Search — Iraqi Digital Repository

Search results: 25 out of 157

العوامل المرتبطة مع سرطان الثدي وتاثيراتها في عينة من المرضى لمستشفى الامل الوطني لعلاج السرطان في بغداد == Factors associated with Breast Cancer Impact in a sample of Al - Amal National hospital for Cancer management in Baghdad

Author name: اسامة مدحت لفتة

Supervisor name: احمد سمير النعيمي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) known to be the most common cause of cancer - related death among females with excess of more than a million inflicted with this disease every year. In Iraq, breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among the Iraqi population in general. The disease affects physical and mental health among breast cancer survivors. The true impact of a successful medical intervention could be understood by the degree to which the treatment has a positive influence on patient’s immediate and /or future well - being. Assessment of quality of life among breast cancer is vital to identify area of concerns to the patient and health professional, and to suggest means to improve disease outcome and reduce patient’s suffering. The current study aimed at measuring the impact of Breast Cancer on different aspects of health related quality of life. In addition, to studying the association between the impact of breast Cancer and sociodemographic characteristics or treatment modalities.A cross - sectional study was conducted on a total of 250 randomly selected females with an established diagnosis of breast cancer attending Al - Amal National hospital for Cancer management in Baghdad. Data collection took place during the period from January to April, 2016, each participant was asked to fill The questionnaire composed of three parts : The first one covered sociodemographic characteristics including : age, gender, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangement, finical status, BMI and blood pressure. The second part contained the ABCIS (Arabic Breast Cancer Impact Scale) with 14 questionnaire items. The third part of the questionnaire gathered data about disease associated factors like duration, treatment modalities. The answers that reflect the impact of the disease on specific life domains were anchored to a 5 points Likert - scale type rating scale. It ranges from large extent to no impact. Higher rating reflects higher negative impact. In addition, the importance of each domain rated on 4 points likert - scale ranges from very important to not important. Higher rating reflects greater importance.Breast cancer had negative impact on patients quality of life. The psychological domain was the most affected among the three domains of quality of life, while theviisocial domain was the least affected. The retest part of the study supported a high reliability for the tested instrument among Iraqi Breast Cancer patients. A quarter of study subjects described the quality of their life as poor. This group of females is at risk for bad prognosis and deterioration of their conditions later on.The study failed to detect an association between type of treatment (whether radio or chemo - therapy) and negative impact of breast cancer on quality of life. Most cancer patients in Iraq fail to cope with the new events and changes in their body image and daily activities that resulted from their disease, neither in their social or occupational life. This might be related to the lack of the psychological therapy and rehabilitation program, which should be provided in all stages of management.

الخصائص الوبائية لفتحات جدار القلب الخلقية للاطفال دون الخامسة الوافدين الى مستشفى ابن النفيس التعليمي، بغداد 2015 == Epidemiological characteristics of Under Five Children with Ventricular Septal Defects Attending Ibn - Nafees Teaching Hospital, Baghdad 2015

Author name: عمار حسن عبد القهار

Supervisor name: بتول علي غالب ياسين | علاء عبد الحسين الانباري

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Globally at least eight of every 1,000 infants born each year have a heart defect, and as Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is the commonest among Congenital Heart Defect (CHD), this study aimed to assess the impact of VSD among CHD and its association with certain factors, and to assess the anthropometrical measures among children with CHD as well as assess nutritional state of their mothers. A hospital based cross sectional study on 349 under five children with CHD attending Ibn Al - Nafees Teaching Hospital were subjected to questionnaires prepared by the researcher. The nutritional status of under five children was assessed through an anthropometric measures (height and weight) and compared with z - score of CDC 2000, meanwhile 296 Mother’s Body Mass Index (BMI) was assessed to point out an association with CHD and VSD.It was found that 54.7% of CHD were VSD, 29.2% were ASD and the combination of VSD and ASD was on the top of congenital heart malformation 61.4%.CHD had increase relation with Father’s and Mother’s education and indirect relation with Mother’s age, also was higher (84.2%) among 20 - 39 years Mother and appear more often in children under one year 64.2%. The studied factors had no obvious influence on VSD rather than other CHD.Nutritional status of the study sample showed that wasted children was almost three times over normal distribution which exhibit acuteness with no evidence on disease chronicity, as shown the study sample showed close frequency distribution regarding stunting and underweight. Mother’s BMI exhibit a problem as 37.2% were overweight and 26.4% were obese.Interfamily marriage express 58.5% positivity and only 8.3% report positive family history. Anemia reported in 33% of Mothers and 30.4% address febrile illness during first trimester.This study observed no significant associations between VSD and other congenital heart defects in term of socio - demographic characteristic; residency, mother’s age, child’s age, Father’s and Mother’s education and consanguinity. Also no associations were found regarding family history, febrile illness, passive smoking, certain medication received, anemia and DM.

المسح عن مسببات وطرق الوقاية من الجلطات الدموية الوريدية في مرضى مستشفى بغداد التعليمي == Screening of Venous thromboembolism risk factors and prophylaxis in Baghdad teaching hospital patients

Author name: صباح الشاوي

Supervisor name: ايمان عدنان القصير

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Deep vein thrombosis is the silent killer, which complicate many of the hospital admission and the cause for many re - admission. In Iraq, deep vein thrombosis is the iceberg where little is known about the risk with the availability of many risk factors in the Iraqi population. The right selection for the patients who need the prophylaxis decrease the rate of the Deep Venous Thrombosis and the complication, which happen through the first three months of the admission history. Assessment of deep venous thrombosis risk in the admitted patients reduce the risk of the disease and the complications. This study aimed to explore the risk of the Deep Venous Thrombosis and the selection of the right prophylaxis regimen to decrease the Deep Venous Thrombosis and complication outcome. A cross - sectional study conducted on 404 randomly selected admitted patients with various admission causes attending Baghdad teaching hospital in Baghdad. Data collection done through 1st of April to 1st of July 2017 , five to six patients were screened for the risk factors available which were divided in five groups of risk factors according to Capirini risk assessment form which used internationally for this reason .The total score then calculated and divided into three categories (mild, moderate and high). The score of 1 to 2 considered as mild with no need for prophylaxis, the score of 3 to 5 considered as moderate, the score of more than five considered as high - risk patients. Moderate and high - risk patients should have prophylaxis administered to them according to the international guidelines of Deep Venous Thrombosis prophylaxis. Statistical test is applied to find the percentage of the patients at risk of VTE in total and subgroup analysis to see the risk factors in the Medical, surgical & gynecological patients separately. Another statistical test done to compare the patients receiving the VTE prophylaxis versus the international guidelines recommendation. Deep Venous Thrombosis risk found to be high in the study population 65% and 35% were free from deep venous thrombosis risk , the survey include the medical, surgical and gynecological wards. The risk found to be highest in the gynecological patients with 77% at risk of Deep venous thrombosis followed by the surgical patients with 59% and then by the medical patients by 8%.The prophylaxis administration to the eligible patients found to be very low where the patients who received the prophylaxis was 27% from the medical patients and 41% from the surgical patients and 28% from the Obstetric and gynecological patients.

