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دراسة لنوعية المياه وتركيز الهيدروكربونات النفطية وبعض العناصر النزرة في المياه الجوفية للابار القريبة من مصافي الجنوب في منطقة الشعيبة - البصرة جنوب العراق == Study Water Quality and Concentration of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Some Trace Elements in Groundwater of Wells Near South Refineries in Al - Shiaba region - Basrah, Southern Iraq

اسم المؤلف: بثينة مهدي يونس
اسم المشرف: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية العلوم
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was carried out to determine the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons in two phases dissolved and suspended in water, and Water Quality, in addition to three trace metals nickel Ni, lead Pb and cadmium Cd were determined in the groundwater, in eight wells. Six wells from W1 to W6 close to the source of pollution about half kilometer to three kilometer and two wells (w7 - w8) were far with in12.5Km from the mentioned source pollution area (well control).Wells were located on surrounding southern refineries (Al - hiaba ) - Zubair - Basra in southern Iraq .Water samples were collected seasonally from autumn 2015 to summer 2016.The present study including, the measurements of some environmental factors, water and air temperatures , salinity, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved soluble solids (TDS), pH , dissolved oxygen , total hardness and chloride ions .Results were ranged between ,( 19.5 - 48.8) ºC ( 25.0 - 29.3) ºC , (4.35 - 10.95) mg∕L, (5.01 - 11.45) mS ∕cm , (1.110 - 6.803) NTU , (3206 - 7328) mg∕L (7.05 - 8.72) , (1.35 - 12.25) mg ∕L ,(1275 - 4200) mg ∕L and ( 1560 - 5416) mg∕L respectively .Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined using spectroflurometer . Results showed that concentrations of means TPHs as dissolved fraction in water were in all wells highest in spring 2016 than winter then autumn 2015, while less concentration recorded was during summer 2016.The highest mean concentration was 35.91 μg /L in well W1 in a spring 2016 while lowest value 0.73μg/L in well W7 in summer 2016 . Results of highest means concentrations of TPHs particular fraction in water were 137.39 μg /g dry weight in well W1 in spring 2016 and lower means concentrations of TPHs particular fraction 9.89 μg /g dry weight in well W8 summer 2016. Sixteen compounds of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) were identified in water (dissolved and particulate fractions ) during spring 2016 using a liquid Chromatograph high performance (HPLC). The total concentrations of dissolved PAHs in water ranged between the highest concentration 7205 ng∕L in well W1, and lowest concentration 39.1 ng∕L in well W8 ,the highest concentration of Phenanthrene compound in well W1 was 3472 ng∕L and lower concentration for Benzo(a) Pyrene compound was 0.37 ng∕L in well W8,was the more dominate PAHs compound in dissolved phase recorded Benzo(b)Fluranthene .The total concentrations of PAHs particular fraction ranged between the highest concentration 9334 μg /g dry weight in well W1, while lowest concentration 370 μg /g dry weight in well W8.The more dominant PAHs compound as particular fraction Fluorene in spring season ,were compound Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene has a highest concentration 6689 ng∕g dry weight in well W3 and the to west concentration compound was Benzo(a)anthracene ng∕g in well W8. Results recorded highest concentration of lead 0.933 μg /L in well W1 in spring 2016 and lowest concentration 0.208 μg /L in well W7 in summer 2016. While means concentrations of nickel ranged between 0.445 μg /L in well W1 in winter 2016 and lowest concentration 0.055 μg /L in wellW8 in autumn 2015.Cadmium record its highest level 0.496 μg /L in well W3 in spring 2016 and lowest concentration 0.053 μg/L in well W8 in summer 2016.Results of this revealed that southern refineries have a major effects on ground water pollution in vicinity of oil fields by some hydrocarbons derived from those refineries

استخدام الاسماك الذهبية Carassius auratus كدلائل حيوية لتلوث هور الحمار في البصرة

اسم المؤلف: هدى حسن خربيط الخيون
اسم المشرف: اياد حنتوش داود الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تركيز بعض ملوثات الهواء في بعض المناطق الصناعية والحضرية من محافظة البصرة العراق == Concentration of some air pollutant in some industrial and urban areas from the province of Basrah - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: معتز حكمت عثمان
اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted, from October 2013 to September 2014, aimed to identify the temporal and spatial variations of air pollutants in stationary sites included Basrah oil refinery and southern gas company in addition to sources included intersections traffic in Basrah province (Alkzizah, Tigari and Jazaier streets).The results showed that in Basrah oil refinery the CO and SO2 concentration were less than the national and World Health Organization standards, while NOX were higher than the national and global standards reached 1ppm.The second site, which is southern gas company was as follows : CO gas was less than the national and global standards as well as NOX, while SO 2 was higher than the national and global standards reached 0.63 ppm.For intersections traffic sites (intersections)the results was as follows : CO was less than the national and global standards, while NOX was higher than the national and global standards reached 2.75ppm as well as SO2 at all intersections reached 0.65 ppm.Ambient air quality was recorded through the seasons of the year using the accurate measurement devices in various study sites of the province of Basrah. The results were indicated that the concentration of all the gases rate was higher in the winter than those recorded in summer due to the difference in climatic conditions, especially wind speed and direction, air temperature and moisture.The results showed a temporal and spatial variations in concentrations of studied air pollutants in ambient air interchanges traffic roads within the province of Basrah centerdue to difference in the rush hours , the activities of the various rights in traveling or shopping as well as the routine jobs procedure of the official working hours.The study showed variation in the concentrations of total suspended particles and black carbon among studied traffic intersection recorded highest concentration of black carbon at Quzaizah amounted to 27 μg/ m3 As the TSP recorded less concentrations 392 μg/ m3. But at the intersection of Tijari Street has concentrations of black carbon amounted to 11.3 μg/ m3 ,As for particles recorded 412 μg/ m3, either at the intersection of Jazair Street was recorded black carbon of 16.2 μg/ m3, As for particles amounted to 420 μg/ m3.All intersections have exceeded the global limitations of particles amounted of 150 μg/ m3 and local of 350 μg/ m3It can be concluded from the current study that the province of Basrah are polluted by air pollutant NOX gas in Basrah oil refinery and SO2 in the site Southern gas company NOX and SO2 at all intersections traffic sites located within the current study.

