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بريطانيا وايرلندا الحرة : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1939 - 1945 == Britain And Free Ireland A Study In Political Relations 1939 - 1945

Author name: يوسف طه حسين القريشي
Supervisor name: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This dissertation aims at making the Arabs and researchers realize the major aspects of the British - Irish relations in most dangerous period, the Second World War. This study follows up the reasons behind the Irish state refusing of the British demands of the military facilities, especially the using of the Irish ports as well. Moreover, the study discusses the nature of political relations between Britain and Ireland during the Second World War and its effects on war.The study begin in 1939,because it is the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Second World War and at end in 1945 in which Hitler’s defeating in Europe. The study falls into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the researcher sheds light on historical background of the British - Irish relations. This chapter focuses on the British occupation of Ireland from early time and the political developments of the relations between Britain and Ireland since the Irish independence up to September 1939.In the second chapter the researcher studies the British - Irish relations from the outbreak of the Second World War up to 1941.The researcher focuses on the Irish attitude towards the military developments of war since early time up to U.S.A. declaration of war against the Aix powers, the British efforts to get the military facilities from Ireland, and follows up the reasons behind the Irish state to refuse the British demands.The chapter three devoted to discuss the international developments and its results on the British - Irish relations from 1942 up to 1943.The researcher focuses on the U.S.A. efforts to improve the British - Irish relations, the Irish reactions on the landing of the American troops on the north Ireland, and the Irish resistance of the Allied demands of the putting up the propaganda and spy of the Aix powers in Ireland. Finally, this chapter deals with the Welch’s visiting to London and its effects on the British - Irish relations. The last chapter devotes to deal with the continuance of the British demands from 1943 up to 1945.The researcher tries to discuss the Irish resistance of the British demands on dismissing of the Aix diplomats from Ireland, the Irish attitude towards the last developments of war, the British demands not to grant asylum to war criminals of the Aix powers, and its demands to hand over the German detainees in Ireland.As for the conclusion, it is as a summary of the most important results that the researcher arrived it
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الثورة المكسيكية 1910 - 1940 : دراسة تاريخية == The Mexican Revolution 1910 - 1940 Historical Study

Author name: عقيل جعيز شمخي السهلاني
Supervisor name: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Did not receive historical and political issues for countries the Americas interest academic studies in Iraq, except for the study of the history of the United States and positions on many issues around the world, to the United States from a broad relationships global position as a major country, so it remained date the Americas states unknown is not addressed to him only through the study of European history since the start of the geographical statements, because of the political weight of Europe in that era, and the strength of the ruling European households able to roots date manufactured in the Americas, and stuck to the lead in writing and drafted in accordance with the historical and the European political perspective. Given the changing political situation in the Americas as a result of the liberation movements of European colonialism, especially after the American War of Independence in 1776, linked the peoples of the Americas Association of law, citizenship and belonging and state sovereignty in a new way. This has resulted in all the new events and new variables from which emerged the new date as part independently of European history, and it became necessary to study the history completely independent way from what it was before independence. It is fitting that academic studies trending in Iraq toward areas and historical issues that has not received sufficient attention commensurate historical value new perspective, emphasizes the study of circumstances and experiences of these countries and the size of the similarity between them and the Arab states in the tragedy of division and retail inherited Arab and American countries of European colonization, including where Iraq. Before that democracy achieved in many American states, had to pass through several stages of the struggle, succeeded in some of them, and failed in others, but the struggle for democracy has never abated, it has witnessed the Americas in the early twentieth century revolutions several In order to achieve democracy was the most important subject of the study of the Mexican Revolution. The importance of this revolution back to several reasons, not necessarily called for the study was the most important. Historical extension of the revolution, because the revolution was the outcome of political and social developments and serious economic passed out of Mexico since the Spanish occupation in 1519 have until the fall of dictatorship under Broferrio Diaz in 1910 at the hands of Francisco Madero. That era that changed the moral concepts of the social level, and made Mexico ample vast American intervention at the political level, a cheap commodity and foreign investment in the market at the economic level. The Revolution the lead in advocating the values of socialism worldwide and the first missionary out, as it was the first revolution in the twentieth century has inspired a lot of American States freedom and independence, thus this would be a major historical turning point towards global socialism that has taken root quite the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its ideology of Marxism in 1917, but the revolution in Mexico has not received as much attention is given to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason for this is the different ideological visions between the two revolutions, and the export of socialist principles mechanism for other countries, Russia has worked on the export of the socialist doctrine of the world, and Mexico provided only in the framework of American States. The length of time it took the Revolution, which lasted forty years, in which he expressed a continuing insistence of the Mexican people to aspire to freedom and to the establishment of a civil state based on democratic institutions. Mexico also saw a succession in which many governments because of the large number of political conflicts and growing competition in the access to the top of the pyramid of government in the state, as well as changes in the political arena of uprisings and rebellions and counter - revolutions. Permanent political conflict between Mexico and the United States because of the border overlap between the two countries, and the continuation of hatred between the two peoples, because remnants of the Mexican - American War 1846 - 1848, which manifested itself what is known as (b waiver Mexican) all from Texas, Florida and Chrinland to the United States, as well as US concerns Mexico from being sucked toward the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union in the framework of the World Socialist capitalist race. The class struggle, who grew up under the dictatorship of Diaz, whose impact on the overall social relations in Mexico, which split the Mexican community and the jurisprudence of the two categories of workers, farmers, and gave rise to a lot of uprisings and revolts and strikes led to the result of dismembering the society which form difficult to contain conflicting attitudes in under the Mexican Revolution. So a lot of those so - revolution social revolution. Revolution split into two phases, the first armed struggle involved and spread within the period 1910 - 1920, the second is the stage of the reconstruction of Mexico from 1920 to 1940. And the size of the political challenges faced in the context of those eras. The aim of the study is to show the importance of this revolution, and the analysis of the roles that passed out politically, socially and economically, which crossed the whole for (unanimously for the birth of Mexico current), as well as the desire that this study be suitable to understand a lot of problems that are related to American history away ground import perceptions of Western literature and studies. Besides contributing to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi libraries studying this historic area. Was chosen in 1910, the beginning of the subject, because it is the year that was sparked by the revolution at the hands of Francisco Madero, and fell by the Government Breviro Diaz after thirty - four years of dictatorial rule passage, and your search is over in 1940 after the end of Cardenas rule which put an end to the end of the revolution, so Btamima Mexican oil and apply it the Law of Agrarian Reform and lay Constitution, which was founded on the jurisprudence of the modern Republic of Mexico and the handover of the National Revolutionary Party, which lasted for the next sixty years
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دور كنعان ايفرين السياسي والعسكري في تركيا (1980 - 1989) == The Role Of Kenan Evren Political And Military In Turkey (1980 - 1989 )

Author name: فضاء حازم عبد الحسين المحمداوي
Supervisor name: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The thesis is The role of Kenan Evren political and military In Turkey (1980 - 1989) This study centres on the political and military role of General Kenan Evrin in the contemporary history of Turkey for the years 1980 - 1989. Gen. Evrin is considered a character that had a direct impact on the historical events in Turkey , for he played a major role in the economic , political and social changes in modern Turkey, particularly after he led the coup d'etat in 1980 and became the head of the national security council and finally the president of the Turkish Republic until his resignation in 1989. What has characterized this study is its tackling of important subjects such as the motives behind the coup and the US role in it , and all the political , social , economic and foreign policy transformations that ensued from it.because of the importance of this period in the interned policy of Turkey and the absence of an academic research in Iraqi libraries that converse that important political period. This study falls into an introduction , three chapters , a conclusion and some appendices.The introduction investigates the nature of the interior and foreign situations in Turkey as well as the factors behind the processes making the political decisions.Chapter One sheds light on the motives that prompted the coup in 1980 , the formation of a military government headed by Kenan Evrin , and its decisions. The chapter also deals with the drafting of 1982 constitution and putting it to a referendum.Chapter Two studies Evrin's role in the interior and foreign policies of Turkey and all the changes that came as a result of the coup. Additionally, this chapter tackles the importance of the decisions and fiats taken by Evrin concerning the interior issues in Turkey such as the problem of the Kurdish and Armenian minorities. Chapter Three deals with the foreign policies of Turkey under President Kenan Evrin from a fundamental reality which is that Turkey is major country bordering on the Arab world and has an important strategic geographical posision in addition to its strong relationships with the west , especially the United States of America.The 1980 coup came as a response to some political, security , social and economis issues witnessed by Turkey during the 1970s , and the emergence of many attempts to redraw the political map of Turkey. These factors are the causes that motivated the military leaders to interefere in the political life and the imposition of their conditions and procedures concerning political participation in Turkey. This study addressed a historical ear that it was very important for history of Turkey , The Internal situation and external international political and military did a big tolyto get a leader with qualities (Kenan Evrin ) to the rule and not get 1970of the last centery with clear development in infrastructure for Turk society ( Agricultural - inclusterial - tracle ) for Turk society but it couldn’t do a successful solutions to it. but Turk did through this act and tried to develop its democratic. And it helped to establish political parties which got its chance to its political goals , Who did its goals dnd trieclto do with ideas with wrong ways , This practices lead to dangerway during 1970 , Some of them used a political violence to get the power , So the Turk society may get a civil war , The governments which get the power were so weak and couldn’t do or to solve any problems in this decade. Kenan Evren has got a military person that he had a high position in Turkish government. He believed with Mostafa Kamels concepts that take responsibility to keep them after threats and me got in Ataturk celebration in 1980. Which tried to get rid of terrorism and political violence. And tried to repair the damage in the country. The coup in 1980 which came for the political developments and socio - economic - security political witnessed Turkey. in 1970 and many efforts which appeared to make a political map in Turkey and efforts. These evidence were to military leaders with their terms in politics. This is which happened after in 1980 and the issuance of the constitution in 1982 with the other procedures.
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه الهند (1964 - 1972) == United State Of America Policy Toward India (1964 - 1972)

