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التوصيف الوراثي لبعض عوامل ضراوة بكتريا E.coli المعزولة من اخماج المسالك البولية == Genotypic Characterization of someVirulence factors inE.coli isolated from UTI

Author name: عميدة علي عطية العبيدي
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | كركز محمدثلج
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

استخلاص بكتريوسين من العنقوديات الذهبية لعينات سريرية واختبار قدرته العلاجية وتاثيره في الخلايا السرطانية والطبيعية == Extract bacteriocin from Staphylococcus.aureus of clinical samples and test it´s curing ability and effects in cancerous and normal cells

Author name: اسما سميع افرام كرومي
Supervisor name: ناهي يوسف ياسين | علي صالح حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت هذه الدراسة لغرض تقييم القدرة العلاجية للبكتريوسينات المنتجة بواسطة عزلات سريرية من بكتريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبيةStapylococus aureus ضد الاورام السرطانية للغدة اللبنية المغروسة في اناث الفئران البيضاء ودراسة تاثيراتها في الخلايا اللمفاوية لمزارع الدم الكامل للانسان وخمس من خطوط الخلايا السرطانية والطبيعية المعاملة في الزجاج.اشتملت الدراسة على ما ياتي : - عزل وتشخيص افراد النوع Stapylococus aureus من عينات سريرية لاصابات جرثومية معظمها من جروح(33عينة) وحروق(13عينة) ودمامل(33) من مرضى راقدين في مستشفيات السلام, الخنساء, ابن الاثير, ابن سينا والمستشفى الجمهوري في محافظة نينوى للمدة من الاول من شباط ولغاية الاول من اب للعام 2007 , عزل وتوصيف السلالات المنتجة للبكتريوسينات, استخلاص البكتريوسينات المنتجة بواسطة السلالات الكفوءة, تنقية وتوصيف البكتريوسينات المستخلصة, تقييم القدرة العلاجية للبكتريوسينات المستخلصة ضد الاورام السرطانية للغدة اللبنية المغروسة في اناث الفئران البيضاء, تقدير تاثير البكتريوسين المستخلص في الخلايا اللمفاوية لمزارع الدم الكامل للانسان المعاملة في الزجاج, وتقدير تاثير البكتريوسين المستخلص في خمس من خطوط الخلايا السرطانية والطبيعية.تم التقييم باستعمال الطرق الاتية : - تقدير الشذوذ الكروموسومي في خلايا نقي العظم, تقدير الشذوذ الكروموسومي في الخلايا المولدة للنطف, تقدير التشوهات المظهرية في النطف الناضجة, تقدير التلف الوراثي في الخلايا الكبدية بواسطة تقنية Comet assay, تقدير التلف الوراثي في الخلايا اللمفاوية للانسان بواسطة اختبار النواة الصغرى واختبار تبادلات الكروماتيدات الشقيقة, تقدير التاثير التثبيطي في نمو الخلايا السرطانية والطبيعية الناتج عن المعاملة مع تركيزات مختلفة من البكتريوسين ولفترات زمنية مختلفة.تم الحصول على (163) عزلة نقية لبكتريا المكورات العنقودية الذهبية من اصل (250) عينة سريريه جمعت من اصابات الجروح والحروق والدمامل. كانت 14\ 163 عزلة منتجة كفوءة وقد ظهر ان عزلتين منها كانت احداها ذات فعل محلل للدنا ومحطمة للغشاء السايتوبلازمي اما الثانية فكانت ذات فعل محلل للدنا وليس لها تاثير على الغشاء الخلوي, وهما العزلتين التي تم استخدامهما في انتاج البكتريوسينات التي تم اختبار تاثيراتها في هذه الدراسة. اظهرت العزلات المستخدمة في الدراسة مقاومة متباينة لخمسة عشر نوعا من المضادات الحيوية.تم استخلاص البكتريوسين وكان من النوع الحر غير المرتبط, وقد اظهر ثباتية عند الخزن بدرجة 4ﹾ م. رسب البكتريوسين بواسطة كبريتات الامونيوم واجري الفصل بواسطة عمود السيفادكس 100G, ثم جفدت المادة وتم وزن المسحوق واستخدامه في تحديد الجرعة المميتة النصفية وكانت قيمتها210,215mg/kg.bw. والجرعات المستخدمة في المعاملات العلاجية ودراسة السمية الوراثية وهي 2 /1 و10 /1 قيمة LD50 . واستخدمت الجرعة100 /1 من قيمة LD50 وسلسة التخفيفات النصفية لها في معاملة الخلايا اللمفاوية لمزارع الدم الكامل للانسان وخطوط الخلايا السرطانية والطبيعية. ترافقت انواع الشذوذ الكروموسومي مع ازدياد حجم الورم المغروس في الفئران وكانت على نوعين, شذوذ تركيبي بشكل كسر كروموسومية وسلسلة رباعية, اما بالنسبة للشذوذ العددي فكان من نوع الوهن السنتروميري والانقسام الميتوزي الداخلي. كما اظهرت المعاملة داخل الجسم مع البكتريوسين انواع من الشذوذ الكروموسومي في كل من خلايا نقي العظم والخلايا الابتدائية المولدة للنطف, حيث لوحظت السلسلة الرباعية واحاديات X - Y والاحاديات الجسميةو التعدد المجموعي الكروموسومي. اما بالنسبة للتشوهات في الشكل الظاهري للنطفة الناضجة فقد لحظ الراس غير المنتظم, الراس فاقد النتوء , الراس الصغير, الراس الكبير والراس الشبيه بالموز, كما لحظ الذيل الملتف. تسببت المعاملة العلاجية مع كل من المستخلصينB6 وB11 الى تحسن الفعالية الميتوزية وخفض حدوث انواع الشذوذ الكروموسومي التركيبي والعددي, حيث كان متوسط مجموع احداث الشذوذ الكروموسومي 8.4±0.25 بعد نمو الورم المغروس واصبح بعد المعاملة العلاجية 4.5±0.22 مع المستخلصB6, 2.0±0.005 مع المستخلصB11 بالمقارنة مع 1.8±0.009 في مجموعة السيطرة السالبة, وهذا يشير الى فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05. كما تبين ان لطول فترة المعاملة بعد الغرس مع كلا الجرعتين العلاجيتين تاثيرا في نسبة خفض احداث الشذوذ الكروموسومي, حيث انخفضت متوسطاتها من 8.8±0.28 الى 4.0±0.02 بعد ثلاث اسابيع والى 5.0±0.02 بعد ستة اسابيع مع1\ 10 من قيمةLD50 و5.0±0.02بعد ثلاث اسابيع و4.0±0.01 مع1\2 قيمة LD50 وهذا يشير الى ان الجرعة الاولى تفقد تاثيرها مع ازدياد فترة المعاملة في حين ان الجرعة الثانية تكون اكثر تاثيرا مع ازدياد فترة المعاملة.تسببت المعاملة داخل الجسم لذكور الفئران مع الجرعتين العلاجية 1\ 10 و1\ 2 من قيمة LD50 في حث انواع الشذوذ الكروموسومي حيث كان متوسط مجموع انواع الشذوذ التركيبي 4.0±0.17, 4.1±0.13 مع1/10و 1/2قيمة LD50 على التوالي من B6 و5.1±0.31, 5.1±0.14 معB11 وهي فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05 بالمقارنة مع قيم السيطرة السالبة 2.1±0.1. اما بالنسبة لانواع الشذوذ العددي فقد كانت متوسطات مجموعها 8.0±0,3, 8.o±0,2 مع 1\ 10 و1\ 2 قيمة LD50 على التوالي بالنسبة للبكتريوسينB6, 7.6±0.1 و8.1±0.17 وهي فروق معنوية عند مستوىp< 0.05 بالمقارنة مع قيم السيطرة السالبة التي بلغت 1.8±0.009. كما تسببت المعاملة في خفض الفعالية الميتوزية MI, فقد ظهرت فروق معنوية عند مستوىp<0.05 بالمقارنة مع السيطرة السالبة 75.6±0.9 حيث بلغت 46.6±1.5, 43.0±0.3 مع البكتريوسينB6 و38.9±0.2, 37.2±0.3 مع البكتريوسينB11. وقد تسببت المعاملة لذكور الفئران البيضاء في حث انواع الشذوذ الكروموسومي في الخلايا الابتدائية المولدة للنطف حيث ظهرت فروق معنوية عند مستوىp<0.05 في متوسط مجموع الشذوذ التركيبي بالمقارنة مع السيطرة السالبة 1.8±0.17 في حين بلغت 3.4±0.6 و4.1±0.6 بالنسبة لB6, 7.9±2.6 و8.2±2.5 بالنسبة لB11. اما انواع الشذوذ العددي فقد ظهرت فروق معنوية عند مستوىp<0.05 في متوسط المجموع الكلي حيث بلغ 6.6±1.01 في السيطرة السالبة, 11.0±2.01 بعد ستة اسابيع من المعاملة مع المستخلصB11. وقد حثت تشوهات في الشكل الظاهري للنطف الناضجة بالمعاملة مع البكتريوسين, فقد ظهرت فروق معنوية عند مستوىp<0.05 في متوسط مجموع التشوهات حيث بلغت 19.8±0.73 في السيطرة في حين وصلت 23.0±1.0 مع B6, 26.8±1.15 معB11. تسببت المعاملة العلاجية بالبكتريوسين في خفض مستوى التلف في دنا الخلايا الكبدية للفئران الحاملة للاورام المغروسة, حيث لحظت فروق معنوية عند مستوىp<0.05 في قيم OTM والتي بلغت 0.19±0.03 في السيطرة السالبة, 3.73±0.69 في الفئران المغروسة وانخفضت بعد المعاملة العلاجية الى2.16±0.59, 0.998±0.32 بعد ثلاثة وسته اسابيع على التوالي مع B6. وبلغت2.72±0.576, 1.216±0.387 بعد ثلاثة وسته اسابيع على التوالي مع B11. كما تسببت المعاملة العلاجية في خفض معنوي عند مستوىp<0.05 للنسبة المئوية للخلايا الحاوية على الدنا المتضرر, حيث كانت نسبتها في السيطرة السالبة 98.5±9.0 وانخفضت الى87±0.78, 58.7±5.88 بعد ثلاث وست اسابيع على التوالي مع B6, اما مع B11 فقد بلغت 92±8.25, 64.8±7.21 بعد ثلاثة اسابيع وست اسابيع على التوالي. اما عند معاملة الخلايا اللمفاوية لمزارع الدم الكامل للانسان بتراكيز مختلفة من البكتريوسين فقد تم حث تكوين النوى الصغرى باسلوب معتمد على الجرعة حيث بلغ عددها في السيطرة السالبة 17 مع الواهب الاول و13 مع الواهب الثاني في حين تسببت التراكيز العالية في فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05 وp<0.01 حيث بلغت 33 و35 مع التركيزين 100, 500 µg/ml على التوالي بالنسبة للواهب الاول. كما نتجت زيادة معنوية في متوسط مجموعSCEs مع التركيز500µg/ml بلغت 8.10±0.41 بالنسبة للواهب الاول ولم تلحظ زيادة معنوية بالنسبة للواهب الثاني مع B6, في حين حدثت زيادة معنوية عند مستوىp<0.05 وp<0.01, حيث بلغت 9.54±0.35 و9.54±0.33 مع التركيزين100, 500 µg/ml على التوالي مقارنة مع 7.14±0.35 بالنسبة للسيطرة السالبة مع الواهب الاول, وبلغت 9.74±0.50, 10.68±0.45 مع التركيزين نفسهما بالنسبة للواهب الثاني. اما عند معاملة خطوط الخلايا السرطانية والطبيعية فقد وجد تباينا في تاثير المستخلصين B6 وB11 اعتمادا على نوع الخلايا ومدة المعاملة. كما وجد تماثلا في الفعل القاتل الذي يوجهه المستخلصين مع بعض الاختلافات. بالنسبة للخط الخلوي AMN - 3 وجدت فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05 في متوسط اعداد الخلايا الحية بعد 24 و48 ساعة من المعاملة مع التراكيز الواطئة ومع التركيز الاعلى بعد72 ساعة من المعاملة مع المستخلصين B6 وB11, اي ان الخلايا تزداد مقاومة مع طول مدة المعاملة. واختلف نمط التاثير بالنسبة للخط الخلوي RD اذ وجدت فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05 في متوسط اعداد الخلايا الحية بعد المعاملة مع التراكيز العالية لمدة 24 ساعة واختفى التاثير عند المعاملة مع المستخلصين لمدة 48 ساعة ليعود فيظهر مع التراكيز الواطئة مما يشير الى احتمالية احداث تغيرات في المادة الوراثية للخلايا. وتماثل تاثير كل من المستخلصين في خلايا الخط الخلوي السرطاني Hela اذ لم توجد فروق معنوية بين السيطرة والمعاملة بعد 24 و48 ساعة بينما وجدت فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05 في متوسط اعداد الخلايا الحية بعد المعاملة لمدة 72 ساعة ويشير هذا الى ازدياد التاثير في الخلايا مع طول مدة المعاملة وبالنسبة للخط الخلوي AMG وجدت فروق معنوية عند مستوى p<0.05في متوسط اعداد الخلايا الحية بعد 24, 48 ساعة من المعاملة مع التراكيز الواطئة واقتصر التاثير على التركيز الاعلى من المستخلصB6 والمستخلص B11 بعد 72 ساعة من المعاملة واما بالنسبة للخط الخلوي الطبيعي المتحول L20B, فقد تباين تاثير كل من المستخلصين B6 وB11 اذ وجدت فروق معنوية في متوسط اعداد الخلايا الحية بعد 24 ساعة من المعاملة مع ادنى تركيز من المستخلص B6 والتركيزين الاعلى والاوسط من المستخلصB11 وتماثل سلوك خلايا هذا الخط مع خلايا الخط السرطاني RD اذ انعدمت الاستجابة بعد 48 ساعة من المعاملة مع كل من المستخلصين لكنها اختلفت بعد72 ساعة من المعاملة اذ ازدادت مقاومة الخلايا. | The study was designed to test effect of bacteriocin extracted from Staphylococcus aureus isolated in cancer and normal cells in vitro and in vivo. clinical The study includes : - Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples of wounds(33)20% , burns(13)8% and fasterrs(33)20%,cases in Al - Salaam, Al - Khansah, Abn - Atheer, Ibn Sena, Al - gamhoory hosphtalofMosul city.The study started from Feb.