واقع التلوث بالمركبات الهيدروكابونية في المياة والرواسب وبعض الاحياء المائية في مهر الكحلاء محافظة ميسان / العراق == The Status of Hydrocarbon Compounds Pollution of Water, Sediments and Some Aquatic Biota in Al - Kahlaa River - Missan Province /Iraq

اسم المؤلف: صالح حسن جازع
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسن يوسف العضب | حامج طالب السعد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was performed to have knowledge of hydrocarbon compounds pollution status in the water (dissolved and particulate fractions),sediments ,two species of aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum and Paspalum pespaioides) ,two species of fishes(Liza abu and Carassius auratus) and one species of molluscs (Pseudodantopsis euphraticus) .The samples were collected monthly for the period November 2012 to October 2013 from four different stations ) Al - Magideh, Treatment unit, Al - Husaichi and Al - Zubair) distributed along Al - Kahlaa River in Missan province , in addition to Reference station lies on the Tigris River before entering Amara district about 25 Km .The sampling's months were divided into four typical seasons although this is incompatible with Iraq climate.As well as measures of some ecological parameters (water and air temperatures ,pH ,turbidity, electrical conductivity ,dissolved oxygen , biological oxygen demand BOD5 and total suspended solid) which ranged between 22 and 42 C˚ , 18 and 31 C˚ , 6.9 and 7.82 , 42 and 172 NTU , 12 and 118 μS/cm , 4.66 and 9.25 mg/l , 1.46 and 5.04mg/l ,33 and 108 mg/l respectively .In addition to that the Organic Matter(OM) and the texture were measured in the sediment samples. OM values ranged between 0.078 and 0.927% , whereas the percentage of the texture was ( 15 %clay, 71% silt and 14% sand),(31 %clay, 63% silt and 6% sand), (33 %clay, 57% silt and 10% sand) , (40 %clay, 47% silt and 13% sand) and (18 %clay, 55% silt and 27% sand) in Al - Magideh, Treatment unit , Al - Husaichi , Al - Zubair and Reference stations respectively .The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)were measured by using spectrofluorometer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in dissolved fraction ranged between 1.36 μg/l in Reference station and 13.87 μg/l in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,and in particulate fraction between 2.69 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 29.92 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively ,while in sediments they ranged between 3.16μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 135.18 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer and winter respectively. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in C. demersum ranged between 5 μg/g dry weight during winter and 58.97 μg/g dry weight during summer , while in P. pespaioides between 3.18 μg/g dry weight during winter and 43.44 μg/g dry weight during summer. Concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in L. abu ranged between 4.81 μg/g dry weight during spring and 37.3 μg/g dry weight during summer ,while in C. auratus between 2.51 μg/g dry weight during spring and 29.303 μg/g dry weight during autumn . Concentrations ofbtotal petroleum hydrocarbons in P. euphraticus ranged between 5.98 μg/g dry weight during spring and 119.75 μg/g dry weight during summer .The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) and n - alkanes were determined in the laboratories of Nihran Omer (South Oil Company in Basrah province ) ,using Gas Chromatography.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged between 0.027μg/l in Reference station and 0.192 μg/l in Al - Husiachi station during winter and between 0.016 μg/l in Reference station and 0.039 μg/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and for particulate fraction between 0.108 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 2.096 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during winter and between 0.101 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 0.160 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer ,while in sediments they ranged between 4.491 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 51.32 μg/g dry weight Treatment unit station during winter and between 2.31 μg/g dry weight in Reference station and 19.31 μg/g dry weight in Treatment unit station during summer.The range of carbon chain length of n - alkanes in dissolved fraction ranged from C8 to C34 and in particulate fraction from C15 to C34 distributed in two patterns ,the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C19,C21,C23 and C25 odd carbon number of and C18,C20,C22 and C24 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C26 to C35 predominated by C27 and C29 odd carbon number and C26,C28 and C30 even carbon number.In sediments they ranged from C14 to C35 and distributed in two patterns, the first pattern included compounds between C8 and C25 with the abundance of C17,C19 and C21 odd carbon number and C18,C20 and C22 for even carbon number ,while the second pattern included compounds with the range from C24 to C35 with predominance of C31and C33 odd carbon number and from C24 to C34 even carbon number.Total concentrations of n - alkanes in C. demersum ranged between 6.467 μg/g dry weight during spring and 59.483 μg/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 34.7 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.6 μg/g dry weight during summer .The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in plants chain length ranged from C15 to C35 with bimodal from C15 to C27and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 odd carbon number and C18 to C24 even carbon number in the first one ,whereas in the second the dominance compounds were from C29 toC33 for odd carbon number and from C26 to C32 even carbon number.cTotal concentrations of n - alkanes in muscles of L. abu ranged between 14.60 μg/g dry weight during winter and 73.15 μg/g dry weight during summer and C. auratus between 34.76 μg/g dry weight during winter and 166.61 μg/g dry weight during summer . The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in fish muscles chain length ranged from C16 to C35 with bimodal from C16 to C25 and C26 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C25 and C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C27 to C33 and from C26 to C34 for the second. These reflected nutrition nature for these kinds of fishes which depend on algae ,phytoplankton ,zooplankton ,diatoms ,insects and crustacean . While in the mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 95.16μg/g dry weight during spring and 220.36 μg/g dry weight during summer. The distribution of n - alkanes compounds in P. euphraticus chain length ranged from C14 to C35 with bimodal from C14 to C27 and from C28 to C35 with predominance of C17 to C21 and from C18 to C24 for the first one ,and from C29 to C33 and from C30 to C34 for the second.The values of Carbon Preference Index (CPI) and pristane to phytane ratio was calculated to know the hydrocarbon compounds source in water ,sediments and biota of Al - Kahlaa River ,since the CPI value ranged between 0.142 and 1.314 in dissolved fraction and between 0.045 and 2.193 in particulate fraction , 0.160 and 1.872 in sediments,1.075 and 8.638 in plants , 0.285 and 1.537 in fishes and between 0.354 and 4.457 in mollusc .Whereas the values of pristane to phytane ranged between not detected and 1.579 in dissolved fraction , not detected and 0.601 in particulate fraction , 0.447 and 3.008 in sediments, not detected and 0.821 in plants , not detected and 2.176 in fishes and between 0.822 and 1.347 in mollusc .These indicate that there are two sources of hydrocarbon compound in water ,sediments and biota ,biogenic from living organisms and anthropogenic from domestic ,industrial and petroleum pollutants except in plants .Total concentrations of PAHs in dissolved fraction varied from 0.739 ng/l in Reference station to1.974 ng/l in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 0.300 ng/l in Reference station to1.125 ng/l in Treatment unit during summer ,and in the particulate fraction they varied from 0.79 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 24.42 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 4.369 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to10.545 ng/g dry weight in Al - Husaich during summer ,while in sediments they varied from 4.906 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 35.479 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during winter ,and from 2.391 ng/g dry weight in Reference station to 25.886 ng/g dry weight in Treatment unit during summer.It had been noticed that there were a predominance of high molecular weight PAHs on low molecular weight PAHs ,while Benzo(a)dAnthracene/(Benzo(a)Anthracene+ Chrysene) BaA/(BaA+Chr) ratio ranged from 0.218 to 0.804 in water and 0.520 to 0.66 in sediments. The Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene /(Indeno (1,2,3 - cd)pyrene + Benzo(ghi)perylene) InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between not detected and 0.578 in water and between not detected and 0.681 in sediments .The Fluoranthene/ Pyrene (Fl/Py)ratio ranged between 0.150 and 2.47 in water and between 0.10 and 8.490 in sediments ,this give an indication of the source of PAHs compounds in water and sediments which were mainly pyrogenic and few from them petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in C. demersum ranged between 24.124 ng/g dry weight during winter and 87.289 ng/g dry weight during summer ,whereas in P. pespaioides between 1.616 ng/g dry weight durig winter and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during summer .The Lower Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Higher Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ratio ranged between 0.006 and 0.009 in C. demersum and between 0.008 and 0.103 in P. pespaioides. TheBaA/(BaA+Chr)ratio ranged from 0.995 to 0.997 in C. demersum and 0.756 to 0.995 in P. pespaioides. The InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio ranged between 0.342 and 0.807 in C. demersum and between 0.19 and 0.645 in P. paspaloides . The Fl/Py ratio ranged between 0.096 and 0.988 in C. demersum and between 0.018 and 5.018 in P. pespaioides. These indicate that the sources of PAHs in these plants were both pyrogenic and petrogenic .Total concentrations of PAHs in muscles of L. abu ranged between 2.301 and 16.661 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively and in C. auratus between 1.095 and 8.675 ng/g dry weight during winter and summer respectively ,whereas in mollusc (P. euphraticus) ranged between 1.86 and 6.88 ng/g dry weight during spring and summer respectively. According to ratios of Low Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(LPAHs) to High Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPAHs), BaA/(BaA+Chr), InP/(InP+BghiP) and Fl/Py ,they certainly reflected that the PAHs sources in fishes and mollusk are pyrogenic as a main sources and petrogenic as a small part .Also results of this study revealed the presence of seasonal and spatial variations in concentrations of TPHs ,n - alkanes and PAHs in water ,sediments and aquatic biota from Al - Kahlaa River ,the highest concentrations were recorded during winter whereas the lowest during summer ,also the highest values of these compounds were recorded in Treatment unit station in comparison with other stations.