Author name: حيدر عبد العالي جبر
Supervisor name: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف الخلق اجمعين محمد المصطفى واله الطيبين الطاهرين......اما بعد...فان دراسة السياسة الخارجية الاميركية تحظى باهمية كبيرة في التاريخ الدولي المعاصر؛ لان فهم تلك السياسة اصبح ضرورة ملحة؛ نظرا لكونها تشكل القطب | The study tries to study an important topic which is related to the international relation ,more specifically it is American - Indian relations. After Indian gained its independence in 1947, it endeavored to build her bases foreign policy to ensure its independence and to prevent itself from any external interference detrimental, especially after the beginning of the cold war between to main poles United States and Soviet Union.In that period the events an any place of the world had affected by this relation between tow poles in way or Another the cold war synchronized within India's independence, so it endeavored to keep its independence by following neutrality policy. Then talk about the thesis of American - Indian relations in the era of President Nixon and Johnson during the period 1964 - 1972oukd Tenth three ministers and heads of Indians are Jawaharlal Nehru، Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi varied according to the United Alaqtbalolayat international circumstances and the problems faced by India.The study divided the five chapters and an introduction and a conclusion, with supplements, and the first chapter titled stages of the American political evolution, and was divided into two sections presidents first dealt with the concept of foreign policy of the United States to recognize the historical context of the concept, while the second section focused on the mechanisms American political decision - making. As for the second chapter, which came titled US policy toward India 1947 - 1964 he served as an introductory chapter indispensable gives a clear and focused on US policy for the period that preceded the duration of the study image, has been divided into four topics Head first section dealt with the strategic importance of India for US policy, while highlighted the second section highlights the Indian - American political relations, has been highlighted and adequately on the nature of those relationships during the Eisenhower and Kennedy, while singled out the third section of the policy of the United States economic toward India, and in this study were addressed this aspect something detail; to understand its importance in American policy tools. The fourth section, which dealt with the position of the United States towards the Indian foreign conflicts, this section included three axes Axis I touched on US policy toward India - Pakistan conflict over Kashmir state, indicating the most prominent positions Washington from that conflict and the other Axis Turning to the US position on the Sino - Indian war in 1962, which saw the US support and clear the Indian side and the third axis focused on the United States 'position in the Indian conflict - Portuguese on "Goa" region (Goa) 1961, highlighting the United States' position from that conflict and its reflection on the US - India relations. While the Third chapter focused on political Johnson to internal developments in India 1964 - 1968 This chapter section on the three sections Head as eating the first part, the Johnson administration's position on the pay Shastri - Andrigandhi prime minister of India, and in this section the focus was to see the position of Washington political changes after the death of Nehru, and how to deal with these variables, while the second section focused on Johnson's policy toward Indian food crisis of 1965 - 1967, and finally focused on the position of the third section of the Johnson administration to developments in the Indian nuclear file 1964 - 1968. While highlighted in the fourth chapter on the attitudes of mutual countries towards key issues such as the Indian armament issues that separated in the first section of this chapter, and devoted the second topic to talk about the Indian position on the Vietnam issue and its impact on their relationship with the United States, while the third section focused on US position from the second Kashmir war in 1965. The final chapter has focused on Nixon's policy towards India 1969 - 1972 has been divided into four first Investigation eat the nature of American - Indian relations during the period above, while the second topic of Indian - Soviet relations and their impact on US relations, and the third on the Nixon administration's position on the repercussions Bengali crisis and, finally, the fourth section focused on the US position of the outbreak of the 1971 India - Pakistan war.The study was based on a number of diverse sources, which published documents formed the basic source material for scientific material, these documents have supported the basic references, by people who were directly related to the events.Finally, I hope that I have been successful in my modest knowledge of the extent commensurate with the subject of the study, and it may be that I have been able to prepare an academic study draws in that period of American policy toward India landmarks.
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مشكلة المان السوديتفي تشيكوسلوفاكيا 1938 - 1946 == Sudeten Germans Problem In Czechoslovakia 1938 - 1946

Author name: علي عبود محمد
Supervisor name: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This research dealt with the problem of Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia from the conference of Munich of 1938 up to 1946. This topic is very important. This research divided into introduction, preface, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the historical background of the Sudeten Germans - Czech relations from early times up to September 1938.The first chapter focused on the conference of Munich of 1938 and its effects on the Sudeten Germans problem, establishment of the second state of Czechoslovakia, the attitude of Sudeten Germans towards the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939,the Czech political efforts in exile to get a recognition of the great powers of the Czech new state in exile, and their efforts to persuade the Great powers to deportation of Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia after the end of war. The Second chapter discussed the problem of Student Germans from March 1945 up to May 1945.This chapter explained the liberation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet and American troops, and its effects on the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia. The chapter dealt with the attitude of new Czech state towards the Sudeten Germans during this period. The third chapter discussed the problem of Sudeten Germans from June 1945 up to 1946.This period witnessed operations of deportation of Sudeten Germans by Czech peoples and government. The chapter dealt with the Potsdam conference and its effects on the Sudeten Germans
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قاعدة ويلس واثرها في العلاقات الامريكية الليبية 1951 - 1970 == Wheelus Military Base And Its Effect Upon Libyan American Relations 1951 - 1970

Author name: اكرام حسن كامل الكعبي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Wheelus Military Base and its Effect upon Libyan - American Relations 1951 - 1970.The Wheelus Military base has been considered as one of the most important bases in the American strategic considerations since its location has a strategic importance relative to other American bases in the Middle East and Europe. Further, this base has enjoyed increasing significance in respect to the rising tension between the United States and Soviet Union during the cold war. Accordingly, Keeping the presence of American power in that base has taken an essential domain in its policy towards Libya in particular and the Middle East in general. Thus, this work is conducted for an attempt to shed light on the importance of this base in exposing the relations between America and Libya and showing its impact on the region where Al - Nasitisin and its national trend have been rising clearly and it has affected Arabic public opinion supported by the Soviet Union. The thesis is choosing 1951 as a starting point for discussion since this period declared Libyan Independence and it made a pact with the United States focusing on managing the American presence in that base. In addition, 1970 is considered the end of the period being argued in this work for it represents the American withdrawal from the base.The work consists of an introduction, preliminaries and four chapters besides a conclusion. In the preliminaries, the Italia occupation against Libya in 1911 is preliminaries, the Italia occupation against Libya in 1911 is presented and discussed. That occupation had established an airport in 1923 near Trebles sued for repressing the public resistance, and how this airport became the American control during the Second World War. Also, this chapter includes a discussion about the American interest in this airport after the war and about how America was managing it till 1951 when The United States supported Libyan independence in the United Nations on the basis of holding a pact aiming at its guaranteed existence in the airport which Iately became known as Wheelus Base.The first chapter devoted to explain the Importance of the Base in U.S. - Libyan relations and Its effect in renewal it (1951 - 1954), and the talks that held about it and its renewal in 1954. The second chapter that entitled (the effect of Base in U.S - Libyan relations between 1955 - 1969. We dealt also with the increasing of importance of the Base in close relations between U.S. and Libya 1955 - 1964. We dealt with coolness of U.S. - Libyan relations as well.The third chapter interested in the popular position in Libya towards the Base.We explained the impact on the U.S. - Libyan Relations till 1969. It explained also the impact of Nassir's Speech on foreign bases in Libya, and Its effect in inflammation this situation. The four chapter entitled ((Wheelus Base and the U.S. - Libyin Relations after 1969 Coup detet 1969 - 1970)) concerned with the negotiations between the two parties that led to evacuate the base
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مصلحة الموانئ العراقية 1958 - 1963 : دراسة تاريخية لفعاليات دوائرها وانجازاتها في ضوء مجلة الموانئ == A Historical Study Of The Activities, Achievement And Department Of Iraqiport Corporation From 1958 To 1963 In The Light Of Al - Mawani Magazine