(2007) to Oug(2007). Isolation and identification of bacteriocin producing strains, extraction of produced bacteriocin by competent strains, purification and charachterization of extracted bacteriocin, evaluation of therapeutic ability of extracted bacteriocin against transplanted mammary tumor in white mice females, determination of bacteriocin effect 0n human lymphocytes of whole blood culture and determination .of bacteriocin effect in five of cancer and normal cell lines. The evaluation conducted by : - Determination of chromosome aberration in bone marrow cells, Determination of chromosome aberration in primary spermatocytes, determination of morphological abnormalities in mature sperms, determination of genetic damage in hepatic cells by comet assay, determination of genetic damage in human lymphocytes by micronucleus test and SCEs test, determination of inhibition effect in cancer and normal cells growth result from treatment with different concentrations of bacteriocin for different times. 163 S aureus isolates from 250 samples of wounds , burns and fasterrs ,14/163 has been detected as competent producing isolates, 2/14 isolate showed DNase and plasma membrane damage effect. These two isolates used to produced bacteriocin which used for testing its effects in this study. Free extracted bacteriocin showed stability in storing at 4ºC. Ammonium sulfate used to precipitate the bacteriocin. Separation was conducted by 100G sephadex column. Lypholization and weighing of powder in order to using in LD50 determination and therapeutic treatment and genotoxicity study with 1/2, 1/10 LD50 and dose of 1/100 LD50 and its half dilutions in treatment of cancer and normal cell lines.Chromosome aberrations associate with growth of transplanted tumor in mice females which of two type, structural aberration as chromosome breakage, chain IV and numeric aberration as chromosome attenuation and endomitoses.In vivo treatment with bacteriocin showed chromosome aberration types in bone marrow cells and primary spermatocytes.Chain IV, X - Y univalents and autosomal univalents was observed, polyploidy was observed too.Sperm morphological abnormalities was observed as amorphous head, with out hook, small and big head and banana shape, coiled tail was noticed too.Therapeutic treatment with B6 and B11 bacteriocine caused enhancement of mitotic activity MI and reducing of structural and numerical aberrations. Its total average was 8.4±0.25 after growth of transplanted tumor, after therapeutic treatment was 4.5±0,22 with B6, 2.0±0.005 withB11 compared with 1.8 ±0.009 of negative control, this refer to significant differences at p<0.05. Treatment with the two used doses in decreasing percentage of chromosome aberration its averages decreased from 8.8±0.28 to4.0±0,02 after 3 weeks and to 5.0±0.02 after 6 weeks with 1/10 LD50 and to 5.0±0.02 after 3 weeks, 4.0 ±0.01 after 6 weeks with 1/2 LD50.In vivo treatment of male white mice with the two therapeutic doses 1/10, 1/2 LD50 cause induction of CAs types. Average of total structural aberrations 4.0±0.17, 4.1±0.13 with 1/10 and 1/2 of LD50 respectively with B6, 5.1±0.31 and 5.1±014 with B11 which is significant differences when compared with negative control 2.1±0.1. Average of total numerical aberrations was 8.0±0.3, 8.0±0.2 with 1/10 and 1/2 LD50 respectively of B6, 7.6±0.1 and 8.1±0.17 with 1/10 and 1/2 LD50 respectively of B11 which show significant differences when compared with negative control 1.8±0.009. Treatment caused decrease of mitotic activity (M!), there were significant differences at p<0.05 when compared with negative control 75.6±0.9. It reached 46.6±1.5, 43.0±0.3 with B6 and 38.9±0.2, 37.2±0.3 with B11. Treatment of male white mice induce chromosome aberration types in primary spermatocytes which showed significant differences at p<0.05 of total average of CAs when compared with negative control 1.8±0.17 while it reached 3.4±0.6 and 4.1±0.6 with B6 and 8.2±2.5 with B11.Sperm morphological abnormalities induced by treatment with bacteriocin, it showed significant differences at p<0.05 in total average abnormalities which reached 19.8±0.73 for control while reached 23.0±1.0, 26.8±1.19 for B6 and B11 respectively. Therapeutic treatment caused decrease in level of damage in hypatocytes DNA of tumor carrier mice. Significant differences was observed at p<0.05 in OTM which reached 0.19±0.03 in negative control, 3.73±0.69 in transplanted mice and decreased to 2.16±0.59, 0.998±0.32 after treatment for 3 and 6 weeks respectively with B6. It reached 2.72±0.576, 1.216±0.387 after 3 and 6 weeks respectively with B11. Therapeutic treatment cause significant decrease at p<0.05 in percentage of cells with damaged DNA. Percentage in negative control was 98.5±9.0 and decreased to 87.0±0.78, 58.7±5.88 after 3 and 6 weeks respectively with B6 and with B11 reached to 92.0±8.25 and 64.8±7.21 after 3 and 6 weeks respectively. Treatment of human lymphocytes in whole blood cultures with different concentrations of bacteriocin induce micronucleus formation in dose dependent manner. Its number reached 17 and 13 in 1st and 2nd donors respectively in negative control cultures. High concentrations of bacteriocin caused significant differences at p<0.05 and p<0.01, which reached 33and 35 with 100 and 500µg/ml respectively for 1st donor. Significant increase at p<0.05 resulted in total average of SCEs with 500µg/ml which reached 8.10±0.41 for 1st donor. No significant increase was observed for 2nd donor with B6, while significant increase at p<0.05 and p<0.01 resulted , which reached 9.94±0.35 and 9.54 ±0.33 with 100 and 500µg/ml respectively when compared with 7.14±0.35 for negative control cultures of 1st donor, and 10.68±4.5, 9.74±0.50 with the same concentrations for 2nd donor.When Cancer and normal cell lines treated, Different effect was existed by either of B6 and B11 extract and this depend ed on kind of cells and time of treatment. Similar killing effect of the two extracts was existed with some difference. For the cancer cell line AMN - 3 significant differences at the level P<0.05 in mean of viable cells numbers after 24 and 48 h of treatment with lower concentrations and with the highest concentration after 72 of treatment with the two extracts B6 and B11, that means increased cell resistance with the time of treatment. The mode of effect was different for cancer cell line RD, there were significant differences at P<0.05hn mean of viable cell number after treatment with the higher concentrations for 24 h , the effect disappeared with the treatment of 48 h which returned with the lowest concentrations with treatment of 72 h that refer to the possibility of occurred changes in cells genetic material. The effect of the two extracts in the cancer cell lines Hela which showed no significant differences Between the control and treatment after 24 and 48 h but significant differences at P<0.05 was excited in mean of cell numbers after treatment for 72 h which refer to increased effect in the cells with the durance of treatment, for the cancer cell line AMG - 5 significant differences was excited at P<0.05 in the mean of cell numbers after 24 and 48 the lowest concentrations and with the highest concentration of the extracts B6 and B11 after 72 h of treatment. While for the transformed normal cell line L20B the effect of either of the two extract B6 and B11 was variant which showed significant differences in mean of viable cell numbers after 24 h of treatment with the lowest concentration of the extract B6 and the highest and median concentrations of the extract B11, their the behaviour of this cells was similar with the cells of cancer cell line RD which showed no response after 48 h of treatment with the two extracts which disappeared but it different after 72 h of treat men which refer to increased cells resistance.

