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تقليل استهلاك القدرة في تصميم دوائر السيموس المتكاملة بالاعتماد على الخوارزمية الجينية == POWER MINIMIZATION IN CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DESIGN BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM

Author name: علي طويج شاهين
Supervisor name: سليم محمد رضا طه
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تصميم تقسيم مساحة نظام الارسال الضوئي لنظم الاتصالات == Design And Implementation Of Optical Space Division Multiplexer For Tera (B/S) Communication Systems

Author name: مصدق ماهر عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: ابراهيم عبد الله حمزة الشمري
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اتصالات الالياف البصرية هي العمود الفقري للبنية التحتية للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية التي تدعم شبكة الانترنت. النظام الاحادي الالياف المستخدم لنقل البينات لم يعد يلبي طلب الحصول على القدرة العالية والمتنامية بشكل مستمر. هناك العديد من الطرق الممكنة لزياد | Optical fiber communication system is considered as the backbone for the infrastructure of telecommunications that handles the internet. The exponentially growing capacity is no longer satisfied by using transmission of single mode fiber. There are several possible methods for increasing transmission capacity over fixed bandwidth. These include mix many signals with optical - carrier onto a one optical fiber by achieving various wavelengths, modulation employing different amplitude levels, and two orthogonal subcarriers and polarization. An extra dimension that a fiber can offer for achieving more information is space.This project demonstrates simulation systems for Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) transmission system using Few - Mode Fiber (FMF). Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) techniques are also used in this system to increase total system data rate. For the ultra - high capacity need of SDM, Few Mode Fiber (FMF) was proposed as SDM best technology for obtaining ultra - high bit rate systems with long haul transmission. Inter - mode losses that appears in higher - order - modes was the most problem to be resolved. In this thesis, the description and design of three SDM systems were explored by using both QPSK and 16QAM modulation formats : single channel SDM system with PDM technique, 8 - DWDM channels over 7 modes SDM/PDM system, and 16 - DWDM channels over 10 modes SDM/PDM system proposed as future of ultra - high capacity optical system.By using 16QAM format and bit rate per channel of 40Gb/s, the maximum long reach of our designed single channel SDM/PDM system is 1020Km. A transmission reach of 760Km was achieved for 8 - WDM - 7modes - SDM/PDM system and 260 Km for 16DWDM - 10modes - SDM/PDM. At QPSK modulation format the maximum demonstrated reach was 1460 Km for single channel SDM/PDM system. A long - haul transmission of 1080 Km was recorded for 8 - WDM channels - 7modes - SDM/PDM system and 510 Km for 16 - DWDM channels - 10modes - SDM/PDM system.The total bit rate of single channel - 3modes SDM/PDM system was 240G/s at 40Gb/s bit rate per channel. The total bit rate was achieved by using 8 - DWDM channels - 7modes SDM/PDM system is 4.48 Tb/s at 40Gb/s. The highest bit rate was achieved by using 16DWDMchannels - 10modes SDM/PDM system so that the total achieved bit rate is nearly 12.8Tb/s.Chromatic Dispersion (CD) compensator using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) was proposed to compensate chromatic dispersion losses. Frequency and phase estimators were proposed in the designed systems to remove frequency offset and phase change by using Viterbi and Viterbi algorithms.Adaptive MIMO equalizer using constant modulus algorithms was proposed to compensate deferential group delay, polarization mode dispersion, and other losses simultaneously. Numerical results demonstrated that the methods are very effective in compensating the narrow band filtering and are very robust to channel estimation noise.The demonstrated systems were designed and tested by using (VPI transmission maker v.9.5) powerful software package.SDM techniques provided us with an important source to obtain more system flexibility, scalability, and capacity.

تصميم مضاعف تناظري خطي محسن بنطاق واسع يعمل باربعة ارباع == Design Of Improved Wideband Linear Four Quadrant Analog Multiplier

Author name: رسل صلاح خضير
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم مخيف عبيس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: استخدمت المضاعفات التناظرية على نطاق واسع في دوائر الاتصالات والشبكات العصبية ككاشفات للطور ومضاعفات للتردد ودوائر لمزج الاشارات والتضمين وفك التضمين. في التطبيقات التقليدية مثل دوائرالتضمين تعتبر ترددات التشغيل والسلوك الخطي للانظمة والمديات المسموح بها | Analog multipliers have been widely exploited in communication circuitries, phase detectors, neural networks, frequency multipliers, mixers, and modulation and demodulation circuits. In conventional applications, such as modulation circuits, the linearity, frequency of operation, and input voltage ranges are issues of great importance for multipliers. This work targeted these issues through the design of two types of four quadrant analog multipliers operating in wideband frequency ranges and having very high linearity with input and output voltage ranges of ±10V.The first wideband four - quadrant analog multiplier is designed using wideband squaring and operational amplifier (OPAMP) circuits. The wideband OPAMP is designed using 10 NMOS transistors based on 0.35 µm NMOS technology with supply voltages of ?12V. The wideband OPAMP has exhibited an open loop voltage gain of 3336545. The squaring circuit is built using two NMOS transistors and two wideband OPAMPs. The first wideband multiplier is built using two identical squaring circuits, two difference amplifiers, and one summing amplifier. It is characterized by high input - output linearity range of - 10 V to +10 V for both inputs, ±10 V input and output voltage ranges, and cutoff frequency of about 5 GHz. The second wideband four quadrant analog multiplier is designed using NPN bipolar junction transistors. It is built with two main circuits, which are the multiplier cell and the output circuit. The multiplier cell is built using a modified Gilbert multiplier, while the output circuit is a high gain circuit designed for changing the differential output of the multiplier cell to a single output having a voltage range of ±10 V. The multiplier circuit is designed with supply voltages of ?12 V. It is characterized by high input - output linearity range of - 10 V to +10 V for both inputs, ±10 V input and output voltage ranges, and cutoff frequency of about 1 GHz.Both multipliers are designed and tested on PSpice in ORCAD / Version 16.6.

