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كربلاء خلال العهد العثماني1800 - 1869 : دراسة تاريخية

Supervisor name: شاكر ضيدان جابر السويدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Praise to Allah, Lord of the Worlds and peace and blessings on the best of the Creatures and Senders, Aba - al - Qassim Mohammad ( God bless him and his family) and on his good and pure household.The modern history of Iraq has associated totally with the Ottoman Empire because Baghdad was one of States that belong to the Ottoman Empire during a long period of time lasted for four centuries. Many changes happened through this long history in different fields. The study of the local history of Iraq , ( study the history of its cities, historical and general study for the social, political and economical development) is an important introduction to know the general history of Iraq in details . it's impossible to study the history of any country precisely without studying historical development of its cities. From this point of view came the title of my thesis, which is searched in one of Iraqi historical cities : Kerbela, historical study , during the Ottoman period ( 1800 - 1869 ).The historical study of Kerbela has great importance for the depth of its religious and political history. The selection of the historical study to be comprehensive of political, economic and social conditions experienced by the city through the period of the study because most of the studies that are found are few or focus on political side of the city , or the social side alone or economically. So I tried in my study to combine these sides to give a clear picture of this ancient and holy city because it includes the body of Imam Hussein and his brother al - Abbas ( peace be upon them). This sanctity gave Kerbela history that distinguishes it from other Iraqi cities.My choice of this particular period ( 1800 ) is for it's the beginning of the 19th century and the start of the terrorist attacks to Iraq in general and Kerbela in particular for its sanctity with the city of Najaf, as well as the lack of studies highlighting the historical events that passed through this city during the study period.This thesis was based on a historical methodology in order to take into account the substantive sequence of events. This is divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion. Te first chapter was a necessary prelude to the general situation in the city of Kerbela at the beginning of the Mumluk era in 1749 until 1800 the beginning of the study . The chapter included naming , geographical location, and social structure for the knowledge of Kerbela society and its activity during the Ottoman rule . it's a time city characterized by social features associated with customs, traditions and social activities in this ancient city , for being the destination of thousands of visitors annually . as well as knowledge of economic conditions and the nature of the political system and tribal uprisings and military campaigns against the Wahhabi threat .The second chapter, which was entitled " Political conditions in Kerbela from 1800 - 1869 , consists of three topics . The first is devoted to terrorist attacks (1800 - 1817). While the second topic deals with the events that passed through Kerbela during the reign of the governor Dawood Basha ( 1817 - 1831 ) . The third one concludes the events that took place in Kerbela during the Ottoman rule. It focuses on the study of social conditions in Kerbela ( 1800 - 1869) . the first section is devoted to social structure in Kerbela district, while the second deals with the Khans and their importance in social life . The third chapter deals with the subject of Shiism in Baghdad Ayala .The fourth chapter was devoted to the economic situation in Kerbela (1800 - 1869 ) and divided into four sections; the first deals with agriculture , irrigation and agricultural products and the attitude of the Ottoman governors of agriculture . While the second section touches the trade and its importance. The third deals with industry and most important industries in the city as well as influencing factors in it . Section four discusses the financial resources of tax and imports of Uwda Kingdom and burial fees . Analysis of the Sources The thesis adopted many of unpublished and published documents including what are saved in Dar al - Kutob, national documents and Al - Haidariya Library in Najaf . Also the library of Kashif al - Ghata which concerns the political , social and economical sides during the 9th century for Kerbela . The published documents formed important pillar in the thesis chapters for having very important information . Besides, there are the important documentary books such as ; The " Iraq in Ottoman documentation" to Sinan Ma'arof Oglu and The book "Kerbela in the Ottoman archives " for the researcher Dilk Qaya . The thesis also depended on many Arab and inflective resources and trips books, some of them are highly important for the subject of the research for contemporary authors or close to them. For example " Dohat al - Wizera' in the History of Baghdad, Zawra " to Rasool Hawi al - Kurkukly . It also had a great importance for dealing with events in detail during the Mamulk reign . The importance of the book increases when we know that the author was contemporary of the events of the date or period of the thesis . The book ' Iraq between two occupations " to Abass al - Azawi . it depended on the main sources to identify the information. This was what gave a great importance to his books. Also the books of Ali al Wardi " Social Profiles in the History of Iraq" , ' A Study in the Nature of Iraqi society" . They had realistic details for Iraqi society in the Ottoman era, especially in the social life . And also the books of Dr. Abd al - Salam Imad Raouf " The Social Life during Mumulk era in Iraq "The university thesis and papers have a large share in this thesis. I relied on many of these thesis and papers which dealt with different aspects from the history of Iraq in Ottoman era, like " Economic and Social situations for history of Kerbela (1921 - 1939) to the researcher Hassan Dakhil Attai , which dealt with the economic situation in the contemporary history, but it gave an idea about the general situations during Ottoman era. Also the thesis of the researcher Suher Abass Kadhim " Social situations in the Area of the Middle Euphrates through the books of travelers (1831 - 1914) which dealt with cities of Middle Euphrates , like "Kerbela through the visits of foreign travelers to Iraq " and the thesis of Sami Nadhim al - Munsory ( Ottoman Policy towards minorities including the Shiits .

الاوضاع الاجتماعية في مصر (1848 - 1882) == The social situation in Egypt (1848 - 1882)

Author name: رافع جبار راشد الركابي
Supervisor name: احمد صبري شاكر الخيقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The observer of the history of Egypt since ancient times observes that Egypt is a country followed by incidents affecting since the dawn of history , did not prejudice the era of its era or a period of time passed by , except in rare incidents described by history, whether from a local or global perspective as accidents Influenced the course of events or historical trends, and see this since the first Pharaonic family until the present time , and the follower of the analyst of these historical events observes their money from the direct impact on the social reality and the behavioral appearance of the Egyptian people , whether negative or positive , and how these historical events had a return The social situation in Egypt (1848 - 1882) is a historical study of the important and vital topics in history because of its historical depth and the results and great future effects that affected the political arena in Egypt later , and this subject is still far from the studies The Iraqi Academy has not received sufficient attention in our universities so far , since it is not possible to understand the political developments with a comprehensive view and know what accompanied these developments of social events , interaction and influence are intertwined and intertwined between what is political and what is social and economic (1848 - 1882) , and in 1848 the beginning of the subject of the message of the social transformations that took place during this period , which was a major change in the history of the social situation in Egypt. The life of the Egyptian society did not witness the inauguration of the first Abbas social developments as witnessed by the era of Mohammed and there has been a decline and deterioration in the institutions of the state, which had a significant impact on the social reality such as education and health , In 1882 , the subject of the research came to an end as a result of the Arab revolution, which had a great impact on social reality. The chapter deals with the most important political unrest during the period (1801 - 1805) , which had a great impact on the social reality , and has emerged During this period , Egyptian leaders played a major role in encouraging and leading the people to face the injustice and oppression of the Ottoman rulers who ruled Egypt during this period. They burdened the Egyptian people with taxes , forced labor and other methods. The chapter dealt with the policy of Muhammad Ali (1805 - 1848) Through the business and the great changes introduced Li social reality , it was a great role in reviving the living standards of the Egyptian society. The second chapter deals with the social transformations (1848 - 1863). The chapter deals with the first policy of Abbas and its impact on the social reality , especially that the policy adopted by this governor differed very much from that of his grandfather Muhammad Ali. He followed a reactionary policy which neglected most of his grandfather's projects and works Which also deteriorated during the period of his rule, but in spite of that reminds him of some works that reflected positively on the Egyptian society. The chapter also discussed social conditions under the era of Said Pasha (1854 - 1863) During the period of his rule and its impact on the social reality, he has b Many reforms in most areas raised the standard of living of Egyptian society , especially reforms in the field of education , army and agriculture. The third chapter continued social transformations during the reign of Ismael Pasha (1863 - 1879) , where he focused on the reality of the social peasantry and the policy of Ismail Pasha towards the peasants and the forced and injustice they suffered during his reign. Ismail's era was considered the worst era of the peasants during the ninth century We also discussed the situation of the army and its developments , especially at the beginning of the rule of Isma'il , who gave great importance to the army. We also referred to the cultural movement during the era of Ismail and the attention he gave to learning and the press , which reflects positively on social reality and played a role in educating Egyptian society. We also ate the dine Social issues that have taken place in the Egyptian society during the era of Ismael Pasha. We also talked about the judicial system and its impact on Egyptian society , either positively or negatively. The chapter also touched on the impact of the financial crisis on the social reality. The fourth chapter devoted to the study of social reality during the financial crisis and the spread of famine and the exposure of the Egyptian society to great injustice by the Ministry of Finance , which imposed measures burdened the Egyptian people with taxes and forced labor and the emergence of the educated class in the political arena and the growing awareness among the Egyptian people , also addressed the role of the Egyptian people revolution Arabism as a social revolution expressed the hopes of the Egyptian people and the injustice and oppression they suffered from foreigners , especially in the army , which had a big role at the time

التيارات الفكرية في العراق 1908 - 1968 == Intellectual Currents in Iraq

Author name: سلمان رشيد محمد الهلالي
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The last of the twentieth century in Iraq, a century of multiple disparate intellectual currents. Consider as this country , was over the multi - cultural history starting from the Sumerians and the Akkadians, Babylonians, Arameans, and ending with the early Islamic ages, a pioneer in human achievement and cognitive literary and rationality primitive, democracy and the fields, and the cradle of movements, sects and creeds, religious, philosophical, linguistic and mystical currents, and became during this century recipient key for most of the concepts and trends that have emerged in Europe, especially liberalism and Marxism and nationalism, which interacted with the intelligentsia of Iraq (intelligentsia) positively, as an unilateral way of enlightenment and modernization, and the similarity with the Iraqis learners in order to change and reform the political and social reality, moving towards the rational and civil adoptive. This Thessis is a historical, an intellectual and political study of the three intellectual currents in Iraq. It is, according to the time , the influence and the cultural proliferation (liberalism, Marxism and nationalism) with a review of the historical development of the political and intellectual process of which passed out during the time period prescribed for the study, and the statement of the curriculum, schools and doctrines that investigated these currents resources and the sources of ideology, or those affected by them directly or indirectly and the inclusion of branches accompanying and formats and styles that came out of them, and organizations and partisan intelligentsia affiliate, or those who claimed that, with a review for the main concepts and objectives issues advocated by or promoted during this phase of our contemporary history.The thesis included the introduction, four chapters , a conclusion and a list of sources. The first chapter (the society , the state and intelligentsia in contemporary Iraq from 1908 to 1968). Reviewing social structures in Iraq, which is basically divided into : religious and sectarian structures. The structures of ethnic, racial, ingredients and minorities that followed, and the review of traditional social actors politically such as the family and the tribe, caste, ethnic, and historical evolution of her during the study phase, and the transformations that have occurred as a result of changes in the governance systems, and the emergence of secular currents of thought in the country. While the concept of the state in modern Iraq, and problematic incorporation, as a centre in the second section, with an indication of the general approaches that led to the failure of a project of this state, particularly the influence of political sectarianism, racism and monopolizing power and the intervention of the army in politics. The third section has singled out the Iraqi Intelligentsia, public function, and the factors that contributed to the emergence and cultural resources that advocatedty public perceptions, with the division of multiple cultural generations in the country during this phase.The second chapter, has dealt with the subject of the liberal trend in Iraq, starting with the review of all the historical evolution of the doctrine of the Liberal in Europe and the challenges faced by this movement in the twentieth century, and the role of the renaissance generation in the promotion and consolidation of this concept in the Mashriq. As in the second theme topic is enterested in showing the early liberalism and their four tributaries in Iraq : the French Enlightenment, the Arab renaissance, the constitutional revolution in Iran in 1905 and the revolution federal in the Ottoman Empire in 1908, and the subsequent declaration of the Constitution and the founding of the party organizations and the release of press freedom and political participation through elections. The third section has singled out a review of the historical development of the current liberal in Iraq through the phase 1908 - 1968 and the role of the British Mandatory authorities in promoting this trend and strengthened it by the desire to establish or develop a concept of (state) semi - liberalism, and the formation of the constitutional and governmental institutions and support public freedoms and the party life, with manifestations of regression in the democratization of liberal inclusion of life after the death of King Faisal I in 1933, the accumulation stages of decline that culminated in 1958 by the July revolution, and shed the military and national organizations, later on governance systems until 1968. The fourth section is concerned with the review of regulations and the liberal intelligentsia in Iraq and concepts of democracy and political pluralism advocated by the reform and values and projects that are based on them, and historical reasons that led to the decline of the liberal trend in Iraq.the third chapter is enterested in the Marxist tendency in Iraq, reviewing the historical development of the first socialist currents and the emergence of Marxism in Europe and escalating it spread after the First World War. In the second topic addressed the major tributaries of the International Marxist in Iraq wich are the tributary of Arab and Iranian and foreign and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 and the Third Communist International in 1919, scholarships and Western universities. He specialized in the third section in the show the historical development of the movement of Marxism in Iraq for the first socialist and cells that have evolved in the twenties, and the ground which paved the way for this by dilation secular concepts after the founding of the modern Iraqi state in 1921, and episodes of communism in Baghdad, Basra and Nasiriyah and its union in organizing the Iraqi Communist Party, and it's intellectual adoftire, and the factors that contributed to the spread of the ideas of communism in the country, which narrowed the social, political, economic and cultural factor. And the fourth topic viewed the organizations and the Marxist intelligentsia in Iraq during this phase, concepts and values advocated by, with the objective reasons that led to the decline of the Marxist tendency in the country included.We specialized in the fourth chapter the national trend in terms of review of the startingpoints which was based on nationalism in Europe, and theories (French, German and Marxism) prevailing in this regard, and its development in the Arab Mashreq, the multiple intellectual trends during this phase. As interested in the second section to include the early Arab nationalism in Iraq, and the groups active in this regard, and the patterns that have evolved on the sidelines of events and political developments, and the reasons that led to the adoption of the national intelligentsia National School German without the rest of the theories, and differentiation, which happened between them and the concept of Arabism and singled out the third section the review historical and intellectual development of Arab nationalism in Iraq is multinational and patterns after the founding of the Iraqi state, particularly in the thirties decate which witnessed the affected pointing movements of fascism and Nazism in Europe, and the role of the nationalist sati' Al - Husri and Sami Shawkat and Mufti Amin al - Husseini in the escalation of emotion in this style that reached its peak in May traffic 1941, and to identify the most important national trends after the second World war, which was characterized by the dominance of the socialist and revolutionary character of Nazareth, and the conflict between the various national pavilions after the 1963 coup, and the dominance of the Nazarene go the reins of power during the period (1963 - 1968). In the fourth section concerned with reviewing national organizations, intelligentsia and its subsidiaries (the traditional right - wing and Nasiriyah revolutionary socialist and nationalist) unionist and concepts advocated by, the general premise on which it relied, with self - reported reasons that led to the decline of the national trend in Iraq.At the conclusion of research we offered the most important conclusions we reached through the calendar of intellectual currents in Iraq, the most important general features that characterized and the compatibility of thought and practice during the prescribed period of study

الارمن في لبنان 1915 - 1975 : دراسة في اوضاعهم الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية == The Armenians in Lebanon 1915 - 1975 Study in their Social, Economic and Political Situations

Author name: باسم ريحان مغامس الشميساوي
Supervisor name: صالح جعيول جويعد السراي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the history of minorities is a crucial issue because it has a significant impact on the events in the region in which it is located, particularly in Lebanon. This reflects profoundly on the Lebanese identity, which is characterized by ethnic, religious and sectarian diversity. Minorities in Lebanon's sectarian system have found a vital area for their social and political activities, their religious beliefs are much greater, less their counterparts in the region. On the other hand, the presence of large groups of refugees with a particular religious belief in a multi - ethnic country has a direct impact on social conditions Economic and political situation of the host country. The establishment of such refugees may lead to ethnic and religious tensions with local groups opposed to this emergency presence. Therefore, it is important to study the history of the Armenian community in Lebanon in all its aspects and dimensions, an academic study in depth, as it is one of the important communities that left a significant impression on the social, economic and political aspects of Lebanon, despite the recent existence in this country. In a miserable situation that is difficult to describe, they were stripped of everything, suffered the hardships of living in camps that lacked the basic elements of life, and in a country that differed with its inhabitants by customs and traditions, not to mention the language that was a major obstacle to their rapid integration into the new society. However, this minority community was able to preserve its national identity for a short period of time, and to have a great interest in Lebanon on the economic and political level, based on strong social ties. Accordingly, this study titled "Armenians in Lebanon 1915 - 1975 study in their social, economic and political situations" is chosen to highlight on the aforementioned issues of Armenian minority in order to revisit their histories and reach a new conclusions. The structure of the thesis is div ided into an introduction and five chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter examines the situation of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire up to 1915. Three sections are addressed here : the first of which included the Armenian origin, included the geographical location and historical development, while the second Armenian topic was presented during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and the internationalization of the Armenian question. The third focused on the Armenians during the federal rule until 1915.The second chapter deals with the Armenian migrations to Lebanon from 1915 to 1939, so each migration is considered in a single section of this chapter. The first of which investigates the Armenian presence in Lebanon in 1915. The second section discusses entitled France's relinquishment of its mandate to Cilicia in 1920 and Armenian emigration Of which, while the third reviews the third migration under the title of Armenian immigration from the Alexandretta Brigade in 1939.The third chapter deals with the social and economic situation of the Armenians in Lebanon, and therefore divided into three sections. The first is the settlement of Armenian refugees in Lebanon. The second focuses on the religious establishment and the educational system. The third deals with the economic situation of the Armenians and their role in developing the Lebanese economy.The fourth chapter examines with the political situation of the Armenians in Lebanon during the French mandate of 1925 - 1946. This chapter is divided into two sections, the first one highlights the Armenian political parties in Lebanon, and the second discusses the participation of Armenians in political life under the mandate.The fifth chapter is devoted to examine the political situation of Armenians in Lebanon 1947 - 1975, divided into two sections. The first topic deals with the intensification of the conflict between the Armenian parties and their reflections on their political reality, while the second topic reviews the political development of the Armenians until 1975.In conclusion, the Armenians in Lebanon succeeded remarkably in the social, economic and political levels. They were driven to their unknown fate. Many were killed on the road of displacement. Others died as a result of sickness, hunger, and even those who remained alive were dead when they arrived in the diaspora. In the refugee camps in Lebanon, poverty was accompanied by their huts and tents. They lacked the most basic needs of a proper life. They were ulnerable to disease and epidemics, killing many, especially children, because of malnutrition. Except living in isolation in a different traditions, language, etc., but they were able to develop their social status to form an Armenian society in Lebanon that is in itself strong and cohesive, maintaining their national identity and positively integrated into Lebanese society. This also applies to the economic aspect in which they have become influential. The economic power of the Armenians in Lebanon has become an important political role. It is important that the Lebanese government refused to return to Soviet Armenia when the Soviet Union launched it for the second time in 1962 for fear of upsetting the demographic balance. It is possible to say that all of this would not have been possible without the extraordinary potential of the Armenian people to cling to life and to re - establish themselves as an significant community in Lebanon and to play a large role in social, economic and political aspects.