العوامل المصاحبة للرضاعة من الثدي الغير حصرية : دراسة مقطعية (ممارسات ومعارف واتجاهات) == Factors Associated with Non - Exclusive Breast Feeding a Cross Sectional KAP Study

Author name: الهام رشيد حميد

Supervisor name: احمد سمير النعيمي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: ان لموضوع الرضاعه الحصرية من الثدي صلة بمجموعة من الابعاد المختلفة في حياة الام وهي من المواضيع ذات الاولوية بالنسبة لمنظمة الصحة العالمية في مسعاها لتقليل الامراض والوفيات بين الاطفال في شتى انحاء العالم . صممت هذه الدراسة المقطعية العرضية لتقييم انتشار الرضاعة من الثدي الغير حصرية بين 317 من الامهات العراقيات من اللواتي يمتلكن طفلا واحدا على الاقل يبلغ عمره (6 - 24) شهرا والذي كانت رضاعته من الثدي على الدوام. علاقة مواقف ومعرفة الام بممارسة الرضاعة الحصرية من الثدي . جمعت البيانات من خلال المقابلة المباشرة مع كل ام على حدة . اجريت الدراسة للفترة من الخامس عشر من شباط الى الخامس عشر من نيسان لسنة 2014 في مدينة بغداد / العراق في مركز السلام للرعاية الصحية الا ولية .البيانات تتعلق بالعوامل الاجتماعيه والديموغرافيه للام ومواقف الام ومعرفتها بالرضاعة من الثدي مثل العمر والمهنه, وقت البدء بالرضاعه من الثدي, الفتره المثلى للرضاعه الحصرية من الثدي, تكرار الرضاعه من الثدي, والرضاعه من الثدي بالعلن وبيانات اخرى. كشفت الدراسة بان النسبة المئوية للرضاعة الحصرية من الثدي كانت 14.5% وشكلت نسبة الرضاعه من الثدي غير الحصرية 85.5% من عينة الدراسة (مع وجود فترة ثقة تبلغ 95% من نسبة 81.6% - 89.4 % من السكان المرجعية) . كان التردد النسبي بين الامهات ممن قمن بالرضاعة من الثدي غير الحصرية اعلى على نحو واضح داخل المجتمعات ذات المستوى الاقتصادي والاجتماعي العالي حيث بلغ (89.3%) واقل بين الامهات داخل المجتمعات ذات المستوى الاقتصادي والاجتماعي المنخفض حيث بلغ (78.8%) . توضح الدراسة بان متوسط درجة الموقف للامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعة الحصرية من الثدي كان (76.2) اعلى بكثير منه بالنسبة للامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعة من الثدي الغير الحصرية (67.1 ). وكان متوسط درجة المعرفة بين الامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعة الحصرية من الثدي (32.1) اعلى بوضوح منه بالنسبة للامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعة الغير الحصرية من الثدي (28.8) غير ان الفروقات في المتوسط فشلت قليلا بالنسبة للدلالة الاحصائية .كان التردد النسبي للامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعة غير الحصرية من الثدي اقل بين الامهات الاكبر سنا (35 - 44) سنه. لم نكن هناك اية علاقة بين توفر المساعدة ( الدعم) من الاسرة والاقارب او الجيران في العناية بالطفل مع الرضاعة الحصرية من الثدي . كان التردد النسبي بين الامهات اللواتي يتلقين النصائح من الكوادر الطبية ضد اعطاء السوائل للطفل المولود حديثا اعلى بصورة ملحوضة داخل مجموعة الامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعـــة الحصرية من الثدي حيث بلغ (19.6%) من الامهات اللواتي قمن بالرضاعة غير الحصرية من الثدي والذي بلغ (7.7%). هنالك علاقة كبيرة بين الرضاعة من الثدي العلنية مع الاختطار الاقل للرضاعة غير الحصرية من الثدي. | The topic of exclusive breast feeding is related to a combination of different dimensions of mother's life. It's one of the priority topics for World Health Organization in its quest to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide.This cross sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence of non exclusive breast feeding among 317 Iraqi mothers with at least one baby aged (6 - 24) months who were ever breastfeed, the association of mother's attitude and knowledge on the practice of exclusive breast feeding.Data was collected through a direct interview with each mother. Those data include sociodemographic factors and concepts related to breastfeeding knowledge and attitude like age, occupation, time of initiation of breastfeeding, optimum duration of exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding frequency, breastfeeding in public and others. The study was conducted from the 15th of February to the 15th of April 2014, in Baghdad/ Iraq in Al - Salam primary health care center.The study revealed that the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 14.5%. Non - exclusive breastfeeding constituted 85.5% of study sample (with a 95% confidence interval of 81.6% - 89.4 in the reference population). The relative frequency of non exclusive breastfeeding mothers was obviously higher among mothers in high SES (89.3%) and lowest for mothers with low socioeconomic status (78.8%). The study illustrates that the mean attitude score for mothers with exclusive breast feeding (76.2) was significantly higher than that for non exclusive breastfeeding mothers (67.1). Mean knowledge score for mothers with exclusive breastfeeding (32.4) was obviously higher than that for non exclusive breastfeeding mothers (28.8), but the differences in mean failed short of statistical significance. The relative frequency of non exclusive breastfeeding mothers was lowest among older age mothers (35 - 44 ) years. The availability of assistance (support) from family, relatives or neighbors in caring for the baby had no association with exclusive breastfeeding. The relative frequency of mothers having advice from medical staff against administration of fluids to the newborn was noticeably higher among exclusive breastfeeding group (19.6%) than those with non exclusive breast feeding (7.7%). Breastfeeding in public is significantly associated with a lower risk of non exclusive breastfeeding.

انتشار الاضطراب الكربي التالي للرضح بين الافراد العسكريين في القوات المسلحة العراقية == Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among military personnel in Iraqi military force

Author name: عبد الصاحب هادي عبد الكريم

Supervisor name: جواد كاظم الديوان

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

الخصائص الوبائية وصورة فيتامين د للنساء المصابات بهشاشة العظام في العراق المراجعات لعيادة امراض المفاصل الاستشارية في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي لسنة 2013 == Epidemiological Characteristics and Vitamin D Profile in Iraqi Osteoporotic Women Attending Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital 2013

