Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 295

دراسة وبائية للانماط الجينية لطفيلي الاميبا الحالة للنسيج والجيارديا الامبيلية في منطقة الفرات الاوسط العراق

Author name: صبا فاضل علي مهدي معلة
Supervisor name: علي حسين مكي الكبيسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted on the 1350 stool samples from diarrhea - suffering patients in three provinces of middle Euphrates region : Karbala, Babel and Al - Najaf (450 samples in each province). Patients ranged in age from 1 to more than 60 years and from both sexes and different regions who were attended to some hospitals, dispensaries and private laboratories in these provinces during the period from the first of May 2013 till the end of April 2014. All collected fresh samples were examined microscopically by wet - mounts method for G. l a mbl i a and E n ta m oeba histolytica detection One third of positive samples in microscopic examination (which was selected to be representative for all positive samples) from each province and ten of negative one as control group were submitted to the nucleic acid (DNA) extraction. Molecular diagnosis of G. l ambl i a and E. h i s to l yti ca were performed using PCR reaction with amplification of the 532 - bp and 355 - bp fragments from the internal transcribed spacer region1 ITS1 for each parasite respectively. The eluted DNA of each positive sample in ITS1 test with its specific primer was also submitted to a traditional PCR and RT - PCR techniques for detection two genes in G. l a m b l ia { Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) and Adenosine Triphosphate Guanine Tri Phosphate (ATP/GTP) } and two genes in E. histolytica {Acetatekinase (ACK) and Methionine GammaLyase (MGL)} using PCR and RT - PCR techniques. Five positive PCR products in ITS1 test of G. la m blia were used for sequencing. Based on the results of this study, microscopic examination showed that the total percentages of infection with G. l am bl ia were (14.7, 17.3, 16) % and with E. histolytica were (15.1, 13.3, 16.7) % in Karbala, Babel PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.comand Al - Najaf respectively. The infection with G. l am bli a and E. histolytica was more frequent in males than in females and the prevalence of both parasites in rural areas was higher than the urban areas P < 0.05 in all studied provinces. The highest incidence of infection with G. lamblia occurred in age group 11 - 20 years (P < 0.01) and that with E. histolytica occurred in age group (1 - 10) years (P < 0.05) in all studied provinces. This study was revealed uneven percentages of infection with both parasites during different months of a year (P < 0.01), the highest rate of infection with G. lamb l ia and E. h i s t o l y ti ca were in summer. For the molecular diagnosis of G. l a mbl ia and E. hi s t ol y t i ca, using PCR technique, the prevalence of G. l amb l ia and E. his t o l y ti c a in middle Euphrates region were found to be 14.9 % and 12.8 % respectively. The infection with G. l a m b lia and E. hi stol y t i c a was more frequent in male (62.7, 63.8) % than in female (37.3, 36.2)%, the prevalence of the parasites in rural area (67.2, 69.0)% was higher than the urban area (32.8, 31.0) %, the highest incidence of infection occurred in age groups 1120 and 1 - 10 years with the percentages of (28.4, 29.3) %, the highest rates of infection were in August (20.9%) and July (19.0%) respectively. Significant differences were found between the rate of infection with both G. l a m bl i a and E. hi stol y t i ca and the different parameters (gender, residence, age gropes and months of a year). The results of detection the gens (GARP, ATP/GTP, ACK, MGL) by using PCR technique showed that the total percentages of positive samples were (55.0, 70.0, 45.0, 75.0) %, (62.5, 79.2, 47.0, 70.6) % and (65.2, 73.9, 61.9, 71.4) % in samples of Karbala, Babel and Al - Najaf respectively while those percentages by using RT - PCR were (60.0, 80.0, 50.0, 80.0) %, (66.7, 83.3, 58.8, 82.4) % and (65.2, 78.3, 66.7, 71.4) % respectively. For the detection of genes in G. l am bl ia, sensitivities of 91.8 % and 97.8 % and specificities of 94.6 % and PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com81.4% for PCR and RT - PCR respectively were observed when compared to each others, While Sensitivities of 89.9 % and 98.6% and specificities of 97.3 % and 81.8 % for PCR and RT - PCR respectively for the detection of genes in E. hi sto l y t i c a were observed when compared to each others. Multiple sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis results of this study demonstrated that the G. l ambl ia in Middle Euphrates region - Iraq isolates had nucleotide homology sequence identity percent of 99% with Giardia intestin a l i s (AF199448.1) Australia isolate and with USA isolate Giardia microti

التغيرات الدموية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الدجاج المحلي المصاب تجريبيا بالقمل العاض وعلاقته بنقل طفيلي مقوسات كونداي في الدجاج == Haematological, Biochemical And Histopathological Changes In Experimentally Infected Local Chickens With Biting Lice, And Its Relationship In Transmission of Toxoplasma Gondii In Chickens

Author name: فاطمة ابراهيم محمد الليباوي
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة التغيرات الدموية والكيموحيوية والنسجية الناجمة عن الاصابة التجريبية بالقمل العاض Biting lice وكذلك لاثبات دور القمل في نقل طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondiiمن الطيور المصابة الى الطيور السليمة للمدة من الاول من شهر تشرين | The current study was designed to showed the haematological, biochemical and histological changes caused by experimentally infection with biting lice, as well as to prove the role of lice in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii parasite from infected to healthy birds for the period from November 2013 to June 2014. 30 bird were taken from the chickens local chicks Gallus gallus domesticus aged one week purchased from local markets of AL - Diwaniya city divided into three groups included of each 10 birds (two experimentally groups and one control group) it was hit by lice from naturally infected chickens and then measured blood, biochemical parameters and histological changes at the end of experiment about seven months. Then we collected 30 bird from adult local chickens Gallus gallus domestics at age greater than 4 months and infected with dense lice from markets of AL - Diwaniya city, All samples tested by serological test using Latex Agglutination Test to detects of Toxolasma gondii parasite, 17 samples were positive for Toxoplasma gondii parasite with percentage 56.66% and the highest proportion in the birds recorded at the standard 1/80 (41.17%) and the lowest proportion at standard 1/40, 1/640 reached (5.88%) for both. Four species of biting lice isolation after end of the experiment include, Menacanthus stramineus, Menacanthus cornutus, Menopon gallinae and Goniocotes gallinae at infected percentage 53.59%, 17.37%, 22.57%, 6.45% respectively. Results showed the blood parameters at end of the experiment significantly decreased in the number of red blood cells2.29(x106/mm3), packed cell volume 37.99%, Haemoglobin 9.52(g/dl) and Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration 29.09(g/dl) while showed significantly increased in Mean corpuscular volume 143.23(µ/m3), Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin 47.32(pg) and blood platelets24.36(x103/mm3), and the results showed significantly increased in white blood cells count144.05(x103/mm3), percentageMonocytes 9.10%, Eosinophils4.82%, Neutrophils2.80% and significantly decreased in percentage Lymphocytes67.43%. The results showed biochemical parameters significantly decreased Glucose and Cholesterol concentration and significantly increased in uric acid and Total protein concentration and non - significantly increased in creatinin concentration. The pathological changes caused by infection in two group experiment showed abnormal behavioral changes in infected birds with lice such as instability, constant irritability as well as tweezing and the frequent use of the beak, legs and moving the wings as well as the lack of eating and decrease of weight. The results also show the occurrence pathological gross changes in the birds represented by molt of feather and appearance nacked areas free of feather as well as redness and inflammation of the areas of the skin as a result of wounds and scratches and haemorrhage as well as incidence of histological changes in each of (skin, muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, small intestine and lungs) represented by proliferation fibrous connective tissue in layer of the dermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as hyperplasia in epithelial layer of the epidermis also appeared degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibers where appeared free nuclei with infiltration of inflammatory cells out of the blood vessels in addition to the appearance bleeding within the muscle fibers in the liver there appeared congestion of central veins with loss of the geometric structure of the liver tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells near the central vein with fatty degeneration of the liver cells as happened atrophy of the intestinal villi and crashing and alienation in the villi that lining the vertical cells. in the kidney, noted presence of severe bleeding in the renal tissue and necrosis of the cell lining of renal tubules twisted with atrophy of the renal glomeruli. in the spleen, the results showed atrophy an exhausted pulp white with severe proliferation in red pulp and incidence of hemorrhage and necrosis widely in the lymphoid tissue of the spleen. also the air sacs appeared in lungs full of red blood cells with a large clot inside a blood vessel. Finally, according to the results of molecular analysis of tissue of biting lice from species Menacanthus stramineus using conventional polymerase chain reaction PCR to the emergence of gene diagnostic B1(399bp) specific Toxoplasma gondii parasite in 12 sample of the total samples tested, about 22 samples percentage 54.54% which indicates presence of the parasite and the lice ability to transfer parasite within his body parts

التشخيص الجزيئي وخصوصية المضيف لداء الابواغ الخبيئة Cryptosporidiosis في بعض انواع الطيور البرية والداجنة ود راسة الاصابة التجريبية في الفئران البيض == Molecular Diagnosis And Host Specificity For Cryptosporidiosis In Some Species of Wild And Domestic Birds And Study of Experimental Infection In White Mice

Author name: اخلاص عباس مرهون الزبيدي
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate of Cryptosporidiosis in some wild and domestic birds, and study some concerned aspect of it such as : Host specificity for Cryptosporidium spp., histo - pathological changes which parasite produced it and molecular analysis for this species. To attainment this purpose we applied our study in three major parts : The First part : Investigation of Cryptosporidium in birdsA total of 236 birds were collected from different regions of Al - Diwaniya province between May 2013 to June 2014, Birds included six species which are : 22 sample from Turkey (Meleagris gallopova), 60 from Quail (Coturnix coturnix) , 40 from Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), 52 from Caged chicken(Gallus gallus), 32 from Common duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and 30 from Feral pigeon (Columba livia). Fecal and bile samples which took from birds were examined by used hot modified Zeihl - Nelseen stain.Results revealed that the birds were infected with two types of Cryptosporidiosis : Intestinal and Biliary Cryptosporidiosis (58.1% and 12.7% respectively).Our study recorded four species belong to Cryptosporidium be responsible for intestinal type which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis, C.baileyi and C.galli, While just the first three species of them were be responsible for biliary type.Also results showed that no significant difference according to gender of birds in infection with two types of Cryptosporidiosis, while showed a significant difference to study's months in infection, the highest ratio of Intestinal type was in March and April (87.5% and 89.3% respectively) and the lower ratio was in July, it reached 27.8% ; While the highest ratio of biliary type was in April, it reached 39.3%.Also results revealed that all cases of Biliary type were light infection, while the severity of infection with Intestinal type was between heavy and light infection. Quail birds showed a significant difference in severity infection compared with other birds, it was higher in quail which reached 60.9% and lower in common duck(30.0%) and there was no heavy infection in feral pigeon. when reading of preparation histological sections from : intestinal, fabricious bursa and bile sac, the results showed a histological changes that parasite induced it which included : hyperplasia in infection's regions, necrosis and destroyed in infected cells with infiltration of inflammation cells.The second part : Experimental studyTo test a host specificity and to know how incidence of cross transmission of Cryptosporidium species which isolated from birds to human, therefore the laboratory mice were dosage with the four species of parasite and then we determinate of : susceptible of age group to infection, prepatent period and histological changes in experimentally infected mice.Result showed that cross transmission could happened for three species of Cryptosporidium that infected birds to lab. mice which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi with total ratio 30% and showed a significant difference compared with control group, and the results recorded a mortality ratio in infected mice (7.5%).The probability of mammalian infection by Cryptosporidium spp. which isolated from birds in our study represent the first record in Iraq. C.parvum and C.meleagridis showed loss of host specificity whereas C.baileyi was opportunist in his ability to infect another host beside their ordinary host (birds), while C.galli showed a high specificity for its host.The third part : Molecular studyThis part in our study studied for the first time in Iraq, which contains the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species that infected birds and their genetic analysis through : DNA sequence analysis of species by used small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18SrRNA), read of phylogenetic tree of these species and do comparison among genetic trees according to : original host (birds), experimental host (infected mice) and to their parasitic site in their ordinary host.The phylogenic tree of parasite species was drown by used MEGA6 program, the results of neighboring tree revealed two major branches : First branch include C.galli while the second branch include the other three species. Also genetic tree showed presence of two difference strains of C.parvum can infected the birds with neighboring ratio between them reached to 82% and the same thing was found for C.meleagridis but with neighboring ratio reached to 70%.The reading of phylogenetic tree showed that all species of studied birds can infection with isolated Cryptosporidium species excepting C.galli which just isolate from domestic chicken and C.meleagridis which found parasite only in turkey and quail.Results of genetic analysis of neighboring tree among species according to parasitic sites in infected birds showed similarity between species which isolated from fecal and bile, which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi, this result corroborate the ability of these species to transfer their infection from intestine to bile sac.The results of comparative concerned with isolated species from infected mice's fecal(experimental host) and from birds' fecal (ordinary host), results showed similarity among three species which isolated from mice's fecal with their analogous species isolated from birds' fecal which are : C.parvum, C.meleagridis and C.baileyi, while C.galli doesn't have ability to infect mice which dosage it.Finally the result of this study give evidence to ability of cross transmission for these three species from the class : Aves to the class : Mammalian, So this fact give to us a hygienic indication for probability of human infection with these species.