بناء معيد ترميز تكراري شبه مثالي للاشارات المرمزة المعتمدة على مخطط تانر == Implementation Of Modified Suboptimal Iterative Decoding For Tanner - Graph Based Coded Signals

Author name: محمد ثامر نصر
Supervisor name: احمد عبد الكاظم حمد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: في هذا العمل, تم اقتراح خوارزميتين لتحسين اداء معيد الترميز التكراري التجميعي. الاول انجز باضافة رموز ارشاد بين سيل البيانات التي تدخل الى المرمز. في هذه الطريقة, رموزالارشاد ترمز مع البيانات المدخلة (رموز الارشاد المرمزه او الداخليه) مقارنة بالطريقة الاع | In this work, two algorithms were suggested in order to improve the performance of systematic RA decoding. The first one was accomplished by the insertion of pilot symbols between the data stream that entering the encoder. In this way the pilot symbols are encoded along with the input data (encoded or internal pilots) in contrast to the usual way where pilots are inserted after encoding (unencoded or external pilots). The positions where pilots should be inserted are chosen in such a way that to improve the minimum Hamming distance and/or to reduce the error coefficients of the code. Moreover, the known pilots have higher reliability than data and can significantly improve the initial decoding.The second proposed algorithm includes the utilization of the inserted pilots to estimate scaling (correction) factors. Two - dimensional (2D) correction system was suggested in order to enhance the performance of traditional Minimum - Sum (MS) decoding of regular RA codes. By calculating the mean square difference (MSD) between the values of received pilots and the a - posteriori data of bit and check node related to them, which are created by the MS decoder, an adaptive method can be achieved for getting the correction factors.Since encoded pilots in systematic RA code are embedded in data, it is possible to puncture all or part of them to increase the code rate. The pilots still have their effect on increasing the minimum Hamming distance.Extensive simulation tests reveal that the suggested quasi - optimal algorithms supply error performance be able to compare as Sum - Product (SP) decoding whilst maintain less complexity. Practical experiments are carried out by utilizing the capability of data acquisition toolbox supported by MATLAB to provide a hardware interface with the computer sound card. Here, the sound card plays the role of ADC and DAC converter in the physical layer. A different graphical user interfaces (GUI) are designed for the transmitting and receiving terminals to facilitate the selection of different code options. Signals are transmitted over wireless channel using a 2.4 GHz band indoor audio tranceiver. According to the aquired results, the modified coding system outperforms the original one when it is tested over AWGN and fading channels. An improvement may be realized about 1.5 dB and 1.3 dB at BER=?10?^( - 5) for punctured and unpunctured systematic (50,35,3,7) code with adaptive scaling, with three encoded pilots over AWGN channel and about 3.4 dB and 3.3 dB at BER=?10?^( - 4) for punctured and unpunctured systematic (50,35,3,7) code with constant scaling, with two encoded pilots over fading channel.

حساب توزيع الطاقة الممتصة في راس الانسان باستخدام نطاق الفرق الزمني المحدد لانظمة الاتصالات المتنقلة == Computation Of Sar Distribution In Human Head For Cellurlar Mobile Communication Systems Using Fdtd

Author name: هويدا كمال عبد الفتاح
Supervisor name: عضيد حسن سلومي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Widespread wireless communications system in the last few years, leads people to ask many questions about the advantages and disadvantages of those systems, especially about electromagnetic waves pollution and their effect on human health.The mobile device is frequently used by the general public from adult to child, one of the main sources of electromagnetic waves and very close to the human head. Therefore the focus of this research on the impact of electromagnetic waves from mobile to human health by measuring the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), at the human head and the hand through SEMCAD - X that uses the Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD). SAR computation uses (FDTD) in the way the limited space of time, to calculate the specific absorption rate. The results have been compared with standards averaged over any 1 g of tissue and averaged over any 10 g of tissue. It didn't exceed the applicable standard.This work evaluates specific absorption rate (SAR) at different ages of three people. Firstly, old man, who was estimated to head 100% size of header used in the program SEMCAD - X. Secondly Adult man was estimated his head by 85% size of header used in program, and finally the child who was estimated his head by 65% size of header used in the program SEMCAD - X, the design hand has been used with all cases.The design of the mobile phone software works in four different packages of frequencies; the packets are the center frequencies 900MHz 1800MHz, 2100MHz and 2400MHz, when increased frequency the SAR increased but in the some state and frequency decreasing.The Evaluation of SAR in the head and the hand of the user device and the generic phone, the highest value of SAR decreases with increasing distance between the generic phone and the user's head and reducing the proportion was 50% for the old man, 40% for adult man and 35% for child. It can be noted that the angle of the rotation of the various frequencies is not fixed, while the ratio approximately is 25% for each angle of rotation.Also, it can be noted that for fixed frequency, the input power is increased to a double and the SAR have been used increased almost to a double.The different positions show that the methods of holding generic phone have a significant impact on the value of SAR. Therefore, the value of SAR can be reduced into 90% when using the correct method.The evaluation of SAR in these cases shows their influence on children and it was much greater than the adult human or old human by parentage 40% old man and 35% adult man.

التاثيرات الكهربائية والبصرية لتشويب اغشية اوكسيد الخارصين (ZnO) المكونة لمتحسس الاشعة فوق البنفسجية بالفضة == Electrical And Optical Effects Of Ag Doped ZnO Thin Film Based MSM UV Photodetectors