تقييم اختبار البروكالســيتونين في التشخيص المبكر لتسمم الدم الجرثومي في الاطفال حديثي الولادة في مستشفى تــكريــت التعليــمي == Evaluation of Procalcitonin Test for Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis in Tikrit - Teaching Hospital

Author name: سـهى ماهــر عبـد الرشـــــيد
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | موسى جاسم محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: ان تشخيص الخمج ضمن فئة حديثي الولادة يعتبر بحد ذاته تحد , نظرا لكون الاختبارات التقليدية غالبا ما تؤدي الى التضليل بدل التشخيص . صممت هذه الدراسة لاجل البت بامكانية استخدام اختبار مستوى البروكالسيتونين كمعلم للتشخيص المبكر للحالات المشكوك باصابتها بتسمم الدم الجرثومي في حديثي الولادة بالمقارنه مع زرع الدم, C - reactive protein , عدم خلايا الدم البيض الكلي والتفريقي. تم جمع العينات التي اشتملت على كلا الجنسين خلال الفترة الزمنيه من شهر اب سنة 2008 ولغاية شهر اذار سنة 2009 من حديثي الولادة الوافدين الى ردهات الخدج والاطفال في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي والمشخصه سريرا من قبل طبيب الاطفال المختص على اشتباه اصابتهم بالمرض. لقد اشتملت الدراسه على 114 حاله اجري فحص زرع الدم في جميعها بينما اجريت فحوصات الدم ل 102 حاله , تم فحص CRP ل 84 حالة واختبر مستوى البروكالسيتونين في 73 حالة حيث يعزى عدم تساوي العدد الى عدم كفاية الدم لاجراء جميع الاختبارات . اظهرت نتائج زرع الدم ان 53 (46%) من العينات كانت موجبه منها, 32 (60%) ذكور و21 (40%) اناث . عدد حالات زرع الدم السالبة كانت 61 ( 54%) منها , 31 (51%) اناث و30 (49%) ذكور.اظهرت نتيجة التشخيص المختبري بان العزلات البكتيرية الاكثر شيوعيا كانت من جنس البكتريا العنقوديه السالبة لانزيم التجلط ومن Nocardia spp. لانزيم التخثر بنسبة 22% لكليهما تتبعها بكتريا Listeria monocytogenes بنسبة 17% تليها Klebsiella pneumoniae بنسبة 9% و6 % لكل منPseudomonas aeruginosa وStaphylococcus aureus اما باقي الانواع (Citrobacter diversus, Serratia marscesens, Serratia liquifascens, Lactobacillus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes ) فقد كانت غير شائعة واعطت نسب 2% لكل واحد . بينت هذه الدراسة ان حملة تسمم الدم الجرثومي المتاخر سجلت 67% من الحالات بينما الباقي من النسبه ( 33%) كان ل حملة تسمم الدم الجرثومي المبكر .لقد كان عدد حالات التسمم الجرثومي المؤكد بين الذكور اعلى 32 (60 ) منه في الاناث 21 (40%). تبين ان من بين جميع المظاهر السريريه , قلة الرضاعة شكل اعلى نسبة بينما اعراض تبقع الجلد والقباع اعطت اقل نسبة, كما وبينت بان 30% فقط من الاصابات كانت عند الاطفال ذوي الوزن الطبيعي بينما شكل الاطفال الذين يقل وزنهم عن الطبيعي نسبة 70% . اظهرت دراسة عوامل الخطورة في الامهات بان العامل الاكثر شيوعا كان تمزق الغشاء الامنيوني لفترة تزيد عن 18 ساعة يتبعه عامل التهاب المجاري البولية والحمى واختناق داخل الرحم بالتتابع. نسبة الوفيات كانت اعلى في الحمله المتاخره لتسمم الدم كما كانت نسبة الوفيات اعلى عند حديثي الولادة ناقصي الوزن عنه عند ذوي الوزن الطبيعي احصائيا, كان لذوي الوزن الاقل من الطبيعي اهميه من الناحيه الاحصائيه . اظهر اختبار فحص الحساسية ان عزلات البكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرام كانت ذات مقاومه عاليه للمضادات المستخدمة في الدراسة الحالية بينما كل عزلة من عزلات البكتريا الموجبة لصبغة كرام كان لها نمط مقاومه مختلف للمضادات . كما واظهرت الدراسة لعوامل الضراوة بان العزلات البكترية السالبة لصبغة كرام كانت موجبة لاختبار انتاج انزيم اليوريز واختبار انزيم الهيمولايسن واختبار انزيم اللايبيز واللسيثينيز والبروتييزبنسبة 85% , 100% , 100% , 100% و62% على التوالي بينما كانت العزلات الموجبة لصبغة كرام موجبة للاختبارات بنسبة 61% , 100%, 89%, 94% و785 عالتوالي. اظهرت فحوصات الدم الروتينيه والتي كانت ذات قيمه معنويه بان 33% من بين حالات زرع الدم الموجبة كان عدد خلايا الدم البيض فيها منخفض , 19% من الحالات كان عدد الخلايا البيض مرتفع اما باقي النسبة المؤية فقد كان نتيجة فحص عد خلايا ضمن المستوى الطبيعي فيما يتعلق بحالة تواجد الخلايا العدله غير الناضجة في الدم المحيطي فقد بينت الدراسه ان 79% من حالات زرع الدم الموجبة كانت ايضا موجبة من ناحية تواجد الخلايا العدله غير الناضجه فالدم بينما باقي النسبة ضمن حالات زرع الدم الموجب فقد كانت سالبة لتواجد هذا النوع من الخلايا.علما ان الاختلافات الاحصائيه المتعلقه بالخلايا العدله غير الناضجه كانت ذات قيمة معنويه عاليه. بالنسبة لفحص CRP كانت الفروقات الاحصائيه غير ذات قيمه معنويه مابين الحالات الموجبه لزرع الدم عن الحالات السالبه . وفيما يخص نتيجة فحص PCT الذي تم قياسه باستخدام طريقة القياس شبة الكمي الكرماتوغرافيه المناعيه فقط ظهر ان تركيز البروكالسيتونين في المصل لم يكن ذا فرق احصائي معنوي بين المرضى المصابين ببكتريا موجبه لصبغة كرام عن المصابين ببكتريا سالبة لصبغة كرام. اظهرت نتائج دراستنا ان 21% من حالات زرع الدم الموجبه اعطت مستوى بروكالسيتونين اقل من 0.5 نانوغرام لكل مل وباقي النسبة توزعت بين مستويات البروكالسيتونين الباقيه ≥0.5 ≥2 ≥10. بالنسبة لحالات زرع الدم السالبة فقد اظهرت نتيجة قياس مستوى PCT بان نسبة 49% كان ضمن مستوى البروكالسيتونين<0.5 نانوغرام لكل مل بينما 51% كانت ضمن المستويات ≥0.5 ≥2 ≥ 10 نانوغرام لكل مل بمعنى لايمكن استبعاد حصول اصابة جهازيه حتى لو كانت نتيجة الزرع الدم سلبية. كما لم تتوافق نتيجة البروكالسيتونين مع نتيجة فحص الCRP لكل الحالات فقد سجلت اعلى مستويات للبروكالسيتونين بينما كان فحص ال CRP لها سالب , ومن مقارنة نتائج عد الخلايا البيض مع نتيجة البروكالسيتونين التي اجريت لنفس الحالات ظهر بان 68 % من الحالات كانت ضمن معدل عدد الخلايا الطبيعي بالوقت الذي اعطت مستوى عالي للبروكالسيتنوين≤10 نانوغرام لكل مل و18% فقط من الحالات كان عدد الخلايا البيض مرتفع وباقي النسبة اشتملت عل حالات انخفض بها عدد الخلايا البيض عن الطبيعي . من بين كل الحالات الي اجري لها فحص مستوى البروكالسيتونين سجلت 39 حالة بنسبة 53 % ظهرت بها الخلايا البيض العدلة غير الناضجة فالدم المحيطي . عند مقارنة اختبار البروكالسيتونين مع باقي الفحوصات الروتينه المستخدمه بالدراسه اتضح بانه اكثر حساسية في تشخيص تسمم الدم الجرثومي وفقا لذلك , نستنتج بان البروكالسيتونين هو محدد اكثر حساسية من الفحوصات التقليدية( فحص زرع الدم وفحص ال CRP وفحص عد الخلايا البيض) في التشخيص المبكر لتجرثم الدم الناجم عن البكتريا عند الاطفال حديثي الولاده . | The diagnosis of neonatal infection is challenging because traditional markers of infection are often misleading instead of diagnosing. This study was conducted to determine Procalcitonin (PCT) level as an early marker for diagnosis of suspected sepsis in neonates in comparison with C - reactive protein, blood culture, total and differential white blood cell counts. From August, 2008 till March, 2009, samples were taken from neonates (males and females) admitted to the pediatrics - neonatal wards at Tikrit Teaching Hospital who were clinically suspected with sepsis as diagnosed by the physician in the hospital with any features suggestive of sepsis. The study includes a total of 114 cases. Blood cultures were done for all cases. Hematological tests were performed for 102 cases. C - reactive protein (CRP) was determined in 84 cases, while Procalcitonin level was determined in 73 cases. The differences in the number of samples involved in each test were due to the inadequate amount of blood specimens to perform all investigations. The results of blood culture showed that 53 (46%) of samples were positive, of them 32 (60%) were males and 21 (40%) were females. The number of negative cases were 61 (54%), of them 31 (51%) were females and 30 (49%)were males. The results of identification showed that the most frequent bacterial isolates were Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and Nocardia spp. (22% for each), followed by Listeria monocytogenes 17%, Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9% Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6% and Staphylococcus aureus 6%, while (Citrobacter diversus, Serratia marscesens, Serratia liquifascens, Lactobacillus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes) were frequently less isolated recording 2% for each . This study revealed that, late - sepsis was recorded in 67% of cases while the rest (33%) were with early - sepsis and also revealed that. The number of proven sepsis were higher in males 32 (60%) than in females 21 (40%). Among all clinical manifestation, poor feeding had the highest proportion, while mottling and grunting had the smallest proportion. Only 30% of neonates were of normal birth weight, while 70% were low birth weight, very low birth weight and, extremely low birth weight respectively. Study of maternal risk factors revealed that the most frequent factor was the Prolonged Rupture of membrane followed by maternally UTI, fever and intrapartum asphyxia, respectively. The fatality rate was higher in late - sepsis cases, also it was higher in low birth weight than in normal birth weight neonates, statistically VLBW had the highest value. The antibiotics susceptibility test revealed that Gram negative isolates showed high resistance to antibiotics used in the present study. Each isolate of the Gram positive bacteria showed different pattern of resistance against the antibiotics used. Results of virulence factor showed that 85%, 100%, 100% , 100% and 62% of Gram negative isolates and 61%, 100% , 89%, 94% and 78% of Gram positive isolated produced Urease , Hemolysin, Lipase, Lecithinase and alkaline protease, respectively. Results of routine hematological tests at which the differences were statistically significant showed that 33% of culture positive cases had leucopenia, 19% of cases had leukocytosis, while the rest were in the category of normal range. Concerning the shift to left, results showed that (79%) of culture positive cases were recorded as positive and the rest were negative shift to left neutrophil the differences concerning with the shift left were statistically highly significant. For CRP, the differences were not significant among culture positive and culture neative cases. With reference to PCT test which had been measured using the immunochromatographic semi - quantitative method, that serum procalcitonin concentrations were not significantly different between the patients with Gram - positive and those with Gram negative infections. Results of our study showed that 21% of culture positive cases were <0.5 ng/ml (which were regarded as negative), while the rest which were with high level of PCT were distributed among levels of PCT≥0.5 ≥2 ≥10 ng/ml. As for culture negative cases, 49% of PCT were <0.5 ng/ml, while 51% of cases were in levels of ≥0.5 ≥2 ≥10 ng/ml which means that systemic infections cannot be excluded though they were culture negative. In addition PCT results did not fit with CRP all the time since some cases recorded higher level of PCT ≥10 ng/ml despite they were negative for CRP. The comparison between results of PCT and WBC for the same performed cases showed that 68% of cases were in the category of normal WBC range, meanwhile they had high level of PCT. Only 18% were in the category of leukocytosis, and the rest of percentage were in the category of leucopenia. Among all cases performed for PCT, 39 (53%) cases had left shift neutrophil in the peripheral blood when the differential counts were performed. when PCT was compared with other routinely measured parameters used in this study, It seemed to be significantly more sensitive in sepsis diagnosis. Accordingly, we can conclude that PCT is a more sensitive marker than other traditional tests (blood culture, CRP and WBC count) that could be used in early diagnosis of bacterial sepsis in neonates.