تقييم الفعالية المضادة للاكسدة والمضادة لحيوية الاطوار المختلفة لذبابة المنزل Musca domestica L. للمستخلص المائي لمخلفات العنب Vitis vinifera L. == Evaluation of The Antioxidant And The Activity Against The Viability of Various Stages of The Domestic Fly Musca Domestica L. For The Water Extracts of Grape Pomace Vitis Vinifera L

Author name: محمد قاسم بلاسم الخيلاني
Supervisor name: عبد اللطيف مولان محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: لقد تم تحديد المحتوى الفينولي الكلي للمركبات الفينولية Total phenolic content والفعالية المضادة للاكسدة Antioxidant activity لمخلفات نوعين من العنب (Vitis vinifera) (ديس العنز والشدة السوداء) التي تم الحصول عليها بعد استخلاص عصير العنب وهي القشور والبذور | The total phenolic contents (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the pomaces and their components (seeds and peels) of two Iraqi grape cultivars (Shadda Black and Des - Alanez) were determined. Four types of solvents were used in the extraction in order to select the best way of extraction of the phenolic compounds. In addition, the insecticidal activity of the water extracts of the pomaces, seeds and peels against different stages of the life cycle of housefly, Musca domestica, was evaluated via studying the effects of the water extracts on egg hatching, the development of the first instar (L1) larvae into pupae and adult flies, and on the viability of the third instar (L3) larvae and pupae. The results of the present study showed that the extracts prepared in the 5% HCl solutions contained the highest (P<0.05) amounts of phenolic compounds followed by those prepared in hdyro - ethanolic solutions (50% with water, v/v), then the extracts prepared in boiling distilled water, while those prepared in normal distilled water (at room temperature) showed the lowest amounts of phenolic compounds. A similar trend of activity was observed for the antioxidant activity via the ability to scavenge the synthetic free radical (2, 2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl; DPPH). This correlation between the total phenolic contents of the grape pomaces, seeds, and peels and their antioxidant activities clearly indicates that the phenolic compounds are the main contributors for the antioxidant activity. It is important to mention that the TPC of the pomaces, seeds, and peels of the Des - Alanez cultivar were significantly higher (P<0.05 - 0.001) than their counterparts of the Shadda cultivar.The insecticidal activity was evidenced by the ability of the water (boiling) extracts of the pomaces, seeds, and peels of the two cultivars to inhibit the hatching of the housefly eggs at very low concentrations. At 150 microgram (µg)/ml, the crude water extracts from the powdered pomaces, seeds, and peels were able to inhibit completely the hatching of the eggs (100% inhibition) when compared with the eggs in the control group (exposed to water only). The water extracts of the pomaces, seeds, and peels of the two cultivars showed inhibitory effects against the viability of the L3 larvae as evidenced by their ability to paralyze or kill the larvae and this ability increases significantly with increasing the exposure time (P< 0.05) and concentration (P< 0.05). The results also revealed that the ability of extracts of the seeds of the two cultivars to paralyze or kill the L3 larvae was significantly higher (P< 0.5 - 0.001) than the extracts of the pomaces and peels, especially at the higher concentrations.The results of the current study also showed the capacity of the water extracts of pomaces, seeds, and peels of the two cultivars to affect the development of pupae into adult flies and this capacity depends on the exposure time and the by - product and increases significantly (P< 0.05 - 0.001) with increasing the exposure time. Moreover, the ability of the seeds extracts from both cultivars to inhibit the transformation of the pupae into adult flies was significantly higher (P< 0.001) than the ability of the extracts of the pomaces and peels, and at all the exposure times.Concerning the results of the last series of the laboratory experiments which are considered the most important experiments in this study because they simulate field conditions, two treatment placement locations were selected, top of the manure and bottom of manure (under about 5 cm of manure). For top treatment, 50 grams of manure were placed in the plastic cup and then 5% or 10% of the powdered pomaces, seeds or peels were sprinkled on the top of the manure. For bottom treatment, the same amounts of powdered by - products were sprinkled on the bottom of the cup and then 50 g of manure were added to the cup. A similar quantity of untreated manure was used as a control. The results of these experiments showed that the powdered pomaces, seeds, and peels have the ability to inhibit the development of the larvae into pupae and adult flies and this ability depends on the location of the products and the grape cultivar. The results also revealed that the addition of the powdered materials of both cultivars on top of the manure inhibited significantly more (P<0.05 - 0.001) L1 larvae from reaching the pupa and adult stages in comparison with their counterparts which had been added at the bottom of the manure. Contrary to our expectations, the powdered pomaces, seeds and peels of both cultivars showed inhibitory effect against the L1 larvae when added on bottom of the manure which may indicate that the phenolic compounds present in the powdered materials can mix and bind with the ingredients of the powdered by - products and affect the growth and development of the larvae into pupae and adult flies.It can be concluded that the grape pomaces and their ingredients, which are usually thrown in the bin, represent very good sources for phenolic compounds that have the ability to scavenge the free radicals and have insecticidal activity against different stages of the housefly, Musca domestica.

تقييم الاستجابة المناعية عند المرضى المصابين بالجرب في محافظة النجف == Evaluation of Immune Response In Scabietic Patients In Najaf Governorate

Author name: ملاك ماجد عبد الامير الموسوي
Supervisor name: هادي رسول حسن | ازر هادي ملوكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة النجف في الفترة الممتدة مابين شباط 2012 لغاية تشرين الثاني 2013 في العيادة الاستشارية للجلدية في مدينة الصدر الطبية وكليتي العلوم والتربية للبنات في جامعة الكوفة. كان عدد المصابين بالجرب الذين ارتادوا العيادة الاستشارية لل | The present study was carried out in Najaf governorate, during the period from February 2012 till November 2013 in Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Al - Sader Medical City, College of Science and College of Education for Girls in Kufa University. The number of scabietic patients who attended the outpatient clinic during February to November 2012 were 300 (168 males and 132 females). Their ages ranged from 10 to 65 years. They were included to show the prevalence of scabies. Sixty scabietic patients (out of 300 patients) who did not have allergic diseases, helminthic infections, previous attack with scabies, and/or getting any antihistamines drugs were included for human IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4, IL - 5 and total IgE assays using ELISA technique; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay and eosinophils(%). These assays were applied on scabietic patients (who were divided according to onset of symptoms or duration of scabies symptoms into early and late scabietic patients) as well as healthy controls.Also Sarcoptes scabiei mite proteins were extracted. Then heat stable mite proteins concentration was determined by Bradford’s method. SDS - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) analysis was used. The activity of mite allergens was assayed by skin prick test (SPT) in 10 scabietic patients and 5 controls with 1.2 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml. House dust mite (HDM) antigens were skin prick tested in patients with scabies and controls.The prevalence of scabies in current study constituted 6.54% from all the dermatoses which attended the clinic. The males represented 56% and females were 44%. The age group (10 - 19) years was the highest prevalence of scabies (41.7%). Early scabietic patients represented 72% versus late scabietic patients were 28%. The results revealed that a highly significant elevation (p< 0.001) in serum cytokines (IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4 and IL - 5) as well as IgE, SOD and eosinophils (%) in the two groups of scabietic patients in comparison to the controls.Results of correlation demonstrated that IgE, SOD and eosinophils (%) were positively and significantly correlated (p< 0.001) with the studied cytokines in early, late scabietic and control groups. IgE was positively correlated with IL - 1?, TNF - ?, IL - 4 and IL - 5 in early scabietic patients, whereas, it had negative correlation with IL - 1?, TNF - ?, and positive correlation with IL - 4 and IL - 5 in late ones. SOD showed negative correlation with IL - 1? and TNF - ?, and positive correlation appeared with IL - 4 and IL - 5 in both scabietic patients. Eosinophils (%) were positively correlated with all the studied cytokines in two groups of scabietic patients.The results also revealed that SDS - PAGE profile of the parasite heat stable proteins consisted of protein bands with molecular weights ranged from less than 10 to over than 100 kDa. Skin test demonstrated that (7/10, 70%) and (8/10, 80%) of scabietic patients had a positivity against 1.2 ?g/ml and 2.4 ?g/ml of sarcoptic mite extracts, respectively when prick tested. HDM extract was found to be positive in (4/10, 40%) of scabietic patients; while controls revealed negative result.It can be concluded that scabies affect TH1 and TH2 immune response as well as SOD activity and eosinophils. Sarcoptic proteins contain heat stable allergens which able to cause immediate type - 1 hypersensitivity when 1.2?g/ml of mite protein is skin prick tested, and there is a cross reactivity between Sarcoptes scabiei and HDM allergens

استخدام التراكم الحيوي للعناصر الثقيلة في انسجة الديدان المتطفلة على نوعين من اسماك المياة العذبة في محافظة القادسية == The Usage of Bio - Accumulation of Heavy Meyals In Tissues of Parasitic Helminthes of Two Types of Fresh Waters Fishes In Al - Qadisiya Governorat.

