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القوانين والتشريعات المنظمة للعمل الحزبي في العراق (1922 - 1968) == Laws and legislation governing party work in Iraq (1922 - 1968

Author name: مرتضى حسن ناصر السرياوي
Supervisor name: علي خيري مطرود
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The political parties of the fundamentals of democracy and parliamentary systems in the modern political world, and the most important collective means by which democracy can be achieved Ademocratic system is not established without its existence, and the parties, including the communities of political status were studied on more than one level, but the most studies have focused on the nature of the political activity and positions of government work positively and negatively, and omitted the study of laws and legislation that organized the function throughout the duration of the (1922 - 1968), and the mechanism of formation or resolved and the nature of the laws that govern its relationship with the government, the means or the constitutional and legislative interpretations that were adopted the government, in many cases to settle scores with those parties. the division of the study, based as required by the nature of the research and development of the historical and legislative events and chronology in to the introduction, four chapters and a conclusion, if the first chapter titled, "features of the party life in Iraq (1908 - 1921)",The second chapter, "the laws governing the work of the party in Iraq from 1922 until 1945 and ." the third Chapter III" legislation and laws after the re - partisan life in Iraq from 1946 to 1958", The fourth chapter, entitled" laws and legislation governing the work of the party in Iraq from the beginning of the republican era until 1968". The study proved that the Iraqi legislature since the beginning of the founding of the Iraqi state to the end of the monarchy has not been paid great attention to the organization of political parties. most of the laws that organized these parties are not serious in their organization because they contain some of the shortcomings and deficiencies, which made the establishment of political parties and an end be always a decision taken by the ruld authorities The revolution of 14July 1958 made many political, economic and social changes, also it received wide support from the political forces and parties that had been demanded constantly reforming the political situation in the monarchy, but quickly Therevolution had found itself in front of the absence of the legislative institution. it can restore the reasons for this that political republican era most of the brass who were not believers democratic style approach in the practice of the government, in spite of the revolutionary government in the legislation of the Associations Law No. 1 of 1960, which counted the best of all laws passed in the covenants earlier, but despite the issuance of this law and its advantages political parties, remained hostage, the ruling and influential state authorities throughout the republican era, however, once the Prime Minister and President of the Republic again

الاقطاع في لواء العمارة 1921 - 1958 == The District of Architecture Feudalism in 1921 - 1958

Author name: اكرام فارس غانم العكيلي
Supervisor name: فاهم نعمة ادريس الياسري
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The orbiter studies Academy ,particularly those on history of modern lraq .Find that most of them focused on the political and the military side, while not received the economic and social side .Attention to himself ,although the picture of historical events cannot be explained except through knowledge of economic and social aspect search section to an introduction and three and aconclusion ,we discussed in the first chapter ,which dealt with feudalism in lraq ingeneral to contribute to the ottoman aulthorities in the emergence of the feudal regime in lraq through the issuance of the Land Act ,which laid down the rules of . feudalism in lraq - As for the second quarter that carried the fendal title in the District of archite cturewe have considered the beginning of the emergence of feudalism in the Districe of Architecture and due beginnings it to the time of the ottoman Empire through the use of style land commitment and the chapter also feudalism in the District of archilecture in the mandate Albertani also been touched to feudalism in the District of Architecture at the Royal prince . - The third chapter Bemb gesan as eating the first part ,the impact of Feudalism in the economic have had afeudal significant impact on the economic side either second topic was explained after Feudalism on the social aspects in the District of architecture and the most important migration from the country side to the city and the impact of feudalism to education and health aspects.

ايران في عهد حكومة منوجهر اقبال 1957 - 1960م == Iran During The regin of Minojahar Aqbaal 1957 - 1960

Author name: عبد الخالق كريم صكر الغريباوي
Supervisor name: خضير مظلوم فرحان البديري
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: After the collapse of Musadaq's reign 1n 1953 Al - Sheahk Mohammed RidhaBahlawi tries to force of tutorial reign in Iran, there fare, directs to support the prime minister position for a weak person who up pies his orders and by him the Bahlawi policy be conveyed in Iran. Henceforth MinojaharAqbaal is the best one to this position, because the latter is known for his lawaylality and oppedianceto Sheah. Indeed, the doctor Aqbaal occupied the prime minister position in 1957 and this is welcomed by Al - Sheah and regardless the national council of Iran and his relation with them has been bad along hisrole and this is also because the endless support of Al - Sheah him. Concerning the external relations of Iran during Aqbaal's reign it has been witnessed a good relations with same countries like; USA and Israel but bad once with other like; Suvat Union, Iraq and Egypt, farther more Iran contracts some defensive conventions with America in 1959 and this has been one of the reason behind the bad relation with Suvat Union. In 1960 Al - Sheah tries to misdirect the world that there is a democracy and freedom policy so he decides to set a parliament elections for the twentieth turn in 1990 ugest and he pretends it is honest and free elections but the Iranian government cheat the election by faking the election boxes for those who loyal Al - Seah. Because of the faking and cheating the people react and make propagandas and clashes with the police in many cities. Therefore, Al - Sheah is forced to cancel the results of the elections and dismissed Aqbaal and is resigned in 1960 ugestMinojahar received the role of the government presidency when Iran has been suffering an economic problem lasts for his reign because of the corrupted system in the state. Despite Minojahar's tries to remedy the problem but it has been useless because it has been just like an ink or sheets of paper and that because of the corruption found.A Minojahar's reign witnessed the largest wrongful party in Iran namely (Al - Satauk) this agency party cause Iranian people sufferings for two reasons. The first is the repressive warless which use spying people blat supported by U.S.A and Israel also Aqbaal's reign witnessed the establishing of two parties related to Al - Sheah's reign namely, (the national and the people) rolled by Minojahar and Asad Allah respectively to convince Iranian people that there is democracy and freedom

الشيخ محمد جواد الجزائري نشاطه السياسي ومنهجه الفكري1881 ـ 1959م == Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algeria Political activism and intellectual approach 1881 - 1959

Author name: دعاء صادق عبد خزعل
Supervisor name: عكاب يوسف عليوي الركابي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Emerged as the city of Najaf by the religious position, served as a school for generations out various aspects of political, economic and literary life was the right factory for men who have contributed to drawing the general features of the history of modern Iraq. Najaf has been a leading role in the renaissance of Iraq and the efforts to motivate their possession enduring flow springs in national policy and the fight against injustice, and men carry the burden of the struggle and the accompanying prison and deportation or murder and the execution of all of this as an offering to the homeland. Perhaps Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian one of the stars that shone in the sky of Najaf to bear the horrors of chilling during the turbulent period of the conditions of Iraq, and continued until covered the activities of the country in his positions jihadist and the defense of the Arab peoples subjected to injustice and oppression, especially in Palestine and Egypt, as well as his country who dedicated himself to serve and hired its activity in order to be free and in dependent country able to provide happiness for their children. Choose this personal Sheikh Algerian important and distin ctive personalities in Iraq's political history, he is of the characters that have active impact in Iraq, it does not allow us to disclose what preceded us examine the literary side of Sheikh Algerian as she studied his master at the University of Kufa ,the researcher Ali Smeisim(Mohammed Jawad Algerian Literature pages), but the message on issues and along with Arabic and did not give his right emerged as apolitical and intellectual role in the history of Iraq. The study was divided front and pave and three chapters and a conclusion, has included the first chapter ((Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian his life and his time and his scientific)) and section separation into three sections has included the first section (between Algerian family households Anajafipsite) The second section guarantees the (birth Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian and upbringing Scientific and his first influences in his life). As the third section has included (early political activity for Mohammed Jawad Algerian in the last Ottoman period) and from here began the reform and political activity of the Algerian before the British occupation has therefore divided researcher section to the first two parts : the Algerian position of conditional and oppressive that occurred in 1905, and the second : Algerian position of Union and Progress Association in 1908. The second chapter dealt with (the position of Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian political events in the local and Arab) This chapter is divided into three sections included the first section (the position of Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian political events in Iraq, 1914 - 1918) and touched first section to : Algerian position of the British occupation of Iraq, 1914 - 1917, and to the Algerian position on the entry of the British and rejected them. He showed : his role in the founding of the Islamic Renaissance Society in 1917, and their role in anti - colonialism as it used all means, whether peacefully or warplanes against the occupiers. As explained : his role in the Najaf Revolution of 1918.vkan of Algerian prominent and significant role in the anti - colonialism has Algerian presented in this Revolution death sentence and then convert the sentence to life imprisonment and exile. As Fourthly included : Sheikh Khazaal relationship with Algerian family . The second section has included (Sheikh Algerian and stage of national activity 1920 - 1923) and the Department of this section into four sections, guarantees the first section : the role of Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian revolution in 1920.oma Second, the position of King Faisal. As nomination Third position of Iraqi unity., The Fourth : The position of the Constituent Assembly. The third section was about (the position of Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian local and Arab political events) eating Sheikh Algerian position of tribal movements in 1935 and Omoagaf Sheikh Algerian uprising of May 1941 and his position on the Palestinian issue and the position of the tripartite aggression against Egypt. The third chapter included (intellectual and reformist approach of Sheikh Mohammed Jawad Algerian) and ensure that this chapter two sections the first is the (intellectual approach to the Algerian through his writings and arguments) addressed in this section Algerian books, including solution hieroglyphs and criticism of the Egyptian proposals, the philosophy of Imam Sadiq (AS) and the Office Algerian. The second section : (curriculum reform of Sheikh Algerian) was divided into four sections included Algerian opinion in the economic situation, in his opinion social reform, including the issue of religion and women women, as well as the reform of the Algerian cultural .omoagafh from a health standpoint. The study relied on a lot of resources and political documents is published in the Library and Archives of the Ministry of Interior and the files of the royal court, as well as published documents relating to Sheikh Algerian including his fatwa in May Revolution, as well as his marriage and legitimate Qassam was for Books in Arabic and Arabized impact in the enrichment of the classroom them (Hassan al - Asadi, ox Najaf, the English or the first spark of the Revolution of the twentieth), which was rich in events, as well as the history of the Caspian in the translations of the forgotten and well - known of the flags of Iraq and others 1900 - 200 of the author Jawdat Caspian, has many of the documents published and which was rich in his input Sheikh Algerian contained Experienced researcher some difficulties both in unpublished documents the difficulty of obtaining the translator who accepts documents that relate to the character of our translator for the feet of these documents and the difficulty of translating them, as well as the difficulty of access for people with Algeria because of the death of his son does not know the rest where they are but after much effort reached Dr. Mohammed JawadJassim Algerian and who helped me in some information and provide me with some documents. In conclusion, I hope that this letter gain satisfaction with my teachers distinguished scientific Bhvoadtha but Suffice it has made strenuous efforts of my teachers think Distinguished best able to evaluate their observations and supplying them to bring it to the satisfaction of the scientific research method and the God of the intent behind. In conclusion, I hope that this message impair satisfaction of my professors Distinguished teachers Bhvoadtha but Suffice it has made strenuous efforts of my teachers think Distinguished best able to evaluate their observations and supplying them to bring it to the satisfaction of the scientific research method and the God of the intent behind it is to reconcile God researcher.

