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دراسة لنوعية المياه وتركيز الهيدروكربونات النفطية وبعض العناصر النزرة في المياه الجوفية للابار القريبة من مصافي الجنوب في منطقة الشعيبة - البصرة جنوب العراق == Study Water Quality and Concentration of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Some Trace Elements in Groundwater of Wells Near South Refineries in Al - Shiaba region - Basrah, Southern Iraq

Author name: بثينة مهدي يونس
Supervisor name: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons in two phases dissolved and suspended in water, and Water Quality, in addition to three trace metals nickel Ni, lead Pb and cadmium Cd were determined in the groundwater, in eight wells. Six wells from W1 to W6 close to the source of pollution about half kilometer to three kilometer and two wells (w7 - w8) were far with in12.5Km from the mentioned source pollution area (well control).Wells were located on surrounding southern refineries (Al - hiaba ) - Zubair - Basra in southern Iraq .Water samples were collected seasonally from autumn 2015 to summer 2016.The present study including, the measurements of some environmental factors, water and air temperatures , salinity, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved soluble solids (TDS), pH , dissolved oxygen , total hardness and chloride ions .Results were ranged between ,( 19.5 - 48.8) ºC ( 25.0 - 29.3) ºC , (4.35 - 10.95) mg∕L, (5.01 - 11.45) mS ∕cm , (1.110 - 6.803) NTU , (3206 - 7328) mg∕L (7.05 - 8.72) , (1.35 - 12.25) mg ∕L ,(1275 - 4200) mg ∕L and ( 1560 - 5416) mg∕L respectively .Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined using spectroflurometer . Results showed that concentrations of means TPHs as dissolved fraction in water were in all wells highest in spring 2016 than winter then autumn 2015, while less concentration recorded was during summer 2016.The highest mean concentration was 35.91 μg /L in well W1 in a spring 2016 while lowest value 0.73μg/L in well W7 in summer 2016 . Results of highest means concentrations of TPHs particular fraction in water were 137.39 μg /g dry weight in well W1 in spring 2016 and lower means concentrations of TPHs particular fraction 9.89 μg /g dry weight in well W8 summer 2016. Sixteen compounds of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) were identified in water (dissolved and particulate fractions ) during spring 2016 using a liquid Chromatograph high performance (HPLC). The total concentrations of dissolved PAHs in water ranged between the highest concentration 7205 ng∕L in well W1, and lowest concentration 39.1 ng∕L in well W8 ,the highest concentration of Phenanthrene compound in well W1 was 3472 ng∕L and lower concentration for Benzo(a) Pyrene compound was 0.37 ng∕L in well W8,was the more dominate PAHs compound in dissolved phase recorded Benzo(b)Fluranthene .The total concentrations of PAHs particular fraction ranged between the highest concentration 9334 μg /g dry weight in well W1, while lowest concentration 370 μg /g dry weight in well W8.The more dominant PAHs compound as particular fraction Fluorene in spring season ,were compound Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene has a highest concentration 6689 ng∕g dry weight in well W3 and the to west concentration compound was Benzo(a)anthracene ng∕g in well W8. Results recorded highest concentration of lead 0.933 μg /L in well W1 in spring 2016 and lowest concentration 0.208 μg /L in well W7 in summer 2016. While means concentrations of nickel ranged between 0.445 μg /L in well W1 in winter 2016 and lowest concentration 0.055 μg /L in wellW8 in autumn 2015.Cadmium record its highest level 0.496 μg /L in well W3 in spring 2016 and lowest concentration 0.053 μg/L in well W8 in summer 2016.Results of this revealed that southern refineries have a major effects on ground water pollution in vicinity of oil fields by some hydrocarbons derived from those refineries

استخدام الاسماك الذهبية Carassius auratus كدلائل حيوية لتلوث هور الحمار في البصرة

Author name: هدى حسن خربيط الخيون
Supervisor name: اياد حنتوش داود الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تركيز بعض ملوثات الهواء في بعض المناطق الصناعية والحضرية من محافظة البصرة العراق == Concentration of some air pollutant in some industrial and urban areas from the province of Basrah - Iraq

Author name: معتز حكمت عثمان
Supervisor name: نايف محسن عزيز
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted, from October 2013 to September 2014, aimed to identify the temporal and spatial variations of air pollutants in stationary sites included Basrah oil refinery and southern gas company in addition to sources included intersections traffic in Basrah province (Alkzizah, Tigari and Jazaier streets).The results showed that in Basrah oil refinery the CO and SO2 concentration were less than the national and World Health Organization standards, while NOX were higher than the national and global standards reached 1ppm.The second site, which is southern gas company was as follows : CO gas was less than the national and global standards as well as NOX, while SO 2 was higher than the national and global standards reached 0.63 ppm.For intersections traffic sites (intersections)the results was as follows : CO was less than the national and global standards, while NOX was higher than the national and global standards reached 2.75ppm as well as SO2 at all intersections reached 0.65 ppm.Ambient air quality was recorded through the seasons of the year using the accurate measurement devices in various study sites of the province of Basrah. The results were indicated that the concentration of all the gases rate was higher in the winter than those recorded in summer due to the difference in climatic conditions, especially wind speed and direction, air temperature and moisture.The results showed a temporal and spatial variations in concentrations of studied air pollutants in ambient air interchanges traffic roads within the province of Basrah centerdue to difference in the rush hours , the activities of the various rights in traveling or shopping as well as the routine jobs procedure of the official working hours.The study showed variation in the concentrations of total suspended particles and black carbon among studied traffic intersection recorded highest concentration of black carbon at Quzaizah amounted to 27 μg/ m3 As the TSP recorded less concentrations 392 μg/ m3. But at the intersection of Tijari Street has concentrations of black carbon amounted to 11.3 μg/ m3 ,As for particles recorded 412 μg/ m3, either at the intersection of Jazair Street was recorded black carbon of 16.2 μg/ m3, As for particles amounted to 420 μg/ m3.All intersections have exceeded the global limitations of particles amounted of 150 μg/ m3 and local of 350 μg/ m3It can be concluded from the current study that the province of Basrah are polluted by air pollutant NOX gas in Basrah oil refinery and SO2 in the site Southern gas company NOX and SO2 at all intersections traffic sites located within the current study.

واقع التلوث بالمركبات الهيدروكابونية في المياة والرواسب وبعض الاحياء المائية في مهر الكحلاء محافظة ميسان / العراق == The Status of Hydrocarbon Compounds Pollution of Water, Sediments and Some Aquatic Biota in Al - Kahlaa River - Missan Province /Iraq