Author name: مينا صلاح عبد الفتاح

Supervisor name: علياء مكي حسن الصافي | سامي سلمان شهاب

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: هشاشة العظام هوالمرض الاكثر شيوعا من جميع امراض العظام في البالغين، وخاصة في سن الشيخوخة. تتميز هشاشة العظام بانخفاض كتلة العظام وفقدان النسيج العظمي التي قد تؤدي الى ضعف العظام وهشاشتها. فيتامين (د) ضروري لتحسين صحة العظام.تهدف الدراسة الى : 1 - لتسليط الضوء على الخصائص الوبائية لهشاشة العظام للنساء العراقيات المراجعات العيادات الخارجية للمفاصل في المستشفى في بغداد التعليمي في بغداد عام 2013. 2 - لقياس فيتامين د ومستوى الكالسيوم في عينة من النساء اللاتي يعانين من هشاشة العظام ومقارنتها مع النساء الاصحاء. 3 - لربط مستوى فيتامين د مع كثافة المعادن في العظام .4 - للحصول على التاريخ الغذائي لبعض الاغذية المتعلقة بهشاشة العظام عند النساء.كانت هذه دراسة مقطعية اجريت في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي،العيادة الخارجية لشعبة امراض المفاصل من 16 كانون الثاتي الى 16 حزيران 2013 . على مجموعه من النساء عددهم 136 ( 68 يعانين من هشاشة العظام ، 68 لا يعانين من المرض ) الذين تتراوح اعمارهم بين 40 سنة وما فوق وليس لهم تاريخ تناول حبوب الكالسيوم وفيتامين (د) كوقاية او علاج. كما اجريت مقابلات لتقييم العديد من عوامل الخطر لمرض هشاشة العظام بين مجموعة من النساء العراقيات المراجعات العيادة الخارجية لمرضى المفاصل.ادنى نتيجة من نتائجT كانت تستخدم لتشخيص هشاشة العظام، وقد صنفت بحيث اذا كانت نتيجة T اقل من( - 2.5 ) شخصت كهشاشة العظام واعتبرت الاكثر من - 1 كنساء اصحاء .الاستبيان اشتمل على الخواص الديموغرافية للنساء وبيانات عن تاريخ تناول بعض الادوية المرتبطة بهشاشة العظام ( التيروكسين، جلايكورتيكود، ادوية مضاد للصرع ووسائل منع الحمل عن طريق الفم) وبعض الاطعمة المسببة لهشاشة العظام ومصادر الكالسيوم.وقد اخذت عينة من الدم لقياس مصل فيتامين د,الكالسيوم والفسفور ووظائف الكلية والكبد والغدة الدرقية. وقد تم قياس فيتامين (د) عن طريق قياس 25 هيدروكسي فيتامين د باستخدام مقايسة الممتز المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم .قد وجد ان النساء اللاتي يعانين من هشاشة العظام 68 ( 50 ٪ )، وكانت النساءالاصحاء 68 ( 50 ٪ ) . كان متوسط عمر النساء اللاتي يعانين من هشاشة العظام 58.5 ± 7.7 ومتوسط عمرالنساء الاصحاء كان 54.8 ± 8.4 سنة . فقد وجد ان هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في العمربين المجموعتين (ع = 0.001 ). عثر على ان المستوى التعليمي، الحالة الاجتماعية، والاقامة والعمل لم يكن لها تاثير على هشاشة العظام. تم العثور على خطر نقص فيتامين (د) في ( 61.1 ٪ ) من النساء الاتي يعانين من هشاشة العظام وفي ( 38.9 ٪ ) من النساء الاصحاء مع الجمعيات ذات دلالة احصائية تم العثور عليها. كان هناك فرق كبير بين s.Ca (p = 0.001 ) ، s.Ph (p = 0.001 ) ، s.Alk.ph (p = 0.001 ) ، s.T3 (p = 0.001 ) ، s.Creatinine (p = 0.001 ) . لم يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية (p > 0.05) وجدت فروق ذات دلالات احصائية بين النساء اللاتي يعانين من هشاشة العظام والنساء الاصحاء في رباعي يودوثيرونين واليوريا في الدم ، ووظائف الكبد. كانت غالبية النساء اللاتي شخصن بهشاشة العظام ( 55.5 ٪ ) قد دخلن سن الياس و( 26.0 ٪ ) قبل سن الياس مع اختلاف ذو دلالة احصائية بين مجموعة النساء المصابات بهشاشة العظام ومجموعة النساء الاصحاء ( P = 0.001 ) . ولوحظ انخفاض كمية الكالسيوم الغذائية في كل من النساء المشخصات بهشاشة العظام والنساء الاصحاء الذي قد يعزى الى الفقر، عادة غذائية سيئة، قلة مستوى التعليم وتاثير الحروب والحصار والعنف.تم العثور على ارتباط كبير بين هشاشة العظام وانقطاع الطمث، مستوى فيتامين د، التدخين، وتناول اللحوم > 100 غم/ يوم والاملاح المضافة (p< 0.05) .لوحظ علاقة سلبية بين عدد الولادات والكالسيوم في الدم (r= - 0.1 ) .تم العثور على الاثر الايجابي لتناول الحليب على الكالسيوم في الدم (r= 0.2 ) . | Osteoporosis is decrease in bone mass accompanied by deterioration of bone quality. Vitamin D is essential to optimizing bone health. Aims of the study : 1. To describe the sociodemographic characteristics in a sample of osteoporotic Iraqi women.2. To identify factors associated with osteoporosis like nutritional, medical problems (renal, thyroid, liver..) and biochemical markers.3. To correlate vitamin D level with bone mineral density. This was a cross sectional study conducted in Rheumatology outpatient clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital from 16th of January to 16th of June 2013, aged 40 years and older with no history of intake of Calcium and vitamin D supplements as prophylaxis or treatment and all women were interviewed to evaluate some of the risk factors of osteoporosis. Lowest DXA T - score results was used to detect osteoporosis, T - score below ( - 2.5) was classified as osteoporosis, more than - 1 were considered as normal. A questionnaire include sociodemographic data, history of intake of drugs, some of food itemsassociated with osteoporosis and dietary calcium intake. Blood sample were taken to measure serum vit D( by 25(OH) D ELISA kit) and biochemical markers. In studied sample the prevalence of osteoporosis women were 68 (50%), normal women were 68 (50%). The mean age of the osteoporotic women was 58.5 ± 7.7 and that of the normal women was 54.8 ± 8.4 with statistically significant difference in age of the two group (p=0.001). The educational level, marital status, residence and occupation were found to have no effect on osteoporosis. Risk of Vit D deficiency were found in (61.1%) of the osteoporotic women and in (38.9%) of the normal with statistical significant association found. There was significant difference in s.Ca (p=0.001), s.Ph (p=0.001), s.Alk.ph (p=0.001), s.T3 (p=0.001), s.Creatinine (p=0.001). No significant difference (p >0.05) was found between osteoporosis and normal women height, T4, Blood urea, s.ALT and s.AST. The majority of postmenopausal women (55.5%) were osteoporotic and of the pre - menopause (26.0%) were osteoporotic with significant association between the osteoporotic & normal group (p=0.001). Low dietary calcium intake was observed among the osteoporotic and normal women which might attributed to poverty, bad eating habit, lower education and the effect of wars, sanction and violence.Significant association were found between osteoporosis and menopause, vit D level, smoking, meat intake >100 gm/day and added table salts (p < 0.05)

عادة الشيشة بين طلاب كلية الطب وكلية طب الاسنان - جامعة بغداد == Shisha Habit among Medical Students at College Of Medicine & College Of Dentistry - Baghdad University

Author name: حسن خلف عبد

Supervisor name: بتول علي غالب یاسین

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Background : Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) are the most severely affected (1). The shisha is used to smoke specially made tobacco by heating the tobacco indirectly, usually with burning charcoal or embers, filtering the smoke through a bowl of water (sometimes mixed with other liquids such as wine) and then drawn to a mouthpiece through a rubber hose (6). Shisha has been shown to be associated with a wide range of detrimental health effects and smoking shisha is associated with three main detrimental health effects : CV damage, infection and cancer formation (30)P.The Objective of this study is to measure the prevalence of shisha smoking among medical students at College of Medicine & College of Dentistry - Baghdad University, Identify the characteristics of Shisha smokers that have numerous public health and clinical implications and to identify factors associated with shisha smoking.Subjects and Methods : A cross - sectional study was conducted on a sample of 654 students at the College of Medicine and College of Dentistry in Baghdad University from the 1st of February till the 30th of June 2017. Under graduate students from the selected colleges were included. A questionnaire was used to gather the necessary information and filled by the study participants themselves. It included questions to gather information on certain socio - demographic variables, the family of the participants, and believes about smoking. Information about shisha smoking, medical history and habits of the participants and their parents were gathered.Results : This study involved 654 students. The mean age of the participants was 20.6±1.93 years; 64.7% were females; 95.9% were currently single; and 90.6% were from Baghdad.About 44.6% were in the 2nd stage; 91.4% were living with family; 70.4% were living with crowding index 1 - 2. Regarding parents of participants, 90.9% of fathers andII81.2% of mothers were highly educated; 82.8% of fathers and 88.6% of mothers were present and live with; and 49.1% of fathers and 49.4% of mothers were governmental employees.The prevalence of shisha smoking was 12.1%; 57.5% of them were smoking for more than three years, 76.2% preferred café for smoking; 87.5% preferred friends for smoking with. The factors that significantly associated with prevalence of shisha smoking were (gender, address, marital status, living condition, presence of private work, parents smoking history, and belief about which type of smoking is more harmful).Conclusion : Although the prevalence of shisha smoking was still not high (12.1%), it was increasing during the last few years and becoming a community acceptable behavior, especially among college students. There was a significant positive effect for male gender, being divorced or widowed, living alone and outside Baghdad, and having own job on smoking prevalence among students. Also parent's positive history of tobacco smoking and students beliefs about shisha and cigarette harm were significantly associated with the use of shisha.