Author name: محمد وسام ناجي
Supervisor name: منير عبود هاشم | غصون محسن علي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يستخدم اوكسيد الخارصين (ZnO) لكشف الاشعة فوق البنفسجية وذلك لكبر فجوة الطاقة وكبر طاقة اثارة الربط لهذا الشبه موصل. اوكسيد الخارصين كذلك يمتلك سرعة اشباع عالية وفولتية انهيار عالية. في هذا العمل تم تصنيع متحسس اشعة فوق بنفسجية نوع (معدن - شبه موصل - معدن) با | Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been commonly used for ultraviolet detection due to large band gap and excition binding energy. ZnO has high breakdown electrical field, also has a much larger saturation velocity. In this work three ultraviolet Metal Semiconductor Metal (MSM) photodetectors were fabricated, based on ZnO and Silver (Ag) doped Zinc Oxide (SZO) with (2% and 4 % doping ratios) thin films. The technique used to prepare the thin films was sol - gel and spin coating technique by using Si (100) p - type. Silver interdigitated (IDT) electrodes were deposited on the films by a vacuum coating deposition technique to form the three devices.The electrical properties for the fabricated photodetectors (PDs) were studied using Semiconductor Characterization System (SCS) at room temperature ( 27 C^o). The applied voltage was in the range of ( - 5 to 5) V.The SEM images showed a non - uniform distribution of the Ag dopants, these dopants formed clusters and these clusters increased as the amount of Ag dopants increased. The mobility, carrier concentration, and roughness for the SZO films increased when compared to undoped film. The optical bandgap and the transmittance are decreased when the doping ratio is increased. The saturation current (I - S) was decreased by a factor of 4, and 12 for the devices based on Ag doped ZnO (with 2% and 4 % doping ratios) thin films, respectively. The sensitivity was significantly increased with increasing the doping ratio. This enhancement attributed to the roughness of the Ag dopants (clusters). The detectivity was increased for the devices based on SZO films. The high detectivity with low saturation current made the devices based on SZO films suitable for optoelectronic applications and integrated circuits. From the experimental data and analysis, it was found that the PD with ZnO : Ag 4 % doping ratio has higher responsivity and gain of 0.523 A/W and 257 , respectively. This is confirmed by thin film and device characterization which makes this PD suitable for UV detection purposes.

النمذجة التحليلة لاداء الثنائي الضوئي p - i - n == Analytical Modeling Of A P - I - N Photodiode Performance

Author name: محمد شهاب احمد
Supervisor name: منیر عبود ھاشم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The analysis of a silicon p - i - n photodiode with a uniform doping concentration in each layer is presented. The theoretical treatment aims at investigating the device operation and performance to obtain optimum values of photodiode parameters when operates as a photodetector.Large bandwidth, good responsivity, device speed and quantum efficiency at wavelength of interest, combined with its low operating voltage and capability, make this diode promising for optoelectronic receiver circuits for use in optical communication systems and computer interconnections.High speed silicon p - i - n photodiode which operate at 700 nm wavelength is reported. By using a reverse bias voltage to control electric field, a high quantum efficiency of 80% is attained corresponding to bandwidth of 6.5 GHz at depletion width of 5.36 ?m and biasing voltage of 27.5 V. The minimum detectable incident light signal power is 3.9 ?W corresponding to signal to noise ratio of 6.5*104. The results show that, there is trade - off between quantum efficiency and bandwidth. Since the intrinsic layer of a p - i - n photodiode can be made with a lightly doping concentration, a p - ? - n photodiode is also treated mathematically with a software tool, and the results obtained are very close to those for a p - i - n photodiode. The results are achieved with the aid of MATLAB programming tool version 8.1.0.604 (R2013a).

تصميم وتنفيذ معالج باستخدام TM - CFAR مصفوفة البوابات المبرمجة FPGA == Design And Implementation Of TM - CFAR Processor Using Field Programmable Gate Array

Author name: علي هادي عبد الواحد
Supervisor name: وليد خالد عبد علي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This Thesis proposes on a project whose aim is to implement architectures for CFAR processor employed in radars. These proposed architectures are implemented by using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technique, with observance of feature desired as flexibility and speed without performance loss. This design written in VHDL Hardware Description Language that can be used to accelerate the implementation. In this thesis, the proposed by design is implemented using MATLAB Simulink on the Trimmed - mean Constant False Alarm Rate Processor(TM CFAR) to obtain system parameters and to test the flow of signal through the system, and then used FPGA devices. FPGA architecture of TM - CFAR processor is implemented to overcome the large processing time required in case of multi - target environment. The use of this technology is suitable because it offers high flexibility in modifying and even developing the required design with a reduction in the required number of hardware and cost. In addition to the main features of the processing chain architectures such as degree of parallelism, small size, accuracy and high computational speed, there is a requirement for generality and adaptively i.e. the ability to handle many different models of operation in different environments. The FPGA implementation of the design is achieved using Xilinx Virtex - II platform as a suitable selected programmable device. The development of the system software for this work has been done using Active HDL 3.5, and ISE Navigator 6.3i programs.

تمييز الاهداف الرادارية وذلك عن طريق استخدام الشبكات العصبية وافضلية الحشد الجزيئي == Radar Target Recognition Using Neural Network And Particle Swarm Optimization

Author name: علي ناظم غالب
Supervisor name: وليد خالد عبد علي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In the last decades, the pattern recognition and classification are taking an important area of the research. One of the main applications of pattern recognition is the radar target recognition which is vital in radar system.In this this work, a radar signal were used and analyzed for three targets present a contribution is this trend (aircrafts SR - 71, C - 130 and AH - 64), and used as initial data, then variations are made to simulate the target signal variation (50 range profile for each target).A wavelet transform (multi resolution decomposition) is used to reduce the dimensions of radar range profile and then leads to reduce storage and computation.The wavelet transform including two procedures, the first one using approximation and details coefficients as feature extraction, while second procedure use related with the details coefficient only.Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used as recognizer. The Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) are used. The network was trained using Supervised Learning Algorithms. The FFNN was trained by (Levenberg - Marquardt (lm), Bayesian regulation (br), particle swarm optimization). The (ERNN) was trained by (lm, br).The best recognition rate of three targets is obtained by using the feature extraction from (normalized details wavelet coefficient) and the ERNN trained by (br). The recognition rate in this procedure is about 96% compare with other methods.When adding the AWGN S/N=5db, the recognition rate reducing to 85%.