اسرة الزياني ودورها في تاريخ البحرين حتى نهاية القرن العشرين : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Zayani Family and its Role in the History of Bahrain Until the End of the Twentieth Century (Historical study)

Author name: ياسر ماضي كاظم الغانمي
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Despite of the number of historical scientific studies that dealt with various issues and issues of the Gulf region, and its various aspects and conditions, the researchers did not give any attention or little attention to the study of one of the important topics is to delve into the history of non - ruling families, And the role of the ruling families, especially in the establishment and formation of these Emirates or countries, has effectively contributed to the strengthening of its status and the height and deepen its existence, something not previously heard by researchers as we thought This is why we chose to study the history of an important family that played a leading role in the formation and establishment of the State of Bahrain. It also contributed to its history and its present time alongside the ruling family. This family was the family of Al - zayani, who took the title of head of our study (Al - zayani family and its role in the history of Bahrain until the end of the twentieth century) historical study. The researcher divided the subject of his study on introduction, preface and three chapters, as well as the conclusion of the subject. The introductory section was divided into two sections that included giving a brief picture of the country in which most of the family members settled, namely Bahrain. The second topic is entitled (An overview of the history of Bahrain from the earliest ages until independence) ) The first chapter deals with (the first historical roots of this family). In view of the difficulty in dealing with all the details and the names of the tribes and their branches from the subdivisions of them, we decided to divide the chapters of the topics according to the vision Historians represented the four stages of history (ancient, intermediate, modern and contemporary) with some overlapping between them. The first section was entitled "The Adnanites and the Sons of Adwan." The Adnanites represent the history of the ancient Al - zayani family, while the sons of Adwan represented the intermediate history of this family. Ml address (the sons of Khalid and Al - zayanih) as the sons of Khalid representing the history of Al - zayani family in the modern era, while contemporary history such as Al - zayanih her. Since the Al - zayani family has been famous for centuries as a business family in the Gulf and India regions, the second chapter of the study was devoted to the most important contributions to the economic renaissance of Bahrain. The study of the most prominent pearl traders from the family, while the second section entitled (Al - zayaniyah between pearl and car dealerships) as the researcher touched on the stage of trade transition passed by the Al - zayani family between the pearl and car trade as the signs of that move began from the beginning of the nest Rinat of the twentieth century, which was interrupted by difficult conditions experienced by the Al - zayani family and suffered from many difficulties until it almost lost its commercial status, but the family quickly grasped its difficult situation and began to revive its business again by opening several shops to sell various materials, but This trade did not last long, as was mentioned the most prominent names of traders from the family in this subject, some of whom experienced the commercial movement of the family between the pearl trade, shops and trade cars, the third topics of the chapter is devoted to talk about the first beginnings of Al - zayani to agencies. The company has also reviewed the most important commercial branches for the sale of cars which were opened by Al - zayani in the Gulf and the Arab region, as well as a review of the most important problems faced by Al - zayani Family Company and attempts to find suitable solutions for them. The aggravation eventually led to the collapse of the family company, specifically the end of the twentieth century, when the company was divided into more than one branch took each one of them works like him after the partners shared the property of the parent company. The third chapter of the study was titled "The contributions of the Al - zayani family in the political, scientific and social fields", which included two topics, the first of which was devoted to studying the contributions and activities of the family in the political field, especially in the Bahraini national movement, with the most prominent political positions recorded by the members to support the issues In Bahrain and abroad. The second part of the chapter covered the contributions of the Al - zayani family in the field of education and the most prominent social services provided. The study included two main points. The first focused on the contribution of the Al - zayani family to the establishment of formal education in Bahrain. Dating back to the twentieth century. In addition, the study included a conclusion in which the researcher reported the most important findings concerning the subject of his study, which was the most prominent that the Al - zayani family has passed through its history in several roles, it was the first role purely economically when it was practicing pearl trade and diving behind this role Has started in the old and continued until the twenties of the twentieth century, that is, their role was one - sided until the twentieth century, and then start their role, which is a role of political - economic Some members of the family went to the national movement, while others went to business, A double role, either Aldo The latter had three dimensions or aspects : political, economic and social, as this role was characterized by development and expansion through the establishment of the Al - zayani family to take care of many fields that have become widespread and the complexity and continuity of these roles to the present

مانع سعيد العتيبة ودوره الاقتصادي ونشاطه الفكري في دولة الامارات 1946 - 1990

Author name: مالك لفتة مردي المعالي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

السياسة النفطية لحكومة عبد الكريم قاسم 1958 - 1963م : دراسة تاريخية == The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963 Historical Study

Author name: حسين علي محمد المرشدي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: On final touches, it is invaluable to review the basic scientific subjects together with the essential results throughout the study .The study is entitled “ The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963, Historical Study”. The study is to consider the subject of oil and its privileged procedures after the revolution of 14th July .From the beginning, oil privilege was the main concern for most of Iraqi people. These privileges imposed form of exploitation and injustice due to illegal considerations. As a matter of fact, incommensurable contracts that led to forfeit the right national advantages. Accordingly, clear manifestations were rather indicated to exploit Iraqi fortune of oil. As a result, the 14th of July revolution had targeted to face such policy and to persist the acquired national rights.The study is divided into prelude and four chapters. The prelude deals with the initial consideration towards Iraqi oil and what European competitions have decided after the 1st World war .Chapter one comes to consider all the oil agreement that established between Iraqi governments and foreign oil companies to investigate forms of exploitation against the Iraqi nation. Such agreements can be identified by the agreement of 1925 which was modified in 1931, the agreement of Mousl Oil Company in 1932, the agreement of Basra Oil Company in 1938 and the agreement of privilege modification in 1952.Chapter two is concerned with the economical and oil intentions of the revolution government showing its achievement to abolish feudatory, disavow the Sterling Group, repossess regional water from Basra Oil Company, retract the privilege of Khanakeen Oil Company to establish the ministry of Oil and finally to consider the Iraqi role to establish OPEC in 1960 . On its part, chapter three has dealt with the oil negotiations which took place between the revolution government and other oil companies showing the main issues of discrepancy .Chapter four has touched on the oil legislation created by the revolution government and to determine the public opinion. Subjects such as law of identifying the locations of investment for oil companies as well as for the National Oil Company is of main concern .Throughout the chapters, the research has concluded the following results :  To achieve its interest, Britain exploited the political situations that dominated all over Iraq next to the 1st World War . The Iraqi part was incapable to deal with the foreign companies supported by their governments . The first oil declaration, which was addressed by Abdul Kareem Qasim the prime minister, had a great influence to ensure the interest of the concerned major countries and moreover to recognize the new Iraqi government together with nonintervention. It is worth to mention that before the 14th of July revolution, oil production in Iraq was dominated by the oil companies which had decided the final decision . The negotiations between the revolution government and other oil companies lasted for three years when 28 meetings were held. The result of these negotiations came to light in April 1961. In return for, the revolution government established a committee to investigate the effective procedures . The oil legislation issued by the revolution government was an inevitable result due to the obstinate attitude on the part of the foreign companies . The initial step of oil industry in Iraq started with the oil laws which were issued by the revolution government to enable Iraq of the national oil fortune . Oil policy of the revolution government together with legislation had contributed to establish foreign coalitions to work against and to overthrow the government in retaliation for losing advantages .

منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي وموقفها من قضيتي كوسوفو والبوسنة والهرسك 1989 - 1999 == The Organization of Islamic Conference and its Attitude towards the Issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1989 - 1999)

Author name: نورس غصاب عبود المعالي
Supervisor name: غانم نجيب عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Organization of the Islamic Conference is considered as one of the most important international organizations .It is the second largest international organization after the United Nations. The establishment of the Organization of Islamic Conference came after several initiatives and invitations by Muslim leaders and scholars in response to the fragmentation and division of the Islamic countries. The Organization of the Islamic Conference is based on the belonging to the Islamic religion and not on a geographical, political or economic basis, like other organizations. It aims at achieving unity and religious solidarity among Muslim countries. Its membership includes most of the Islamic or Muslim - majority countries as it includes in its membership fifty - seven countries representing one third of the members of the United Nations. It is important to shed light on it and its attitudes which are considered as important in the international forums. In order to know and understand this organization, it is necessary to study its origins, objectives, principles and development, and to study how it dealt with the Islamic issues that emerged on the international scene. Therefore, the researcher has chosen it as a subject matter for this thesis under the title 'The Organization of Islamic Conference and its attitude towards the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina 1989 - 1999'.The reason behind choosing the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina is that they were major crises and wars that the world witnessed after World War II. In addition, The Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina crisis took place for a number of reasons, foremost of which were ethnic and religious conflicts as Islamic represents the religion of the majority in Kosovo and the highest percentage of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both the region and the republic sought independence just like the rest of the republics of the Yugoslav Union that got independence after the collapse of the Union. Both Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina were subjected to ethnic cleansing and abuses that affected Muslims in the region and the Republic because of their desire for independence and here comes the importance of the study in that it carries many religious, political dimensions and other needs to study and research. Thus, the researcher has chosen these two issues to study and identify the attitude of the Organization of Islamic Conference towards them.Concerning the designation of 1989 as the beginning of the study, as it is the year in which the Kosovo Albanians lost their autonomy since the 1974 Constitution by the Republic of Serbia ,and 1999 as the end of the study as it is the year in which all international endeavors and initiatives to end the Kosovo war have ended. Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina, its events took place within that period, i.e. from 1992, the date of the outbreak of the war, to the date of the implementation of the Dayton Agreement.In the light of this, the thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and some conclusions that included the most important results of the study. TheBpreface deals with Islamic Solidarity and Islamic Conferences that preceded the formation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the reasons that led to the establishment of the Organization. The first chapter examines the Organization of the Islamic Conference , its structure and its relations with the other organizations. The first chapter includes four sections : the first section focuses on the establishment of the organization, the second section deals with its organizational structure, while the third section investigates the relationships of the organization with the other international organizations, and the fourth section previews the attitudes of the Organization towards some Islamic issues.Chapter two is devoted to the attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Kosovo from 1989 to 1999. This chapter is divided into three sections : The first section includes a general study on the Republic of Yugoslavia and the region of Kosovo, the second section deals with the attitude of the Organization towards the crystallization of the Kosovo crisis of 1989 - 1998, while the third section focuses on its attitude towards Kosovo war of 1998 - 1999.The third chapter deals with the attitude of the Organization of the Islamic Conference towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1996. This chapter is divided into three sections : the first section deals with the historical roots of the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second section focuses on the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1993, and the third section is concerned with the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Dayton Agreement from 1994 - 1996.In spite of the researcher's reliance on various sources of Arabic and foreign documents and books as well as academic studies, the researcher encountered difficulties in obtaining foreign documents, especially the Yugoslav documents from their sources, as well as the lack of our libraries to the primary sources of these events, as well as the lack of sources specifically (documents) that are related to the attitude of the Organization towards the Kosovo issue, as it is a contemporary historical issue.The most important conclusions reached in this study is the success of the Islamic countries through coordination and cooperation among themselves to put forward the idea of Islamic solidarity in the field of reality. The Organization of the Islamic Conference was established at the international level as a regional organization dealing with Islamic countries in order to meet the challenges facing the Islamic countries . After several years, the Organization was able to present itself as an Islamic unit, lead the Islamic countries, and respond to the issues facing the Islamic nation, including the Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina issues. Through its conferences and decisions, the organization sought to support the issue of Kosovo Muslims and provided diplomatic and political support for the Kosovo issue as well as the financial support that is represented by aids provided by the Organization and its member states to the Muslim people in Kosovo. TheCOrganization paid much attention to the issue as it included it in its agenda and formed a special team to follow developments in the region. The attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina was stronger than the one towards Kosovo as the later was a region related to the republic of Serbia and this is an internal issue. On the other hand, Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the republics of Yugoslavia.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several internal and external factors caused the situation to be deteriorated and caused the outbreak of war. The religious factor was one of the most important reasons. Bosnia included the Muslims who constituted the largest proportion of the country. Thus, this issue was included in the agenda of the Organization , and its members made individual and collective efforts to end the crisis, and those efforts proved their response to these events and resulted in good results. The Organization succeeded in presenting the issue to various international forums. A special commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed, known as the Contact Group, which made great efforts to serve this issue both within and outside the United Nations

فاروق صالح العمرسيرته ونشاطه الوظيفي ودوره السياسي ومنهجه في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر حتى عام 2018 == Farooq Salih Al - Omer and his Method in Writing History

Author name: محمد ساجت محول الظالمي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Recently, the academic personals in the field of history have got the interest of the Iraqi universities as they had great effect in revealing several historical facts. They have prominent role in shaping the track of history writing in Iraq. Dr. Farooq Salih Al - Omar is considered as a one of those who presented many participations to the contemporary school of history in Iraq through his scientific carrier that lasted for about sixty years.The present study has included an introduction, four chapters, and conclusions . Chapter One is concerned with the social life of Farooq Salih Al - Omar and his scientific and carrier background. It includes a glance of his social life and the nature of his study from the primary stage going through completing his Ph.D. in Egypt ,and his carrier in the Ministry of Knowledge in 1959 to the time of the present study.Chapter Two, on the other hand, is devoted to study the political activity of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in which the researcher explores what happened to Al - Omar during changing the ruling system from Kingdom to Republic in 1958 which has affected his political ideas and got him to join Al - Ba'ath Arabian Communist party in 1959.Chapter Three deals with his administrative participations and his scientific and educational efforts. It explores his contribution in establishing Al - Basrah Documents center in 1990 in the Universityof Basrah and establishing the college of Historical studies in the University of Basrah in 2000, and investigates his relationships with the chancellors of the University of Basrah since moving his services to it in 1969 until his retirement in 2009. In addition, it notify his scientific and educational efforts and his method of teaching and supervising.Chapter Four investigates the method of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in the writing of history which is based on the analytical study. It views five of his publications as living samples to know his method in writing history. In addition, three of his published books in the scientific periodicals were analyzed. The study also has included some appendixes which document the life of Al - Omar.Throughout the study, the researcher has concluded several things about Al - Omar, most importantly the following : 1. He is descended from a family which was known by its social and scientific position.2. The environment that he grew in has affected his cultural and political ideas.3. His study in the Teachers institute is considered as his real turning point in his scientific, cultural, political, and ideological life 4. Changing the ruling system in Iraq from kingdom into republic in 1958 has participated in his joining to Al - Ba'ath Arabian party in 1959.5. His writing method has been characterized as being simple ,smooth , and strong. It was empty of complex words. His method was scientific and accurate, and his ordering of the events was logical. Finally, his analysis was scientific and he refused the explanations that are based on self - measurements

دور العائلات الفارسية السياسي والفكري في الدولة المغولية في الهند 1526 - 1859 م == The Political and Intellectual Roles of Persian Families in the Mughal Empire into India (1526 - 1859)

Author name: سكينة بجاي محسن
Supervisor name: اسعد حميد ابو شنة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

حميد احمد حمدان التميمي سيرته واسهاماته العلمية == Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al Tamimi His biography and scientific contributions

Author name: كرار حسين كاظم الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: After studying the biography of Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi and his scientific achievements through the four chapters of the letter, there are important conclusions reached by the study is as follows : - The facts presented in this study allow us to say that the environment in which Dr. Humaid Ahmad Hamdan al - Tamimi came out has a great impact on his intellectual and scientific orientations, especially his family, his professors and his surroundings, like the second generation of Iraqi historians who still had their clear impressions in the field of historical studies . Al - Tamimi, like other Iraqi academics, did not rely heavily on the former Baathist governments, which kept him away from the classroom and in training. Not only did he open his doors to others who were close to her, And his broad knowledge that he possesses the qualifications and expertise distinguished by others. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al - Tamimi is based on a broad base of accumulated knowledge of historical events as well as comprehensive knowledge of the basic aspects of Iraq's modern and contemporary history, the history of the Arab world and the modern and contemporary Arabian Gulf, . The scientific methodology of Tamimi seeks to reshape the historical event as it was signed with the utmost precision and clarity committed to the scientific secretariat is high, and so is interested in all the particles and details to the comprehensive view of the historical treatment, the topics and studies are overflowing with a lot of historical scientific information, based on the abundance of knowledge and diversity The multiple interpretations of the historical event document what he went through the basic and primary sources of each and every aspect of historical research. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan is a living example of scientific persistence and intellectual giving. He is one of the few who gave birth to the University of Basrah, and from the first generation, which is rarely repeated in terms of the richness ofhis knowledge and his flowing contribution, which has been harvested for many years in research, studies, readings, writings and scientific participations. At the level of the interior and abroad, and supervision of the letters and scientific messages and the adoption of administrative and scientific positions - Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi, through this study looked a brilliant man in his specialty and a historian of glory in his books Rsina in his proposals, loyal to his country to the point where the promotion of non - specialized work in the Ministry of Transport and Communication to the level of idealism.