المعرفة المرضية لدى مرضى السكري وتاثيرها على التطور المرضي في بغداد 2017 == The Level Health Literacy Among Diabetic Patients and its Impact on Disease Outcome in Baghdad 2017

Author name: احمد علي عبد الحسن

Supervisor name: بتول علي غالب ياسين

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تعتبر الامراض غير الانتقالية مثل امراض القلب والطارئات الوعائية والسرطان وامراض الجهاز التنفسي المزمنة والسكري من الاسباب المهمة للمراضة والوفيات على مستوى العالم. وتحدث اكثر من نصف الوفيات الناتجة من السكر بعمر دون السبعين. حيث ان ارتفاع عدد الاصابات بالسكري يكون اسرع في الدول ذات معدل الدخل الواطي والمتوسط. وتوقعت منظمة الصحة العالمية بان السكري سيحتل المرتبة السابعة ضمن قائمة اسباب الوفيات بالعالم بحلول العام2030.تعرف المعرفة المرضية بانها حالة الادراك وامتلاك المهارات الاجتماعية التي تحدد طموح وامكانية الفرد على الوصول الى المعلومة وفهمها واستخدامها بطرق تطور وتحافظ على الصحة العامة لدى الشخص.داء السكري هو داء قابل للعلاج ويمكن تفادي مضاعفاته او تاخيرها باتباع النظام الغذائي الصحيح وممارسة النشاطات البدنية بصورة منتظمة والالتزام بالنظام العلاجي ومتابعة المرض برصد مضاعفاته. حيث يعتبر السكري من اكثر الامراض شيوعا وكلفة للمريض والنظام الصحي.في هذه الدراسة سيتم القاء الضوء على مستوى الوعي الصحي وتاثيره على السيطرة على المرض وظهور او عدم ظهور المضاعفات. حيث لا توجد دراسة في العراق مختصة في البحث في هذا الموضوع.تم اجراء دراسة مقطعية باخذ 447 مريضا من مرضى السكري النوع الثاني من مراجعي المراكز الصحية الاولية في بغداد للفترة من الخامس عشر من حزيران 2016 ولغاية الخامس عشر من نيسان 2017. وشملت العينة 267 مريض ذكر و180 مريضة انثى. وشمل مدى العمر للعينة من 19 - 93 سنة وبمعدل 50,89 25 وانحراف معياري 20,3 سنة.تم قياس الوعي الصحي للعينة باستخدام اداة خاصة مصممة لهذا الغرض تم تحضيرها بواسطة خبراء في المجال. وتم الحصول على نتائج تتراوح من 18 - 67 نقطة بمعدل 43,34 نقطة وبانحراف معياري 11,1 نقطة. وتم ايضا قياس معدل السيطرة على المرض باخذ معدل السكر التراكمي HbA1c وتم الحصول على معدل يتراوح من 6,4 - 13,4 وبمعدل 10,25 وانحراف معياري 1,01 نقطة.وتم ايضا تسجيل وجود المضاعفات من عدمها في العينة حيث ثبت وجود مضاعفات السكر في 65 مريض وهم يشكلون 14,5% من العدد الكلي للعينة.بعد اجراء الاختبارات الاحصائية اللازمة على البيانات تم كشف وجود ارتباط احصائي بين وعي المريض الصحي ودرجة السيطرة على المرض وبالتالي معدل السكر لديه. وايضا تم وجود ارتباط احصائي بين وجود المضاعفات وبين مستوى الوعي الصحي للمريض. حيث اوضحت الدراسة ان المرضى ذوي الوعي الصحي الاعلى سجلو معدلا اقل للمضاعفات.واظهرت البيانات وجود ارتباط احصائي لمستوى وعي المريض مع بعض الخصائص الديموغرافية للعينة, حيث وجد ان معدل الوعي الصحي يكون اعلى بين العزاب مما هو لدى المتزوجين او المطلقين. كما وجد كونه مرتفعا ايضا لدى المرضى الذين يمارسون الرياضة بصورة منتظمة.كما ظهر وجود ارتفاع مستوى الوعي لدى المرضى الذين لم يدخلو للمستشفى مسبقا بسبب داء السكري عما هو لدى المرضى الذين دخلو للمستشفى بسببه. ولم تظهر بعض الخصائص الاخرى ارتباط بمستوى وعي المريض.لم تظهر البيانات اي ارتباط لبعض الخصائص بوعي المريض كجنسه وعمره ونمط وظيفته ومده المرض لديه ولا نوع العلاج الذي يتناوله المريض.حسب نتائج الدراسة يمكن القول بان حصول المريض على مستوى اعلى من الوعي والمعرفة الصحية عن مرضه له تاثير ايجابي في الحصول على مستويات سكر افضل ومعدل مضاعفات ومشاكل اقل بخصوص حالته المرضية.لذلك يمكن القول بان زيادة التركيز ورصد موارد اكثر في رفع مستوى الثقافة الصحية للمريض والمجتمع قد يسهم في الحصول على ناتج افضل للسيطرة على المرض وتخفيف ثقل المرض وكلفتة على المريض بالخصوص والنظام الصحي عل العموم. | Non - communicable diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middle - and low - income countries. Almost half of all deaths attributable to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70 years. WHO projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. (Boutayeb, A. and Boutayeb, S., 2005)Health Literacy has been defined as the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health. (WHO, 2014)Diabetes can be treated, and its consequences avoided or delayed with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and treatment for complications. Diabetes is one of the most common and costly chronic diseases. (American Diabetes Association, 2002)In this study the effect of health literacy of diabetic patients on the disease management efficiency and prevention or delaying complications is tested.Health literacy and its relation to diabetes and outcomes for diabetic patients are yet to be investigated in Iraq.A cross section study done by taking random sample of 447 patients from PHCC’s in Baghdad from 15th July 2016 to 15th April 2017. From them, 267 males (59.7%) and 180 females (40.3%). Their age ranged from 19 - 93 years with a mean of 50.89 years ± 20.3 years Standard Deviation (SD).Health literacy was measured by special tool designed for this purpose (Ranges 18 - 67 points with a mean of 43.34 ± 11.1 SD) and disease outcome is quantified by testing HbA1c (ranged between 6.4 - 13.4 with a mean of 10.25 ± 1.01 SD) and recording presence of diabetic complications in our patients (only 65 patient (14.5%) report having complications, the rest 382 (85.5%) reported no complications).After applying proper statistical tests there was a significant association between patient literacy and glycemic control, also the frequency of complications was significantly associated with level of health literacy, i.e. the rate of complications was significantly less in patients with higher literacy level, also, patient with higher literacy tend to have lower HbA1c and hence better glycemic control.Certain demographic criterion found to have associated with patient literacy, marital status of the patient found to have significance (singles have better health literacy than married or divorced).Patient physical activity level found to have significance (more active life style has better health literacy than sedentary life style.The mean total health literacy score was significantly higher among diabetics with no or limited hospital admissions.Gender did not affect the literacy score of diabetic patients, similarly, disease duration, Employment type and treatment regimen don’t seem to have association with patient literacy.In the contest of our results, we may state that having higher level of literacy and knowledge about the disease and its related issues tend to improve the level of glycemic control in diabetics and make them significantly less likely to develop diabetic complications.Enhancing patient knowledge and activating educational programs may give better public health outcome regarding this chronic disease and ameliorate its burden on the patient and community

نمط اكتساب الوزن خلال الحمل في قطاع الاعظمية / بغداد العراق 2014 == WEIGHT GAIN PATTERN DURING PREGNANCY IN SECTOR AL - AADHAMIA/ BAGHDAD - IRAQ 2014