Author name: فادية يعكوب يوسف
Supervisor name: كاظم باقر علي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraqi Port Corporation from 1958 to 1963 : A Historical Study The study deals with the activities, achievements and various departments of Iraqi Port Corporation (IPC). The study consists of an introduction and analysis to the references consulted. It sheds light, also, on the magazine which was published by IPC after the revolution of July 14, 1958. The magazine covered the different activities of IPC. Editors specified a peculiar approach from the first day of publication to the cancellation of the magazine after the coup of February 8, 1963. The magazine is considered as an important reference that identifies the achievements of the IPC because it depends on the archive of the corporation which is full of important documents. It was considered as an encyclopedia because it tacked different topic in literature, sport and culture in general. The contributors wrote on different topics as translations of Aramaic poetry and English poetry.Chapter Two tackles the achievements of IPC like salary increase and supplying suitable housing for the employees; Chapter Three covers daywages workers. Those people were not well paid unlike contractors who used to hire them who received the highest charge. Chapter Four deals with the sport achievement of Port Sport Club as the pioneer club in the area. It was responsible for the development of sport activities of IPC and for setting up different types of sport activities especially in football, basketball, volleyball, body building and weight lifting. The study has arrived at some conclusions which can be concluded in the following : 1 - IPC was a British foundation in terms of administration and organization.2 - IPC witnessed remarkable expansion and development from 1915 to 1917 and from 1941 to 1945 due to the world wars. 3 - IPC witnessed a drastic development after the 1958 revolution when General Mizhir Al - Shawi became DG of the corporation. He exerted a remarkable effort to develop IPC. One of his achievements was the layoff of all British employees.4 - IPC provided different services to the employees when General Al - Shawi provided suitable housing to all the staff.5 - Parallel to his achievements at the level, Al - Shawi was keen to develop and improve the reputation of IPC at the international level by providing the beat service to the ships.6 - Platform workers were provided with the best equipment that played a vital role in the development of their work. 7 - Workshops for maintenance were established during the era of Al - Shawi.8 - Sport activities were strongly supported by DG of the corporation at that time Mr. Al - Shawi.
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الملاحة في الانهر العراقية وموقف القبائل العراقية العربية منها 1869 - 1914 == The Navigation In Iraq Rivers And The Position Of The Iraqi Arabian Tribes, From It During 1869 - 1914

Author name: فراس ابراهيم حميد التميمي
Supervisor name: حسين علي المصطفى
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: There is no doubt that God specialized Iraq with many characteristics that are not found at many states. So they followed many rivers and the people took their navigable agriculture and trade roads. Each country had its own geographical position that had its features but the role of that position was dangerous in history such as Iraq. Iraq is away between west and east and it occurred in the center of the Islamic world. Iraq is called as Mesopotamia because of the presence of Tigris and Euphrates, where their presence and the integration of Iraqi man had great role of Iraqi civilization since the ancient times, as well as their use for transporting goods form north of Iraq to the south. The concern startled with divagation in Iraqi rivers arguments since many centuries and this is confirmed by the archaeological waste and old Iraqi blogs. The water ways were the main means to transport people and good for ancient Iraqi people. the reason behind the wide spread of using this means is the presence water wags in Mesopotamia and easiness of using them. Wherever less using of these roads, the rivers wags helped the Iraqi people to use them for many purposes in their military and commercial uses, where information military indicates. most of the military and commercial activities that made by the Iraqi people in that time, they were using ships of their cities like Akd Babylon and Ur, and this is why the Iraqi kings concerned with navigation because of its important role in enhancing their military and capacities since the year 572 BC. The King Nebuchadnezzar had cleared the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the canals had been built to simplify the navigation in the two rivers and made them good for relive the ships that came from the Arab gulf. The nineteenth - century was a turning point in the history of Iraq in general and in particular the commercial transporting in particular especially the navigation rivers that the age was the early beginning of the commercial transporting in Iraq. This significantly contributed to fulfil the interests in the development of river navigation, and as a result it was enjoyed by Iraqi strategic location between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf. The incidence transport on the road to India whereby in Iraq during the past third and fourth of the nineteenth century the process of scanning the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and proved those. However, operations validity River Tigris navigation mandate of Med hat Pasha of Iraq being of contributed navigation an important role in the development of economic and social conditions in Iraq, with the opening of the Suez Canal and enter the modern transportation led to the occurrence of significant shifts in the Iraqi economy in the forefront of growth and expansion of the movement of internal and external trade.the navigation in Iraq collapsed with the emergence of some of the new Iraqi cities along the Tigris River in particular.this has been become a being of areas where ships stop river transport companies, such as the castle town Salah and other cities. the importance of navigation in those rivers in Iraq was for Iraqi Tribes dwelling on the banks of rivers attitude no matter which was Petard hatha continuing on vessels operating in the collapsed The terms were behind those exposures are a number of reasons it was the first of the policy by the Ottoman authorities so those tribes started to make exposure to commercial vessels as it has taken this technique as a tool. pressure on the Ottoman authorities for the purpose of reconsidering its policy direction of the clans, or use Britain as a tool to pressure the government of the Ottoman when they are on British ships, was also one of the reasons the ongoing conflicts between the tribes themselves, so the authorities tried to Ottoman and British all means to gain the trust of the elders clan or resort to force if necessary to end the exposures clan and punished.
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الصراع الاندونيسي - الماليزي 1962 - 1966 == The Indonesian - Malaysian Conflict 1962 - 1966

Author name: فاطمة جاسم محمد الخزاعي
Supervisor name: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present thesis deals with a fundamental historical topic represented in the Indonesian - Malaysian conflict 1962 - 1966. The researcher has made a careful approach and offered an objective diagnosis of the main causes and consequences of such conflict. The choice of this topic was motivated by the regional importance of the area which Indonesia and Malaysia occupy in Asia itself and for the international interests. The present research endeavored to identify how the confrontation was originated and developed. Sabah and Sarawak islands were the centre of the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia and the underlying conflict between the Socialism - Imperialism cold in south - east Asia. The significance of the time duration is justified by the fact that 1962 represents the announcement of the Malaysian Union which includes Malayan Union, Singapore, Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. In addition to this, 1962 was the year in which the Indonesian Opposition was formed to counteract the union. On the other end, 1966 was the end date for such conflict upon signing a peace treaty between Indonesia and Malaysia after Sukarno was dethroned and the coming of Suharto to the deck. Indonesia recognized Sabah and Sarawak islands as Malaysian territory. The present thesis was structured purposefully as follows : The introductory chapter encapsulated a brief introduction on the main topic, the reason of the choice of the topic, the methodology of the research and a brief analysis of the available references. This chapter also presents the reader with a geographical analysis of the south - east Asia , especially Indonesia and Malaysia. It also traces the nature of the historical relations between the Malaysian states and Indonesia as well as the Indonesian - Malawian relations prior to the formation of the Malaysian Union between (1945 - 1961). Chapter 2 elaborates on the efforts being undertaken in forming the Malaysian Union in addition to the opposition of Brunei Sultanate in 1962. Chapter 3 came to enunciate a comprehensive definition for the Confrontation Policy in and Malaysian Union formation in 1963. There were various reactions towards the formation of such union at the international level. This chapter explores the steps of the Malaysian union in the 16th of July, 1963 and the regional positions towards it. Chapter 4 is dedicated to develop a clear perspective on the position held by the United States towards the Indonesian - Malaysian conflict in 1964. Chapter 5 underlines the separation of Malaysia and the Indonesian - Malaysian relations during the period between 1965 - 1966. The present study came up with a number of conclusions and suggestions for further research projects to take the subject matter further on the reason why Indonesia failed to prevent the formation of the Malaysian union despite its opposition and the military conflict which last for 4 years
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الموقف المصري من الحركة الوطنية التونسية 1945 - 1956 == Egyptian Attitude Of The Tunisian National Movement 1945 - 1956

Author name: حمادي سلمان حمادي الفلاحي
Supervisor name: كهلان كاظم حلمي القيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
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الازمة التشيكوسلوفاكية 5 كانون الثاني - 26 اب لسنة 1968

Author name: عيسى سعد عيسى
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد هايس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The crisis began Czechoslovak on the fifth of January 1968 on the impact of isolating President Antui Novotny from the presidencya of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and handed the chairmanship political Slovak Alexander Dubk a policy reform has adopted the latest political reform known as the Prague Spring, and this, and since the first day he Dubcek conduct A number of economic reforms and internal and external political and even reforms included the role of the Communist Party in the state which led to the isolation of elements of anti - reform and replaced them with elements of the Communist Party who believe in change for the advancement of the country after being hit by paralysis in all respects, and that's what exciting leaders Soviets and the countries of NATO and laid They accused Dubcek trying to get out of the socialist bloc despite the emphasis on friendship and treaties that bind Czechoslovak with the rest of the block, especially after The introduction of Dubcek work program of the government reform, prompting the Soviet Union to the request for a large number of meetings in several areas in Dresden and in the laid Moscow and Tichernand Tissot and finally in Bratislava, and all of these meetings ask Dubcek and the government to stop the work program, which aims to deviation in the ideology of the Communist Party, but that Dubcek and reformist government influenced walk towards the complete funeral approval of the terms of the government's program, and when he did not find the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Bloc ears foreach funeral During the meetings, decided to use a military solution to crush this spring, which intends to change sex Czechoslovak from a communist state to a capitalist country and this money allows him and this set off Soviet tanks with the help of Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and East Germany in the atheist Twenty - August 1968 and arrested Dubcek and all the leaders Astalahin to Moscow, and the plan was to replace the government with elements of the conservative Mullen of the Soviet Union, but the public pressure at home led to the failure of the plan of the Soviet Union ensued unrest, demonstrations and sit - ins across the Czechoslovak demanding returns Dubcek and his comrades, forcing the Union of Soviet change plans and bowed to pressure the Interior arose in dialogue with Dubcek and his comrades under pressure President Czechoslovak and fear of Ceylon blood of the people Czechoslovak agreed Dubcek and his comrades Protocol Moscow and the implementation of all policies included in previous meetings, which led to the loss of confidence of the people driving after their return and gradually isolate the elements of reform and returned the situation to McCann before the fifth From January 1968 until the that Dubcek Slovak leader resigned and became an ambassador in Turkey as a result of the policy of normalization Frdaha the Union USSR Czechoslovak on.
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محمد صديق شنشل ودوره السياسي في العراق حتى عام 1959