Author name: عاصفة مطرود ياسين المياحي
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في اربعة انهار ضمن محافظة القادسية هي نهرالديوانية والشامية والحمزة وعفك, اذ جمعت 945 سمكة تعود لنوعين من الاسماك هما الشبوط الاعتيادي Barbus grypus والخشني Liza abu وبعــد فحصها وجـد ان 205 سمكة مـن اسماك الشبوط الاعتيادي و344 سمكة | The present study has been conducted in four parts of AL - Qadisiya (Diwaniya center, Shamiya, Hamza and Afaq). A sample of 945 fish of Barbus grypus and Liza abu has been examined. It was found that 205 of the Barbus grypus fish and 344 of the Liza abu were infected with parasitic intestinal worms. Some parasitic intestinal worms have been detected such as the Neoechinorynchus iraqensis in both fish types. The female paulisentus in Barbus grypus, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi were found in both Barbus grypus, Liza abu and the larva of Contracaecum spp was seen in the Liza abu and Barbus grypus type. In Diwaniya river had high infection of both fish types was 61.31%. The Barbus grypus fish were recorded with 70.11% while the Liza abu fish infection was 57.21%.. In Hamza river the total percentage of infection was 56.79 % in both types. The Liza abu infection in the four parts of Diwaniya as 56.30%. In September the infection percentage was higher by 63.21% in the two kinds of fish. while in February, December the infection rate was as low as 50%. It was also found that length categories of (26 - 24.1)cm of Barbus grypus had high percentage of 67.16%, while the length category (28 - 26.1) cm suffered 64.47% infection with intestinal worms in the length category (> - 30.1) was 22.22%.As for the Liza abu it had a high percentage of infection in length category (12 - 10.1) cm, the percentage was 67.53% and dropped to 46.53% in length category (8 - 6)cm.The present study has discovered many pathological changes (visable and microscopic)caused by the intestinal worms, Among the visable changes was embolism and bleeding of the walls of the infected intestinal microscopic changes included an increase in the phlogistic and phagocytic cell and ruining of the internal tissue lining the intestines and atrophy villi.Eight heavy metals were measured.They included Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Copper, Manganese, Mercuryand Chromiumby means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer tissues from the a forementioned types of fish were measured for these heavy metals these tissues were from the liver, muscles, gills, two kinds of intestinal worms (Cestode and Nematode) were measured also water and sediments (deposits) from four districts of Diwaniya throughout the year, Cadmium registered high concentrations in autumn (12.67) Mg/ gm in the liver of the Barbus grypus. lower concentrations of Cadmium were registered in Winter (1.30) Mg/ gm in the liver of Liza abu.The Barbus grypus livers had high concentrations of lead in autumn (21.03) Mg/ gm in Hamza rivers, where as gills of the Liza abu registered lower concentrations(6.43) Mg/gm in spring.The livers of the Barbus grypus registered high concentrations of zine in autumn which where (32.27)Mg/ gm in Hamza river. Shamiya river they dropped to 21.17 Mg/ gm in spring, It was observed that Nickel had high concentrations in the livers of both fish types, The highest of which was in autumn, the the Hamza river had the highest concentrations in autumn which were (29.17, 28.63, 27.67) Mg/gm.In spring the nickel concentrations were low in the gills of the Liza abu11.10 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river, The livers of the Barbus grypus had the most concentrations of copper which reached 2.02 Mg/ gm while livers of the Liza abu had 1.92 Mg/ gm concentrations in autumn in Hamza river.Manganese showed low concentrations in the Liza abu gills in winter and spring they ranged (1.67, 1.73) in Shamiya river, manganese concentrations increased in autumn and summer to reach (14.83, 10.07) Mg/ gm in the Liza abu liver and (15.13, 10.57) Mg/ gm in the muscles of the Barbus grypus in Hamza river, Marcury had the lowest concentrations 24.37 Mg/ gm in the gills of Liza abu in Afaq river, It was observed that the livers of the Barbus grypus were more vulnerable, the highest concentrations was registered 49.97 Mg/ gm in Hamza river followed by Diwaniya which registered 48.97 Mg/m in autumn. Chromium registered lowest concentrations compared to the other metals,.cestodes isolated from the Barbus grypus registered high of mercury concentrations that reached 37.667 and 37.300 Mg/ gm in Hamza and Diwaniya rivers, chrome concentrations was low in the tape worms 0.166 Mg/ gm while nematodes, the concentrations was 0.157 Mg/ gm in Shamiya river.cestoda and nematodais isolated from the intestines of Liza abu registered high concentrations in autumn, cestoda had the most of the concentrations of heavy metals, Mercury and nickel had high concentrations of (35.783, 25.840) Mg/gm, copper and chrome had lower concentrations(1.881, 0.174) Mg/gm inHamza river, nematode registered high concentrations that reached 33.994 Mg/ gm in mercury in Hamza river.As for the rivers sediments Autumn was the most effected by heavy metals for the sediments in Hamza river had high concentrations in Manganese, mercury, and chrome (367, 376.97, 290.93) Mg/ gm respectively while the lowest concentrations was for copper 22.53 Microgram/gram in Shamiya river in spring. The rivers water registered low concentrations of heavy metals in spring, The Shamiya river had low concentrations of lead and cadmium (80.57, 54.60) Mg/gm, autumn registered higher concentrations compared to spring where the highest concentration of manganese and Copper was (512.37, 442.83) Mg / gm in Hamza river.

دراسة التغيرات الهرمونية ومعايير الخصوبة وامكانية الانتقال الجنسي في ذكور الجرذان المصابة تجريبيا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية == Study of Hormonal Changes And Fertility Parameters And The Possibility of Sexual Transmission In Male Rats Experimentally Infection By Toxoplasma Gondii Parasite

Author name: مي ناجي كاظم الخناق
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى اثبات العلاقة بين الاصابة بداء المقوسات وحالات ضعف الخصوبة عند الذكور من خلال دراسة التغيرات في المعايير التكاثرية والهرمونات التكاثرية والتغيرات المرضية النسجية للحيوانات المصابة تجريبا بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii, | The present study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and cases of low fertility in males by examining changes in reproductive parameters, reproductive hormones and histopathological changes of experimentally infected rats, the study also aimed to prove the case of the venereal transmission of parasite from male to female and vice versa. The study carried out in three phases, the first phase includes determining the infection rate of the parasite for men who suffer from low fertility rate, as it has been serologically detecting the presence of IgG antibodies to the parasite by ELISA technique in the laboratory of parasites / College of Veterinary Medicine in 46 serum samples of blood for men attend to the Center for Infertility Research embryos of the Faculty of Medicine / University of Al - Nahrain and Al - Zahra Hospital and particular laboratories in Wasit province, who proved to have a laboratory case of weakness in reproductive parameters of semen in the rate of infection was 34.78%, then was to investigate the level of reproductive hormones (testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone), it was the men who had lower levels of these hormones 58.33% and 50% and 1.664%, respectively. The second phase included the parasite Toxoplasma gondii isolated from placental samples of aborted women and brain samples of local chicken after confirming the presence of the parasite in those samples by impression smear, As to isolate the parasite the samples was catting and grinding, filtered and centrifugation after it was suspended in physiological solution at three times.These isolates were used for experimental infection in 60 of the male albino rats norvegicus Rattus age (60_70) days and an average of weights 200_250 grams injected each of them within the peritoneum 0.3ml each animal and containing 100 cysts, 30 of which form the suspension of placenta and 30 from the suspension brain of local chicken in rats experimental infection, injection of 10 for each of the male rats and 10 female rats by suspension of placenta for experimental infection and after seven weeks of infection, put 10 healthy females with males infected experimentally and 10 healthy males with infected female for the purpose of mating to ensure for the transition infection of the parasite sexually and then confirm infection by using the direct smear (impression) and the Real - Time polymerase chain reaction technique and histological sections in the experience of experimental infection and transitional infection of parasite. It emerged the effective of infection on reproductive parameters in experimentally infected rats as negative recorded changes represented in the weights of reproductive organs, sperm concentration, motility, viability and the percentage of abnormalities compared with control group and in significant differences in 0.05 except the sperm motility which recorded significant differences in animals injected with suspension of brain domestic chicken and no significant differences in animals injected with suspension of placenta, also recorded the absence of sperm in the semen of infected rats by 40% in each of the animals that were injected placenta and injected samples of the brain of domestic chicken, as it was for the transmission of the infection to the male effect on reproductive parameters sperm in all reproductive parameters in study and significant difference for all parameters except the sperm motility compared with control group in significant differences in 0.05.With regard to the rates of sex hormones (LH, FSH, T) has recorded a significant decrease of the animals experimentally infection, which amounted to 4.588, 4.648, 6.657, either male rats venereal infected there was a decrease in the levels of hormones three significant differences and rates of 4.762, 5.644, 2.21, respectively, compared with control group which recorded 10.514, 12.210, 10.576, respectively, as rates were hormones low for normal level in females venereal infected except hormone LH as record rate 8.132 higher than the average private control group, which amounted to 5.335, as the rates of hormone (FSH, T) for females venereal infected 2.901, 5.596, respectively, compared to the control group, which recorded 4.71, 1.79, respectively.The initial diagnosis of the infection by using the impression smear method and its emphasis by molecular diagnosis REALTIME PCR technique, as was the incidence100% of the first method, either way in the second technique in rats injected with Suspension parasite of placenta 90% while it was 100% in rats injected parasite brain domestic chicken, the percentage of infection was varied in organs as recorded lowest infection in the first group in the liver and the testis was 20% either the highest percentage recorded in the semen and 90% either in brain samples was 26%, while the lowest infection for the second group it was 20% in the liver, brain and testis either the highest proportion it was 100% of the semen, and whend vice versa, in 100% for both groups by imprassion smear method, either way RT.PCR was recorded the percentage of infection in uninfected females which mated with infected males 100% divided by the organs as the lowest infection recorded in the uterus was 30% and the highest rate of infection was in the liver, brain was 100% either ovary was the presence of parasite in which 60%, while the incidence of total uninfected male who have been mated experimentally infected female100% divided by the organs as the highest rate of infection was in semen was 100% and either in the liver there have been no cases were positive remember and so the infection was 0% either infection rates recorded for the tissue of the brain and testis were 40%, 50%, respectively, either with regard to prove the existence of the parasite, depending on tissue sections of these tissues have been diagnosed with the parasite in addition to histological pathological changes occur where the male rats experimentally infected and all of the male and female in experience. As the percentage of pregnancies in the two groups of animals mating 35%, the percentage of infection in newborn brain has reached100%, which proves the case of vertical transmission of the parasite for newborns of infected mother parasite

التتابع الجيني لطفيليات Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. Moshkoviskii في محافظة القادسية == Phylogenetic Sequeincing For Spesies Entamoeba Histolytica, E. Dispar, E. Moshkoviskii In Al - Qadisiya Province