احمد محمد الخطيب واثره في المعارضة النيابية في الكويت حتى عام 1996 == Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb, and His effect on the cultural representation in Kuwait untill 1996

Author name: كاظم عبد الزهرة ابو عيون الميالي
Supervisor name: حسنين عبد الكاظم عجة الشمري
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the Arabic political figures has got an importance by the Iraqi researchers , while the study of political figures from the Arab Gulf , especially the Kuwaiti figures is rare or not found at all . In case it was found , it studies figures from the Ruling Family , while there are many political figures out of the Ruling Family , and no one had shed light on them and no one discover their political role in building their countries . In this sense , I have chosen to study the figure of Doctor Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb and his National and International Political Role in Kuwait till 1996 . This study is divided into an introduction , four chapters and a conclusion . The first chapter studies the beginning of Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb . The first chapter is subdivided into three sections , the first section is about the social and economic environment where Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb was born , the second section is about his birth and his scientific brought up , the third section is about the development of the national and international thinking of Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb from 1952 to 1959 . The second chapter is entitled the attitude of Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb from the political development in Kuwait till 1963 and it is subdivided into three sections , the first section is about the attitude of Al - Khateeb toward Iraq attempts to annex Kuwait to it till 1962 , the second section is about Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb inside the Kuwaiti Foundation Council in 1962 while the third section is about the Kuwaiti Constitution and his attitude of it . The third chapter is entitled the legislative work of Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb 1963 - 1996 , and it is divided into three sections . The first section is about the first stage of the legislative work of Al - Khateeb 1963 - 1975 and this section is subdivided into two parts : First , the first legislative term 25th of January 1963 to the 7th of December 1965 . Second , the third legislative term 1971 - 1974 . While the second section is about the Ahmed Al - Khateeb and the lagging legislative work 1975 - 1986 and it is subdivided into two parts : The fourth legislative term 1975 - July 1976 , the second part : The sixth legislative 1985 - July 1986 . The third section is about Ahmed Al - Khateeb and the last stage of the legislative work 1992 - 1996 . The fourth chapter is entitled Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb and the informal national work 1976 - 1992 and it is subdivided into three sections . The first section is about Al - Khateeb’s attitude of the internal development in Kuwait 1976 - 1985 , the second section is about Al - Khateeb’s attitude of the internal development in Kuwait from July 1986 - 2 August 1990 while the third section is about Kuwait invading 2 August 1990 and Al - Khateeb’s attitude of it . Dr. Ahmed Muhamad Al - Khateeb is considered one of most important figures in the recent history of Kuwait because he has a political and scientific qualifications and because of his courageous attitudes . He is known by his courage and because he belongs to an environment which suffered within a society ; therefore , he asked for freedom and democracy when the ruling family was in harmony with the foreign forces, such as the United kingdom and the United States of America. The leading of Dr. Ahmed Muhammad Al - Khateeb of a resistance party by its international thinking in Kuwait since his return in 1952 . This thing paid the Kuwaiti people attention in general and especially the tradesmen and the high ranked families to the big difference between them and the ruling family in comparison with the old state which depends on cooperation and fatherhood spirit which the tribal system had in ruling , and because of that all the categories of the Kuwaiti society to correct the ruling family system . The study proved that Al - Khateeb is the first physician , not only in Kuwait , but also in the Arab Gulf and this scientific degree which he gained didn’t make him selfish , but he tried to spread it to the Kuwaiti people in a time they were in need of medical staffs and they depended on Arabic and foreign staffs . Even in his own clinic . He was kind and his humanistic side of his personality affect this and because of that the Kuwaiti people came to his own clinic not for the sake of treatment but to get knowledge

تطور التعليم في الكوت 1921 - 1958 == The development of education in Kut 1921 - 1958

Author name: علاء الدين عبد الحسين عويد القريشي
Supervisor name: سعيد شخير سوادي الهاشمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: He touched many academic researchers non - academic aspects and issues of various contemporary history of Iraq, and despite the importance and diversity of the search there are still many issues shrouded in some mystery worthy of study and analysis, according to the rules of approach to historical research proper, and among those studies issues of educational institutions, which has not received the attention of researchers much Notwithstanding done by those institutions of contributions and clear in Iraq, the general march and at various levels, some studies interest has focused on the development of education in Iraq without interest without paying attention to areas of Iraq, the different Despite the great importance as part integral to the history of Iraq and social dating credited with the graduation of successive generations of educated young people over the years, and perhaps the reason for this is due to the difficulty of research in this field, and the lack of documentation of the activities of those institutions and their evolution, and distribution of sources of research on different places is difficult for the researcher collected or sometimes access to it, as well as the need to conduct personal interviews with those who had their clear contributions in its development of teachers, students and administrators of those who still alive do not remember much of the information, all of these motives and reasons that prompted the researcher to select the subject of his message entitled to (the development of education in Kut, from 1921 - 1958) m especially since this subject has not been given the attention of researchers and their interest in light of their preoccupation with political issues and personalities that stage study of the history of Iraq. The study was divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a reboot. The conclusion in which the researcher shows the most important results in the message. Dealt with the situation of education in the boot brigade Walcott until 1921, as the first quarter included a study of the situation of education in Kut, with the presentation of the existing types of education over the past 1921 - 1932m, while the second chapter the history of education in Kut period between 1932 - 1945m. The third chapter studies the development of education in Kut after World War II 1945 - 1958m. The key findings of the researcher at the conclusion of the message is the education in the District of Kut was unchanged Education case. The other gouernerates of Iraq has faced the same conditions and constraints depending on the political, social and economic conditions

تجارة الرقيق في عمان وشرق افريقيا 1806 - 1906م == The SLAVE TRADe IN THE OMAN AND EAST AFRICA (1806_1906)

Author name: خضير ياسين خضير
Supervisor name: رحيم كاظم محمد الهاشمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The theme study, entitled (the slave trade in Oman, East Africa, 1806 - 1906) Material study expanded and it is required is to give a clear picture and detailed information on the course of the huge trade is responsible for a lot of changes within the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa whether economic or political, and I preferred to have a look investigative trade Slatha is a human being to be completed with the search logical vision for each reader and researcher of the trade is no stranger to some but strangely is the contents and contained by means of non - humanitarian and wounded people of her life and her youth and emptied the entire age group continent itself.The slave trade as a phenomenon known since ancient times that cannot be easily stopped or mitigation only draining its sources. Through arbitration minds and increase moral awareness of the value of creation and man's inhumanity and honor what God created him (God) from the Creator. What is worrying is the selectivity in broach the subject and the lack of boldness and evasion of stirring the slave trade on the Islamic Arab societies.Socially slave occupied the lower rank in society and their lives were generally very miserable and worked in the worst professions and trades and were forced to work hard beatings and had a lot of owners are dealing with the slave as an animal, not human beings. So had to put the issue put forward scientifically proportional force and interaction within the community and the changes that have brought out that some slaves were officially Despite his release remains the master, because it did not recognize the other and is afraid of the unknown that awaits him. And this phenomenon manifested itself clearly in Amman at the time of the rule and reign of Sultan Said "economic doctrine" relies upon imports in Oman. Muscat became the ports and the main financier of the Arabian Gulf the trade center and the Arabian Peninsula, and it became clear the effect of this trade on the Omani society of economic, social and political terms. And that those taxes a leading supplier to the rulers of Oman, and sultan s in prosperity and intensity when war does not overlook them the fact that the Omani slave armies composed of mercenaries.Comes the great importance of the link economic and social activity and even political in Oman and the Arabian Peninsula in that trade, it was not without house or a city or a small or large in his people only had the precedence serve him, until it became a social issue not then stop people because they are of social axioms known. as the slave trade and prosperity means a financial recovery in the State of Oman and rising imports and exports, is what gives a great impression of the importance of this trade and its role in the history of Oman and conciliatory coast and the Arabian Peninsula.The focus of this trade rulers of Oman and the British authorities in Mumbai Her Majesty's Government and the slave traders of various classes and the economies of major countries such as the Portuguese, France, the Netherlands and British policy direction and agreements concluded within the contexts of the alliance between the sultans of Oman and Britain.Thus, traders Omani exploits, led by Sultan Said slave from commodity exports to workforce produced within the farm and indoor and entered the cultivation of carnations as a mediator economic between the spices market and the price of the slave The more need in the Arabian Peninsula to thin and because of the British ban and the lack of supply after Sultan Said to cover his request in Zanzibar of young men and young people unable to work, and that the Sultan would have preferred that the slave remains in Zanzibar on being British marine fisheries in the sea and on this basis the slave prices rose and flourished within the Zanzibar clove trade

التعليم المهني في العراق 1958 - 1968 == Vocational education in Iraq 1958 - 1968

Author name: علي عبد حمادي الكشاوي
Supervisor name: علي خيري مطرود
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: This study dealt with vocational education in Iraq for the period (1958 - 1968) , known the Republincan era. The significance of this study came through tackling an important social aspect of the modern history of Iraq which was the vocational education. This study came to know the extent of development witnessed in vocational education at various leves , whether it's in the types of vocational education or legislation that have been identified or to track the evolution number of schools, students and teachers. The study included an introduction , three chapters , a conclusion , a number of appendices , and a list of references. The first chapter which was a preliminary one dealt with the development of vocational education since its founding in 1869 until the Republican ear in 1958 and included four sections dealt with different aspects of the development process witnessed by the professional education and the factors that influenced the growth . The second chapter focused on vocational education for the period 1958 - 1963. This stage represented the first Republican era where a lot of changes had taken place and the issuance of several different legislations in Iraq . The third chapter touched on vocational education. It represented the second Republican era for the period 1963 - 1968 and had seen political changes which incfluenced on the joints of public life in Iraq including the educational aspect especially vocational education . This chapter came into five soctions. It investigated the impact of these changes on the economic and social life. Also, it dealt with the industrial, commercial, agricultural, and the feminist vocational education with the main obstacles it faced. The study arrived at some findings .The most important of which is that vocational education in Iraq started with the beginning of the formal education , but it did not receive enough attention. So , it remained undeveloped compared with the academic education

منظمة حلف جنوب شرق اسيا (ســـــياتو) 1954 - 1977 == Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)1954 - 1977

Author name: احمد حاشوش عليوي عبيد الحجامي
Supervisor name: فاهم نعمة ادريس الياسري
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Despite the role played by the South East Treaty Organization (SEATO) in the defence of Western interests in that region during the Cold War, there has to date been no scholarly attempt to examine the development and performance of the organization as a military alliance. This thesis is thus the first attempt to do so and as such seeks to take advantage of the recent release of much SEATO - related official material into the public domain by Western governments. This material throws new light upon SEATO’s aims and achievements, particularly in regard to the first ten years of its existence. Because SEATO was eventually rendered irrelevant by the events of the Second Indochina War (1965 - 1975) a popular perception has arisen that it was always a “Paper Tiger” lacking in substance, and thus easily dismissed. This thesis challenges this assumption by examining SEATO’s development in the decade before that conflict. The thesis analyses SEATO’s place in the wider Cold War and finds that it was part of a rational and consistent response within the broader Western strategy of containment to deter, and if need be, defeat, the threat of communist aggression. That threat was a very real one for Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the First Indochina War and one that was initially perceived in terms of the conventional military balance of power. This focus dominated SEATO’s strategic concepts and early contingency planning and rightly so, as an examination of the strength and development of the PLA and PAVN during this period demonstrates. SEATO developed a dedicated military apparatus, principally the Military Planning Office (MPO), that proved itself to be perfectly capable of providing the level of co - ordination and planning needed to produce a credible SEATO deterrent in this regard. SEATO enjoyed less success with its attempts to respond to the emergence of a significant communist insurgent threat, first in Laos then in South Vietnam, but the alliance did nonetheless recognise this threat and the failure of SEATO in this regard was one of political will rather than military doctrine. Indeed this thesis confirms that it was the increasingly disparate political agendas of a number of SEATO’s members that ultimately paralysed its ability to act and thus ensured its failure to meet its aims, at least insofar as the so - called “Protocol States” were concerned. But this failure should not be allowed to completely overshadow SEATO’s earlier achievements in providing a modicum of Western - backed stability and security to the region from 1955 - 1965.The vision of SEATO expansion disappeared during the Kennedy administration, but the organization did fulfill its primary military purpose in August 1964. Following attacks on US Naval vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin.President Lyndon B. Johnson addressed Congress on 5 August to ask permission for American military action in Vietnam. He justified the request with an invocation of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty and claimed that the treaty and its protocol on the former Associated States "obligated" an American response. Congress responded with the Tonkin Gulf Resolution on 7 August, and the United States soon became embroiled in its longest war since the American Revolution.The Vietnam War subsequently destroyed SEATO. Britain and France refused to give any substantial military assistance, and Pakistan withdrew from the organization entirely .After the war, the need for SEATO disappeared, and the remaining members disbanded in 1977.