جعفر شريف امامي ودوره السياسي في ايران حتى عام 1978 == Jafar Sharif Emami And political role in Iran until 1978

Author name: حازم كاظم طاهر الزيادي
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Jaafar Sharif Emami of the most personalities importance in the contemporary history of Iran, it is nearby Personal far from the Shah, an independent figure and did not enter into political parties until forced by the Shah after 1975 to join the RstakhizParty (Renaissance), and was among those who assisted them shah resolve crises Interior, moreover, it is characterized by a strong personality external relations internationally accepted, and he held a number of important political positions in the country, such as prime minister twice (1960 - 1961) and the (Government of national reconciliation in 1978) and chairman of the Senate for a period of fifteen years (1963 - 1978), as well as other political positions held which are numerous and many, have been reviewed in detail in the chapters of the message.Hence the choice of subject (Jafar Sharif Emami and political role in Iran until 1978), which had a clear role in the contemporaryhistory of Iran, on the grounds that most of the previous studies onits role in the development of the internal events for Iran did notlook at his early life or dealt with his role in the events, as well as all this, the choice of topic was expressing a small seed, planted inthe Finder thinking when he was in the preparatory year at the master's stage, has germinated and the flourishing of the chosensubject of study, thanks to the support and encouragement of my teacher, Dr.Naeem Jassim Mohammed The letter included an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion the most important conclusions reached by the researcher, the first chapter dealt with the life of Jafar Sharif Emami his birth and upbringing social and biography, as well as his wealth obtained through his political career, and instruction and intellectual upbringing, as well as his role in the emergence of Masonic thought in Iran, as well as career include it political coin early until 1960, beginning his service manager for the Department of irrigation in the reign of Ahmed strength of the Sultanate in 1947, and he assumed the post of Minister of ways in the government of Ali packages Lara (1950 - 1951), and Minister of industry and minerals in the government of Dr. Manouchehr Iqbal ( 1957 - 1960).

باقر شريف القرشي سيرته واثاره الفكرية (1927ــ2012) : دراسة تاريخـية == Biography of Bakker Sharref Al - Querishi And His Intellectual Contributions

Author name: عزيز غالي حسين حمدان العامري
Supervisor name: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is entitled the Biography of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his intellectual contribution (1925 - 2012).we should refer that there have been a disagreement among researchers about the date of his birth which is considered the starting point of this study where the researcher have found that several reliable sources which mentioned that his birth was in (1925) , but after laborious examination , eventually prove undoubtedly evidence that it was in (1927) which occurred after televised meeting with him. Therefore , the study starts from the year (1927). The most important reason for our choice of this subject is that there is no previous sufficient academic study which dealt and disclosed the remarkable life for such great personage .Hence , the nature of the study required a scheme involves introduction, four Chapter and conclusions .The first chapter entitled the birth , upbringing and formation of his social character which consist of three inquiries. The first inquiry about : the life of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi (his name , lineage (family),born and bred ,his preliminary education ,his marriage and family ,and features of his personality ).while the second inquiry is about : his intellectual tributaries(social climate ,the press, and the genetic aspect), the third inquiry about Bakker s social and scientific status and death . the second chapter entitled acquisition of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , the first entitled the religious Education of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , while the second inquiry about : his students ,their impression ,what has been written and said about him , the writers who affected him ,the motivation to write ,the last one is the third inquiry about the politics of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his attitude towards the politics events.Chapter three studies the intellectual and scientific production of the Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi which ,in turn ,has been distributed into two inquiries, the first is entitled : his printed books and the second entitled : the study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his writing methodology ,which involving two inquiries,the first about study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi From this presentation of the contents of research which apparently Demonstrates that the knowledgeable formation and religious environment Where the scholar lived in between the lap of traditional legacy adhered to the sound foundation of Islamic doctrine and between intellectual environment which had been secreted by the nature of scientific environment where he had grown up and nurtured in which had a clear impact in preparing his intellectual tributaries and opening up his knowledgeable channels which highly had helped in forging his scientific character . As a result of blending and interaction on his vision and opened up new horizons which,in turn ,allowed to introduce the analogical studies within his research ,and adopted a new methodology in dealing with knowledge in field of historical erudition in topics not oblivious for requirements of a historical and scientific approach, as well as, title of his topics have characterizes with precision and objectively . This lead to present an extensive knowledgeable achievement. We can realize , to some extent that his writings have never been familiar but he exerted a considerable efforts in addressing multiple issue of history according to a logical imaginative perspective to treat the reasons of turbulence of history. He also has had a high degree of distinction in intellectual and scientific output in domain of historical studies which qualified hi to be considered ,by observes ,one of the greatest pioneers in history of Iraq in terms of his works subject of history ,especially in lives and chronicles of (Ahlul - Beit) the off spring of prophet Muhammed (pease be upon him) that distinguished him from other historical writers .Having a look at his writings, we can notice the considerable diversity in style quantitatively and qualitatively. he handled issue ,topics and numerous ,varied ,historical points of debate in according to systematic bases and view reflected firmly his approach and mechanisms in his pattern for researching .in addition ,the scholar ,Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi, was not just a writer in history ,but ,moreover, he almost wrote in all Islamic order ,doctrine , language, and religious erudition.he was ,and still, considered as one of the greatest personas in history of contemporary Iraqi scholar is ,deservedly ,considered as an encyclopedia who left an apparent indelibly imprint on generations seekers of history science and its facts . he realy enjoyed with a sense of an adherent chronicler with his systematic line of thinking which almost approaching for mythology in writing of history ,especially in relation to his arranging of marging.In sum,we can infer undoubtedly that he had an amazing foresight for events which we can realize through what he referred to, not in position to assets of figures hehad passed on and translated theme , but we have found how he was utterly conscientious to present for his readers a valid historical account by means of the diversity in reliable sources, with purpose in his mind,to figure out and beef up of the historical fact which he related in his creative works.B) )When analyzing his style of writing=g , we can recognize how his style has been distinguished with reference to the clarity and simplicity, any tentative reader approach for events and details .And another distinctive merit which differentiates him from whole writers is that his books process wide coverage ; consequently ,filling a wide gaps in agreat deal of libraries and, for their extremely importance, they have translated for many language such as English, Ordic,Turkish,Sawahi, and language of Husa . his books were (65) books . in addition ,some of this books have become curriculum or course of study in international universities such as the Islamic university in London and the Algerian university .Indeed , he has been considered by critics in literary scene as on of the elite that proved the knowledgeable and historical movement with books enjoyed with high level of validity and reliability in terms of the historical accounts . As a result , he was the only Iraqi author who is designated a private section in the library of the American congeress

الموقف الباكستاني من الغزو السوفيتي لافغاننستان 1979 - 1989 == The Pakistani Attitude From the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979 - 1989)

Author name: ايمان محبس مدلول الطاهر
Supervisor name: اسعد حميد ابو شنة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Afghanistan has undergone many major transformations on all of the political, military, economic and social levels that had a significant impact on its local and regional status. Due to its geographical position, Afghanistan had a special significance because of its proximity to the crossroads of three different civilized centers; Central Asia, The Indian sub - continent and the Middle East, which became controversial over the years between the major powers dominating the world at the time. Since the beginning of its modern history, the location of Afghanistan represented for the Soviet Union an important strategic position that made the Soviet Union aspire to polarize Afghanistan towards it, despite the fact that Afghanistan, after getting rid of the British dependency in 1919, had taken the non - aligned policy as a slogan of the state and became far from interventions that took place in the outside world, including alliances of the two World Wars I and I.But the major and regional countries neighboring Afghanistan had another opinion, the most prominent of which are the Soviet Union and Pakistan. the Soviet Union, being geographically adjacent to Afghanistan thought that it was necessary to control this country and manipulate it, then take control of Pakistan to ensure they were not dragged into the Western camp. The Soviet Union began to politically, economically, and even socially contain Afghanistan by spreading communist ideas to extract Afghanistan from its religious enclosure so that it could dictate its conditions upon it. In economic terms, the Soviet Union bound Afghanistan to many treaties in order to vigorously link the Afghan economy to the Soviet one. Therefore, Afghanistan embraced countless treaties that made the Soviet Union the sole controller of the Afghan economy. Culturally, the Soviet Union brought to Afghanistan the means of education and ideas that went in line with the Communist Party, which was rapidly spreading in Afghanistan ahead of the invasion.Pakistan's close proximity to Afghanistan and the social, linguistic, cultural and religious ties between the two countries had played a major role in moving the Afghan society to the desired destination of Pakistan and its allies, as the allies of Pakistan, especially the United States of America, knew how to approach Afghanistan under the umbrella of religion and Islamic Jihad since the Islamic religion in Afghanistan has the upper hand. Hence, Pakistan had been at the forefront of what was going on in Afghanistan - the Soviet invasion of it in 1979 .This in itself did not appeal to the other anti - Soviet forces, i.e., the US, which felt that Afghanistan had been dragged to the Eastern Camp.Through the above study we have highlighted the position of Pakistan from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and have come to conclude the following results : The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 - 1989 represented an important event on the regional and international scene. Major and regional countries were unable to stand still because of the very important effects they had on manyBcountries, especially in Asia. Pakistan was one of the most affected countries for several reasons, some were related to its foreign policy and regional relations with its neighbors, especially India and the unsettled issues between them, while other reasons were related to its relations with major countries - the United States and the Soviet Union - and Pakistan's need for a strong ally to support it in the face of the regional challenges, as well as the challenges of internal building and the advancement of the country's economy. There were many things that manifested Pakistan's hostile attitude towards the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan : Pakistan considered the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as the greatest threat to its security and may be greater than the traditional Indian threat, besides the fear of Pakistan that the Soviet Union might take use of its borders to reach their desired goal, i. e., warm waters. The Soviet invasion did not serve the interests of Pakistan, especially on the internal, social, and economic levels, because of the effects that resulted from the invasion such as the social problems and economic losses that had increased the burden of the emerging Pakistani economy. The advanced Indo - Soviet relations had a significant impact on directing Pakistan's position towards the Afghan issue. Pakistan felt that it had become politically and ideologically hostile to both countries. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a strategic security threat to the Pakistan national security as the Soviet forces were coming closer to the Pakistani borders. Pakistan's rejection of the Soviet invasion was based on maintaining Pakistan's national security, including India's threat. Pakistan had not been able to determine the appropriate bases in the face of this great challenge due to its limited economic, political and military capabilities compared to the Soviet Union, so it had to rely on the great powers that would be an adversary to the Soviet Union and diverging in ideological goals; the United States represented this type of force.Hence, both Pakistan and Afghanistan mattered in the Cold War, and turned to have an important role in the eyes of the US, just as the Soviet Union had presence in Afghanistan, the United States had to be close to it, and Pakistan represented the most appropriate place for that presence. Pakistan was the base of financing, training, and equipping the Afghan resistance factions against the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, besides the great political and intelligence presence of the United States. Pakistani territory was the most important base for all of the young people, who wanted to fight the Soviet forces, coming from various regions of the Islamic world.

ال الحرفوش في بعلبك 1497 - 1865م : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: زهرة محمد حلو الشيباني
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

العلاقات الامريكية - القطرية 1971 - 1991 == American_Oatar relations 1971_1991

Author name: دعاء ريسان صدام منحوش الغانمي
Supervisor name: قيس جواد علي الغريري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Gulf region is of great importance and importance in the foreign policy of the United States of America. This stems from two basic facts. The first is that the Gulf region has strategic importance and weight in the Arab world. Most countries in the region, (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE and Oman) have strong relations with the West, especially the United States, making it one of the determinants of the movement in the regional system of the Middle East. The second fact is that US foreign policy has a clear impact on the lives of nations and peoples. The US - Qatari relations 1971 - 1991 because the State of Qatar is part of them from the Arabian Gulf region, as well as what this country represents in the political thought of the United States America, which is trying to achieve its goals and interests in it.The United States established diplomatic relations with the State of Qatar in 1972 after its independence in 1971. The United States followed a foreign policy towards the State of Qatar based on the existence of fundamental interests that emerge through the importance represented by Qatar as one of the most important oil deposits in the world. The United States intervened in many countries because of its oil policies and for that the United States used its foreign policy and all of the same diplomatic and military pressure to turn the equation in their favor. US - Qatari relations have grown increasingly important in various fields, especially in economic, military and commercial aspects. The time frame for the study was set between 1971 - 1991 according to many considerations. The year 1971 witnessed the independence of the State of Qatar, as well as the most important event in the history of the region, namely the British withdrawal from it, and the beginning of the American rush. To protect its interests starting with strengthening its relationship with some countries in the region and ending with increasing its military presence in the region, especially with the six Gulf states. While the end of the study was determined in 1991 because it witnessed a great change in the Gulf region, which represents the American response and the other countries to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and how the United States used it to establish its presence in the region steadily and intensively through the establishment of military bases deployed in different regions of countries Surrounding the waters of the Arabian Gulf. This is what the study is keen to clarify.We divided the study into an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources. The first chapter was titled : The decline of the British colonial influence in the Gulf and the beginning of the American interest in the region through three studies : We focused on the first of them on the site of Qatar under the strategic importance of the Arabian Gulf, The site has influenced the development of the State of Qatar, and we discussed in the second section to the British withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and the independence of the State of Qatar in 1971, while highlighted in the third topic the beginning of US interest in Qatar. The second chapter is devoted to the study of oil and gas investment and their impact on the development of US - Qatari relations, divided into three fields. The first dealt with the oil investment and the role of American companies and how oil played an important role in giving Qatar great importance among other countries, especially the United States. Oil and gas revenues in the country's development, and how these revenues have been the main factor in the development of the State of Qatar at all levels, while the third studied the development of US - Qatari economic relations.The third chapter focuses on the impact of regional conflicts on US - Qatari relations. It was clarified through three studies. The first topic focused on the October 1973 war, the American and Qatari positions, and how Qatar stood by the Arab countries in imposing an oil embargo on the United States and European countries supporting Israel. . The second topic dealt with the American and Qatari situation from the Iran - Iraq War, which occupied the region for many years, and which threatened the security of the Arab Gulf States, while the third topic highlighted the details of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the nature of the American and Qatari position.The fourth chapter focused on the study of Qatar's position in the US military strategy through three areas. The first focused on the common motives of Qatar and the United States on military concerns towards the Gulf region by securing energy sources and protecting allied systems. Through the creation of the US Central Command in 1983, which was the result of serious developments in the region, notably the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1979 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the same year, as well as US and national defense arrangements, while studying the third topic The latest concept of security joint US strategy and country militarily, economically and politically in accordance.

العلاقات المصرية - الهندية 1952 - 1970 == Egyptian - Indian relations 1952 - 1970

Author name: هشام نعيم غليم الكعبي
Supervisor name: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The political relations of the countries are complex and multifaceted aspects and dimensions as they represent the goals and self - interest of each state to other countries or movements or revolutions or international events and others, and the Egyptian - Indian political relations of those relations affected by the international events that occurred in the Middle East, and the interventions and projects launched Countries . Egypt and India are major countries with weight and influence in the regional and international affairs. They both have great demographic and economic weight, and are based on ancient civilization and cultural components. They are therefore receiving regional and international attention. The subject of the Egyptian - Indian relations was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. Each chapter contains several topics according to the subject unit and the historical sequence. The study is devoted to studying the roots of Egyptian - Indian relations for the years prior to the time period of the letter. The first chapter studied the Indian - Egyptian relations (1955 - 1952), and this era is full of political events in the Middle East. The chapter included four topics. The first came to study : India's position on the revolution of July 23, 1952 in Egypt. The Egyptian - British evacuation in 1954. The third topic dealt with the Egyptian - Egyptian position of the 1955 Baghdad Pact. The fourth topic focused on the Egyptian - Indian role at the 1955 Bandung Conference. The second chapter is devoted to the study of Egyptian - Indian relations (1956 - 1961). It includes three topics. The first is the position of India on the nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956. The second section deals with the official and popular Indian position on the tripartite aggression against Egypt 1956, Addressing India's position on Egyptian - Syrian unity and separation (1958 - 61).The third chapter deals with the Egyptian - Indian relations in light of the regional developments 1962 - 1970. It also includes three topics. The first topic is the Egyptian position on the Indo - Chinese conflict 1962 - 1963. The second section deals with Egypt's position on the death of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. 1964, and the third topic dealt with the role of Egypt in the Indo - Pakistan war on Kashmir 1965, and the fourth section dealt with the position of India of the Arab - Israeli war 1967. He pointed out that Egypt and India are two major regional states and are based on a long - standing civilization, a distinct strategic position, and the population and civilization. The Egyptian - Indian relations have not experienced any problems or tensions during their history because of the absence of geographic borders, regional competition or ideological conflict. On the contrary, relations have always improved, developed and converged views and interests at all levels. Egypt and India pursued a liberal policy aimed at freeing their countries from British hegemony. These efforts culminated in India's independence. This led Egypt to cancel its treaty with Britain and to demand that Britain withdraw from the Suez Canal. India also announced its support for Egypt, promised nationalization of the Egyptian sovereignty supplements and it is an internal issue. He also described the tripartite aggression against Egypt as an aggression against peace and a flagrant attack on the resolutions of the United Nations (General Assembly). Egypt has used its political and diplomatic relations with India to develop relations with the convergence of viewpoints in political positions in international forums. These approaches are converged through the conferences of the Non - Aligned Movement and strive to unify political efforts to make the region a permanent peace zone free of weapons and military bases. - Egypt's position on the issue of Kashmir between India and Pakistan and its neutral stance on regional and international issues from India's point of view are positive positions that push the bilateral relations between Egypt and India to the best and the best.