تمييز الوجوه اعتمادا على التحويلات الكونتورية ومصنف الشبكة العصبية متعددة الطبقات == Face Identification Based On Contourlet Transform And Multi - Layer Neural Network Classifier

Author name: علي فتاح حسون
Supervisor name: ماهر خضير محمود
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Face recognition plays an important role in many applications like security, banking, access to buildings, and surveillance …. etc.Because of the face image can significantly change due to changing in some factors, such as lighting conditions, facial expression, and others factors, therefore face recognition is still a challenging mission. Useful properties of the Contourlet Transform (CT) are exploited in this thesis to investigate more discriminant features to enhance the face identification performance. In this thesis, a face identification system is suggested based on CT, and Multi - Layer Neural Network (MLNN) Classifier. The main reasons behind using the CT are : First, the CT supports progressive data compression/expansion, hence it is used for image compression. Second, the features in human face are not just horizontal or vertical. CT is utilized for feature extraction because it is a genuine 2D transform that can capture the edge information in all directions. After decomposing an image by CT, low and high frequency coefficients of CT are calculated in different scales and various angles. Most significant information of faces is contained in coefficients, which is important for face identification. The frequency coefficients are utilized as an input feature vector for a neural network classifier. Simple feed forward MLNN neural network is used to achieve the identification process. The network parameters are tuned to optimal values, in order to produce fair comparison between different types of feature vectors. To evaluate the algorithm performance, seven standard databases, and a proposed database are used. Some of them are of high variability, to examine the algorithm robustness against variability. In addition, the proposed algorithm is also evaluated using a generated database composed from five databases. Then the suggested method is compared with other classical feature - based methods such as, wavelet, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), and CT - PCA. The results indicate that the CT - based method has better identification (ID) rate, and is faster than the Wavelet - based and the PCA - based methods. This is due to the high sparsity of the CT and its efficient capability of compression. The ID rates obtained for a tested databases are Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database (100%), face 94 database (99.34%), proposed database (98.55%), ORL database (96.5%), Senthil database (92%), Yale database (90%), FERET database (76.2 %), and FEI database (72.57 %), and comparing with other systems, an average identification rate 90.64% for the CT, 85.71% for the Wavelet, 53.92% for the CT - PCA, and 46.7% for the PCA for all tested databases.Moreover, the characteristics of low and high frequency sub bands a are studied with their effect on ID rates. The simulation results indicate that the best identification rates are obtained when using only the low frequency sub - band for all tested databases

استخدام اغشية اوكسيد الخارصين (ZnO) الرقيقة في متحسس لتركيز الهيدروجين من نوع ترانزستور تاثير المجال ممدود البوابة == Zinc Oxide Thin Films - Based Extended - Gate Field - Effect Transistor (EGFET) As Ph Sensor

Author name: علي عزام عبد اللطيف
Supervisor name: رعد حمدان ظاهر | غصون محسن علي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ظهر في السنوات الاخيرة اهتمام ملحوظ في استخدام متحسسات تركيز الهيدروجين (الرقم الهيدروجيني) من نوع ترانزستور تاثير المجال (FET) في التطبيقات الطبية الحيوية مثل دم الانسان, اليوريا واللعاب لان عملية تصنيع متحسسات تركيز الهيدروجين تتجه نحو التكلفة المنخفضة | In recent years, there is noteworthy interest in using pH - sensors based on Field Effect Transistor (FET) in biomedical applications such as human blood, urine, and saliva because the fabrication of pH - sensors is tending toward low cost, small size, disposable, and real - time measurement. In this work, Extended Gate Field - Effect Transistor (EGFET) pHsensors were built using thin films of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) doped with Palladium (Pd) as sensing membranes. The Pd - doped ZnO thin films with different molar concentrations (Pd = 0%, 2% and 4%) were deposited onto p - type Si(111) substrate by sol - gel method. The surface morphology of the prepared films was imaged and studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The crystal structure of the fabricated films was examined by X - Ray Diffraction (XRD) test. The optical and electrical characteristics of the films were measured using spectrophotometer and Hall - Effect measurement device, respectively.The EGFET pH - sensor has been prepared by linking the fabricated sensing devices to the gate terminal of a commercial Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor Field - Effect Transistor (MOSFET CD4007UB).The fabricated sensing devices were immersed in buffer solutions with pH range of (pH 3 ? pH 11). The pH sensing characteristics of ZnO and Pd - ZnO/silicon EGFET devices were studied using Semiconductor Characterization System (SCS - Keithley 4200).The ZnO EGFET sensor exhibits voltage sensitivity and linearity of 31.5 mV/pH and 0.9809 (or 98.1%) in linear regime with pH range of (pH 3 - pH 11). The voltage sensitivity and linearity of Pd - doped ZnO (with 4% molar concentration of Pd) EGFET device in the linear regime with pH range of (pH 5 - pH 11) are 27.86 mV/pH and 0.9785 (or 97.85%), respectively. The experimental results show that the Pd - doped sensing films by sol - gel method cannot be adopted for whole pH range. This means that the doped films have fewer amounts of H+ ions sensing sites at its surface than undoped ZnO fims.

تصميم وتحليل هوائيات مغيرة الرقعة للتطبيقات ذات الحزمة العريضة == Design And Analysis Of Slotted Patch Antenna For Wideband Applications

Author name: سيف ناظم غالب الساعدي
Supervisor name: رعد حمدان ظاهر
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The main objective of this work is to design, fabricate and test irregular, diamond wideband microstrip patch antenna which satisfy UWB. A series of parametric study is conducted to show how the characteristics of the antenna depend on the various geometrical and other parameters. These geometrical parameters of the antenna include the dimensions of the patch, feeder and ground plane. Slots are inserted different shapes and sizes in antennas to show which give different bandwidth. The first designed antenna has regular pentagonal patch and 50? microstrip line on one side of dielectric substrate and partial ground plane with square slot on other side. This antenna gives dual bandwidth 2.73 - 7.5 GHz and 8.7 - 20 GHz. This antenna is modified by changing the patch from regular to irregular pentagonal patch with the same area and fixe the other parameter of the antenna. Therefore, the antenna is improved in term of bandwidth and gain, which gives bandwidth of 2.74 - 20 GHz. Many slots with the different shape and size are added to the irregular pentagonal patch to modify this antenna, which makes this antenna have bandwidth of 2.6 - 20 GHz which is suitable for the application that operating in this band. The second design consists of diamond patch and microstrip feed line on one side of dielectric substrate and partial ground plane has square slot on the other side. This antenna is modified by adding three slots in the patch which modifies the gain, so this gives bandwidth of 2.3 - 18.5 GHz. The third design consists of irregular pentagonal patch that is fed by 50? Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) and 4 - step stair added to ground plane is printed on one side of dielectric substrate and c - shape independent piece on other side. This antenna gives bandwidth of 1.48 - 14.2 GHz which is suitable for the applications that operating in this bandwidth. The fourth antenna consist of diamond patch that fed by 50? Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) and 4 - step stair added to ground plane is printed on one side of dielectric substrate and independent piece on other side. This antenna is suitable for the applications which is operate in band of 1.35 - 16 GHz. The design and simulation of the antenna is carried out using CST microwave Studio simulation software.