Author name: وسن اسماعيل ابراهيم

Supervisor name: علياء مكي حسن الصافي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine - Department Of General Surgery

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Weight gain has unique significance for pregnant women. Recently a new clinical guideline by united state institute of medicine (2009) addressing healthy weight during pregnancy according to prepregnancy body mass index. It has been introduced in some countries, like Iraq in 2013.This study objectives are to assess gestational weight gain pattern of pregnant women and its correlation with maternal health, labor and fetal outcomes, and to estimate the rate of low birth weight.A total 408 of recently delivered mothers attending primary health care centers of AL - Aadhamia sector to vaccinate their children during the period from the first of November, 2014 to the end of May, 2015. A convenient sample was collected through interview with the mothers and review their antenatal care files was done by a tailored questionnaire especially designed. The independent variables were gestational weight gain, body mass index and birth weight, the dependent variables were birth weight, maturity of pregnancy, maternal age, gestational diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract infection, anemia and cesarean section.The prevalence of gestational weight gain was 44.6% had high weight gain. The body mass index at first visit for studied sample were mostly overweight 40.9%. The rate of low birth weight was 18.1%.There was non - significant difference between gestational weight gain with body mass index at first visit, maturity of pregnancy and anemia. But there was a significant difference between gestational weight gain with birth weight, urinary tract infection, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes.VIIThere was a significant association between low gestational weight gain group and anemia, urinary tract infection and preterm labor, normal gestational weight gain group and preterm labor, high gestational weight gain group with gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes and cesarean section.According the study results, we are recommended health education of women at bearing age before pregnancy and weight monitoring during pregnancy, Awareness of health care providers by training and alert the ministry of health to carry out nationwide study to evaluate gestational weight gain during pregnancy.

انتشار ومحددات قلة النشاط البدني بين مرضى داء السكري و\ او ارتفاع ضغط الدم في محافظة بغداد, العراق, 2015 - 2016 == PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AMONG DIABETIC AND/OR HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS, BAGHDAD PROVINCE, IRAQ, 2015 - 2016

Author name: مناف فائق احمد

Supervisor name: فارس حسن اللامي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: الخلفية : ان انتشار الامراض غير المعدية في تزايد في جميع انحاء العالم مع 80% من وفيات الامراض غير المعدية تحدث في البلدان المنخفضة والمتوسطة الدخل. هذه الامراض عادة ما تكون الاصابة بها ذات مدة طويلة ، وكذلك بطيئة التقدم . وعلى الصعيد العالمي ، كانت عوامل الخطر الغذائية وقلة النشاط البدني المسؤولة عن اكبر اعباء المرض. سنويا الخمول البدني يسبب حوالي 3.2 مليون حالة وفاة و69.3 مليون سنة مصاحبة للعجز ( 2.8% من المجموع الكلي) على مستوى العالم.اهداف الدراسة : لقياس مدى انتشار وتحديد الفئات عالية الخطر والمعرضة لقلة النشاط البدني بين البالغين الذين يعانون من ارتفاع ضغط الدم و/ او مرض داء السكري في محافظة بغداد, 2015 - 2016 . الاشخاص وطرق العمل : هذه دراسة مقطعية اجريت على عينة من 584 من البالغين الذين يعانون من ارتفاع ضغط الدم و/ او مرض السكري في بغداد (عمر ≥ 18 عام) والذين حضروا الى مراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية والعيادات الطبية الشعبية. الذكور والاناث الذين تتراوح اعمارهم بين 18 عام او اكثر والذين حضروا لاي سبب الى مراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية او العيادات الطبية الشعبية المختارة بالدراسة. تم استبعاد المرضى الذين لديهم اي حالات مرضية تتداخل مع النشاط البدني من الدراسة. وبالمثل، استبعدت ايضا الذين يعانون من مضاعفات خطيرة تجعل المقابلة غير مجدية. وقد تم تطبيق نوعين مختلفين من الاستبيانات لجميع الحاضرين لجمع المعلومات المطلوبة. تم ملئ الاستبيانات من قبل الباحث من خلال المقابلة المباشرة مع المشاركين في الدراسة وتم استخدام الاستبيان الاول لجمع المعلومات الاجتماعية والديموغرافية للمشاركين. الاستبيان الثاني (GPAQ) يحتوي على 16 بند خاصة بالنشاط البدني وضعتها منظمة الصحة العالمية وسجل حسب البروتوكولات القياسية المستخدمة لقياس المتغيرات النشاط البدني. اي درجة لمعامل التمثيل الغذائي (MET) اقل من 600 في الاسبوع فانها تمثل قلة النشاط البدني. النتائج : شملت هذه الدراسة 584 مريضا بارتفاع ضغط الدم او \ وداء السكري. كان معدل اعمار المرضى هو 48.9 ± 11.8 سنة. كان 57.2% منهم اناث. 69.5% منهم كان متزوج و82.5% منهم كانوا من المناطق الحضرية. 73% منهم كانوا مصابين بارتفاع ضغط الدم و53.3% كانوا مصابين بداء السكري (92% من النوع الثاني) وان 27.1% كانوا مصابين بدائي السكري وارتفاع ضغط الدم معا. 45% لم يكملوا الدراسة الثانوية وان 84.4% من الاناث ربات بيوت. 72% من الذكور كانوا موظفين او مرتبطين بعمل. 71% من المشاركين كانوا غير مدخنين وكذلك 92.5% من المشاركين غير متعاطين للكحول وان 47.4% من المشاركين يعانون من السمنة.كان انتشار الخمول البدني بنسبة 57.5% (فاصل الثقة 95% : 53.49 - 61.51). في مجتمع الدراسة وجد ان المجال الاقل نشاطا هو وقت الفراغ (6.7%) مقارنة مع مجالات العمل (45.7%) والنقل (47.6%). وكشف تحليل الانحدار اللوجستي عوامل الخطورة التالية : الشيخوخة ( 1.047=OR)، مطلق / ارمل (1.323=OR)، متقاعد / ربات البيوت (1.331=OR)، ومستوى الاميين من التعليم (1.439=OR)، والسمنة (1.46=OR) وعدم وجود المشورة المتعلقة بفوائد النشاط البدني (3.443=OR).الاستنتاجات : اكثر من نصف مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم و/ او داء السكري هم غير نشطين بدنيا. وكان التعليم المنخفض، والسمنة وقلة المشورة المتعلقة بفوائد النشاط البدني اهم عوامل الخطورة القابلة للتعديل. | Background : The prevalence of Non communicable diseases is increasing throughout the world with 80% of NCDs mortality occurring in low - and middle - income countries (LMICs) (Lee et al 2015). They are generally of long duration, and slow progression. Globally, dietary risk factors and physical inactivity were responsible for the largest disease burden. Physical inactivity causes around 3.2 million deaths and 69.3 million DALYs (2.8% of the total) globally, each year (Lim et al 2012). The Objective of this study is to measure the prevalence and identify high risk groups of physical inactivity among adults with hypertension and/or diabetes in Baghdad, Iraq, 2015 - 2016.Subjects and Methods : A cross - sectional study conducted on a sample of 584 adults with hypertension and/or diabetes in Baghdad (age ≥ 18 years) who attended primary health care centers and Medical Popular Clinics. Male and female individuals aged 18 years or more who attended the selected PHCCs or MPCs for any complaint. Patients that have any comorbid illnesses that interfere with physical activity were excluded from the study. Similarly, those with severe complications that make the interview not feasible were also excluded. Two different types of questionnaires had been applied to all attendants to collect needed information, the questionnaires were filled by the researcher through direct interview with the study population. First questionnaire was used to gather socio - demographic information of the participants. Second one was the 16 - item Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) (developed by WHO and incorporated within the WHO Stepwise instrument), scored as per standard protocols used to measure the physical activity variables. A metabolic equivalent task (MET) score of less than 600 per week indicates physical inactivity.Results : This study involved 584 HYN and/or DM patients. The mean age of the patients was 48.9±11.8 years; 57.2% were females; 69.5% were currently married; and 82.5% were from urban areas. Around 73% had HTN, 53.3% had DM (92% type2 DM), and 27.1% had both HTN and DM. About 45% didn’t complete their secondary school; 84.4% of females were housewives, and 72% of males were currently employed. Around 71% were non - smokers; 92.5% were non - alcohol drinkers; and 47.4% were obese. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 57.5% (95% CI : 53.49 - 61.51%). The study population was found to be least active in the leisure time domain (6.7%) compared with the work (45.7%) and transport (47.6%) domains. Logistic regression analysis revealed the following risk factor : Aging (OR=1.047), Divorced/Widowed (OR=1.323), Retired/housewives (OR=1.331), Illiterate level of education (OR=1.439), obesity (OR=1.46) and lack of physical activity advice (OR=3.443).Conclusion : More than half of hypertension and/or diabetes subjects were physically inactive. Low education, obesity and lack of advice were the most important modifiable risk factors affecting PA