العلاقات الايرانية اللبنانية 1953 - 1979 == Iranian Lebanese relations 1953 - 1979

Author name: احمد طعمة جعفر الموسوي
Supervisor name: جميل موسى النجار
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the Iranian - Lebanese relations is considered an important topic, because Lebanon for the Iranian government is one of the most essential countries in the Middle East. Hence, good relations between these two countries through different periods of times cannot be ignored especially during the era of the Safavid state which invited Shiite scholars from Jabal Amel to support and strengthen state in Iran. The most prominent of these scholars were Sheikh Ali bin Abdul Aali al - Ameli, who died in 1533, known as the “Al - Karaki the editor”, and Sheikh Hussain bin Abdul - Samad al - Amali, who died in 1576. The children of these scholars are still living in Iran, and thus the roots of the religious relations between the two countries became a reason for the development of political, economic and cultural relations in later periods.Yet, the first action in the political relations between the two countries dates back to the period of the Lebanese President Camille Chamoun (1952/1958), who is considered the first Lebanese friend to Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza, and who is credited for setting up political relations with Iran through his government's first treaty of friendship and cooperation between the two states in 17 October 1953. After that, the relations evolved to change the title of the Iranian Commission operating in Beirut to the rank of embassy and Rahmat Atabaki became “Ambassador of Iran” instead of “Minister Plenipotentiary”, while Lebanese President Camille Chamoun paid an official visit to Iran on 17 October 1956 for the purpose of rapprochement between the two countries, especially in the issue of Baghdad Pact. These relations were reinforced by joining the American policy through the accession of Iran and Lebanon to the Eisenhower project in March 1957, until President Chamoun ordered on March 5, 1957 to upgrade the Lebanese Commission working in Iran to Embassy, for the purpose of rapprochement with Iran due to the fear of the policy of President Abdel Nasser, the enemy of the Shah’s regime at that time, as President Chamoun was reluctant to the influence of Nasser in Lebanon. As a result of Chamoun’s pro - Iranian and pro - Western policy, an internal pro - Nasser opposition emerged in Lebanon in 1958 to topple Chamoun’s government, and this let to the outbreak of the 1958 uprising which was almost able to reach its goal but the interference of the Marines plus the military and financial support provided by the Shah of Iran to Chamoun’s prevented realizing this goal, and the crises ended up by electing Major General Fuad Shehab as President of "Lebanon in 1958" as successor to President Camille Chamoun.As president Shehab became in office, the Iranian - Lebanese relations cooled due the new Lebanese government's inclination towards Egyptian policy against Iran and its allies, and because of the positions of Iranian Ambassador Ali Fattouhi in Lebanon and his statements against President Gamal Abdel Nasser which led to expelling the Iranian ambassador in Beirut by the Lebanese government, and hence Lebanon broke its relations with Iran in January 1966 for 16 month until April 1967.After the re - establishment of relations, another development took place in the course of the Iranian - Lebanese relations, and this time relating to the arrest of the former head of the Iranian Savak, General Timur Bakhtiar, whose return to Iran was demanded by Tehran government because of judicial files against him. However, the Lebanese judiciary refused to send him back to Iran, and was released from Lebanese prisons after the end of the sentence. The Iranian government announced the breaking of its relations with Lebanon on April 1, 1969, which lasted until July 16, 1971.After the re - establishment of relations, Iran exploited the sectarian religious factor in Lebanon by supporting some charitable projects for the Shiite community in Lebanon, but this work did not last long until the dispute with the presidency of the Supreme Shiite Council in Lebanon, specifically with Imam Musa al - Sadr arouse due to the presence of Mustafa Jimaran (the head of the Iranian opposition) in South Lebanon which made the Iranian government neglect the affairs of the Shiite community in Lebanon, and instead it consolidated its relations with the Christian community especially with the The Lebanese Phalanges Party (Al - Kataeb) led by Pierre Gemayel and The National Liberal Party (Ḥizb Al - Waṭaniyyīn Al - Aḥrār) led by Camille Chamoun. When the Lebanese civil war broke out the Iranian government sided with the Christian factions while the Iranian people and its religious establishments supported the Muslims through offering humanitarian aid to those affected by the civil war.Economic relations were an important aspect of the relations between the two countries. For that reason, the Iranian government held an economic treaty with Lebanon on 5 July 1956, and thus trade between the two countries increased. As for touristic relations, these were also present in the course of relations between the two countries, where a tourism treaty was signed on December 9, 1973, which led to the prosperity of the economic life of Lebanon as Lebanon depends on tourism in support of its economic budgets. In the field of cultural relations, Iran supported the cultural aspect because it viewed Lebanon as the heart of the Arab world of the cultural domain, which accelerated in the conclusion of a cultural treaty on October 17, 1956. These were the relations between the two countries at all levels during 1953 - 1979

حسن عبدالله الترابي ونشاطه السياسي والفكري في السودان حتى عام 2016 == HASSAN ABDULLAH AL - TURABI AND HIS INTELLECTUAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY IN SUDAN UNTIL 2016

Author name: فاطمه عبد السادة شنشول
Supervisor name: قيس جواد علي الغريري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Sudan has dramatically witnessed historical events. Such events have led to the emergence of political figures who have a great influence on Sudanese arena of politics. Such figures have motivated many researchers to study them and reveal their roles in Sudanese history. One of the most influential figures in Sudanese history is Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi. He is a leader and thinker who has influenced contemporary Sudanese history. The study of the character of Hassan Abdullah Al - Turabi has revealed that he is a son of a prestigious family in Sudanese society. The family is famous at knowledge and religiousness. His family descends from Wad Al - Turabi village. He is a descendant of a famous mystic religious sheikh, Hamad Al - Turabi. His father is a legal judge and the first graduate of the Supreme Scientific Institute in Omdurman in 1925. Such family especially his father has influenced and shaped his personality. He travelled abroad to pursue his study in Europe where he first took Master of Law from the University of London and then Doctorate of Law from the University of Sorbonne. With these solid academic credentials, he returned to Sudan, where he became the dean of Law College at Al - Khartoum University. However, he resigned the dean office in 1964 to start his political career. His political career started by addressing a speech in a symposium held by Khartoum University to solve the Southern Sudan issue. He participated in the October Revolution. Consequently, a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the First Democracy (1964 - 1969). Hassan Al - Turabi became the secretary general of the Islamic Charter Front and joined the Muslim Brotherhood. In 1969, Colonel Jafa'ar Al - Numeiri seized power in a coup. Al - Turabi held gradually various offices in Al - Numeiri's reign. He held the chair of a parliamentary committee to review the laws of Islamic Sharia in 1979, and then became the minister of justice and presidential consultant of foreign affairs. In 1985, an uprising broke out and consequently a new era emerged in the Sudanese history called the Era of the Second Democracy (1985 - 1989).Hassan Al - Turabi founded the National Islamic Front in 1986. In 1988, he became the deputy of the prime minster and the minister of foreign affairs in Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government. Hassan Al - Turabi is considered as the planner and implementer of the 30th July coup in 1989. The coup brought Omar Hassan Al - Bashir to the power. In 1996, Hassan Al - Turabi became the chairman of the Sudanese Parliament. He founded the party of Popular Congress and became the secretary general of the party. During his political career, Hassan Al - Turabi was detained many times by Al - Numeiri's and Al - Bashir's authorities

نوبار باشا ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1895 == Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt until 1895

Author name: لؤي جمعة فاضل
Supervisor name: عماد نعمة العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After studying the personality of Nubar Pasha and his political role in Egypt we can say that he was considered one of the prominent figures and active and influential in the course of the events of Egypt during the nineteenth century and although it is Armenian, but his memory remained stuck in the memory of the Egyptians has launched several labels on as many as possible His name included a street in the name of Nubar Pasha in Cairo, the Nubaria region, the Nubaria canal, the Nubari plow, the Nubari cotton, the Nubari cotton, and the Egyptian father of the peasant, let alone the most influential government positions he was assigned to, which required the experience and political skill of Nubar Pasha. The names mentioned above and the positions he has assumed reflect the fact that he had an active and influential role in the modern history of Egypt. He also received the respect of the successive governments, which did not change any of the names that confirm their appreciation for his efforts in the service of Egypt. Several factors contributed to the formation of his personality, On the political performance, including He grew up in an Armenian family that had considerable experience in administrative and commercial affairs. He studied in the schools of France and Switzerland, where he learned a lot of Western culture and foreign languages. He was married to Folek Hanim, daughter of Kevork Bek, one of the most famous Armenian families in Astana, Which facilitated Nubar Pasha's many tasks entrusted to him in addition to his good relations with foreign communities and consuls of foreign countries And then included in the functions from the time of Muhammad Ali Pasha until the reign of Abbas Hilmi II All these factors helped Nubar Pasha to form a broad knowledge of the country's political conditions, which gave him the hard ground and facilitated the performance of his functions well and able Nubar Pasha was internationally recognized as a representative of Egypt in many foreign conferences and his important international negotiations, especially during the reign of Khedive Ismail. He was fluent and spoke in many foreign languages. He was able to influence those who dealt with them and the possibility of convincing them of his point of view. Extensive experience in various administrative and political affair In spite of the great political role played by Nubar Pasha, he was criticized for establishing mixed courts. However, correspondence between him and Khedive Ismail (1863 - 1879) about its establishment confirms that his negotiations with the privileged countries were based on the wishes of Khedive Ismail and his orders And his advice to reform Egypt's deteriorating judicial system. Thus, Nubar Pasha alone is not responsible for establishing mixed courts In spite of these criticisms, Nubar Pasha considered that Egypt's independence does not depend on a concession from the high door that costs the country a heavy price, but on the strength and good management of Egypt, which in his opinion is very difficult as long as there are seventeen consulates, For the power of Khadio himself, so he started to proceed Judicial reform on the basis of unity in legislation, justice and implementation to ensure the achievement of justice for all And include the Europeans and Egyptians alike and thus prevail justice and the power of Khedive Ismael and the power of consensual consuls, but his project was not achieved because of the aspirations of European countries The courts have been subjected to numerous criticisms because their laws differ from Islamic law and are used in French, English and Italian instead of Arabic, and the presence of European judges, often characterized by favoritism to their citizens, leading to dishonesty. Moreover, most Egyptians were ignorant of the laws of these courts, which left them prey to blackmailing European moneylenders. Although these courts were manifestations of foreign influence, Therefore, Nubar Pasha is considered one of the most important figures who were characterized by nostalgia for the Egyptians, compassion for them, attention to their interests, care for their affairs and guardianship of their affairs when they confronted tyranny, corruption, nepotism, forced labor, privileges, taxes and other things. I weighed on them

الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية 1926 - 1962 == The Social and Economical Situations in the Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom 1926 - 1962

Author name: ماهر محمود صالح الجبوري
Supervisor name: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Yemeni Mutawaqli Kingdom is considered the important part of Yemeni which lies on the northern part of it. It was occupied by the Ottmon State. Many radical events took place in the time of First World War (1914 - 1918). It supports to form a political entity. So many social and economical status (1926 - 1962) is considered the natural outcome to the political of the Emam Yahya Hameed and his successive son Al - Emam Ahmed which had great effect on the nature of the Yemeni society. The following study has concluded the following findings : • The Mutawakly kingdom has founded after the fall of the Ottman kingdom (1914 - 1918)• Economically, the area of the kingdom has characterized with a fertilizing land, having availability of grains and crops that help make strong economy.• The kingdom has relied on traditional and primitive industry such as pottery dyeing colors and textiles, leather industries and sesame oil and making mats, scooping and getting little oil - drilling depending on the foreign capitals.• The trade had been deteriorated during the area of Al - Emam Yahya due to many reasons such as lack of transportation and lack of banking transactions. • The study reveals that Al - Emam Ahmed had made many reforms in the field of economical and social life and hold many contracts with Russia and Japan and some other Arabian and European countries and some American companies for the purpose of developing economy

الاوضاع الداخلية في كركوك 1958 - 1968 == The internal situations in Kirkuk 1958 - 1968

Author name: مريم محمود عيدان الجبوري
Supervisor name: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Kirkuk Brigade is one of the most important Iraqi brigades, occupying an important strategic position in northern Iraq, making it a North - South link, As well as containing the black gold (oil), which is the greatest wealth in the world, in addition to the fact that the brigade is an important agricultural area, It includes a colorful social structure composed of different nationalities and spectrums of Turkmen, Arabs and Kurds, As well as the different religions and doctrines in which Muslims, Christ and Jews previously, all of them live together as brothers and lovers are linked with the bonds of friendship, marriage, love and brotherhood, All of this made the brigade of Kirkuk the focus of everyone's attention is the heart of Iraq's spring. During the period 1958 - 1968, the Kirkuk Brigade witnessed clear developments in all its political, social and economic situations, As the revolution of 14 July 1958 and the subsequent political events had a positive and negative impact on the brigade in particular, The political events and the political struggle for power that the country experienced during the study period had a negative effect on the Kirkuk Brigade. The results were clear in 1959 as the worst massacre in the history of the brigade, Moreover, the revolution of July 14, 1958 had positive effects on its behalf if the government undertook many urban projects in order to promote and raise the social, cultural and economic level of the country. The researcher reached the following conclusions : • As a result of a new republican regime, administrative changes were required, as some administrative units moved on the one hand, and new areas of the brigade were created as a result of the expansion of some administrative units and the increase in the number of its inhabitants.• The researcher realized that the powers of the military ruler were during the rule of Abdul Karim Qasim far more than the powers of the administrator and became all civil matters in his hand as well as that the local administration has become subject to his supervision, which made the military rule until 1963 when the arrival of Abdul Salam Aref to power canceled the post The military ruler and expanded the powers of the executive.• In the field of education and education in the brigade, the government took care of this aspect a lot and worked hard to raise the level of cultural and during the period of study and the opening and restoration of several schools within the Kirkuk Brigade, and encouraged the education of women and opened secondary schools for girls and received primary education luck, Primary schools in the brigade, This is due to the large numbers of people and the importance of education, As well as the availability of all educational services, including free education, which was an encouraging factors that prompted families to send their children to school, We also note that the number of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Salam Aref was less, as we compared in the preparation of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Karim Qasim, This is due to the lack of government allocations for the budget of education and directing it to another area to carry out other projects because of the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the preparation of schools.• In the health field, it has also received great attention from the government as many hospitals, health clinics and maternity and childhood centers were opened during the study period to raise the level of health in the brigade, The researcher also found that the number of hospitals has decreased during 1967, due to the cases of integration and cancellation of the hospitals in the brigade, as well as the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the number of hospitals opened in the brigade reduced the health budget and turned it into the military establishment.• The transport and communications sector witnessed a remarkable development within the Kirkuk Brigade as the government took care of it. It established a passenger transport service as a result of the increase of the population of the brigade during that period. It also opened many bridges and roads and provided all social services to cope with development and change to raise the social level.• Agriculture in Kirkuk was characterized by the development of the republican era as a result of modern irrigation projects, including the introduction of modern agricultural means, including mechanization, as well as the construction of dams and dams, which raised the agricultural reality, as well as the agricultural environment of Kirkuk helped improve the quality of production.• The industry, along with traditional industries, found other handicraft industries that led to the establishment of factories and factories that concentrated in the main cities of the brigade. This led to the development of the internal trade of the brigade. Kirkuk became the center of the brigade, a commercial center, which led to the emergence of commercial markets which diversified in diversified commodities and industrial products. What distinguishes the study period is the establishment of an industrial bank that took upon itself the financing of industrial projects, which resulted in the emergence of civil projects in Kirkuk

التطورات السياسية في اليمن الشمالي 1968 - 1978 == Political developments in North Yemen 1968 - 1978

Author name: سارة مكي عبد علي عباس الشمري
Supervisor name: كاظم حسن جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The tribe was one of the most powerful elements in the Yemeni cause. It had power and authority that exceeded the authority of the central government. Saudi Arabia exploited this matter and turned its attention to them because of the importance and location of Yemen to them and several regional and international countries intervened in Yemen after the fall of the monarchy. The people who took the leadership of Yemen، since the reign of the Imam and until the fall of the last leaders، were soldiers and not civilians، which had the result that they were in a clash and a permanent conflict with the authority of the tribe. The government was composed of the Presidential Council (the Revolutionary Command Council)، the ministers and the Advisory Council. The Advisory Council speaker was the elder Abdullah Bin Hussein Al - Ahmar and this had always made the government and the council in a permanent conflict. The conflict was between the government، the tribes and the elders. The elder Al - Ahmar was always the one who represented the conflict. In 1973، the Yemeni authority entered a dark path due to internal political disputes and conflicts. Abdul Rahman Al - Iryani decided to resign and agreed with the Advisory Council chairman that he would also resign. Yemen then entered a new phase، the stage of President Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. During this period، the power of the tribe was withheld and its influence removed from the army، which made the elders in enmity to Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. He was seeking to establish a civil state rather than a tribal state. When Ibrahim Al - Hamdi became the president، he took care of the army and the military rank and turned down the power influence of the tribes. The issue of unity with the South was of great interest in order to declare unity between them، but because of this policy was assassinated in a treacherous and ugly way and because of this regional and international intervention، the Yemeni people have never enjoyed the results of the revolution against the monarchy.In view of the importance of this historical period of the life of the Yemeni people from its political history، a topic was chosen for this message، which consisted initially of a prelude to Yemen's political، social and economic history before and after the revolution. The first chapter examined the period from 1968 - 1972، before Abdul Rahman al - Eryani stepped down from power to Ibrahim al - Hamdi، and the conflict between the republicans and the monarchists until the announcement of national reconciliation and the developments that took place after the declaration of reconciliation. The second chapter focuses on the causes of the conflict between the political forces and the coup done by Ibrahim al - Hamdi as well as meetings of the unity committees between Sana'a and Aden and the political differences between them، the coup of Ibrahim al - Hamdi or the June 13 corrective movement and the political parties in the era of Ibrahim al - Hamdi.The third chapter is about the political developments in 1975 - 1978 and what happened during that period، which is represented by some important events and the most important was Hamdi's assumption of power and the crime of assassination in a treacherous and ugly manner and the repercussions of the internal situation. The authority overtake of Hussein al - Khashmi and his assassination and Abdul Karim al - Arashi who overtook the power for 40 days to run the government and gave it up to Ali Abdullah Saleh.