تقييم تلوث الهواء باستعمال دليل نوعية الهواء AQI ودليل التحول APTI لبعض المواقع المختارة في محافظة البصرة == Assessment of air pollution using AQI and APTI indices in selected locations of Basra governorate

اسم المؤلف: شيماء هشام شهاب الدين
اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study has been done for period from December to January 2015 including five station in three replicate for each station distributed in Basra Province (Al - Qurna district ,city center - Ashar ,Altenuma, and Zubair as well as region which is called Abu Al Khaseb , it is chosen as a control station for being agricultural area. The samples have been collected monthly for evaluating the parentage of gas pollution concentration (CO2,CO,NOx,SO2 and TSP) . The concentration of gas is measured by using gas analyzer device and the mount of particles in the air is measured by PDR - 1200. And black carbon ( BC) was measured by using Aethalometer . AQI was using for air quality for knowing the quality of surrounding air . Maps are drawn which show the spreading pollutants in Basra Province during the season by using GIS program . it is clear that there was differences concentration rates of pollutant gases in Basra province, the seasonally difference for gases pollutant proved that in Winter recorded high value for gases CO2, CO which reached 258.62 ppm for CO2 and 7.19 ppm for CO while in summer it is register the high value for NOx and SO2 which reached 0.406ppm for NOx and 0.319 for SO2 while TSP recorded difference reach high concentration 323.54 μg/m3 during Spring .While ,there is no difference has been recorded for black carbon in Autumn and Winter where as high concentration reached 25000 ng/m3 .The yearly difference in Al ashar shows that the highest for CO2 and CO during the period of studying followed by Al - Qurna recorded the highest concentration for NOx and SO2 while al - Zubair station recorded the highest concentration for TSP . Abu al Khaseb station recorded the lowest concentration for all gases and TSP because nature of the region which is formed from farms with lack of human activity .according to AQI which is use to measuringBthe air quality which shows the status of air and the degree of pollution , seasonally it is the highest rang for moderate in yellow color in Abu Khaseb station to unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color in both al Zubair and Altenuma station where as al Qurna station recorded red color for unhealthy and in Al Ashar station they are record very unhealthy in purple color .while AQI for annually difference for the stations of study for unhealthy for sensitive groups in orange color for all stations except Abu Khaseb station , these groups are considered by negative affection human being health .Biochemical analysis has been done for leaves of plants that are spreading in the study area for knowing the effect of pollutants on biochemical indicators .The study included three kinds of plants which are phoenix dactylifera , ziziphus sp. And conocarpus lancifolius . Biochemical analysis test included total chlorophyll , water content, ascorbic acid and pH .the total chlorophyll estimated by using UV - spectrophotometer ,while ascorbic acid was estimated by using gas chromatography . The results shows significant different among leaves for different plants species in different study stations , the Date palm trees phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest concentration for total chlorophyll with the comparison with other plants. The seasonally differences show that lowest concentration of total chlorophyll in Winter reached 2.11 mg/g .The ascorbic acid recorded highest value in Winter reached 1.41 mg/ g and the water content rate of less recorded value in Spring reached %59.26 with no differences are recorded in the rest of the seasons . pH was recorded the highest rang in Winter reached 7.53.Ziziphus sp. recorded the lowest content of total chlorophyll for Winter reached 1.87 mg/ g and ascorbic acid recorded the highest value in Winter 1.31 mg/ g . whereas there was no significant different in water content in all seasons .pH recorded the high rang 6.64 in Winter , there were no significant in the rest of the season .Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the lowest value of total chlorophyll comparison with the other plants .while the lowest value for total chlorophyll recorded 1.42 mg/g in Winter . Ascorbic acid reached the highest concentration 1.31 mg/ g in Winter , while the water content recorded the lowest value in Winter 36 .88 % . While pH recorded 5.80 the lowest value in Winter.According to the biochemical analysis for plants for getting the value APTI for knowing the ability of tolerance of plants for air pollution which reflects the capability of the plants to tolerance of air pollution . The result of the study shows that Phoenix dactylifera recorded the highest value 7.36 in Al ashar station where as there are no significant recorded among the other station . Ziziphus sp. recorded the highest value 6.41 in al - Qurna station followed by al - Ashar station 6.07 whereas the other station did not recorded any significant . It has been noticed that Conocarpus lancifolius shows that lowest value of APTI which reached 3.91 in Al Zubair station and there were significant differences among the other stations.APTI was used for getting the value of Anticipated Pollution Index (API) which estimating biological characteristic and the economic value for plants. The results of API showed that the plants in Basra province Phoenix dactylifera recorded the value 6 and it was in excellent category. Ziziphus sp. recorded as poor plants recorded the value 2 . while Conocarpus lancifolius recorded the value 1 category as very poor plants.it has been noticed from values of APTI and API for phoenix dactylifera makes it typical plants as bioindicator and reducing the pollution .It is concluded for the current study that there are variation quantity and quality for gases and obvious spread for it is concentration of polluted gases and particles in air of the study stations in Basra. It was found that Phoenix dactylifera is a typical plants for using as bioindicator and reducing the air pollution .