Author name: سمير عبد الرسول عبد الله العبيدي
Supervisor name: غازي دحام فهد المرسومي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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السياسة الداخليــة لحكومة الحزب الديمقراطي في تركيا 1950 - 1960 == The Internal Policy Of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960

Author name: عطارد عبد الامير حوشان
Supervisor name: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The thesis is The Internal Policy of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960because of the importance of this period in the interned policy of Turkey and the absence of an academic research in Iraqi libraries that converse that important political periodThe research in divided into an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with (the internal circumstance of Turkey after the Second World War 1945 - 1950). It explain the political and economic circumstances of Turkey and the motivations at to westernization.The first chapter studied The Internal Policy of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960. It focused on the political circumstances of Turkey and now the Democratic party got into power and the most important procedures it followed after getting into powerThe Second chapter dealt with (the Social and Economic Achievements of the Democrats , Government 1950 - 1960). It studied the economic situations of the country after the Domination , and its best economic achievements.Finally , chapter four included (27th may 1960 coup and the End of the Democratic Government). It dealt with the main reasons that lead the army to coup against the Democratic party.Thus even though the Democratic party was from its start in 1946 , a gathering of separated bureaucrats from People Republic party ) , it was able to win , through the elections of 1950 , overPeople Republic party. The reason was that the people of Turkey aimed to the democracy that the Democratic party called for since its nomination for the elections. In spite of that the Democratic party was not different in its philosophy from the six principles of the People Republic party it announced before twenty five years ago which are (republic , secularism, nationality , internationality , popularity and coup). It gave a new meaning for these principles especially the one related to (nationality) because the Democratic party aimed to liberal economic policy , which encouraged both foreign and private Turkish enterprises.The economic policy followed by the Democratic party after gaining power in 1950 helped to gain the support of the population. That policy was the main reason for its over whelming triumph in the elections of 1950 and 1954 , because the changes and developments witnessed in the economic field during the first half of the 1950 was clearly seer in the change that happened in the fields of agriculture industry and tradeIn fact the triumph of the Turkish Democratic party represents a peaceful revolution through the social changes that happened in the Turkish community especially that which brought back some of the traditions known in the ottoman period and were forbidden in Mustafa Kamal era. The leaders of the Democratic party found that the main reason for their over whelming triumph in the elections of 1950 was the farmers who voted intensely. And because these farmers were very religious , it was an obligation to satisfy them and facilitate their religious rituals In addition , Mandaris found that the communism ideas and principles were beginning to spread throughout Turkey especially in towns after the second World War and the triumph of the Soviet the union.so , Mandaris thought that religions faith could stand against communist in Turkey Mandaris expressed his indulgence towards Islam because that faith is the Turkish soul faith and that thise faith dosnt , have any relation to the system and positive laws of the reign.But his concept of religion and secularism , though was very easy for the educated people to realize ,was very difficult to accept or understand by the villagers who found in the days thereligious indulgence an indication of going balk to of caliphate. This causes the return and activation of religious rituals and courses as well as attacking secularism and demanding its abolition.Thus It can be said that the Democratic party didn’t neglect Ataturkism but it did its best to achieve its political benefits. this is manifested in its indulgence with the religious issue in Turkey throughout the years 1950 - 1960. It is very important to mention that reducing reservations in the multi - party period in general and especially in the period of the Democratic party prepared the conditions for Islam to play a very important role in Turkish policy Later on.The period of the Democratic party reign , on the other hand , witnessed a noticeable development in the field of education , though it was below the ambitions of the public because of the defect in the procedures. Never the less , secondary and higher education waitressed a noticeable development in the Democratic party period through the opening of many primary shads especially in the Turkish rural area that lacks them , and the increase of the number of students in primary and scandal schools , in addition to opening schools to train men of religion and opening new institutes and universities and sending missions to America. But this development doesn’t last for a long time. It stars to fail because of bad planning. The lack in the budget of the government caused inflation which affected education especially the educational faculty.It is right to say that the reach of the Democratic party to power in that period was appropriate for the country from the point of view of the Turkish people who was ambitious to get more freedom. The public was also ambitious to make social, economic and political changes away from the reality the country was suffering from. That is why the Democratic government depended , from its tart , on the support of the Turkish people , especially after the multi - party system that the country witnessed , and after the religious , social and economic changes that got theacceptance of the Turkish community , especially with the religious freedom in the country nevertheless the party couldn’t continue the triumphs it witnessed at the beginning of its reign especially after the economic failures of the country in the last years of the Democratic reign , that is after 1955.The regress of some of the educational institutions contributed to stir up the university student who became after that one of the reasons for the coup of 1960.Finally , all these procedures contributed to deteriorate the popularity of the Democratic party who tried to avoid its effects by advancing the date of public election in 1957 instead of 1958. It insisted on suppressing and restraining the opposition and limiting press freedom in addition to its policy in involving the army in politics. All these procedures lead to deepen the social, political and economic crises. These reasons caused the army to intrude and lead the coup of 27 May 1960 and the end of the Democratic party Government.Thus , When the Democratic party got into power it achieved. what the public looked for in that period. Although the end of its reign happened because of some failures , this doesn't mean that the party didn’t make social , economic and political change in the country , Especially that its reign caused a basic changes in the Turkish policy which kept off from the single party system and was recognized by the multi party policy which Turkey never witnessed before the reach of the Democratic party into power , in addition to what have been mentioned of the economic social and other military developments. Thus the period of the Democratic party was one of the important periods in Turkish history which needs study
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احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني 1939 - 1944م == The Conditions Of Jews In Poland Through The German Occupation 1939 - 1944

Author name: محمد قاسم علوان البهادلي
Supervisor name: فوزي خلف شويل
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناول هذه الدراسة موضوع تاريخي مهم، يتمثل في احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني (1939 - 1944). وتركزت اهمية الموضوع في تحليل طبيعة السياسة التي انتهجها قادة اليهود البولنديين في تعاملهم مع المحتلين الالمان واثر ذلك على السكان اليهود والمجتمع البو | This study addressed the topic of important historical, It is the conditions of the Jews in Poland during the German occupation (1939 - 1944). The importance of the subject centered in the analysis of the nature of the policy that pursue it by the leaders of the Polish Jews in their dealings with the German occupiers and its impact on the Jewish population and the Polish society in general, and clarify the behavior patterns and their intellectual transformations, and political, ideological dimensions associated with German policy. As well as clarify attitude the parties and organizations of the Jewish and the Jewish population in dealing with these, response, rejection, and adaptable, as well as know closely on the nature of the racist behavior of systems and laws of the German occupation and the extent of its impacts on the Jewish population in Poland, and how power and influence of the international attitude.The study was divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter show conditions of Jews in Poland the economic, social, cultural, educational and political under the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).Second Chapter Studied German occupation policy toward the Jews in Poland in the domain of political, economic, health and the circumstances that led to the formation of the Poilsh - Jewish councils and practices it of the policy of occupation against the Jewish population and the role of the Jewish police in that during (1939 - 1942). The third chapter addressed across four researches of Jewish insurgency movement that objection to policies Council and the Jewish police, then limited this role on a small group of Jews in 1943, whose did not welcome popularly, and attitude the power of occupation from the rebels Jews such as close the Warsaw Ghetto and so on. The third research discussed the role of the Polish ghettos except the Warsaw Ghetto in the armed movement against the German occupation. The fourth research the attitude of the Polish government in exile of the conditions of Jews in Poland.The fourth Chapter addressed destiny Polish Jews after the end of the ghettos, and clarify the role of the Polish underground to help Jews escapees whose hiding in the forests and cities that they thought it that safe from occupation, and studied the third research the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, to be this research pioneer the third research which dealt with the role Jews in the Warsaw Uprising then it did not notice the desired role despite Polish support to Jews during rebellion April, 1943. The conclusion focused on the most important conclusions that output from the study.
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميريكية تجاه القضية الالمانية 1969 - 1974 في ضوء الوثائق الاميريكية == The Policy Of United States Of America Towards The German Question (1969 - 1974) (In Terms The American Documents)