Author name: هبة رياض جميل العبودي
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من بداية اذار 2014 والى نهاية ايلول 2014 وشملت على مراجعين مستشفى الديوانية العام ومستشفى النسائية والاطفال في محافظة القادسية ومختبرات التحليل الاهلية في المحافظة, وقد تم فحص679 عينة براز باستخدام طريقة المسحة المباشرة لمختلف الفئ | This study has been conducted for the period from the first of March 2014 until September 2014 and included the auditors to Diwaniya General Hospital and Women's Hospital and children in the province of Diwaniya and civil analytical laboratories in the province. A sample of 679 of auditors' stool have been examined by using the direct swab from different age groups and both sexes. The study shows that 61.26% of people have been infected by screened amoeba parasite. Real time PCR was used in this study to diagnose Amoeba species in 200 samples. Result shows that Entamoeba histolytica had highest percentage of incident followed by Entamoeba dispar then Entamoeba moshkoviskii, which were 74 %, 26 %, and 7 % respectively.Statistical level of ?=0.05presents significant differences between then. Percentage of positive molecular test samples was higher than the negative ones; they were 88% and 12%. Molecular diagnoses were used in this study. E. histolytica had highest individual incident followed by E.disbar then E. moshkoviskii : 56% 10%, and 1% respectively. Using significant level of 0.05, significant differences were appeared. Rates of mixed infections of E. histolytica + E. dispar followed by E. moshkoviskii + histolytica then E. moshkoviskii + E. dispar, which were 14%, 4%, and 2% respectively. Statistics shows significant differences between them at ? =0.05. Symptoms of individual incident of the three Amoeba sorts were observed and recorded. Patients who had E. histolytica, severed from acute diarrhea that ranged between mucous and watery texture, which its color contrast between brown and reddish brown. They had bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain that ranged from severe to moderate colic. They had also slight temperature increase and weight loss. For those who had E.disbar, abdominal pain and frequent pale yellow diarrhea that semi - aqueous texture were recorded. Symptoms of : moderate yellowish brown snotty diarrhea, abdominal pain and, weight loss were observed for those who had E. moshkoviskii. R.T.PCR (Taqman Probe) was used to isolate samples and to investigate the three pathogenic virulence genes, which are Cystiene Proteinase, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin. This was done in each of Amoeba’s species using R.T.PCR (Syber Green). According to it, E. histolytica possesses Cystiene Proteinase 1, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin at 86.6%, 80.35%, and 42.8% respectively. Non - significant differences were found at ? =0.05 between them. For E.disbar, result shows existence of the same pathogenic virulence genes at percentages of 65%, 45%, and 20% respectively. Result presents significant differences among percentage of genes isolation for the pathogenic virulence factors at ? =0.05. E. moshkoviskii had these three pathogenic virulence genes at percentage of 33.3% by isolating the virulence genes except Gal/Gal Nac Lactin, there were significant differences among them at ? =0.05. This study was conducted to understand the molecular characterization confirmatory of the three types of insulators parasite using traditional enzyme chain polymerize reaction as a first stage to investigate the 18s ribosomal RNA covenantal. It represents personal heritage of the three types of amoeba. Depending on the same gene, developed tree were analyzed for Amoeba’s species using method of Neighber - Joining among different groups of the stains for each species separately using MEGA6 program. Knowing convergence rates of the used stains and international isolators from NCBI, Blast program was used. Since there is no study has been done to study nitrogenous bases sequence for these three species, samples undertook molecular characterization confirmatory was registered in the national data base center (NCBI). International serial numbers were obtained and attached to the dissertation.

دراسة وبائية لاميبا النسج في مدينة كركوك وعلاقته بالجذور الحرة في مصل دم المصابين == Epidemiological Study On Entamoeba Histolytica In Kirkuk City And Its Relationship With Free Radicals In Blood Serum of Infected Persons

Author name: ليما طارق يواش لازار
Supervisor name: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 600 عينة غائط للمرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاطفال في مدينة كركوك للفترة من 1/12/2010 الى 17/7/2011 للتحري عن طفيلي Entamoeba histolytica.تم فحص عينات الغائط بطريقة المسحة المباشر باستخدام المجهر الضوئي للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية وال | The present study includes the examination of stool sample of patients attended pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city for period from 1st of December till 17th July 2011 for detection of Entamoeba histolytica.The stool samples were examined by direct wet mount method, using light microscope for detection of trophozoites and cysts stages of parasite. The study showed that the rate of infection with E. histolytica / E. dispar was 21.67% (130 of 600). The cystic stages were dominant in infected stool samples which being 53.85% (70 of 130), while the trophozoite stage was 15.38 % (20 of 130). The epidemiological survey based on direct stool examination showed the rate of infection among females was 23.07% (60 of 260) in comparison with males 20.59% (70 of 340). The highest rate of infection was among the age group 1 - 5 years 25.5% (69 of 270). The highest rate was also in children of illiterate parents 26.1% (68 of 260). The biochemical tests were carried out to estimate serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde (MDA) and selenium. The study showed that the level of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, malondialdehyde increased in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls, while the study showed decreased selenium concentration in infected patients in comparison with healthy controls. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was done to estimate serum IgG level for Entamoeba histolytica, the rate of seropositivity for IgG was 21.68% (18 of 83). The rate of IgG in positive sample was 17.73% (7 of 41) while in negative sample was 26.19% (11 of 42).

انتشار داء اللشمانية الجلدية في محافظة القادسية مع تقييم مدى الاسجابة للعلاج بعقار البنتوستام بطريقة RT - PCR == Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In Al - Qadissia Province And The Evaluation of Treatment Response By Pentostam With Rt - Pcr

Author name: رنا صالح صاحب محلول الدفاعي
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: Results of clinical and laboratory examination of 239 cases showed 55 infection cases in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and in infection proportion reaches at 23.01% out of the total number of the Cutaneous cases which are similar to Leishmaniasis during the months of the study. The Results also showed that the highest infection was recorded between the ages 1 - 10 years old and about 26 cases in 47.27% and between 10 - 20 years old about 17 cases in 30.9% and the lowerest was between 40 - 50 and 70 - 80 years old in one cases in 1.8%. The summit of the disease spread was in February for about 24 cases in 43.63% specially in AL - Hamza AL - Sharqi where the highest number of infection was recorded for about 23 cases in 41.81%. It is followed by AL - Shafiya for 10 cases in 18.18% and the lowerest was AL - Mhannawiya for one case in 1.8%. It has been clear that the number of the multiple epidemics is more than the individual ones in 70.5% while the latter in 29.98% respectively. It was focused on hands and legs in 50.35% and 24.46 %. The tissue test showed thick perspiration in the big infected pharynx and lymphatic cell in addition to the existence of abscess to the smash of the infected cell. Forty nine positive cases were found in 89.09% for the genetic material DNA which is connected with Leishmaniasis by mean of NestedPCR to identify the type results showed 47 samples which is L. major in 95.91% and to get sure by investigating the virulence factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease it was found that all sample were positive in 100% as Leishmania. major. To know the affect of treatment pentostam on these samples, the standard proportion for the genetic patterns was calculated factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and cysteine protease during five week. Results showed that there was a big difference for each gene in a solation during the period of treatment in a level of the possibility of (P?0.05) when used test LSD. and by comparing the three genes it was found that there was a meaningful between cysteine protease and the other two factor lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan and there wasn’t difference between lipophosphoglycan, proteophosphoglycan. Hence, it has been clear that the treatment pentostam has a big affect in parasite by its affect on the virulence factors and this explains that possibility of infection may happen again after having the treatment. The skin disease cutaneous Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the endemic parasitic diseases in Iraq. This study aims at identifying its prevalence and specifying the virulence factors in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in order to define the type of disease reason and the affect of the treatment of Pentostam on the virulence factors lipophosphoglycan, Cysteine protease, proteophosphoglycans by means Real time - PCR

دراسة وبائية تشخيصية لداء اللشمانيا مع تحديد انماط الطفيل المسبب بواسطة تقنية PCR وتمييز الانواع الناقلة من ذبابة الرمل sand fly في محافظة ديالى == Epidemio Diagnostic Study For Leishmaniasis With Determination of Parasite Strain’s By PCR Technique And Morphologically Differmates The Species of Sand Fly Vector In Diyala Governorate

Author name: جابر عودة كاظم
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تسليط الضوءعلى انتشار داء اللشمانيا الجلدية والاحشائية المتسبب من قبل الطفيلي Leishmania spp في مناطق مختلفة في محافظة ديالى ودراسة الظروف البيئية المساهمة في انتشار المرض ومقارنة الفحوصات السريرية والمختبرية والمصلية المستخدمة في تش | The aims of present study to illuminate a light on visceral and cutaneous leishminiasis disease caused by leishminia Spp parasite as registered in Diyal Governorate, and study the environment condition which contributed in diffusion the disease and comparison the tests of clinical, Laboratory and serological tests which used in diagnosing with PCR technique test, the study included many steps. 1. The epidemiologically which is main to determine the rates of infection as registered in some district of Diyala province in according to the age, sex, and the month of the year so according to the environmental conditions : - 7200 samples of blood collected from many different ages persons from different districts in Diyala. (3009 males, 4011 females) are examined. The study shows a positive cases of 607 distributed among the districts including (Jalawlaa, Bani Saa'd, Baladruz, Baquba, Alodeim amd DeliAbbas) these register a highest percentage of infection in Jalawlaa sub - district about 12.8% and less percentage of infection are in Baquba about 1.3% whiel is register highest percentage of in infection were (>1 - 5) years about 13.2% and lower percentage infection (<5 - 10) years wuth rate 2.4% so the groups of ages (25 - 30) years didn't appear any infections. according to the gender the males are high from the females whom effected with this disease the number of males (432) case with rate 71, 1%. The number of infected females about 175 cases with rate 28.8%.while in the month of years were the male infection are a highest infection in January - 2012, but did not register any infection in (June and July). The environmental condition infective in prevalence the disease between the people whom resident the houses which breed the animals inside, the number of infections are 245 cases from 607 positive cases with rate 40.3%. This was the low rate 4.9% from the infected people because of rats in their hoses. which didn't kill them. 2. The comparison of diagnostic methods of clinical test, laboratory test and serological test, with the molecular methods from the direction of sensitivity and specificity, The studies results appeared the importance of clinical test subtle in case of a similar cases depend on the clinical symptoms there are a highest cases from clinical test that the children suffering from liver magle their number are 176 cases the rate 80.36%, but the lowest cases of clinical test are 59.19% whom suffered from a skin pallor and black. The laboratory tests appeared the blood picture through testing the 350cases whom suspicion in their infection with leishmaniasis, the number of whom suffering from the lower of WBC 73 with rate 34.2%, while the low cases are 6 with rate 2.82% from whom suffering from hipper ESR, but the serological test was IFAT, Dipsrtick, spotkala - azor, ELISA, KA tex LATEX. Diagnostic infection leishmaniasis a best in diagnostic disease is dipstick test it's sensitivity are 95%, but it's specificity 100% but the lowest is the test of LATEX, it's sensitivity 75% and specificity 80%.3. The Molecular methods : PCR technique test clear recently the new highest sensitivity in diagnosis when the number of the parasite are a little in the blood in the infections peoples whom choose in random way. when testing 100 samples of DNA from the infection with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the number of infected male are 73, But the number of infected females are 27 with leishmaniasis. and studying the relation between PCR diagnosis according to the sex, age, district and environment condition, so as the recognize between the species of the parasite from the sequence Nitrogen basics with number in each species, (the species are L.donovani, L.infantum, L.tropica, L.major) so recognize the vector insect sand fly Morphology by key classification (ph.alexandri, ph.papatasi Ph.sergentasi, and sqauanlpleuris).