النظام الاداري في العراق 1939 - 1958 == The Administrative system in Iraq, 1939 - 1958))

Author name: علاء علي جبارة خليفة المالكي
Supervisor name: عباس فرحان ظاهر شبر الموسوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The administrative system in Iraq 1939 - 1958 of the vital topics worthy of study, he is one of the important aspects and that at least its importance for the political and economic side deemed to be a complement to these aspects, and derive the importance of the administrative system in Iraq Royal to clarify the Iraqi ministries of internal organization and management. For the most important details minute in the joints of the Iraqi state at the time, and on the administrative system of political, economic, social and service level, and the fact that historians, researchers and writers in Iraq contend in their study on the political, economic and social aspects and avoid the management side, and this is why the researcher engaged in this aspect, as well as that term confined between 1920 - 1939 has addressed the issue of the administrative system in Iraq, as well as the duration confined between 1958 - 1963, while also studied for search not dealt with in the hands of researchers and writers, and this is another reason to stimulate the researcher that deals with this topic. The study of the administrative system in Iraq 1939 - 1958 stems from the importance of that era in the modern history of Iraq, which began the year 1939 by the Second World War, and the death of King Ghazi and the inauguration of his young son Faisal II king of Iraq Trust Abdul Ilah to start a new administrative phase of modern and contemporary history of Iraq, The importance of Thread administrative changes that got the General Administration of the Iraqi kingdom after 1939, through the conversion of some general directorates to new ministries after it was affiliated to other ministries, including the allocation of ministerial portfolio for Social Affairs in 1939, and introduced the Ministry of Supply in 1944, which did not short - lived as it was canceled in 1948, in addition to splitting the Ministry of Economy and Transport to two suitcases and Zareeten to become two ministries separate itself through financial allocations and public administration, structural administrative, as well as the introduction of a ministerial portfolio of Health to contribute to the organization of the health department, and the allocation of the Ministry of Agriculture again in 1952 after that was canceled in 1930, as well as the introduction of the reconstruction council and planning in Iraq in 1952 and then allocated the Ministry for the ages in 1953, and the purpose of the Creation to raise the administrative level and improved to do the advancement burdens of the country's administrative and provide the benefit of services to the community in general, divided Find an introduction and pave four chapters and a conclusion as well as supplements, and a list of sources . Through the study of the administrative system in Iraq 1939 - 1958 show that the administration in the Iraqi Kingdom the Department of regular sophisticated and bound the laws and regulations and legislation lacks its neighboring Ondak Arab countries and was its administrative system a system in which updated through the issuance of legislation Multi Ministry of one and the regulations, and did not remain bound administration a certain system, and despite tripping and deadlock and delay it, but it was renewed and legislation in force even in times of war, and the goal one is to raise the level of administration in the management of state institutions, whether political, economic or social or service to reach what we have reached the developed countries, and in spite of All political problems and administrative obstacles to the Iraqi crisis Kingdom, but it has made significant progress and administrative levels and in all service sectors

عادل عسيرته ودوره السياسي في لبنان 1905 - 1989 == Adel Osseiran Biography and Political Role in Lebanon (1905 - 1989

Author name: خنساء خيري جبر الحسيناوي
Supervisor name: عماد جاسم حسن الموسوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Adel Osseiran is an independent Lebanese political figure who worked hard for the independence of Lebanon and has a prominent political , economic and social role in the Lebanese arena. The first chapter dealt with the biography of Adel Osseiran and the most prominent figures who emerged from his family and their role in Lebanon.Where Adel Osiran began his political activity in 1936 and among the events that took place in Lebanon , where he participated in the conference of Sidon , the Sahel Conference and the Bint Jbeil uprising.The second chapter included his role in the Lebanese events in 1943. He worked hard for the independence of Lebanon with the people of independence. The newspapers and books spoke of his position. He also spoke about his position on the Palestinian issue (1946 - 1948). He played an effective and influential role. He pointed to the emphasis on Arabism and the right of the Palestinian people to stability. And that Palestine should be part of the Arab unity. What was studied in this chapter is the crisis of 1952 , the conference of Deir al - Qamar , the permanent alumni conference , and the Baghdad alliance, which rejected it and all the Western alliances , and it has been reported about its position in nationalizing the channel of licorice and triple aggression against Egypt. As well as his position on the Eisenhower project and his rejection of him, and highlight his role in the outbreak of the popular uprising in Lebanon.The title of the third chapter : the activity of Adel Osiran parliamentary and ministerial (1960 - 1970) , including his role in the elections in 1960 , as well as his role in the receipt of ministries , including the Ministry of Justice , Interior , Economy and Welfare , and then the Ministry of Public Works.The fourth chapter, entitled Adel Osseiran's Political Activity (1978 - 1989), included Adel Osseiran's position on the Israeli invaders of Lebanon and his role in the Geneva and Lausanne national dialogue confe

سامي سعيد الاحمد دراسة تاريخية في سيرته وجهوده العلمية == Sami Said Al - Ahmad A historical study in his biography and scientific efforts

Author name: مازن سلمان خضير المراح
Supervisor name: حسن احمد ابراهيم المعموري
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر دراسة التاريخ المعاصر للعراق احدى الدراسات المهمة التي اجتذبت العديد من الكتاب والباحثين الاكاديميين في دراسة جوانبها المختلفة ، حيث ان كل واحد منهم حريص على رعاية جانب معين من هذا التاريخ. البعض منهم مهتمون بالجانب الاجتماعي ، والبعض الاخر يركز على الجانب السياسي وبعضهم درس الجانب الاقتصادي. ويكمن سبب هذا الاختلاف في اهمية هذه الجوانب وعدم القدرة على اهمال اي منها ، وعلى هذا اختلفت كتاباتهم وابحاثهم كميا ونوعا باختلاف اهتماماتهم ، وبقدر ارتباط الامر بالجانب التعليمي ، كانت هناك جهود اكاديمية وتعليمية ظهرت مؤخرا وابدت اهتماما بهذا الجانب لاعطاء الشخصيات العلمية ما تستحقه ، تقديرا للجهود الكبيرة التي بذلت خلال هذه السنوات من اجل تعزيز هذه الدراسة في المستقبل. لذلك ظهرت العديد من الدراسات التمييزية التي شملت الشخصيات الاكاديمية والثقافية والتعليمية. ولهذا السبب كان من الضروري ابراز هذه الدراسة السيرة الذاتية الحياة للدكتور سامي سعيد الاحمد ، الذي يشعر بالفخر لاي شخص ينتمي الى فئة التاريخ في العراق لانتاجه العديد من الكتابات القيمة التي تحتوي على متغير المعلومات التاريخية ، وترك مخرجات علمية هائلة ، وكتب في العديد من المجالات العلمية خاصة في التاريخ والجغرافيا والقانون والادب والاستقرار اللغوي والعديد من الموضوعات الاخرى التي تمثل مرجعا اساسيا لفترات مهمة في التاريخ القديم ، وبالتالي فهو يعتبر احد الفضائل الفكرية والثقافية في التاريخ القديم للعراق ، حيث ان دراسته تلعب دورا في اكتشاف الكثير من الجوانب التي احاطت به بدءا من المرحلة الاولى من تاريخ حياته وتكوينه الفكري . على هذا الاساس ، شملت هذه الدراسة ، مقدمة ، ثلاثة فصول وخاتمة بالاضافة الى الملاحق في نهايتها. في المقدمة ، اخذ الباحث نظرة عامة موجزة عن بلدة المهدية ، والعائلات القديمة التي كانت تعيش هناك ، والمساجد القديمة والحديثة ، والمزارات الاكثر روعة بالاضافة الى المعالم الرئيسية في تلك المدينة. في الفصل الاول ، تحدث الكاتب عن "النهج الاجتماعي والعلمي للدكتور سامي سعيد الاحمد". في الصفحات الاولى من المبحث الاول قام بمراجعة الجذور العائلية للدكتور سامي سعيد الاحمد ، وهو ابن عائلة قديمة تنتمي لعشيرة المسلماوي ، من قبيلة بني مسلم العربية. عاشت هذه العائلة في مدينة الحلة واستقرت في بلدة المهدية ، ممثلة بوالديه واشقائه ، في عام 1930 واصوله. يتبع المبحث الثاني مراحل دراسته الابتدائية والثانوية والاعدادية في مدارس الحلة. بعد ذلك ، كان مؤهلا للدراسة في بغداد في "دار المعلمين العليا" في "كلية التربية" من حيث تخرج في عام 1952 ، ثم تعليمه في مدرسة السدير الثانوية في النجف. ركز المبحث الثالث على منحة دراسية ودراسة في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ، حيث حصل على شهادة الماجستير في عام 1957 ، كما حصل على شهادة الدكتوراه من جامعة ميشيغان في عام 1962. ثم سلط الضوء على عودته الى العراق ، وركز الفصل ايضا في شكل تفصيلي على نشاطه التدريسي في الاماكن المختلفة التي كان يعمل فيها ، وقد لوحظ من خلال تدريسه في الدراسات الابتدائية والجامعية انه بذل الكثير من الجهد العلمي قدر استطاعته ، في تعليمه في فئة التاريخ القديم في جامعة بغداد ، كلية الاداب. اما الفصل الثاني المعنون "منهج سامي سعيد الاحمد في الكتابة التاريخية " فقد تم تقسيمه الى 3 موضوعات ، تناول الموضوع الاول مجموعة مختارة من الموضوعات والمصادر التي تبناها ومنهجه في دراسة التاريخ ، واستخدم اكثر من المناهج الدراسية في الكتابة. تناول الموضوع الثاني معنى التاريخ في اللغة والمؤتمر ، ثم تعريف التاريخ وتعريفه من قبل المؤرخين العرب والاوروبيين ، ثم راجعنا تعريف سامي سعيد الاحمد. بالاضافة الى ذلك ، قام الكاتب بتوضيح المؤتمرات والندوات التي شارك فيها الدكتور سامي سعيد الاحمد بالاضافة الى ارائه الفكرية ومواقفه السياسية. في الموضوع الثالث ، قدم الكاتب وجهة نظر تمهيدية حول ابرز كتاباته التاريخية. تناول الباحث في الفصل الثالث(منهج سامي سعيد الاحمد في كتابة التاريخ (دراسة تحليلية)) منتقيا سبعة نماذج من مؤلفاته من اشهرها وابرزها في معالجاتها لموضوعات مختلفة دلت محتوياتها بوضوح على طريقته ومنهجه في بحث قضاياه التاريخية , فقد تناول المبحث الاول القسم الاول من مؤلفاته , فاستعرض الباحث اربعة كتب كنموذج لمعرفة منهجه في الكتابة , اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول ايضا نموذج من كتبه المترجمه لبيان منهجه في الكتابة المترجمة , واشار المبحث الثالث الى بحوثه والمقالات المنشورة في المجلات العلمية المحكمة فقد نال الباحث جزءا يسير منها , فكانت تلك البحوث في اللغتين العربية والانكليزية . في خاتمة الرسالة تطرق الباحث الى اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها من تقويم الحقائق والوقائع التي تضمنتها فصول الرسالة الثلاث. اعتمدت الدراسة على مصادر متعددة يمكن ملاحظة عددها وتنوعها من خلال الهوامش وقائمة المصادر، وياتي في مقدمتها الوثائق غير المنشورة للشخصية المدروسة الموجودة في الملفة الشخصية للدكتور سامي سعيد الاحمد المحفوظة في شعبة الموارد البشرية التابعة لكلية الاداب , جامعة بغداد ، بما تحتويه من تقارير عن نشاطه واوامر ادارية نالها خلال خدمته الطويلة ، وكتب تثبت مشاركته في المؤتمرات والندوات , وقد غطت هذه الوثائق معظم الرسالة بما تضمنته من معلومات مهمة وقيمة استفاد منها وبالدرجة الاولى في الفصل الاول في هذه الدراسة , ولاسيما فيما يتعلق بالتقارير الشهرية والسنوية عن نشاطه العلمي في التعليم الثانوي والجامعي والاوامر الجامعية اكان بالنقل ام غيرها. | The study of contemporary history of Iraq is considered one of the important studies that have attracted many academic writers and researchers in studying its various aspects, as each of them keen to look after a certain aspect of this history. Some of them are interested in the social aspect, others focused on the political aspect and some of them studied the economic aspect. The reason of this difference is the importance of these aspects and the inability to neglect any of them, and upon this their writings and researches have varied quantitatively and qualitatively by differing their interests, and as much as the command is related to the educational aspect, there have been academic and educational efforts that have recently appeared and showed interest in this aspect to give the scientific personalities what they deserved, in appreciation to the great efforts thay have exerted among all these years in order to promote this study ahead. Therefore, many discriminative studies have emerged that included academic, cultural and educational personalities. For this reason it was necessary to highlight in this study the biography , CV and life of Dr Sami Saeed Al - Ahmed, who is concerned a pride to anyone who belongs to the history category in Iraq for his production of many valuable writings that contained variable historical information, leaving an enormous scientific output, he wrote in many scientific fields particularly in history, geography, law, literature and the linguistic stabilization and many other topics that represent a basic reference for important durations in the old history, and therefore he is considered one of the intellectual and cultural favours in the old history of Iraq, as his study plays a role in discovering a lot of aspects that surrounded him starting from the first stage of the history of his life and intellectual formation, what is hidden from the important information that become extinct over time. On this basis, this study included an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion in addition to the appendices at its end. In the preface, the researcher took a brief overview of Al Mahdiah town, the ancient families who lived there, the old and modern mosques and the most remarkable shrines as well as the main landmarks in that town. In the first chapter, the writer talked about "the social and scientific approach of Dr Sami Saeed Al - Ahmed". In the first pages of the first research he reviewed the family roots of Dr Sami Saeed Al - Ahmed who is a son of an ancient family that belongs to the Al - Muslimawi clan, from the Arabic Bani Muslim tribe. This family lived in the city of Al - Hillah and settled in Al - Mahdiah town, represented by his parents and his brothers, his birth in 1930 and his origins. The second research followed his primary, secondary and preparative study stages in Al - Hillah schools. After that, he was qualified to study in Baghdad in “High teacher’s house” in “college of education” from where he graduated in 1952, then his teaching in Al - Sadeer secondary school in Al - Najaf. The third research focused on his scholarship and study in USA, where he obtained his master certificate in 1957, he also got his PhD certificate from Michigan University in 1962. The writer then highlighted his return to Iraq, and the chapter also focused in a detailed form on his teaching activity in the different places where he worked, and it was noticed from his teaching in the primary and university studies that he exerted as much scientific effort as he could, in his teaching in the old history category in Baghdad university, college of literature. The second chapter entitled“the evolution of the vision for Dr Sami Saeed Al - Ahmed and his scientific activities” and was divided into 3 topics, the first topic discussed a selection of the subjects and sources that was adopted and his curriculum in the study of history, and he used more than one curriculum in writing. The second topic involved the meaning of history in the language and convention, and then the definition of history and its definition by Arabic and European historians, then we reviewed Sami Saeed Al - Ahmed’s definition. In addition, the writer illustrated the conferences and seminars that Dr Sami Saeed Al - Ahmed participated in as well as his intellectual opinions and political attitudes. In the third topic, the writer gave an introductory view about his most prominent historical writings. The third chapter revealed “analytical reading of patterns of his historical writings” selecting seven patterns of his most famous and prominent writings in its treatments of different topics that its contents showed clearly his pathway and approach in searching his historical issues. In the first topic the writer talked about the first categories of his writings, where the writer viewed four books as a model for knowing his approach of writing, the second topic also showed a model of his translated books to illustrate his approach in translated writing, whereas the third topic pointed out to his researches and his particles that are published in worldwide magazines where the writer got a simple portion of it and these researches where in the Arabic and English languages. In the conclusion of the letter, the researcher pointed to the most important conclusions he reached from the evaluation of facts and incidents contained in the three chapters of the message