Author name: عبادي احمد عبادي
Supervisor name: كاظم باقر علي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Present dissertation aims at studying the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969 - 1974 , and knowing the causes and the affections that made it to adopt this policy. It presents the affections of the United States policy in the political statement in Germany, especially the development of the political relations with the Federal Germany because of the American Administration disagreement to consider the Democratic Germany as an independent state. United States of America refused to establish a diplomatic relations with Democratic Germany. The present study illustrates that United States of America has diplomatic relations with the Federal Germany only. It sheds light on the policy of some other countries towards the German question,especially the Soviet Union. The American Policy towards the German question cannot be understood and followed unless the policy of the other countries should be dealt with since the policy of these countries affects, and it is affected with such a matter is resulted from the interrelation among the political and historical events in this respect. Some questions concerning the topic have been asked and the researcher tries to answer this questions.The study starts with 1969 which is the beginning of Nixon’s presidency in United States of America and Brandt as the Chancellor of Federal Germany.Their are began as a (( New Era )) in the political relationships between the East and the West that based on the cooperation instead of being so strict in order to find a score solution to the important political questions like the German question. In addition to this, they adopted such policy to decrease the tension and to support the security and peace in Europe. 1974 Comes as the end of the present study with the end of the Nixon’s and Brandt’s Presidency.The dissertation consists of an introduction , four Chapters, conclusions and appendances. The First chapter is considered as an introduction to the topic in order to know the historical origins of the American policy towards the German question throughout the historical development of this policy and it’s affections in the development of the political and the economic situations in Germany and the relationship with the Great States, especially the relationship with the Soviet Union and the Countries that have legitimacy to rule Germany as Occupation forces. It is the matter that initiates for the competition between the two forces concerning the power in territories in Europe generally and in Germany particularly, According to the competition between United States of America and the Soviet Union, The Cold War break out. The Cold War that happened caused the division of Germany into two countries and crystallized the establishment of the Federal Germany 1949. The Federal Germany has been rearmed and accepted to be a member in NATO in 1955. United States did so in order to prevent the Russian leverage in Western Europe. It can be also considered as an advanced centre to defend the American interests in this region. the Soviet Union established the Democratic Germany in 1949 Which has been rearmed and accepted as a member in Warsaw Pact in 1955. The Chapter concentrated on the American policy towards Berlin Crisis in 1958 and it’s results in constricting Berlin Wall in 1961. The Chapter dealt with all the reasons behind the failure reunifying Germany. The Chapter dealt with the causes and the variables that made United States of America re - estimating it’s policy towards the Soviet Union after Berlin Crisis. And the influence of the American policy on the policy of the Federal Germany before the presidency of Nixon. The second Chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969. It explains the influence of Nixon’s presidency in the diplomatic relations towards the Soviet Union and is reflections on the German question. The researcher, In this chapter, focuses on the reasons and motivations that made Nixon adapting such a policy and implementing it towards the Soviet Union. The chapter dealt with the policy of United States towards the second Crisis of Berlin in 1969 and the initiation ofthe diplomatic interaction between Nixon and the Soviet Leaders in order to reach at a suitable solution concerning the political questions that disturb both sides. The chapter dealt with the election of the Parliament in Federal Germany.The results of election Brandt’s success to be Chancellor. Brandt declares that he will adopt the policy of Ostpolitik with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe in order to establish the bridge of trust and communication and to find a peaceful settlement for the German question and to end the tension and to support security in Europe. The chapter illustrated the reasons and the strategic targets that made Federal Germany adopting the policy of Ostpolitik with the East. The chapter focused on the American position towards the declaration of the policy of Ostpolitik which made United States feels anxious about it’s interests because of the policy of Federal Germany. In the same time, the chapter explains the causes that made United States supporting the Ostpolitikwith the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe countries. The chapter dealt with the positions of the other big notions toward the Ostpolitik in order to understand the American position as a result to the influence of these positions in the German question.The Third chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1970 - 1971. The chapter dealt with negotiations between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland and the Democratic Germany and The American Position towards it. However the American Position is characterized with supporting the negotiations. The chapter focused on the American position towards the “Agreement of Moscow” between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union in the 12th of August 1970 and the “Agreement of Warsaw” between the Federal Germany and Poland in the 7th of December 1970, concerning the refreshment of the political relationships and the recognition of the border lines at that time. These two agreements are considered as turning points in the history of policy between the east and the west of Europe. Accordingly, United States re - estimated it’s diplomacy to suite the new conditions in the constriction of the political relationships with European Countries especially with its main ally, Federal Germany. This matter is embodied with the issue of a group of principles to guide the policy from the American interests in Europe and Federal Germany. The chapter dealt with the negotiations among the Four Power States in order to improve the conditions inWestern Berlin with reference to the exchange of drafts in this concern between the United States and Soviet Union and the role of Federal Germany in compromising between them. As a result, the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was a signed in the 3rd of September 1971 concerning Western Berlin. This agreement smoothed the way in front of establishing diplomatic relations and removing the obstructions between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany, so the agreement between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany was signed in the 17th of December 1971. The last chapter focused on the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1971 - 1974. It emphasized on the American policy towards the relationships between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany and the certification on the agreement of Moscow and Warsaw respectively in the Bundstag. United States exploited the attitude of the Soviet Union in the certification of the agreements to end the military aggravation in southern - east of Asia especially stop fighting in Vietnam. The chapter dealt with the role of United States and the Soviet Union in encouraging both the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany to finish their negotiations to reach at signing the basic agreement in the 21st of December 1972. This agreement recommends that both countries should normalized the political relationships between each other. The Four Power States issued (( the Four Power Declaration)) in 1972 which emphasized the upholding of including the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany in United Nations. This prepared the floor to accept them as equal members in United Nations in the 18th of September 1973. This step is followed by the diplomatic representation between the two countries in the 14th of March 1974. The Federal Germany established diplomatic relationships with all countries in the East of Europe including Czechoslovak throng the signing of a agreement of Prague in the 8th of December 1973. The chapter contains the reasons behind Nixon’s and Brandt’s resignation in 1974.
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جمعية عمر المختار 1943 - 1953 == Society Of Omar Al - Mukhtar 1943 - 1953

Author name: ياسمين محي عبد الرحيم الكناني
Supervisor name: ايمان جواد هادي البرزنجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of parties and associations is regarded as historical studies task, where it has a major role in the study of a State or a community of communities in addition to the detection of many important facts that were hidden by most historians, through documents unpublished maintained by ther privatecod by Assembly itself. In addition to give it a profile about personalities to the Assembly. Who joined the Society of Omar AL - Mukhtar is one of associations that have contributed significantly to change the course of the Libyan state, by their great effort in order to achieve the independence and the unity of the Libyan state in all its mandates, which rejected the major powers such as Great Britain and the United States as well as Italy, which tried hard to keep these States under control over all of Libya. The reasons for my choosing this subject is that Association in is different in its disciplines because it was Athletic Association, cultural, detective, out did not it become a political association, unit moving to Benghazi. In addition to its relationship with the Prince Sanusi, who became Honorary Prince and accepted all orientations in spite of the differences in some things, so the timeframe for a message is from 1943, where it travels to Benghazi and end in 1953 with the end of the secret work after it passing within stages and events and by Prince Sanusi, letter included four chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The first chapter is dealt with parties and associations which were participated by most of the Libyan dignitaries in the Ottoman era and its impact on the birth of the Society of Omar Mukhtar, the most important associations are Freedom Party and the Alliance and the Association of the Covenant and the Committee of Union and Progress, as well as the associations that emerged in Syria and Egypt, led by Libyan dignitaries. The second chapter the researcher talked about the beginning of the origin of the Society of Omar al - Mukhtar in addition to its most important members, as well as the work of Al - Watan newspaper, and the basic law which was written in two phases. The third chapter focused on the attitudes of the Assembly upon referendum commission which visited Libya in addition to its position upon project Bevin - Sforza, who appeared after the Second World War, as well as the rule of Idriss on Cyrenaica and the chapter discussed the position of the Chapter Assembly towards the Arab issues. In the fourth chapter the researcher talked about sports and cultural activity for the Association of Omar Mukhtar from 1943 until 1953 and the main business carried out by the Assembly in all branches of the Libyan States. So proved this study proved that the idea of founding the Society of Omar al - Mukhtar had begun during World War II, particularly by immigrants who are in Arab countries, an idea that occurred to Mr. Asaad Arabi, which is based on the containment of young Libyans who are in Cairo, particularly after of non - objection by the Egyptian authorities. As the study revealed that the Assembly were not limited to sports and cultural activity, but beyond it to the political activity in addition to its categorical rejection of any contract treaties with major countries and the treaty in 1947, was a clear example of the rejection of the colonial policies. This study confirmed the unity of Libyan territory, without distinction between the States non independence of price state from the rest of the states. But its demand for independence and unity under its leader, Sanusi.
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محمود فوزي ودوره الدبلوماسي والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1974 == Mahmoud Fawzi And His Diplomatic And Political Role In Egypt Until 1974