محول خفض الفولتية المستمرة باستخدام المكثف المفتاحي == Switched - Capacitor Based Step - Down DC - DC Converter

Author name: سؤدد زاحم حسين
Supervisor name: تركي كحيوش حسن
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المحـــــــــــول الخافـــــــــض للــــــــــــفولتيـــــــــة المستمرة ذو المكثف المفـــــــتاحــــــــي (Switched Capacitor DC - DC Converter ) يمكن ان يستعمل للتحويل الكفوء للطاقة حيث نجد انه عندما لا تستعمل المحاثات في دوائر التحويل يؤدي الى خفض حجم | Switched - capacitor (SC) - based step - down DC - DC converter can be used for efficient power conversion when inductors are not used in order to reduce size and cost. In addition, switched - capacitor DC - DC converters are superior to inductor - based converters for high - conversion ratio and wide range of load variation. In this thesis , a multistage current - controlled switched - capacitor step - down DC - DC converter is analyzed , designed and simulated. The converter features are of good regulation capability and continuous input current waveform when two step - down converter cells are connected in parallel and operate in antiphase. Classical SC converter with pulse width modulation technique is also analyzed, designed , simulated. For the PWM converter and current - controlled converter , third - order state - space averaging technique is used for analysis. A fuzzy logic controller is used with the current - controlled converter to obtain fast dynamic response, low ripple in the output voltage and robustness against load and supply variations. A 70W ,48/12V and 12.5W 48/5V converters are designed and simulated ( Matlab/Simulink is used for simulation). The simulation results are obtained and compared for the above converters with different control techniques (PWM ,current control with PI controller and current control with fuzzy controller). The results for current - controlled converters with fuzzy controller show higher efficiency , lower ripples in the output voltage ,fast transient response, good disturbance rejection and very small steady state error of output voltage. In this thesis the value of the output ripple must less than 0.05 V and the efficiency should be more than 75 % for current control mode

ترميز القناة المرتكز على الاشارات الفوضوية == Chaos Based Channel Coding

Author name: سراب كمال محمود
Supervisor name: حكمت نجم عبد الله
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الرؤية المجسمة لتخمين المسافة باستخدام SAD مع مرشح كشف الحواف Canny وتقنيات التعويض == Stereo Vision Distance Estimation Using SAD And Canny Edge Detector With Interpolation Methods

Author name: زيد خضر حسين
Supervisor name: رعد حمدان ظاهر
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Stereo vision system is a technique for finding depth data for digital images.The stereo vision system is used to obtain a 3D data from 2D scene taken by two optical cameras (left and right cameras); the taken images can be used to find the distance of the objects. A number of algorithms for stereo vision system have been developed and the matching algorithms. This work focuses on the traditional algorithms used the Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC), Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) and the modified version of SAD algorithm. This method is called the Canny Block Matching Algorithm (CBMA) which can find the disparity map. The proposed algorithm contains two parts; the Canny edge detector and Block matching technique with SAD to determine the disparity map and reduce the execution time, the execution time of the CBMA is between (0.35 - 0.43secs) and neglected the effect of the windows size results in the CBMA algorithm. The interpolation method is used which consists of median filter and interpolation techniques (i.e., the most common techniques : bilinear, 1st order and 2nd order polynomial) to enhance the output results images.The error percentage has been reduced about 2% for the disparity map of the CBMA algorithm after used the bilinear interpolation method with block size [3x3] and the execution time is reduced by the step size windows. MATLAB program has been adopted to write the proposed algorithms codes. While, the interpolation techniques has been implemented using in Microsoft Visual Basic (6.0). The camera calibration and image rectification is used to find camera parameters and to simplify the correspondences search. The system was implemented using two identical cameras with baseline (16cm) to detect the distance objects.

تصميم شبكة استشعار لاسلكية متينة لمراقبة استهلاك الطاقة == Robust Wireless Sensor Network For Energy Monitoring

Author name: حيدر عبد الحميد محمد جواد العبيدي
Supervisor name: حكمت نجم عبد الله | طارق محمد سلمان
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: There has been a quick development in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) field that promises to revolutionize the way people lives. Where they have a wide range of applications especially in the monitoring applications like power consumption, military, and healthcare. This thesis has three objectives. First, to design and implement a prototype of WSN for monitoring power (as well as temperature) in buildings. Second, to investigate the bounds of coverage in different building construction materials. Third, to evaluate the amount of improvement introduced to the ZigBee transceiver when channel - coding methods are used.The basic design elements of the implemented power and temperature monitoring system includes current sensors, temperature sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless transceivers implemented using Global System for Mobile Communications/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) platform and ZigBee technology. The use of GSM/GPRS platform allows the user to control or gather information about the system from anywhere just by sending a request using Short Message Service (SMS). In addition, the measured data can be visualized through a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). Many measurements have been done to find the exact limitation of the designed system in terms of coverage and signal strength in the presence of objects of different materials including; cardboard, metal, concrete bricks, wood and corkboard. Furthermore, the MATLAB Simulink model of the proposed ZigBee transceiver uses Convolutional Coding (CC) at different code rates to improve the performance in AWGN channel, Rayleigh and Rician multipath fading channels.The results indicated that the use of ZigBee based WSN in electric power monitoring provides flexibility and helps in reducing power consumption. In addition, the experimental results show that the construction materials of buildings have varying impact on the network performance. At 4m distancebetween the base station and the sensing node, the losses in signal strength are 15, 20, 21 and 32 dBm when using metal as compared with cardboard, corkboard, wood and concrete bricks respectively.It is observed from the simulation results that using convolutional coding in ZigBee transceiver gives better performance than the traditional ZigBee transceivers and that the convolutional code of code rate 1/8 gives the best performance compared to other CC. In AWGN channel and at BER of 10 - 4, the maximum performance improvements in terms of BER obtained over traditional system are 14dB and 13.5dB for OQPSK and BPSK (868 - 900MHz) based ZigBee respectively. While these improvements are 23.5dB, 40.5dB and 19.5dB, 12.5dB in Rayleigh & Rician channels at the same BER respectively.