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية == Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

اسم المؤلف: حيدر مشكور حسين
اسم المشرف: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

التحري عن عدد من المعادن الثقيلة والتلوث البكتيري في بعض الخضروات المعلبة والطازجة المستوردة في مدينة بغداد == Determination of Several Heavy Metals And Bacterial Contamination In Some Imported Canned And Fresh Vegetables In Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: حسين خالد نعمان
اسم المشرف: ايثار كامل الميالي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تم اخذ ستة وثلاثين عينة من الخضروات المعلبة وخمس عينات من الخضروات الطازجة, وتجميعها من مناطق واسواق مختلفة من مدينة بغداد بشكل عشوائي خلال الفترة من شهر تشرين الاول 2013 الى شهر نيسان, 2014 حيث تضمنت الدراسة التحري عن تراكير بعض العناصر الثقيلة وهي (الرص | In this study, thirty six samples of canned vegetables and five samples of fresh vegetables were collected randomly from different markets of Baghdad city from October 2013 till April 2014. The study included determining of the concentration of some heavy metals (lead, nickel, zinc and iron) by atomic absorption spectrophotometery and the bacterial contamination in samples, also comparing the canned vegetables with fresh vegetables. It was found that the higher concentrations of heavy metals in canned vegetables as the following : lead 1.179 µg/g in olive, nickel 0.908 µg/g in olive, zinc 10.143 µg/g green pea and iron 90.601µg/g in white asparagus. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead 0.002 µg/g in green asparagus, nickel 0.019 µg/g in mushroom, zinc 0.528 µg/g in white asparagus and iron 4.061 µg/g in green pea. In fresh vegetables, it was found that the highest concentrations of heavy metals were as follows : lead 0.919 µg/g in green pea, nickel 1.108 µg/g in green pea, zinc 4.304 µg/g in mushroom and iron 43.618 µg/g in tomato. The lowest concentrations were as the following : lead recorded 0.011 µg/g in tomato, nickel recorded 0.022 µg/g in tomato, zinc 0.876 µg/g in green pea and iron recorded 11.081 µg/g in green pea. The identification of the bacteria done by some identification tests for gram negative bacteria, the testes include growth on MacConkey agar, growth on EMB agar, IMViC testes and motility test. The identification tests for Gram positive bacteria included growth on manitol salt agar, growth on staph 110 agar and motility test. The bacterial tests ensured that there is no bacterial growth was detected in the canned vegetables, except some samples (white asparagus, green asparagus and mushroom) of December 2013, while it was detected in fresh vegetables. The bacterial species that isolated in these samples were E.coli, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

تقييم نوعية المياة الصناعية ووحدات المعالجة لمعمل النسيج القطني في الكاظمية == Evaluation of The Industrial Wstewater And Treatment In Al - Kadhimia Cotton Weaving Industry

اسم المؤلف: اسيل حسين محمد السعداوي
اسم المشرف: سهير ازهر الكاظمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study includes two axis, the first one determined the physical and chemical characteristics for several concentrations of industrial wastewater of cotton textile factory, that located in Al - Kadhmiya, which are disposable to the main assembly in the treatment unit (first unit) of the factory ; Also the final water quality was evaluated after the treatment in the fourth unite and compared with normal environmental averages (or compared with acceptable limits for discharged.The second axis of this study assessed the efficiency of the physical and chemical treatments in the third unit, and also the biological treatments in the fourth unit through detecting the removal percentage for each stage of the treatment to evaluated the treatment unit efficiency of this factory. Samples were collected from four treatment units for six month, single sample was collected per two weeks.The (local, field) tests were assessed for the collected samples including (Temperature, PH, DO and EC, while the laboratory tests included TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, oil and grease, So4 - 2 and heavy metals such as Pb, Zn and Cr).The results showed that the temperature values were with (normal range) acceptable limits (22.3C?) in the first unit and (19.8C?) in the fourth unit; PH values also were within normal limits in the almost treatment units (neutral), however, the electrical conductivity average was 3123?c/cm in the first unit, and 1101 ?c/cm in the fourth unit ; Moreover, the average values of COD were 580 mg/L in the first unit and 163 mg/L in the fourth unit. The removal percentage was 41% in the primary sedimentation in thesecond unit while it was 36% in the third unit for biological treatment.The BOD values were 487 and 302 mg /L in the first and fourth unit respectively ; the removal rates were 27% and 29% for primary sedimentation stage and biological treatment respectively and these rates are acceptable for normal limits.In general, the final treatment concentration was 302 mg/L in the fourth unit which is normal environmental rang, and also BOD concentration was not exceeded the environmental limits in the final stage of the treatment while the total percentage dissolved salts were 37% and 22% for the third unit which are normal in comparison to the Iraqi limits after the treatment for the fourth unit (703mg/L). Furthermore, the results of suspended solids found that the removal percentage was 76% for the second unit and 43%for the third unit while the total concentration of the last treatment was 61mg/L which is with normal limits, also the concentration of lipids of oils and grease was 0.8 mg/L for the fourth unit, while the removal percentage was efficient for the primary sedimentation and biological treatment. The heavy metals concentraitions were now with water and the main assembly tank and this was within normal environmental limits.