Author name: ياسمين محمود عبد جاسم
Supervisor name: نادية ياسين عبد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studied the diplomat and political figure Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi, who is considered one of the most prominent Egyptian figures. Many reasons stood behind choosing this subject, the character of Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi , that he was an experienced brilliant diplomat and assumed many diplomatic posts in a number of Egyptian embassies in many countries around the world starting from his work at the Egyptian consulate in Rome and being the Egypt delegate at the United Nations body during the government of Fahmi Nuqrashi in a very critical period, namely the period of issuance of the decision of partitioning Palestine. In addition, Mahmoud Fawzi was appointed to be the first foreign minister of Egypt after the revolution of July 23, 1952 in the era of Jamal Abdel Nasser. The thesis has been divided into three chapters, the first chapter was titled ((Mahmoud Fawzi and his diplomatic role until 1952)) wherein the first section touched upon the life and upbringing of Mahmoud Fawzi and the second section dealt with the diplomatic role of Mahmoud Fawzi and his support for the Palestinian cause through his work in the Egyptian diplomatic corps and his appointment as a consul in Al - Quds during the years 1941 - 1944. The third section revealed Mahmoud Fawzi’s efforts as the representative of Egypt to the United Nations Commission from 1946 to 1949. The second chapter which was titled ((political role of Mahmoud Fawzi in the era of President Jamal Abdel Nasser (1952 - 1970) )) showed Mahmoud Fawzi’s role in the British - Egyptian negotiations on 19 October 1954, and the role of Mahmoud Fawzi in Egypt's Foreign policy vital issues in 1955 , starting form Banthung Conference to strike the Egyptian - Czechoslovakian arms deal. This chapter also touched on the role of Mahmoud Fawzi in facing the Suez crisis and the triple aggression against Egypt in 1956, and his activity during the years 1958 - 1969 through his efforts in the defense of Arab causes. The third chapter was titled (the political role of Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi during the reign of Anwar As - Sadat in 1970 until 1974), which focused on the political activity of Mahmoud Fawzi during his assumption of the post of Prime Minister of Egypt for the years 1970 to 1972, and then a vice president from 1972 to 1974.The study, at the end, reached at many conclusions, where Mahmoud Fawzi was distinguished at that he had a philosophy in diplomacy and life, and has derived his philosophy in meditation and its features were crystallized and clarified in his mind when he spent years in Japan. There he found an opportunity for reflection, planning, work and success and learned from the Japanese things which left their effects on the features of his character.The work of Mahmoud Fawzi, as a representative of Egypt to the United Nations Commission after the year 1946, had an impact in the refinement of his political personality in particular it was in a very critical period, namely the period of issuance of the partitioning of Palestine's resolution as he made the best of his efforts and cooperated with the Arab delegations to stand against its issuance and even after the partitioning resolution he continued his efforts to prevent the implementation of that resolution. The real fame of Mahmoud Fawzi began in the wake of the revolution of July 23, 1952, as the Egyptian Foreign Ministry was assigned to him. He left a good impact in the field of foreign policy that his fingerprints were clear in signing the British evacuation of Egypt Convention, which is considered the first political experience for him when he was a foreign minister. He also had a role in the management of the Suez crisis in 1956, that he had a role in the conviction of the tripartite aggression against Egypt in the United Nations headquarters, which precipitated the defeat of aggression. Mahmoud Fawzi’s efforts in the headquarters of the United Nations, during the June war in1967, had an impact in confronting the Israeli tide in the corridors of the United Nations and came out with the best of what could be done in such circumstances, that is a decision No. 242, which provided for not allowing the occupation of territories by force, and forced Israel to withdraw from the territories it occupied after June 5. By virtue of the brilliance of Mahmoud Fawzi he was dubbed the "Egyptian politics engineer," despite the fact that his work in the foreign policy was basically executive not only because of Jamal Abdel Nasser’s dominant character, but also because of convictions of Mahmoud Fawzi, by virtue of the nature of his diplomatic character.The executive nature of Mahmoud Fawzi’ character in the world of politics appears more clearly in the era of Anwar As - Sadat during his assumption of the post of prime minister and then a vice president. He had a role in the implementation of As - Sadat’s vision of Egypt's domestic and foreign policy alike
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اسقاط الجنسية عن يهود العراق 1950 == The Law Of Deprivation Of Citizenship For Jews Of Iraq In 1950

Author name: هناء سلمان عباس
Supervisor name: حيدر حميد رشيد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The law of deprivation of citizenship for Jews of Iraq in 1950Iraq form since ancient times, especially in Jewish thinking about the importance, as Iraq counting at the forefront of Arab countries that draw borders of (Greater Israel) from the Nile to the Euphrates, and this shows clearly when the Jews pointed out in the Bible (Genesis) by saying : "In that day the Lord made a covenant with Abraham, saying, to your generation I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river Euphrates River.After the appearance of Zionism term and turn it to the political movement into the late nineteenth century by the efforts of Theodor Herzl, the founder of this movement was its main objective the return of the Jews to the Promised Land, and in particular that Herzl found that the Jews still Spread in different communities was more like isolation, that were not negative, and it has to be their presence on the land of an independent grouping respondents, are held where the alleged Jewish state, Palestine was the best solution for that.The research of the Jewish immigration in Iraq remains far and short of the overall image and reality without viewing it from different Aspects, and for the purpose of knowledge of the different aspects, as well as put it in the historical and objective framework which is required. the research is distributed into an introduction , four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter turning on the Jews' political, economic, social and cultural role in Iraq 1921 - 1950.The second chapter deals with the Zionist activity in Iraq and its impact on the migration of the Jews of Iraq, 1920 - 1950.The third chapter was entitled (internal and external factors and their impact on the migration of the Jews of Iraq).Chapter four is covered all matters relating to the issuance of law of deprivation of citizenship for Jews of Iraq in 1950.The researcher reached the following results : 1. Jewish community has enjoyed by the stability and confidence in the center of the Iraqi society for more than 3,000 years, and this stability has continued until the beginning of this century.2. The Zionist activity in Iraq has diminished during the era of independence, which abated in various areas of Zionism, and turned into the secret work.3. The Iraq - British war and the subsequent events of Farhood, a new stage of Zionist 's activity.4. The Zionist activity in Iraq during this period focused its efforts on education and rehabilitation of Jewish culture and Zionist qualified, and trained to use weapons to displace them to Palestine to contribute to the establishment of a Jewish national home.5. Soldiers as it was in the Jewish battalion served in the British forces in Iraq, an effective and important impact in the Zionist movement activities secret.6. And it is clear from the foregoing that the Jewish community forced to go out of their homeland and it is not the bring down of the Nationality Law is the one who forced her to immigration.However, the Iraqi government bears part of the responsibility for the immigration of Jews because they have not been involved in their displacement but because it did not prevent their exit, while knowing the risks of their exit towards Palestine.As for the Jewish community are not helpless where there have been terrorist attacks and anti - media campaigns and is intended to undermine this community and force it to emigrate. And the Orbiter to the stages of the migration notes that the migration of this community was without conviction and forced them Proof of this simple setup that recorded after the issuance of the immigration law. However, this community bears part of the responsibility, to the penetration of Zionist activity in the center of a number of its members, but the vast majority were forced to emigrate
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موقف العراق من القضية الفيتنامية 1958 - 1968 == Iraqi Stance From The Veitnamic Cose 1958 - 1968

Author name: هدى صباح بدن الكعبي
Supervisor name: نضر علي امين الشريف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The issune of Veitnam is consider one of pioneer Librtion case in the patriotic fight which took the attention of international public openion and make its effect on many countion of glob which took varied stances agenst it according to Their political and economical regiems from the extrem right to the extrem Left.This study tackle The Iraqi stance toward The Veitnamic case for The period 1958 - 1968, and for an era pregnant with events, facts, and guilk develop ments whither in Iraq or Veitnam which was suffering from the conflects in inside and abrood and at the time which represented the peek of cold war between the eastern and western comps.Iraqi yovernments after 14 July 1958 and their stances from the Veitnamic issue in addition to the stances of the forces, associations and public organita tions and the stances of the press the for the events in Veitnam and the fight against colonism.And there was another issue push the researcher to choos This period in particular of The republic history of Iraq asitrepresent an important side of Iraq contem porary political history which was rich with events and political changes and its reflections on The overall Pololy of Iraq to ward The libration issue in south east Asia lountries and in front of Ther Veitnam. From This stanice This study represent humble try in integrating The resear ches which dedicated to study The stance of Iraq from The complex international cases at That era of time. What came in The pupers of This study World enable us to identify The basic stancos of Re pulic Iraq in government, organitations and public assoliations for The veitnamic Lase in astage Thet had assending patren in The Lold was netween Theastern and western Lamps and vetnam represented The most important field for This war.And Iraq which went out since July 1958 form The Lyele of tending to The west and went Neaver to Eastern camp both politically and feconomicully, it must support The Libaition movements in south east Asia which were submitting to The French and American Lolnisim control and in atry from The Leaders of Iraq to make foreign policythe tensure political back up from The great powers in The eastern camp for enhancing The new political regiem after The fall of monarchy.From This point The Leaders of Iraq after 1958 take The stance of supporting The Libration movement in Democratic veitnam embodied by The matual vists between Iraqi veitnami delogations, and signing agree ments between The two contries.And in the same way some purties, political, cultural and occupationa Lorganiation partici pated in supporting The Iraqi government political stanie and The same time The privat and public press supported The veitnamic cuse and stand against The colonisim of U.S.A and scandal The practices of The American military authorities against The veitnamic people.
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الموقف الروسي من الثورة الدستورية الايرانية 1905م - 1911م == Russian Position On The Iranian Constitutional Revolution 1905 - 1911