دراسة وبائية على طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقولة جنسيا وتاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتــيـــــة على نمو الطفيلي في الزجاج في مدينة كركوك == Epidemiological Study On Trichomonas Vaginalis & Some Associated Bacteria That Causing Sexual Transmitted Diseases & Effect of Some Herbal Extraction On The Parasite In Vitro In Kirkuk City

Author name: محسن عز الدين سليمان
Supervisor name: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | محمد عبد العزيز قادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: بلغ العدد الكلي للعينات التي جمعت وفحصت للفترة من بداية شهر تموز 2007 الى نهاية شهر مايس 2008 (2345) عينة لكلا الجنسين مــن مستشفيات كركوك للتحري عن وبائية طفيلي المشــــــعرات المهبليـــــــــة Trichomonas vaginalis وبعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض المنقو | A total (2345) specimens were collected & examined from both sexes, from the beginning of July 2007 till the end of May 2008 attending Kirkuk hospitals for epidemiological study of Trichomonas vaginalis & some sexual transmitted microorganisms. The vaginal examinations were done by gynecologist, two high vaginal swabs were taken from (250) women & a cervical swab from some women with vaginal discharge. General urine examination & blood group with Rh factor were performed for each woman with vaginal discharge. Direct microscopic examination, staining & culture of swabs were performed on different methods for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis, followed to diagnose Candida albicans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum as well as some other bacterial groups. The rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was (2.8%) & Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.8%), while no Chlamydia trachomatis & Treponema pallidum recorded in this study. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was among the age group between 15 - 29 years (3.6%), the rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was higher among illiterate (5.7%) than educated ones. The highest rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was recorded among those with blood group O & Rh (+ve) (3.8%). The same result was found regarding other microorganisms in both sexes. Statistically the results were not significant.The rate of infections in females was higher than males in all infection except Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recorded highest rate in males(35%). The percentage of mixed infections with Trichomonas vaginalis was Candida albicans (1.6%) & B - hemolytic streptococcus (0.4%). The maximum infections rate in vaginal swabs were Staphylococcus aureus (42.3%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%). Regarding the distribution of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of females suffering from vaginal discharges, the highest rate of infection was Eschirechia coli (22.2%) & lowest rate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2%) respectively. The rate of isolated microorganisms from urethral discharge of males were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (35%) & Escherichia coli (5%). Antibiotics Ciprofloxacin & Amikacin showed good inhibition activity against all pathogenic microorganisms. Regarding the effect of different concentration of metronidazole & medical herbs to the Trichomonas vaginalis invitro, metronidazole showed clear effective inhibition at concentration (1.25%) during 24 hours. The inhibitory effect of Zea mays (both alcoholic & watery extractions) was greater than Apium graveolens & Foeniculum vulgare. At concentration (2.5% & 5%) of Zea mays in both extractions was almost identical to metronidazole. Six solvents were used by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to separate alcoholic & watery extraction of medical herbs, only three of them A, B & F gave good results in separating herbal extraction with differing in its component. By measuring relative flow rate (Rƒ) of all compounds that separated and determind. The chemical compounds of each herbal extract were established & included alkaloids, flavonieds, amines, pigments, oils, carbohydrates, phenols, purines & tanines.

التحري عن الاميبا الحالة للنسج/ الاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar في عينات البراز للمرضى با ستعمال تقنية PCR == Detection of Entamoeba Histolytic /Entamoeba Dispar In Stool Specimens By Using PCR Technique

Author name: بثينة عبد الحمزة حسون الزبيدي
Supervisor name: اخلاص مشرف عيدان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تسلط الدراسة الحالية الضوء على تشخيص وتحديد نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي الاميبا المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica وتمييزها عن الاميبا غير المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar اللتين تتمايزان بشكلهما المتماثل في كلا الطور | This study sheds light on the determination and diagnose of the percentage of infection of like Entamoeba histolytica and differentiate it from the non pathogenic Entamoeba dispar that were morphologically identical in both cysts and trophozoite phase in two different groups : the first group includes 50 stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (symptomatic group) while the second group includes 95 stool samples of patients not suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (Asymptomatic group).In addition to that, 20 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control these samples were collected patients of AL - Zafaranyia General Hospital and AL - Alwyia Childhood Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from July, 2011 to May, 2012.These samples belong to different ages (1 year - < 50 years) of different sexes (males and females). Entamoeba samples were diagnosed by using two methods : the first one is the wet mount as a General Stool Examination(GSE) after macroscopic examination for sample and classifying them according to their consistency (solid, semisolid and liquid) and color (brown and yellow) and presence of blood and mucous in addition to diagnosing them microscopically to detect the presence of pus cells and both phases trophozoite and cyst for Entamoeba histolytica.While the second method that was depended in diagnosis is duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) by using two pairs of genes for detection of their amplification in DNA sample isolated from stool. The first pair is cystein proteinase which represents one of virulent factors in Entamoeba histolytica parasite as a tissue invader. The second pair encodes the surface antigen present on the surfaces of both parasites E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is represented by Actin gene (Act). The results of the wet mount showed that in percentage of infection of both species (E.histolytica/E.dispar) the (54%) of patient symptom and (34.37%) patient a symptom.While results of the specificity and sensitivity showed that in positive sample wet mount negative PCR while negative sample wet mount showed that positive PCR and higher percentage of infection the Entamoeba dispar. While the results of the dPCR showed that in spite of the presence of both species Entamoeba pathogenic (Entamoeba histolytica) and non pathogenic Entamoeba (Entamoeba dispar) , the percentage of infection of Entamoeba histolytica was lower than that of Entamoeba dispar. This was clear by the detection of amplification the Reaction producets (dPCR) by using both genes : Actin &Ehcp5 where only 8 samples were detected and they were found to be positive amplification Ehcp5 and 31 samples were positive amplification in both groups of patients (symptomatic and a symptomatic). The percentage of infection in females was higher than that in males for all ages when using both tests (wet mount & PCR). More over the patients with less than (10) years old had higher percentage of infection in both sexes.In conclusion, it should not be depended on direct wet mount technique for the identification of infected parasite Entamoeba histolytica and differentiating it from Entamoeba dispar because of their high homology. That the molecular examination is the only method that is able to determine the kind of infection with parasite Entamoeba

تاثير مستخلص الثوم والرمان على الجرذان المصابة تجريبيا بطفيلي Cryptosporidium parvum ومقارنتها مع عقار Metranidazole == Effect Extract Allium Sativum And Punica Grantium On White Rat Expermental Infection Cryptosporidium Parvum And Comper With Metranidazole

Author name: سرى رزاق خضير عبادة
Supervisor name: نجم عبد الواحد عبد الخضر الجدوع
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%89-ilovepdf-compressed.pdf
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت عينات البراز من الاطفال في مستشفى النسائية والاطفال كذلك جمعت من العجول المصابة حيث اجري فحص العينات بصبغة الزيل نلسن ثم عزلت ونقيت الاكياس بطريقة التطويف بمحلول شيذر السكري وجرعت 2103xكيس بيض لكل جرذ بانبوبة التجريع الفموي وسجلت المدة قبل البائنة من | Collects stool samples from children in the women's and pediatric hospital. also collects all those from infected calves, where he conducts testing samples dye Zail Nelson then isolated and scrubbed bags manner floation solution Shidhir diabetes and gived rat 2 x103 bag eggs per rat tube dosage oral and recorded for the period before dowry of 3 - 5 days as recorded wounding 100%. The result is the appointment of the lethal dose of moderation LD50 of aqueous extracts of the garlic, peel the pomegranate after giving the rats doses graded by the mouth and the results indicate that the dose 7500 mg / kg of body weight is the lethal dose of aqueous extracts of garlic bulbs and dose limits of 5250 mg / kg is the lethal dose to peel pomegranate then tretment using cold aqueous extract to plant garlic. Allium satvuim L. peel and pomegranate Punica granantum L and drug Metronidazole (Flagyl) concentration of 250, 500, 750 mg / kg, the results shows the effectiveness of the current study, the aqueous extracts in the treatment of the parasites it turns out that the time required to kill the parasite suit inversely with the increasing concentration of extracts also show the efficiency of the aqueous extract of garlic bulbs and metronidazole concentration of 750 mg / kg in the treatment of 100% after 13 days of treatment with stops put bags of egg either concentration of 500 mg / kg of aqueous extracts garlic bulbs and metronidazole has shown the efficiency of treatment of by 100 % after 15 days of treatment showed, while the aqueous extract of pomegranate peel concentration 750 mg/kg therapeutic efficiency of 98.41% after 15 days of treatment, while the control group continued to launch until after the egg sacks (15) of treatment. The study shows histopathological section on the small intestine (duodenam, ileum, jejunum) Rats infection parasite get pathological changes represented by the crash of the villi of the small intestine and change epithelium from the vertical to the cube and the adhesion of some of the villi and gatherings of inflammatory cells in layer plate fitted, as well as for necrosis and desquamation of the cells lining the villi also destroyed gland and appeared egg sacks in the intestine result use 2x103 frome egg sacks also appeared effective abstract aqueous garlic in the intestinal tissue to restore its natural form after 15 day use concentration 750 mg/kg of aqueous extract of garlic bulbs and metronidazole while have taken normal sat to tissue treaement with aqueous pomegranate peel long than 15 day. test the effectiveness of aqueous extracts cold of garlic bulbs. Alluium sativum L. and peel pomegranate Punica granantum L in treatment parasite spores Cryptosporidum parvum and compared with the treatment of Metronidazole (Flagyl) in laboratory rats. Conducted on plant extracts cold of garlic and pomagranite the chemical tests have shown the presence of active substances of both alkaloids, carbohydrates, Flavonides, Alglycosidat, Alsaponyat, Alresins, phenolies

دراسة وبائية وسريرية لمرض الجيارديا Giardiasis في اطفال مدينة الشرقاط وضواحيها == Parasitic Study of Giardiasise Among Children In Sharqat City

Author name: علي حمد طلال موسى الجبوري
Supervisor name: حسين ساهر اسود العبيدي | عبد الله حسين عبد الله الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لبيان تاثير طفيلي الجيارديا المعوي على صحة الاطفال في قضاء الشرقاط لـ(250) طفل، تم اختيارهم بصورة عشوائية، اذ تراوحت اعمارهم من شهر - 15 سنة وللمدة ما بين شهر تشرين الاول 2006 لغاية شهر تشرين الاول 2007، تم فحص عينات الغائط من كل طفل بال

دراسة تشخيصية وجزيئية لطفيلي الجيارديا المعوية Giardia intestinalis لدى الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال في محافظة القادسية == Diagnostic And Molecular Study of Giardia Intestinalis In Children Infected With Diarrhea In Al - Qadisiya Province

Author name: لبنى عبد القادر خنياب الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية فحص 926 عينة غائط للاطفال المصابين بالاسهال والمراجعين لمستشفى الديوانية التعليمي ومستشفى الولادة والاطفال، وبعض المراكز الصحية والمختبرات الاهلية في محافظة القادسية خلال المدة ما بين 1/11/2012 الى 30/6/2013 وللفئات العمرية من ?1 - 1 | The current study included examination of 926 stool samples of children with diarrhea who attended to didactic hospital in Al - Diwaniya. The maternity hospital, some health centers and competent laboratories in Al - Qadisiya province during the period from 1/11/2012 to 30/6/2013 and for age range of ? 1 - 12 year exclusively. The current study showed the rate of total infection of Giardia parasite was 5.61% (52 of 926 samples). They were examined by direct wet smear method and floatation method by using light microscope to detect the trophozoite and cyst phases of parasite. It was found in numerous stool samples. The results of samples showed that the infection in males was higher than in females 6.12% and 5.11 % respectively. The age range 2 - 4 years recorded highest incidence of infection and the age range 8 - 10 years recorded the lowest incidence of infection 13.87% and 1.52 % respectively. Also it was recorded higher infection rate in June and the lower infection rate in January 10.37% and 1.92% respectively. It was recorded higher infection rate among the rural population in comparing with urban population 7.07% and 4.45 % respectively. statistical analysis results show a significant differences at(P?0.05). In the present study, Real - Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Giardia parasite infection in microscope positive examined samples where it had record total Infection rate of 73.07% (38 of 52). Statistical analysis of survey results after depending on PCR technique showed significant differences in infection among the age range. The age range 2 - 4 years had recorded the higher infection rate 83.33% while there are no significant differences of infection according sex.It reached in males to 75% in comparing with females 70.83 %, also it did not show significant differences in infection rate according to living areas.It had reached in rural areas to 75.86 % in comparing with urban areas 69.56%. In addition, polymerase chain reaction technique was used (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP - PCR) to determine genotypes of Giardia intestinalis parasite for 20 case from diarrhea positive cases of children in Al - Qadisiya province, by amplifying gene (gdh) glutamate dehydrogenase gene by using specialists primer. They are GDHiF and GDHiR It got the amplification results successfully in all stool samples of 20 and positive examined Real - Time PCR were it had determined the existence of gdh gene of molecular weight of 432bp in all those samples. The study showed that 7 of the previous samples belong to genotype A (35%) and 13 samples belong to genotype B (65%).It showed that all samples of genotype A belong to secondary genotype AII in rate 100%, while samples of genotype B belong to two secondary genotypes, they are BIII (61.53%) and BIV (38.46%). The study showed the appearance of genotype A in the age range under six years, while genotype B in all age range approximately. The distribution of genotypes according to sex and housing it had record both genotypes appeared in both sex with different rate genotype B was more appearance than genotype A in males than females. According to the nature of housing secondary genotype AII had appeared in rate 70% in urban areas, while genotype B with its secondary different genotypes in both areas urban and rural, but with higher rate in rural areas (100 % and 30 % respectively). We had concluded from the current study that there is a close relationship between infection, the sex, age range, nature of settlment and monthly distribution.There are two basic geno types in province, they are A and B, for each of them there aresecondary genotypes AII, BIII, BIV.