العلاقات الفرنسية الايرانية 1958 - 1981 == Relation between France and Iran (1958 - 1981

Author name: صفاء جليل ثجيل
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Occupies the study of International relations great importance in the can temporary world, Especially once Regional and strategy state as Iran, and Europe state as France each located on the different continent and separate them vast distance, But a common interest brought them together and a common positions of world issues, it led to the formation of Bilateral relations Parties gathered in the several fields, as a policy, Economic, and the Health Even the Cultural sphere, Reflected the reality that the relation are not confined geographical boundaries, or a language, or a political system, or even religious ties, but subject to consideration self - interest, and ideological prespectives, to the ruling political system, and its orientations. If the International relations represent the general frame to the convergence of all forms between peoples the forging policy is occupies part bountiful from this area, it cannot be any state in the world to build relationships with the other states without paint constants and variables of forging policy and public. Lines, to be able to achieve its goals, commensurate with motives and requirements and perhaps it may result in failures, away that’s Makes it reconsider in policy and paint a new dimension for international relations and put, so the forging policy the bedrock of international relation, this is in addition to the international law, which is subject to all considerations of international relation, Iran plays a strategic role in the east making it the focus of attention of European powers in clouding France, which tried repeatedly follow multiple policies to keep pace with Iran and gain satisfaction in many periods. The study came to address the issue of the relation between France and Iran since the phase Gaullist even the Islamic republic in Iran (1958 - 1981) consisting of an intro diction and four parts and conclusion, the first chapter includes the relations in the era of DE Gaulle, and the most important controls, and the Iran and method of dealing the world, with the statement of pillars of its forging policy au France look it to. While the second quarter came to Explaining the nature of the change which happened in Iran after the white revolution and implications for the forging policy of Iran with the statement of size armament obtained by Iran of European powers, including France, pointing to the most important aspects of relations between the two countries, and their attitude towards October war 1973 and the impact on ties. Big radical evolution happened then in the contemporary history of Iran it is the outbreak of the Islamic revolution led by ayatollah Khomeini and the creative revolution doctor Ali Shariti and the nature of the position taken by France from the Islamic revolution and the revolutionary elements both within Iran or those that have resorted to pairs during the revolution including ayatollah Khomeini which what work the third chapter to coverage. Even if the Iran - Iraq war broke out after the formation of the republic shortly we find that the relations between two sides it has taken a negative chapter, especially after France's support for Iraq and arming it against Iran, and continuing its hostile policy against Iran, particularly in the period of president Mitterrand with the withdrawal of Iran its share of nuclear facilities, and the deterioration of companies responsible for funding of these projects, with a view of the causes of this war, and the position of European powers of it. Of course, the relations between them have seen this fluctuation according to the dictates of international conditions, that is still to this day sets define paths of war and war and peace in the world.

الوزارات المستحدثة واثرها في الواقعين الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للعراق 1958 - 1963 == The Effect of Created Ministries on the Economic and social Aspects in Iraq 1958 - 1963

Author name: سعد عبد الواحد عبد الخضر
Supervisor name: حسن علي عبد الله السماك
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The newly formed ministries in Iraq for the period from 1959 to 1963 represented the most comprehensive changes in the economic and social aspects. Thus, we can say that the July 14 th is a real revolution and not a military coup through its achievements in the advancement of the society. When laws were enacted, No. 74 of 1959, which included the creation of seven ministries, namely the Ministry of Agrarian Reform, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Oil, the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of Works and Housing, the Ministry of Municipalities and the Ministry of Commerce and The Ministry of Agrarian Reform came to implement the Law of Agrarian Reform No. 30 of 1958, which resulted in the identification of agricultural property, seeking to raise the level of agricultural farmers, establishing agricultural associations and agricultural cooperatives. In order to address the housing crisis in cities, following the increase of migration from rural to urban, the Ministry of Works and Housing In the cities and the need for different services, the Ministry of Municipalities was established. In order to follow up the factories and factories that the agreements with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries undertook to establish in Iraq, the Ministry of Agriculture, In order to control the oil wealth and exploit its revenues to increase national income and provide social services such as health, education, housing and raising the standard of living for individuals, the Ministry of Oil, which entered into negotiations with foreign oil companies operating in Iraq, issued Law No. 80 of 1961, which freed 99.5% Iraqi control of foreign companies.The government followed the policy of economic planning to achieve balance in all sectors of the national economy. The Ministry of Planning, after the abolition of the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Economy, and for the purpose of regulating the import and export process and make it consistent with the philosophy of the state and was serious in converting the citizen to a product more than consumer and limited consumption on the necessary materials and Iraq's trade with thecountries of the world, introduced the Ministry of Commerce, which sought to protect the citizen from exploitation when the adoption of the Government Sales Authorityand welfare.Department of research to the introduction and four chapters and conclusion, the first chapter dealt with the Iraqi Republic and directly the ministries of the Royal Covenant, The second chapter deals with the rapid social developments and their impact on the development of new ministries. The third chapter deals with agreements of technical and economic cooperation with the former Soviet Union and the countries of the socialist camp and the development of ministries to follow up their implementation. The fourth chapter sought to examine Iraq's foreign policy and its effect in developing new economic policies. The results of the study and analysis of the work of the ministries in the period of research, The researcher relied on a variety of sources, including unpublished documents kept in the library and documents of files of the royal court and the files of the Council of Sovereignty and administrative reports and the files of some ministries, then the published documents, the government publications issued by the ministries and publications of the Ministry of Guidance and publications of the Ministry of Justice, Industry and the Secretariat of the Capital, And then come letters and university papers and memos and many books of Arabic and Arab and some foreign books as well as the use of several periodicals, especially magazines and newspapers issued during that period, which was filled by the thesis and the list of sources and has been used for the researcher analytical approach as a method of work and I put the finishing touches in my dissertation, I did not claim that it is free of lapses and delusions because the perfect God only and finally put this dissertation in the hands of my distinguished professors and members of the discussion committee. I hope that their corrections will have a great role to reach the dissertation

نشاة وتطور التعليم في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة (1971 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: بلسم سالم داود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

احمد عبد الهادي الحبوبي ونشاطه السياسي حتى عام 2003 == Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi and his political activity until 2003

Author name: ثناء عبد الحسين جابر
Supervisor name: عماد نعمة العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: History of contemporary Iraq witnessed historical events have led to the emergence of several political personalities have an impact on the change of the events which require study of these characters and see their outstanding role to their appearance in the Iraqi arena, its impact on the audiences that are the cornerstone of history, and that in itself is reason to know the characters that influenced the mass medium and the reason to make historical events over the years ago. Among the most prominent of those characters that left vast echo in Iraqi arena Ahmed Abdul Hadi Al Habbobi a political activist and former Minister in the Republican era II 1963 - 1968 and is one of the most veteran figures who synchronize Iraq events since royal era until US occupation of Iraq in 2003. After studying the character of Ahmed Al Habbobi and tracing his political activity , turned out several of the following; - The family of Ahmed Al Habbobi is from the known Najaf families as the Arab character involving many men of science and literature and the clergy and was notably his uncle Said Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, and all those - prominent characters that left clear impact on his personality and influenced by national and Arab character ,regarded as prominent character for this prominent family. - City of Najaf left an impact among her sons sprit through the love of science and culture and language eloquence and eloquence of speech and Instilling in the population the love of country and defended and left national impact , including Ahmed Al Habbobi. - He Joined to the party of independence in 1946, after being briefed on his national objectives, and his admiration with Sheikh Mohamed Mahdi Kubba personality ,Independence Party Chairman who had a deep connection with his uncle Mr. Mohamed Saeed Al Habbobi, aware that the party objectives meet his aspirations and ambitious to achieve the national goals and the full independence of Iraq. - He shared with his colleges students in January 1948 leap and student demonstrations in 1952 and subjected to prosecution by the police and managed to disappear and he returned to Najaf city after the situation calmed . In the same year he contributed to the formation of the National Youth Bureau in Najaf with Sheik Ahmed Al Jazaeri where he is careful to his city sons in the drift of the current communist regime and worked hard to earn the national mainstream youth. - From the leading roles, most notably that were one of the reasons for the emergence of Ahmed Al Habbobi in the political arena through his leadership of the Najaf uprising in 1956 that came out after thetripartite aggression against Egypt, was an uprising in favor and supportive of Egypt and opposed to aggression. - He was one of the a participant in the Najaf delegation that celebrated 14 July revolution ,1958 and delivered a speech expressing the joy of Iraqi people who hoped that a new era in the history of modern Iraq. - After the revolution subjected to harassment and assault by communists who trespass on his office and lit it on fire after he came out in a procession to commemorate the death of Prophet Mohamed (prayer of God be upon him and his family and peace), after that he decided to leave to Saudi Arabia to avoid the arrest. - He returned to Iraq after the coup of 8 February 1963, to participate in the activities of the Socialist Arab Party after he announced his affiliation, for his ethics and his qualities which marked , add to that he nominated to the political Bureau of the Socialist Arab Party and mandated to him the work and coordination between the provinces and all lines of the party. - In 1965 had a position as Minister of municipal and Rural Affairs in the second ministry of Tahir Yahya ,where he lasted (40) days after opposing the Arab Socialist Party members on his participation in the Government, and the failure of Abdul Salam Arif with his promise to form a real national Government, he preferred to resign to maintain his status and identity.

اثار الثورة الصناعية في اوضاع الطبقة العاملة بالمدن الصناعية البريطانية 1837 - 1901 == The effects of the Industrial Revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities (1837 - 1901)

Author name: هديل حسن قاسم الياسري
Supervisor name: حيدر صبري شاكر الخيقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis dealt with the study of the effects of the industrial revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities during the Victorian era (1837 - 1901), and was divided into an introduction, a prelude, four chapters and an end.The prelude to the emergence of industrial revolution in Britain during the second half of the eighteenth century, showing the theories of the pioneers of economic thought and its impact on the growth of consciousness of the working class before 1837.The first chapter examined the effects of the industrial revolution on the working class conditions until 1837, and included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the challenges faced by the working class in industrial cities prior to the Victorian era. The second section explained the exploitation of workers by employers, While the third topic is devoted to highlighting the role of trade unions in demanding the rights of workers.The second chapter deals with the role of the working class in establishing the documentary movement and the government's position on the struggle of workers and their suffering until 1848, and divided into three sections. The first topic explained the factors that led to the establishment of the working class by the working class. (1839 - 1848), and the third section of the British government's legislation to improve working class conditions (1842 - 1848).IIThe third chapter deals with the economic and social effects of the industrial revolution on the working class and the reactions thereof during the period (1848 - 1881). It included two topics : The first topic dealt with the study of the suffering of workers from the hardships of living and working conditions during the period (1848 - 1881) The laws of factories issued during the period (1850 - 1881) and their effect on improving working conditions.Chapter Four traces the economic and political developments on the ideology of the working class and its political orientations during the period (1881 - 1901). It included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the role of the working class in the formation of the Socialist Unions and Societies during the period 1881 - 1893. Who worked on the establishment of the Independent Labor Party (1893). The third topic explained the role of the working class in the establishment of the British Labor Party and its political activity during the period (1900 - 1901(.The conclusion highlighted the most important results achieved through the study, including the role of the working class in the development of industry in Britain during the Victorian era, the great suffering suffered by the working class due to exploitation by the owners of factories and capitalists, and the establishment of the working class to establish trade unions and socialist unions and political parties In order to demand their rights and success in forcing the legislative and executive authorities to respond to their demands.

محمد الجسر ودوره السياسي والاداري في لبنان حتى عام 1934 م

Author name: عبد الخالق محمد عبد
Supervisor name: قحطان حميد كاظم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

غوستاف ستريزمان واثره في السياسة الالمانية 1878 - 1929 == Gustav Stresemann and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)

Author name: لــؤي تـوفيق حسن
Supervisor name: منتهى عذاب ذويب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Studying historical figures and their impact on different fields is regarded as one of the important studies for understanding different historical events that lead to economic, social, political, and intellectual developments. On this basis, the topic of this study was "Gustav Streseman and His impact on the German Policy (1878 - 1929)" for shedding the light on this important figure in the modern and contemporary history of Germany. He saved no effort to get Germany out of its international isolation and building relations with European countries based on peace and respect ,especially with France regarding the interests of his country. This choice was also made by the encouragement of my respectful professor Dr. Muntaha Athaab and her support in studying European history.The study consisted of an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion that contained the most important findings of the study. The first chapter discussed the social and intellectual life of Streseman as well as his early political work. It talked about his birth and the family he descended from, his education in the different stages, his mentors. It also discussed his life in university and the emergence of his political tendency by entering the field of politics and joining the National Liberal Party, then, his election as a member in the Reichstag and the chairmanship of the economic committee until 1912.The second chapter discussed Streseman's role in the National Liberal Party and the Reichstag 1912 - 1918. It started by stating the role of Streseman in the party and heading the economic committee as well as winning second term in the Reichstag in 1914 and his second heading of the economic committee. It also discussed his attitude towards Germany's declaring of war against France in 1914. It also highlighted his role in the Reichstag in making amendments in the German constitution, and resolving the crisis of 1917.The third chapter investigated the role of Streseman in the Peoples Party, Reichstag and Chancellery between 1918 - 1923. It included his stand in the coup of Berlin in 1918 and his political stands in the Peoples Party 1919 - 1922. This chapter also illustrated his political role in heading the foreign affairs committee in the Reichstag until becoming the chancellor in 1923, as well as his chancellorship in August 1923 and his internal policy through the reformative decisions he made; his campaigns against the communists in different places in Germany; and his foreign policy with France in resolving the invasion of the Ruhr region.The fourth chapter focused on the role of Streseman in the foreign policy of his country in his foreign ministry 1923 - 1929 which is the year of his death as well as his role in the Peoples Party. The chapter highlighted his efforts in resolving the problem of compensations with France and the rejection of the Geneva Protocol project proposed by France to ensure its boarders with Germany. This chapter also discussed his political role and efforts in establishing Locarno Convention until his death in 1929. The study has reached the following conclusions : 1. The attention that Streseman had by his family, their adherence that he should continue his study made him a good reader and curious which led to excellency, admiration of his mentors, his high self - esteem, the passion to renew and change, and later, fame.2. The beginnings of his intellectual awareness were his observations of the disadvantages and advantages of religious men and their exploitation of people under the cover of religion. On this basis, he believed that the religious men should not interfere with politics. After he joined the university, the idea of entering the field of politics became to crystalize in his mind. After he became interested in politics and intellectuality, he began studying history very carefully, especially the history of Germany. After he studied the personality of Bismarck, he became interested in him and learned a lot from him. This was obvious in his policy (as will be shown in the study).3. Through his study of the history of Germany and the policy of Bismarck, Streseman realized the importance of economy for every country in the world. This is why he studied political economics in his masters and doctorate degrees as he believed in the necessity of developing and pushing the German economy forward to achieve development in all the aspects and resolve many social problems, especially the poor class. 4. Streseman also realized that developing economy needs political stability of his country and solving the problems with France like the problem of compensations and the invasion of the Rohr region. He started with important steps in this respect. The first step was to get Germany out of its isolation and building strong diplomatic relations with the other European countries, then starting to resolve the problems with France. Streseman preferred peace and resolving political disagreements by reasoning and dialogue between all the countries due to his sincerity in serving his country and reaching the level of developed European countries. This is what he achieved when he ran the foreign ministry.