Author name: صالح حسن جازع
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن يوسف العضب | حامج طالب السعد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was performed to have knowledge of hydrocarbon compounds pollution status in the water (dissolved and particulate fractions),sediments ,two species of aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum and Paspalum pespaioides) ,two species of fishes(Liza abu and Carassius auratus) and one species of molluscs (Pseudodantopsis euphraticus) .The samples were collected monthly for the period November 2012 to October 2013 from four different stations ) Al - Magideh, Treatment unit, Al - Husaichi and Al - Zubair) distributed along Al - Kahlaa River in Missan province , in addition to Reference station lies on the Tigris River before entering Amara district about 25 Km .The sampling's months were divided into four typical seasons although this is incompatible with Iraq climate.As well as measures of some ecological parameters (water and air temperatures ,pH ,turbidity, electrical conductivity ,dissolved oxygen , biological oxygen demand BOD5 and total suspended solid) which ranged between 22 and 42 C˚ , 18 and 31 C˚ , 6.9 and 7.82 , 42 and 172 NTU , 12 and 118 μS/cm , 4.66 and 9.25 mg/l , 1.46 and 5.04mg/l ,33 and 108 mg/l respectively .In addition to that the Organic Matter(OM) and the texture were measured in the sediment samples. OM values ranged between 0.078 and 0.927% , whereas the percentage of the texture was ( 15 %clay, 71% silt and 14% sand),(31 %clay, 63% silt and 6% sand), (33 %clay, 57% silt and 10% sand) , (40 %clay, 47% silt and 13% sand) and (18 %clay, 55% silt and 27% sand) in Al - Magideh, Treatment unit , Al - Husaichi , Al - Zubair and Reference stations respectively .The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)were measured by using spectrofluorometer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in dissolved fraction ranged between 1.36 μg/l in Reference station and 13.87 μg/l in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,and in particulate fraction between 2.69 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 29.92 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,while in sediments they ranged between 3.16μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 135.18 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in C. demersum ranged between 5 μg/g dry weight during winter and 58.97 μg/g dry weight during summer , while in P. pespaioides between 3.18 μg/g dry weight during winter and 43.44 μg/g dry weight during summer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in L. abu ranged between 4.81 μg/g dry weight during spring and 37.3 μg/g dry weight during summer ,while in C. auratus between 2.51 μg/g dry weight during spring and 29.303 μg/g dry weight during autumn . Concentrations ofbtotal petroleum hydrocarbons in P. euphraticus ranged between 5.98 μg/g dry weight during spring and 119.75 μg/g dry weight during summer .The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and n - alkanes were determined in the laboratories of Nihran Omer (South Oil Company in Basrah province ) ,using Gas Chromatography.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged between 0.027μg/l in Reference station and 0.192 μg/l in Al - Husiachi station during winter and between 0.016 μg/l in Reference station and 0.039 μg/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and for particulate fraction between 0.108 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 2.096 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during winter and between 0.101 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 0.160 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer ,while in sediments they ranged between 4.491 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 51.32 μg/g dry weight Treatment unit station during winter and between 2.31 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 19.31 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer.The range of carbon chain length of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged from C8 to C34 and in particulate fraction from C15 to C34 distributed in two patterns ,the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C19,C21,C23 and C25 odd carbon number of and C18,C20,C22 and C24 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C26 to C35 predominated by C27 and C29 odd carbon number and C26,C28 and C30 even carbon number.In sediments they ranged from C14 to C35 and distributed in two patterns, the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C17,C19 and C21 odd carbon number and C18,C20 and C22 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C24 to C35 with predominance of C31and C33 odd carbon number and from C24 to C34 even carbon number.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in C. demersum ranged between 6.467 μg/g dry weight during spring and 59.483 μg/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 34.7 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.6 μg/g dry weight during summer .The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in plants chain length ranged from C15 to C35 with bimodal from C15 to C27and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 odd carbon number and C18 to C24 even carbon number in the first one ,whereas in the second the dominance compounds were from C29 toC33 for odd carbon number and from C26 to C32 even carbon number.cTotal concentrations of n - alkanes in muscles of L. abu ranged between 14.60 μg/g dry weight during winter and 73.15 μg/g dry weight during summer and C. auratus between 34.76 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.61 μg/g dry weight during summer . The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in fish muscles chain length ranged from C16 to C35 with bimodal from C16 to C25 and C26 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 and C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C27 to C33 and from C26 to C34 for the second. These reflected nutrition nature for these kinds of fishes which depend on algae ,phytoplankton ,zooplankton ,diatoms ,insects and crustacean . While in the mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 95.16μg/g dry weight during spring and 220.36 μg/g dry weight during summer. The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in P. euphraticus chain length ranged from C14 to C35 with bimodal from C14 to C27 and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C21 and from C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C29 to C33 and from C30 to C34 for the second.The values of Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and pristane to phytane ratio was calculated to know the hydrocarbon compounds source in water ,sediments and biota of Al - Kahlaa River ,since the CPI value ranged between 0.142 and 1.314 in dissolved fraction and between 0.045 and 2.193 in particulate fraction , 0.160 and 1.872 in sediments,1.075 and 8.638 in plants , 0.285 and 1.537 in fishes and between 0.354 and 4.457 in mollusc .Whereas the values of pristane to phytane ranged between not detected and 1.579 in dissolved fraction , not detected and 0.601 in particulate fraction , 0.447 and 3.008 in sediments, not detected and 0.821 in plants , not detected and 2.176 in fishes and between 0.822 and 1.347 in mollusc .These indicate that there are two sources of hydrocarbon compound in water ,sediments and biota ,biogenic from living organisms and anthropogenic from domestic ,industrial and petroleum pollutants except in plants .Total concentrations of PAHs in dissolved fraction varied from 0.739 ng/l in Reference station to1.974 ng/l in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 0.300 ng/l in Reference station to1.125 ng/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and in the particulate fraction they varied from 0.79 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 24.42 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 4.369 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to10.545 ng/g dry weight in Al - Husaich during summer ,while in sediments they varied from 4.906 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 35.479 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 2.391 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 25.886 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during summer.It had been noticed that there were a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs on low molecular weight PAHs ,while Benzo(a)dAnthracene/(Benzo(a)Anthracene+ Chrysene) BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio ranged from 0.218 to 0.804 in water and 0.520 to 0.66 in sediments. The Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene /(Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene + Benzo(ghi)perylene) InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between not detected and 0.578 in water and between not detected and 0.681 in sediments .The Fluoranthene/ Pyrene (Fl/Py)ratio ranged between 0.150 and 2.47 in water and between 0.10 and 8.490 in sediments ,this give an indication of the source of PAHs compounds in water and sediments which were mainly pyrogenic and few from them petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in C. demersum ranged between 24.124 ng/g dry weight during winter and 87.289 ng/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 1.616 ng/g dry weight durig winter and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during summer .The Lower Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Higher Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ratio ranged between 0.006 and 0.009 in C. demersum and between 0.008 and 0.103 in P. pespaioides. TheBaA/(BaA+Chr)ratio ranged from 0.995 to 0.997 in C. demersum and 0.756 to 0.995 in P. pespaioides. The InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between 0.342 and 0.807 in C. demersum and between 0.19 and 0.645 in P. paspaloides . The Fl/Py ratio ranged between 0.096 and 0.988 in C. demersum and between 0.018 and 5.018 in P. pespaioides. These indicate that the sources of PAHs in these plants were both pyrogenic and petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in muscles of L. abu ranged between 2.301 and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively and in C. auratus between 1.095 and 8.675 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively ,whereas in mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 1.86 and 6.88 ng/g dry weight during spring and summer respectively. According to ratios of Low Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(LPAHs) to High Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPAHs), BaA/(BaA+Chr), InP/(InP+BghiP) and Fl/Py ,they certainly reflected that the PAHs sources in fishes and mollusk are pyrogenic as a main sources and petrogenic as a small part .Also results of this study revealed the presence of seasonal and spatial variations in concentrations of TPHs ,n - alkanes and PAHs in water ,sediments and aquatic biota from Al - Kahlaa River ,the highest concentrations were recorded during winter whereas the lowest during summer ,also the highest values of these compounds were recorded in Treatment unit station in comparison with other stations.

تقييم تلوث الهواء باستعمال دليل نوعية الهواء AQI ودليل التحول APTI لبعض المواقع المختارة في محافظة البصرة == Assessment of air pollution using AQI and APTI indices in selected locations of Basra governorate