دراسة بيئية وتصنيفية للقواقع المائية في مدينة النجف الاشرف وبعض المؤشرات حول حكة السباحين == Taxonomic And Ecological Study of Aquatic Snails In The Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf City And Some Pointers About Swimmer’s Itch

Author name: اسراء عبيد حسين الشبلي
Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة النجف الاشرف تم جمع عينات القوقع من ثلاث محطات ( (منخفض بحر النجف وقضاء المشخاب والعباسية)) للفترة من 1 - 2 - 2013 لغاية 30 - 10 - 2013 وفحصت العينات في مختبر اللافقريات التابع لكلية التربية للبنات لغرض تشخيص الاطوار اليرقي | This study was conducted in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province and the samples were collected from Bahar Al - Najaf, Al - Mashkhab and Al - Abbasia, during the period 1/2/2013 untill 30/10/. The samples were in the laboratory of invertebrates in College of Education for Girls to diagnos the larva stages of Trematodes which parasitize on the aquatic snails with some of the indicators and observations about the causes of Swimmer’s itch disease. The lowest water temperature in AL - Abbasia water was 13?c in February while the highest temberature was recorded in Bahar Al - Najaf 30.4?c in August. The PH ranged between (7 - 8.5).The Electrical Conductivity recorded the lowest rate in February in Al - Abbasia 1.16 Microsimnez / cm and the highest rate in March in Bahar Al - Najaf 5.97 Microsimnez / cm and the salinity concentration was lowest the in February in Al - Abbasia 0.58 ppt, while the highest rate was recorded in March in the Bahar Al - Najaf (2.98) ppt and Turbidity was the lowest rate in Al - Mishkhab in October 2.8 Unit Turbidity nephlometric and the highest rate was in the AL - Abbasia in July (4.42) units Turbidity nephlometric while The Dissolved Oxygen recorded the lowest level in the Al - Abbasia 2 mg / L in August and the highest level in April in Al - Mishkhab 8.5 mg / L. The study showed the presence of five types of snails : Belamia bengalensis, Lymnae auricularia, Physa acuta, Melanopsis nodosa and Melanoides tuberculata. therefore, there are five species of snails in Bahar Al - Najaf while P.acuta was not recorded in Al - Abbasia and Al - Mashkhab in addition, the numbers of the snails varied according to the time, so the B.bengalensis and M.nodosa increased in June, July and August while L.auricularia and P.acuta and M.tuberculata snails increased during spring season. All snails that have been diagnosed were infected with (Miracidium, Sporocyst, Ridia and five types of Cercaria) stages.Also, the highest infection in the M.tuberculata was 36.3%, B.bengalensis 31.3%, M.nodosa 25.4%, L.auricularia 24 % while the snail P.acuta recorded lower infection rate at13.7%. The Results of the questionnaire revaled that the males infection in Swimmer’s itch was 76% higher than females.The highest infection was among (10 - 20 years) it reached 36%, and 39% in fishmen and aquatic birds which is the highest rate compared with others. The highest rate of infection was recorded in August (42 %) a large number of the patients exhibited symptoms of the disease after coming out of the water and dehydration reached 52%.The results showed that 75% of patients showed Symptoms of the Swimmer’s itch after (3 - 7days), also the hands and legs were more susceptible to infection 62 %, and the highest percentage of the S.dermatitis 86% wdetected in person swimming in Shallow water

علاقة مستوى الزنك والنحاس ببعض المعايير المناعية في الاصابة بداء المقوسات في النساء في محافظة كركوك مع محاولة علاجية في الفئران المختبرية == Relation of Zinc And Copper Levels With Some Immunological Markers In Women With Toxoplamosis In Kirkuk Governorate With Trial To Treatment In Mice

Author name: عبير عباس علي
Supervisor name: حسين ساهر اسود العبيدي | شهاب احمد محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة 100امراة مصابة بداء المقوسات Toxoplasmosis الذي يسببه الطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii للفترة من اذار 2007 ولغاية نيسان 2008 راجعن العيادة الاستشارية التابعة لمستشفى كركوك العام في مدينة كركوك. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان 56 % من الن | A total of 100 patients suffering from Toxoplasmosis which is infected by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii have been dealt with as subject of the sample during the period from March 2007 to April 2008 at the Consultant Clinic of Kirkuk General Hospital. The results of the present study showed that 56% of the subjects were pregnant and 44%were not. The highest percentage of the infected subjects was of 26 - 30 years old as 30.37% among the pregnant women and 36.35% among the non - pregnant women of the age mentioned above. The highest percentage 37.5% of abortion of the first period of pregnancy was in pregnant women, and 45.53% in non - pregnant women. The results of the study also showed more cases of infected women among those who bred animals in their living places as 69%. It is also found that the highest percentage of the infected women 64% were of those who use the running water for drinking. Moreover, it is noticed that there is an increase in the percentage of the infected women among the uneducated women 38%. The study showed that the percentage of the infection is proportional to residence 63%, the infection increase among women living in rural areas. The percentage of T - lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients were also measured through measuring the percentage of the CD4+ and CD8+cells by using fluorescent microscope.The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in this type of cells.The rate of percentage of CD4+ of the patient's were 31.704±0.116 while the rate of CD4+ in the peripheral blood of the control group was 62.260±0.237.The rate of percentages of CD8+ 19.382±0.080, whereas it was 31.680±0.307 of the control group.The rates of the percentages of CD4+ to CD8+ were also measured, the results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the rate of the percentage in the patient's group 1.642 while it was 1.968 in the control group. The statistic analysis showed significant differences between these tow groups (p<0.05). The intensity of Zinc and Copper has been measured in the serum of the infected women via use of Atomic absorption instrument, a significant decrease (p <0.05) appeared in the rate of Zinc intensity in the serum on the infected women as compared with the control group.The rate of the intensity in patient's group was 4.65% ± 2.628µmol /l while in the control group it was 15.353± 1.640 µmol /l.A significant increase (p<0.05)was also noticed in the intensity of Copper in the patient's group (28.589±4.335 µmol /l)whereas it was 12.854±1.501 µmol /l in the control group. The index of the specific antibodies IgM and IgG related to Toxoplasma gondii was measured by ELISA method, a significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the value of IgM and IgG in the patient's group as compared with the control group. The rate of index for IgM in the patient's group was 1.354±0.05 while it was 0.163±0.05 in the control group. The rate of value of IgG in the patient's group was 1.163±0.074 whereas it was 0.358±0.033 in the control group. In the present study, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated and diagnosed from human as first attempt, and then the infection was created in laboratory mice as an essential step for growing the parasite. The second step was studying the effect of some selected drugs on the experimental treatment for disease of toxoplasmosis created in the mice. The drugs are : Pyrimethamin, Clarithromycin, Spiramycin, Ivermectin.The results of the study showed the effects of these drugs on the tissue cyst formed in the brain and lungs. The number of tissue cysts in the brain of the mouse treated with pyrimethamin was 14.8 ±1.067 after 28 days. Significant differences appeared when this result compared with the control group in which it was 27.4±1.029. The number of tissue cysts formed in lung, tissue in the mouse treated with the same drug after the same period of the time was 6.2±0.583.This showed a significant differences as compared with the control group in which it was 10.2±0.583. No significant differences appeared between both groups as for the treatment by Clarithromycin antibiotic as far as the number of the tissue cysts formed in the brain after 28 days is concerned. The number was 23.8 ±0.86 as compared with the control group 38.6±1.029.The same compared is true of the lungs, tissue. The number of the tissue cysts was 23.8±0.86 as compared with the control group 28.4±1.805. Concerning the antibiotic Spiramycin, the results showed the effectiveness of it in decreasing the tissue cysts formed in the brain.The significant differences were (p<0.05), the rate of the cysts was 9.6±0.6 as compared with the control group in which it was 22.8±1.067.The same effectiveness appeared on the lungs, tissue as the rate of tissue cysts after 28 days of treatment was 4.6±0.509 as compared with the control group in which was 17±1.14 and the significant differences were (p=0.000).The Ivermectin drug showed a great effectiveness in minimizing the number of the tissue cysts formed in the brain and the lungs. The numbers of the tissue cysts formed after 28 days were 3.2±0.374 and 1±0.316 respectively; significant differences are observed when these numbers are compared with the numbers of the control group which were 22±1.843 and 19.4±1.435. Thus, the use of Ivermectin drug is considered as a pioneer and fruitful study since this drug has not been used for the treatment of Toxoplasmosis.

دراسة بعض مظاهر امراضية الخمج بالمتحولة النسيجية بين الاشخاص في مدينة سامراء == A Stud Y of Some Aspects of Entamoeba Histolytica Pathogenicity Among Peoples In Samarra

Author name: صلاح عبد حسن السامرائي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم شعبان داوود | حسين ساهر اسود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: شملت هذه الدراسة فحص (540) عينة براز من المصابين بالاسهال والمراجعين لمستشفى سامراء العام وذلك خلال الفترة الممتدة بين 1/10/2007الى 1/6/2008 فحصت العينات بطريقة المسحة المباشرة المزدوجة للكشف عن الاطوار الخضرية والمتكيسة لطفيلي اميبا الزحار. واظهرت النتائ | The current study dealt with examination of (540) stool samples for patients with diarrhea who visited the General Hospital of Samarra during 1/10/2007 - 1/6/2008. The samples were examined by double wet direct smear method to identify the trophozoite and cyst stages of Entamoeba histolytica. The results showed that (112) were infected with amoebic dysentery. The total rate was (20.74 %). (262) are males with a rate of infection (19.84 %), whereas, the number of females was (278) with an infection rate (21.58 %). The study showed an increase rate of infection among the rural population, it was (25.71 %), whereas the urban population rate was (16.6 %). The study covered all ages beginning from less than a year to 75 years old. A highest rate of infection was recorded by (10 - 19) years old, it was (29.4%). The study also, found out that a highest rate of infection was during school months, particularly during November (27.5 %). Examinations of complete blood picture which included Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cells volume (PCV), white blood cells count (WBCc), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were done on all patients infected with amoebic dysentery. The results were compared with those of healthy ones (Control Group). The results showed significant differences between the two groups. According to the significant one (P < 0.05), it recorded a decrease (16.9%) in the (PCV) and (25.1%) in the (Hb) and an increase (241.8%) in the (ESR) and (51.5%) in the (WBCc) for those ones infected with amoebic dysentery if compared with the control group. Clinical biochemistry examinations were performed, on blood sugar (Bs), electrolytes such as Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), liver functions tests : total serum bilirubine(TSB), tranceaminase enzyme(GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphetase (AlP), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb). The results showed that there are significant differences between persons infected with amoebic dysentery and the healthy ones according to the significant level (P < 0.05) in these examinations. The study showed a decrease(21.6%) in the (Bs) mean concentration, (16.8%) in the(K+) mean concentration, (5.8%) in the(Ca++) mean concentration, (4.5%)in the (Mg++) mean concentration, (10.5 %) in the (Na+) mean concentration , (17.2%) in the (TP) mean concentration and(12.2%) in the (Alb) mean concentration and increase (83.7%) in the (Alp) mean concentration, (52.1%) in the(TSB) mean concentration, (81.1%)in the (GPT) mean concentration, (59.9%)in the (GOT) mean concentration and(22.8%) in the (globulin) mean concentration in the persons infected with amoebic dysentery compared with the mean concentrations in healthy ones control group.