دراسة بيئية وحياتية للمجتمع السمكي في نهر الفرات/ وسط العراق == Ecological and Biological Study of fish Community in Euphrates River / Middle of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ماهر محمد خضيري
اسم المشرف: ميسون مهدي صالح الطائي | مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في نهر الفرات عند سدة الهندية خلال المدة من تشرين الاول 2012 لغاية ايلول 2013 لغرض دراسة بيئة وحياتية المجتمع السمكي، وتم اختيار موقعين، يقع الموقع الاول في شمال سدة الهندية، ويقع الموقع الثاني في جنوب سدة الهندية، وتضمنت الدراسة تاث | The Present study was carried out on the Euphrates River during the period from October 2012 to September 2013 to study ecology and biology of fish community in the river, two study sites were chosen the first one was in the north and the second one was in the south of Al - Hindiya dam.The study was included the effects of some physical, chemical factors of water and Al - Hindiya dam on ecological and biological of fish population as well as measurement of the concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases of water and in the tissue of three types of freshwater fish that was high dominance in three age groups. Study of the number of species, individuals, Total of weight of individual. Some ecological indices were study as index of Relative abundance, Species Richness index and Shanon wiener index for determining the evaluate of biodiversity of fish. Also Jaccared index of similarity was used to explain the similarity between sites of study and among months. Constant index was used to determine the constancy of taxa. Biological study of this of three fish that have high dominance from the side of food, age, growth, sex ratio, gonado somatic index and length - weight relationships. Air temperature and water temperature were ranged in two study sites between (15 - 43.8) C? and (10 - 29) C? respectively, pH values were between (7.6 - 8.6), Water current velocity values were between (0.14 - 0.72) m/sec, light penetration values were between (27.3 - 193.3) cm, the value of electrical conductivity were between (822 - 1323) ? sem/cm , Total dissolved solid values were between (663.3 - 932) mg/L, while The total suspended solid were between (0.009 - 0.23) mg/L and the values of dissolved oxygen were ranged between (6.13 - 10.33) mg/L.The biological oxygen demand were recorded values that range between (0.68 - 4.3) mg/L. . The water of Euphrates river were considered slight alkaline according to the results of present study and ranged between (33.33 - 164.3) mg CaCO3/L and the water were very hard according to high values record for total hardness (391.6 - 886.6) mg CaCO3 /L, while the values of calcium and magnesium hardness were ranged between (86.1 - 188.4), (19.8 - 138) mg CaCO3/L respectively.The values of phosphate were ranged between (0.51 - 13.12) ?g/L and Nitrate values were ranged between (6.23 - 70.17) ?g/L, while the values of nitrite were ranged between (0.17 - 4.98) ?g/L. in especially, the effects of Al - Hindiya dam, the results were showed that numbers of species before and after of Al - Hindiya dam were ranged between (23 - 17) species respectively. the results were showed positive and negative correlation between physical, chemical properties of water and Heavy metals with number of species, individuals, weights and Biodiversity indices. This study showed that the mean concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn) of the dissolved phase in water were (2.14, 1.61, 3.10, 7.63) ?g/L respectively and in the particulate phase were (33.99 112.87، 84.21، 21.12،) ?g/g dry weight respectively, the results of present study were showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water in dissolved and particulate phases within local and world limitations. The heavy metals in muscular tissue for three groups of this fish were ordered in as following : Zn >Mn > Pb > Cd. Twenty - three fish species were collected, (17) of them belonged to Cyprinidae family and two species belonged Bagridae family while only one species represented each family of Mugilidae, Siluridae, Mastacembelidae, Cichlidae, the number of species were ranged during the period of study between (5 - 18), The total number of individuals was 2401 individual and the number of individual were ranged monthly between (129 - 276) individual, while the total weight of individuals were 232868 gm during the period of study and The weight of individuals were ranged monthly between (13072 - 29598) gm. Carassius auratus wae recorded with the highest percentage in number and weight as 35.2% and 27.5% respectively. while A.vorax was after C.auratus in total number 13.6%, but it was after C.auratus and C.carpio in total weight 16.9% of the total individual weight. The values of species richness index were ranged between (0.79 - 3.23) and numerical of shanon wiener index values (Hn) were ranged between (1.26 - 2.39), while the weight of shanon wiener index value (Hb) were ranged between (1.21 - 2.35). the numerical and weight of eveness index (Jn) were ranged between (0.65 - 0.86), (0.68 - 0.89) respectively during the period of study. Jaccared similarity index were ranged between (23% - 92%). And the study was revealed that the most species recorded during the period of study were constant species according to constancy index. C. carpio fish were Omniovorous and It's feeding activity was ranged between (70% - 91.42%) and feeding intensity was (6.9 - 12.17) degree/fish.while C. auratus were detritious, It's feeding activity was ranged between (56.75% - 94.28%) and feeding intensity was (6.91 - 12.87) degree/fish. A. vorax were carnivorous and It's feeding activity values were ranged between (69.2% - 90.32%), while feeding intensity values were ranged between (6.85 - 13.03) degree/fish. The results was showed the values of age and length for C. carpio that ranged between (1 - 5) years, (9.7 - 40.2) cm , and C. auratus were ranged between (1 - 6) years, (8.3 - 28) cm, while A.vorax were ranged between (1 - 7) years, (10 - 62) cm respectively. Sex ratio and gonado - somatic index (GSI) varied between the three species, sex ratio of C.carpio (male : female) was 1 : 3.1. (GSI) for male was ranged between (2.21 - 12.02) and for female between (3.36 - 19.36).The sex ratio of C. auratus male : female was 1 : 1.9, GSI values for male was ranged between (0.89 - 8.53) and for females between (1.23 - 61.37). A.vorax sex ratio male : female 1 : 1.5, GSI value for male and female were ranged between (0.36 - 2.84) and (0.24 - 5.83) respectively.Variation of values of slope factor (b) were calculated from length - weight relationships for three species of fish, the values of (b) factor for C.carpio, C.auratus and A. vorax (3.08, 2.97, 2.92) respectively during the period of study