عوامل الخطورة في التحصي الصفراوي == Risk Factors In Cholelithiasis

Author name: الطبيب عيسى رحيم ابراهيم

Supervisor name: اسماء احمد الجوادي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتمثل هدف هذه الدراسة في تحديد حجم مشكلة وعوامل الخطورة المسؤولة عن التحصي الصفراوي . وتبنت الدراسة الحالية تصميم العينة - الشاهد لتحقيق الهدف من الدراسة . تم جمع 109 حالة من حالات التحصي الصفراوي من المستشفى الجراحي الرئيسي في الموصل (مستشفى الزهراوي التعليمي) واقسامها . وشملت عينة الحالات حالات التحصي الصفراوي باكملها والذين جاؤوا الى مستشفى الزهراوي التعليمي خلال فترة الدراسة (اي عينة متتابعة غير عشوائية) . وكانت كافة الحالات من مدينة الموصل وضواحيها . وشملت العينة الضابطة المرضى الذين قدموا الى قسم الطوارئ والوحدات الجراحية العامة من غير حالات التحصي الصفراوي . واختيرت العينة الضابطة وفقا لطريقة التقابل الفردي . وامتدت فترة جمع الحالات والعينات الضابطة من الاول من حزيران من عام 2001 ولغاية الحادي والثلاثين من كانون الثاني من عام 2002 . كانت نسبة الاناث الى الذكور حوالي 3.4 : 1 ، وكان معدل العمر للاناث (45.46+11.46) وبالنسبة للذكور كان (49.80+18.64) سنة . ومن المثبت ان الاناث معرضات للاصابة بالتحصي الصفراوي . كان الالم في الجهة العليا اليمنى للبطن من اكثر الاعراض التي لوحظت في اكثر من 95% من الحالات ، يليها الم المغص (65.14%) وسوء الهضم (62.44%) والم الصدر (56.88%) والتقيؤ (48.62%) . وكان لتاريخ العائلة الايجابي الاثر في زيادة التعرض للاصابة بالتحصي الصفراوي بطريقة معنوية عالية (p= 0.000) .اظهرت الدارسة العلاقة بين عدد الاصابة بحمى التيفوئيد وتطوير التحصي الصفراوي (p= 0.006) عندما يكون عدد الاصابات اكثر من ثلاثة . واظهر ضغط الدم بوجود اكثر من مرض قيمة معنوية (p= 0.006) لذا فان اسلوب الحياة الساكنة يضيف عامل خطورة لتسبب التحصي الصفراوي (p= 0.007). وكان للغذاء الدهني دور في تطوير التحصي الصفراوي وتراوح طبقا لنوع الدهن المستخدم كما مبين في الدراسة . وكان لمؤشر كتلة الجسم > 25 دورا معنويا في الاصابة بالتحصي الصفراوي (p= 0.011) . | The aim of the present study is to determine the size of the problem of cholelithiasis in Mosul and the effect on health system together with responsible risk factors. The present study adopted a case - control design to achieve the aim of the work. A total of 109 cases of cholelithiasis were collected from the main surgical hospital in Mosul (Al - Zahrawi Teaching Hospital) and its departments. The sample of cases included the entire cholelithiasis cases who came to Al - Zahrawi Teaching Hospital during the study period (i.e. non - randomized consecutive sample). All cases were from Mosul city and it vicinity. The controls included patients admitted to the casuality department and general surgical units other than cholelithiasis cases. The sample of controls was selected according to the method of individual matching. The period of collection of both cases and controls was from the 1st of June 2001 to the 31st of January 2002.The female to male ratio was about 3.4 : 1 and the mean age for females was (45.46+11.46) and for males was (49.80+18.64) years. It is well established that female sex in a risk factor for the development of cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis were significantly higher in urban than rural population (p= 0.009). A positive family history of cholelithiasis increased the risk of condition in a very high significant way (p< 0.0001).Right upper quadrant pain was the most frequent symptoms observed in over 95% of cases followed by colicky pain (65.14%) and dyspepsia (64.22%), chest pain (56.88%) and vomiting (48.62%). The study shows an association between the number of typhoid fever attacks and the develop of cholelithiasis with (p= 0.006) when the number of attack is more than three.Hypertension in the presence of more than one disease show significant value (p= 0.006) so the sedentary life style add a more risk factor in the causation of cholelithiasis (p= 0.007). Fatty diet played a role in the developing of cholelithiasis and this varies according to the type of fat intake as shown in the study. BMI > 25 played a significant role in the causation of cholelithiasis with (p= 0.011). This study has helped to provide a tool for identification of the problem of cholelithiasis and responsible risk factors. A campaign of health education about risk factor should be conducted early in life in order to have a protective role of cholelithiasis

ظاهرة التنمر ضمن طلاب المدارس الاعدادية في بغداد - الكرخ == BULLYING AMONG STUDENTS IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN BAGHDADKARKH

Author name: حيدر مجيد يحيى

Supervisor name: مشتاق طالب هاشم

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Background : Bullying is a major public health problem especially among students in high schools.Literature showed that bullying have an effect on mental, social, emotional, general behavior and academic function of students in school.Objective : To explore the prevalence of bullying among students in intermediate and secondary schools in Baghdad.Subjects and methods : A multi - stage stratified random sample of (302) students from intermediate and secondary schools in Baghdad - Karkh was included in the study; collection of data was done from October to December 2014. Using Focus Group Discussion each participant was directly interviewed to complete a questionnaire which contains four elements. First element was contained the sociodemographic information, Second element was formulated to measure the bullying depending on “Factors associated with bullying behavior in middle school students” by Bosworth, Espelage and Simon, and “A comparison of the Gatehouse Bullying Scale and the Peer Relations Questionnaire for students in secondary school” by Bond, Wolfe, Tollit, Buttler and Patton, and “Development of the Multi - dimensional Peer Victimization Scale” by Mynard and Joseph. Third element was for measuring the frequency of symptoms of bullying, the statements were translated from a compendium of the National Center on Birth Defects andDevelopment disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fourth element was to assess the posttraumatic stress symptoms by using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire - Iraqi version for trauma symptoms (Part IV).Chi - square was used to examine the association between independent variables (socio - demographic variables and traumatic events) with dependent variables (bully, victim and witness). P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results : The rate of bullies was 24.3%, rate of victims was 38.8%, rate of sexual bullies was 17.1%, and rate of sexual victims was 21.4%. There was no significant statistical association between age and bullying (P=0.3).A significant association was noticed between sex and bullying (P=0.001).Bullying was varied significantly between resident area (P=0.004). A significant association was found between bullies with smoking and failure in school (P=0.001 for each).Conclusion : High prevalence of bullying (bullies, victims, sexual bullies and sexual victims) was found among student. The smoking and substance use was reported among the participants of study.Key words : Bullying, victimization, war, PTSD, Iraq.