الواقع الصحي والتعليمي في لواء ديالى للمدة 1958 - 1921

Author name: نور فاضل حمزة
Supervisor name: قحطان حميد كاظم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

سعيد باشا واثره الاداري والسياسي في مصر (1863 - 1822) == Saeed Basha : His Political and Administrative Influence in Egypt

Author name: مصطفى نوري وهيب
Supervisor name: وسام علي ثابت
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

عبدالهادي الظاهر واثره السياسي والاقتصادي في العراق حتى عام 1978 == The Political and Economic Impact of Abdulhadi Al - Dhaher in Iraq up to 1978

Author name: فؤاد هادي مهدي العلكاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الجليل مزعل بنيان الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Historical studies is too much concerned with studying the effective characters that played a major role in the events. This study entitled " Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir and his Political and Economical Effect in Iraq till 1978", is concerned with studying deeply the role ofthis famous character in the contemporary history of Iraq.This study is divided into an introduction, three chapters and conclusions. It's importance rises from this character that witnessed the events of the new Iraqi government in 1921 - 1978, the year of his death, in all its political and economical situations.Chapter two , entitled " His administrative and Political Role" , is about Abd Al - Hadi's administrative role in his job. Besides his political role in the events at his time. This study has benefited a lot from this character's CV in Iraqi Law Association, the Arabic and translated books and theses that dealt with the famous characters lived in his era. Chapter three is entitled " His Attitude towards the Political, Economical and Social Issues". The recorded meetings of the Iraqi parliament provided the researcher with immense information about this character's role in the political, economical and social issues. Besides, the researches and studies that dealt with the political events as part of the events at his time were helpful.The role of Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir in the politics and economics in Iraq was great, in spite of not being accounted as one of the first class politicians in Iraq, but still his works and accomplishments were obvious in the contemporary history of Iraq . This was shown by his role in the administrative field, his good reputation in society, his political role by being elected three times and being in three important political parties in Iraq and his economical role as a minister of economics in 1946.Abd Al - Hadi Al - Dhahir died in 28 of December 1978 leaving a tremendous heritage for the contemporary history of Iraq

عبد الحميد كاظم حميد واثره الثقافي والسياسي في العراق 1912 - 1958 م == Abdul Hameed Kadhim Hameed And His Cultural And Political Influence In Iraq 1912 - 1958

Author name: عدنان ياسين حسين الخزرجي
Supervisor name: صادق حسن السوداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: During the monarchic rule in Iraq , attention was focused , by the researchers, on Iraqi figures who played great role in the cultural and political situation . But , sufficient information were lacking concerning those figures . That was why they were not tackled as a subject for a thesis or a dissertation. For an instance ,Abdul Hameed Kadhim , the subject of this thesis, had his own role on education extension and improvement Ministry of Education or so - called Al Ma'arif witnessed at the time.However , the thesis falls into an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion . The first chapter deals with the early life of Abdul Hameed Kadhim from May 15 , 1912 to April 17, 1950. The second chapter tackles the period from April 17, 1950 - June 22, 1957.While the third chapter traces the afterward period of June 22,1957 to July 14, 1958.The conclusions are summed up as follows : 1.Abdul Hameed's great ambition , continuous work aiming at discarding ignorance and improving Iraqi cultural affairs with countries all over the world made him a magnificent figure ever recalled by future generations.2. Abdul Hameed has preserved a good relation with UNESCO . UNESCO showed confidence in Abdul Hameed's considerable culture and as a result his experiences were made use of ,by the organization, after the collapse of the monarchic rule.3.Abdul Hameed had his own cultural affairs altogether with some cultural treaties with foreign countries. Those affairs and treatises were of use to have an idea about foreign cultures on the one hand and cultural prosperity in Iraq on the other hand

محمد البشير الابراهيمي واثره الاصلاحي والسياسي في الجزائر 1889 - 1965 == Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and His Reforming and Political Impact in Algeria 1889 - 1965

Author name: سولاف عبد الرحمن ناجي
Supervisor name: هزبر حسن شالوخ
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: In tracing the personality of Mohammed Basheer Al - Ebrahimi and his reforming and political impact in Algeria (1889 - 1965), it is concluded that : His birth was during the circumstances accompanying the French colonization of Algeria which adopted killing and usurping Algerian lands as an effective weapon to restrict and lessen revolutions against it. Through his first years on, he has known the processes and policy of colonialism followed to Franchise Algeria and changing its identity. He felt that painful reality till he adapted himself to be as good as those challenges.Al - Ebrahimi has followed the same route adopted by other reformers which is in travelling and learning in the Arabian Orient for the sake of knowledge and getting rid of the French occupation. Thus, he went through the most important scientific centers like Egypt, al - Madinah al - Monawarah and Damascus. He, therefore, had lots of students who were fascinated by his spectacular personality and wide knowledge.The study delineated his status in carrying the message of humanity via his influence by Islamic modernists and thinkers as Jamal Eddin Al - Afghani and Mohammed Abda among others. His appearance was in concordance with the emergence of great scholars as his generation was the generation of paramount scholars for their clear approach was reformation, revival, rejecting colonialization and not standing in its side. This is proved in the incident when France wanted from certain parties to stand by its side in WWII, at that time, Al - Ebrahimi stood firmly against that notion, a fact that led to his imprisonment twice.His efforts with his companions were fruitful as exemplified in their establishing Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly in 1931 along with Bin Badis and he was appointed a deputy of the Assembly. In this role he was characterized by doing great missions in the Assembly seen in his travels among Algerian villages and cities in spite of French spies and Algerian traitors who were spying on his activities and those of his companions. Nevertheless, he was able to accomplish many educational and cultural enterprises set to develop Algerian youths' abilities to fetch a way for independence through his lessons and lectures in the disciplinary clubs.Al - Ebrahimi has walked in the reforming approach that characterized him and other reformers which is based on educating Algerians and revolting against the reality that was effected by colonialization and Methodism and things he was suffering from due to the French invasion and the Methodism that was moving hand in hand with colonialism. Thus, he emphasized the Algerian Islamic identity and Arabic language being the language of the Glorious Quran and Prophet's (peace be upon him) tradition so as to lead the society back to its Arabian origins and cleansing it of those policies and what has resulted from them on all levels and among all Algerian people.Moreover, he made use of Albasaer and other newspapers as a platform to spread the word of truth he sought to defend since he was in Algeria and continued to defend out of Algeria in Eastern Arab countries which became a cornerstone of defending the Algerian cause. He, and his companions in Algerian Muslim Scholars Assembly, became the basis of Algerian renaissance as well as the front that is aiming at exposing the colonialist policy and standing against occupation. Therefore, the occupation authorities stood against the activities of the Assembly andending its reforming role, yet the Assembly and its men continued their activities via sticking to the principles and methods it was built upon.Furthermore, his nationalist notions that were characterized by the call to reformation were not regional focusing only on Algeria, his vision was based on serving all Arabic and Islamic causes he defended using his pen and tongue whether in his stay on Algeria or in the Arabian Orient, clarifying thus the Arabic flavor of North Africa. Therefore, his thoughts were nationalistic and comprehensive in order to achieve the dreams of Arab countries consuming his pen and thought in an attempt to bring back the glories of the Arab Islamic Civilization.His efforts extended to establish various associations (Lovers of and Rhetoric and Freedom, the High Committee Defending and Respecting Freedom, the High Committee for Helping Palestine, and others). These associations aimed at freeing Algeria and the Arab countries from colonial dominance. Through them, the Algerian and Arab youths became active for the sake of the Algerian cause.What has characterized his political work is that he was patient, i.e., believing in the part to reach the whole. Thus his demands were bringing back the ingredients of the fighting Algerian personality, enforcing the national identity and dedication for the sake of independence.The fruit of his efforts were apparent in opening wide horizons in the Arab Orient for academic scholarships sponsored by the Scholars Assembly to Arab and Islamic countries to be supervised by him and to travel from country to another to safeguard admissions in these countries and returning back home to improve and develop the scientific environment. This is due to his belief that renaissance lies within those people and what knowledge and sciences they would get is to serve thescientific and cultural movement with quick steps for the need of the Algerians.His travels inside and outside of Algeria made of him a reforming figure who is known among Algerians through his lectures and lessons to Algerians in villages and cities. This experiment afforded him the responsibility to lead Algeria towards the freedom revolution. Abroad, he became famous by means of meeting various scholars, thinkers and many political figures, a fact that labelled him well - known to a great extent.He spent all his life in strife and put his varied talents to serve his country, religion and nation. To this objective, he sacrificed man's dearest things of money, family, welfare and positions and endured a life full of tiredness, sickness, wakefulness and alienation.He was a faithful ambassador for his country for he spread the Algerian cause all over the world locations he visited in order to support it thanks to his pen and tongue. He also roamed Arab Orient countries for the sake of achieving a support for the Algerian cause identifying thus the struggle of Algerians against France which wanted to erase its personality and isolate it from its Arabian and Islamic environment.He was among the pioneer fighters who labored hard to support the Algerian revolution and seeing its fruit. He welcomed the revolution in its second day of emergence while in Egypt calling for the unity of Algerians and investing this revolution for the objective of achieving a more sublime goal, which is, freeing all Algerian lands from French occupation, exerting to this aim all efforts to make Algeria free as other Arab countries that got rid of colonial occupation to see Algeria as a whole fully independent and to dismiss the occupation and its supporters out of Algerian lands.

جبل عامل في لبنان : دراسة تاريخية 1918 - 1943 == JABAL AMIL AREA In Lebanon Historical study 1918 - 1943

Author name: لقاء سامي سعيد الكناني
Supervisor name: ايلاف عاصم مصطفى
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: JABAL AMIL AREA" in Lebanon ( Historical study , 1918 - 1943" JabalAmil " has been considered one of the historical cities in the Arab world in respect to political , social and economic levels . Historically , this area is linked to the modern and contemporary history of Lebanon , especially the period lying between 1918 - 1943) as being described as an important historical area in the contemporary history of Lebanon; besides , this area has submitted sublime political and intellectual figures that depicted the historical reality for all the late ages . The year 1918 has been witnessed as the French 's occupation to Lebanon and the end of the second world war having a great effect upon changing the historical conditions in JabalAmil area . The period has been ended in 1943 that being witnessed the independence of Lebanon. The thesis is divided into an introduction, and four chapters an conclusion; the chapter one includes the general conditions of the over mentioned area until the year 1918 and it has been considered as a preface for the study. The chapter two includes the political conditions in JabalAmil area during the period lying between 1918 - 1926, while the chapter third includes the role of those specializing into the political conditions during the period between 1926 - 1936. The chapter four the political developments in this area between 1936 - 1943 , along with the attitude of the political figures therein. In conclusion, the thesis has reached to historical conclusion , most importantly that the JabalAmil area is represented as a civilized area in respect to the cultural and intellectual domain and not in the stage of the study only , but rather in all historical stages . It has concluded that the concerned person refused the French occupation that was relaying on dividing Arab world since they was believing into the Arabic Unity , especially Levant. In addition, the concerned persons resisted French occupation with all means including the military and political one for their believe into the unity of Home and its independence.Most importantly of what has been mentioned above , that the concerned persons have submitted a political example having connection with the national attitudes and with national figures that imposed its status in the historical reality in JabalAmil area , most prominent figure was " Abdul Hussein Sharaf Al - Din Al - Amili and others . Besides, that any researcher writes about the history of Lebanon , he should not neglect to write about the history of JabalAmil area intellectually and politically for being described as Lebanon 's vital area and its national domain that will be remained prominent across ages.

علال الفاسي ودوره السياسي والفكري في المغرب 1956 - 1974 == Allal Al - Fassi Political and in tellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974

Author name: وداد زايد شرهان الكعبي
Supervisor name: كريم طلال مسير الركابي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Accounted For The study of Political Figures in The history of contemporary Arab in Terest, and This Pattern of Historical research and Scruting because of Its importance in writing and documenting Various phases which played an active and influential role in charting The course of national events And nationalism in Their countries, Thus came The moratorium subject (intellectual cycle in Morocco 1956 - 1974). The study is of an introduction, Four cheptere and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with Allal al fassi҆s role till 1956. Chapler two discusses Allal al fassi҆s political role during The independence era till 1961. Chapter three sheds Light on Allal al fassi҆s role in term of the morocco an political af fairs, the constitutional conncil and 1962. Constition, in addition to the his opimons towords dall The morocco political and constitutional derelopment in The period of (1965 - 1971), chapler four talks obout Allal al fassi and the Moroccan҆s democratic constitutional experience during The years of (1972 - 1974). It bccomes well - known Allal al fassi҆s effective role he played in the Moroccan struggle for cultural and economic independence from The French colonial rule, and estubliohing Arabic as The of ficial language of education. He is also known fobeing a patriotic, poet, writer and of the most impontant politicians who fought against all the constitutions that do not serve the moroccan҆s intercsts. His role expended to in clude supporting Iraq and standing against the Arab federation of Iraq and Jordan despite being a member of Baghdad poct. He stood by The sides of The Iraq national forces against Baghdad pact He, also, supported The Palestinians issue against the Zionist entity and against establishing. The state of Israel, and continued his struggle with all the powerd wisdom and talent he got and was not hesitant to defend his conntry for the salse of Islam till his dea thin the year of 1974

التطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة العربية السعودية 1953 ـ 1975 == Economic and Social Developments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1953 - 1975

Author name: سوسن جبار عبد الرحمن شريف
Supervisor name: زهير علي احمد النحاس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: في دوامـة الفقر معتمدة على بعض الاستثمارات ، ناهيك عن التخلف الاقتصادي وتدني مسـتوى معيشة الفرد السعودي الذي انكفا على نفسه كفافا ، كما ان ندرة المياه وطبيعة الحياة الصحراوية القاسية فرضت على معظـم السعوديين حياة البداوة والتكتـلات القبلية ، وبعد تاسيس المملكة عام 1932 ، عانت الاخيرة من نقص الموارد المالية ، ففي عام 1934 ، لم تتعد ميزانية المملكة (احد عشر ) مليون ريال ، الا ان المملكة تحولت خلال عامي ( 1953 ـ 1975 ) من صحراء جـرداء تفتقر الى المـوارد الاقتصادية الى بـلاد غنية بالمـوارد الطبيعية بفضل اكتشاف النفط عام 1938 ، واستثماره بشكل تجاري ما بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية ( 1939ـ 1945 ) ، وكان حـدثا مهما مهد للتحـول الاقتصادي والاجتماعي الكبير الذي مزاالت تشهده المملكة العربية السعوديـة ، فقد كان لهـذه التحولات والتطورات اثـر كبير في نقل المجتمع السعودي من مجتمع صحراوي بدوي له طبيعة قبلية الى دولة حديثة بمؤسسات عصرية ، وتتمتع بمكانة مهمة في المنطقة العربية ، وضمن هذا الاطار تابعت الدراسة وقائع هذه التطورات والتحولات ومسارها التاريخي ، فركزت على جهود المملكة وانجازاتها لتحقيق هـذه التطورات ، وعلى كافـة الاصعدة والقطاعات ، ومعالجتها للعراقيل والمعوقات التي كانت تقف امام تحقيق هـذه التحولات ،ولا سيما ما يتعلق بالتحولات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتطور العمراني والحضري وبقية القطاعات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية . وبهدف الاحاطة بتلك الاحـداث والتطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ، تم وضع هيكلية للدراسة انتظمت بتمهيد واربعة فصول وخاتمة فقد تناول التمهيد التطورات الداخلية في بداية تاسيس المملكة العربية السعودية عام 1932 تناول الفصل الاول النفط واثره في دعم التحولات المالية للمملكة العربية السعودية 1953 ـ 1975 ، والمسار التاريخي لاستثمار النفـط السـعودي .وعني الفصل الثاني بالتحولات الاقتصادية الحاصـلة في المملكة ( 1953ـ 1975 ) فيما يختص بالقطاعات الاقتصادية . وخصص الفصل الثالث لاثر التحولات الاقتصادية على التكوينات الاجتماعية والحركة العمرانية في المملكة العربية السعودية .اما الفصل الرابع والاخير ، فقد خصص للتحولات الثقافية التي شهدتها المملكة العربية السعودية وما لها من دور بارز ومهم في تطور المجتمع وتقدمه | Saudi Arabia has witnessed developments and economic and social transformations during the period between the years (1953 - 1975). Concerning the economic aspect, there were no natural resources in the country by this date. This country lived in poverty and backwardness for many centuries depending on small investments. Moreover, , water scarcity and the nature of the harsh desert life had been imposed the tribal system on the lives of most Saudis. After the kingdom was founded in 1932, it suffered from a lack of recent financial resources. In the year 1934, the budget of the Kingdom did not exceed (eleven) million Riyal. But the kingdom has turned during (1953 - 1975), from a barren desert with strong shortage of economic resources to a rich country with natural resources, because of the discovery of oil in 1938 with more commercial investments during the post - World War II (1939 - 1945). It was an important event which paved the way for economic and social transformations that are still great in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.These events have their impacts on the Saudi society because this society has been changed from a Bedouin society into a modern state with modern institutions and it enjoys its place in the Arab region. Within this framework comes the significance of this study to follow the proceedings of the changes and transformations and historic developments. The study emphasizes the efforts of the kingdom and achievements in many sectors and to overcome the obstacles and constraints that were parked in front of the achievement of these changes, particularly with regard to transformations of economic and social and urban development. Accordingly, the present study is divided into four main chapters preceeded by an introduction and ended with a global conclusion. The introduction deals with the administrative organization of state since the founding of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932 and until 1953, with the arrival of King Saud Ibn Abdul Aziz into power. The first chapter throws light on oil and its impact on the financial support transitions to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1953 - 1975, and Saudi oil investment and the historical development of the Saudi financial system with the establishment of the Saudi Monetary Agency in 1952. The second chapter studies the economic sectors namely the agricultural one. With regard to economic sectors, including the agricultural sector, the chapter deals with the most important problems and obstacles faced by this sector, as indicated by the chapter, it moves into the modern industrial firm and the importance of the sector trade the latest economic developments. The third chapter is devoted to social developments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and what has come from changes in the social structure of the kingdom, the emergence of new categories in Saudi society, as well as the efforts of the Kingdom in the fields of social development. In this chapter, other points are also discussed namely transport routes, means of transport, various communication and its impact on urban developments in the kingdom, particularly after the reconstruction of the Holy Places amd mosques to secure the confort of pilgrimage.As for the fourth chapter, it treats the cultural transformation occurred in the Kingdom and especially in the field of education.As a matter of fact the sector of public health has also seen a tangible progress besides the mass media and the press. Finally, the present study ends with a conclusion which focuses on the most important findings that emerged from the thesis, and the implications of the economic and social developments in Saudi Arabia. It should be mentioned that one of the outstanding negative points is the reliance on one resource namely oil. The Kingdom has to rely on the revenues of other resources in order to revitalize the other economic and social sectors.