تقييم اداء نظام الاتصالات المتعدد المستخدمين المرتكز على متجهات فوضوية متعامدة == Performance Evaluation Of Multiuser Communication System Based On Orthogonal Chaotic Vectors

Author name: بسمة نزار ناظم
Supervisor name: ماهر خضير محمود
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In DS - CDMA systems, the use of orthogonal spreading codes with low cross - correlation values is needed to suppress the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) which increases as the number of active users in system is increased.Currently, the conventional PN sequences, such as (Gold codes, Kasami codes …etc.), generated by linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) and orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) were used as spreading codes in DS - CDMA system. Using these sequences, it is not possible to increase the number of active users in the system due to the fact that the possible sequences generated in conventional PN - system are limited in number and offer mutual interference as the number of active users is increased due to its non - zero cross - correlation values. The chaotic system can be used to generate very large number of quasi - orthogonal sequences compared with the number of PN sequences due to its sensitivity to initial conditions. Another type of chaotic sequences with zero values of cross - correlation called Orthogonal Chaotic Vectors (OCVs) is generated using chaotic systems and the basic idea of Gram - Schmidt ortho - normalization process.In this work, the use of OCVs in synchronous DS - CDMA system for transmission of data over (AWGN, Flat fading and Frequency selective channels) is introduced. The simulation results show that the DS - CDMA based on OCVs gives better BER performance when spread factor ? is greater than the number of active users due to the reduction of MAI between active users.Results show also that, at BER = - in AWGN channel and for 5 users, there are gain of (0.3, 1.2, 1.75 and 3.75) dB between system based on OCVs and systems based on small set Kasami sequence, Gold codes, large set of Kasami sequence and Non - OCVs respectively. Under the effect of flat fading channel, it can be noted that at BER = - and for 30 user, there is 1.7 dB gain between system based on OCVs and system based on small set of Kasami sequences, and this gain increases to 2 dB for 50 user.Under time invariant frequency selective fading channel and for 8 users at BER= - there is about 6dB gain between the system based on OCVs and system based on Non - OCVs.

الدالة الغامضة للاشارة الرادارية المرمزة == Ambiguity Function Of Radar Coded Signals

Author name: اياد عطيه عبد الكافي الجبوري
Supervisor name: نزار خليل وفي | وليد خالد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة انواع متعددة من تر ميزات الاشارة الرادارية حيث تم التركيز في هذه الدراسة على خواص الارتباط والغموض للتر ميزات. كذلك تم التركيز على تاثير دوبلر على تلك الخواص. تم دراسة تاثير الخطا الطوري والتعيير(Weighting) على خواص تلك الترميزات. الدراسة ال | Various types of coded radar signal are studied in this study in terms of their ambiguity and correlation properties. Doppler effect on the ambiguity and the correlation functions of these codes is studied. The effect of phase error and weighting are presented.The study related to Doppler effect covers the frequency, binary and polyphase codes in terms of the peak signal to sidelobes ratio (PSR).Linear FM, nonlinear FM, binary and polyphase codes with various windows, are dealt with respect to the sidelobes response. The simulator built using Matlab version 6. The simulation consists of a code generator; modulator; white noise adder; received signal with time and frequency shifted; matching filtering; a module to find the Doppler effect on the autocorrealtion function and a module to find the peak signal to sidelobes ratio (PSR). It is found that the m - sequences are the best binary codes in terms of PSR and the P4 code is the best Polyphase code in terms of PSR. Also, it is found that the P4 code provides better Doppler tolerant than the other codes. The m - sequences are very sensitive to Doppler shifts. Concerning the frequency codes : it is found that the nonlinear FM is more sensitive than the linear FM i.e., linear FM is Doppler tolerant while the nonlinear is not. Finally, it is found that the use of time weighting produces a response with extremely low sidelobes

تصميم وتنفيذ منظومة تعقب شمسي مستقلة معتمدة على نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي == Design And Implementation of A GPS Based Stand - Alone Solar Tracking System

Author name: احمد جبار عبد
Supervisor name: Fawzi M. Al | Naima
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In a step to overcome the limitations of sensor based solar tracking system, a design tracking strategy, is presented in this thesis which is based on astronomical equations. This strategy takes two important factors into consideration. The first is finding the more accurate equations and figure out the ability of implementing such system which can deal with these complicated equations that are based mainly on trigonometric functions. The second is how to design and build a reliable, uninterrupted, accurate and global system that is able to calculate the local time, date and location in terms of longitude and latitude.This thesis aims to design and implement practically a global dual axis solar tracker that can process the data with high efficiency, able to solve these complicated equations, gather the required data from the GPS card, then save, and manage them inaccurate with tracking efficiency up to 99.33%, increases the power production by over 40%, reduce the drive power requirement 31%, reliable and uninterrupted with real time controller.The system also presents a design for a hybrid network for a solar tracking farm consisting of N - solar tracking systems. A main control unit is presented to manage all the trackers to the sun location in multi - tracking mode, diagnosis all the trackers for any faults and give complete information about the produced power from each of the solar tracking system. A new network protocol is designed to deal with the error control, congestion control and flow control for data transmission in the network.A complete solution for power - line communication modem has been proposed based on existing power line characteristics. This modem has advantages of simplicity, cost effectiveness and using new strategy to control the out of reach devices without increasing the transmitting power or changing the circuit specifications. The proposed design offers a simple solution to control the solar trackers in a vast solar farm, enabling to monitor the supplied power by each single tracker in the field and having the ability of fault diagnosis.