Author name: شيماء هشام شهاب الدين
Supervisor name: نايف محسن عزيز
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study has been done for period from December to January 2015 including five station in three replicate for each station distributed in Basra Province (Al - Qurna district ,city center - Ashar ,Altenuma, and Zubair as well as region which is called Abu Al Khaseb , it is chosen as a control station for being agricultural area. The samples have been collected monthly for evaluating the parentage of gas pollution concentration (CO2,CO,NOx,SO2 and TSP) . The concentration of gas is measured by using gas analyzer device and the mount of particles in the air is measured by PDR - 1200. And black carbon ( BC) was measured by using Aethalometer . AQI was using for air quality for knowing the quality of surrounding air . Maps are drawn which show the spreading pollutants in Basra Province during the season by using GIS program . it is clear that there was differences concentration rates of pollutant gases in Basra province, the seasonally difference for gases pollutant proved that in Winter recorded high value for gases CO2, CO which reached 258.62 ppm for CO2 and 7.19 ppm for CO while in summer it is register the high value for NOx and SO2 which reached 0.406ppm for NOx and 0.319 for SO2 while TSP recorded difference reach high concentration 323.54 μg/m3 during Spring .While ,there is no difference has been recorded for black carbon in Autumn and Winter where as high concentration reached 25000 ng/m3 .The yearly difference in Al ashar shows that the highest for CO2 and CO during the period of studying followed by Al - Qurna recorded the highest concentration for NOx and SO2 while al - Zubair station recorded the highest concentration for TSP . Abu al Khaseb station recorded the lowest concentration for all gases and TSP because nature of the region which is formed from farms with lack of human activity .according to AQI which is use to measuringBthe air quality which shows the status of air and the degree of pollution , seasonally it is the highest rang for moderate in yellow color in Abu Khaseb station to unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color in both al Zubair and Altenuma station where as al Qurna station recorded red color for unhealthy and in Al Ashar station they are record very unhealthy in purple color .while AQI for annually difference for the stations of study for unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color for all stations except Abu Khaseb station , these groups are considered by negative affection human being health .Biochemical analysis has been done for leaves of plants that are spreading in the study area for knowing the effect of pollutants on biochemical indicators .The study included three kinds of plants which are phoenix dactylifera , ziziphus sp. And conocarpus lancifolius . Biochemical analysis test included total chlorophyll , water content, ascorbic acid and pH .the total chlorophyll estimated by using UV - spectrophotometer ,while ascorbic acid was estimated by using gas chromatography . The results shows significant different among leaves for different plants species in different study stations , the Date palm trees phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest concentration for total chlorophyll with the comparison with other plants. The seasonally differences show that lowest concentration of total chlorophyll in Winter reached 2.11 mg/g .The ascorbic acid recorded highest value in Winter reached 1.41 mg/ g and the water content rate of less recorded value in Spring reached %59.26 with no differences are recorded in the rest of the seasons . pH was recorded the highest rang in Winter reached 7.53.Ziziphus sp. recorded the lowest content of total chlorophyll for Winter reached 1.87 mg/ g and ascorbic acid recorded the highest value in Winter 1.31 mg/ g . whereas there was no significant different in water content in all seasons .pH recorded the high rang 6.64 in Winter , there were no significant in the rest of the season .Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the lowest value of total chlorophyll comparison with the other plants .while the lowest value for total chlorophyll recorded 1.42 mg/g in Winter . Ascorbic acid reached the highest concentration 1.31 mg/ g in Winter , while the water content recorded the lowest value in Winter 36 .88 % . While pH recorded 5.80 the lowest value in Winter.According to the biochemical analysis for plants for getting the value APTI for knowing the ability of tolerance of plants for air pollution which reflects the capability of the plants to tolerance of air pollution . The result of the study shows that Phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest value 7.36 in Al ashar station where as there are no significant recorded among the other station . Ziziphus sp. recorded the highest value 6.41 in al - Qurna station followed by al - Ashar station 6.07 whereas the other station did not recorded any significant . It has been noticed that Conocarpus lancifolius shows that lowest value of APTI which reached 3.91 in Al Zubair station and there were significant differences among the other stations.APTI was used for getting the value of Anticipated Pollution Index (API) which estimating biological characteristic and the economic value for plants. The results of API showed that the plants in Basra province Phoenix dactylifera recorded the value 6 and it was in excellent category. Ziziphus sp. recorded as poor plants recorded the value 2 . while Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the value 1 category as very poor plants.it has been noticed from values of APTI and API for phoenix dactylifera makes it typical plants as bioindicator and reducing the pollution .It is concluded for the current study that there are variation quantity and quality for gases and obvious spread for it is concentration of polluted gases and particles in air of the study stations in Basra. It was found that Phoenix dactylifera is a typical plants for using as bioindicator and reducing the air pollution .

تاثير التلوث البيئي على بعض النباتات النامية في مناطق ملوثة بالعناصر الثقيلة في محافظة نينوى == The Effect of Environmental Pollution On Some Plants Growing In Polluted Sites By Heavy Metals In The Province of Nenivah

Author name: حسين صابر محمد علي الراشدي
Supervisor name: يحيى داؤد وهب المشهداني | خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في جامعة الموصل / كلية التربية /قسم علوم الحياة، لتحديد بعض المناطق الملوثة بالعناصر الثقيلة (Cu, Zn, Cd) في محافظة نينوى، وتاثيرها على النمو والقيمة الغذائية وتراكمها في الاجزاء المختلفة للانواع النباتية المختلفة المزروعة في هذه المواقع | this study is conducted in the University of Mosul - College of Education department of biology to identify some of the areas polluted with heavy metals (cu, zn, cd) in the Province of Nineveh, and their effect upon the growth and the nutrition value and its accumulation within the different planted species in these areas. Furthermore, the effect of soil treatment with cadmium, zinc, and copper have been studied with different concentration on the physiology growth and response and the nutritious value of the safflower, fenugreek, coriander, and flares and its ability to accumulate the heavy metals in its different parts as a technique of treating polluted soil with heavy elements through plants.The results showed that the upper Maximum recorded value of cadmium and copper in the soil of Hawi ALkanisa area reached 1.509, 15.900 mg/kg soil respectively and zinc in the soil of Hamam Alaleel area which reached 181.470 mg/kg.The most polluted area with heavy metals was Hawi ALkanisa, Alshora, Hamam Alaleel and Aldanadan in comparison with the other areas and this affected negatively on the growth and nutrient value of vegetables (Malva sylvestris, Beta vulgaris, Apium graveolens, Menthae piperitae, Raphanus saltivus, and Lepidium sativum) planted within these area where it had been noticed the decrease of these plants growth and its neutrinos value with respect to plants content of nutritious mineral elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, and sodium with concentration of proteins and carbohydrate and the occurring of an increase in the concentrations of heavy metals (cu, zn, cd) in the different plant parts in comparison with the growing plants in other less polluted areas.It became clear that the most resistant plants to the effects of these elements was the Raphanus sativus which belongs to the plant family Cruciferae known of its role in removing and treating polluted soil with heavy metals.The study in the plastic greenhouse showed that soil treatment with cadmium within concentrations (1, 2, 3) mg/kg and with zinc in concentrations (150, 300, 450) mg/kg and with copper in concentrations (50, 100, 150) mg/kg of soil caused decreasing the growth of safflower, fenugreek, coriander, and flares plants, and decreasing its protein, carbohydrate, and potassium concentration in the different plant parts. Moreover, it caused increasing peroxidaes and Superoxide dismutase enzymes in the Shoot and increasing heavy metals concentration in the different plant (the Shoot and Root group and grains)of the four plants.Also increasing these elements concentration was directly proportional with increase concentration in soil, and the study showed that the most tolerant plants for elements effect was safflower in comparison with the other plants.

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية == Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

Author name: حيدر مشكور حسين
Supervisor name: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

التحري عن عدد من المعادن الثقيلة والتلوث البكتيري في بعض الخضروات المعلبة والطازجة المستوردة في مدينة بغداد == Determination of Several Heavy Metals And Bacterial Contamination In Some Imported Canned And Fresh Vegetables In Baghdad

Author name: حسين خالد نعمان
Supervisor name: ايثار كامل الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم اخذ ستة وثلاثين عينة من الخضروات المعلبة وخمس عينات من الخضروات الطازجة, وتجميعها من مناطق واسواق مختلفة من مدينة بغداد بشكل عشوائي خلال الفترة من شهر تشرين الاول 2013 الى شهر نيسان, 2014 حيث تضمنت الدراسة التحري عن تراكير بعض العناصر الثقيلة وهي (الرص | In this study, thirty six samples of canned vegetables and five samples of fresh vegetables were collected randomly from different markets of Baghdad city from October 2013 till April 2014. The study included determining of the concentration of some heavy metals (lead, nickel, zinc and iron) by atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the bacterial contamination in samples, also comparing the canned vegetables with fresh vegetables. It was found that the higher concentrations of heavy metals in canned vegetables as the following : lead 1.179 µg/g in olive, nickel 0.908 µg/g in olive, zinc 10.143 µg/g green pea and iron 90.601µg/g in white asparagus. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead 0.002 µg/g in green asparagus, nickel 0.019 µg/g in mushroom, zinc 0.528 µg/g in white asparagus and iron 4.061 µg/g in green pea. In fresh vegetables, it was found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were as follows : lead 0.919 µg/g in green pea, nickel 1.108 µg/g in green pea, zinc 4.304 µg/g in mushroom and iron 43.618 µg/g in tomato. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead recorded 0.011 µg/g in tomato, nickel recorded 0.022 µg/g in tomato, zinc 0.876 µg/g in green pea and iron recorded 11.081 µg/g in green pea. The identification of the bacteria done by some identification tests for gram negative bacteria, the testes include growth on MacConkey agar, growth on EMB agar, IMViC testes and motility test. The identification tests for Gram positive bacteria included growth on manitol salt agar, growth on staph 110 agar and motility test. The bacterial tests ensured that there is no bacterial growth was detected in the canned vegetables, except some samples (white asparagus, green asparagus and mushroom) of December 2013, while it was detected in fresh vegetables. The bacterial species that isolated in these samples were E.coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