دور بعض اجناس الساينو بكتريا في التحلل الحيوي لبعض المركبات النفطية

Author name: محمود خلف صالح الجبوري
Supervisor name: علي صالح حسين الجبوري | اياد محمد علي فاضل العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة عزل وتشخيص ثلاثة اجناس من السيانوبكتريا من بيئات التربة والمياه العذبة في محاولة لمعرفة دور هذه الاحياء في عملية التحلل الحيوي للمركبات الهيدروكاربونية وهذه الاجناس هيNostoc sp. , Anabaena sp. ,Microcyst sp. واستخدم نوعان من المركبات الهيدروكاربونية هي نفط كركوك الخام وزيت الغاز.بينت النتائج ان لجميع عزلات السيانوبكتريا المختبرة القدرة على استحلاب واسع للمركبات الهيدروكاربونية في النسب 2%,1%,0.5% في العزلات الحاوية على الحويصلة المغايرة ، بينما كانت النسب 1%,0.5% هي اكثر استحلابا في الجنس Microcyst sp. غير الحاوي على الحويصلة . في حين لم تكن العزلات ذات قدرة عالية على الاستحلاب في التركيز5% . وقد اظهرت التحاليل المجراة باستخدام جهاز طيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء تغيرا واضحا في تركيب هذه المركبات النفطية.كما تناولت الدراسة تاثير هذه المركبات في بعض الفعاليات الفسلجية للسيانوبكتريا مثل كمية الكلوروفيل(A) وبعض التغيرات المظهرية والخلوية في السيانوبكتريا مثل تكرار الحويصلات المغايرة ، وقد بينت النتائج ان المركبات النفطية ادت الى اختزال كبير في نسبة الكلوروفيل (A) حيث كان التناسب عكسيا بين نسبة الكلوروفيل وتركيز المركب الهيدروكاربوني . كما ادت المركبات الهيدروكاربونية الى زيادة كبيرة في عدد الحويصلات المغايرة ، وان النسب 1%,0.5% من هذه المركبات كانت الاكثر تاثيرا في زيادة عدد الحويصلات .كما تناولـت الدراسة اجراء اختبار البقائية للـسيانوبكتـريا في التراكيــز 80,60,40,20 ) % ) من النفط الخام وزيت الغاز وقد لوحظ ان بقائيـة الاجناس في زيت الغاز كانت اعلى منها في النفط الخام مما يدل على ان تاثير زيت الغاز كان اقل من تاثير النفط الخام .

دراسة بكتريولوجية لاخماج المسالك البولية للنساء الحوامل والمصابات بارتفاع ضغط الدم وداء السكري في منطقة تكريت == Bacteriological Study of Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant, Hypertensive, And Diabetic Women In Tikrit Region

Author name: اسراء عز الدين ابراهيم
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: النساء المتزوجات والحوامل والنساء المصابات بداء السكري وضغط الدم المرتفع ومدى مقاومتها للمضادات الحيوية لقد اشتملت الدراسة على 411 عينة ادرار من المريضات المراجعات لمستشفى تكريت التعليمي و100 عينة ادرار كمجموعة ضابطة للفترة من تشرين الثاني2008 ولغاية ايلو | This study aimed to isolate and identify the bacterial causative agents of urinary tract infections among married, pregnant, diabetic and hypertensive women and to determine the susceptibility of isolated bacteria to different antibiotics. The study included 411 urine samples for women attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital, besides 100 urine samples used as a control group. The study carried out for the period from November 2008 to September 2009.E. coli was the most isolated bacteria at the rate of 31.8 % from married women followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus 18.18 % and Staphylococcus aureus 15.90%. In the pregnant women, S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria 48.10 % followed by E. coli 20.25 % and S. aureus 12.65 %, and in the diabetic women, S. saprophyticus was the common isolated bacteria 32.07 % followed by E. coli 28.30 % and S. epidermidis 15.09 %. In the hypertensive women, S. saprophyticus 30.35% was the common isolated bacteria followed by E. coli 25.0% and S. aureus 19.64 %. In the case of diabetic pregnant women, and in the hypertensive pregnants S. saprophyticus was the most isolated bacteria, (80 % and 75 % respectively), while E. coli 44.4% was the common isolated bacteria among the diabetic hypertensive women. Out of all isolates, S. saprophyticus 35.13 % came in the first rank followed by E. coli 26.64% and S. aureus 12.74% while Klebsiella oxytoca and Serratia odorifera (0.38% for each of them) were the lowest isolates. Urinary tract infection was common among urban patients 57.49%.The isolated bacteria showed different susceptibility to the antibiotics used in this study. S. saprophyticus isolates showed high sensitivity to Amikacin, Nitrofuratoin and Cefolaxime (the resistance rate for these antibiotics were 11 %, 12.1 % and 12.1 % respectively). While these isolates showed high resistance to Streptomycin 76.9 %, Nalidixic acid 67 % and Cephalexin 69.29 %. E. coli isolates showed low resistance rate to Amikacin 9.28 %, Ciprofloxacin 10.1 %, whereas showed high resistance rate to Cephalexin 47. %, Streptomycin 84 % and Ampicillin 82.6 %. The isolates of S. aureus showed low resistance to Ciprofloxacin 18.2 %, Carbencillin 18.2 % and Amikacin 15.2 % and high resistance for Ampicillin 18.8 %, Nalidixic acid 75.8 % and Cephalexin 72.79 %. Other isolated bacteria showed a different percentages of susceptibility to antibiotics Serratia odorifera, Proteus vulgaris and Enterococcus faecalis showed a significant resistance to antibiotics, while S. epidermidis isolates showed low percentages of resistance to Ciprofloxacin 9.1 %, Amikacin 18.2 % and Gentamicin 9.1 %. For S. saprophyticus the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) resulted from Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Cefotaxime were 8 - 32, 8 - 64 and 4 - 8 ?g/ml, and for E. coli the MIC results were 2, 8 - 16 and 16 - 64 ?g/ml. The MIC results were 2 - 8, 8 - 128, 32 - 256 ?g/ml for S. aureus, while the MIC results were 8 - 32, 16 - 64 and 16 - 128 ?g/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae.

دراسة بكتيريولوجية وراثية لبعض الانواع المعزولة من المصابين وغير المصابين بداء السكري == Bacteriological And Genetic Study of Some Species of Bacteria That Isolated From Patients And Healthy of Diabetes

Author name: قناة محمود عطية سلامة الجبوري
Supervisor name: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري | رشيد حميد حسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومختبرات قسم علوم الحياة - كلية العلوم في جامعة تكريت للمدة من كانون الثاني 2010 لغاية كانون الثاني 2011، تضمنت جمع 534 عينة من اخماج المسالك البولية والجروح للمرضى المصابين بالنوع الاول والثاني من السكري | The study was conducted in the Laboratories of Teaching Tikrit Hospital and the laboratories of the Biology Department - College of Science - Tikrit University from January 2010 to the January 2011. In this study five hundreds thirty four samples of urine and wounds from patients with diabetes and healthy were collected from both sexes and all ages to isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria by morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics then determination of virulence factors and genetic variation between dominant type depending on the isolating source and the type of infection in diabetic patients. The counts of urinary tract infections and wound infection in non _diabetic patients were 118 and 52 respectively.The percentage of positive isolation of bacteria for both of them were 44, and 38.4% respectively and from the same patients with urinary tract Infections and wounds and Insulin Depended Diabetes (IDD) patients were 158 and 68 samples respectively and the percentage of bacterial isolation were at 78.5 and 67.6% respectively. The patients with Insulin Non - dependent Diabetes (INDD) were 69 and 42 samples, where positive isolates from bacteria were 75 and 71.4% respectively. The infections females from the Healthy and Diabetes Patients that (IDD) or (INDD) were larger than that of the males patients and with the same state with the wounds infections state for (IDD) patients, whereas the rate was smaller than of males for wounds infections to patients with the other diabetes infections type. The age group between 41 - 60 years was the larger percentage with all infections, except with wounds infections to (INDD) patients, while the age group between 16 - 40 years was the larger, and the infections were the largest means in the Winter and Autumn compare the other seasons.The higher rate of bacteria that isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infections was Escherichia coli then other types like Citrobacter diversus , Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The larger rate of bacteria in patients with diabetes and wounds Infections was Escherichia coli then Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of diabetes infections with urinary tract infections and wounds increased in winter and autumn seasons more than of summer and spring seasons, Most bacterial isolates where sensitive for chloramphenicol.Other antibiotics were highly variable in their ability to inhibit bacterial isolates.the bacterial isolates were different in their ability to produce virulence factors, the diabetes infections was the reason of increase the variation in their ability to produce that virulence factor and the bacteria that isolated from diabetes patients produced haemolysine factor and capsule.PCR technique was used to show the genetic variations for the more repeats bacterial isolates isolated from all sources infections and used the Specific Primers (KPSMT II) group II capsule, (CNF1) Cytotoxic Necrotizing factor, (CNFs) and (HLY A) haemolysine, the bands appeared after electrophoresis to represent the used Primers, one band was appeared in the sample of diabetes Patients with Urinary Tract Infections(KPSMT II) at molecular weight 270 bp, and one band appeared in the sample of diabetes with urinary tract infections for Primer (HLY A) and it is molecular weight was 177 bp. One band appeared in the sample of diabetes patients for the primer (CNF1)hg with Wound Infections and it is molecular weight 450 bp, and there is not any band in the Primer (CNFs).

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر مرضية مختلفة ودراسة امراضيتها في الفئران المختبرية == Isolation And Diagnosis of Enterococcus Faecalis From Different Clinical Sources And Study of The Pathogenicity In Experimental Mice

Author name: عباس ياسين حسن
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | عباس عبود فرحان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية بهدف عزل وتشخيص المكورات المعوية البرازية Enterococcus faecalis من مصادر سريرية مختلفة، وتقييم التغيرات المظهرية والافات المرضية في بعض اعضاء الفئران البيض السويسرية المصابة تجريبيا لذا تضمنت هذه الدراسة محورين رئيسين هما : الجانب ال | The present study was conducted to isolate and diagnose an Enterococcus faecalis which are isolated from different clinical sources, and evaluate the appearance changes and pathological lesions in some Swiss white mice organs which are infected experimentally, so this study deals with two main aspects : The bacteriological type : The results obtained may be summarized as follows : - The total number of (310) clinical samples were collected from Baquba Educational Hospital and Al - Batol Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baquba city from the beginning of March to the end of September (2009) with various ages and from both sexes, including (82) urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections, (46) vaginal swab from infection of female reproduction system, (45) surgical wound swabs, (38) stool sample from patients with abdominal pains and diarrhea, (32) throat swabs from tonsillitis patients, (25) middle ear swabs, (22) burn swabs, and (20) blood sample from patients with bacteremia and prosthetic valvular heart diseases. The isolates diagnose depended on the cultural and microscobial characteristics and biochemical tests, serological diagnosis according to Lancefield method and assertion diagnosis according to (API - 20 Strep) was done to find (32) isolates of Enterococcus : (28) isolates of E. faecalis (87.5%), (3) isolates of E. faecium (9.4%) and one isolate of E.gallinarum (3.1%). - The sensitivity of E. faecalis was tested against (23) different antibiotics. The isolates showed resistance of about (100%) against Aztreonam, Amikacin, Co - Trimoxazole, Cephalexin and Cefotaxime, while the isolates were sensitive about (100%) against Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem and Ampicillin, while they showed a various resistance to another antibiotics involved in this study. - The ability of the isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes was tested by the standard rapid iodometric method. The results showed the disability of these isolates for producing the Beta - lactamase enzymes. - The production ability of E. faecalis for some virulence factors was evaluated. The results showed the ability of these isolates of adherence to the uroepithelial cells of human's urinary system were (93%), and (82.1%) were bacteriocin producer, and (28.6%) were hemolysin producer, and (43%) were gelatinase producer, and (10.7%) were lipase producer, and (35.7%) were capsule producer, and (14.3%) were cytolysin producer, while none of the isolates under the study showed the ability of haemagglutination.Histopathology type : (4.6 x 106) cell / ml concentration of the bacterial suspension of E. faecalis was used orally on mice and histopathological changes were examined after (3, 5, 7, 14) days of infection, which revealed the ability of bacteria for colonization and causing pathological lesions and many histological changes in the liver, kidney, small intestine and hearts of these animals. The damage in the animal tissues of the second group (treated with Streptomycin and EFU10) was more than that in the third group (treated with Streptomycin and EFS14), and fourth group (treated with EFU10 only). Generaly, the most important histopathological changes were the necrosis in some areas, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in infected tissues. These pathological lesions cause damage and decompose of tissues with distortion of their morphologies.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع الجراثيم المسببة لالتهابات الزائدة الدودية في مدينة تكريت == Isolation And Identification of Some Baceterial Speices Which Caused Appendices Infections In Tikrit City

Author name: عبد عبد الله محمد الجبوري
Supervisor name: اميرة محمود محمد الراوي | علي صالح حسين الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة جمع 75 عينة من الزائدة الدودية (Appendices) مباشرة بعد استئصالها من المرضى الراقدين في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومن كلا الجنسين، الذين خضعوا لعملية استئصالها وللمدة من اب عام 2008 ولغاية نيسان 2009. عزلت الجراثيم من العينات باستخدام الاوساط الز

تحديد مقاومة بعض الجراثيم المعزولة من اخماج في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي للمضادات الحيوية وعلاقتها بالبلازميدات == Determination The Antibiotic Resistance of The Some Isolated Bacteria From Tikrit Teaching Hospital Infections And Their Relationship With Plasmids

Author name: شيماء عبد محمد علي
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | خالد عمر محمد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت (140) عينة من المرضى الراقدين لثلاثة ايام فاكثر في مستشفى تكريت التعليمي للمدة من 1 - 8 - 2009 ولغاية 1 - 12 - 2009 بهدف تحديد العزلات الجرثومية الاكثر شيوعا ضمن اخماج مستشفى تكريت التعليمي ومقاومة هذه العزلات للمضادات الحيوية ودراسة العلاقة بين مقاو | One hundred fourti samples were collected from hospitalized patients for three days or more in the Tikrit Teaching Hospital during the period from 1/8/2009 until 1/12/2009 to determine the most commonly isolated bacterial from nosocomial infections in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and their resistance to antibiotics and to study the relationship between antibiotics resistance and plasmid content in the most commonly isolated bacteria and to evaluate the prevalence of these plasmids in the hospital environment. These samples include : (75) Urine, (28) stool, (28) of wound swabs and (9) sputum samples.The incidence of nosocomial infection was (45.7%) of them, urinary tract infections were (50.7%) from (75) samples, followed by wound infections (42.9%) from (28) samples, gastrointestinal infections (39.3%) from (28) samples then pneumonia (33.3%) from (9) samples the nosocomial infections were more common in females and age group 51 - 89 years. Different bacterial species were isolated in this study and the results showed that the most commonly isolated type was Citrobacter koseri in a proporation (21%) of urinary tract infections, followed by the following bacterial species : Escherichia coli (15.7%), Staphylococcus schleiferi (10.5%) , Staphylococcus epidermidis (7, 8%), Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus saprophytica, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella ornithindytica in aproportion (5.2%) for each, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia stuartii, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis in aproportion (2.6%) for each.Citro. koseri were also the most common in wound infections (25%), followed by the following bacterial species : E.coli (16.6%), P.mirabilis (16.6%), Staph.schleiferi, P.vulgaris, Prov.stuartii and Prov.rettgeri in aproportion (8.3%) for each. Citro.koseri were also the most common in the gastrointestinal tract infections in a proporation (36.3%), followed by E.coli (18.1%), S.flexneri (18.1%), P.mirabilisc, Prov.stuartii, Prov.alcalifaciens in a proporation (9%) for each. . While Strept.pneumoniae was the most common(66.7%) in penemonia cases followed by K.pneumoniae (33.3%).The isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotics susceptibility and it has been found that most of these isolates showed high resistance to the studied antibiotics other than Prov. Stuartti was sensitive to all antibiotics except of Rifampicin and Tetracycline. As well as bacterial species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus were sensitive to Amikacin, Staph.aureus was also sensitive to Nitrofurantoin while Staph.warneri was also sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin also Enterobacter aerogenes was resistant to all antibiotics except for Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofuratoin. Eleven of most commonly isolated bacteria which were multidrug resistant were chosen for the curing experiments using SDS to study the relationship of their plasmids with resistant to antibiotics. The results showed that the cured cells of E.coli lost their resistance to Tetracycline Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime which Citro.koseri lost their resistance to Tetracycline while K. ornithinolytica lost resistance to both antibiotics Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin either P.mirabilis lost resistance only to tetracyclin as well as Strept.pneumoniae lost their resistance to Cefotaxime, tracycline and Ampicillin. Which may mean that the genes responsible for resistance to these antibiotics are located on plasmids as proven by the results of electrophoresis.Electrophoresis results also showed that all studied bacterial isolates had the same plasmid profile which may regarded as an epidemiological pointer that plasmids are conjugative which have the ability to transfer antibiotic resistance to other bacterial strains of the same species or to other different bacterial species.

دراسة بيئية ونوعية لمشروع تصفية ماء الكرخ في الطارمية == An Ecological And Qualitativ Study For Al - Karkh Drinking Water Plane At Al - Tarmia

Author name: احمد توفيق احمد المشهداني
Supervisor name: رياض عباس عبد الجبار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: نظرا لما لمياه الشرب من اهمية كبيرة في حياة الانسان وضرورة ان تكون هذه المياه ضمن مواصفات ومعايير خاصة, فضلا عن ظهور العديد من مشاكل تلوث مياه الشرب في مختلف مدن العراق. دعت الحاجة لاجراء هذه الدراسة لبيان مدى صلاحية مياه الشرب المنتجة من مشروع تصفية ماء | Owing to the drinking water of great importance in human life and it is important to be under the specifications and standards, as well as the emergence of many of the problems of contamination of drinking water in various cities of Iraq. Needed to conduct this study to demonstrate the viability of drinking water produced from the project filter water Karkh (which is the largest project the liquidation of water in the Middle East, it is feeds many of the cities of Baghdad, on the side of Karkh) and compare the specifications of Iraq and the global standard for drinking water in order to investigate the potential weaknesses in the project and study the possibility of the development of such large projects as a first step to improving the situation of drinking water in Iraq. So were the tests, physical, chemical and biological common to drinking water in the project and divided into four main stations, namely, (station socket raw water, sedimentation basins secondary sand filters, pumps, distribution of drinking water), including nine stations secondary starting of the month of October - 2010 to July - 2011.The results showed high values of turbidity, and electrical condactivety and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and biological dimond of oxygen, and alkalinity, and total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, phosphate, nitrite, silica, fluoride, sodium, potassium, and heavy metals, namely, (iron, copper and cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium and zinc), and the total numbers of bacteria, and total coliform bacteria, the fecal coliform bacteria and E. Coli in drinking water for most of the stations in the Alsta spring and low concentrations in summer and autumn.Values for water temperatures between (4 - 37.5) c, as recorded differences significant between the months of winter and spring, summer and autumn, and the values of brownish discharge ranged between (250 - 0.3) NTU as it showed the differences of the moral high values of turbidity in the winter and fall in the summer and fall in each stage of the treatmant with it, and the values of electrical conductivity was between (520 - 895) Micro Siemens / cm 3. The water Alnehrualcherb in the project was registered as a weak base pH values between (9.7 to 1.7), and it was well ventilated, as the oxygen values were high in the winter months registered clear monthly variation ranging between (5.14 - 2.3) mg / L, either values biologicaldimond of oxygen were values between (4.4 - ND) mg / L and found that basal total stations ranged from every stage of the liquidation potential in increasing concentrations of dissolved oxygen, between (160 - 100) mg / L, and found that drinking water hardness too, as that the values of total hardness ranged between ( - 215 335) mg / L as suited their values directly proportional to both the calcium and magnesium hardness ranging between (197 - 139) and (31.472 - 16.128) mg / L, respectively, while for the values of the chloride ranged between (69 - 25) mg / l, while the fluoride has recorded values ranged between (15 - 0.05) mg / L, with values ranging between sulfate (169.2 - 90) mg / L, free chlorine residual values ranged between (4.18 - 1.1) mg / L, and materials for suspended solids ranged values between (84 - ND) mg / L proven contribution stages of liquidation, all in the rates of removal of different, either TDS fluctuated values between (545 - 315) mg / L, with log Aluminum values ranged between (0.98 - 0.01) mg / L, but for the potassium values ranged between (3.2 - 2.15) mg / L, and sodium values ranging between (6.31 to 3.21) mg / liter.As for the concentrations of heavy metals did not detect any significant concentration of heavy metals measured except for iron ranging between concentrations (9.2 to 8.1) mg / L, so after the industrial plants that contain the droppings of these metals. The nutrient values were recorded between nitrite (0.024 - 0.001) mg / Trosgelt nitrate values between (1.7 - 0.16) mg / l, recorded between ammonia (0.54 - ND) mg / L, placed at either phosphate values ranged between (0.26 - ND) mg phosphorus atom - phosphate / L, while for the values of silica fluctuated between values (5.12 to 5.1) mg atom of silicon - silica / liter. As for the study of signs bacteriological ranged the total numbers of bacteria in air through (24) hours between (555 - 0) × 10 cells / 1 ml, and ranged in numbers for a period of (48) hours between (1186 - 0) 10 × cells / 1 ml, while for the numbers of total coliform bacteria fluctuated between (1700 - 0) cells / 100 liters, and fecal coliform bacteria, they ranged (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml, and the E.coli bacteria, the numbers fluctuated between (1100 - 0) cells / 100 ml. For to match the drinking waterproduced from the projects liquefaction research found matching the values and concentrations of brownish, and connectivity electrical and pH, and dissolved oxygen, and the requirement is vital for oxygen, and basic college, and chloride, and ten college, and magnesium, nitrite, phosphate, and the total numbers of bacteria, and the numbers of total coliform bacteria, and fecal coliform bacteria and E Coli, and silica with the standard specifications for drinking water the Iraqi and global at all stations.While the study results show non - conformity of calcium concentrations in this study with the standard specifications for drinking water of Iraq and the world.

تقييم فعالية مستخلصات مستنبت القمح Triticum aestivum في بعض الانواع البكتيرية المسببة لاخماج مختلفة == Evaluation The Activity of Germinated Wheat Extractions Triticum Aestivum On Some Bacterial Species That Cause Different Infections

Author name: اسماء عيسى محمود
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد حسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: The study had included isolation and diagnosis of three hundred samples for both sexes their ages were between (1 - 60) years of the inpatients and outpatients in Tikrit Teaching Hospital and General Samarraa Hospital during the period from 1/9 / 2011 to 1/3/2012. The infections were distributed among the burns infections, the wounds, urinary tract infections (UTI) and female genital tract infections (High vagina). This study clarified that (192) sample from the total samples showed bacterial growth in percentage 64%. The results of this study indicated to the proportion 58% with (UTI) by (87) bacterial isolation were produced from (150) isolation. The percentage of burns infections were 81.81% from (55) sample which distributed among the first, second and third class burns. The burns of second and third class gave bacterial growth in a proportion 100% while the first class burns gave 64.28%. Concerning the wounds infections, bacterial growth was 62.9% from (62) sample. The infections proportion of (H.V) was 63.63% from (33) sample. The results of the current study showed that the infections in females were higher that in males with respect to (UTI), while there was not considered difference between the males and females about the burns and wounds infections. Differently, the (H.V) infections were just for the females in the ages between (18 - 45). It was clear according to the results of diagnosis that Escherichia coli had the highest proportion of isolations 25.52% from the total isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus 18.23% Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.63%, both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus miribilis 10.42% Staphylococcus epidermidis 4.69% Citrobacter freundii 4.17%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3.64% both Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis 2.6%, Streptococcus pyogenes 1.56% and Staphylococcus intermedius had the least percentage 0.5% by one from (192) isolate. The sensitivity of these isolates was tested by (10) antibiotic which included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta - lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Among these antibiotics imipenem and ciprofloxacin were more effective, while the other antibiotics were different either active or not active at all.The wheat germinating was used in this study with the ages (36 - 48) hour and its activity was tested by using some bacterial kinds. After completing several quantitative and qualitative tests on this germinating, the carbohydrates proportion was between 67 - 70%, the protein proportion by folin method was between 10 - 8%, the lipids proportion was 1.5%.Some mineral elements in germinated wheat were estimated which include Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Selenium, and Sodium element, active materials were also estimated in the wheat germinating extracts which had inhibitory effect on the microbiology. It was clear by the tests that the germinating contains a lot of Phenolic compounds, Terpeniods, glycosides and steroids. These materials were extracted by using some extracts included the cold water extracts and hot water extracts, alcoholic extracts (ethanol and methanol) and phenolic extract. All the extracts prepared in concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200) mg/ ml. This study showed that the phenolic extract had high effect on the bacterial kinds in comparison with the methanolic and ethanolic extracts at (200) mg/ ml concentration while the cold water extract had less effect on these bacterial isolates in comparison with the above extracts, finally the hot water extract had no inhibitory effect against any isolated bacterial type with all the concentrations. The inhibitory action of these extracts was compared with some antibiotics as a control sample. These antibiotics represents different groups of antibiotics and which contained Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime in addition to Augmentin.In this study the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fenolic, alcoholic and watery extracts was determined and the concentration was different according to the extract type, the bacterial type and the isolation site.

تشخيص المسببات البكتيرية والفايروسية لخمج الاغشية السحائية في مدينة الموصل == Detection of Bacterial And Viral Causes of Meningitis In Mosul

Author name: قاسم مصطفى خالد
Supervisor name: علي صالح حسين الجبوري | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الاختبارات العيانية والكيميائية على عينات سائل النخاع الشوكي (CSF) cerebrospinal fluid البالغة 152 عينة والتي جمعت من الاطفال الراقدين في مستشفى الخنساء التعليمي ومستشفى ابن الاثير التعليمي في مدينة الموصل لحديثي الولادة لغاية 1 | This study includes performing of macroscopical and chemical and Microbial tests on 152 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from hospitalized children in Al - khansaa and Ibn - Al - Atheer teaching hospitals in Mosul city with ages ranged from newbornn to 12 years old. Suspected to be infected with meningitis during the interval from August 2009 till April 2010.The results showed that 46.1% of samples were normal with respect to colour and appearance as well as variations in the levels of the three variables including glucose, protein and total cell count with differential cells in the studied samples.The study also included isolation and identification of gram positive and negative bacteria, morphological, cultural and biochemical tests and API were done depending on identification of the isolated bacteria.Many types of isolated gram positive bacteria belonged to the two genera staphylococcus and streptococcus; the results revealed that S.aureus was the more predominant within gram positive causes. Well as many types of gram negative bacteria were isolated represented with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp. E.coli and Neisseria meningitidis with different percentages with dominance of K.pneumonia and H.influenzae.The study also included screening of some viral causes of meningitis from (35) CSF samples which gave negative culture results by using qualitative Enzyme immunoassays technique using Minividas apparatus.The results showed positive results with 14.2% for two types of virus including Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalo virus (CMV).The study indicated that males were more compared with Females with 55.9% and 44.1% to males and females respectively and highest infection rate occurred in 1 day - 2 years old.Statistical analysis showed the presence of significant correlation between sex, age and the three varieties glucose, protein and total cell count the results showed there is no significant differences between the studied factors.The study also includes sensitivity for some antibiotics, the results showed that gram positive bacteria were the more sensitive to Vancomycin and Cefatriaxone as well as Clindamycin while gram negative bacteria showed sensitivity and resistance percentages of bacteria in general were varied to other antibiotics under study.

دراسة تاثير مستخلصات القرفة (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) والسماق (Rhus coriaria) في التثبيط المايكروبي وبعض المعايير الحيوية في ذكور الجرذان == Study The Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) And Sumac (Rhus Coriaria) Extracts On Microbial Inhibition And Some Biological Parameters In Rats Male

Author name: فراس عدنان حسين الزيدي
Supervisor name: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة / كلية التربية وقسم علوم الاغذية / كلية الزراعة في جامعة تكريت, اذ تضمنت الدراسة التعرف على المواد الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية في كل من قلف القرفة وبذور السماق واختبار فعاليتها التثبيطية عند تركيز 10, 25 | This study was conducted in Biology department laboratory / Education college and Food science department in Agriculture college in Tikrit University. the study was conducted to investigated to the aquaies and alcoholic activities extracts from each Cinnamon bark and sumac seeds and assay of inhibition activity concentration at 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/wells against gram positive and negative bacteria and phagocytosis Immunity level after injection by E.coli type, further more to study the effect it in some physiological parameters in male rats after oral administration for 8 days by 50 and 100 mg/kg from rats body weight from each aquais and alcoholic extracts. The results was illustrated the aquaies and alcoholic extracts from each Cinnamon bark and sumac seeds were contains the active groups from compound such as Tannins, Resins, Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Coumarins. while the effects was found the aquaies extracts a high significantly effects (p < 0.05) from alcoholic by inhibition ability when assay. The Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) from each ones which mass 50 and 125 mg/ml from culture media to inhibition concentration by E.coli and S.pyogen cinnamon bark aquaies extract. it was 75 and 100 mg/ml from culture media to inhibition concentration by E.coli and S.pyogen from alcohol extracting its inhibiting efficiency throw the measure of the diameter of the inhibiting area that has shown that the gratest effect was E.coli bacteria which its diameter of inhibiting area 17 mm and when the concentration is 100 mg/wells from the alcoholic and aquaies extracting and the less effect is S.pyogen and S.aeruginosa in case of the extraction from cinnamon bark it was 17 mm the diameter of inhibiting area of E.coli bacteria. when the concentration 100 mg/wells from aquaies extracting from sumac. whether with alcohol extraction, the bacterial type were similar in their sensitivity in diameter of inhibiting from 18 to 20 mm but the oral administration of the extract on the level of phagocytosis process through the injection of rats in affixed number from E.coli bacteria. The result was illustrated the type of concentration from each cinnamon bark and sumac seeds such as aquaies and alcoholic was caused an increase in the phagocytosis process through the significantly decrease in the number of bacteria with increase of the concentration from the groups that oral administration from extraction that there number wear (zero) on the concentration 100 mg/kg from rats body weight when the time is 120 minute which was equal with effincy of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic on the concentration 5 mg/kg from rats body weight. The result also showed the effect of oral administration from the extraction of cinnamon bark and sumac seeds such as aquaies and alcoholic, that significantly caused the decreased in the concentration of the hemoglobin and Total count red blood cells and the packed cell volume on the concentration 100 mg/kg from the weight but the measures have not significantly changed the parameters MCV, MCH, MCHC with increase of concentration from extraction compared with the group of controlling. The white blood cells also decreased in the significantly aquaeis and alcoholic extracting from the cinnamon bark it was 6.8 × 103/mm3 on the oral administration of the rats from the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the aquaeis extracting, and 6.8 × 103/mm3 on the oral administration of the rats from the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the alcoholic extracting, That numbers have not affected during the oral administration from the extractions of sumac only on the concentration 100 mg/kg from the body weight of the alcohol extracting which was 5.6 × 103/mm3 the increase was in the ratio of the number of the neutrophils in the whole extraction alcoholic and aquaies for the both of plants. While the effect of oral administration from the extraction in the lipids profiles was clear in the decrease significantly in the concentration of the glucose and albumin and Urea and uric acid and creatinine and triglyceride and, cholesterol, and the low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), significant increasing in globulin and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in aquaies and alcoholic extraction of sumac seeds while the value of Total protein and HDL is not significantly differtited in aquaies and alcoholic extraction moreover oral administration of the both of plants. The enzyme activity value was included significantly decreased of the Alkaline phosphtase activity value with the increased orally administration from aquaies and alcoholic extracts from both of plants, while increased significantly Aspartames amenotransferase (AST) activity value in all cinnamon extracts while was significantly decreased when administrate from sumac seeds extract, But don’t significantly differ Alanine amenotransferase (ALT) activity value in all concentration from aquaies and alcoholic extracts from both of plants.

دراسة التاثير المثبط لبعض انواع بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك ضد بعض انواع الفطريات الممرضة والمنتجة للسموم == Study The Inhibition Effect of Some Species of Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Some Pathogenic And Toxins Producing Fungi Types

Author name: لؤي برهان مصطفى محمد
Supervisor name: كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة في كلية التربية بهدف عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك ومحاولة اختبار قابلية خلاياها او النواتج الايضية منها وكذلك دراسة تاثير المستويات المختلفة من درجة الحرارة والاس الهيدروجيني في القابليـة التثبيطية لب | This work aimed to investigate the effects of some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species (cells or their metabolic products) at different temperatures and pH levels on some soil pathogenic or toxin produced fungi species. Six LAB isolates and the identification was depended on the morphological and cultural characterized and biochemical testes, the isolates were determined as Lactobacillus delubricii subsp. delubricii, Lactobacillus delubricii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobcillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc mesentroides and Streptococcus thermophilus, and four fungal species Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus stolinfer were identified. In this study the highest inhibition effect against the above mentioned fungi was shown by L. acidophilus as a significant (P< 0.05) efficacy where the diameter of inhibition zone in case of M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, A. fumigtus and R. stolonifer was 26, 32, 30 and 28 mm respectively. Less inhibition activity was exhibited by Leu. mesentroides and Str. thermophilus while the lowest inhibition was shown by L. delubricii. Results showed also that the temperature optimal for the growth of bacterial species (except L. casei and Str. thermophilus) tested and their inhibition activity was 30 °C. However, temperature of 35 °C was the optimal for the highest inhibitory effect of both L. casei and Str. thermophilus. At 25 °C of studied bacterial species showed decreased inhibitory effect against the tested fungi. Concerning the pH, the present study showed that the highest inhibitory of all tested bacteria species (except L. acidophilus) was at pH 6.5, L. acidophilus showed such activity at pH 5.5. This study revealed that the inhibitory effect of metabolites produced mixture of the tested bacterial species was directly proportional with its concentrate. Where this mixture was used at media concentration of 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml cultural. However, metabolic products from L. acidophilus, Leu. mesentroides and Str. thermophilus was the most effective in inhibition activity compared with the rest of the bacteria species used particularly at 40 mg/ml cultural media

دراسة بكتريولوجية لبيئة بعض كهوف شمال العراق والتحري عن الدور الجرثومي فيها == A Bacteriological Study On Some North Iraqi Caves Environment And Detection On The Bacterial Role In It

Author name: امنة غانم عمر العاني
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | اميرة محمود محمد الراوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة اجراء عدد من الفحوصات البيئية والبكتريولوجية على عينات الصخور ومياه النضح البالغ عددها 100 عينة والماخوذة من بعض كهوف المنطقة الشمالية في العراق التي شملت بهيري, شرانش, خنس, بجيل وانشكي للفترة ما بين تشرين الثاني - 2010 لغاية نيسان - 2011.ت | This study was included some of ecological and bacteriological tests on rocks and dripping water samples which were included 100 samples taken from some of north region caves in Iraq including Beherii, Sharanish, Khanas, Bejeel and Inishky from the period between November - 2010 to April - 2011.The results of ecological tests which represented with cave environment temperature were ranged from (13 - 24)?C and dripping water temperature were ranged from (11 - 20)?C while the results of pH values for the same sample shows simple variation between (7 - 8) for dripping water and (6 - 9) for the rocks samples. The results of geological screening and mineralization by using X - Ray Fluorescence and X - Ray - Diffraction showed that Beherii cave was mainly composed of manganese with 102 ppm comparing with other caves. While the concentration of iron and sulfur oxides were very low for all caves. The rocks of Beherii and Khanas caves were mainly composed of Dolomite (CaMg (CO3)2), Sharanish cave was composed of Calcite (CaCO3) and Dolomite with the closed ratio, while the rocks of Bejeel and Inishky were composed mainly of Calcite. The isolated bacteria in this study were identified according to cultural and morphological characteristics and biochemical tests, while the bacillus species were identified by using Microgen Bacillus Id System. Twenty two bacterial isolates were identified from total samples. There were nine (9)identified isolates from Beherii cave with 40.9% including Arthrobacter spp., Lysobacter spp., Caulobacter spp., Bacillus freudenreichii and Bacillus subtilis in with 4.5% for each isolate, while there was 18.1% of Methanogenic bacteria with its four genuses including Methanobacterium spp., Methanobrevibacter spp. Methanospirillium spp. and Methanosata spp. In Sharanish cave there was one isolate of sulfur oxidizing bacteria with 4.5 % from the total isolates. Three isolates were identified from Khanas cave included Pseudomonas spp., Xanthobacter spp., Clostridium spp. with 4.5% for each isolate. In addition, it was obtained from a cave Bejeel on six isolates included Bacillus lichiniformis, Bacillus lentus and 2 isolates of Bacillus cereus group, Streptomyces spp. and Gallionella spp. with 4.5% for each isolate and Merismopedia spp., Myxococcus Xanthus, Clostridium spp. were Isolated from Inishky cave with 4.5%for each isolate. The relation between some of bacterial species were studied by detection of the lytic ability of Lysobacter spp. and Myxococcus xanthus for Arthrobacter spp.The microbial role in caves were studied by detection of the ability of some isolated bacteria in Calcium Carbonate (calcite) formation and estimatation of calcite production, Xanthobacter spp. was the highest productive bacteria which gives0.2073 gram during 14 days comparing with other bacterial species.In addition, the effect of temperature and pH on calcite formation by Bacillus freudenreichii were studied, the results showed variation on calcite shape in 20?C and 30?C while the highest value of calcite production in pH.8 was 0.1336 gram comparing with pH.9 with 0.0190 calcite gram. The study also detected the ability of some isolated bacteria to oxidize of iron, manganese and sulfur, where Streptomyces spp. Gallionella spp. and one isolate of bacillus cereus group have shown the ability of oxidize iron on leptothrix medium while Bacillus freudenreichii, Bacillus lichinformis, Bacillus lentus, one isolate of Bacillus cereus group and Streptomyces spp. have shown the ability to the oxidize of manganese on Krumbein and Altmann Agar Medium. In addition, sulfur oxidizing bacteria has shown ability to oxidize sulfur on M.S. Agar and produce sulfuric acid as a product of the oxidation process.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع بكتريا السالمونيلا من بعض الاغذية المحلية في مدينة تكريت == Isolation And Identification of Some Species of Salmonella From Some Local Foods In Tikrit City

Author name: شيماء جابر حميد البياتي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم فتاح عمر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم التحري عن بكتريا السالمونيلا في 520 عينة من الاغذية المحلية في مدينة تكريت, وجدت هذه البكتريا في 26 عينة (5%), كانت اعلى نسبة لتواجدها في عينات اللحوم المثرومة (2.5%) والتي تمثل 16.25% من العينات الكلية للحوم المثرومة المدروسة.عزلت السالمونيلا من عي | The presence of Salmonella spp. was investigated in 520 local food samples in Tikrit city, Salmonella was found in 26 samples (5%), with the highest presence in minced meat (2.5%) which was represented 16.25% of all minced meat samples. Salmonella was isolated from chicken's meat at a percentage of 3.75%, and same percentages for meat slices samples, egg cortex and chicken's blood represented 5% for each one, and isolated too from vegetables and cheese at a percentage of 2.5% for each one. No Salmonella has been detected from sweet, yoghurt and egg content. Six Salmonella species were isolated, S. typhimurium was to be the most frequent and represented 42.30% of positive samples, then S. enteritidis and S. anatum in 34.61% and 11.53% respectively, but S. agona, S. typhi and S. arizona existed in a percentage about 3.84% for each one. Also, all the isolated species showed their own serological formula. The selective medium Tetrathionate broth (TTB) was found to be superior for isolation of Salmonella than Selenite cystine broth (SCB), the former positivity was 96.2% and 88.5% respectively. For test of better selective medium for isolation, TTB was found to be more suitable for isolation of S. anatum, while SCB was better for isolation of S. arizona.All the six isolated Salmonella species showed high sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin (5?g) and moderately sensitive to Chloramphenicol (30?g), while they showed high resistance to three antibiotics Amoxicillin (30?g), Nalidixic acid (30?g) and Pipracillin (100?g). They showed resistance with different percentages to the other tested antibiotics : Ampicillin (10?g), Gentamicin (10?g), Streptomycin (10?g), Tetracycline (30?g) and Trimethoprim (25?g).

دراسة بيئية ومايكروبايولوجية في شركة مصافي الشمال

Author name: سعاد حمود محمد حماد البشار
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد حسن السامرائي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

دراسة بكتريولوجية ووراثية للجراثيم المعزولة من المرضى المصابين بخمج الاذن الوسطى القيحي المزمن في محافظة صلاح الدين == Bacteriological And Genetical Study Of Bacteria Isolated From Patients With Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media In Salahaddin Province

Author name: بسمة طه صالح محمد
Supervisor name: خالد عمر محمد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

تحديد خطورة العدوى لمجموعة(داء المقوسات,الحصبة الالمانية,الفيروس المضخم للخلايا,فيروس الحلاء,حمى البارفو,فيروس الورم الحليمي) في النساء ذوات تاريخ الولادة السيء. == Risk Assessment For Torch Complex Infection, Human Papilloma Virus, And Parvovirus B19 Infection In Women With Bad Obstetric History

Author name: حلا محمد مجيد
Supervisor name: عبد الغني محمد السامرائي | فراح غالي الصالحي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

دراسة بكتريولوجية ووراثية لبعض البكتريا المعزولة من اخماج الجهاز التنفسي السفلي لدى البالغين في مدينة تكريت == Bacteria Isolated From Lower Respiratory Tract Infections In Adult at Tikrit City

Author name: هدى صالح خضر
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | علي صالح حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

دراسة بعض الظروف البيئية ومكونات الوسط الغذائي في تنمية الفطر Aspergillus niger وانتاجه لانزيم الانيولينيز وقدرته التثبيطية ضد بعض الانواع البكتيرية الممرضة == A study of some environmental conditions and medium composition in Aspergillus niger growth, inulinase production and its inhibition ability against some pathogenic bacterial species

Author name: نور لطفي علي محمود
Supervisor name: امين سليمان بدوي | كركز محمد ثلج
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

تاثير المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لنوعين من الحامول Cuscuta في نمو بعض انواع الاحياء المجهرية == Effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of two Cuscuta species in growth of some species of Micro - organism

Author name: مصطفى قحطان مصطفى السماعيل
Supervisor name: طالب عويد الخزرجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

تاثير بكتريا Lactobacillus acidophilus وBifidobacterium bifidum وبعض المستخلصات النباتية على نمو وضراوة النوع Streptococcus pyogenes == Effect of Lactobacilus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum and some Plant Extracts on Growth and Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes

Author name: مروة حسن عبد الوهاب الصميدعي
Supervisor name: كـركـز محمــد ثلــج
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

مقارنة النسق البلازميدي لبكتريا معزولة من بيئة وحالات سريرية في المستشفى == Comparison the plasmid profile of isolated bacteria from environment and clinical cases in hospital

Author name: فاطمة ثجيل مطر السعدي
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

عزل وتشخيص بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية Pseudomonas aeruginosa ودراسة بعض عوامل ضراوتها باستخدام المؤشرات الوراثية == Isolation and Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and determination of some Virulence Factors using specific Genetic Markers

Author name: علياء لطيف سلمان النيساني
Supervisor name: وعد محمود رؤوف | عباس عبود فرحان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
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