تصميم وتنفيذ رادار تضمين التردد ذو الموجة المستمرة لنظام السرعة التكيفي للسيارات == Design And Implementation of Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave Radar For Adaptive Cruise Control of Car Applications

Author name: تمارا زهير فاضل
Supervisor name: منال حمادي جاسم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The traffic accidents became significantly obsession and concern for all members of society, and has become one of the most important problems that sap physical, human resources and human potential. The researches show that the damaged property and other costs may equal 3% of world’s gross domestic product, which have been required to work in finding solutions and suggestions and put them into practice to reduce these incidents.The insertion of preventive safety applications into the car system can avoid the above mistakes. In this work, a design and implementation of Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar system working at 77GHz for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) technology is proposed. Using MATLAB R 2013 which is a flexible system to estimate the speed and distance in accordance to vehicle ahead, which reduces the forces on the rate of accidents by warning the driver when two vehicle become too close.Also, the principle of FMCW radar is presented to generate Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) sweep waveform through frequency bands with triangular frequency modulation using Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO), a triangle sweep pattern adopt will resolve ambiguity without Doppler processing. which improves the decision making before hardware implementation.Proteus Professional v8 and Micro C PRO v 6.1 compiler is used for Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to design a proposed collision warning circuit with PIC16F887 and RS_232 serial port to send data using USART terminal for (short, middle, large) test range.A serial communication interface is used for sending the simulation results from MATLAB FMCW radar system to hardware easy PIC v7 board with PIC16F887 to forward collision warning circuit to alerts the driver of collision risk, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) shows radar status (short, middle, large) in accordance to range between the vehicle that FMCW radar installed and the vehicle ahead.Graphic Liquid Crystal Display (GLCD) shows the car position and road lines. Piezo Buzzer will start singing to alerts the driver from danger road.The simulation design is achieving the desired performance, one parameter warrants further attention. In the FMCW configuration, the sweep time is about 25 microseconds. Therefore, the system needs to sweep a 140 MHz band within a very short period. Such an automotive radar may able to meet the cost requirement.

تقييم اداء الكشف المباشر والمتشاكه في نظام اتصال الليفة الضوئية == Performance Evaluation of Direct And Coherent Detections In Optical Fiber Communication System

Author name: علاء عبد الزهرة جعفر
Supervisor name: علي يوسف فتاح
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تطورت خدمات الاتصالات بشكل متسارع في السنوات القليلة الماضية خصوصا في المسافات بعيدة المدى وبمعدل نقل البيانات بدقة عالية وخسائر قليلة في جميع انحاء العالم. وقدمت تقنيات مختلفة لزيادة سعة الارسال في انظمة اتصالات الالياف الضوئية بواسطة جمع مسارات البيانا | In recent years, there has been an extensive development of optical fiber services. They provide transmission over long distances at a high data rate with few losses all over the world. Different techniques have been introduced to increase the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems by a multiplexed high data rate stream into an optical fiber such as Dense Wavelength Division Multiplying (DWDM) technique. Since the deployment of DWDM technique, the focus on introducing large system capacity with high system performance, different detection techniques have been introduced to enhance the system performance with high sensitivity. In this work, two types of detection techniques (direct and coherent detection) have been evaluated and compared with each other. These detection techniques have been evaluated based on several models of encoding format such as Return to Zero - Differential Phase Shift Keying (RZ - DPSK) and Non Return to Zero - Differential Phase Shift Keying (NRZ - DPSK) at 10 Gb/s as a data rate.These systems were first simulated with a single channel to analyze the performance with no Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), Cross Phase Modulation (XPM) and Four Wave Mixing (FWM) effects. Whereby the system of 8×10 Gb/s is simulated at 200 GHz, 100 GHz and 50 GHz as channel spacing. Three types of dispersion compensation schemes are used in the link channel. These systems are simulated using (Optisystem version 10.0) software package. The performance of the designed systems are evaluated through Q.factor verses input power and Bit Error Rate (BER) verses Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).The polarization interleaving is used with the WDM systems to decrease the nonlinear effects and the crosstalk arising among the adjacent channels.The obtained results of the 67% RZ - DPSK arrived to the threshold power at input power less than of the 50% RZ - DPSK, as well as the 50% RZ - DPSK system arrived to maximum Q.factor lower than 33% RZ - DPSK. This is due to the pulse duration of 33% RZ - DPSK is smaller than of 50% and 67% RZ - DPSK.The results show that the coherent detection technique has better performance than the direct detection technique. The coherent detection technique has Q.factor equal to 45, while the direct detection has Q.factor equal to 27 at the same input power ( - 5dBm), while the coherent detection technique arrived to the threshold power at the input power less than of the direct detection technique.The BER of the 33% RZ - DPSK with coherent detection with 10 Gb/s at 300 km as transmission distance achieved ?10?^( - 12.9) at SNR of 10 dB, while for the 33% RZ - DPSK with direct detection is achieved a BER of ?10?^( - 8.8) with SNR of 10 dB.The performance of the proposed systems has been improved extrusivly with increase the space channel, where the performance of the systems at 200 MHz as channel spacing has best performance than 50 MHz as channel spacing.By adapting coherent detection with 33% RZ - DPSK technique of 200 MHz as channel spacing, DWDM system can carry high data rate with long - haul transmission distance.

مراقبة انذار المرضى عن بعد الزمن الحقيقي اعتمادا على الصحة الالكترونية الصحة العنكبوتية الصحة الخلوية وشبكات التحسس اللاسلكية حالات الدراسة موضع منام المريض سكر الدم استجابة الجلد الكلفانية والتخطيط العضلي == Remote Patients Monitoring / Alarming In Real Time Based On E - Health / I - Health / GSM - Health And WSN, (Case Study : PP, BG, GSR And EMG