دراسة بيئية للطحالب الهائمة والملتصقة على النباتات المائية في نهر العباسية/ وسط العراق == An Ecological Study of Phytoplankton And Epiphytic Algae On Aquatic Macrophyta In Al - Abbasiya River/Middle of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: شيماء جبار هادي الجحيشي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبيس مطر | جاسم محمد سلمان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية شهريا في اربعة مواقع على نهر العباسية وسط العراق للمدة من اذار 2012 الى شباط 2013، شملت الدراسة قياس بعض الصفات الفيزياوية والكيميائية لمياه النهر ودراسة الصفات النوعية والكمية لمجتمع الطحالب الهائمة (Phytoplankton) والطحالب الملتصقة | The present study was conducted monthly at four sites that located at Al - Abbasiya River middle of Iraq, for the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013 including studying some physiochemical properties of water and quantitative and qualitative of phytoplankton and epiphytic algae on aquatic macrophyta by selecting five species of aquatic plants : Phragmites australis Cav., Typha domengensis per., Ceratophyllum demersum L., Potomogeton pectinatus L. and Myrophyllum verticillatum L. Results also showed that, the air temperature ranged between 10.0 to 45.3 C?, while, the water temperature was 6.3 to 33.0 C?. Transparency values ranged between 0.29 to 3.06 m, while, the current velocity was 60 - 730 cm/ sec. The study also revealed that the pH was limited at the period of study ranged 6.97 to 9.13. Electrical conductivity and salinity were about 163.33 to 1157 ?s. cm and 3.68 to 23.0 0 ‰, respectively. Total dissolved solids values were about 277 mg/L to 900g/L. Total suspended solids values ranged between 0.09 - 37.0 mg/l. Results showed that, slightly alkaline at and bicarbonate ions prevailed, total alkalinity was 42 to 810 mg /L. Dissolved Oxygen values were 1.83 to 12.33 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand was 1.4 to 8.0 mg/L, water hardness value in the studied sites ranged between 60 to 2000 mg CaCO3/L., While, calcium concentrations was 86.84 to 1783.0 mg CaCO3/L. and Magnesium concentrations was 6.70 to 268.66 mg CaCO3/L. Reactive phosphate concentrations in this study produced values ` ranged from 0.01 to 5.06 mg /L, and Nitrite concentrations ranged between nill to 5.20 mg /L, Nitrate concentration ranged between 0.09 to 6.47 mg /L. 199 species were recorded as total species number of phytoplankton at the period of study that, belong to Diatoms algae consisting of 61.30% : 88 species which belong to Pennales and 34 species for centrales, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta that were 42 and 21 species, respectively. Pyrrophyta 1, Euglenophyta 2, Rhodophyta 2, Pheophyta 5, Chrysophyta 5 species. Bacillariophyta gave the highest total number was 9303 × 104 to 1074 × 104 cell / L of fresh weight that was recorded at site 1 during April , 2012 and May, 2012, while, others algae 9823× 104cell/L in site 3 in July, 2012 compared to 1036 × 104cell/l at site 4 in April, 2012 for the total phytoplankton population density. Site 1 was the most divers sites with numerous number of species of algae, reaching the number of 66 genera and 85 species. while, the least number of species at site 3 were 65 genera and 70 species. April and October, 2012 have the most total cell numbers available for diatoms and non - diatoms algae. Nitzschia palea ; N.commnis and N. kutzingiana were the highest abundance of species showed an average of 46.80% of the overall phytoplankton sampled. Nitzschia was followed by Ankistrdesmus falcatus (25.53%) and Anabaena cylindrica (17.02%).There were some species present in all sites during the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013 i.e. Anabaena cylindrical, Dimorphococcus lanatus, Draparnaldia judayi, Euastrum dubium, Pilayella littoralis, Chrysoamoeba radiansklebs, Melosira distance, Stephanopyxis turris, Amphora ovalis, Cocconeis placentula, Gomphonema augur, G.tenuirostrum, Semiorbis sp and Pinularia biceps. Epiphytic algae types were diagnosed during the study of 256 species within 8 division. Bacillariophyta division was the dominate reaching 172 species composed to 67.18% of the total number, most of them belong to Pennales with 140 species that was more than Centrales 32 species, Chlorophyta 47 species form 18.35%, Cyanophyta 22 species form 8.59% and Chrysophyta and Pheophyta 5 species for both formed 1.95% , Euglenophyta and Rhodophyta 2 species for both formed 0.78% and Pyrrophyta algae that represented by one species and one genus. The highest genera number during the study period were Cymatopleura, Eunotia, Nitizschia, Cymbella and Gomphonema. Numbers of epiphytic algae varied in months and sites due to the host plants. The highest total number was 31039 ×104 cell/ L of fresh weight was recorded at site 1 during April, 2012 on leaves of Ceratophyllum demersum plant, while, the lowest total number was103×104cell/L of fresh weight which was recorded at site. 2 during June, 2012 on shoot of Potomogeton pectinatus. Many species of epiphytic algae were different among the study sites; the highest number was 148 species in Ceratophyllum demersum recorded 93 species on the shoot and 110 species on the leaves, while, the lowest number was 148 species on P. pectinatus recorded 36 on the root 36 and 52 species on the shoot and 60 species on the leaves. The result of study confirm that some of epiphytic algae were found at the most plant parts and different hosts, such as Anabaena cylindrical A. diolum, Lyngba aestuarii, Microcystis aeruginosa, Cosmacladium tubetculatum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Palmodictyon, Mougeeotia, Pithophora oedogonia. Results showed that, some species favor some parts of host plant e.g Anabaena cylindrica was the most dominated on the Myrophyllum verticillatum and P.australis.Schizothrix tinctoria was dominated on the shoot of Phragmites australis while, algae Nostic linkia dominated on the shoot of Typha domengensis. Algae Ankistrodesmum falcatus, Pyramimonas tetrarhnchus ; Tetraspora cylindrical were dominated on the shoot of Potomogeton pectinatus. There were only seven diatom taxa common encountered on all plant part e.g. Cyclotella bodanicavar var. michiganensis on the shoot of Myrophyllum verticillatum. Fragilaraia capucina var. mesolepta, Cocconeis placentula and Achanthes affinis were dominated on the shoot of Phragmites australis, it was also found that, Navicula miniscula present on leaves of Potomogeton pectinatus and Ceratophyllum verticillatum. Algae N. notha and N. odioas were found on Myrophyllum verticillatum leaves. Ten species were recorded for the first time at this study in Iraq from phytoplankton and epiphytic algae from the period of March, 2012 to February, 2013 : one species of Cyanophyta epiphytic algae Anacystis nidulans ;one species of chlorophyta epiphytic Trentepohlia aurea ; four species of phytoplankton Bacillariophyta centrales : Melosira jurgensi; M. undulata ; Stephanopyxis turris ; Thalassiosira anguste - lineata ; T.decipiens and four species of epiphytic Baciliariophyta pennales : Achanthes flexella; Amphora bullatoides ; Asterionella formosa ; Navicula notha.Five diversity indices : relative abundance, Species richness; Shanon - Weiner diversity ; Jaccard similarity index and Sorinson similarity index were calculated in this study. Relative abundance index for phytoplankton was 44.5 at site 3 in April, 2012 while, epiphytic algae recorded the highest value was 91.6 on the shoot of C.demersum at site 1 in February, 2013 ; on the roots and leaves of T.domengensis in sites 2 and 3 were 66.6 in March, 2012 and 36.36 in June, 2012 on the leaves the same of plant. The highest value of species richness of phytoplankton was 21.9 at site 3 in April , 2012while, for epiphytic algae was 18.3 on the leaves of M.verticillatum and 9.0 on shoot of P.pectinatus at site 4 in March, 2012; on the leaves of C.desmersmum was 12.3 at site 2 ; on the shoot of M.verticillatum plant was the highest value at site 1 on May and June, 2012, while, on leaves and shoot of P. australis plants was the highest value in May and July, 2012 at site 2 and on root of P. australis and shoot of P. pectinatus at site 4 on August, 2012and February, 2013 at site 3, respectively. Results cleared a similarity with high value of Jaccard and Sorenson indices ranged between 3.2 to 50.0 and 55.87 to 153.21 respectively, while, the value of Shanon - wiener diversity index was ranged between 0 - 18.3 as high value which were 4.6 of M. verticillatum plant leaves at site 1 for May and June, 2012 and at low value during the period of study at sites 2, 3 and 4 for most plant parts. A statistical analysis was done using the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).