تحديد تجمعات Giardia lamblia ومعقد Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar بالتشخيص الجزيئي (PCR) للمصابين في تكريت == Determination of Giardia Lamblia Assemblages And Entamoeba Histolytica/Entamoeba Dispar Complex By Molecular Diagnosis (Pcr) In Patient In Tikrit

Author name: انتصار غانم عبد الوهاب الصميدعي
Supervisor name: شهاب احمد محمد الجبوري | عقيل حسين العاصي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من كانون الثاني 2011 ولغاية كانون الاول 2011 للمرضى الراقدين والمراجعين لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي وبعض المختبرات الخاصة في مركز المدينة وضواحيها والذين يعانون اعراض مرضية مختلفه ولفئات عمرية مختلفة ترواحت بين اقل من سنة الى 61 سنة، ح | This study was conducted for the period started from January 2011 until December 2011 on inpatients and outpatients of Tikrit educational hospital and some private laboratories at Tikrit city and surrounded suburbs. Symptoms of different diseases among various age groups varies between less than one year to 61 years. The tests used the (ELISA & PCR) and the analysis of the PCR - RFLP to discriminate the infection by assemblage of Giardia lamblia and differentiate between pathogenic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica and nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar compared with microscopical examination. The result of present study showed that (75) person who represent (37.5%) were infected by Giardia lamblia and (75) person who represent (37.5%) were infected by E.histolytica/E.dispare complex, out of (200) stool samples which have been tested by microscopical examination. Epidemiological study showed no significant difference among the sex for the two species parasites whereas a high percentage for infection recorded in group at age (1? - 10) year for Giardia lamblia and E.histolytica / E.dispar complex reach to (60%, 36%) respectively. Regarding the place of living Giardia lamblia in rural area showed infection rate of (19.5 %), while infection rate by E.histolytica/E.dispar complex reaches (22.5%) in urban area. Statistical analysis shows a high difference of significance according the source of water supply. Tap water showed high incidence for initiating infection which reaches to (93.3%) by G.lamblia and (90%) for E.histolytica/E.dispar complex. For the infection rates and their relationship to the educational level, the results show that the highest rates of infection recorded in non - educated (52%) and (73.3%) of Giardia lamblia and E.histolytica / E.dispar complex, respectively. Depending on the sample texture, the result show that oily diarrhea is more correlate with infection reaches to (33.3%) of Giardia lamblia and the watery diarrhea form 40% by E.histolytica / E.dispar complex, while simultaneous occurrence of both symptom (colic and loss of appetite) are the most symptom synchronized with infection records (44%) for Giardia lamblia and (36%) for E.histolytica / E.dispar complex. The percentage of infection by Giardia Lamblia in this study depends on the test results of the ELISA was (20%), while the percentage of infection E.histolytica/E.dispar complex was (6.7%). Testing has shown sensitivity compared to microscopic examination reaches to (22.6%) and (8%) for both parasite respectively, while the test showed a high specificity which reaches the rate (93.3%) and (100%) for both parasites respectively. Result of PCR showed a percentage of infection by E.dispar about (32%) (64 sample) from the total samples, whereas it does register any cases infection by E.histolytica. By counting the results of the PCR for the three genes (ssu rRNA + TPIA + GDH) they show a total infection by Giardia lamblia which was (10.5%) (21 samples). This study recorded percentage of infection Giardia lamblia depending on the result of the three Genes separately amounted to (4%), (5%), (3%) for (ssu rRNA, TPIA, GDH) respectively. According to the result of the analysis PCR - RFLP for GDH gene by using the enzyme NIaIV, it did not record any infection by Giardia lamblia (assemblage A), whereas (6 samples) recorded (100) by Giardia lamblia (assemblage B), by using the enzyme Rsal to determine the secondary assemblage shows that the total (6 samples) infected there are 5 samples carrying infection by two type of secondary assemblage returning to the assemblage B (assemblage BIII +BIV) and only one sample infected with (assemblage BIV). To determine the assemblage and secondary assemblage for the parasite result compared with amplification of TPIA gene with lysis by enzyme for the resulting amplification for GDH gene, resulting a ratio of (14.3%) for a sample infection by both assemblage (A+B) and secondary assemblage (BIII+BIV) together, and a ratio of (57.14%) infection by assemblage A only and (21.4%) infection by secondary assemblage (BIII+BIV) together and (7.14%) infection by BIV only.

دراسة بعض التاثيرات المرضية للدودة الدبوسية Enterobius vermicularis لدى الاطفال في محافظة النجف == The Study of Some Pathologaical Effects of Pin Worm Enterobius Vermicularis Among The Children In Al - Najaf Province

Author name: ساهرة عايد عبد الصاحب الموسوي
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للمدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2011 الى شهر تموز 2012, لمعرفة تاثير الدودة الدبوسية Enterobius vermicularis في بعض المعايير الدموية والكيموحيوية والسريرية لدى الاطفال المصابين بالدودة (12 - 4سنة). استخدمت طريقة الشريط اللاصق الاسكتلندي في | The present study was conducted during the period from November 2011 to July 2012, to evaluat the effect of the pin worm Enterobius vermicularis on the Hematological, biochemical and chlinical parameters in infected children (4 - 12 year).This study included 300 patient from both sexes and different ages. The Scotch Cellulose Tape Technique used for the examination of pin worm in children, attended Al - Sader Educational Hospital, Al - Zahraa hospitals and central laboratory in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraff city. The results of the sudy showed a significant decrease was noticed in Hb and PVC in infected person compared with the control group While there was a significant increase in each of the total number of white blood cells and Eosinophils and Neutrophile and a decrease in Lymphocyte, and it did not show any significant difference in the Basophilis and Monocyte in children infected with pin worm compared with the control group.The results of the study showed a significant increase in the levels of Nitric Oxide, Malondialdehyde, it also showed a significant decrease in the levels of Gluthanione in the infected group compared with the control group. The concentration of Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Vitamine B12 were low in children infected with pin worm compared with the control group. The high incidence rate of infection accompined with patient suffering from pruritus ani and nocturnal enuresis. The age group (10 - 12) year represent the highest group infected with the worm.The education level influence the distribution of these worm among un educated families, and ratio of infection increase in male and female in families which contain more than (10) members with significant difference P<0.05 and this ratio decreased in children in families which contain between 3 - 4 members.This study did not show any significance defferent in infection among the ratio of infection between male and female under P<0.05.

التحري عن طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii في الطيور الداجنة في منطقة الفرات الاوسط والقطط في محافظة الديوانية باستخدام التقنيات المصلية والجزيئية == Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii In Domestic Avian In Middle Euphrates Region And Cats In Al - Diwania Province By Serological And Molecular Techniques

Author name: خديجة عبيس حمود الخالدي
Supervisor name: خيري عبد الله داود العكيلي | هادي مدلول الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية الكشف عن طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondiiفي اربع انواع من الطيور ضمت الدجاج المحلي Gallus gallus domesticus والديك الروميMeleagri galbpavol والاوز الاربد Anser anser والبط المحلي Anas platyrhychos domesticus في منطقة الفرات ا | The current study was conducted to detect of Toxoplasma gondii in five species of avian including, Gallus gallus domesticus, Meleagris galbpavol, Anser anser, Anasplatyrhychos domesticus in middle Euphrates provinces of Iraq, also in cats in AL - Diwania province, during 2011 - 2013 by using serological tests (Latex, Rapid test cassette) and molecular test (conventional - PCR and Nested - PCR) as confirmative tests to detect of B1gene which was specific gene of T.gondii in blood and Tissue samples of different organs such as Liver, Heart, Brain, Eye, Lung, Pectoral muscles, Small intestine, Spleen, and Leg muscles of avian and cats which were seropositive cases of Rapid test cassette, also the study was included the detection Oocysts of T.gondii in soil samples of ten cities from Al - Diwania province by using sedimentation and floatation methods as primarily diagnosis, also using the polymerase chain reaction to detect of B1gene in these samples. A total of 320 Avian collected, include 80 samples of each species (20 samples of chicken, Turkey, geese, and Ducks) of each province of middle Euphrates (AL - Diwania, Babylon, AL - Najaf and Karbala), in addition to 10 samples of cats and 100 samples of soil from the center of AL - Diwania province, samples of avian and cats were involved to serological test such as LAT, the results showed there were 96 positive samples in percentage %30, include, 31(%38.75) of chicken, 28 (%35) of turkey, 22 (%27.5) of geese, 15 (%18.75) of ducks and 5 (%50) of cats, the higher Percentage (%23.95) of infection with T. gondii in avian was in titer 1/160 and the lower percentage (%3.73) in titer 1/640, Whereas in cats, the higher percentage in titer 1/20 and lower percentage in titers 1/40, 1/80, 1/160 which reaches %20. The results of Rapid test cassette were showed there were 60 out of 320 samples in percentage %18.75, include 24 (%30) of chicken, 19 in (%23.75) of turkey, 10(%12.5) of geese, 7(% 8.75) of duck and 3(%30) of cats. Also the results of Rapid test cassette were showed the higher percentage of types of antibodies in the serum of avian was %36.66 of IgG +IgM together and the lower percentage was %28.33 of IgM, whereas in cats, the higher percentage was %66.66 of IgG and the lower percentage was %33.34 of IgG +IgM together. To confirm the infection of avian by T.gondii, Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the B1 gene (399 bp) in 320 blood samples of avian and 10 samples of cats, the results were showed there were 34 samples (%10.62) of avian gave positive result, include, 14 (%17.5) of chicken, 12 (%15) of Turkey, 8 (%10) of geese, whereas the results were showed the B1 gene was not present in the blood samples of ducks and cats. The results of Latex, Rapid test cassette and polymerase Chain Reaction were showed, the higher percentage was recorded in chicken % 17.5, %30, %35, whereas the lower percentages were %18.75, %8.75, %0 in D ucks by using the three tests, respectively. According to the results of Rapid test cassette (IgG, IgM +IgG), the results of polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the B1 gene in 16 samples of avian (4 samples of each species) out of 39 samples and 3 samples of cats, showed there were 9 samples (%56.25), include 4 (%100) of chickens, 3(%75) of turkey, 1(%25) of geese, and 2(%66.66) of cats and the higher percentage of B1gene (399bp) in livers of avian was %55.55, %22.22 in pectoral muscles then heart, spleen and small intestine in percentage %11.11 for each one of them, whereas in cats the percentage were % 66.66 in liver while in brain and kidney the percentage was %33.34 of each one of them.. The results of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for amplification the gene B1 in 12 blood samples (4 samples of each species of birds except ducks) was positive for conventional - PCR, Showed the amplification occurs in 4 samples in percentage % 33.33 during the first round of reaction and 3 samples in percentage %75 in the second round, in 10 samples of tissues, the amplification occurred in 6 samples in percentage %60 during the first round and in 4 samples in percentage % 66.66 during the second round of reaction. Also the results were showed the percentage of T.gondii antibodies in serum of four types of avian (except pigeons) according to the provinces were %28.75 in AL - Diwania, %40 (Higher percentage) in Babylon, %12.5(Low percentage) in AL - Najaf and %38.75 in Karbala by latex test, whereas the percentages %26.25 (higher percentage), %10 (lower percentage), %12.25, %17.5 in each of Karbala, AL - Najaf, Babylon, AL - Diwania province respectively by Rapid test cassette, and by using polymerase chain reaction, the percentages were %16. 25 (Higher percentage), %5(Lower percentage), %6.25, %15 in AL - Diwania, Babylon, AL - Najaf and Karbala province, respectively. Also the results showed, the percentage of infection in AL - Diwania province the samples of rural areas were higher (%37.5, %22.5, %17.5) whereas the percentages were lower (%20, %12.5, %12.5) in urban areas by using latex, rapid test cassette, and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results of comparison between two serological tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction, showed the percentages of infection were % 10.62 (34), %18.75 (60), %30 (96) by using Polymerase chain reaction, Rapid test cassette, latex test, respectively, also the sensitivity and specificity of latex test were %35, %72 whereas the sensitivity and specificity of Rapid test cassette were %35, %88, respectively in compared with standard Polymerase Chain Reaction. In the soil samples, the percentage of presence of Oocysts of T.gondii was %10 by using floatation method and %4 by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The study of grossly and microscopy pathological changes in avian and cats which infected with T. gondii, was showed there were lesions on each of liver, heart, pectoral muscles, small intestine, brain and kidney.