دراسة تاثير النفط الخام وهايدروكسيد الامونيوم على بعض صفات الترب ونمو نبات الشعير الابيض == Study The Effect of Crude Oil And Ammonium Hydroxide On Some Characteristics of Soils And Plant Growth of Barley White

Author name: براء محمد ابراهيم
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: شمل البحث دراسة انتشار المخلفات النفطية وهايدروكسيد الامونيوم في مقاطع لاربعة ترب مختلفة النسجة وهي التربة (المزيجية الرملية، المزيجية الغرينية، المزيجية الطينية 1، والمزيجية الطينية 2)؛ اجريت التجربة باستخدام صندوق مصنوع من الخشب الغير منفذ للماء؛ اذ قسم | Research involved studying the spread of oil residues and hydroxide ammonium in excerpts of four soils of different Texture, the soil (sand, gypsum, Loam, and clay); experiment was carried out using a box made of wood and non - port of the water; it was divided into four sections with barriers, wooden supported tin galvanized to ensure that Waste oil spread between the different types of soils, left central Hole made of tin and galvanized perforated and lined with container made of filter paper. Container filled with waste oil and allowed to seep into sections of the four soils through the holes, where waste oil was allowed to spread for 45 days, after which a series of analyzes were conducted to look for oil residue in the soil sections of the experiment. Then added ammonium hydroxide liquid substance in the central Jura and left for 45 days also were conducted after a series of analyzes to determine the changes and the effects on the soil material and components; was also white barley cultivation, After two months of growth, a set of analyzes were conducted Hordeun vulgare Barley and whose scientific name to find out the impact of oil on the chemical characteristics and uptake of heavy metals.Results were recorded the highest prevalence rate of the waste by 218.5 ppm in the Loam soil in depth 15 cm, while the lowest in the clay soil at the depth of 45 cm 44.8 ppm, while in the sandy soil did not happen the spread in the depths of 15 cm and 30 cm; also recorded the highest connectivity Power in the Loam soil 5.37 Micro Smenz / cm and recorded clay soil less connectivity, electric 1.81 Micro Smenz / cm; and when measuring the pH was recorded sandy soil 8.3, while they recorded the soil gypsum 7.5 As for the relative humidity in the soil recorded soil Loam the highest percentage is 93.55% in while the lowest percentage recorded in the soil moisture gypsum 57.90%. Were measured concentration of heavy metals such as cobalt, where the highest concentration in sandy soils 15.40 ppm while the lowest concentration him in the clay soil 7.10 ppm; and cadmium, where the highest concentration in soil gypsum 58.10 ppm in return was the lowest concentration of cadmium 14.60 part million in the clay soil; and when measured the highest concentration of lead found in the soil has Loam reaching 122.80 ppm was the lowest concentration of lead in soil clay 71.90 ppm.Reached the highest value of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants grown in clay soils (3.21, 2.96) Eq ml / g, respectively, while the highest concentration of phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium in the soil clay (5.6, 15.9, 2.9, 16.4, 20.1, 46) ppm, respectively;As for the heavy elements (chromium, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and iron) have the highest concentrations in plants grown in soil gypsum, as was (0.98, 0.24, 0.70, 0.31, 14) ppm.While the lowest value for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants grown in sandy soil (1.62, 1.24) Eq ml / g, while the lowest concentration of elements (phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, calcium and potassium) in plants grown in sandy soil reaching (4.2, 4.1, 1.2, 5.9, 1.2, 12.2) ppm, the lowest concentrations of heavy elements were recorded in the sandy soil as well as the (0.03, 0.12, 0.20, 0.20, 8.3) ppm.

دراسة تاثير مياه مجاري سامراء على نوعية المياه في نهر دجلة == A Study On The Effect of Samarra Sewage Water On The Quality of Water In Tigris River

Author name: افراح طعمة خلف مطر البدري
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي | ياسين حسين عويد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة اختيار خمس محطات اربعة منها على نهر دجلة المار بمدينة سامراء بعد جسر سامراء والمحطة الخامسة والتي تمثل رقم 2 على مياه مجاري سامراء قبل ان تصب في مياه نهر دجلة.وقد تم اخذ العينات للمدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2010 حتى نهاية شهر ايلول 2011 وقد | The study included chosen five stations for water sampleing, four of them at Tigris river while the fifth station was chosen at samara sewage before meeting with Tigris river.Samples were collected monthly started from October 2010 until the end of September 2011. The study included the study of some physical, chemical and biological characteristics for river water and sewage and noticed the effects of sewage water on quality of these water in Tigris River, these characteristics clued in air , water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solid, Total Suspseneded solid, dissolved oxygen(Do), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness, chloride, alkalinity, nutrients concerteration, ( phosphate, nitrate) in addition the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria.Water Temperature ranged through out the study ranged between (5° - 35°), while air temperature ranged between(5° - 38°) , Electrical Conductivity in the river ranged between (280 - 1480) mc/cm, where in sewage the electrical conductivity ranged between(1200 - 2180) mc/cm, while pH value tened to be slightly alkaline, it show very close value where ranged between(5.3 - 8.8). It was noticed that the pH value tened to be slightly acidic from January to August 2011. The results also show that the water were in good airation where the value of dissolved oxygen ranged between (3 - 10) mg/L in station one and stations five while the value of dissolved oxygen in stations two and three range between (2 - 6.5) mg/L.The result also showed that the concentration of total suspended solids ranged between(20 - 798) mg/L. where it has high value in April in all stations, this propably due to increase of discharge of the river which accompanied by suspended solid, while the dissolved solids in all station range between (250 - 1470) mg/L.The highest value recorded were, 1470 mg/ L on May 2011in station two.The value of total hardness for Tigris river ranged between hard to very hard(125 - 360) mgCaCO3/L in station one, four and five, whereas its value in stations two and three ranged between (200 - 925) mg/L. Calcium ion which is the cause of calcium hardness was higher than magnesium cencenrteration which is responsible of magnesium hardness, where calcium hardness ranged between (75 - 587.5) mg/ l and magnesium hardness ranged between (5 - 500) mg/l. chloride concentration ranged between (8 - 127.5) mg/l in all station, chloride cencetration in stations one, two, and five were in the allowable wnorld limit(8.5 - 68) mg/l. Alkalinity results showed that it related to carbonate and bicarbonate, and its ranged between (110 - 900) mg/l.While phosphate value ranged between(0.0106 - 1.999) µg atom - PO4/L, the lowest values were recorded in Tigris river, While the high value recorded in sewage station two, while nitrate value were fluctuated in all stations but the high value recorded in the second station is ranged between (0.0103 - 1.140) µg atom NO3/l. Result of microbiological study shown that there is high number of bacteria the average of total count of bacteria were(39.7×105، 17.31×105، 267× 105، 3.17 ×105، 0.0531×105) cell/ ml for all stations respectively, so it has been suggested that the water in Tigris river considered as polluted to very polluted while the resulty of Coliform bacteria were very high and the average number for all stations respectively as follows (209 × 105, 9809×105 , 25× 105, 1×105, 0.004×105 ( cell /ml According to these result the water is not suitable for direct drinking.Statistical analysis for most factors studied show significant differences between station one and station two and between station one and station three as well in stations four and five and there is no significant differences between station two and station three.