شركة نفط الموصل المحدودة 1928 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == Mosul Petroleum Company L.T.D 1928 - 1958 Historical Study

Author name: عيدان شبيب سليم الحمداني
Supervisor name: لمى عبد العزيز مصطفى
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: على الرغم من الصراعات المريرة التي دخلتها شركة نفط الموصل في سبيل الحصول على امتياز نفطي في اراضي الموصل والى المساومات التي قدمتها للحكومة العراقية ،الا انها لم تعط تلك الاراضي ما تستحق من اهمية بما تحويه من مخزون نفطي منذ منح الامتياز عام 1932 وحتى نهاية العهد الملكي عام 1958 ...لقد خرجت الدراسة بنتائج مهمة واساسية يمكن اجمالها في النقاط الاتية : - 1.ان اراضي نفط الموصل وقعت ضحية صراع طويل بين الدول الاستعمارية،وعلى الرغم من تنبه السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني باهمية هذه الاراضي وما تحويه من نفط باصداره عدة فرمانات للحفاظ عليها الا انها لم تقف حائلا امام اطماع تلك الدول،بعدما اطاحت به ثورة الاتحاديين عام 1908، فبدا فصل جديد من تلك الصراعات انتهى بتشكيل شركة النفط التركية وحصولها على امتياز نفطي في الاراضي الواقعة شرق نهر دجلة ضمن ولاية الموصل وبغداد عام 1925.2.على الرغم من كثرة المصادر والبحوث التي تناولت مايعرف بـ(مشكلة الموصل) (1923 - 1926) بين العراق وتركيا حول عائديتها،لكن ثمة حقيقة كانت تقف وراء هذه المشكلة وهي المساومات والتنازلات بين بريطانيواالولايات المتحدة في الخفاء على(نفط الموصل) في سبيل تقديم الدعم لهذا الطرف او ذاك مقابل منحها امتياز نفط الموصل،وهذا ماحدث عندما دعمت بريطانيا موقف العراق في ضم اراضي ولاية الموصل اليه مقابل منحها امتيازا نفطيا على تلك الاراضي،وحتى تركيا التي اقامت الدنيوالم تقعدها على ولاية الموصل وتقدم البراهين والادلة على ذلك،نجدها تتنازل عنها مقابل 10% من نفطها.3.لم تقف اطماع بريطانية عند شركة نفط العراق( )(I.P.Cشركة النفط التركية سابقا) فحسب بل تعدت الى الاراضي الواقعة غرب نهر دجلة (اراضي الموصل) وشكلت لاجل ذلك شركة بريطانية خالصة (شركة استثمار النفط البريطانية المحدودة ((B.O.D)) (عام 1928 لكن في الوقت نفسه ادخلت بعض من المساهمين الالمان والايطاليين والفرنسيين لكي تغطي على اهدافها الحقيقية، وما ان منحت الامتياز من الحكومة العراقية حتى استطاعت من ضم هذه الشركة الى شركة نفط العراق وغيرت اسمها الى شركة نفط الموصل المحدودة (M.P.C ) واصبحت شركة ثانوية تابعة لها.4.على الرغم من ان شروط شركة نفط الموصل افضل من شروط شركة نفط العراق بالنسبة للحكومة العراقية لاسيما حصتها البالغة 20% مع الايجار السنوي الا ان الحكومة اهملت هذه النقطة بالذات ولم تقف بوجه المماطلات الكثيرة من شركة نفط الموصل والتي تهربت من تنفيذ التزاماتهواقدمت عدة تاجيلات في عام( 1939 و1943) لان كل مزااد انتاج شركة الموصل المحدودة زادت معه حصة الحكومة البالغة(20%)،ولهذواجهت المصالح النفطية اهتمامها بشركة نفط العراق(نفط كركوك) لانها لاتدفع للحكومة سوى الايجار السنوي فقط .5.ان المشكلة الرئيسة في نفط الموصل هي نسبة الكبريت العالية المرافقة معه مما جعله ثقيل نسبيا وقلة جودته مقارنة بنفط كركوك والبصرة هذه المشكلة جعلت الشركة تتحجج فيهواتطالب بتاجيل الانتاج على الرغم من اكتشاف نفط حقل عين زالة منذ عام 1939 ونفط حقل بطمة عام 1952 الذي كان مشجعا الى حدا ما ،وبعد عقد اتفاقية مناصفة الارباح في العراق عام 1952 الزمت الحكومة العراقية شركة نفط الموصل بانتاج (مليون وربع المليون) طن من النفط سنويا، والا فان الحكومة سوف تقوم بالغاء الامتياز،عندهراضخت الشركة وانتجت هذه الكمية بعد عشرين عاما من المماطلة ولم تزد عليها اي شي منذ عام 1953وحتى عام 1958 وكان عملية الانتاج كانت مدروسة بعناية على عكس شركة نفط العراق التي قفز انتاجها بشكل مذهل وحققت ارقاما قياسية.وخلاصة القول ان شركة نفط الموصل ارادت ان تحتفظ باراضي الموصل لاطول مدة بوصفه احتياطيا خاصا للمصالح الاجنبية المساهمة فيها.6. حاولت شركة نفط الموصل تقديم افضل الخدمات للعمال العراقيين لاسيما بعد اضراب العمال عام 1948 لان احوالهم كانت مزرية جدا لكن بعد اتفاقية عام 1952 تحسنت خدمات الشركة من طعام ونقل واساليب الترفيه والخدمات المتنوعة وهذا مااكده جميع العمال في الشركة عن تلك الفتره بعدما قام الباحث بمقابلتهم.7.على الرغم من قلة واردات شركة نفط الموصل مقارنة بشركة نفط العراق والبصرة الا انها كانت تعد شركة واحدة وذات مردود واحد، ولهذا يلاحظ ان واردات الحكومة قد ازدات من النفط فتم تنمية هذه الموارد وتاسيس مجلس الاعمار الذي انعكس على عموم العراق والموصل بشكل خاص من بناء مصفى القيارة ومعامل للاسمنت والسكر والغزل والنسيج ...الخ،والتي لم يتم انهاء بعضها في العهد الملكي تم اكماله في العهد الجمهوري بعد قيام ثورة 14 تموز 1958. | Petroleum of Mosul province was axis of the international conflicts from the Al - Sultan second Abdulhammed (1876 - 1909) till get the privilege to The British Oil Development CO (B.O.D) in 1932 which has the common international interests, then this company fall under Iraq petroleum company control (I.P.C) (the Turkish previously), and move to secondary company dependant to it called Limited Mosul Petroleum Company (M.P.C), and this company couldn’t producing the petroleum but in 1952, and after that complete the petroleum pipe of Ain Zala - K2, but the producing ranges still low didn't access (1.250.000) tons annually along the period of 1953 - 1958.The thesis (the Limited Mosul Petroleum Company 1930 - 1958) consist of four chapters, the first one dealing with the historical roots of the company and the colonial states conflicts on it till agreement of the Red Line in 1928. and the second one dealing with the conditions and reasons which within complete getting the privilege of Mosul Petroleum to British Petroleum investment company without the competitive companies, and then showed this privilege on the Iraqi parliament which certified on it after long argumentation. The third one specify to dealing with the most important adjustments which entered to privilege Mosul Petroleum during the Second World War, especially contracts of 1939, 1943 which late investment of Mosul Petroleum.The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this thesis which dealing with the most important developments and the economical, political and social dimensions in the Mosul Petroleum Company which belong to the relationship between the labors and company and their numbers, and the service which presented to them, in addition to reflecting of the Mosul Petroleum Company's inputs with the other companies on establishing the building council and the huge economical and industrial change especially in Mosul city from built of Al - Qayara refinery and plants of Sugar, Cement ,and Spinning and Fabric which still to present days

الاجانب المقيمون في العراق ووضعهم القانوني ونشاطهم في العهد الملكي == Foreigners Residing in Iraq and their legal status and their Activities in the Monarchy

Author name: دلال منال نوري
Supervisor name: خضير حسن سلمان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Flocked to Iraq in different communities periods from severalCountries in order to residence where for one reason or another . and we have been active in those communities to work in various fields , and it became necessary to have recourse to the ruling authorities in Iraq to set up those organizing and directing their activities to serve the common good . So we chose the foreign residents subject and activity in Iraq in the monarchy first . its importance and the lack of precedent for academic studies , and secondly in order to highlight the laws and regulations that successive Iraqi government issued to achieve the rights and duties resident aliens and everything related to their field of different and activities . taking into consideration the principles of law international public and respect for the interests of Iraq . As well as the Iraqi government granted foreign residents of those rights in order to preserve the rights and interests of Iraqi nationals residing in foreign countries pursuant to the principleOf reciprocity . To handle foreign countries where Iraqis living the same treatment enjoyed by nationals .The foreigners residing in Iraq , as is the case in many countries, the rights they enjoy donated them to the Iraqi government under the laws issued by such legal personality right and the right to practice work and the right to own property and the right to establish schools and associations of foreign and freedom of worship and expression and other rights. But prevented them from the right to participate in political life and the right of military service was confined to that Iraqis only .cthe foreign influence evident in the economic side as preferred British and foreign companies foreign workers and employees on the Iraqis , raising unemployment among the Iraqi people and increased the number of foreign workers significantly , sparking resentment Iraqi workers and resentment and make them resort to labor strikes . vdila for the Iraqi government to issue countless Iraqis professions 1936 Act. In spite of the significant role played by the Council of reconstruction in the completion of many projects , but he made the implementation of those projects the monopoly of foreign companies .It is worth mentioning also that he had fled to Iraq . many foreign criminals to escape their sentences so the Iraqi government held treaties and agreements with several countries for extradition to protect the security of the state , Iraq has faced a lot of espionage crimes carried out by some foreign residents , particularly Iranians and Israelis so it was always going to the Iraqi government to issue denials and exclusion decisions against them security of the state and safety are the most important pillars of the state to maintain the strength and unity of foreigners in religious , economic , social and cultural aspects . The Iraqi government is seeking in return for reducing by issuing laws pertaining to foreigners during the monarchy in order to regulate the status of foreigners in all fields .

سوريو القضية الفلسطينية 1961 - 1970 == Syria and The Palestinian Issue 1961 - 1970

Author name: عبد الله زيدان خلف الرسلان
Supervisor name: محمد علي داهش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: The Palestinian issue is considered one of the issue which is still existed and the British occupation to Palestine and then the rise of the Zionist entity had left its effect upon Arab countries which contributed since the beginning through people and government during the 20th century supporting the issue of Palestine liberation. This issue had taken a great interest by both people and governments of Syria as being one of the main Arab issues and an indispensable part in the political, military and intellectual aspects.Syria had supported this issue by national, Arab and international aspects and contributed in embracing the Palestinian refugees treating them like Syrians.This study comes to illustrate the official and popular attitude of Syria towards the Palestinian issue 1961 1970. It contains the development of the issue after the world was I till the emergence of the Zionist entity and the development of political positions in Syria during the era of military coups 1949 1954, the Syria attitude from alliances and plots fulfilled against Syria concerning the tripartite Aggression against Egypt in 1956 till the rise of Egypt Syria unity and the rise of united Arab republic (1958 1961). Then the study talks about events taken place in Syria after the separation and the return of military coups till the domain of Arab Bath Party holding the reign in 1963. This party regarded the Palestinian issue a central one, and then there is the recognition of Palestine liberation organization (PLO) as a representative body for the Palestinian people and its military flank. Liberation army as well as the movement of Palestinian national liberation (Fath) and its military flank (Al - Asifa).Syria had considered the armed struggle the only way to achieve liberation of Palestine and the popular war was the means for that. The war of June 1967 and the Arab setback in general and for Syria in particular losing AI Julan Heights, these events did not change the Syria attitude towards the Palestinian issue. But this had limited the Palestinian Fedaeen's activitie and Syria rejected attending conferences for these conferences did not call frankly that the armed struggle is the best way to liberate the occupied lands. Also, Syria rejected the Resolution No. 242 issued by the security council and regarded it as a new plot to end the Palestinian issue.Also, Syria stood in the side of the Palestinian resistance and against the Jordanian authorities in September 1970 and provided help and arms and this created a political crisis between Jordan and Syria.Syria supported the Palestinians in the exceptional summit conference held in Cairo to end the fight in Jordan. As for the political powers, organizations, unions and popular messes, this attitude pressed on the successive governments in Syria to adopt the armed struggle and to enhance the Fedaeens through providing all material and military means and opening the boarders for the Fedaeens.This study concluded that the Syrian attitude' in embracing the Palestinian refugees, treating them like Syria in addition to providing all forms of support for the Palestinian organizations in all national Arab and international levels considered the Palestinian issue the first Arab issue and supported the Fedaeens in their fight

سنجار في العهد الملكي 1921 - 1958م : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: محمود شيخ سين حسو
Supervisor name: زهير علي احمد النحاس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: كان شن الحملات العسكرية العثمانية ضد الطائفة اليزيدية من ابرز سمات تاريخ منطقة سنجار نظرا لرفض اليزيدية للانظمة والقوانين التي كانت تسنها الدولة العثمانية ولاسيمرافضهم اداء الخدمة العسكرية الالزامية والذي كان احد المعضلات الرئيسة التي واجهتها ايضا الحكومات العراقية المتعاقبة في العهد الملكي (1921 - 1958) وكانت سببا في اندلاع اقوى الحركات المسلحة في منطقة سنجار الواهي حركة داود الداودي عام 1935، وهنالك اسباب اخرى لذلك الصراع تتعلق بقيام اليزيدية بعمليات مسلحة للانتقام من الدولة العثمانية كرد فعل على هجماتها عليهم اذ اخذوا يعملون على قطع الطرق ونهب القوافل التجارية وقتل المسلمين من ابناء العشائر هناك مموالد حقدا وكراهية بين الجانبين ولاسيما عند اليزيدية الذين شرعوا بالتعاون مع اي جهة لا ينتمي اليها المسلمون، ومن هنا جاءت محاولاتهم للوقوف الى جانب سلطات الاحتلال البريطاني ورفضهم الشديد قبول حكومة عربية دون انتداب او وصاية بريطانية. كانت تعد سنجار من المناطق الحدودية التي تعج بالتواجد العشائري المتعدد الالوان والاصول ، لذا فان النزاعات العشائرية، كانت واحدة من ابرز سماتها الاجتماعية، وعلى الرغم من ذلك فانها شهدت تحالفات عشائرية لاجل التعايش والتعاون ضمن الوطن الواحد ، ومما يلاحظ على منطقة سنجار، عدم مساهمتها، وبشكل فاعل، في الاحداث الوطنية الحاصلة في العراق، ومن الاسباب التي تقف وراء ذلك بعدها عن مركز القرار وعدم وجود النخب الاجتماعية المؤثرة فيها ، فضلا عن ضعف انتشار الافكار السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية فيها، لكونها منطقة نائية لا تتوفر فيها الخدمات المهمة مثل بقية المدن العراقية، مما قلل في ذلك الجانب من فعاليتها .فعلى الرغم مما اعتراها من مشاكل ومعوقات ونزاعات فقد تميزت سنجار بكونها النموذج المصغر للتعايش السلمي في العراق فهي تحمل كل الوان الطيف الوطني ومن مختلف الاعراق والطوائف والمذاهب وتمثل بحق البوتقة التي انصهرت فيها الانتماءات والاتجاهات المختلفة والتي اجتمع سكانها جميعا على اصالة الوطن العراقي وحب الانتماء اليه.حاولت الحكومة العراقية والسلطات المحلية ايلاء اهتمامها بمنطقة سنجار في اواخر الاربعينيات من القرن الماضي وعملت على انجاز عدد من المشاريع الخدمية والصحية والتعليمية فيهوادابت على كسب ود وولاء الاهالي هناك عبر اللقاءات العديدة المتبادلة بين الطرفين، لكن من جانب اخر لم تول الحكومات العراقية المتعاقبة، ولم تعط لسنجار الاهمية من حيث انجاز المشاريع الاستثمارية سواء في القطاع الزراعي او الصناعي، على الرغم وجود الامكانيات المشجعة في سنجار، اذ لم تشملها مشاريع مجلس الاعمار لاجل تطوير وتعمير المنطقة

العلاقات الليبية التركية 1969ــ 1989 : دراسة سياسية ـ اقتصادية

Author name: نبيل عكيد محمود المظفري
Supervisor name: محمد علي داهش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Turkey forms one of the most important states in the region for it gets a geostrategic weight and it neighbors the Arab Home land and at the same time it has relations with the western states . This has prepared for Turkey suitable conditions to achieve an important role in the region . Arab - Turkish relations has passed through various stages and Libya is one of those states which has relations with Turkey . Relations between them has witnessed a turning point in 1975 and included various aspects discussed in this study . The study consists of five chapters . The first presents a summery for historical ties between Libya and Turkey . The first section deals with the Ottoman conquest of Tripoli in 1551 , aspects of general relations between both sides during Karmanli era (1711 - 1835) , the participation of people in this Williat inside Ottoman Mabuthan council , the relations of Ottman state with Sanusi . The second section speaks about relations of both sides after the Italian occupation of this Williat and the resistance by the Libyan people compined with large number of Turkish officers and soldiers . The third section tackles Turkish - Libyan relations during independence starting from the Turkish attitude towards the Libyan issue inside the United Nations till it got its independence in December 1951 and the subsidiaries presented by Turkey to Libya , after the independence as well as economic relations between two countries till 1969 . The second chapter is dedicated for political relations . The first section deals with the Revolution of September Its, 1969 and the Turkish attitude from it . Turkey has passed through a critical position for when the revolution had taken place , King Idris Al - Snusi was making a tourist round in Turkey and the latter should have taken a definite position towards the revolution and the King . The second section speaks about political relations of both countries and the principles of foreign policy of Libya and his factors which affect this policy including Arab - Turkish relations in general , and the visits made by officials of both countries . The third chapter sheds light upon foreign affairs which affect Libyan - Turkish relations and at the beginning of these affairs was the Palestine issue , it often play a large role in the politics of Arab states towards the others especially those which are joined with good relations with Israel . The issue of Cyprus was a key of good relations between both countries especially after the military intervention of Turkey in Cyprus in 1974 and the Libyan support for it as well as the issue of Turkish minority in Bulgaria which have occupied a huge space in the attention of Turkish politicians . In addition , there were other issue which entangle the relations of both sides and the most significant ones was the continuos assaults of U.S.A upon Libya and the negative attitude of Turkey from this . Economy was the main aspect in bilateral relations of both countries . Thus , the researcher has specialized the last two chapters to search in to economic relations . The forth chapter tackled economic relations in fields of oil and trade . The researcher handled in the first section oil exploration in Libya and the beginning of production and export to the states . Turkey was one of states which made good efforts in getting the Libyan oil . Oil relations has developed since 1975 after the political release in their relations . While the second section talked about commercial relations between both sides and the factors which affected its development including the speech about kinds of commercial goods and trade balance . The last chapter , the researcher stood on other economic aspects in their relations and at the beginning was the joint investments in the fields of industry and agriculture . So , many joint companies and enterprises between both countries have been set up like fertilizers , and machinaries factories and setting up workshops and factories for maintenance as well as joint companies like the joint company for agriculture and husbandry . Then , the researcher talked about the Turkish companies working in side Libya particularly inside contracts sectors and those companies played animportant role in the field of construction and building roads and other things .the third section ,the researcher spoke about investments and financial aids presented by Libya to turkey like providing easy loans , joint banks, and tourism and how it supports the Turkish economy, the last section sheds light upon Turkish workers who work in Libya and their own role in establishing different projects and handling some problems in which the Turkish economy was suffering from and at the first was unemployment and deficit in Turkish budget various resources have been used in preparing this study and in front of them were published and unpublished documents ,official publications for both Libyan and Turkish governments ,united nations publications as well as books in various languages and scientific researches published in periodicals and newspapers