دراسة تشخيصية وتصنيفية لطفيليات الديك الرومي Meleagris gallopavo في محافظة القادسية == Diagnostic And Taxoaomical Study of Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) Parasites In Al - Qadisiya Province

Author name: هند عبد الزهرة عبد الكاظم الشباني
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: خلال المدة ما بين بداية شهر ايلول 2014 ونهاية ايار 2015 جمع وفحص 50 طيرا من الديك الرومي Meleagris gallopavo من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة القادسية في مختبرات الكلية بهدف عزل الطفيليات الخارجية والداخلية المتطفلة على هذه الطيور وتشخيصها فضلا عن دراسة نسبة الا | The current study carried out during the period between the first of the September 2014 end of May 2015.fifty birds of domestic turkey Meleagris gallopavo was collected from different areas of Al - Diwaniya city markets, to isolating and identification the external and internal parasites parasitized on these birds as well as study the incidence and intensity and the most important pathological and histological changes resulting from external and intestinal infections, Six species of external parasites was isolated included four species of biting lice Gonoiocotes gallina, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus straminus and Oxylipeurus sp. The infection rate and severity of 10%, 6.81.4%, 4.72.2, %, 54.2%, 0.09, respectively, and Two species of Ticks are Argus persicus and Haemophysalis sp. Nymph. and the rate of infection was 2%, 0.36; 2%, 0.24 : respectively. The results showed that the triple infection of lice are the most common, (63.63%.) While internal parasites that 9 species of intestinal parasitic worms in the digestive system included two species of Protozoa Eimeria sp. and Histomonas meleagridis The infection rate and intensity was14%, 4.20 0.2%, 0.14, respectively, Four species of tape worms Railletina cesticillus, Railletina tetragona. Choanoyania infundibulum and Hymenolepis sp.The intensity of infaction was 2%, 100.2% 53.284, 4, 00, 2% 2%, 0.42; respectively, Three species of nematodes Ascardia gallinarum, Capillaria sp. and Heterakis gallinarum and severity of infection was 21.73%, 1.2; 2% 0.100; 17.79%, 1.25; respectively. The study showed the presence of internal parasitic worms sites in the gastrointestinal tract it was observed that most of tapeworms parasitize in the small intestine and rates higher than what is found in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and the protozoa are found in the liver and small intestine. The nematodes are also found in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, including both of the small intestine and the large intestine and esophagus. The species Haemophysalis sp. and Oxylipeurus sp. and helminths Raillietina cesticillus, Raillietina tetragona, Choanotania infundibulum, Hymenolepis sp. Ascardia gallinarum, Capillaria sp.Heterakis gallinarum. and Eimeria sp. were the first recording in turkeys in Iraq. Also the current study showed a many of gross and microspcopic pathological changes caused by lice in infected birds, such as lethargy, laziness and sagging wings and nervous tension and break the feathers and hair loss, as well as change the color of the skin also appeared many of the macroscopic and microscopic changes in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of, intestinal worm included changes macroscopic obstruction and hemorrhagic bruises and blood infiltration The microscopic changes have included the infiltration of inflammatory cells Nicrosis and abstraction of cells lining the of these channels and the proliferation of Kubffer cells and expansion in sinosoids and atrophy of the villi tissue.

تشخيص طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية بتقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل RT - PCR في محافظة واسط - العراق == Diagnosis of Trichomonas Vaginalis Using Real - Time Pcr Technique In Wasit Province - Iraq

Author name: رسل واسط كاظم
Supervisor name: عبد السادة عبد العباس راهي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: في الدراسة الحالية، نصف طريقة سلسلة تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل للكشف عن DNA محدد من طفيلي المشعرات المهبلية في الفحص السريع لتقنية الوقت الحقيقي لسلسلة تفاعل البلمرة. وتقييم مدى انتشار داء المشعرات وفقا مع دراسة العوامل المختلفة التي تؤثر على داء المشعرات الم | This study was involved the describe of an existing PCR method for specific detection of Tichomonas vaginalis DNA into a rapid real - time PCR assay, and to evaluated the recent prevalence of trichomoniasis accordance with studying different factors that affect on vaginal trichomoniasis in females complaining of vaginal discharge.Vaginal swab samples were collected from 401 patients attending two public hospitals and three private clinic in the Al - Kut city. Demographic data, clinical and socioeconomic status were collected from the patients using a structured questionnaire. Total genomic DNA was isolated from 60 samples of vaginal swab randomly chosen to specific detection of T. vaginalis DNA into a rapid real - time PCR.All samples were examined by the direct microscopic examination (wet mount and Giemsa - stained smear). Their ages were ranging from 14 - 63 years. The vaginal swabs examined by wet mount and Real Time - PCR to detect the presence of T. vaginalis. The pH strips were used to detect the vaginal acidity.Of the 60 women, 13 were positive by Real Time - PCR giving the prevalence rate of (21 67%) with sensitivity, specificity and accurate rate 100% and the direct microscopic examination (wet mount and Giemsa - stained smear) show 5/60 (8.33%) positive case while 55/60 (91.67%) gave a negative result with a sensitivity and specificity, and accuracy (38.5%) (100%) (86.7%).Women aged (24 - 33)years had significantly higher prevalence of trichomoniasis (46.1%) than other age groups.Married women had the highest percentage of trichomoniasis (76.9%), comparing with widowed women (7.7%) and divorced women (15.4). With statistical significant difference between these groups. Uneducated women had significantly higher rate of T.vaginalis infection (76.9%) than educated women (23.1%). Statistical significant difference was detected between these groups.Pregnant women showed a higher infection rate 7(53.8%) than non - pregnant 6 (46.2%).Women with vaginal pH (6 - 7), (5 - 6) had significantly higher rate of infection (53.8% and 38.5%) respectively.Women who used (loop and the oral contraceptive pills) contraception had the lower rate of infection(23.1%) than those not using any contraception (67.9%). Statistical significant difference was detected between these two groups.The highest percentage 2(66.67%) was found among women with T. vaginalis who used contraception for >2 years.The higher percentage of infected with T. vaginalis parasite was found in bad odor or fish odor vaginal discharge which was noted (76.9%) of infected women with T. vaginalis. Statistical significant difference was detected between these groups. Women with Frothy discharge color showed higher significantly percentage of infection 7(53.8%) than other with Yellow to green and bloody discharge and Clear discharge 3(23.1%), 2(15.4%) and 1(7.7) respectively.Multipara women revealed the highest rate of trichomoniasis (46.15%). No statistical significant difference was detected between infection and parity.T.vaginalis was more commonly seen in women with frequency of sexual intercourse 2 - 3 time per week 5 (50%) cases. The lowest incidence was detected among those who had sexual intercourse once per month 1 (10%), with statistical significance among these variables. T.vaginalis was found to be predominant among housewives (69.23%) than employees (30.77%).Fertilizing women were showed higher 9(69.2%) T. vaginalis infection than non - fertile women 4(30.8%).The high incidence of T.vaginalis infection was found among rural females 8 (61.5%), followed by urbanized females 5 (38.5%).

تقييم فعالية المستخلص المائي والكحولي لنبات الصبار Aloevera في الاصابة التجريبية لطفيلي Eimeria tenella لدى فروج اللحم == Evaluationof Alcoholic Andwateryextracts Efficacyofaloe Veraon Experimental Infectedbroilerwitheimeriatenella

Author name: زهراء حاتم حميدي عبود الكعبي
Supervisor name: هيثم محمد حمادي العوادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على (216) فرخ دجاج نوع Rose 308مصاب بطفيلي Emiria tenella خلال المدة من شهر نيسان 2013 الى شهر تشرين الاول 2013, وقد تم في الدراسة الحالية تحديد بعـــــــــض المؤشــــــــــــــرات الدمــــوية (الخلايا المتغايرة /الخلايا اللمفاوية HL | This study was conducted to (216) broilers chickens (Rose 308 Trade) infected parasite with Eimeria tenella performed form April 2013 till October 2013, has been in the current study to identify some indicators of blood(Heterophils/ Lymphocytes, White Blood Cell, Red Blood Cell, Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin) and biochemistry (Glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and productive performance (Weight increase, Food conservation, Cansumbtion and Body weight befor slugtery) , We note at the parasite has infected chicks were used three extracts of Aloe vera (alcoholic and hot water and cold water), dosage chicks were to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of these extracts on the productivity and physiological traits mentioned above. Then the experiment was designed, which include the following : 1 - The first group (control group) included 36 chicks and was given food with no anti - coccidial. 2 - The second group include 36 chicks in duplicate was infected but did not treated.3 - The third group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Alcoholic ethyl in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.4 - The fourth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Cold water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.5 - The fifth group inclouded 36 chicks in duplicate was given extract of Aloe vera Hot water in adose of (0.5 - 1.5 - 2)gm per mm body weight.6 - The sixth group include 36 chicks in duplicate was given Vetacox(trade Mark)that had both Sulphadimidin 80 gm and Diverdin8 gm.Results showed the following : - 1 - The alcoholic extract of Aloe vera at concentration (0.5, 1.5, 2) g/ml after an infection in the fifth week revealed alittle effect on the H/L when compared with eighth week of infection. also this extract lead to increase, the rate of (PCV), (Hb) , and (RBC) while lead to decrease the rate of (WBC) after eighth week of infection at concentration (2)g/ml. Also this extract lead to increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein and the rate of weight increased in the eighth week, while the amount of feed intake and feed conversion showed alittle effect, as well as the body weight befors slaughter has astrong effect at concentration(2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. 2 - The cold and hot aquatic extract of Aloe vera at concentration(2)g/ml lead to decrease the ratio of H/L and increase the rate of (PCV), (Hb) and (RBC) after the infection in the eighth week, also lead to decreas the rate of (WBC) and increase the rate of cholesterol, total protein, the rate of weight increased, the amount of feed intake and the body weight before slaughter at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection. Also recorded abetter efficiency of feed conrersion at concentration (2)g/ml in the eighth week of infection.
1 ... 5 6 7 8 9 ... 12