Author name: هادي صاحب عيدان البدراوي
Supervisor name: خضير مظلوم فرحان البديري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The importance of the theme of "the Russian situation on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution1905 - 1911" lies in the extent of rampant Russian influence in the Iranian events , not only by imposing Russian's influence on the Iranian tiles, including the head of state (the Shah), but in its ability to address the new revolutionary spirit , which is now threatening Russian interests in Iran, to decide, with all what tsarist policy represent of despotism and tyranny, put the inevitable end of the constitutional revolution in 1911 in the form that consistent with its political orientations in Iran, while the historical stage of the constitutional revolution represented important and sensitive stage in the modern political history of Iran increased the importance of the subject,and because the scientic and historical studies didn't deal with this theme in scientific , independent research , this form a real incentive to fight the midst of this syudy as a new theme dealt a review and analysis of the importance of the Constitutional revolution of Iran in the Russian situation. My knowledge of the Persian language form my choice of subject in a scientific and academic thesis for modern Iran's history, the pink dreams that I had the since graduation from bachelor's degree in early last decade of last century, and what contributed in the paving of the scientific road in front of me in this regard is the encouraging of Prof. Dr. Khudair Madhloom Farhan al - Bederi, who has had the greatest favour for the choice of the subject, after depending on God Almighty, who supported me much and facilitate troubles to complete my work. And the fact that national and university libraries does not only lack of the sources related directly to the Iranian constitutional revolution , but suffers from the scarcity of Persian sources and references also in this area, which form a crucial difficulty in obtaining them, which compelled me to travel to the Islamic Republic of Iran, despite the lack of time, and the hardship of traveling, and the difficult financial conditions, in order to obtain the maximum amount of authentic Persian and foreign sources, especially Russian and English and translated them into the Persian language, which are directly related to the search topic. Nature of the subject required to divide it into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion, the introduction included addressing to the importance of the subject and the motives behind choosing it and to address the overlapping of events, and the definition of its chapters, and analyze the sources and basic references, which were adopted by the study, while first chapter touched to penetrate and installation the Russian influence in Iran even in 1905, as a historical background is needed and very necessary, the goal behind it, follow it to penetrate the early links between Russia and Iran since the fifteenth century and then Russia for a variety of privileges economic conditions in Iran, which assisted in the installation of Russian influence, which Russia helped a lot to interfere in the internal affairs of Iran on the eve of the Constitutional revolution. Chapter II confronted the Russian situation on the Constitutional Revolution of Iran during the last years of the reign of Muzaffar al - Din Shah (1905 - 1907), to see the tsarist policy toward Iran, as one of the motives that led towards the outbreak of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905, as well as follow - up events of the Russian situation of the early events of constitutional revolution until August 5, 1906, and therefore the diagnosis of Russian activities practiced by Russia since the beginning to disrupt the constitutional revolution until the end of the rule of Muzaffar al - Din Shah in 1907. Chapter III of the statement was devoted to the Russian policy toward Iran, and its impact is to the development of the events of Iran during the reign of Mohammad Ali Shah (1907 - 1909), which was marked by the escalation of the revolutionary tide, and refused to colonial domination of the Russian - British alliance to divide the Iranian territory within the 1907 treaty between Britain and Russia , which helped a lot in the details of the Iranian interference events, to the extent that it sought to Qajari system support for the destruction of the National Consultative Council in June 1908 and to contribute to the return of Iran to the previous stage of despotism, which was named stage "small" from 1908 to 1909, which has suffered tyranny including much of the country. The fourth quarter and the last chapter was devoted to the orientation of the Russian policy and its situation of the Constitutional Revolution in the final phase (1909 - 1911), and of the new constitutional Covenant in Iran after opening Tehran and take off Muhammad Ali Shah on the throne of Iran, which was accompanied by internal crises which were for Russia the upper hand in their preparation and execution to serve its interests colonial in the country, making it stand strongly against the Schuster's mission reform, which was intended to address and organize the Iran financial and with many suffering from cases of idleness and disorder, disability, and then the decision of Russia to the fate of the Constitutional revolution of Iran after it insisted strongly on the imposition of the inevitable end of it and eliminate it in 1911
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العلاقات العثمانية الفارسية في عهد القاجاريين 1795 - 1896 == Ottoman - Persian Relations During Qajareen Period (1795 - 1896)

Author name: نوران برهان علي
Supervisor name: فردوس عبد الرحمن كريم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: When studying the international relations between two countries, there are three possibilities : either cooperation or struggle or combination between them. Dealing with historical facts of the subject of the study lead us to explain the Persian - Ottoman relations within the third section.This relation is struggle one and three is no cooperation according to the circumstances of the stage. There is no doubt , that the relation has special importance , not because the importance of the two countries and their political momentousness in the region but because their interchangeable influence in political reality for each one and generally on the region sphere.The progress of relation indicates that each development whether internal or external in the politics of one of them may effect the other country directly or indirectly. For the significance of the study and lack of the studies that deal with Ottoman - Qajareen relations (1795 - 1896) , in this study we try to deal with all the development from all sides. The thesis is divided into introduction and three chapters. The first chapter deals with Persian - Ottoman relations during (1795 - 1823) consisting the most important disputed cases that are the reason for firing the war between the two sides. These cases are the attacks of Whabiya on Kerbella and the difficulties that the visitors and Pilgrims face when they pass through Ottoman lands in their way to holly shrines the tribes there and their role in breaking out the conflict,Al - Bapanin family , Persian - Ottoman war in (1821 - 1823) , signing the, Arthroom treaty and the role of European countries in first signing it. The second chapter deals with relations during (1823 - 1847) and the problems which are the reason for renewed the conflict among Al - Bapanin Princes, campaign of Ali Rudha against Muha mera, attack of Nejeeb Pusha on Kerbella and Prince - Persian discussions to solve the problems between two countries and sign second Arthroom treaty. The third chapter deals with Persian - Ottoman relations during(1847 - 1896).It includes cooperation and coordination with greatest countries regarding boundaries problems attitude of Persian from the Qerem War, visit of Nasar Aldean Shah to Baghdad and signs brcaties with Ottoman, calling of Sultan Abdel Hameed to form Islamic league. It is referred to rebellion of Abdella Al - Sheri and it's affect on politics. It also refers to Shat al - Arab problem and the role of European countries to fire the dispute inorde to serve their interests. It is depended in this thesis on number of documents which not published, documentary books, University theses and number of Arabic books and translated books into Arabic. In this thesis , the researcher reaches to number of results which are as following : The Persian - Ottoman relations are distinguished by prominent struggle which it is rooted to Jaldeeran battle in sixteen Century.This battle is the real beginning to this struggle. The area of this struggle extends from South of Basrah - Baghdad towards Hamadan or Bedra - Jasan to Sherezoor and inters Atherbeajan land Armenian land. The depth of this line extends from the West and reaches Basrah - Baghdad - Kirkuk - Arbil - Mosul then inters Diyar Bekar then Arthroom - Diyar Bekar Tbkis - This is the area of Persian - Ottoman struggle. The most important factor that contributes to continuity of dispute is violating the boundaries. There is violation , whenever signs treaty from the first Arthrooim treaty in1893 and second Arthroom treaty in 1847 to map out the boundaries and plan to the dispule. No side obligates in spite of interference of the greatest countries of the greatest Countries such as British and Russian. The British - Russian competition has impact on the relation between Persia and Ottoman especially the British interests which are very active through diplomatic efforts to again privileges which are granted as interference right to proleed its interest.
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الكتلة الوطنية ودورها في لبنان 1935 - 1949

Author name: نور علاء يونس
Supervisor name: صالح جعيول جويعد السراي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
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مشكلات الحدود العراقية مع دول الجوار الجغرافي العربي (1937 - 1968) == The Problems Of Iraqi Boundaries With Arabic Geographic Neighbors 1937 - 1968