الاطفال قليلي الوزن والخدج في بغداد : دراسة في المستشفيات == LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND PREMATURITY IN BAGHDAD : HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Author name: انغام محمد علي درويش

Supervisor name: ايمان عدنان القصير

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تقييم نظام المعلومات الصحي في العراق == Assessment Of The National Health Information System In Iraq

Author name: ثائر عيسى مراد

Supervisor name: مازن غازي جاسم الربيعي | امجد داود نيازي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تعتبر الاحصائيات الصحية الرصينة ضرورة لاتخاذ القرارات السليمة في كل مستويات النظام الصحي. ولكن في الحقيقة ان نظم المعلومات الصحية في معظم البلدان تعتبر غير كافية لتوفير المعلومات اللا زمة لدعم الادارة الصحية ولهذا فان معظم النظم الحالية تعتبر كعائق اداري | Sound health statistics are essential for health decision - making at all levels of the health system. Unfortunately, health information systems in most countries are inadequate in providing the needed management support and the current systems are therefore widely seen as management obstacles rather than as tools, the current study is an attempt to assess the health information system in Iraq with recognizing the strengths, weaknesses and gaps in addition to assessment of the structure and performance of this system; it also attempts to assess the behavioral, technical and organizational determinants affecting the health information system performance. A cross - sectional study was conducted for the assessment process and the levels of the assessment included the ministry of health (national level), the health directorates (provincial level), the districts related to the health directorates reaching to the health centers level, as well as the hospitals related to the health directorates, in addition to the ministry of planning and the ministry of interior. In addition to ministry of health (central level) a total of six governorates were selected by simple random sampling including the capital Baghdad with a seven districts were selected from those governorates also by simple random sampling and a total of twenty six health centers were selected from those districts, as well a total of seven hospitals were included in the study from all governorate and they were selected according to convenience. The interview has been done by using the health metrics network assessment tool version 4, in addition to a complementary assessment tools which are the PRISM package tools that were used at the district and primary health center levels. Based on the data collected and according to the health metric network assessment tool findings the overall health information system has laid in the adequate state (65.96%) with most of its comprising components function poorly. Data dissemination and use and data management categories were the weakest with a score of 50% and 53.3% respectively, while for the resources category it was found to be adequate 63.3%, and for that of HIS indicators, data sources and information product categories they were 73.3%, 66% and 69.6% respectively. For that of the PRISM tools and the findings obtained by them from the collected data the results revealed that a low data quality in term of accuracy with 29.03% at the facility level and 55.35% at the district level, while the completeness rate was excellent with a score 96.38% at the facility level and 98.23% at the district level, for that of the timeliness it was 70.43% timeliness at the district level. The information use for a given feedback at the facility was 50% and at the district was 82.12% and for observed meeting records it was 50% for the facility and 41.6% for the district level. For that of the functionality a 34.61and 67.30% of the facilities reported having a reminder mechanism for data completeness process and meeting a deadline for submitting monthly reports respectively, Data analysis was better at the district 85.71% than at the facility 81.7%, Data display were present in all of the facilities and districts. For the technical determinant the results showed 57%, 85.7%, 71.4% and 100% of the district respondents felt that the form is complex and difficult to follow, data software is a user - friendly, information technology is easy to manage and a comprehensive picture of the health system performance is captured by the system respectively,85.7% believed that the information system collecting information from some vertical programs and one district reported of no collection at all, in addition to that 100% reported the absence of a software that integrates data from different information systems and the available information technology doesn't provide full access procedure to district and senior managers. Regarding the behavioral determinants the results revealed that overall mean confidence for the information system tasks is 69.41% while for that of the task competence the overall mean competence level is 37.1%. Knowledge of checking data quality, knowledge of health information system rationale and problem solving showed results of 35.32% 37.68% and 2.98% respectively, and that of motivation level was 43.4%. Organizational determinants results revealed that the management functions at facility and district levels were almost absent, while for the perceived promotion of a culture of information it showed a total score of 63.96% and rewarding for a good performance was 56.83%. The activities for promotion of a culture of information are a 25% at the facility level and 28.75% at the district level. And that of supervision quality at the facility were (72.80%). Availability of resources revealed that 100% of the facilities have two or more computers and calculators respectively while only 57.7% have an internet access. Access to the electricity and water supply is very high, No facility reported of running out in registers in the last 12 months. Finally, the current study shows the importance for the need of further attention to be drawn to HIS, in addition to that, increasing the awareness and well coordinated efforts that need to be done to overcome weaknesses and to provide a well functioning HIS enabling for evidence based decision making and action provision in the health system.

تقييم وحدات الرعاية المركزة لحديثي الولادة في ردهات الولادة لمستشفيات بغداد == Evaluation Of Neonatal Intensive Care Units At Maternity Wards In Baghdad Hospitals

Author name: بشرى احمد عبد اللطيف

Supervisor name: جمال محمود الخضيري

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تتباين انظمة الرعاية لحديثي الولادة المطبقة ولكنها كلها تعتمد على وحدات الخدج الموجودة في مختلف بلدان العالم النامية والمتقدمة.انجزت هذه الدراسة المقطعية التقويمية في وحدات حديثي الولادة لردهات الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد (الكرخ والرصافة) مستثنين وحدات ال | Neonatal health care is provided via a variety of neonatal care units that are available globally both in different developing and developed countries.A cross - sectional evaluation study was conducted in all accessible fifteen neonatal intensive care units in Baghdad (Kharkh and Rosafa) maternity wards, excluding paediatric hospitals, during the period from November 2013 till the end of March 2014.The study aims : 1. Health care evaluation in neonatal intensive care units of maternity wards in Baghdad hospitals in terms of input (human and non - human resources) and outcome.2. Identifying causes of admissions and causes of deaths occurring in neonatal intensive care units The study consisted of two parts : A structure evaluation is using a check list to assess availability of human and non - human resources, covering infrastructure, manpower, equipment, and supplies; and an outcome evaluation study using hospital registration records review for causes of admission and causes of death in neonatal intensive care units during the year 2013.It was found that the mean number of specialist doctors in neonatal intensive care units was 2.1 and with standard deviation ±1.3, and college nurse was 2.2, with standard deviation of ±4.004, pharmacist was 0.4 with standard deviation of± 0.516 and for supplementary staff 1.5 with standard deviation of± 0.516.More than half 54% of nurses had no training in neonatal care.Concerning the availability of general equipment it was adequate except for computers 40%.Air conditioning, lighting and windows in addition to safe water supply was good 100% but ventilation was poor 67%, hand washing area was not always present 60% and free elbow operated water tubes were available in 6.7%. Availability of neonatal intensive care units special area was adequate for storage area 85.7% gowning area78.6%, while all the remaining areas were poorly available (resting room, examining room, mother room, boiling and autoclave room, area for mixing intravenous fluid and medication).Neonatal intensive care units were narrow and area/incubator ranging from 2.28m2 to 4.36m2/ incubator. Number of incubators was 246 with patient/ incubator ratio 53.6 : 1 and 27% of Neonatal intensive care units had no regular maintenance for incubators. Large Neonatal intensive care units >25 incubators were overcrowded, having below standards area/incubator, incubators covers only two third of neonatal care. Still up to one third of Neonatal intensive care units are getting their oxygen supply by cylinders, not pipes. Most equipment for individual use were poorly available. Most of Neonatal intensive care units emergency (cupboard) drugs and supplies were sufficiently available round the clock. Total admissions to Neonatal intensive care units were 13195 neonates. Male neonate's admissions 60% were higher than females 40%. Main causes of admission were Respiratory distress syndrome 43%, prematurity and low birth weight 19.4%, and Transient tachypnea 17.4%; birth asphyxia 4%, and hypoglycemia 3.8%, Congenital anomalies 3.7%, Neonatal jaundice 3%, while meconium aspiration and septicemia were the lowest1%. From all these admissions 74% were discharged well, (6%) were referred, while those discharged against medical advice were (4%) and the rest (16%) died. The main causes of death in Neonatal intensive care units were Respiratory distress syndrome 34%, prematurity and low birth weight 31% congenital anomalies 12%, birth asphyxia 8%, septicemia 4%, meconium aspiration 1% and 10% due to other unclassified causes. From this evaluation study, it can be concluded that there were Neonatal intensive care units with under staffing, undertraining and poor designing. Respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity were the main neonatal health problems.