تقييم نوعية المياة الصناعية ووحدات المعالجة لمعمل النسيج القطني في الكاظمية == Evaluation of The Industrial Wstewater And Treatment In Al - Kadhimia Cotton Weaving Industry

Author name: اسيل حسين محمد السعداوي
Supervisor name: سهير ازهر الكاظمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study includes two axis, the first one determined the physical and chemical characteristics for several concentrations of industrial wastewater of cotton textile factory, that located in Al - Kadhmiya, which are disposable to the main assembly in the treatment unit (first unit) of the factory ; Also the final water quality was evaluated after the treatment in the fourth unite and compared with normal environmental averages (or compared with acceptable limits for discharged.The second axis of this study assessed the efficiency of the physical and chemical treatments in the third unit, and also the biological treatments in the fourth unit through detecting the removal percentage for each stage of the treatment to evaluated the treatment unit efficiency of this factory. Samples were collected from four treatment units for six month, single sample was collected per two weeks.The (local, field) tests were assessed for the collected samples including (Temperature, PH, DO and EC, while the laboratory tests included TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, So4 - 2 and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr).The results showed that the temperature values were with (normal range) acceptable limits (22.3C?) in the first unit and (19.8C?) in the fourth unit; PH values also were within normal limits in the almost treatment units (neutral), however, the electrical conductivity average was 3123?c/cm in the first unit, and 1101 ?c/cm in the fourth unit ; Moreover, the average values of COD were 580 mg/L in the first unit and 163 mg/L in the fourth unit. The removal percentage was 41% in the primary sedimentation in thesecond unit while it was 36% in the third unit for biological treatment.The BOD values were 487 and 302 mg /L in the first and fourth unit respectively ; the removal rates were 27% and 29% for primary sedimentation stage and biological treatment respectively and these rates are acceptable for normal limits.In general, the final treatment concentration was 302 mg/L in the fourth unit which is normal environmental rang, and also BOD concentration was not exceeded the environmental limits in the final stage of the treatment while the total percentage dissolved salts were 37% and 22% for the third unit which are normal in comparison to the Iraqi limits after the treatment for the fourth unit (703mg/L). Furthermore, the results of suspended solids found that the removal percentage was 76% for the second unit and 43%for the third unit while the total concentration of the last treatment was 61mg/L which is with normal limits, also the concentration of lipids of oils and grease was 0.8 mg/L for the fourth unit, while the removal percentage was efficient for the primary sedimentation and biological treatment. The heavy metals concentraitions were now with water and the main assembly tank and this was within normal environmental limits.

دراسة معالجة مياه الفضلات لمصافي بيجي وامكانية استخدامها كمياه لري بعض الخضر == Study of Wastewater Treatment For Baiji Refinery And The Possibility of Using It As Water Some Verdures

Author name: مريم عدنان ابراهيم
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم بندر النعيمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في قسم علوم الحياة - كلية التربية - جامعة تكريت من شهر تشرين الثاني 2010 الى شهر تموز 2011 ? وكان هدف الدراسة هو معرفة بعض الصفات الفيزياوية والكيمياوية للمياه المطروحة من شركة مصافي الشمال/بيجي وامكانية استخدامها لري بعض المحاصيل الزراعية ب | This study was conducted at the Department of Biology in the College of Education - University of Tikrit. The study aims at estimating some physical and chemical characteristics of water raised from the North Refineries Company / Baiji and can be used to irrigate some crops after treatment with a number of physical methods. It also aimed at estimating some heavy elements and their impact on the growth of plants that have been studied (tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, hot pepper). The region from which samples have been brought of the area was Albu Juwaree village that is located in the city of Baiji and adjacent to the company. Besides, it occurs near wide agricultural areas. After estimating some physical and chemical characteristics of water, soil, and the proportion of oil waste, qualities of plants were studied as well as the assessment of (carbohydrates, proteins) and some of the heavy elements and their effects on the growth of those plants.The results showed that the water of industrial waste led to a reduction in the proportion and natural growth of plants. The most affected seeds were the seeds of sweet pepper, where the total percentage of germination was(0%) when infected %)100) and the least affected seeds were the seeds of tomato, where the total percentage of germination seeds was (80%) when water is contaminated (100%). The treatment by filtering has achieved the best germination of seeds of tomato and sweet pepper, where the ratio was (100%). It turned out that contaminated water has prevented the natural growth of those plants in respect to the number and the size of leaves, the length of roots and the weight of fresh and dry leaves. The methods of physical treatment showed that lightening (25%, 50%, 75%) made to the contaminated water led to the removal of the significant effects, especially when lightening was (75%).The results indicate that there is no significant differences in the lengths of the roots of tomatoes and eggplants, except for the root of hot and sweet pepper.While the heavy elements, which was part of the study in this research, beginning with cadmium was at its highest value at the treatment by filtering and less value in (100%). Through the study it was found that the percentage of lead in all studied plants were (0.00) ppm. The Results showed that the contaminated water led to the reduction of the proportion of carbohydrates with the increase of pollution(%100), where the least proportion of carbohydrates was at the treatment by filtering. The results also showed a decrease in protein concentration with the least proportion at lightening and less value in. (25%)The results showed that the water content of contaminated industrial heavy metals studied (cadmium - lead - copper - zinc - nickel) has decreased at all treatment when treated by filtering, as well as for the remaining elements, except lead, which was (0.00) in all plants and all lightening ratios.The results of this study show that treatment of contaminated water with industrial oil waste by physical methods led to minimizing the negative impacts of such water in reducing the percentage of germination and the reduction below the natural growth compared with non - treatment water and showed that the best way of treatment for the best growth of plants were lightening with (75%) and treatment by filtering. The best response to the treatment was tomato and the most resistant to pollution were (tomato and eggplant) and the most affected by contamination and least resistant was sweet pepper.

معالجة مطروحات مياه فضلات الصرف الصحي لمدينة تكريت باستخدام تقنية المجففات الحرارية الدواره واعادة استخدامها كاسمدة عضوية == Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Effluent of Tikrit City Using Thermal Rotating Dryer Technique And Reuse As Organic Fertilizers

Author name: هالة ارشد علي حسين
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مختبرات كليتي التربية والعلوم - جامعة تكريت للفترة من نيسان 2010 لغاية شباط 2011 تتضمن الدراسة معالجة الحماة الناتجة عن حوض التجميع الابتدائي باستخدام تقنية المجففات الحرارية الدوارة للعمل على ازاحة ماء الحماة والتي تمثل اصعب العمليات الت | This study was conducted at a period from April 2010 to February 2011, to treat the sludge produced from collection tank at tikrit domestic wastewater plant, using thermal rotating dryer technique(T.R.D) or dewatering the sludge.This process represents one of the difficult applied process for the sludge treatment. This technique considered a modern technique in this field.Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the manufactured sludge were determined and compared with organic fertilizers (I.O.F) imported from republic of Estonia (Available in local markets).T.R.D technique induced dewatering of the treated sludge at ratio48.5 - 61.5% and producing highly sterilized organic fertilizers which was free of pathogenic organisms(bacteria, worms and eggs) with high chemical characteristics comparing with those imported from Estonia. Manufactured organic fertilizers M.O.Fs have allow acidity pH ranged between 7.5 - 7.7 ,. electrical conductivity at range 1630 - 1873, organic matter at ratio 4.56 - 5.35%, with a moderate concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn.The concentration of N and K was 1.8, 5.96% respectively while the concentration of phosphorus are 350 ppm. Three levels of M.O.Fs were used for corn plants(5, 10 and 20ton/acres). Results showed that all these levels significantly induced increasing for some physiological and morphological characteristics of corn plants compared with those treated by I.O.Fs or control plants. The vegetative dry weight of corn plants fertilized by M.O.Fs were 23.95gm/plant compared with 16.3 and 5.3 gm/plant for plants fertilized by I.O.Fs and control respectively. (M.O.Fs) induced significant increase in nitrogen concentration compared with plants fertilized by I.O.F and control while the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn were not affected by using of M.O.Fs on the other hand Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were contributed in reducing and removing some of pollutants from the sludge at three incubation periods (30, 60 and 90 day). These two species caused significant decrease in pH and EC of the sludge, P. aeruginosas showed the highest removing ratio of nitrogen (93.1%). The cooperation of the two species caused high removing ratio for the Total organic carbon(87.72%) at 60 days and organic materials (90.68%) at 90 days of incubation also showed high removing ratio for phosphors 100%) at 90 days of in cubation.) These two species also caused high removing ratio for pb, Cd and Zn at30 days and P. aeruginosa was more effective in removing Pb, Cd and Zn from the sludge then E. coli.