تشانغ كاي شيك ودوره السياسي في الصين حتى عام 1949م == Chinang Kai - Shek and His political Role in China Antle 1949

Author name: محمد محسن بديوي الكلابي
Supervisor name: صلاح خلف مشاي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اقترنت عظمة الصين في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر باسماء ساستها الكبار فبعد ان تمكن سن يات سن من تاسيس النظام الجمهوري في الصين 1911 , قدر لتشانغ كاي شيك ان يتجاوز العثرات التي مر بها ذلك البلد بعد الحرب العالمية الاولى, لاسيما بعد ظهور امراء الحرب على المسرح السياسي الصيني واقتطاعهم اجزاء واسعة من شمال الصين ليؤدي دورا بارزا في توحيد الصين عام 1928, على الرغم من المعارضة الكبيرة التي تعرض لها من قبل الماكنة الاعلامية للحزب الشيوعي الصيني. ان تجاذب القوى الدولية على الصين في النصف الاول من القرن العشرين واظهار دور تشانغ كاي شيك على المسرح السياسي الداخلي والخارجي كان السبب المباشر وراء دراسة تلك الشخصية اذ توخيت منه الاجابة على بواعث حقد تشانغ وكرهه للشيوعيين , واشتطاطه في محاولات لم شتات الصين فضلا عن مهادنة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية على امل استثمار دعمها لتبديد خصومه في الداخل والخارج , فيما كان افتقار المكتبة العراقية لدراسات تخصصية في هذا المجال حافزا مضافا اخرا لانجاز رسالتي مستوفيا للمعاير الاكاديمية الرصينة. هدفت الرسالة الى التعرف على هذه الشخصية ودراستها ومعرفة اثرها في تاريخ الصين كما انها عالجت حقبة تاريخية مفصلية في تاريخ ذلك البلد, كانت حافلة بالاحداث الداخلية والخارجية تمثلت بالحملة الشمالية والصراع مع الشيوعيون فضلا عن الحرب الصينية اليابانية والحرب الاهلية. لقد طرح الباحث مجموعة من التساؤلات محاولا الاجابة عنها من خلال هذه الدارسة ابرزها : 1. ماهو دور تشانغ كاي شيك في حزب الكومينتانغ .2. هل كانت سياسة تشانغ كاي شيك ناجحة .3. لماذا اتهم تشانغ كاي شيك بالدكتاتورية .4. هل استطاع تشانغ كاي شيك ان يقف بوجه المد الشيوعي؟ ولماذا ؟5. هل استطاع تشانغ كاي شيك ان يوحد الصين.6. هل نجح تشانغ كاي شيك من اشراك الصين في المحافل الدولية وجعلها قطبا من اقطاب الدول الكبرى. | The Study of the History of Countries can not be completed without going through the study of the personalities that it has made and has been a central and central part of it, especially those whose influence has become local and regional and has become part of international History. The tracing of international characters is not only about History but also of a clear picture of the policy adopted by that country during a certain Historical period. Hence, the greatness of China in Modern and Contemporary History was accompanied by The names of its great politicians. After Sun Yat Sen established the republican system in China 1911, Zhang Kai - shek was estimated to go beyond the pitfalls of China after the First World War, especially after the advent of warlords on the Chinese political scene and their capture of large parts of northern China to play a prominent role in the unification of China in 1928, despite the great opposition to it By a Media machine of the Chinese Communist Party.The attraction of international powers to China in the first half of the 20th century and the portrayal of Chiang Kai - shek on China's domestic and foreign political scene was the direct cause behind the study of this character. He was expected to respond to the motives of Chang's hatred and hatred of the Communists and his dabbling in attempts to partition China as well as appeasement. The United States of America in the hope of investing its support to dissipate its opponents at home and abroad, while the lack of the Iraqi Library for specialized studies in this area added incentive to accomplish the completion of my mission in accordance with strict academic standards.The letter aimed to identify this character and study its impact on the history of China. It also dealt with a pivotal historical period in the history of that country. It was full of internal and external events. It was the northern campaign and the conflict with the Communists as well as the Sino - Japanese war and the civil war.Chiang Kai - shek was not a minor figure in China's history. If there was no mention of a history in that country from 1921 to 1949, Chiang Kai - shek was a part of it, and many of the events he had created himself. He was also a regional and international controversy both in his relations with The United States or in its response to communists

سياسة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه كوريا الجنوبية (1961 - 1974) == Policy of the United States of America toward South Korea (1961 - 1974)