دراسة عدد من ملوثات الهواء وتاثيراتها البيئية في منطقتين مختارة من جانب الرصافة في بغداد == Study of Several Air Pollutants And Their Environmental Effects In Two Regions In Al - Rusafa Site In Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: شيماء هادي حمادي الدليمي
اسم المشرف: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Several air pollutant concentrations such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), carbon oxides (COx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) and some heavy metals such as lead (Pb) , chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Were measured in selected areas of the Rusafa in Baghdad, Anda’lus square (as a commercial site) and Wazeria district (as industrial site).The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants from gases, SPM (NO2, CO, SO2, and SPM) and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were exceeded globally and locally permissible limits in both study sites, while the concentration of O3, CO2 were within the globally and locally standard limits in both study sites. Commercial site had recorded higher concentrations of (CO2, SPM, Pb) than those of industrial site. While the industrial site had more pollution with (NO, NO2, CO, CH4, Cr). Results showed a relationship between climate factors and air pollutants, where windspeed, temperature, and relative humidity had influenced on the concentration of air pollutants.Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) to nitrogen dioxide gas was identified, by exposing a community of 30 adult male mice. The mice weights were between 23 - 31gm and their age was 8 - 12 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 male of each group). The exposure periods were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 minutes using different concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm.The results showed a higher mortality during 150 and 200 ppm concentrations, for exposure periods of 80 and 100 minutes, but other concentrations have not been recorded. LC50 was calculated 161.86 ppm for 80 minutes and 110.53 ppm for 100 minutes.

دراسة التاثيرات الحادة والمزمنة للمبيد العشبي - 4, 2 دايكلوروفينوكسي اسيتك اسد في نوعين من اسماك الكارب == Study The Acute And Chronic Effects of The Herbicide 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid In Two Species of Carp Fish

اسم المؤلف: ضحى زكي السويفي
اسم المشرف: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التاثيرات السمية الحادة والمزمنة لمبيد 2, 4 - d في نوعين من اسماك الكارب (الاعتيادي والعشبي)، استعمل في دراسة التاثيرات الحادة عدة لكلا النوعين قيد الدراسة وكانت ((170, 165, 160, 155, 145, 140, 130 و(140, 130, 115, 95, 70)ملغم/لتر ع | This study included acute and chronic effects of 2, 4 - d pesticide in two species of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella) using several concentrations for the two carp fish species that were (130, 140, 145, 155, 160, 165, 170) and (70, 95, 115, 130, 140) mg/l respectively for 96 hours, to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the behavioral changes was used as a standard of those effects. Whereas three concentrations (20, 40 and 60) and (10, 15, 25) mg/l respectively for the two carp species were used in the chronic exposure for six weeks. The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe these effects through the study period. The value of LC50 for common carp fish were 157.77, 157.25, 156.41 and 152.62 mg/l. For grass carp, LC50 were 115.92, 114.92, 112.94 and 96.52 mg/l for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs of exposure to 2, 4 - d pesticide concentrations respectively.Behavioral changes were recorded more effects in high concentrations than in low concentrations. To discover the toxic effects of this substance on fish, many parameters were used. They included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swam near the water surface. While in chronic effects, blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V., Haemoglobin Hb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P?0.001) and exposure periods (P?0.05) in comparison with control. The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common and grass carp fish after chronic exposure to 2, 4 - d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, blood congestion, epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney.

التحري عن نوعية مياه الشرب لمحطتي معالجة مياه الحي والبشائر في محافظة واسط جنوبي العراق == Investigation of Drinking Water Quality In Al - Haay And Al - Bashaar Water Treatment Plants In Wasit Province Southern Iraq