دراسة بيئية وحياتية للمجتمع السمكي في نهر الفرات/ وسط العراق == Ecological and Biological Study of fish Community in Euphrates River / Middle of Iraq

Author name: ماهر محمد خضيري
Supervisor name: ميسون مهدي صالح الطائي | مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في نهر الفرات عند سدة الهندية خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2012 لغاية ايلول 2013 لغرض دراسة بيئة وحياتية المجتمع السمكي، وتم اختيار موقعين، يقع الموقع الاول في شمال سدة الهندية، ويقع الموقع الثاني في جنوب سدة الهندية، وتضمنت الدراسة تاث | The Present study was carried out on the Euphrates River during the period from October 2012 to September 2013 to study ecology and biology of fish community in the river, two study sites were chosen the first one was in the north and the second one was in the south of Al - Hindiya dam.The study was included the effects of some physical, chemical factors of water and Al - Hindiya dam on ecological and biological of fish population as well as measurement of the concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases of water and in the tissue of three types of freshwater fish that was high dominance in three age groups. Study of the number of species, individuals, Total of weight of individual. Some ecological indices were study as index of Relative abundance, Species Richness index and Shanon wiener index for determining the evaluate of biodiversity of fish. Also Jaccared index of similarity was used to explain the similarity between sites of study and among months. Constant index was used to determine the constancy of taxa. Biological study of this of three fish that have high dominance from the side of food, age, growth, sex ratio, gonado somatic index and length - weight relationships. Air temperature and water temperature were ranged in two study sites between (15 - 43.8) C? and (10 - 29) C? respectively, pH values were between (7.6 - 8.6), Water current velocity values were between (0.14 - 0.72) m/sec, light penetration values were between (27.3 - 193.3) cm, the value of electrical conductivity were between (822 - 1323) ? sem/cm , Total dissolved solid values were between (663.3 - 932) mg/L, while The total suspended solid were between (0.009 - 0.23) mg/L and the values of dissolved oxygen were ranged between (6.13 - 10.33) mg/L.The biological oxygen demand were recorded values that range between (0.68 - 4.3) mg/L. . The water of Euphrates river were considered slight alkaline according to the results of present study and ranged between (33.33 - 164.3) mg CaCO3/L and the water were very hard according to high values record for total hardness (391.6 - 886.6) mg CaCO3 /L, while the values of calcium and magnesium hardness were ranged between (86.1 - 188.4), (19.8 - 138) mg CaCO3/L respectively.The values of phosphate were ranged between (0.51 - 13.12) ?g/L and Nitrate values were ranged between (6.23 - 70.17) ?g/L, while the values of nitrite were ranged between (0.17 - 4.98) ?g/L. in especially, the effects of Al - Hindiya dam, the results were showed that numbers of species before and after of Al - Hindiya dam were ranged between (23 - 17) species respectively. the results were showed positive and negative correlation between physical, chemical properties of water and Heavy metals with number of species, individuals, weights and Biodiversity indices. This study showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) of the dissolved phase in water were (2.14, 1.61, 3.10, 7.63) ?g/L respectively and in the particulate phase were (33.99 112.87، 84.21، 21.12،) ?g/g dry weight respectively, the results of present study were showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water in dissolved and particulate phases within local and world limitations. The heavy metals in muscular tissue for three groups of this fish were ordered in as following : Zn >Mn > Pb > Cd. Twenty - three fish species were collected, (17) of them belonged to Cyprinidae family and two species belonged Bagridae family while only one species represented each family of Mugilidae, Siluridae, Mastacembelidae, Cichlidae, the number of species were ranged during the period of study between (5 - 18), The total number of individuals was 2401 individual and the number of individual were ranged monthly between (129 - 276) individual, while the total weight of individuals were 232868 gm during the period of study and The weight of individuals were ranged monthly between (13072 - 29598) gm. Carassius auratus wae recorded with the highest percentage in number and weight as 35.2% and 27.5% respectively. while A.vorax was after C.auratus in total number 13.6%, but it was after C.auratus and C.carpio in total weight 16.9% of the total individual weight. The values of species richness index were ranged between (0.79 - 3.23) and numerical of shanon wiener index values (Hn) were ranged between (1.26 - 2.39), while the weight of shanon wiener index value (Hb) were ranged between (1.21 - 2.35). the numerical and weight of eveness index (Jn) were ranged between (0.65 - 0.86), (0.68 - 0.89) respectively during the period of study. Jaccared similarity index were ranged between (23% - 92%). And the study was revealed that the most species recorded during the period of study were constant species according to constancy index. C. carpio fish were Omniovorous and It's feeding activity was ranged between (70% - 91.42%) and feeding intensity was (6.9 - 12.17) degree/fish.while C. auratus were detritious, It's feeding activity was ranged between (56.75% - 94.28%) and feeding intensity was (6.91 - 12.87) degree/fish. A. vorax were carnivorous and It's feeding activity values were ranged between (69.2% - 90.32%), while feeding intensity values were ranged between (6.85 - 13.03) degree/fish. The results was showed the values of age and length for C. carpio that ranged between (1 - 5) years, (9.7 - 40.2) cm , and C. auratus were ranged between (1 - 6) years, (8.3 - 28) cm, while A.vorax were ranged between (1 - 7) years, (10 - 62) cm respectively. Sex ratio and gonado - somatic index (GSI) varied between the three species, sex ratio of C.carpio (male : female) was 1 : 3.1. (GSI) for male was ranged between (2.21 - 12.02) and for female between (3.36 - 19.36).The sex ratio of C. auratus male : female was 1 : 1.9, GSI values for male was ranged between (0.89 - 8.53) and for females between (1.23 - 61.37). A.vorax sex ratio male : female 1 : 1.5, GSI value for male and female were ranged between (0.36 - 2.84) and (0.24 - 5.83) respectively.Variation of values of slope factor (b) were calculated from length - weight relationships for three species of fish, the values of (b) factor for C.carpio, C.auratus and A. vorax (3.08, 2.97, 2.92) respectively during the period of study

دراسة بيئية للطحالب الهائمة والملتصقة على النباتات المائية في نهر العباسية/ وسط العراق == An Ecological Study of Phytoplankton And Epiphytic Algae On Aquatic Macrophyta In Al - Abbasiya River/Middle of Iraq