Author name: طارق مهدي عباس الجبوري
Supervisor name: فؤاد طارق كاظم العميدي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The Study of the Foreign Policy of the United States of America is a vital and vital studies in the field of modern and Contemporary history as a Policy of divergent and fixed priorities, and the other variable and the importance of this study being linked to one of the most prominent pillars of national security in the North East Asia and the Pacific, Which represents the greatest threat to the safety of the United States of America in the Korean Peninsula, as the Most dangerous Nuclear Weapons Can still explode at any time, in addition to what contributed to the US Policy to find a State of Modernity and development in the Spring Political, Economic and Military generated in the Southern Part of the Korean Peninsula and transforming society from a society of poverty and Underdevelopment to innovation and community regeneration.can be described as poor for such important studies that combine the American orientations with the South Korean developments, Therefore, one of the reasons that led the researcher to choose is placed in the US - South Korean affairs. In addition, the post - Korean period is the beginning of the emergence of the modern South Korean state. It represents a pivotal stage for the beginning of the new history of the US - South Korean alliance, its role in building the South Korean people and its Contemporary historical development. It was in this sense that the subject of the study was chosen under the title "The United States Policy Towards South Korea (1961 - 1974)." John Kennedy first assumed the presidency of the US Administration, accompanied by internal transformations in South Korea and the coming of Park Chung. The end of the administration of Richard Nixon, and what has seen the reign of his administration of the effects of South Korean reality. The thesis consisted of introduction, introduction, three Chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources and references : The preamble entitled "The US Policy Towards South Korea1953 - 1960" included three aspects : The Political aspect concerns Washington's Policy toward South Korea, its Political issues, Diplomacy from the end of the war and its Military operations, with the signing of the truce on July 27, 1953 to 1960, the internal Political change in South Korea following the student revolution, the removal of the Sangman Re regime and the advent of the interim government Led by Chang Miyun. The Second aspect dealt with the role of the United States in rebuilding the economy and infrastructure of South Korea during the years 1953 - 1960.The Third aspect was the activation of the role of the United States Military Forces in South Korea and their use in civil and Economic activities, as well as in the development and assistance of South Korean Military forces during this period. The first chapter dealt with the Policy of the administration of John F. Kennedy towards South Korea 1961 - 1963, divided into five sections : The First part is the John F. Kennedy administration's policy on the internal political developments in South Korea, 1961 - 1962, following the Military Coup and the nature of the US position and Policy. The Second Part discusses John F. Kennedy's Administration's Policy towards the democratic transition in South Korea after Washington's Conditional acceptance of the South Korean Military Council on November 14, 1962, 1963, and the transformation of South Korea into a democratic approach. The Third topic addresses the efforts of the John F. Kennedy administration to normalize bilateral relations between South Korea and Japan, 1961 - 1963. The Economic dimension in the fourth topic, under the title : The role of the United States of America in guiding and developing the South Korean economy from 1961 to 1963, as the main factor in saving South Korea economically. The fifth topic dealt with the Military dimension of policy, John Kennedy, entitled : The Policy of John Kennedy's Military administration towards South Korea 1961 - 1963. Which was characterized by weakness and did not rise to advanced situations between the two countries in this area that the political factor is still in the process of maturation. The second chapter is entitled : Strategic Options for US Policy on South Korea during the Lyndon Johnson Administration 1963 - 1969. The First topic is the administration of President Lyndon Johnson and its success in the normalization of the South Korean relations of Japan 1964 - 1969, which constituted a major and strategic demand for Washington at this stage. The second topic : South Korea and the US strategy in Asia 1963 - 1969. And discussed two important points : First, the South Korean move towards the regional states in Asia and the American position from 1963 to 1969. This was a success for South Korean diplomacy and with the blessing and support of Washington, which led to the convening of the Asian Regional Council's conferences to support the American orientations.II. The nature of US policy towards South Korea in the wake of Pyongyang's provocations, 1966 - 1969.And discussed the third topic : the impact of the economic policy of the United States of America in the development and construction of the South Korean economy during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson 1963 - 1969, where it witnessed the most delicate stages of laying the foundations of the modern economy and renewed South Korea, as well as the best US in providing Economic Assistance and consultation Miscellaneous. He discussed the Fourth Section_ Lyndon Johnson's Military Policy Toward South Korea 1963 - 1969 : First, Lyndon Johnson's policy on the issue of reducing and regulating the status of US military forces in South Korea 1964 - 1969. Second, the alliance between the United States and South Korea in the Vietnam War 1964 - 1969. These aspects have been key factors in increasing the momentum of harmony, understanding and cooperation between Washington and Seoul and opening new horizons for their alliance in the region. The fourth chapter examines Richard Nixon's policy toward South Korea, 1969 - 1974. Three investigations included : The first part was devoted to the study of the Nixon administration's policy on Pyongyang's provocations against South Korea (1969 - 1974), which showed US adherence to the option of escalating Positions with North Korea and pushing all forces toward appeasement and containment of crises. While the second topic discussed the political impact of the Nixon Doctrine on South Korea, 1969 - 1974, which affected several internal and external political aspects, which constituted a real Challenge to the US - South Korean Relations, led to cracks that almost died in harmony between the two sides, South Korean Political reality. The third topic : Nixon's Economic Policy towards South Korea, 1969 - 1974, also set up in some of its stations a climate of mistrust and divergence of views, but remained where the US funds are the biggest hand in supporting the South Korean Economy. The last topic is : The Military Impact of the Nixon Doctrine on South Korea, 1969 - 1974. Where the military transformation of the large and reduce the presence of US forces in South Korea and the resulting Military implications for the Modernization of the military capabilities of the South Korean forces, in addition to government intersections between the executive and legislative US and the impact of its results on Seoul's acquisition of military modernization required, as well as the Korean disengagement South of the Vietnam War following the cessation of Military escalation and acceptance of the truce and foreign withdrawal.

سياسة انكلترا الخارجية 1307 - 1272 == England Foreign Policy 1272 - 1307

Author name: محمد عبد الرضا موسى
Supervisor name: كريم مطر حمزة الزبيدي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الدراسات في العصر الوسيط الاوربي من الدراسات التاريخية المهمة, اذ لم يسلط عليها الضوء بشكل كاف والغور في احداث ذلك العصر واشباعه بحثا وتحليلا. ولا شك ان لدراسة تاريخ انكلترا في العصور الوسطى اهمية بالغة نظرا لمكانة تلك المملكة في اوروبا والعالم في العصر الوسيط وما الت اليه تلك المملكة بعد ذلك, فهذه المدة التاريخية التي تناولناها في هذه الاطروحة (1272 - 1307) كانت بداية جادة لتوحيد الجزر البريطانية بقيادة انكلترا تحت مظلة مملكة واحدة موحدة فقد تمكنت انكلترا من السيطرة على ويلز بالقوة والحال نفسه ينطبق على اسكتلندا على الرغم من الصعوبات والتقلبات الي شهدتها السيطرة الانكليزية هناك, فضلا عن تبعية ايرلندا لانكلترا. ومن جانب اخر عد الملك ادوارد الاول الذي حكم انكلترا ابان تلك المدة من ابرز ملوك انكلترا في العصر الوسيط ان لم يكن ابرزهم على الاطلاق, كما تميز عهده الذي امتد طيلة خمسة وثلاثين سنة بوافر من الاحداث ولاسيما على المستوى الخارجي بدءا من الجزر البريطانية ومرورا بممالك اوروبا وصولا الى الشرق الاسلامي. ولعل ذلك من جملة ما دفعنا وحفزنا على البحث والكتابة في هذا الموضوع بعد توكلنا على الله تعالى لاختيار موضوع الاطروحة والموسوم ( سياسة انكلترا الخارجية 1272 - 1307). وقد تضمنت الاطروحة اربعة فصول مسبوقة بمقدمة وتحليل لما ورد في المصادر وتعقبها استنتاجات وملاحق وقائمة بالمصادر, وقد بحثنا في الفصل الاول دور الامير ادوارد في ظل حكم ابيه الملك هنري الثالث لانكلترا (1239 - 1272) اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول السياسة الصليبية لانكلترا ودورها في حل النزاع الاوربي حول صقلية, وشرعنا في الفصل الثالث لتتبع النزاع والحرب ما بين انكلترا وفرنسا خلال المدة (1293 - 1303) وكان محورها دوقية جاسكوني ومحاولة المملكتين السيطرة عليها, وجاء الفصل الرابع ليوضح سياسة انكلترا تجاه اسكتلندا (1286 - 1307). شهدت انكلترا خلال النصف الثاني من القرن الثالث عشر وبداية القرن الرابع عشر الميلاديين جملة من الاحداث المهمة على الصعيد الخارجي, تمثلت في تطورات ملحوظة في مختلف جوانب الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية, انعكست على مؤسسات المملكة على كافة الصعد التشريعية والتنفيذية والقضائية والعسكرية, اذ كانت السياسة الخارجية لانكلترا في ذروتها على الرغم ان اغلبها اتسمت بطابع الحروب والقوة والتوسع. ولا شك ان الحروب الكثيرة التي قامت بها انكلترا قد جعلت خزينة المملكة خاوية ومدينة في اغلب الاحيان, وبالتالي فان تكلفة تلك الحروب وقيامها تقع في معظمها على كاهل المواطنين الانكليز عبر فرض الضرائب او جنودا للقتال في تلك المعارك, وبالرغم من ذلك كان هناك قبولا ولو على مضض وهم يرون ان مملكتهم تتوسع رقعتها وتزداد هيبتها, فضلا عن رغبتهم بالحصول على الغنائم ان استطاعوا ذلك وهذا ما ينطبق ومنطق العصور الوسطى. سعى الملك ادوارد الاول في تكوين امبراطورية كان يتوق اليها عبر توحيد الجزر البريطانية تحت سلطة التاج الانكليزي فضلا عن سعي انكلترا للاحتفاظ باخر ممتلكاتها القارية وهي جاسكوني ونجحت في ذلك الى حد كبير, الا ان ذلك جاء نتيجة حروب وقتال راح ضحيتها الالاف من سكان تلك الجزر, وبذلك يمكن القول ان فكرة توحيد تلك الجزر ترسخت اكثر خلال عهده. | During the second half of the thirteenth century and the beginning of the fourteenth century, England witnessed a number of important events on the external level. These were notable developments in various aspects of political, social and economic life, which were reflected in the Kingdom's institutions at all levels of legislative, executive, judicial and military. Of England at its peak, although most of them were characterized by the nature of wars, force and expansion. In the first chapter we discussed the role of Prince Edward under the reign of his father King Henry III of England (1239 - 1272). The second chapter dealt with the crusader policy of England and its role in solving The first was to trace the crusade of England from 1274 to 1291, and the attempts of King Edward I of England, to A crusade to the Middle Islamic and contacts Papacy other foreign powers to do that campaign, and the third section the role of England and its king Edward the first in resolving the European dispute over the Kingdom of Sicily for the period between the year (1284 - 1289). In chapter 3 we began to trace the dispute and the war between England and France during the period (1303 - 1303), centered on the Duchy of Gaskone and the attempt of the two kingdoms to control it. Chapter IV explains England's policy towards Scotland (1286 - 1307). From the above, we can deduce a number of points : - The Character of King Edward I was refined in a good framework and gradually with the stages of progress of his life, the responsibilities entrusted to him at an early age and his participation in the formulation of political events in England as well as personal involvement in battles The parliamentary institution under the reign of King Edward I witnessed a remarkable development by representing large sections of the English people, especially the Model Parliament in 1295, although the king's main purpose was to obtain funds by authorizing the Parliament to impose taxes. That On the other hand put another brick in the evolution of the legislative institution in England to be representative of all strata. King Edward I worked hard to carry out a crusade that would be reprisal and personal consideration after the failure of his campaign with the King of France Louis IX in 1270 - 1272. England and the other European kingdoms had the lead in it, but it did not succeed where the conditions and preparations were not appropriate. The Englishman comes first regardless of his strong desire to carry out this campaign. He can not risk his rule in England for the Crusaders in the East unless he is sure that this does not pose a threat to his rule. Proof of this is his confiscation of money and Crusader infidelity, She desperately needs to meet his expenses Internal or external wars. The Duchy of Gascone was the compass of Anglo - French relations, which was dominated by tension and attraction, especially with the ambition of French King Philip IV to annex the Duchy to his property and expand his influence at the expense of the King of England, which he was able to control already for nearly a decade, but King Edward was able to retrieve With great difficulty after losing a fatal mistake, to maintain at least the last part of English property in France King Edward I sought to form an Empire he longed for by unifying the British islands under the authority of the English Crown. He succeeded in doing so to a great extent, but this was the result of wars and fighting using iron and fire, which claimed the lives of thousands of inhabitants. The islands became more established during his reig.