Author name: علي جاسم رمضان
Supervisor name: سمير جاسم محمد | محمود شاكر نصر
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Patient's health monitoring / diagnosing systems have become the focus of attention of researchers today. At the present time, the researchers are dealing with the E - health fields to develop and improve the healthcare systems and they work to combine the GSM and Internet technologies together.In the presented work, the researcher designed a portable real time wireless medical system for monitoring / diagnosing the patients' status based on E - health / GSM - health / I - health and wireless sensor network (WSN) under ZigBee protocol, and to support alarming and printing of medical reports subsystems.The presented system consists mainly of four subsystems, which are sensing & data transceiver, base station (BS), GSM and Internet. Where sensing & data transceiver subsystems be in the patients' lobbies and connected remotely with the base station (BS) subsystem in the wireless sensor network that collect and display the sensing data in it. Also in the designed system, the GSM and Internet technologies are inserted practically in the network.The implemented system measures the biomedical data utilizing a group of sensors that are not available in the country's hospitals in such integrated system, which are the patient position sensor (PPS), galvanic skin response sensor (GSR), blood glucose sensor (BGS), and electromyography sensor (EMG). Moreover, the system has the ability to add many other sensors.In the proposed system, three nodes (lobbies) are considered according to the facilities available, but it can monitor / diagnose unlimited patients' numbers.The system monitors the sleep position and skin conductance (indicator to patient's calm) of the patients in real time with alarm for each abnormal case in the base station (BS) and in lobbies, and it also follows up the glucose rate in patient's blood and diagnose the electromyography (muscle and nerve) status.The GSM subsystem (GSM - health) is used for remotely following - up the patients' status by sending SMS alarm in time for any abnormal case of the patient's sleep position and skin conductance, also it has ability to send the glucose data to doctor's phone. All these services are performed by using a personal phone device only without using any additional GSM modem or other apparatus, so this method reduces cost, complexity and delay time of the system that's done by interfacing the phone with the PC directly via USB port and the messages sending procedure executed using special SMSs AT commands, so the doctors become able to communicate with BS using SMS or voice calling to give the fast and direct necessary guidance.The Internet subsystem (I - health) is another excellent service for the presented system, by which remotely following - up the glucose levels by uploading the glucose data to a specific web site. It is performed by designing a web site that is programmed using VB.NET and ASP.NET languages. of course, user login feature is added to protect the privacy of patients and feedback comments feature between the doctors and patients to take the important guidance.The system has ability to introduce a printed hard copy report about the patient's electromyography status or result and blood glucose levels, by utilizing VISUAL BASIC program. Moreover, it performs searching process about the active nodes in network, this means that it detects any new node (new patient) and put it in service. In addition, the system records the patient's information and stores his health data for any archiving process or statistical study.The main hardware that is used in the implemented system includes MCUs, sensors and transceivers, and used the LABVIEW program to display the data in its GUI windows in the computer of BS.The system has been implemented practically at low cost and low power, gave expected and accurate results, and presented to the specialists doctors and they have expressed their conviction and effectiveness of the system in practice.

تصميم وبناء هوائي عريضة الشريط باستخدام المواد المسماة مابعد المادة == Design And Implementation of Ultra - Wideband Metamaterial Antenna

Author name: مروه مكي حمد
Supervisor name: طه احمد عليوي | سليمان مرتضى عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study focused on designing and analyzing patch antennabased metamaterial with the aid of partial ground plane. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software was used to build and analyze a proposed unit cell of 4×4 mm² and resonant frequency of around 12 GHz. The unit cell was constructed from a patterned patch and ground plane that are connected with via through an FR - 4 substrate. The unit cell performances were studied in terms of S - parameters, effective refractive index, and dispersion properties. And it was found that the metamaterial properties appeared in the frequency band from 11 GHz to 14 GHz, where the unit cell exhibited less than 1 refractive index. A theoretical investigation based on TLM was developed to extract the values of thebasic lumped, RLC, elements network. It was found that the proposed unit cell behave like an unbalanced case of a passive constant k band elimination filter in the mentioned earlier frequency band. A parametric study based on numerical simulation was invoked to arrive to the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding the MTM structures on the antenna performance. Therefore, this parametric study was optimized to achieve maximum bandwidth with relatively best gain.Finally, the optimal design was fabricated, measured and compared with the numerical results, obtained from Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and HFSS, in term of radiation pattern, S11 spectrum and gain. The experimental results confirmed that the gain of the antenna was 5.8 dBi at 10 GHZ with excellent matching over a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, acceptable agreement was achieved between measured and simulated results in terms of S11 spectrum and radiation patterns at 10 GHz.

تجزئة الحزمة لالغاء الضوضاء المتكيف في تنقية الاشارة الكلامية == Subband Decomposition For Adaptive Noise Cancellation In Speech Enhancement

Author name: حوراء فاضل عبيد
Supervisor name: منال جميل الكندي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electronic And Communications Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Nowadays speech processing methods are usually implemented in the time or frequency domain. Filter bank can be considered as a divide and conquer approach within signal processing, since large problems are sub - divided into many smaller problems. While filter banks are essential components of speech processing, and in signal processing in general, they will have the focus in present days. An adaptive filter is a filter that self adjusts its transfer function according to its optimizing algorithms. Least mean square algorithm has slow convergence when used with nonstationary signals like speech and it has high computational cost but normalization of step size (or input signal) leads to a useful variant of the LMS algorithm known as the normalized LMS (NLMS) algorithm, which gives better convergence characteristics than the LMS because it uses a variable step - size with respect to the input signal power.To improve the convergence rate and/or computational complexity and also to overcome the disadvantage of a full band adaptive filtering, a structure is illustrated that is subband adaptive filtering; this will converge faster at a lower computational cost for speech and white noise inputs.This research shows most types of subband decomposition structures and makes comparison among them based on their performance to cancel the noise with minimum computational complexity, maximum convergence speed and maximum noise cancellation with lowest delay.Moreover three new hybrid tree configurations or the tree decom - position are proposed to maximize the overall performance of adaptive noisecancellation system.They are given the abbreviations HTPSAF1,HTPSAF2 and HTPSAF3. These three systems use polyphase filter bank that has showed a noticeable increase in the convergence speed and large reduction in the computational complexity due to the lower number of coefficients that can be achieved for the analysis/synthesis filters, which in turn will result in minimum delay in the reconstructed output speech signal.The algorithm of subband decomposition structures has been described theoretically then modeled under MATLAB simulation program using built - in filters and real input signals.

تصميم وتنفيذ منظومة مقاييس متوزعة ذكية == Design And Implementation of A Smart Distributed Metering System

Author name: مهند غازي خميس
Supervisor name: عدي عبد اللطيف عبد الرضا
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This work is concerned with designing and implementing a smart energy metering system that consists of two smart energy meters and a billing center. The designed smart energy meter is a single phase meter in which the amount of consumed energy is calculated using PIC18F45K22 (which is a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)) and utilizing ACS758 (which is a Hall - effect based liner current sensor Integrated Circuit (IC)).The amount of consumed energy is sent to the billing center (which is implemented by using a laptop) for issuing the bills. The billing center receives the consumption data and sends the switching commands by utilizing an external communication technology. After comparing various communication technologies, ZigBee is chosen for this work.Two smart energy meters are implemented to test various communication conditions, such as multi - hopping. The design of the two smart energy meters differ only in the ZigBee addresses in the network.The program for the PIC's in the smart meters is written with MikroC PRO V6.0.1, while the program for the laptop in the billing center is written with Visual BASIC 6.
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