Author name: شيماء جبار هادي الجحيشي
Supervisor name: احمد عبيس مطر | جاسم محمد سلمان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية شهريا في اربعة مواقع على نهر العباسية وسط العراق للمدة من اذار 2012 الى شباط 2013، شملت الدراسة قياس بعض الصفات الفيزياوية والكيميائية لمياه النهر ودراسة الصفات النوعية والكمية لمجتمع الطحالب الهائمة (Phytoplankton) والطحالب الملتصقة | The present study was conducted monthly at four sites that located at Al - Abbasiya River middle of Iraq, for the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013 including studying some physiochemical properties of water and quantitative and qualitative of phytoplankton and epiphytic algae on aquatic macrophyta by selecting five species of aquatic plants : Phragmites australis Cav., Typha domengensis per., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Potomogeton pectinatus L. and Myrophyllum verticillatum L. Results also showed that, the air temperature ranged between 10.0 to 45.3 C?, while, the water temperature was 6.3 to 33.0 C?. Transparency values ranged between 0.29 to 3.06 m, while, the current velocity was 60 - 730 cm/ sec. The study also revealed that the pH was limited at the period of study ranged 6.97 to 9.13. Electrical conductivity and salinity were about 163.33 to 1157 ?s. cm and 3.68 to 23.0 0 ‰, respectively. Total dissolved solids values were about 277 mg/L to 900g/L. Total suspended solids values ranged between 0.09 - 37.0 mg/l. Results showed that, slightly alkaline at and bicarbonate ions prevailed, total alkalinity was 42 to 810 mg /L. Dissolved Oxygen values were 1.83 to 12.33 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand was 1.4 to 8.0 mg/L, water hardness value in the studied sites ranged between 60 to 2000 mg CaCO3/L., While, calcium concentrations was 86.84 to 1783.0 mg CaCO3/L. and Magnesium concentrations was 6.70 to 268.66 mg CaCO3/L. Reactive phosphate concentrations in this study produced values ` ranged from 0.01 to 5.06 mg /L, and Nitrite concentrations ranged between nill to 5.20 mg /L, Nitrate concentration ranged between 0.09 to 6.47 mg /L. 199 species were recorded as total species number of phytoplankton at the period of study that, belong to Diatoms algae consisting of 61.30% : 88 species which belong to Pennales and 34 species for centrales, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta that were 42 and 21 species, respectively. Pyrrophyta 1, Euglenophyta 2, Rhodophyta 2, Pheophyta 5, Chrysophyta 5 species. Bacillariophyta gave the highest total number was 9303 × 104 to 1074 × 104 cell / L of fresh weight that was recorded at site 1 during April , 2012 and May, 2012, while, others algae 9823× 104cell/L in site 3 in July, 2012 compared to 1036 × 104cell/l at site 4 in April, 2012 for the total phytoplankton population density. Site 1 was the most divers sites with numerous number of species of algae, reaching the number of 66 genera and 85 species. while, the least number of species at site 3 were 65 genera and 70 species. April and October, 2012 have the most total cell numbers available for diatoms and non - diatoms algae. Nitzschia palea ; N.commnis and N. kutzingiana were the highest abundance of species showed an average of 46.80% of the overall phytoplankton sampled. Nitzschia was followed by Ankistrdesmus falcatus (25.53%) and Anabaena cylindrica (17.02%).There were some species present in all sites during the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013 i.e. Anabaena cylindrical, Dimorphococcus lanatus, Draparnaldia judayi, Euastrum dubium, Pilayella littoralis, Chrysoamoeba radiansklebs, Melosira distance, Stephanopyxis turris, Amphora ovalis, Cocconeis placentula, Gomphonema augur, G.tenuirostrum, Semiorbis sp and Pinularia biceps. Epiphytic algae types were diagnosed during the study of 256 species within 8 division. Bacillariophyta division was the dominate reaching 172 species composed to 67.18% of the total number, most of them belong to Pennales with 140 species that was more than Centrales 32 species, Chlorophyta 47 species form 18.35%, Cyanophyta 22 species form 8.59% and Chrysophyta and Pheophyta 5 species for both formed 1.95% , Euglenophyta and Rhodophyta 2 species for both formed 0.78% and Pyrrophyta algae that represented by one species and one genus. The highest genera number during the study period were Cymatopleura, Eunotia, Nitizschia, Cymbella and Gomphonema. Numbers of epiphytic algae varied in months and sites due to the host plants. The highest total number was 31039 ×104 cell/ L of fresh weight was recorded at site 1 during April, 2012 on leaves of Ceratophyllum demersum plant, while, the lowest total number was103×104cell/L of fresh weight which was recorded at site. 2 during June, 2012 on shoot of Potomogeton pectinatus. Many species of epiphytic algae were different among the study sites; the highest number was 148 species in Ceratophyllum demersum recorded 93 species on the shoot and 110 species on the leaves, while, the lowest number was 148 species on P. pectinatus recorded 36 on the root 36 and 52 species on the shoot and 60 species on the leaves. The result of study confirm that some of epiphytic algae were found at the most plant parts and different hosts, such as Anabaena cylindrical A. diolum, Lyngba aestuarii, Microcystis aeruginosa, Cosmacladium tubetculatum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Palmodictyon, Mougeeotia, Pithophora oedogonia. Results showed that, some species favor some parts of host plant e.g Anabaena cylindrica was the most dominated on the Myrophyllum verticillatum and P.australis.Schizothrix tinctoria was dominated on the shoot of Phragmites australis while, algae Nostic linkia dominated on the shoot of Typha domengensis. Algae Ankistrodesmum falcatus, Pyramimonas tetrarhnchus ; Tetraspora cylindrical were dominated on the shoot of Potomogeton pectinatus. There were only seven diatom taxa common encountered on all plant part e.g. Cyclotella bodanicavar var. michiganensis on the shoot of Myrophyllum verticillatum. Fragilaraia capucina var. mesolepta, Cocconeis placentula and Achanthes affinis were dominated on the shoot of Phragmites australis, it was also found that, Navicula miniscula present on leaves of Potomogeton pectinatus and Ceratophyllum verticillatum. Algae N. notha and N. odioas were found on Myrophyllum verticillatum leaves. Ten species were recorded for the first time at this study in Iraq from phytoplankton and epiphytic algae from the period of March, 2012 to February, 2013 : one species of Cyanophyta epiphytic algae Anacystis nidulans ;one species of chlorophyta epiphytic Trentepohlia aurea ; four species of phytoplankton Bacillariophyta centrales : Melosira jurgensi; M. undulata ; Stephanopyxis turris ; Thalassiosira anguste - lineata ; T.decipiens and four species of epiphytic Baciliariophyta pennales : Achanthes flexella; Amphora bullatoides ; Asterionella formosa ; Navicula notha.Five diversity indices : relative abundance, Species richness; Shanon - Weiner diversity ; Jaccard similarity index and Sorinson similarity index were calculated in this study. Relative abundance index for phytoplankton was 44.5 at site 3 in April, 2012 while, epiphytic algae recorded the highest value was 91.6 on the shoot of C.demersum at site 1 in February, 2013 ; on the roots and leaves of T.domengensis in sites 2 and 3 were 66.6 in March, 2012 and 36.36 in June, 2012 on the leaves the same of plant. The highest value of species richness of phytoplankton was 21.9 at site 3 in April , 2012while, for epiphytic algae was 18.3 on the leaves of M.verticillatum and 9.0 on shoot of P.pectinatus at site 4 in March, 2012; on the leaves of C.desmersmum was 12.3 at site 2 ; on the shoot of M.verticillatum plant was the highest value at site 1 on May and June, 2012, while, on leaves and shoot of P. australis plants was the highest value in May and July, 2012 at site 2 and on root of P. australis and shoot of P. pectinatus at site 4 on August, 2012and February, 2013 at site 3, respectively. Results cleared a similarity with high value of Jaccard and Sorenson indices ranged between 3.2 to 50.0 and 55.87 to 153.21 respectively, while, the value of Shanon - wiener diversity index was ranged between 0 - 18.3 as high value which were 4.6 of M. verticillatum plant leaves at site 1 for May and June, 2012 and at low value during the period of study at sites 2, 3 and 4 for most plant parts. A statistical analysis was done using the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).

دراسة عدد من ملوثات الهواء وتاثيراتها البيئية في منطقتين مختارة من جانب الرصافة في بغداد == Study of Several Air Pollutants And Their Environmental Effects In Two Regions In Al - Rusafa Site In Baghdad

Author name: شيماء هادي حمادي الدليمي
Supervisor name: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Several air pollutant concentrations such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), carbon oxides (COx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) and some heavy metals such as lead (Pb) , chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Were measured in selected areas of the Rusafa in Baghdad, Anda’lus square (as a commercial site) and Wazeria district (as industrial site).The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants from gases, SPM (NO2, CO, SO2, and SPM) and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were exceeded globally and locally permissible limits in both study sites, while the concentration of O3, CO2 were within the globally and locally standard limits in both study sites. Commercial site had recorded higher concentrations of (CO2, SPM, Pb) than those of industrial site. While the industrial site had more pollution with (NO, NO2, CO, CH4, Cr). Results showed a relationship between climate factors and air pollutants, where windspeed, temperature, and relative humidity had influenced on the concentration of air pollutants.Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) to nitrogen dioxide gas was identified, by exposing a community of 30 adult male mice. The mice weights were between 23 - 31gm and their age was 8 - 12 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 male of each group). The exposure periods were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 minutes using different concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm.The results showed a higher mortality during 150 and 200 ppm concentrations, for exposure periods of 80 and 100 minutes, but other concentrations have not been recorded. LC50 was calculated 161.86 ppm for 80 minutes and 110.53 ppm for 100 minutes.