حزب التجمع الوطني للاحرار ودوره السياسي في المغرب 1977 - 1997 == National Rally of Freedoms Party and its political role in Morocco 1977 - 1997

Author name: شهد محمد هادي جاسم
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: ان تاريخ المغرب هو احد الموضوعات التي تستحق الدراسة التاريخية لندرة الدراسات الاكاديمية التي تتناول المجالات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية لتاريخ هذا البلد. المغرب هو البلد العربي الوحيد الذي حافظ على وجوده وسيادته طوال تاريخه الطويل. لم يتعرض لاي احتلال اجنبي ، كل اجزاء العالم العربي ، باستثناء فترة الحماية الفرنسية والاسبانية ، التي استمرت 44 سنة للفترة (1912 - 1956) ، حيث شكل الاستقلال بداية السياسة عمل الاحزاب في الواقع العملي في المغرب المعاصر ، والاحزاب السياسية في المقاومة ضد الحماية الفرنسية ، وفي حشد الجماهير لتحقيق اهدافها في الحرية والاستقلال والتقدم. لعبت الاحزاب المغربية دورا في تحقيق التنمية السياسية من خلال المشاركة السياسية في الانتخابات التشريعية ودورها في التحول الديمقراطي من خلال المذكرات المقدمة الى المؤسسة الملكية ، والتي تضمنت المطالبة باصلاحات دستورية وسياسية واقتصادية للبلاد. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة الجذور التاريخية للتجمع الوطني للاحرار (NRA) منذ عام 1977 حتى عام 1997. اسسها المستقلون الاحرار الذين شاركوا في الانتخابات البلدية والريفية عام 1976 والانتخابات التشريعية لعام 1977. تم انتخابهم بالاغلبية وتجمعوا تحت جناح احمد عصمان ، الذي كان له دور كبير في قيادة الحزب طوال تلك الفترة. تعتبر اهمية دراسة تاريخ حزب التجمع الوطني للاحرار احد اكثر الاحزاب اثارة للجدل في الساحة السياسية المغربية لانه منذ مؤتمره الاول عام 1978 تم اعتباره حزبا مركزيا، لكن الاحزاب المعارضة وانطلاقا من مواقفه المؤيدة للملك يعدونه من الاحزاب الملكية ، فضلا عن الادوار التي قام بها التي اثبتت انحيازه للحكم الملكي في المغرب اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لبيان اهم التطورات التي شهدها المغرب ودور حزب التجمع الوطني للاحرار فيها للمدة 1977 - 1997 . في ضوء منهجية البحث ، تنقسم الرسالة الى اربعة فصول ومقدمة. يتناول الفصل الاول ( لمحة تاريخية عن الاوضاع السياسية في المغرب حتى عام 1977) ، وتحدث الفصل الثاني عن ( تاسيس حزب التجمع الوطني للاحرار ودوره السياسي في المغرب 1977 - 1983 ) وقد احتوى على اربعة مباحث ، اما الفصل الثالث فدرس ( دور الحزب في الحياة السياسية في المغرب 1984 - 1991) ، وسلط الفصل الرابع الضوء على ( موقف الحزب من تجربة التحول الديمقراطي في المغرب 1992 - 1997) . | The history of Morocco is one of the topics that deserve the historical study of the scarcity of academic studies that dealt with the political, economic and social fields of the history of this country. Morocco is the only Arab country that has maintained its existence and sovereignty throughout its long history. It has not been subjected to any foreign occupation, All the parts of the Arab world, except for the period of protection of French and Spanish, which lasted 44 years for the period (1912 - 1956), as independence formed the beginning of the political action of the parties in practice in contemporary Morocco, And political parties in the resistance against French protection, and in mobilizing the masses to achieve their goals of freedom, independence and progress. The Moroccan parties played a role in achieving political development through political participation in the legislative elections and their role in democratic transformation through the memoirs submitted to the Royal Institution, which included demanding constitutional, political and economic reforms of the country.The aim of the study is to study the historical roots of the National Rally of Independents (NRA) since 1977 to 1997. It was founded by the Free Independents who participated in the municipal and rural elections in 1976 and the 1977 legislative elections. They were elected by majority and gathered under the wing of Ahmad Asman, Hassan II, who had a major role in leading the party throughout that period. The importance of studying the history of the National Rally of Independents Party is considered to be one of the most controversial parties in the Moroccan political arena because since its first conference in 1978 it has been counted as a center party. However, the opposition parties and their pro - king positions are considered by the royal parties as well as the roles played by Which proved his bias towards ownership. The study was based on the historical approach as well as the analytical descriptive method to show the most important developments in Morocco and the role of the National Rally for Independents Party (1997 - 1997. ( In the light of the methodology of the research, the thesis is divided into four chapters and an introduction. The first chapter deals with the establishment of the National Rally of Independents and the political cycle in Morocco until 1983. Chapter III (The Role of the Party in the Political Life in Morocco, 1983 - 1990), Chapter Four (The Party's Position on the Experience of Democratic Transformation in Morocco 1992 - 1997).

التطورات التاريخية للنزاع البريطاني الارجنتيني حول جزر الفوكلاند : حرب عام 1982 انموذجا == Historical Developments Of The British Argentian Dispute Over The Falklands Islands 1982 War As A Model

Author name: علي عدنان عبد سعد الشمري
Supervisor name: عصام عبد الحسين نومان الدليمي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate,Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds. Prayer and peace upon Prophet of prophets and messengers Mohammad and his progeny and his best followers to the day of judgment, One of the important necessities for any academic researcher specialized in modern European history is to shed light on a subject or important event as long as operates the interest of specialized researchers and learners in the field of modern history, especially the subjects and events that raised argument in the scientific circles as it has no specialized expanded academic universal study. After studying, search, prospecting and discussion researcher has chosen (historical developments in the British Argentinian struggle over the Falkland Islands the war of 1982 as an exemplar). So I consulted my respected supervisor and some of my respected teachers and found a great welcome. I put my trust in God and decided to try in this field. It is clear that for each study there is an aim and my aim of this study is to give a deep and clear idea about the dramatic background that is still vague about the nature of this important historical incident and to shed light on the long exhaustion process the British and Argentinian which has its roots from the age of geographical discoveries till 1833. It is important to notice that the researcher has tried his best to keep a possible objective picture of the facts and analyze events and incidents of the study and make them the core of research which left a wide debate about the real owner of these islands. The researcher depended on data of the historical method in documenting the incidents of this study and its changes and the developments that joined it and the result incurred. The nature of research demanded to be based on three chapters preceded by a preface and followed by conclusion presented the important findings of the study in addition to a list of resources and references used in this study,The preface gives a geographical and historical brief about the Falkland Islands till 1914.So the first pivot is the geographical one and it includes the study of the natural geographical features of these islands,Geographical characteristics of mankind "demographic", while the share of the second axis, a historical axis is the study of the historical roots of international conflict over the Falklands, as well as the study of international disputes and conflicts over those islands,As for chapters study have to stop the first chapter of the importance Elchibolatkih to the Falkland Islands and its location in the area of international conflict, and this chapter included four sections : the first : the Falkland Islands during the period of World Wars I and II, and the second chapter : economic importance to the Falkland Islands and its impact on the British - Argentinean relations, and the third the crisis of the Falklands as part of political negotiations between the British, Argentina and internationalization of the United Nations (1945_1974), and fourth : developments crisis in light of the political negotiations between Britain and Argentina, and its impact within UNITED NATIONS (1975_1982), and ensure that Chapter II study of political and economic developments in the British, Argentina and orientation towards war Falklands has included four Detectives also : first : Political and economic realities in Britain, Argentina and its impact on the Falklands (1981 - 1982), and the second phase of the crisis (March - 2 April 19 1982), and the third : the military operations (April 2 to June 14, 1982), War Results of the Falklands and its impact on reality Britain and Argentina and the Falkland Islands, and there was talk in the third chapter on the international and regional situations of the Falklands war, Has continued on two detectives : first : attitudes international and represented the position of both the UN Security Council, the US position and the Soviet and French and NATO, the North Atlantic and the market of European common, the Vatican and Israel, while the second section : attitudes regional and there was talk of the positions of both the Organization of American States and the position of Brazil, Peru, Chile and Bolivia and Colombia, Costa Rica, Uruguay, and a treatise on its contents based on a wide range of sources varied according to the requirements of chapters, during which many of the official documents published, Especially documents from the United Nations, and documents Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the prime minister British, as well as documents and German foreign ministry and the US State Department, and the White House, US as well as intelligence documents US Central (CIA), as well as documents Wiki Leaks, either the documentation is published are : Archive personal documents Constantine Davidoff, and adopted a researcher at the completion of the treatise on the total sources varied between Arab and foreign books, treatise and theses , as well as newspapers and published research.

سياسة التغريب واثرها في النهضة المصرية الحديثة 1879 - 1805 == Westernization policy and its impact on Modern Egyptian Renaissance 1805 - 1879

Author name: علي جليل جاسم منصور
Supervisor name: علي هادي عباس المهداوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Still the history of Egypt in need of a serious and solid studies in many aspects, among many eras experienced by,and so what this region of strategic importance, economic, cultural, and that this region successively by political and international forces tried to control Bmekdradtha, according to their interests and their security national.We are pleased in this letter (Westernization and impact of policy on modern Egyptian Renaissance 1805 - 1879) to address this issue through a focus on the western activity and policy in Egypt, it has identified the time frame of the study since the Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1805 and ends with the time frame her up in 1879 m, which saw the end of the rule of Khedive Ismail.We've been limited to the subject of the message duration (1805 - 1879), because of the breadth of these past events and overlapping effects as well as the concentration of a researcher in this letter to the westernization policy and its impact on modern renaissance in Egypt.The letter four seasons, as well as the introduction and conclusion and a list of sources and references, and summary in English.The first chapter ways (the concept of alienation and the mechanism for entering Egypt in 1805 before) to Westernization language and idiomatically, and the role of foreign privileges and that was the beginning of foreign intervention in terms of protection and the legal basis for the nationals of foreign trade and control, and the seal of the European competition and the intervention of French military campaign on Msraam 1798 and out of Egypt after the battle Abu Qir and the peace of Amiens in the twenty - seventh of March in 1802 and became Egypt's political future is for the major countries in the political affairs of Europe, particularly Britain and France.Chapter II (westernization policy in the era of Muhammad Ali Pasha, 1805 - 1849), ascend the Muhammad Ali throne of Egypt's military and attention and the evolution of the Egyptian military establishment and its impact Social Council, where reliance on foreign expertise and attention to scientific missions to Europe, also addressed some industries and its relation to military formations and explained chapter the impact of the policy of Mohammed Ali Pasha, the Egyptian social construction and installation.Chapter III classes (Westernization and impact of the policy on the situation in Egypt during the reign of Khedive Ismail 1863 - 1879), the Suez Canal opened in Khedive Ismail era and introductions colonialism, foreign penetration in Egypt by his followers the means and methods that enable through which the absolute domination of the Egyptian economy, both through the harness and exploitation of European money in the inside Egypt, which has been serving the interests of European countries and contribute to influence the political decision - Masri, focused chapter on the most important European loans granted to Egypt and in the form that led to the Egyptian government's inability to meet those loans, which make way for these countries to enter the Egyptian political affairs , and the subsequent political developments have led to the isolation of Khedive Ismail and his removal from Egyptian affairs in 1879, forcing him to leave Egypt, ending an important chapter of modern Egyptian history pages.I have devoted the final chapter IV (the impact of westernization policy in the Egyptian culture) the pioneers of the intellectual movement and the extent of their influence on Egyptian society, as well as the press's role since Nostha and the variety and diversity of themes and the preparation of publications, as Chapter ensure political alienation repercussions on the Egyptian society, in terms of the decay of some communities and the extent of Western influence on segments of society, as well as the impact on the customs and traditions of the Egyptian heritage.