Author name: نور سالم مجيد عودة
Supervisor name: منتهى طالب سلمان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the international border problem of topics thorny and complex because they require knowledge of the historical, political, geographical and legal aspects with geographical neighbors of the country you want to study its borders.Since the establishment of the new Iraqi state border problems with the Arab geographical neighbors appeared on the political scene, and it was the most important of Iraq's attempt to obtain access to the sea overlooking the Arabian Gulf as Iraq has only a few kilometers are not commensurate with its economic potential, especially oil. So I began to border problems with Kuwait, along with the emergence of tribal problems and how to establish security and stability in the border areas and the problems related to water and oil pipelines to the border problems with Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan appeared.Thread derives its significance from the Iraqi border problems is one of the most important problems faced by successive Iraqi governments since independence in Iraq's modern history, which is still interesting for researchers, especially in the field of international political borders of Iraq. From this perspective has been chosen subject of the study (the Iraqi border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems : 1937 - 1968), was identified in 1937, the beginning of the study because of that this year the Iranian pressure on Iraq and demanding half Shatt al - Arab began forcing him to relinquish his stake in This water as he went to look for sea port on the Arabian Gulf, which raised border problems with Kuwait and then the rest of the Arab countries, were also identified in 1968, the end of this school year because it is the seventeenth of July coup occurred against the government of Abdul Rahman Mohammed Arif. In the wake of the coup saw the Middle East, important events have influenced later in Iraq's relations with the Arab geographical neighbors.This study tries to answer substantive questions, including : 1. what the real reasons behind the emergence of the Iraqi border problems Kaa Arab geographical neighbors?2. You had to Britain's role in fomenting the Iraqi border problems or resolved?3. What are the main border agreements and treaties that Iraq held with the Arab geographical neighbors to maintain international political boundaries?4. What are the key aspects of Iraq's border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems?5. Is the Arab countries cooperated with Iraq to resolve border disputes clans?6. How did the Iraqi border problems in its relations with the Arab geographical neighbors?7. Is Iraq reach a definitive solution to solving the border problems with the Arab geographical neighbors, especially with Kuwait, or is this Malfah problems between the two sides remained?Message material distributed to the introduction and four chapters and an epilogue, taking the first chapter, which was titled (the Iraqi border with the Arab geographical proximity 1921 - 1937 countries problems), a preliminary study is necessary, as it included four topics first addressed, including the Iraqi border problem - alkwytah reviewing the beginning of the problem and its roots and the way Iraqi border demarcation - alkwytah as well as smuggling border problems, he said, the second Iraqi border problems KSA reviewing conferences held between the two countries to resolve the problems of abuses tribal border as well as the disputed border outposts, while the third section emphasized the Iraqi border problems - Syrian explained border conferences held between the two sides and the results released on the border of the Syrian - Iraqi problems, while confirmed the fourth section on the Iraqi border with Transjordan problems (the Kingdom of Jordan later) of this section has been tracking the problems between the two countries and explain the demarcation of the border between the two lines, as well as tribal excesses on this line.The second chapter entitled came (the Iraqi border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems 1937 - 1958) were distributed among the scientific article on the four topics addressed first Iraqi border problems - alkwytah during this period, presenting an overview of the extent of the impact of the Second World War on the border and survival as it is a result of concern British in the war, but the end of the war saw the forties attempt Iraqi government to drag Kuwait to join the Arab Hashemite Union and resulted from negotiations on it, and ensure that the second section of the Iraqi border problems KSA reviewing Section positive steps that have taken place between the two sides and the resulting from the signing of several agreements borders , and in particular the management of neutrality zone and the subordination of the tribes reportedly water in 1938 also touched on the May Revolution (May 1941) and the extent of their impact on the Iraqi border, KSA, and the third section was devoted to the study of border problems of the Syrian - Iraq, particularly smuggling and disputes between tribes located on the border issues between the two countries during the forties and fifties of the monarchy, and the fourth section shed light on Iraq's border with the problems of Transjordan (later the Kingdom of Jordan) and to clarify the extent of the impact of international events and Anhecasha on the border with Iraq, Transjordan.The third chapter trace (the Iraqi border with the neighboring countries of the Arab geographical problems through loud First Covenant 19,058 - 1963) consisted of four topics first addressed the Iraqi border problems - alkwytah during the Republican era and the arrival of the first leader Abd al - Karim Qasim to power and re - announcing Kuwait home Mother causing an international crisis reflected on the relations with the Arab Jawaraljgrave countries, and between the second section of the Iraqi border problems KSA and explained the position of Saudi Arabia from the revolution and the new system of governance and the extent of fear of Saudi Arabia, followed cautious policy toward Iraq, he said, the third section of the Iraqi - Syrian border problems He highlighted the Shawwaf movement in Mosul in 1959 and over the effects on the border between the two problems, as well as the historic meeting that took place between the leader Abdul Karim Qasim and Nazim Qudsi President of Syria in the humid Nizqh border to settle the border between the two problems, which was a positive step to strengthen the relations between them, The fourth section shed light on the Iraqi border problems between - alardnah and extent of the impact of international events and circumstances at border crossing points after switching system of the State of the Royal Republican to Iraq.The fourth chapter devoted to the statement (the Iraqi border with neighboring countries, geographical problems during the second republican era from 1963 to 1968) and included four topics touched on the first of them to the Iraqi - Kuwaiti border problems and the development of the new Iraqi policy pursued towards Kuwait and the resulting expected Minutes or agreement in October 1963, which recognized Iraq through Kuwait and its borders and sovereignty, which form such an agreement obstacle to the border between the two countries, the negotiations, especially after the return of Kuwaiti government to confessions and previous evidence relating to the borders of the year (1932), dealt with the second section of the Iraqi KSA border problems and explain the effectiveness of signing treaties and agreements between the two countries and their impact in the second republican era, Chapter III handled the Iraqi border problems - Syrian and the crisis of Iraqi oil to Syria in 1966, and included the fourth section of the Iraqi border problems - alardnah statement international events and crises in that particular - alasra?alah Arab war in 1967 through the participation of Iraqi military units and cross - border support for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan at the time.So the Iraqi border with the Arab geographical neighbors problem of the main problems faced by successive Iraqi governments since independence to the present day Fasttaat Iraqi governments, some of which solution and others not resolved so far and has become a chronic problem, particularly with regard to the previous Kuwait forget the politics that were walking by both the two countries. Can resolve border problems by strengthening the bonds of economic and cultural relations and to move away from the spirit of hostility and gain at the expense of the other party
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ايران في عهد الشاه سلطان حسين (1694 - 1722م) == Iran In The Period Of Shah Sultan Hussein,S Reign ( 1694 - 1722 A. D.)

Author name: نهلة نعيم عبد العالي ال بطي
Supervisor name: سميرة عبد الرزاق عبد الله العاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Safavid state was formed of Turkumans Toides which known as Aelkezlba and inspite of the hard mysterious situations and accomapanying events that the state came through include the intermittent conflicts with the nighabours states such as oHomanic state which the main reason of conflect between them was the secaterian difference.but the safavid state had kept it,s power somehow specifically in age of first shah - Abas.but after while the state started to fall apart gradually by the age of first shah - Abas. During this time safavid state had seen social and economic problems led it goes down gradually,all this problems due to the first Abas shah because deliberately he killed princes of Safavid fimily ,this scene has been reflected on the desting of de Safavid state and it,s policy later on. When shah safi took the throne he has followed abloody policies later on had created lots of problems and had lost many lands used to be important and strategic for Safavid state. The second factor was the administrative system dispite the different foundations of Safavid,s state it has los it,s efficiency in performance as well as the rulers started. chacing to reach jobs and Salaries ,since the shah was spineless and driven as well as surround by foreign consoltants who did not give him the opportunity to choose snitable cadres to ful fill management positions dep on the former corruptor officers though. The only trouble that been faced by Safavid state was rip.and rivalry between officials,chairmen and rulers though its been clear that these factors drove the state to fall apart soon , as well as they became tax collectors. During the previous factors, arich class had been fromd and negatively affected the society, conflects it was not expected in these situations , to make workhose case for the foundations of safavid state.because these foundations have closed the Gates Upon all people , and became open just for people of benefits.That’s why management, jobs have been baugh, soch as well as money and fortune have always been inhirited infact its due to internal System instability which let the military foundation to be week and powerless after it was the core of Safavid,s state to face all conflects,s parts first Sha - Abas has formed military forces aims to find alteratives for the ancient foundation which has been ruled by Ael kezlbah to make it weak not to cancel It ,as well as this army was completely different than previous ones, Aftermath, Gorgies have poped up and showed these nations later on after weakness of loiality creed for shah and the state. According to this the foundation of religion has faced many changes.and replacements.with in the last years of safavids.Government, as well as religion,s entTiy was correlated to the political and Social situating to circuamstances, Though by this way the destiny of safavids state and its collapse have been the main reason religion entcty collapas. According to this we can figureout the factors of weakness which the safavids state had faced after long age of power either these factors wer characterized in the recipes of shah , leaders or curriculum.Though , Its been clear that the factors of weakness are more specially the character of shah.because shah wasn,t pwerfull authority and able to rule the state with specifications thate.in d time full of events ,conspiracies and internal revolutions, as well as since economic situations.which affected the social and political status, which the outcomes and resources - of commerce became so weak and few.Way the total responsibility of state collapse can not be on the head of shah sultan Husain.because in contrast between his age and ages before him we can find that.who social and conomic problems that state has faced belong to, ruled before him specially, shah suliman , as well as the chargcs against shah sultan Husain have been proved in this study ,that.The main reason of disintergration that happened to the community due to the shah first Abas who delebarately killd the princes of safavids family.
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العلاقات التركية - الامريكية خلال حكم الحزب الديمقراطي 1950 - 1960 : دراسـة تاريخية == Turco - American Relations During The Rule Of The Turkish Democratic Party 1950 - 1965 An Historical Study

Author name: نغم عبد الهادي مهدي حسن شبع
Supervisor name: قبس ناطق محمد الدليمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many studies have done by Iraqi scholars on the Turco - American relations since the eighties of the last century. The reasons are obvious : Turkey is Iraq’s neighbor and it enjoys an important geo - strategic position in the Middle East, Asia and Europe. The second reason lies in the growing influence which the United states of America played after the World War II in the world. Therefore , we argue that studying the Turco. American relations during the fifties of the last century is important since the Middle East had witnessed many dangerous developments affected its countries and the world in general. This thesis is a study of the Turco - American relations during the years 1950 - 1960, namely the era of the Turkish Democratic party (T D C). The sources on which this study is based range from unpublished documents, documentary books which have used document mainly, books and articles.These books are in many languages : Arabic, Turkish and English.This study is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one gives a historical background to the Turco - American relations since the nineteenth century until 1950.Chapter two concentrates on the policy of the (TDC) in Turkey during the years 1950 - 1960. It tries to shed light on how this party reached to power in Turkey and its effect on the Turkish political scene. How far the advent of the party did affect on the relationships between Turkey and the United states?Chapter three is devoted to examine Turkish position and attitudes towards regional and international alignments and alliance. It studies why did Turkey join the north Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and how Turkey allowed the united states to establish military bases in Turkey and how far this affected the relations between the two states to establish the relations between the two states. This chapters deals also with the Turkish. and American attitudes towards the formation of the Middle East Defense Organisation and of the Baghdad pact.Chapter four deals with the regional and global crises which happened during the period covered and its effects on the Turco - American relations. It begins with the Eisenhower Doctrine of 1957, the Syrian crisis and the role played by Turkey and the United States, the Lebanese crisis and the relations between them, the crush of the American U.2 Plane and finally the military coup in Turkey in 1960 and the defeat of the (TDC) in the election of 1960.
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