دراسة التاثيرات الحادة والمزمنة للمبيد العشبي - 4, 2 دايكلوروفينوكسي اسيتك اسد في نوعين من اسماك الكارب == Study The Acute And Chronic Effects of The Herbicide 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid In Two Species of Carp Fish

Author name: ضحى زكي السويفي
Supervisor name: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التاثيرات السمية الحادة والمزمنة لمبيد 2, 4 - d في نوعين من اسماك الكارب (الاعتيادي والعشبي)، استعمل في دراسة التاثيرات الحادة عدة لكلا النوعين قيد الدراسة وكانت ((170, 165, 160, 155, 145, 140, 130 و(140, 130, 115, 95, 70)ملغم/لتر ع | This study included acute and chronic effects of 2, 4 - d pesticide in two species of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella) using several concentrations for the two carp fish species that were (130, 140, 145, 155, 160, 165, 170) and (70, 95, 115, 130, 140) mg/l respectively for 96 hours, to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the behavioral changes was used as a standard of those effects. Whereas three concentrations (20, 40 and 60) and (10, 15, 25) mg/l respectively for the two carp species were used in the chronic exposure for six weeks. The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe these effects through the study period. The value of LC50 for common carp fish were 157.77, 157.25, 156.41 and 152.62 mg/l. For grass carp, LC50 were 115.92, 114.92, 112.94 and 96.52 mg/l for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs of exposure to 2, 4 - d pesticide concentrations respectively.Behavioral changes were recorded more effects in high concentrations than in low concentrations. To discover the toxic effects of this substance on fish, many parameters were used. They included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swam near the water surface. While in chronic effects, blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V., Haemoglobin Hb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P?0.001) and exposure periods (P?0.05) in comparison with control. The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common and grass carp fish after chronic exposure to 2, 4 - d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, blood congestion, epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney.

التحري عن نوعية مياه الشرب لمحطتي معالجة مياه الحي والبشائر في محافظة واسط جنوبي العراق == Investigation of Drinking Water Quality In Al - Haay And Al - Bashaar Water Treatment Plants In Wasit Province Southern Iraq

Author name: وسام باسم محمد التميمي
Supervisor name: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: م اجراء فحوصات فيزيائية وكيميائية واحيائية لمياه الشرب في محطتي الحي والبشائر وعدد من المناطق التي تغذيها, شهريا للمدة من تشرين الاول 2013 الى شهر تموز 2014, عبر مراحل التصفية وصولا الى المنازل التي تقع على مسافات مختلفة عن مصدر التجهيز وبواقع نموذجين لكل | Physical, chemical and a biological tests were carried out and drinking water samples were collected from AL - Haay and AL - Bashaer water treatment plants and number of residential areas fed by these plants for period extended from October 2013 to July 2014, through the purification stages up to residential sites at different areas situated with various distances from the supplying source, two samples were taken monthly. Air temperature at sampling time was varied from 16°C to 42°C and from 10°C to 34°C, for water temperature at sampling time also. The results of pH values were within the allowable limits, ranging from 7.1in autumn to 8.1 in summer. For EC, the highest value recorded for raw water was in winter with 1338 µs/cm, while the lowest value was in spring with 920 µs/cm. The highest value recorded for drinking water was again in winter with 1330 µs/cm, and the lowest value was 910µs/cm in spring also. The highest value of turbidity recorded for raw water was in winter with 89 NTU and the lowest value was in spring with 26 NTU, while the highest mean value recorded for drinking water was 20 NTU again in winter and the lowest value was 1 NTU in spring. The study showed that the results of TDS values ware ranged from 622 mg/L in spring to 1024mg/L in winter. The highest value of residual chlorine was recorded in summer with 4.5 mg/L; the lowest value was zero mg/L in some of the farthest points of the plants. For sulfates, values were ranged from 289 mg/L in spring to 498.4 mg/L in winter. All the recorded values of chlorides ions for all water samples were within the allowable limits, its values ranged from 98mg/L in summer to156.3 mg/L in winter. For total hardness, the values were exceeding 500mg/L and allowable limits for Iraqi standard criteria. The highest value recorded for raw water was in winter with 520 mg/L and the lowest value was in summer with 351 mg/L, while the highest value recorded for drinking water was again in winter with 516mg/L and the lowest value was 337 mg/L in summer also. For calcium values ranged from 75 mg/L in summer to 135 mg/L in winter. The results of this study showed high levels of lead, cadmium and aluminum in most water samples which collected during study period compared with those that exceeded the acceptable limits provided from the quality control unit and which are considered to have adverse effects on health. For lead, values were found to vary from 0.0030 mg/l in summer to 0.16 mg/l in winter (higher acceptable limits is 0.01 mg/L). While in case of cadmium the values lied between 0.0014 mg/l in winter and 0.015 mg/l in summer (higher acceptable range is 0.0030). However, for aluminum these data were ranged from 0.0062 mg/l in raw water during spring to 0.29 mg/l in drinking water during spring also (higher acceptable range is 0.2). The current results showed an increased in the number of autotrophic bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, and E. coli during winter season in most study locations as compared to those of the other seasons for both water plants raw and drinking water while the FS values were less than those of other bacterial types for both water plants. The Total plat count results of drinking water were exceed 100 cell/ml, the allowable limit for drinking water, for some samples of both water plants. on the other hand, the TC, FC and E. coli exceeded zero cell/100ml, the allowable limits for drinking water, in many drinking water samples for both water plants

تاثير مياه المجاري المحليه على نوعية مياه نهر الغراف في مدينة الحي == Effect Of Domestic Sewage On Water Quality Of Al-Gharraf River In Al- Haay City

Author name: وسام ثامر جبار المياح
Supervisor name: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تقدير مخاطر تعرض العمال لعدد من العناصر الثقيلة في الشركة العامة للصناعات الكهربائية == Assessment The Impacts Of Several Heavy Metals Upon Workers In GCIE

Author name: دعاء عدي علي القريشي
Supervisor name: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

فاعلية بعض النباتات المائية في معالجة مياه الفضلات الصناعية لمعمل نسيج الحلة == Effectivness of Some Aquatic plants in treatment of Industrial Waste water of Hilla Textile

Author name: رغد ثائر علي هادي وتوت
Supervisor name: میسون مھدي صالح الطائي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
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التحري عن بعض المبيدات العضوية المكلورة وعلاقتها ببعض العوامل البيئية في مياه ورواسب وبعض احياء نهر الفرات/وسط العراق == Investigation of Some Organochlorine Pesticides and Their Relationship with Some Environmental Properties in Water, Sediment and Some Biota of Euphrates River/Midd. of Iraq

Author name: اميرة عمران حسين الجنابي
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد سلمان الشمري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
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مياه فضلات مدينة اربيل على نوعية مياه نهر الزاب الاعلى، ومخاطر استخدامها للري == The Effect Of Erbil City Wastewater Discharge On Water Quality Of Greater Zab River, And The Risks Of Irrigation

Author name: يحيى احمد شيخه
Supervisor name: جمال كامل العبايجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
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الامتزاز الحياتي للنيكل في مياه الفضلة الصناعية بوساطة نوعين من البكتريا == Biosorption of nickel from industrial wastewater by two bacterial species

Author name: حيدر سلمان عويد الوائلي
Supervisor name: شهاب احمد سلمان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تقييم كفائة معالجات المخلفت النفطية لمصفى نفط البصرة وتاثيراتها المحتملة في قناة شط البصرة - العراق

Author name: امل علي صبار
Supervisor name: نايف محسن عزيز
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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