اسم المؤلف: وسام باسم محمد التميمي
اسم المشرف: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: م اجراء فحوصات فيزيائية وكيميائية واحيائية لمياه الشرب في محطتي الحي والبشائر وعدد من المناطق التي تغذيها, شهريا للمدة من تشرين الاول 2013 الى شهر تموز 2014, عبر مراحل التصفية وصولا الى المنازل التي تقع على مسافات مختلفة عن مصدر التجهيز وبواقع نموذجين لكل | Physical, chemical and a biological tests were carried out and drinking water samples were collected from AL - Haay and AL - Bashaer water treatment plants and number of residential areas fed by these plants for period extended from October 2013 to July 2014, through the purification stages up to residential sites at different areas situated with various distances from the supplying source, two samples were taken monthly. Air temperature at sampling time was varied from 16°C to 42°C and from 10°C to 34°C, for water temperature at sampling time also. The results of pH values were within the allowable limits, ranging from 7.1in autumn to 8.1 in summer. For EC, the highest value recorded for raw water was in winter with 1338 µs/cm, while the lowest value was in spring with 920 µs/cm. The highest value recorded for drinking water was again in winter with 1330 µs/cm, and the lowest value was 910µs/cm in spring also. The highest value of turbidity recorded for raw water was in winter with 89 NTU and the lowest value was in spring with 26 NTU, while the highest mean value recorded for drinking water was 20 NTU again in winter and the lowest value was 1 NTU in spring. The study showed that the results of TDS values ware ranged from 622 mg/L in spring to 1024mg/L in winter. The highest value of residual chlorine was recorded in summer with 4.5 mg/L; the lowest value was zero mg/L in some of the farthest points of the plants. For sulfates, values were ranged from 289 mg/L in spring to 498.4 mg/L in winter. All the recorded values of chlorides ions for all water samples were within the allowable limits, its values ranged from 98mg/L in summer to156.3 mg/L in winter. For total hardness, the values were exceeding 500mg/L and allowable limits for Iraqi standard criteria. The highest value recorded for raw water was in winter with 520 mg/L and the lowest value was in summer with 351 mg/L, while the highest value recorded for drinking water was again in winter with 516mg/L and the lowest value was 337 mg/L in summer also. For calcium values ranged from 75 mg/L in summer to 135 mg/L in winter. The results of this study showed high levels of lead, cadmium and aluminum in most water samples which collected during study period compared with those that exceeded the acceptable limits provided from the quality control unit and which are considered to have adverse effects on health. For lead, values were found to vary from 0.0030 mg/l in summer to 0.16 mg/l in winter (higher acceptable limits is 0.01 mg/L). While in case of cadmium the values lied between 0.0014 mg/l in winter and 0.015 mg/l in summer (higher acceptable range is 0.0030). However, for aluminum these data were ranged from 0.0062 mg/l in raw water during spring to 0.29 mg/l in drinking water during spring also (higher acceptable range is 0.2). The current results showed an increased in the number of autotrophic bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, and E. coli during winter season in most study locations as compared to those of the other seasons for both water plants raw and drinking water while the FS values were less than those of other bacterial types for both water plants. The Total plat count results of drinking water were exceed 100 cell/ml, the allowable limit for drinking water, for some samples of both water plants. on the other hand, the TC, FC and E. coli exceeded zero cell/100ml, the allowable limits for drinking water, in many drinking water samples for both water plants

تاثير مياه المجاري المحليه على نوعية مياه نهر الغراف في مدينة الحي == Effect Of Domestic Sewage On Water Quality Of Al-Gharraf River In Al- Haay City

اسم المؤلف: وسام ثامر جبار المياح
اسم المشرف: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تقدير مخاطر تعرض العمال لعدد من العناصر الثقيلة في الشركة العامة للصناعات الكهربائية == Assessment The Impacts Of Several Heavy Metals Upon Workers In GCIE

اسم المؤلف: دعاء عدي علي القريشي
اسم المشرف: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

فاعلية بعض النباتات المائية في معالجة مياه الفضلات الصناعية لمعمل نسيج الحلة == Effectivness of Some Aquatic plants in treatment of Industrial Waste water of Hilla Textile

اسم المؤلف: رغد ثائر علي هادي وتوت
اسم المشرف: میسون مھدي صالح الطائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

التحري عن بعض المبيدات العضوية المكلورة وعلاقتها ببعض العوامل البيئية في مياه ورواسب وبعض احياء نهر الفرات/وسط العراق == Investigation of Some Organochlorine Pesticides and Their Relationship with Some Environmental Properties in Water, Sediment and Some Biota of Euphrates River/Midd. of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اميرة عمران حسين الجنابي
اسم المشرف: جاسم محمد سلمان الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

مياه فضلات مدينة اربيل على نوعية مياه نهر الزاب الاعلى، ومخاطر استخدامها للري == The Effect Of Erbil City Wastewater Discharge On Water Quality Of Greater Zab River, And The Risks Of Irrigation

اسم المؤلف: يحيى احمد شيخه
اسم المشرف: جمال كامل العبايجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الامتزاز الحياتي للنيكل في مياه الفضلة الصناعية بوساطة نوعين من البكتريا == Biosorption of nickel from industrial wastewater by two bacterial species

اسم المؤلف: حيدر سلمان عويد الوائلي
اسم المشرف: شهاب احمد سلمان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم كفائة معالجات المخلفت النفطية لمصفى نفط البصرة وتاثيراتها المحتملة في قناة شط البصرة - العراق

اسم المؤلف: امل علي صبار
اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

دراسة التنوع الاحيائي للنباتات المائية وتطبيق دليل نوعية المياه الكندي على مياه نهر الحله وسط العراق == A study of Aquatic plants Biodiversity and applications 0f Canadian indices on water of Hilla River middle of IRAQ

اسم المؤلف: عامرعبيد سعود الشمري
اسم المشرف: جاسم محمد سلمان الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

التوزيع البايوجيوكيميائي للمركبات الاروماتية المتعددة الحلقات (PAHs) في نهر الحلة - العراق == Biogeochemical Distribution Of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) In Al - Hilla River - Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اثير سايب ناجي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم بيئي لنوعية مياه الشرب في محطتي المحاويل والحلة لتصفية المياه في محافظة بابل - العراق == Ecological assessment to drinking water quality in Al-Mahaweel and Al-Hilla plants for water purification in Babylon province/Iraq.

اسم المؤلف: وميض عادل كاظم اليساري
اسم المشرف: جاسم محمد سلمان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

تقدير ملوثات الهواء المنبعثة عن صناعة الطابوق جنوب محافظة ميسان == Estimation of air pollutants emitted from the brick Kilns Southern province of Maysan

اسم المؤلف: هدى عادل رحمة البطاط
اسم المشرف: نايف محسن عزيز
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

كفاءة تراكيز المستخلصات المائيه والكحوليه لابصال الثوم Allium sativum L والمبيدات في السيطرة على بعض انواع الاحياء المجهريه المرافقة لحبوب القمح == Efficent concentration of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of garlic bulbs ( Allium sativum L ) and pesticides in control of some microorganisms accompaniment for wheat grains

اسم المؤلف: هديل علي غجيري علي
اسم المشرف: احسان فليح حسن الجوهري | صباح ناهي ناصر السعيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ذي قار - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - قسم علوم الحياة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
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