حزب توده ودوره السياسي في ايران 1963 - 1979 == Tuda Party and the action on the political Iran 1963 - 1979

Author name: بتول كاظم عــزال الشمري
Supervisor name: احمد كاظم محسن بندر البياتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In spite of the important the effort of TUDA party and the others political parties in IRAN , and the High Interests that the academic studies in IRAQ that interested for the modern History of IRAN But the period for our study is far a long from the another studies for masters, that was our project title. To fill Historical space n Historical Library , Farther more our study s follow the situation of TUDA party at this periode, this study is extend for another studies od masters and PHD's that add t another studies to making encyclopedia for our night boor country and the Historical , Religion , political , Relation that contact us to Iranian people. This study include production and 4 chapters and End. The first chapter study the Tuda party and it's action on the poetical of Iran in the age (1920 - 1963) that study the born of this party from it's start 1920 to the falling of Ridha Shah 1941, and Internal development's that happened in political life n Iran in age (1941 - 1946) this chapter discuss the end of 2nd war to 1963.Chapter 2 discuss Tuda party and political interview against the internal political Life at the periode (1963 - 1971), that show the opinion of this party for the white Revolution that made from the Shah Mohammed Ridha Bahlawi at 1963, and the immunity that gave to the American employers n IRAN at 1964 and Shah altitude against their party 1964 - 1965) and the special sides of the attempt of assassination of Shah at 1965 and the altitude of this party against Ameer Abbas Huwa'da Government during 1965 - 1971 father more the study the organization that generated from TUDA 1966 - 1971.Chapter 3 explained (the Tuda party and political action )(1971 - 1977) that mad spotlight on the student's . socialism movements during this years and the relation with Kurdistan party and the performance of Nahda party and the Dhaffar activities in OMAN during 1975 - 1977. And the economical situations in IRAN at 196 - 1977.The chapter 4 the activity of political situations in IRAN and the interviews o TUDA party against of this situations we take the Interst of TUDA to falling the Shah system 1978 - 1979. And it's Relation with the Religious Institude and it's interview from the Istomic Governments after the Shah falling. The very important target for our studies to make complete foundation of TUDA party an it's continuity and it's gain to acceptance of citizen that it's Should stop at assign periode o time or that support from out Iran such n past (soviet support ) Tuda party was depend from its peoples that support this party and realize the Request's of peoples , that Realization missed from he Tuda that cause fail to trust of the people of IRAN

الحياة الفكـرية في مدينة الكاظمـية (1921 - 1958) == The Ideological side for the Kadumya city 1921 - 1958

Author name: رضا كريم محمد عبد الحسين العامري
Supervisor name: سهيل صبحي سلمان الخزرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the ideological side for the Kadumya city has the special importance. Cause it mean the clearance of the fact for this city through the targets and the functions according to the visual of the ideological study for the Ahlul Bait (peace of them).The important of this study is detect the secrets of this city that known us the important Iraqian city depend on the Historical side. That is act on the accidents the 20th century. Cause it became the leader of a lot of muslems and act as castle for the Eslam in according of it's feature and Reference in Religion Kadumya has the glories position cause it has the Shranes of Musa al - Kadum and Muhammad Al - Jawad, this feature give ideological rise(revolution) and making complicated mixture from Religions currents, and marksian, homelands, democrats Transitions acting with the changing in the world of Kadumya a adopt the Religion current and the idea of the Saving the History and civilization and developing with Islamic ZONE.Furthermore the gathering with the new age of change this genate new ideological mode in this city on all the life sides.There are a lot of reasons push me to select this object the important reason is the Ideological side for this city during the Royal age (Kingdome of Iraq) this periods has no attempts Tuesday or analyses from the searchers and Specialists. This Ideological Side stay without any attempt of deeping study to analysis the Ideological, Philosophical of this city, and the contacts with the real life of Iraq.The another target of this study and clear the acting of this city to guide the direction of minting cause it become the school of Ideology that generate anew culture (uniqe) hase from science and important tool and weapon that adopted by the Ideological men for develop a new Idology for the people of Iraq. The recent study is divided for five partition and Abstract, The part one is the Kadumya city develop and the second part Explain the Intellectual ten in Kadumya city since nineteen twenty part is discussion in famous pinorsin Kadumya city and Intellectual produced since (1921 - 58. The fourth part is include the reformation Intellectual Share in (1921 - 1958).

التعليم في الموصل 1932 ـ 1963 : دراسة تاريخية == Education In Mosul 1932 - 1963 A Historical Study

Author name: بيداء سالم صالح عزيز البكر
Supervisor name: ابراهيم خليل احمد العلاف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Studying Education in Mosul during the Period 1932 - 1963 is considered one of the most important studies which takes part in showing the cultural identity for the city. Mosul is being recognized by so many official, private and forign schools. These schools have great effect in developing the process of education . Al - Ma'riff Councils in Mosul province had their own role in watching and supervising education curricula in all study stages and even in building and reconstructing Schools. Non - Class activities had its role in developing the process of education throughout pupils' participations in issuing bulletins school news paper. In Mosul, there were educational establishments like Al - Majmu'a Al - Thaqafya. It had its role in providing Musli society with technical, agri cultural and industrial Cadres . When July, 14, Revolution had taken place there was an enlargement in the field of education but with scare efficiency. Huge numbers in quantity were too heavy and at the expense of quality improvement. This increase in education size had led to an increase in school and pupils numbers. Changes had taken place in the curricula and attempts had been taken to make primary education compulsory. But such attempts went in vain becouse they were not subjected to educational philosophy. Conferences were held and attempts were made to join primary education with the local adminstration. In Mosul, the local adminstration tried to establish and reconstruct somany schools . After July Revolution 1958, attention for school nutrition and taking care with the pupils had increased and parents and teachers councils were being formed. There was a sort of cooperation between and school . Ministry of Edacation had its own active home role in directing the pupils brining up aiming at establishing councils and strengthening relation ship between pupils' parents and teachers at school. The years 1959 - 1963 had witnessed the emergence of so many colleges in Mosul like college of Medicine, college of Engineering and college of science . One of the revolutions 'achierements was the emergence of professional organizations for both teachers and pupils . Teachers association, general union for pupils had been founded. Those two associations had branches for them in Mosul and got an important role upon professional and political levels. Some negative effects had appeared in thier activities and this in turn had been reflected on education in Mosul creating political and intellectual struggles which shared in retreating men of learning and education to fulfill their own holy duties. But this did not prevent continuation of education process due to efforts made in this respect and the fruit was the expansion of those who want to get learned and their specializations and participations had been varied in building up a contemporary society in Iraq.

احوال الموصل الاقتصادية 1834 - 1918م : دراسة تاريخية == Economic Conditions of Mosul 1834 - 1918 A Historical Study

Author name: غسان وليد مصطفى الجوادي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم خليل احمد العلاف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Studying the economic history of Iraqi cities during the Ottoman Era (1516 - 1918) has no longer got the attention of scholars except recently in spite of its importance in knowing the circumstances of the individual and society as well as its impact upon both social and political aspects. Due to the importance of economic aspect and the scarcity of information concerning the period of the study, this dissertation has come to highlight the economic aspects of Mosul City under the title Economic Conditions of Mosul 1834 - 1918 A Historical Study.The dissertation contains four chapters. The first has come to talk about the importance of city location from economic aspect and its effect in commercial movement taken place in Mosul since Ottoman control and the most important events of Mosul. The chapter has not neglected the remark of aspects of administration, construction and how they have been affected by starvation, drought and wars. The chapter also tackles the transformations happened in the city. The second chapter deals with the commercial and professional activities, the most important trade routes, means of communications, the role played by the state in activating trade as well as Mosul itself having a great ability in promoting trade by markets, inns and big shops.The chapter also mentions the internal and external commerce and professional aspects of Mosul and the reasons behind the backwardness of the city in this field. The third chapter deals with the topic of agriculture starting from the study of feudal system and role of the state in issuing laws and the role played by Medhat Pasha, walley of Baghdad (1869 - 1872) in applying these laws in Iraqi provinces especially Tabu Law and the results of applying such laws mentioning the position farmers and agricultural activity in Mosul. The fourth chapter highlights the financial aspect by mentioning city resources especially taxes and methods used in gaining these taxes as well as the role of the state in financial reform and currency used by the banks. The dissertation concludes that Mosul having such an important geographical location has helped in achieving economic activities but on the contrary, the city has not exploited this feature due to the absence of security in its places and the trade caravans being exposed to attacks of tribes on the main commercial routes. This is one of the main reasons why the city has not been a trade center by traders from other provinces like Aleppo. Also, families have remained controlling the economic aspect during the period of the study. In industrial field, initiatives by capitalists to invest their own money and building up a developed industry have no any existence by we see that professions have stayed undeveloped. In agricultural field, in spite of issuing laws during the second half of the nineteenth century, agriculture and farmers conditions has not changed for the better. As for the financial field, role of the state has just stayed in collecting taxes and increasing its amounts with the scarcity of expenses on services aspects. Banks which have been established in Mousl, its services are dedicated only for few traders and this in its turn has limited the commercial activities of such banks

روح الله الخميني ونشاطه السياسي حتى عام1979 == Rawh Allah ALkhaminii Wanashatuh ALsiyasiu Hataa Aam 1979

Author name: هشام رزاق علي هليبي الجبوري
Supervisor name: احمد كاظم محسن بندر البياتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, peace and blessings be upon the noble prophets and messengers Muhammad bin Abdullah al - Sadiq, the faithful and the envoy, mercy to the worlds and to his family and companions.Mr. Chairman of the Committee of the respected discussion .... Dear members of the discussion committee ... Honorable attendance ... Peace, mercy and blessings of God…Thanks to God and His grace, the researcher completed his study (Ruhollah Khomeini and his political activity until 1979). The research shows the impact of the social environment on the emergence of Mr. Khomeini, who grew up in a religious - oriented intellectual environment that believes in the separation of religion and politics and the establishment of a modern state according to Islamic law.Shows through research the impact of the social environment and clear on the genesis of Mr. Khomeini, as it grew up in a religious environment, an intellectual approach, not to believe in the separation of religion and politics, and the establishment of a modern state according to Islamic law.The most important ordains contribution during his studies in support of the possession of Qom in the time of the estate leader Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri and reference Mr. Boroujerdi and his excesses of the Pahlavi family on a religious seminary as part of its possession, and his position in Iran of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the policy represented by a number of laws, which accounted for its projects reform, the most important figure of religious was addressed to the orientations of the Shah, especially on the hijab and positive laws concerning society, including freedom of women, and the project of agrarian reform (white Revolution) in 1963, the immunity of advisers and American military personnel in Iran, which faced Khomeini b Dah, which led to his deportation in 1964 to Turkey, Iraq and France as a reference point with the thought of carrying an integrated Islamic project viable project in Iran is facing Western Shah. And stand fans and seamlessly behind the reference of Mr. Khomeini's Islamic and mobilized against the Shah's secular trends, and that the time he spent in Iraq of the most important periods of the Islamic Revolution, where the fertile ground for the expansion of its popular base.Mr. Khomeini left Iraq with great intellectual and political influence for a long time by teaching him to study abroad in jurisprudence. He studied a large number of students from different countries. Perhaps the most important lessons that Mr. Khomeini taught were in the Islamic government, Which proves that politics is at the heart of the cleric and emphasized the overlap of religion and politics. Therefore, we find a "clear" effect of Mr. Khomeini's ideas on all Islamic political movements in all Islamic countries.That Khomeini was a clergyman, but he was a brilliant political clergyman, who managed to win over the Iranian street, as well as the failure of the Shah more than once in an attempt to convince the Iranian people that he was making reforms for the advancement of Iran. He is a communist in religious clothing. Mr. Khomeini left political traces in Iran based on alienating the foreign presence from Iran, establishing an Islamic regime based on the mandate of the Faqih and electing a national Shura Council. Ayatollah Khomeini is the founder of the Islamic Republic's regime. Which has been achieved by the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, which changed the face of the region.The first chapter, entitled "Its Origination, Study and Attitude from the Political Revolution in Iran (1902 - 1962)," was divided into four chapters. The first topic was entitled "The Relativity and Family History". The second topic The third topic is his "religious studies in Arak and Qom." The fourth topic is his position on political and political developments in Iran (1921 - 1962).The second chapter dealt with the role of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini in canceling the amendment of the Local Council Elections Law in 1962. The second topic is the position of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini Of the White Revolution, and included the third topic : the political activity of the spirit of God Khomeini after the White Revolution and the impact of his arrest on June 4, 1963, and touched the fourth topic : the political activity of the spirit of God Khomeini and his position on US immunity and his second detention on the fourth of November 1964.The third chapter, entitled "Political Views and Attitudes of Mr. Khomeini in Exile," came in six sections, including the first section, "The Denial of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini to Turkey." The second topic, "Mr. Khomeini was denied to Iraq and continued to follow the political situation in Iran" , And the third topic, "The position of Mr. Khomeini on the Palestinian issue 1967 - 1973", and included the fourth section, "Mr. Khomeini and the assumption of the Baath Party in Iraq," and devoted the fifth section, "visions of Mr. Khomeini in the project of the Islamic government (Wilayat al Faqih) "The position of Mr. Khomeini from the celebrations of the Shah (1971 - 1973). "The fourth chapter, "Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini, examined the situation and the role of exile in overthrowing the Shah's regime (1975 - 1979)." The first section included the position of Mr. Khomeini on the establishment of the Rastakhiz Party and the change of the Iranian calendar in 1975, Which was recorded by Mr. Khomeini from his exile in Iraq and its impact on the political situation in Iraq (1977 - 1978), and dealt with the fourth topic, "Mr. Khomeini in France and his leadership of the Islamic Revolution and his return to Iran in February 1979."In addition to the published documents, Arabic books, Arabic books, Persian books, university papers, research and articles, in addition to the Internet.And ask the Almighty to help us to what He loves and to prove our feet and improve our punishment and does not take us to our mistakes because man is not infallible and subject to errors and sublime who does not sin and perfection to God Almighty.In conclusion, I would like to reiterate my thanks and gratitude to the Chairman of the Discussion Committee, the members of the honorable discussion committee and the honorable audience for hearing this summary of my research, and I am now with all your ears to hear your opinions and sincere guidance ... Thank you.

الحياة الاجتماعية للعائلة المالكة في العراق1921 - 1958 == The Social Life For The Royal Family In Iraq 1921 - 1958

Author name: وديان حيدر نشمي الدلفي
Supervisor name: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the social life the royal Family in Iraq including the simple details their every day life situation is on of the scientific and academic studies that every one has to Know The thesis is talking about the Royal Familys life since 1921, the year in which king faisal Ihas become the ruler of Iraq the study ends in 1958 the year in which 14th july Revolution has taken place by which the Royal system is changed to the Republican one. The study (thesis) consists of the Introduction and Four chapters then the conclusion. The First chapter is called King Faisal I From 1921_1933 the second chepter is titled the social For King chazi 1933_1939 with the social life oF the Guardian Abdul Ilah and king Faisal II 1939_1953 chapter Four is crowning king Faisal II 1953_1958. The study is built on various documents and sources From Arabic as well as translated to Arabic Furthermore, mony periodicals and thesis that have enriched the is with different valuable in formation which have a great role to provide the detailed information for the mentioned social and political events events. It is clear From the Royal social life has agreat simplicity and too much humility for all the royal members starting with King Faisal and ending with King Faisal II, mang situations Form social life events present their simplicity and humility of the Royal Family members we ther with the other Kings or with various layers of the Iraqi society. It is clear that regard less of the social economical, political and cultural circumstances of Iraq at that time before the time of King Faisal I, the King was able to bear great burdens to promote the Iraqi reality the same as during the ruling era of King Ghazi and prince Abdul Ilah as well King Faisal II when his ruling era has ended after the 14 july Revolution 1958.

فاروق بن فؤاد الاول ودوره في الحياة السياسية في مصر حتى عام 1952 == Farouk bin Fouad I and his role in the political life in Egypt until 1952

Author name: نور اياد عبد الله
Supervisor name: نضر علي امين الشريف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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