حروب الوردتين في انكلترا (1455 - 1485) : دراسة تاريخية == Wars of the Roses in England (1455 - 1485)A Historical Study

Author name: رشا مجيد منديل الحاجم
Supervisor name: ماجد محيي عبد العباس الفتلاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The Wars of the Roses was the name given to the English civil wars fought roughly between 1455 and 1485. The principal conflicts took place in 1455 - 1460 (First War), 1460 - 1483 (Second War), and 1483 - 1485 (Third War). The wars developed during the reign of King Henry VI (1422 - 1461) , and the outgrowth of the conflict with the Duke of York to be the direct causes of the outbreak of the war,York was killed at the battle of Wakefield. His son Edward IV (1461 - 1483), the first Yorkist king, decisively defeated the Lancastrians in 1461. His reign was punctuated by a Second War, in which Warwick the Kingmaker made Henry VI briefly king again (the Readeption, 1470 - 1471). Edward recovered his throne at the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury. Following Edward IV’s death and the succession of his son Edward V, in 1483, the throne was usurped by Edward’s uncle, Richard III (r. 1483 - 1485), who was overthrown at the battle of Bosworth in 1485 by Henry Tudor, who reigned as Henry VII (1485 - 1509). Thesis Included, preface, four chapters, further to the introduction and conclusion, preface Devoted, which came under the title (the general situation and the nature of the monarchy in England system until the year 1337) to shed light on the general situation in England since the Norman Conquest until the outbreak of the Hundred Years War between England and France, to address political, economic and social to situations in England during this period and then touched on the nature of the hereditary monarchy system in England and the rules that have been used in the Middle Ages. The first chapter (introductions and the causes of War of the Roses), which consisted of three sections, studied the historical roots of the wars of the Roses, which has its origins traced back to the reign of King Edward III, then explained chapter the effects and reflections of Hundred Years War between England and France on the internal situation in England and being of the outbreak of War of the Roses factors, the illustrate the case of political conflict in the early reign of Henry VI and the outgrowth of the conflict with the Duke of York to be the direct causes of the outbreak of the war. While the second chapter which marked (the first phase of the Roses 1455 - 1460 war) and be one of the three sections discussed by the beginning of the outbreak of war between the Lancaster and the York in the battle of St Albans first and the conduct of battles and military campaigns between the two parties and the victory of York at this juncture and Richard Duke York take over the Regency of England. While the third chapter (the second stage of the War of the Roses (1460 - 1483) and be one of the three sections is also studying the longest duration of this war, which were highlighting the significant role played by Queen Margrethe Of Anjou Henry VI's wife and her leadership to the of Lancasters In their struggle with the Yorks and its defense of the right of her son on the throne against attempts to remove him from the throne and the most prominent military campaigns during this period, which resulted in a loss of Lancaster to the throne and the arrival of Edward the fourth son of Richard Duke of York, to power. The fourth chapter (the end of the War of the Roses and their results (1483 - 1485)) to study the final phase of the wars of the Roses, which almost three years, but it was eventful and developments in the process of conflict consisted chapter of Investigation three also discussed the demise of the House of Lancaster and the arrival of the third Richard to power after that usurped the throne by force of his nephew Edward V and then the emergence of a new prosecutor for the throne of England, but it is Henry Tudor, which was estimated to be the end of the wars of the Roses on his hand and then was showing notable results and effects of the wars of the Roses on England in the various political, economic and socialists aspects . thesis Pena conclusion the main conclusions reached by the dissertation.

دور المراة المصرية في التطورات السياسية والاجتماعية (1952 - 1970) == The role of Egyptian Women inpolitical and social developments 1952 - 1970

Author name: سراب خماط جخيم
Supervisor name: وفاء كاظم ماضي الكندي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The woman is still an effective element in building the society and in all, both the political or economic or social, and history of the Arab, and since ancient civilization ages and through civilization and Islamic until the present time record for us bright pages of examples of Arab women who have been able to markers of advanced civilization in their states track Egyptian women and her role was most prominent in this area, Egyptian History is full of names was them their mark in history, both at the global level or Arab, and participated with men along with hand in shaping history, but unfortunately we find that a lot of historical sources overlook documenting this positive role and clear, for social reasons, most often have been and continue to limit the moral value of women Bgr customs and traditions inherited, and this form of incentive to look beyond the resources and the most prominent this apparent role of Egyptian women and concealed sometimes in my palace, and writing on the subject (the role of Egyptian women in the political and socio - 1952 developments - 1970), Egyptian women have undergone a range of influences that played a major role in shaping its image in the community, however, it has proved its presence is clear and continuing it, and we talked to in this letter gives us a clear picture of that role in the following aspects : The social aspect : The most obvious and sophisticated side in the field of Renaissance women's education, which expanded the number of schools and primary and secondary schools teachers, universities and the establishment of the first school for girls in 1873 in Cairo and the entry of Egyptian women Wire education, surpassing all obstacles and difficulties that she was standing deduced from a woman going out to seek knowledge, and considers it an order bring shame upon her and her family was this era that served as the main base laid by feminist education and expand in subsequent periods which saw the entry of Egyptian women to universities and higher than many of the women in the educational field as well as send women's missions abroad in order to complete their studies. - Of the most prominent things that have emerged in this aspect during the first period of the research, is the conflict that took place between supporters of the unveiling, veil, who served multiple categories of people, The political aspect : - The Egyptian women political activity is evident in all the revolutions and uprisings in Egypt since the 1919 revolution, was limited activity at first to go out in demonstrations and chanting national slogans, and Egyptian women managed to inflame Hamas masses, a role which has its roots Allowaglh in depth history did the role of women remain confined to only the demonstrations, but the impact that a host of social phenomena - the new national, was left to the veil itself constitute a declaration for a new role for women in public life, and did not leave the veil represents a departure from the moral values, but such a shift in a way to express those moral values are those that stuck it out as long as Egyptian society, hence the distinctive Egyptian women participate in the revolutions of 1919 and 1952 and 1967.

الاثار الاجتماعية للحملة الفرنسية على مصر حتى عام 1863 == The social implications of the French campaign Egypt until 1863

Author name: مها عدنان عبد الحسين المعموري
Supervisor name: وفاء كاظم ماضي الكندي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The political and militarism development in Egypt gained a lot of historical studies, which dealt with these aspects, with a lot of details. Besides the study of the external relations of Egypt whether with Arab or European countries. At the same time , the Egyptian characters gained personal biography. With these studies ;however ,we can find weaknesses and lack of clarity in studies that dealt with the social aspects for them. There were few studies and most of them were neither scientific nor academic. Considering the importance of the social history of Egypt in the period between (1798 - 1863) concerning the changes happened on its social conditions. The French invasion of Egypt from 1798 to 1863 personified the beginning of new period in its history which attached it with the Great Nations in a wide range and this alerted these Nations to the economic and military importance of it. Although the invasion was unsuccessful experience for the French, but it was the beginning of the French interference especially after France got great care and interesting from the authority of Egypt Mohammad Ali Basha later on. From there I chose the subject of my study to illustrate the effects of the French campaign and its results on the Egyptian community which became like an obedient tool for the western and then to get the control on Egypt. Then ,Egypt became under the debt and independence of the West. The researcher depended on the scientific approach which relied on the historical succession of the events from the monitoring the events and the developments that occurred in Egypt during the period from 1798 to 1863 with illustration about the French effect in these events.The thesis consisted of an introduction, four parts and a conclusion. The first part dealt with the state of Egypt during the Osmanli authority. I illustrated in it the difference aspects of the economical , political and administrative Egypt life in the last eighteenth century.While the second part dealt with "the social targets of the French campaign" .It was presented in four steps. first, the historical development of the idea of the French invasion. Second, the effect of the invasion. Third, results of it. Four, A biography of the writer ; Abd Al - Rehmaan Al - Jeberti who lived during the French campaign in Egypt and was aware of it.In the other hand , the third part dealt with the study of the historical Egypt during Mohammad Ali period ; from 1801 to 1848 . The research concentrated on the political anarchy and how to stabilize Mohammad Ali authority. It also concentrated on the administrative , educational and cultural reformation which Mohammad Ali made. In addition, the research took care on the appearance of the Egyptian journalism. It also concentrated on the circulation of translation as well as his economical reformation.Whereas ,the fourth part referred to Egypt situations during the period of Mohammad's successors. At which the research took care discussed Abbas Basha 1 management ; from 1848 - 1854 and his general politics , economical and educational reformation. His general politics and his cultural and educational reformation as well as Al Suez Canal project and the effect of the foreign fund in the Egyptian economy during that period.There were a clear difference in the parts of the thesis. This is because of the topics of the thesis which need illustrations in some of them as they are essential and come to the point of the subject. Another difference is the large quantity of the scientific material in the research. Whereas the last part lacked the scientific material which the researcher tried to get it from different ways.The study was concluded with the most important results on which the researcher got it. The study depended on a lot of and different sources from the most important books and the Arabic and the Iraqi brochures which enrich the parts of the thesis by valuable information. Whereas the thesis lacked of the unpublished documents because of the difficulties of getting them easily. Referring to that ,I tried to get these documents by going to the Egyptian Consulate who ensured me the difficulties to find these documents during this period of time. In the other hand, the lack and the rarity of the document related to social aspects. Most of the documents related to the political and the economical aspects. For this reason, the great dependence was on the books which we can consider most of them as document books , like Al - Jeberti book : "The wonderful effect in the biography and the information". The importance of this book is that the writer lived during the French campaign and the events that accompanied it. He also lived during Mohammad Ali Basha management and authority. At the same time , most of the works of the historian Mohammad Fuad Shokri had an effect to enrich the thesis by the valuable information because it depended on the Arabic, the British and the Osmanli documents.Particularly ,the book : (The French campaign and the departure from Egypt )and the book : (Mohammad's Ali State Structure) as well as the other sources . We don't neglected the prominent role of the theses and the dissertations, whether the Iraqi ones or the Arabic. The most important source which comes first and enriched the thesis was the PHD dissertation titled in : " Abd Al - Rehman Al - Jeberti and his approach in writing the history". For the researcher Alaawi Abbaas Abd . The dissertation contained important information about the Egyptian life during the Osmanli and the French campaign period against Egypt. As well as , it took the life of the historian Abd Al - Rehman Al - Jeberti and his attitude to the conditions at that time. While the MA thesis titled in ( The popular opposed of the French invasion from 1798 - 1801) for the researcher Ammar Mohammad Ali Al - Taae, considered as the second important source that helped in the presentation of this thesis. The advantage of this thesis appeared in the first part since it dealt with the Egyptian social life during the Osmanli period and during the existence of the French campaign. As well as the PHD dissertation titled in : (The French Effect in the Eastern civilization from the two Thesauruses ; Egypt Qualifying and the Scientific discovery of Algeria ) for the researcher Mustafa Obead .The advantage of this thesis in the third part to illustrate the range of the French effect on Mohammad Ali Basha politics and tendency in modernization Egypt.Finally , I put this humble work in the hands of my respectable teachers ; the boss and the members of the deliberation . I am sure there will be a great role for their opinions and directions to reduce the gaps and the shortcomings

وزارة الارشاد العراقية 1958 - 1963 : دراسة تاريخية == Ministry Iraqi GUIDANCE (1958 - 1963) (Study Historicity)

Author name: دعاء جواد ناصر مهدي الطائي
Supervisor name: سعد كاظم حسن المولى
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The study and the Ministry of Guidance Iraq dealt with in the period between (1958 - 1963) historical study, if this period of important periods are considered in the history of Iraq, which is located between two important events in the beginning of the revolution July 14, 1958, that ended the monarchy and proclaimed the republic either at the end of the period occurred revolution of February 8, 1963, that ended the rule of Abdul Karim Qasim.ksmt Study into three chapters with an introduction and conclusion and supplements, if the first chapter is divided into three sections address ways of advertising and publications in the period of the monarchy The second chapter is divided into threesections highlighted the establishment of the Ministry in terms of the reasons and motives and missions with a clarification of the ministry structure and the ministers who took over the ministry on the length of time (1958 - 1963), and the third chapter work of the ministry and its mechanism and financial regulation in the period between 1958 - 1963oz divided into four sections between the ministry and the development of interventions taking place which, together with the achievements of the ministry at the time and technical relations and financial affairs. The message has adopted a number of important sources, both were written Ooothaiq, letters or newspapers able to sing the message important scientific material Have resulted in the study of the Iraqi Ministry of Guidance (1958 - 1963) on a number of important things, namely, that the ministry is one of the Iraqi ministries, founded in the republican era for the organization and the reality of the media and advertising in the country, and to respond to each and policies of the enemy's hostile but activity remained limited and it is linked to state policy as the lack of interest of the state by making it simple and small ministry compared to other Iraqi ministries.