العلاقة بين تجارب الطفولة السيئة والمطاوعة على الصحة بعد البلوغ في بغداد == The Relationship Of Adverse Childhood Experiences And Resilience To Adult's Health In Baghdad City

Author name: اميل فاروق الشاوي

Supervisor name: رياض خضير لفتة | صالح الحسناوي

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Doctorate

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تجارب الطفولة السيئة تشير الى اكثر مصادر الاجهاد شيوعا وشدة التي يعاني منها الاطفال في حياتهم المبكرة. من هذه الخبرات الاساءة، الاهمال، العنف بين الابوين او مقدمي الرعاية والعنف المجتمعي. وتبين ان الاجهاد الطويل في الطفولة له اثار طيلة الحياة على صحة | Adverse Childhood Experiences refer to some of the most intensive and frequently occurring sources of stress that children may suffer early in life. Such experiences include multiple types of abuse; neglect; violence between parents or caregivers and community violence exposure. It has been shown that prolonged stress in childhood has life - long consequences for a person's health and well - being; it may lead to serious problems such as alcoholism, depression, eating disorders, heart diseases, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Resilience is the ability to manage crises, difficult situations and developmental tasks. Research on resilience has identified several factors that strengthen the power and resources of children as well as promote their abilities to cope successfully with crises and internal and external problems. This cross - sectional study was conducted to estimate the effect of adverse childhood experiences and resilient factors on adults’ heath. It was done during the period from January 2013 through January 2014. The study sample was drawn from Baghdad City. Multistage sampling technique was used to choose 13 primary health care centers and eight colleges from three universities in Baghdad; the questionnaire was filled through a direct interview with the participants. In addition to that, teachers of seven primary schools and two secondary schools were chosen by a convenient method. A total of 1040 subjects were surveyed and 1000 responded. Their age ranged between 18 to 59 years (32.08±11.169). Females constituted a higher proportion (58.3%) of the study sample, 60% of this sample had university/diploma as the highest level of education. The results showed (during childhood) that seeing or hearing a parent or household member in home being yelled at, screamed at, sworn at, insulted or humiliated was reported in 469 (46.9%). A parent, guardian or other household member yelled, screamed or swear at, insulted or humiliated them was registered in 387 (38.7%). A parent, guardian or other household member spanked, slapped, kicked, punched the subjects was seen in 335 (33.5%). father's death (when the subject's age was 15 years or less) was reported in 104 (10.4%) of the participants, and 74.8 % of the subjects like to be the kind of people their parents were. The multiple linear regression models demonstrated that being in the fourth quartile (highest quartile) of household dysfunction - abuse score is expected to significantly increase depression symptoms score by a mean of (10.4) compared to subjects in the lowest (first quartile) of household dysfunction - abuse score, being in the fourth quartile of family bonding score is expected to significantly decrease depression symptoms score by a mean of ( - 22.5) compared to subjects in the first quartile, the same is correct for self - esteem score which increases by a mean of (21.484) for the fourth quartile of family bonding score compared to subjects with lowest (first quartile) after adjusting other explanatory variables. Logistic regression model showed that being in a higher level of family bonding (fourth quartile) is expected to reduce the risk of having chronic physical diseases by almost the half (odds ratio =0.57) and being exposed to a high level of household dysfunction and abuse (fourth quartile) is expected to increase the risk of having chronic physical diseases by 81%. A positive history of suicidal attempts showed a strong positive association with mean score of household dysfunction and abuse. Family bonding during childhood appears to be the most important resilient factor that protects adults against sedative or narcotic usage, mental disorders, suicide attempts, and chronic physical diseases during adulthood. Higher levels of exposure to adverse childhood experiences have a positive association with substances usage, suicide attempts, symptoms of mental disorders and chronic physical diseases in adulthood.

تقيم الانماط الغذائية للنساء الحوامل المصابات بداءالسكرى المراجعات لمركز السكرى في مدينة العمارة == Assessment Of Dietary Patterns For Diabetic Pregnant Women Attending Diabetic Center In Al - Amarha City

Author name: سعاد رشيد احمد الربيعى

Supervisor name: هالة سعدي عبد الواحد

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

الخصائص الوبائية للاصابات المهنية المسجلة في المركز الوطني للصحة والسلامة المهنية للسنوات 2011 - 2013 == Epidemiological Characteristics Of Occupational Accidents Reported To The National Center For Occupational Safety And Health For The Years 2011 - 2013

Author name: اسراء صفاء الدين شومان

Supervisor name: سهير محمد محمود الجبوري

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Medicine

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

المعارف والاتجاهات والممارسات حول الانفلونزا الموسمية لعينة من ذوي المهن الصحية في مدينة كربلاء المقدسة / العراق == Knowledge , Attitudes and Practices Regarding Seasonal Flu Among A Sample of Paramedical Staff in Holy Karbala City - Iraq

Author name: علي نعمة حسن الاعرجي

Supervisor name: عطا عبد الحسين موسى

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Middle Technical University - College of Health and Medical Technology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة وبائية للتدرن المعند في العراق == Epidemiological Study Of Multi - Durg Resistant Tuberculosos In Iraq

Author name: هناء بهجت احمد التميمي

Supervisor name: محمد جواد كاظم

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Doctorate

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دور الاقران في نشر الثقافة الصحية بين طلاب المدارس الثانوية في الحلة == Peer Health Education Role Among Al - Hilla Secondary School Students

Author name: ماهر جواد كاظم

Supervisor name: وليد عارف العاني

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Doctorate

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

العنـف ضـد الاطفال عينة من بغـداد == Violence Against Children : A Sample From Baghdad

Author name: لباب عدنان جابر

Supervisor name: رياض خضير لفتة

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

التحري عن التهاب الكبد الوبائي (النوع البائي والنوع السيني) لدى عينه من النساء الحوامل في مدينة الفلوجه == Screening For Hepatitis B And Hepatitis C Viral Infection Among A Sample Of Pregnant Women In Fallujah City

Author name: كفاح عبد اللطيف محسن

Supervisor name: نجلاء فوزي الجسار

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

انتشار اضداد فيروس انتفاخ الخلية نوع IgG لمرضى داء السكري في بغداد == Epidemiological Study Of Cytomegalovirus IgG Antibodies Among Diabetic Patients In Baghdad

Author name: فراس يونس محسن

Supervisor name: جمال رشيد الراوي | عباس مهدي رحمة

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

سن الياس الطبيعي والعوامل المؤثرة في توقيته لدى عينة من النساء العراقيات في بغداد/ الرصافة == Age At Natural Menopause And Factors Influencing Its Timing In A Sample Of Iraqi Women In Baghdad / Al - Rusafa

Author name: فتح صادق علوان

General topic: Medicine

Specific topic: Community Medicine

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages: