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تصميم نظام معلومات جغرافي لتقييم كفاءة محطات تصفية المياه في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Designing A Geographic Information System To Evaluate The Efficiency Of Water Treatment Plants In The City Of Basra : A (Study In Urban Geography)

Author name: غزوان اسحاق يعقوب
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي | خديجة عبد الزهرة حسين
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اعتمدت الدراسة الحالية تصميم نظام معلومات جغرافي لتقييم كفاءة محطات تصفية المياه في مدينة البصرة، وتاتي اهمية هذا الموضوع من خلال الطلب المتزايد على المياه لاسباب عدة اهمها الزيادة السكانية والتوسع المساحي للمدينة،ووجود مشكلة حقيقية تتعلق بقلة كمية المياه | The current study adopted the design a geographic information system to evaluate the efficiency of water treatment plants in the city of Basra, and the importance of this issue through the growing demand for water for several reasons, the most important population increase and expansion of the areal of the city, and the existence of a real problem concerning the lack of water quantity and poor quality, but the purpose of the adequacy of the amount of water evaluation produced in the filter plants, it had to be the spatial distribution of plants, and the statement of its production capacities, and the spatial distribution of the network of pure water distribution, and representation Jaraittiya adoption of GIS technology (Arc Gis) and software (Arc Map), then divide the study area into nine ranges of service, According to the plants fed by comparing the amount of daily consumption of the population and housing units with the amount of the actual energy that feeds its service ranges, it showed the study of two types of the first service ranges in which the deficit in the amount of produced water, and the second showed a surplus which, the quantitative assessment of the distribution network showed three types of the service ranges, the first amount of water which is sufficient and the power of compressed high - called pregnancy higher the applicable zone, and the second a few quantity of water and the strength of compressed high - called load applied to the Mediterranean region, and the third a few quantity of water and the strength of low pressure called the pregnancy low applied area. while the qualitative assessment of the efficiency of plants and distribution network in the light of the demonstrated biological analyzes, chemical, physical, and comparing the approved standards at the ministries of health and the environment, and showed a negative study, some analyzes in some stations and different points of the distribution network, and positive to each other, and the study showed expectations increase future in the numbers of the population and housing units, and increase consumption. The results of the study to the following : 1 - that the filter stations are not working their energy design and available, but working the actual her energy, which vary from one station to another, from one chapter to another, as a result of association with hours of operation, where total in the winter of 2014 separated about (672937.5 m 3 / day), while total in summer about 624843.75 m3 / day).) 2 - total service ranges from pure water consumption in 2014 amounted to about (778338.08 m 3 / day), and the study pointed to a decrease in the amount of production as much as in the winter about ( - 105400.58 m 3 / day), and in the summer about ( - 153 494.33 m3 / day).3 - study pointed to expectations of future increase in population and housing units, and an increase in the amount of consumption is expected to reach in 2020 about (924100.6 m 3 / day), and is expected to reach the lack of production is about ( - 251156.1 m3 / day), if I stayed stations the same current production capacities

التكرارات السطحية للمنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المؤثرة في مناخ شبه الجزيرة العربية == Surface Duplication Of Totalitarian Systems Barotrauma Affecting The Climate Of The Arabian Peninsula

Author name: علي محســـن طاهر الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة التكرارات السطحية للمنظومات الضغطية الشمولية المؤثرة في مناخ شبه الجزيرة العربية,مستندا على منهجية واضحة تتلائم وطبيعة الموضوع في تحليل خرائط الطقس اليومية لدورة مناخية صغرى امدها احد عشر عاما وهي التي تبداء من السنة(1998/1997)و | This research aims to study duplicates surface systems piezoelectricity totalitarian affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula, based on a clear methodology fit the nature of the subject in the analysis of weather maps daily cycle climatic junior standing a ten - year - old that starting from the year (1997/1998) and ending in the year (2007/2008), and relying on Alrsdtan (00) (012) universal time.Were calculated duplicates surface systems piezoelectricity affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula during the period above which appeared clear over the area of study at the level of barotrauma (1000) millibars, and the show was a difference Tkaradtha temporally from one month to another and from one year to another depending on the observations as well as the variation Tkaradtha between the two regions North the South and the various systems piezoelectricity affecting the climate of the region.It was found through research that there are several factors affecting the duplicates surface inclusiveness, including fixed as the location astronomer and geographer, and the varying manifestations terrain over the area and the neighboring areas of the region, including animation that affect the variation duplicates spatially and temporally to the study area such as temperature maximum and minimum relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Has led site Arabian Peninsula, which is located within the south - western part of the continent of Asia, according to the latitude extended above to be an area of conflict for the extreme weather months, which are affected by several types of heights Kalmrtf air subtropical and highair Siberian and high atmospheric EU and the heights of the heat island, as well as vulnerability of several types of systems, low Kalmnkhvd Sudanese Air India and low seasonal depressions and NPF and depressions of the Arabian Peninsula and the Arabian Sea and low depressions merged. It was evident from the study that the highlands through the air affecting the climate of the Arabian Peninsula has recorded the highest rates in the northern region, while depressions recorded the highest in the southern region.

اثر التغير المناخي في تغيير حركة الاخاديد والانبعاجات الهوائية واثرها في مناخ العراق == The Impact Of Climate Change In The Change Of The Movement Of Grooves And Air Indentations Aerobic Affecting Iraqi Climate

Author name: منصور غضبان يزاع الجوراني
Supervisor name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims to show the impact of climate change on the movement of he pllenomenon of grooves and Air indentations that appear at the level of ess111re 500 millibars, since the study relied on a clear methodology to cope 'th the subject, through analyzing liturgical daily maps for the purpose of owledge frequency and duration of the phenomenon over Iraq for the period 1957 - 2008) for meteorology ( •• ) with international timing , for three imatic cycle for each one seventeen years and know the amount of changeemporally through its climate and space between one region and another, here the length of stay varied Feeding Frequencies from month to month. As well as the study showed that grooves pneumatic control on Iraq starting rom September until March and was the northern region is the biggest impact ut of central and southern regions, while the control indentations air from April o August and the southern region was the most affected central and northern egions.As well as the impact of this change on the climate of temperature eat (maximum and minimum), relative humidity and dust storms, through the nalysis of climate data for the six stations climatic surface by two each region of the race three North, Central and South and for the same duration and number of cycles It has been also analyzed the correlation between the phenomenon of grooves and indentations with temperature maximum and minimum relative humidity in addition to rain as varied values of relations between the positive and negative weak, medium and strong and full of the three stations that have been selected to represent the northern and central regions and the southern and month and last for the stations it selves

التنبؤ بالتساقط باستخدام بيانات الغطاء الغيمي في العراق : دراسة في جغرافية المناخ == Forecasting The Precipitation By Using Cloud Cover Data In Iraq Study In The Geography Of The Climate

Author name: سالار علي خضر الدزيي
Supervisor name: نعمة محسن لفتة الفتلاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study is (forecasting the precipitation by using cloud cover data in Iraq). To achieve this goal, the properties of low, medium and high clouds affecting Iraq mounted (27) types are studied through their diffusion percentage (coverage), base height, types and the relation between each of these properties and rainfall with its five shapes (drizzle - rains - snows - heavy showers and thunderstorms). for eight climatic stations from Iraq (Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Rutba, Al - Hay, Diwayniya, Nasiriya and Basra).The research results were reached the following points : - Concerning the clouds' properties like their diffusion percentage and base height, the results have proved that the season difference affects these two properties greatly where the diffusion percentage of the clouds increases during winter and decreases during spring and autumn, also the base height of the clouds decreases during winter and increases during spring and autumn. - As to the nine types of low clouds, it is found that they do not appear evenly for some types appear more than the others.Generally, the types of low clouds that hold the characteristics of the layered clouds and the accumulated clouds are the most apparent types in Iraq weathers such as the layered accumulation clouds on one hand. The appearance of types with the layered shapes increases during cold months (winter), whereas the appearance of types with accumulated shapes increases during moderate months (spring and autumn) on the other hand. - For types of medium clouds, their appearance average also varies according to their types. The appearance of the layered types increases during winter and the appearance of the accumulated types increases during spring and autumn, too. - The high clouds are characterized with their all nine types being at the peak of appearance averages during spring, autumn then winter.The results, related to the relation between rainfall and its types with the clouds' base height, prove that there are heights for clouds' bases contribute largely in forming rainfall and its shapes Vs the non contribution of other heights except with too little rates of rainfall. Regarding the relation nature between rainfall and its shapes with low and medium clouds, it is clear that not all types of low and medium clouds are unproductive for some types are greatly responsible of forming rainfall compared to other types thathave a too little role, on one hand. It is found that there are certain types of clouds responsible of certain types of rainfall and its shapes, on the other hand. In order to complete the picture concerning this subject, the analytic method of flat and upper maps air for the two pressure levels (850 - 500) Millibar is used to define the types of the flat and upper pressure system responsible of forming the types of clouds and their height forming in tum different rainfall shapes. The results have proved the existence of a certain order for those different pressure systems during the formation of a certain shape of clouds and rainfall. This order is exposed to change during the occurrence of another shape of rainfall. These changes can be used for future forecast of various rainfall shapes. In addition, T t/> gram diagram is used to define the thickness and height of chosen types of low and medium clouds functionally through following ·up the temperature of air and dew point.

الخدمات الصناعية لمدينة البصرة

Author name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للخدمات التعليمية في ريف محافظة الانبار

Author name: بلال بردان علي الحياني
Supervisor name: محمد دلف احمد الدليمي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Educational services are the most important services that affect the life of the population. They represent active tools in the economic, social, health, cultural and technological structure.The distribution of parameters of the educational services, particularly, the educational organizations and their buildings, constitutes a problem for students to join these organizations. Also, it affects the efficiency of these facilities specially in the ruralregions that are characterized by different modes for distributing the rural settlements that effect the distribution of services and, as a result, affect the efficiency of these services.The present study aims to analyze the educational services in Anbar province rural regions, spatially, quantatively and qualitatively, to depict the efficiency of these services throughout their stages of development in the rural regions in Anbar provinceto compare them with these in the center of the province and in the country and its rural regions. Moreover, it aims to identify the recent and future need for these services in the rural regions of the province.The introduction has consisted of a limitation of the problem, its hypothesis, objectives of the study, its significance, methodology and a review of previous studies.The study has included an introduction, four chapters followed by conclusions and recommendations. The first chapter has covered the development of educational services in the rural regions in the province from the Othman era until today by dividing this era into periods on the basis of the developments the educational services have entertained, and comparing these services with their counterparts in the province and Iraq and its rural regions depending on educational as well as population indications.The second chapter has dealt with an analysis of the real state of the educational services in rural regions in the province for the academic year 20I0 - 2011 by studying the sectarial structure of these services and - - Oet€rmining - their - rates - - to those - in - the.pro¥.ince and Iraq and its rural regions. Also, it has studied the spatial distribution of the educational services in rural regions in the province all the level of all stages. It has analyzed the quantitative and qualitative reality of the school facilities in the rural part of theprovince.The third chapter has focused on the relative change of educational services in the rural part of province throughout the period from 1987 to 2010 to depict the regions gaining more attention by the state regarding education dissemination. The fourth chapter has talked the analysis of the efficiency of educational services in the rural part of the province using statistical methods and GIS as well as educational and population indications and the ease to get to facilities, population satisfaction.It gives an indication of the present and future need for educational organizations and their facilities in the rural part of the province until 2015.The study has ended with a number of conclusions and recommendations the researcher hopes will contributes in improving the state of the educational services in the rural part of the province.

تغيرات بيئة اهوار جنوب العراق وتاثيراتها الجغرافية == Environment Changes It Southern 1Rau Marshlands And Its Geouraubtcal Impacts

Author name: عبير يحيى احمد الساكني
Supervisor name: ماهر يعقوب موسى
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The purpose behind this study is the analysis of spatialdistribution for the marshes, and the influence of human;interference in the changing of the surface areas which were floodedwith water, and the environment consequences resulted in thisregion during (1970 - 2007) by using maps for three stages that themarshes passed through, and its analysis to know the gradation ofthe environment system, therefore to know the influence of thegeographical setting for the area where the region existed. ,'I - !e results show clearly the impact of water, and its role t1create unique environment. •Before the drought, this region represented a touristic[ieconomic, social and residential reality which differs from the othetregion in Iraq.The study concluded that the desiccation process which cameabout the marshes region led to collapse the environmental systent'of the marshes especially that it has been exposed for a long time ttthe d.!;,.?ught, which led to a clear chaining in the characteristics of.the marshes soil.As for its water which has been mainly exposed to the drough~its chemical and physical characteristics have been changed after theflowage because of the litters left by the desiccation process.

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي بنات الحسن == Geomorphology Of Wadi Banat Al - Hassan I Basin

Author name: زياد فريح مطر عباس الجليباوي
Supervisor name: مشعل محمود فياض الجميلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Banat AL - Hasan basin is one of the dry valleys in the Iraqi west plateau. Its water flows into the Euphrates river during rainfalls.This valley passes through a region with homogeneous rocks and sandy and gypsum soils. The region is often affected by the linear formations that have remarkable effect on valleys. 90 linear phenomena have been characterized in this region. The region isalso famous for low slop; the highest slop found is of 2 degrees.The desert dry climate dominates the region with little plant cover.The quantitative analysis of the properties of the basin net depending on topographic maps of 25000 : 1 scale and the field study as well as the analysis of longitudinal and latitudinal sections of the valleys and the analysis of hypsometric curve have shown that basins in the study area take a form very close to the circular shape. They show, moreover, an increase in the indication of flood risks as a result of the speed at which water waves reach the main stream and because the waterways are short and because of the decrease of the ratio of surface and under evaporation as a result of the short distance of the flow. It has also, been shown that the valley passes through the early stage of maturation as the two processes of erosion and sedimentation are equal, and some of theland formations are still constructing. Banat AL - Hasan valley consists of five river ranks. Land formations in the study area have been built as a result of the effect of flowing water in rainy periods as the recent climate is unable to construct these formations, but only develop them at low rates.Land formations have clear effects on human activities; human settlement is restricted very close to the Euphrates river. The agricultural activity, on the other hand, is restricted inside valleys and at flood plains and at desert oases to the south of the studyarea. Pasturing spreads over all the area of the basin.

خصائص مناخ اليمن السياحي == Characteristics Of Yemen Tourist Cllmale

Author name: عبد الله حير سالم علي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: selecting the relevant extent of climate to the tourist movement of attractio in terms of time and place, and the extent of tourist movement correlation wi the climate in Yemen.The study consist of five chapter. Chapter one deals with the concttpt f tourist climate and the most important elements of it. It also deals with the e impotence of climate in Yemen , including sun radiation , temperature , humidity , and wind.Chapter two deals with the contexts of tourist climate. Compou d contexts have been discussed , including Effective Temperature context ( ET , wind cooling context ( KO ) , Humidity - Temperature context ( TH]), S context and Singer diagram. Also discussed in this ChapttJr e comprehensive vital climate classifications , including ( O!egiay classifiK;af n and Terging classification ).Chapter three deals with evaluating the tourist climate in Yemen , ( during night , during day time , and during leizure ) compound context (ET, THI, Singer, diagram). Chapter four deals with assessing the tourist climate in Yemen ( du night , during day time , and during leizure ) through applying the omprehensive vital climate classification , including ( Olegiay clasification Terging clasification ).Chapter five discusses the onalysis of climate effect on thel to rist IlllOVement in Yemen. It included the ingredients of tourist arena the develoment of tourist movement , and the climate effect on tourist movenne t in Yemen.Following are the most important results of the study : i l. Due to the astronomical location of Yemen , She enjoys large sun radiation ranging between 400 - 656 K I K I Cm2 I hr. Height factor influnces largely the monthly and yearly distribution of temperature averages.. Temperature conditions are alike m terms of height between the coastal 1 stations and eastern land. . Relative humidity rates are high in coastal stations , and relatively low at the1 mountainous area at the eastern land.1 - Annual rate of wind speed ranges between 1 - 3 m I sec. at the I mountainous area and eastern land , and between 3 - 5 m I sec. at the I coastal stations.5 Climate of Yemen is consistent with the astablishment of tourism ( tourist \ industry ) accordin to world scale.6 Yemen has various humand and natural tourist attractive ingredients.7 The size of tourist movemant in Yemen is not consistent with her verious ingrsdients of tourist attraction.8. he voume of intemation tourist flow of comers to Yemen according to '!months and regions is relatsd to climate. So , the months in which the number of tourists are high are the moderate and confortable months , while e months in which the number of tourists are low the one having narrower d less moderate scope at the station of the study.

الصناعات الانشائية في محافظة البصرة واقعها وافاقها المستقبلية == The Construction Idustries. Basrah Province : Its Reality And Future Expectation

Author name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
Supervisor name: عبد العزيز محمد حبيب العبادي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير العوامل الجغرافية في الاهمية الجيوبولتيكية للانهار المشتركة بين ايران والعراق == The Impact Of The Geographic Factcrs On The Geopolitical Importance Of The Shared Rivers Between Iran And Iraq

Author name: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي | حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Shared rivers and borders between Iran and Iraq were a source of dispute between the two countries. They were the main reason behind the war that took place from 1980 to 1988. Consequently , they evoked avaviety of possibilities for the middle east and the Arabian Gulf in particular. So many people couldn't realize the geopolitical reasons anrl the stmggle among the international and local powers. Forexample , in shatt Al - Arab Case , Which is among other 42 rivers both parties hold strict positions. They were not ready to give any mutual concessions. Moreover , the interntional law and the bilateral agreements show the natural right of Iraq in these rivers. Iran was dribbling with Iraq but; it was so cooperative in solving water resources problens.This indicates that the stvuggle between Iraq and Iran is ideological , ethrographic and Civilization One. The British occupation to the area of study worked on sophisticating the problem. Their attitude tawards this I problem is the sans as it is with other border problems in the area. Whatever are reasons behind the Iraqi - Iranian war , the main one is the inability of the tues countivies to arrive at a satisfactory settlement since the appearance of the indepevdent Iraq in 1921. This includes the whole eastern border line that extends from the very south to the two countries and Turkey which is about 1312 km. Iraq is have feeling that the Iranians what to have a control over the Iraqi territories and water resources , Especially , Iraq has a short Coast on the Arabian Gulf whichis about 60km from Fao to Um Qasr. Iran , on the other hond , hasa 2000km - Coast long. In addition , Iran did not respect the principles o neigh - bourhood and the international Low Concerning the Utilization of the Shared rivers. This conld be attributed to the multi - ethnic and multi - nationa 1S;·.0 l nature of Iran. The geostratigic location of the area is reflected in th S~ strategil American in the area. Hence , the U.S.A. has worke o g~ depening the points of dispute and encouraged the Iranians to to e s~ radical position and refuse any possibility of cooperation are! har on SS - between the two Islamic Countries. The research has arrived a th SJ : ;, ~ following Conclusions : There is no honest will between the Co - riparian states to solve thebordor problems because they don't Comply with the principles of intemationel Low and arbitration.2 - The water Source Countries ( Iran and Turkey ) do not recognize the right of Iraq of a just Share of the water and the joint property and not Causing any damage to others. on their part and in using water , Iran and Turkey have caused damage to Iraq.3 - The security of any state is determined by natural , topographical , economic , political , military , Scientific and culturol properties. They play an effective role in the state political weight ( strongth or weakness).They also play a role in the cooperation and dispute between Iraq and Iran Concerning the joint rivers. 4 - There is no future strategg between the two countries about the investment and maintenance of the shared rivers for they are not interested in this crucial source.5 - The real problem of the shared rivers between the two countries is that they do not make use of them in the proper way , and old procedures used because of the poor en

تكرار المنخفضات الجوية واثرها في طقس العراق ومناخه == The Impact Of Depressions Frequency On Iraqi Weather And Climate

Author name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي احمد كربل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The research intends to study the sequence of depression passing through the country generally, with eiuphysis on the Mediterranean depressions, The analys~s of the surface weather maps to the frontal depressions reveal the impoctrthnce of the Sudanese and he Fused depressions due to the transformation of some of the thermal depressions in Sudan into frontal depression or, its Fusion with one of the Mediterranean depressions. All kinds of depression that pass through Iraq durin the season of the passage of frontal Mediterranean depressions starts from October till end of May are eua.miP,ed We call this period as season of passage of frontal depres ion.May is excluded from the study because the researcher is not able to acquire the information needed.To study the sequence of cyclone "depression" and its climatic effects, choose eleven seasons "small clim$.ti cycle" starting from season of 1978/1979 and ending with season 1988/1989. Make this choice due to the availabilit of data and maps in Iraq and the adjoining Arab countri~s ( Saudi Arabia and Kuwait).To analyse this topic, the researcher depends on surface and upper climatic maps. Also he depends on hourly, daily and climatic data and on monthly climatic' reports. In addition, depends on Library references, t~ugA they are few. The researcher uses statistical pr•cedures to analyse the data and to find the power of relation among the variables, especially the correlation <X>effioient and standard degree.'!he me.in e.im of this research is the study of the frequency of the depression that passes through Iraq in the cold period which concentrates on the mid latitude frontal depressions and its impact on the weather and the climate of the country.In the First Chapter the characteristics of the depression and their relation with air masses.In the same time the chapter discusses the relation between the depression and the movement of the air at the upper layers of the atmosphere, then the study focuses on the origin of the depressions that influence the weathef' and climate of Iraq.In the Second Cwpter we find the.t the mid latitude : frontal depression oomposes the majority of the depressior that pass through Iraq, then the fused depressions and. finally the Sudanese one.~he researcher analysis all weather phenomeXJB. and their relation with depressions, especially the fronts. So we found that there were little differentations fromone station to another or from one depression to another. This work will be done in the third chapter of the thesi~.In the Fourth Chapter the researcher makes certain : elations between the depressions and climatic features in Iraq such as (temperature, wind and precipitation ) ~ rhe researcher thi : okS that there are some close relations among them.We can sunJlllS.rize the results attached by the researcher as follows : l. The weather is unstable through the cold period of the year as a result of the passing of many different masses and depressions.2. Through the cold period, the country is influenced by uany mid latitude frontal depressions (Fused and Mediterranean), Sudan, thermal and monsoon depressiorls of India and Arab peninsula.3. The frequency of M.L.F.D. is increased to the north of La.t. : ;o0 N while the Fused depressions are covering a.11 area of Iraq. At the same time Sudan depressioll#il are restricted as a whole ill the southern part of tije country.4• The determination of movement direction and speed of frontal depressions are influenced by roa : oy factors which control them.5. The weather was unstable through the cold period as a result of passing many leinds of depressions througl : l one or more days. Especially ~hen a Fused depress~on errossing the country. The responsibility on the occurrance of cold waves belongsto M.L.F.D., while hot waves belongs to Sudan depression. The passing of depressions makes short variations in the speed and direction of the wind. 7. The occurranceof dust and dust storms belong to the frequency of Kha.main frontal depressions l!'used and Sudan depressions. While Fog accompanies most of the 14.L.F.D.8. Most of the precipitation on the country is a result of the frequency of M.L.F.D. The precipitation is due to the cold front in the northe= part of Iraq and the warm front in the southern part and both of them in the middle.9. There are many factors that impact the temperature such s, Lattitude degree, altitude, and distance from seas.10. As a result of the increase in the frequency of the Fused and M.L.F.D. in the north and the Sudan depression in the south the temperature is decrease , 11. The increase in the frequency of thermal and Khamsin depressions caused an increase in the temperature throu12. In the seasons that many Sudan thermal and Khamsin depressions occur, dust and dust storms occur too. The frequency of rainydays related to the frequency of M.L.F.D. The later responded to the increase in precipitations in the north.14. Most thunderstorms in Iraq are a direct or indirect result of frequency of M.L.F.D

تلوث مياه نهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة جغرافية بيئية

Author name: احمد ميس سدخان
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: SM;thesis titled (Water Pollution in Euphrates, Thi Qar Go~morate Environmental Geography Study) includes an experiment to Euphrates water in Thi Qar Govemorate of pollution after making a n•riofchemical and physical tests, water was tested for the period from 2006 - 2007 throughout relating the polluted concentrations for the river with rates of water discharge which differ according to the diff~nt of seasons. "five sites were specified within the study area are different. spatiaJ,ly, and picking up samples during the four seasons which include the water of Euphrates and others of its bottom sediments. Then the results wer~ shown and evaluating the river's water regarding these results throughout using the water for different human purposes include drinkingp~ti*elS·,1'.ndustrial and agricultural usages (Irrigation). !he content of the study has four chapters and introduction. First , chapter discusses hydrological study for Euphrates water from its high sources in Turkey passing in Syria and Iraq till the area of the study expJaining the main problems leads to change quantity features and quality of its water. Second chapter deals with the natural factors in area of the stuqy, which has an effect on changing characteristics of river's water.. Thitd c~pter discusses the human factors which lead to pollution of Euphrates' water within Thi Qar Govemorate represented by dirt of civil sewage, industrial, drainage water and fertilize' rs used in agricultural field.Fourth chapter has a number of chemical and physical characteristics for water and sediment of Euphrates that that results shows an increase in co¢entration proportion for each of (Tran, Si02, Mg, P04, CL, Tur, TH, Ee), which exceed environmental limits for their concentration accol.'ding to Iraq Standard of Water Environment. The concentration proportion of (N03, Do, TDs, HC03, Ca, S04, PH) are within the environmental limits for their concentration.The results of bottom sediments of Euphrates for (TOC, EC) exceed environmental limits for their concentration, but the value of PH is within these limits but. it is distinguished of alkalinity. So, Euphrates water was polluted and it is not good for human usages (drinking), as well as it is not suitable as water used for industrialization, except cooling purposes, also is not proper to use this water in irrigation because it is classified within C3 Type of irrigation water types in the American Laboratory and it is of highsalinity and it doesn't use in the case of existing active drainage networks, high penetration soils and agricultural crops have the ability to resist the salinity.

هيدروجيومورفولوجية حوض وادي السدير في هضبة العراق الجنوبية == A Hydro - Geomorphological Study Of Wadi Al - Sadeer Basin In The Southern Iraqi Plateau A Thesis Submitted

Author name: علي مجيد ياسين ال بوعلي
Supervisor name: سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم بحث هيدروجيومورفولوجية حوض وادي السدير باستعمال تقنيات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)، الذي يقع اداريا ضمن حدود محافظة المثنى، وطبيعيا ضمن هضبة العراق الجنوبية، واحتل مساحة قدرها (1805.28 كم2) والذي يجري واحواضه الثانوية الاربعة مع الاتجاه العام للانح | The present study has investigated the hydro - Geomorphology of Wadi Al - Sadeer Basin which is located in Al - Muthanaa Governorate of the Southern Iraqi Plateau through the use of the geographic information system technology (GIS). Wadi Al - Sadeer Basin constitutes an area of about (1805.28 KM) which is running with its four sub - basins from the southwest to the north and northeast. Its astronomic location is situated between the latitudes of (29? - 53? - 41?) and (30? - 45? - 26?) north, and the longitudes of (45? - 31? - 44?) and (46? - 7 ? - 18?) east, that is, it falls within the climate of dryness and semi - dryness Iraqi region, and its water is running during the yearly raining season.This study is intended to identify the natural physical geography of this basin in terms of its natural processes and factors, featured draining systems and the morphological shapes of this basin. In addition, it is intended to identify the most prominent natural potentials of Wadi Al - Sadeer Basin like water harvesting operations, renewable wind and solar energy resources that can be utilized as natural resources. The natural physical resources comprise the ground structure, topography, climate, soil and natural vegetation. It is noted that the land structure has played a crucial role in the land formation, and the role played by the ancient climate conditions is of great impact on the geomorphology of the basin formation compared to current climate conditions. Besides the role of natural topography, soil and vegetation, is not less important than the aforementioned factors. The characteristics of water drainage network of the basin are analyzed according to the procedures so - called (Wadi Analysis) within the program applications of (Arcgis 10.2.2) operating in accordance with the methodology proposed by Strahler (1957). It consists of spatial, morphological, longitudinal and topographic characteristics of the basin and, the water drainage network. In addition, the analysis of hydrological characteristics of the basin is carried out in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water. The data analysis is based on the climatic information data provided by Asimawah and Nasiriya stations between the time periods (1984 - 2014). A set of equations have been computed to identify the quantitative characteristics of water resources. Also, the qualitative characteristics of specific samples of basins’ water have been checked to determine its safe use. Identification of geomorphological processes including the erosion and weathering operations and the like, has been done. It has been concluded that the water resources of Wadi Al - Sadeer can be exploited and used. Finally, the study has come up with a number of conclusions and recommendations

ظاهرة الصقيع واثرها في انتاج بعض المحاصيل الشتوية في العراق == Frost Phenomenjt And Its Effect On Some Winter Corpsproduction In Iraq

Author name: مروة جاسم محمد السلماني
Supervisor name: بدر جدوع احمد المعموري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study addressed "The Impact of Frost on the Productivity of Some Winter Yields in Iraq". It aims at identifying the spatial and time variance of frost states, the synoptic conditions, atmospheric characteristics which lead to the occurrence of frost and themanifestation of the impact of frost waves on the physiology, shape and variance of agricultural crop productivity in Iraq for the period 1980 - 2010. it also aims at identifying the protection styles from frost and means of annihilation.To achieve these goals, various data were used some of them concern the atmospheric data of 11 climatic station distributed allover Iraq the northern, eastern, western, middle and southern, some concern the daily weather maps, and some others concern theagrarian data on the frost disadvantages on the agricultural harvests and the area and production of agricultural crops since 1980 - 2010. A number of statistical methods and styles were applied on these data like : The most prominent results at which the study arrived were that the frost types prevailing in Iraq was the radiation frost, most frost states were accompanied by the presence of Siberian anticyclone, the northern and mountain stations (Salahuddin, Sulaimaniya, Mosul) specially were considered the most areas in Iraq witnessing frequent frost waves then followed Aana station in western Iraq, the frequent frost waves on Iraq had a clear negative impact on the agrarian crops in Iraq especially the frost wave of 2008 where the rate of damages were high on various yields, the productivity of agrarian yields were variant in terms of the frequency rage of frost occurrence, its time distribution and the intensity of temperature decrease; therefore, the frost had an evident impact on the most important life areas like agriculture and caused great financial losses which affected different social and economic life fields.Thus, understanding the frost phenomenon and its results enabled us from lowering those losses which affected the national economy.

التحليل المكاني لانتاج القمح ومواقع خزنه في العراق : دراسة في الجغرافية الاقتصادية == Spatial Analysis Of Wheat Production And Storage Site In Iraq

Author name: نورة زايد عاتي حميد
Supervisor name: ندى شاكر جودت الفرطوسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The storage process is considered one of the important elements relied on in providing the spatial and temporal benefits of the stored produce. Hence, the study got its importance because it highlights the spatial distribution of the Wheat silos in Iraq that the storage methods varied in Iraq including the systematic storage processes represented by the storage in silos of three types (vertical, horizontal, astral), and the non - systematic storage processes represented by storing in the open air in addition to storing under roofs, in bunkers, and in concrete terraces, The study area has been divided into five geographical territories excluding Kurdistan region. The territories are : 1 - The Northern territory includes Mosul, Kirkuk and Saladin provinces. This territory area is (71365) sq. Km with a ratio of (%18, 04) of the total area of Iraq.2 - The Western territory includes Anbar, Najaf, and Muthana provinces. The area is (218372) sq. km constituting (%55, 21) of the total area.3 - The middle territory includes Baghdad, Diyala, and Wasit provinces constituting (39393) sq. km of the total territory area representing (% 9, 96).4 - The middle Euphrates territory includes Babel, Karbala, Al - Qadisiyaah provinces with a total area of (18306) sq. km representing (% 4, 62).5 - The Southern territory includes Maysan, Thii Qar, Basrah provinces with a total area of (48042) sq. km i.e. (% 12, 14).The temporal dimension of the study represented the period extending from 2004 to 2013. The study put forward a number of conclusions the most important of which is that the total of wheat storage capacities of different types in Iraq reached (3708730) tons. The northern territory scored the highest wheat storage capacities followed by the middle territory followed by the Western territory and middle Euphrates ,While the lowest of the all the territories in terms of the storage capacity was the southern territory.And contrast each type of storage in the provinces of the study area,It was calculated the difference between the energy storage design (engineering) and actual energies Alkhoznip has seemed clear differencebetween each of the two variables, as it exceeded the difference between the two variables to (81,550 tonnes) as is the case in the province of Baghdad.And found through the study to be marketed quantities of wheat crop to centers Altsoeqh may be distributed to a group of marketing tract and they form the marketing tract (marketing trends) wheat crop varied quantities marketed towards both conduct marketing and ensure that this tract of both the domestic market, and marketing centers affiliated to the Ministry of Commerce and inventories at the farmer and companies.it was the cese for spatial amount of the surplus and the deficit of the wheat crop in the provinces of the study area Northern Territory emerged as the highest amount of surplus wheat crop of 2004 while remained the other three provinces (province of the Middle Euphrates and the southern province and western) food deficit of the wheat crop, and when the case of self - sufficiency study for 2013, depending on the commodity balance, we find that the geographical distribution of the state of self - sufficiency in the picture may have changed if food surplus wheat crop and relying on statistical methods used to predict and of decline simple linear been the case the outlook for production and consumption until 2025 study, and then determine the size of the gap / food surplus wheat crop, which will be witnessed by Iraq until the year depending on commodity balance.

التحليل المكاني لاستعمالات الارض الدينية في مدن محافظة ميسان == The Place Analysis For The Religious Land Uses In Maissan Governorate Cities

Author name: حسام كاظم حافظ عبود
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Modern geographical studies are interested in determining and analyzing phenomena that took place on the surface of our planet, through a genuine methodology, scientific steps, accurate scales and authentic features and data in attempts to comprehend the phenomena and predict new changes to them. Urbanite land investment is among interests that echoed heavily in the geography of cities. Its real start, concerning application, was directly after world War Two when many of world cities were destroyed. Among uses is the use of religious land, whose urbanite projecting suffered a wide failure, during modern era, which contributed into the rise of several urbanite settlements during history due to its importance.Therefore, the role of the researcher, as a geographic, rises to study this use in cities of Maissan Governorate; which are 15 cities. The study aims at highlighting the importance of religious factor, the extent of special organization, and offering religious services to the inhabitants of these cities in accordance with analytical method.The study is of an introduction and three chapters. Chapter one deals with theoretical background, the concepts that clarify the special limitations of the study and concepts of religion and the city, the impact of the religious factor and its significance to the city, as well as what uses are there to the religious land and its articles. Chapter two clarifies the picture of special distribution of the religious land in the cities of the governorate; which are the cities Amara, Ali el - Gharbi, Ali el - Sharji, Al - Kumait, Al - Musharrah, Al - Kahlaa, Qal'at Salih, Al - Uzair, al - Majar el - Kabeer, Al'Adil, al - Maymoona, As - Salam, Seid Ahmad Ar - Rifaa'I, beni - Hashim and al - Kheir. The technology of relation of neighborhood (the closer neighbor) was adopted in Chapter three to find out the special manners of distributing religious land. Here, the manner shows gathering centered in the cities of Ali el - Sharji, Al - Kheir and Seid Ahmad Ar - Rifaa'i, whereas it was random in Qal'at Salih, convergent in Ali el - Gharbi, Amara, Uzair, Al - Majar el - Kabeer, Al - adil and al - Maymoona, and divergent in the cities Al - Kumait, al - Misharrah, Al - Kahlaa and as - Salam. The study arrived at some conclusions and recommendations

المولدات الكهربائية في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية == Electricity Generators In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Power)

Author name: شروق طالب عبد الوهاب
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Power is the back bone for modern civilization. Moreover, it is the vital element for agriculture, industry and prosperity. Iraqi citizens have suffered a lot because of fluctuation of power which is supplied. This has pushed people to look for different alternatives. One of these is using power generators which are considered now as inseparable part of modern life in Iraq in general and in Basrah in particular. Still, this solution is regarded by many people as insufficient and negative solution which is imposed by the security conditions that the country has experienced. The solution actually has some advantages in providing power to fill the gaps of the programmed cuts but the use of these generators has also some disadvantages. It is supposed that after the embargo and the political change, things would change and this phenomenon would shrink and decline with time and the improvement of the network. What happens in reality is that the deterioration is still going on the main power supply. Actually, there is a shortage of research concerning this topic and we are not exaggerating in saying that this is the first and only study on this topic at the level of departments of Geography at the Iraqi universities. The study aim at revealing the real situation of using power generators in Basrah Province. The study consists of six chapters : Chapter One introduces the importance of electricity power, its use and how it is imported to the country and to Iraq. In addition, it defined what is meant by generators and where they are used in Arab countries.Chapter Two deals with the economic and geographic factors that lead to the use of these generators i.e., temperature, wind, rain, fuel, land, water, population, marketing, income, capital, transportation, governmental policy and power supply system.Chapter Three covers the classification of these generators according to property and popwer in relation to sectors in addition to the geographic distribution of these generators. Among the districts of the province.Chapter Four tackles power production from stations in Basrah. It also tackles the production of power by the generators and the geographic distribution in relation to the different districts of the province.Chapter Five covers the consumption of the power of the generators and the geographic distribution in addition to the properties of this consumption.Chapter Six deals with the problems of these generators

التحليل المكاني لاسواق تجارة الجملة للمواد الغذائية في مدينة بغداد == Spatial Analysis Of Markets For Wholesale Trade Of Foodstuffs In The City Of Baghdad

Author name: عدي ناهي حسن
Supervisor name: ندى شاكر جودت الفرطوسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول هذا البحث التحليل المكاني لاسواق تجارة الجملة للمواد الغذائية في مدينة بغداد فالاسواق من المشاريع الحيوية والهامة نظرا لاهميتها في عملية التبادل التجاري في جميع مستوياتها المحلية، الاقليمية، الدولية والتي تعكس مستوى التنمية والتطور الذي تشهده البل | This study deals with the spatial analysis of the food wholesale markets in Baghdad. The markets are vital and important projects due to their importance in the trade exchange process in all its levels, i.e., the local, territorial and international ones which, in their turn, reflect the development level witnessed by countries. The food wholesale markets are among the most important markets in Baghdad that played a great role in the local trade in Iraq represented by Baghdad and specifically Ash - shorja and Jamila markets that are located in Ar - Rasafa side, yet in 2003, a huge change happened in the number, nature and spread of the food wholesale markets in Baghdad because of the change of the economical, social and security conditions that Iraq witnessed after 2003. Food wholesale markets have become one of the most important trade activities that witnessed huge changes that they started to extend outside the main wholesale trade zone (Ash - shorja and Jamila markets). We notice that this expansion is found in all Baghdad townships in the main trade streets and even in the back streets, but in varying patterns and proportions in different townships. This expansion could be according to disciplined and organized foundations asserting a normal and correct condition for the change and it could also be undisciplined from the planning perspective which could have negative outcomes and consequences. This research depended on the study, and on the descriptive and quantitative analysis to show the pattern of this distribution in all the 14 townships of Baghdad, depending on the field study, the questionnaire used especially by the wholesale merchant, and a statistical style (Nearest Neighbor Analysis) which is a statistical standard widely used in studying the spatial distribution of the geographical phenomena using (GIS) program for the statistical analysis. It has become clear that the distribution of these stores and markets has taken the cluster approximate pattern on the level of the entire city, but on the level of the townships three patterns have been found(random approximate, apart, cluster approximate ).The reasons behind this huge increase in the number of the stores and the wholesale markets have been reached in addition to the consequences, the solutions, and the suggestions for organizing and managing this unplanned expansion

التحليل المكاني لمولدات الطاقة الكهربائية في مدينة الصدر

Author name: هديل عبد الامير رحيم علي الحميداوي
Supervisor name: انتصار حسون رضا السلامي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تاتي اهمية موضوع الدراسة من ارتباطه بتوفير الجو المريح مدينة الصدر فان تزايد ساعات الانقطاع والتدهور في الشبكة الوطنية يضيف اعباء على المدينة وهي تعيش في ظل ظروف اقتصادية صعبة فمعظم سكانها هم من ذوي الدخل المحدود او المنخفض والتدهور في منظومة الشبكة ال

التحليل المكاني لفقر الاطفال في قضاء الرصافة لعام 2016 == Spatial Analysis Of Children Poverty In Rusafa District In 2016

Author name: علي صالح نصيف جاسم
Supervisor name: علي عبد الامير ساجت الكعبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناول هذا البحث التحليل المكاني لظاهرة فقر الاطفال في قضاء الرصافة لعام 2016 على مستوى الاحياء السكنية والمتضمن ((31 حيا تم دمجها الى عشرة مناطق محاولا الاجابة عن مشكلة الدراسة التي تضمنت معرفة التباين لدليل فقر الاطفال من الناحية الجغرافية وصفا وتحليلا | The study is a spatial analysis of the phenomenon of children poverty in Rusafa District for the year 2016 on the level of residential neighborhoods, which are 31. These neighborhoods were divided into ten zones. The study tries to tackle the problem of the study which is to find out discrepancy in the indicator of children poverty geographically through description and analysis by the use of nine fields according to each field indicators. The study tries to find out the privation within the fields of children poverty and the spatial discrimination on the level of zones, in accordance with spatial variety of the indicators of each one, which amount to 47 indicators. The field study was adopted of which privation percentage of each of the nine fields was deduced and their final outcome was the indicator of children poverty. The study concluded that the percentage of children poverty in Rusafa district demonstrated variety in the values from zone to another and from field to another. The first and third zones, which include the neighborhoods of (Ma'moon, Khansaa, Akkad, Za'faraniya, Sinbad, Diyala, 6 Kanoon) demonstrated the heaviest poverty in most fields, whereas the eighth and sixth zones, which conclude the neighborhoods of (Muthanna, Mu'tasim, 14 Tammoz, Idreesi, Nile, Mustansiriya) the lowest rates of poverty. Privation shows various rates according to fields. Percentage of health privation was (400.3) of each thousand, nutrition was (233.1), education privation was (284.2), housing privation was (349.3), privation of pure water and sewage were (262.6, 274.8) , whereas privation of early childhood development, children protection and information were (420.3, 308.9, and 390. 5) respectfully. The value of the indicator of children poverty for the study area varied according to each category and to each place. The first zone demonstrated the highest value of children poverty indicator, whereas the eighth zone demonstrated the lowest value of children poverty. The study made use of many statistic methods, such as Pearson's Product Moment Correlation among the indicators of each field according to categories. Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient was also used to find out correlation among fields, (economic, social and demographic) variables, and Geographical cluster analysis according to clusters in which fields of privation are close to each other.The field study showed a correlation among fields of children poverty with various satiation factors, which reflects the total correlation children poverty. The variable of (monthly income and education of the parents) demonstrated a strong correlation among most fields that showed the extent of correlation between the characteristics of the family and children poverty. The first, second and third zones demonstrated the strongest factor of nearness, as a result of high values of privation for the fields indicators of children poverty with the general indicator. The indicator of children poverty and its value correlates with the values of fields with multi - dimensions which relate, in turn, with the indicators of these fields and their values. Therefore, the interpretation of the discrepancy of these indicators plays a vital role in the geographic dimension of its fields and its indicator of children poverty.

خصائص الترب لمشروع قصب السكر واثرها في الانتاجية في محافظة ميسان == Soil Characteristics Of The Sugar Cane Project And Its Impact On Productivity In Maysan Province

Author name: حيدر اسعد عبد الامير
Supervisor name: سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي | حسين لعيبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مشروع مزرعة قصب السكر في محافظة ميسان من المشاريع الاستراتيجية التي انشئت في سبعينات القرن الماضي, بعد نجاح زراعة قصب السكر واستنباط اصناف ملائمة للزراعة في المناطق شبه المدارية بين خطي عرض 300 جنوبا الى 340 شمالا عن خط الاستواء. تقع مزرعة قصب السكر (منط | Sugar cane plantation in the province of Maysan, a project of strategic projects established in the seventies of the last century, after the success of the cultivation of sugar cane and devise appropriate varieties for cultivation in subtropical areas between latitudes 300 south to 340 north from the equator. Sugar cane plantation is located (the study area) between latitudes 310.40 - 300.30 to the north, and the brackets of the length 470.10 - 470.06 east, mediates Hungary Great River (a tributary of the Tigris River) farm, which is the source of President perfusion of the farm. Soil sedimentary farm sugar cane, as a result of DepositionsTigris River and its branches, so they made up mainly of alluvial mud and silt, sand and clay. And have a minor decline of no more than 0.002 from the northeast to the west where the altitude ranges ground (7 - 2 M) above sea level.The climatic factors of solar radiation and temperatures suitable generally for the cultivation of sugar cane crop, especially after the adoption of the autumn farming system (start cultivating the mind in mid - August until mid - October month - a period Germination - with and there is a dormant period after the tailoring stage for a period of four months to inadequate climatic conditions extends until June to begin later growth stage Great - Vegetative growth - ). The rainfall system is not suitable for the cultivation of sugar cane, but on the contrary have to rain a negative effect, through the water increase in plant sugar cane for the required limit, as well as the rainfall in the winter has a negative effect, as the process of harvest delay and increased impurities ratio sugar juice and sugar extracted later.The jungles of the problems of the sugar cane crop, and is the deterioration of the quality and the winning amount for the sugar cane crop, as well as being host to many insects and plant pathogens and cause extra costs of labor, machinery, equipment and pesticides. And it is the growth of the bushes thickly in the early growth, which allows them to excel in growth on the main crop (sugar cane).Texture of soil to farm sugarcane as samples are Specimens alluvial mud, mud - placer as well as having Specimens sand at the rear of the second series of Saada. Accordingly, the physical properties of soils farm sugar cane does not represent any hindrance or a determining factor for the production of sugar cane crop with a good management of the soil and to suit the crop. It represents a cation exchange capacity (sodium absorption ratio) the soil's ability to deliver food material to the plant. And the ability of the soil depends on the ratio of colloids (size beloved diameter less than 2 microns) In other words, based on the proportion of Mvsolat mud and silt in the soil, because they are just that diameters of grains crystallized (2microns or less). And the value is 24 mg /100g minimum capacity of cationic exchange. Analyses of samples taken for chains of sugar cane plantation soils have shown that the value of cation exchange capacity 43 mg /100g, as a result of the high percentage of clay, and it does not represent the cation exchange capacity is no obstacle in the cultivation of sugar cane crop. Soil farm sugarcane neutral in terms of the degree of interaction, but it is to be poor in terms of food material in the soil, especially the elements phosphorus and nitrogen and potassium, so these elements being added through manure during certain periods and quantities needed by the plant.Degree drainage soils for sugarcane project varied between good, medium and bad, which is taken into account in the perfusion operations or when a land reclamation operations and reduce the salinity in the soil. The percentage of salinity and salinity in soils and accumulation of specific sugar cane crop factors. Salts has spread to large areas of farm soils sugar cane as a result of neglect and even in those lands that are Terpha with good drainage.This call to the speed of Reclamation irrigation canals and drainage and disposal of underground water near the surface of the earth, and that contributed to the increase of salinity in the soil. And creating irrigation systems and effective puncture in order to make the sugar cane project leader in Iraq with economic returns, which contributes to assign the economy of Iraq project, especially since the project is linked with other projects such as sugar cane factory - farm or constructed to take advantage of the remains of sugar cane after its age and extract sugar, such as near a farm sugar cane paper factory.The revival of the sugar cane project will encourage the relevant government departments, work to find similar projects both in Maysan or in other provinces and then there will be a new look at Iraq's economy is based on the establishment of commercial and strategic agricultural projects that will create industries are its Article preliminary cultivated crops or residues. Or projects that are based on the cultivation of cash crops, according to modern methods of agriculture. And then create a multi - polar economy countries and reduce dependence on oil and its derivatives as an economy of the country unilaterally.

تاثير الصناعة النفطية في تلوث الترب الزراعية لقضائي القرنة والمدينة : دراسة في جغرافية التلوث البيئي == The Impact Of Oil Industry Pollution On Agricultural Soils For Qurna And Madina Districts (Study Of Ecological Pollution In Geography

Author name: سها وليد مصطفى السلمان
Supervisor name: نصر عبد السجاد الموسوي | نايف محسن عزيز
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Pollution caused by the oil industry and its impact on agricultural soils are among the most serious problems that threaten the integration of the natural environment and human beings. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of showing the extent of the influence of the oil industry (oil hydrocarbons and some heavy metals) on the pollution of agricultural soils and surface water and comparing the concentrations of these pollutants with the permitted environmental standards. The study shows the role of the geographical area characteristics, the physical and chemical properties of soils contribution to the concentrations of pollutants variation in soils, water and plant of the area according to the temporal and spatial dimensions. Therefore, the study is concerned with the effect of oil pollution on agricultural soils as regards cadastral dimensions and agricultural crops as well as the number of workers in the agricultural sector and the possibility of developing methods to treat the soils affected by those pollutants. Fifty one samples of soils, water and plants of the study area were collected and analyzed.Forty samples were collected from soil sites located within the administrative boundaries of the area : (20) samples for each season (winter and summer) in 2014 at two depths (0 - 30 - 31 - 60 cm).A laboratory analysis was conducted to determine the concentrations of the physical ,chemical properties of oil and contaminants represented bypetroleum hydrocarbons HC and some heavy metals (cadmium Cd,Nickle Ni, lead Pb, copper Cu and cobalt Co). Six samples werecollected from the surface water of the area : (3) samples of each season(winter and summer) during the agricultural season in 2014 andlaboratory analysis was conducted to measure the concentrations of oilpollutants (above - mentioned) and (5) samples were collected of of okraAbstract222plant during the due period (April 2014) and were analyzed to measurethe concentrations of pollutants in the plant.One of the findings of this study is that the geographical characteristics(natural and human) have a role in differing concentrations of oilpollutants values. The study showed that there is a clear temporal andspatial contrast in physical and chemical soil properties where theconcentrations of oil pollutants were higher in summer (October) in 2014than in winter (May 2014). The results recorded high concentrations ofpollutants values nearby sites of oil production sources. This studyindicated that the concentrations of pollutants in surface water samplesfor the study area were temporal and spatial, where pollutant valuesincreased in winter more than summer. This study showed that theconcentrations of pollutants values in okra were high and exceededpersistent environmental limits. As the study showed , there is a cleardecline in the cultivated land area of winter and summer crops and a cleardecline in the number of workers in the agricultural sector.

التمثيل الخرائطي لمظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Cartographic Representation Of Aspects Of Desertification For Basrah Governorate Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology

Author name: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر | حسن عداي كرم الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اعتمدت الدراسة تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد (R.S) ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) في تمثيل مظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة على مدى الاربعين سنة الماضية (1973 - 2013)، ومحافظة البصرة من المحافظات العراقية ذات الاهمية الاستراتيجية، تقع جنوب العراق بين دائــرتـي عرض(2 | The study deals with the Remote Sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the representation of the manifistications of desertification in Basra province through the last forty years (1973 - 2013). of course , Basra province has an important strategic location amang other Iraqi province , for its situation is between latitudes (29? 6? 21? &31? 16? 45?) north and longitudes (46? 43? 33? &48? 37? 31?)to the east rond (17700 km2). As it includes wide plane lands and untapped often faced by a series of geographic factors which have led to desertification of the various forms of soil desertification. The study used sensors data (MSS , TM and LDCM) of the American Artificiat sat (Land Sat) , as well as using Sat data (Quick Bird 2 ) for three images Sattelite for the years (1973, 1990 and 2013) to determine the manifestications of desertification and the most important development which changes by analyzing the reflective properties spectral features floor of the study area visually and mechanically. The study relied an several indexs in the study and controlling aspects of desertification index (SI) for the study of soil salinity index (EMI) to measure wind erosion index (NDVI) for measuring the intensity of natural plant and other indexs cover , all of which show that the total desertified area in Basra province was (3156.2 km2) in 1973 it rose to (4714.6 km2) in 1990 and increases to (7803.3 km2) in 2013 to the appearance of salinity and wind erosion only sand and dunes. Matching Cartographic reveal the complex process (appropriate spatial) that natural factors played amajor role in increasing the desertified area Basra province suffers from desertification in general and particularly in Western divisions.

مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة والصحة == Environmental And Health Destitution Areas In Basrah City : Study In Environmental And Health Geography

Author name: معد داود جاسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: امال صالح عبود الكعبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناول الدراسة تحديد مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي ومستوياته في مدينة البصرة وذلك من خلال قراءة مكانية لبعض المعطيات المرتبطة بالبيئة الحضرية وقياس كفاءة خدمات مراكز الرعاية الصحية لاولية. بالاضافة الى انتشار الامراض الانتقالية في المدينة. حيث تناولت الدراسة ا | This research deals with determination of the environmental and health destitution areas in Basrah city and their levels. This is through spatial investigations for some data related with the urban environment first. Also Measuring the efficiency of primary health care centers second.In addition to spread of communicable diseases in the city. On the basis of the above mentioned factors, the study was built from four chapters. The first , clarify the historical development of primary health care centersand municipal Services such as Cleaning , quality of liquefaction water and sewage services.The second chapter discussed some environmental problems which are facing the city population like a household waste, contamination of drinking water and the collapse of the sewerage network. Oslo it deals with the environmental variables such as population crowding, housing space, the type of construction material, home garden. As for the third chapter included the analysis of the health setting in the city through the measurement of the efficiency of health centers based on local health standards.With respect to the fourth chapter , it classified the environmental and health destitution areas into several levels. In addition to the most important social and economic characteristics that could contribute to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city. The study came up with a number of results represented as follows : - Most (98.5%) of Basrah city population is within the scope of the environmental destitution. However, there are spatial variation in environmental destitution among the areas of the city, which was the result of a difference to the shortfall in the efficiency of the environmental indicators prevailing in each area of the city. - All areas of the city are within the health destitution, according to the health status indicators mentioned earlier. In the light of the criteria under which were identified the areas of health destitution areas in the city. But there is a spatial disparity in the health destitution levels , which was the result of a difference for the shortfall in the efficiency of health indicators, which is practiced in every neighborhood of the city of the Basrah city. - A set of economic and social factors have contributed to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city such as education, soccupation and monthly income rates
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