دور المراة الجزائرية في الثورة التحريرية 1954 - 1962 == The role of Algerian women in the liberation revolution 1954 - 1962

Author name: فرح الاسلام علي الحميري
Supervisor name: وفاء كاظم ماضي الكندي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Algeria occupied an important position in the Arab world and the world, both by virtue of its geographical position overlooking the coast of the Mediterranean Sea on one side and close to the European continent on the other hand, as well as a large area and its resources, which was a cause of international disputes through the eighteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, even able to France to put an end to these conflicts and exploit the incident famous fan in 1827 to impose an economic blockade on Algeria was the first indicator to announce its occupation of Algeria officially in 1830 to be the date the beginning of the struggle of the Algerian people, who have not deterred by weak economic condition or lack of arming and humility before the Army was referred It stigmatized him in terms of armament and potential outstanding.Algerians Waged series of revolutions and confrontations against the French occupation since 1830 was the conclusion libertarian revolution which announced the launch sparked in 1954, which lasted until for independence in 1962, was the Revolution Mother and conclusion of a series of revolutions, which lasted for more than a century, claimed the lives of nearly one million Algerian youth of the finest and Chaabathm who cleansed their blood pure land even gain independence. Revolution were not in 1954 and earlier revolutions reserved for men was women's role is clear, but outstanding, which has been the subject of admiration of many countries, including France itself, which recorded through the writings of historians and politicians struggle of a woman who did not know surrender and resentment of the situation in spite of their circumstances difficult at the time, which was twice head - educational potential by virtue of the conditions of occupation as well as social conditions within the same Algerian society that prevented the possibility of taking the women's full role as half of society, but in spite of these conditions.The other had a clear and distinct role in multiple areas highlighted by the military and the medical side as well as the social aspect. The choice of subject of the study (the role of algerian women in liberation revolutionfrom 1954 to 1962) to highlight the role of women, which was absent in a lot of studies on the history of Algeria, which were mostly dealing with the political events of the revolution and the French occupation, with modest references to the role of women, which is the role supervisor It has borne the brunt of the revolution and its operations militancy and suicide, and the position is hardly equal to the position of the man, as well as lack of resources dealing with the Algerian women's history explicitly, which form me motivation also for writing the subject interesting and tired to look for sources. The study was divided into an introduction and pave the three chapters and a conclusion, the introductory chapter of the need to give a picture of the beginning of the struggle of Algerian women against the occupation of the French in the first years of the occupation, highlighting one of the most famous women of her time Mujahid came (Lalla Fatima N'Soumeur), which was a model unique to Muslim women striving.The first chapter (colonial policy of France in Algeria) has vowed to three paragraphs we dealt with in the first paragraph of France to eliminate identity politics. The second paragraph dealt with France's military policy and economic and social policy in Algeria.The third paragraph has been highlighted by torture during the colonial period and we talked to the methods of torture.The second chapter, titled (the status of Algerian women during the French occupation) and the Department of the three paragraphs also dealt in the first paragraph time education and its role in preserving the Islamic image.The second paragraph we dealt with the struggle of Algerian women in the national liberation struggle and Pena Finally external activity of Algerian women came in the third paragraph of the chapter.The third chapter (the role of Algerian women in response to French occupation) came in three paragraphs also dealt in the first paragraph overview of the struggle of the women's five state area (Tlemcen) A, Paragraph II studied the struggle of women for the first state area (Tebessa), and finally models of Majahdat Algerian came in the third paragraph of chapterWe tried through the chapters of the thesis to answer a number of questions and inquiries associated with the subject of the search, including : - What are the forms of resistance in the first years of the occupation? - Who are the Lalla Fatima N'Soumeur? And why it has become a model for the struggle of the Algerian women in the nineteenth century? - What are the methods of colonial France? - What are the ways in which France pursued to eliminate the religion of Islam and the Arabic language? - What are the methods Altavebah? What are the positions of the Algerians of these methods? - What is the role of women in the struggle, and whether there was a difference between their role in the countryside and the city? - Is the women's literary and political contributions and social outside Algeria? - What women in areas characterized by Tlemcen? - Who are the most prominent women who were Mujahdat featured role without others who were tortured?And other questions adopted in answer to the historical method based on all the historical material and analyzing the right ones and discrimination by comparing historical novels.The study relied on quite a number of important historical sources that dealt with the history of Algeria's political, economic, social and likes it Bassam al - Asali writing Algerian Mujahidat which contains information and details about Algerian women Majahdat and gave us a clear and complete picture of women's participation in the Revolution, and Anissa Barakat lectures and studies literary about Algeria who made contributions for the resistance and the struggle of women in the revolution, and Mohamed Kantari, who spoke about the heroism of the Algerian women in the revolution and the crimes of French colonialism, who described the important events in its history, as well as between the women in the revolution and the book Ephron Mehrez diary from behind the graves, which gave a vision for post women during the liberation revolution and the writers Mohamed Salah Al - sidiq who explained to us the French colonizers crimes against women Algeria the books Arabized was of extreme value to the enrichment of the study is rich with information was in the forefront of the book Henry food - Eastern question and documentation of torture in Algeria and writers Simone de Beauvoir and Gisele Halimi tragedy of torture pretty Bobaha.The University thesis and dissertation occupied great importance hired by the researcher what contained it of crucial information about the many events that have faced Algerian women, including thesis of Salwan Rashid Ramadan social conditions in Algeria during the French occupation 1830 - 1871,Lamiyab Clatma women and popular resistance Lalla Fatima model, the thesis matinee Hanan Kamal Bogdera mass organizations and their contribution to the Algerian Revolution from 1956 to 1962.Arab newspapers and magazines have played a role in the access to a lot of information comes in the forefront of the journal was a historic Moroccan magazine.There was an presence of the international network in the thesis, while we can not access the information or a translation of some of the historical figures that are difficult to access.Here it must be pointed to the important issue is devoid thesis only rarely from historical documents that we faced very difficult to obtain, despite the continuing quest by contacting the multi - party Algerian but it was our endeavor failure to support access to these documents, but exists in Dar Al - kutob Walwathaia it very rare, especially to the subject of Algerian women, and this is the form of the greatest difficulty that I stood with other difficulties, we were able to overcome, including the lack of resources that give Arab women in general and Algerian in particular, and in detail, requiring continuous search and flour between the bookshelves to access information related to women and their struggle, the participation of some outstanding brothers and sisters of the Algerian universities and who help me with books are rare and distinct from which I was able to overcome the difficulties of the some of research.It remains perfect God Almighty alone, the take up of this temperament humans

الاستيطان الاوربي في تونس (1939 - 1956) == European settlement in Tunisia (1939 - 1956)

Author name: ريام عباس دعيبل جياد الجنابي
Supervisor name: سعد كاظم حسن المولى
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

احمد قوام السلطنة ودوره السياسي في ايران حتى عام 1952 م == AHMED Qavam AL.SaLtaneh AND POLICIAL ROLE IN IRAN UNTIL YEAR 1952 A.D.

Author name: احمد هادي سلمان المجتومي
Supervisor name: كريم مطر حمزة الزبيدي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Ahmed Qavam AL - Saltaneh bin Ibrahim , Iran's most prominent political figures in the Qajarite and pahlave .It belongs to wealthy family associated with politics and royal tiles .He inherited his grandfather and his ancestors function of tax collection in the regions and the provinces of Persia. The members of this family obtained a high political and ministerial positions in the state . Qavam AL - Saltaneh was born in 1873A.D , his mother died when he was no more than two years old . His uncle , the secretary of state , sponsored him who become prime minister of Muzaffar AL - Din Shah. Qavam AL - Saltaneh also served in the royal court and become the edit messages and correspondence secretary to your Muzaffar AL - Din Shah . when the constitutional Revolution occurred in 1906 , Muzaffar AL - Din Shah charged him to write furman constitution in his own hand writing because Qavam AL - Saltaneh was skillful calligrapher . The era of Muhammed Ali Shah live up Qavam AL - Saltaneh position and took severed overalls between period 1911 - 1918 , including the ministry of Finance , Interior and Defense , and in 1918 was chosen to be the governor of the province of Khorasan . He was able in matters of administration of the territory and spent the uprisings taking place there and re - security and stability in Khorasan province , and in 1921 took place in Tehran coup called Hoot's coup . The coup led by Dhia adin AL - Tabatabai and Reza khan with British support . Then New prime minister Dhia adin ordered to detained Qavam AL - Saltaneh in Khorasan and send him to Tehran . He remained in prison until Ahmed Shah Dhia adin was forced to resign him.Then he went out by order of the Shah to receive the chair of prime minister . This represent a new phase in his political life . He made several measures during his premier ship and collided with Reza Khan the miniter of war so he resigned from prime minister . But Ahmed Shah returned him again to receive the prime minister in 1922. When he resigned this time Reza Khan masterminded and fabricated the evidence to prove that Qavam AL - Saltaneh was plotting assassination attempt .2So he was arrested and decided to exile outside the country in 1923 no longer engage in political. Until 1941 Reza Shah was isolated and his son Mohammd Reza officiate Iranian throne who ask Qavam AL - Saltaneh to government in 1942 and resigned because of lack of understanding between him and Shah Mohmmad Reza in 1943 . At the beginning of 1946 Mohmmad Reza Shah restored to assignee the prime minister . Ahmed Qavam formed government and go to Moscow to enter negotiations with the Soviet Union in order to bring out the Soviet from northern Iran . After lengthy negotiations on two stage they signed Oil deal in exchange the Sovite Union with draw its forces from Iran. This deal show on the Iranian parliament fifteenth in 1947 . The council refused to ratify on the convention . Qavam AL - Saltaneh resigned and traveled to Paris for treatment .The Iranian - British relation deteriorated in 1952 because Dr. Musadaq implementation of decision of the nationalize the Iranian Oil and expulsion the British Oil companies. Then the consensus got between Britain and Qavam to take the last the prime minister. He succeeding to resolves outstanding issues between Britain and Iran . In mid - July 1952 the Shah asked him to become prime minister. A large demonstrations happened in Tehran protest against the assumed Qavam AL - Saltaneh the minister. The demonstrators , protesters and Ayatollah Abu al - Qasim AL - Kashani wanted to isolate the Qavam and returned Musadaq for prime minister. The intensity and strength did not benefit with demonstrators so, Qavam haven't continue in this government, only five days . AL - Shah removed him and return Musadaq for prime minister. Qavam AL - Saltaneh died after a long illness in 1955. He buried in his family graveyard in Qom.
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