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التحليل الجغرافي للتغير المساحي في الاراضي الزراعية لقضاء ابي الخصيب للمدة من 1977 - 2014 م : دراسة في جغرافية الزراعة == The Impact Of Urban Encroachment On Agricultural Lands In The District Of Abi Al - Khasib For The Period 1977 - 2014“A Study In Agricultural Geography”

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة جمعة مطرود الخلاف
اسم المشرف: منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: من الواضح ان التوسع العمراني ضروري لتلبية الحاجة المتزايدة للفرد والمجتمع واماكن السكن والعمل والمرافق والخدمات. غير ان التوسع قد يحمل اخطارا كبيرة على البيئة والانسان نفسه اذا لم يكن مدروسا ومحددا بضوابط تحقق التوازن ما بين الحاجة الاجتماعية والمادية | The urban expansion in the forms of dwelling, work, facilities and services, is necessary to meet the growing needs for individuals and society. This extension may carry significant risks to the environment and human himself if it was not deliberate and specific controls to balance between social and financial need of the community. The urban encroachment in the district of Abi Al - Khasib has become an uncontrolled phenomenon covering most of its agricultural lands. It is one of the environmental issues in which suffered by the greenery within the absence of effective laws and decisions that restrict this disaster. In addition to several natural, political economic, individual and administrative variables which have a role in driftage those wide areas and changing their types. The urban forms used in the farmlands of this district are multiple including residential units in different types; stores, factories and shops in various factions; residential buildings; warehouses ships and facilities; special service projects such as educational, medical, recreational and religious complexes; and other uses. Therefore, this study has dealt with the existing agriculture in the area for the period from 1977 - 2014, its effect by the urban creep during this period, and what reasons which has led to the real condition at the present time. The study has included four chapters, the first chapter deals with the natural part through the study of physical factors that are affecting the agricultural production in the district. This is owing to joining of many geographical elements that have contributed to the diversity of agricultural crops, particularly earth’s surface, soil climate and water resources. Nevertheless, it has brought about a major change in the last years as a result of the increased water salinity in the Shatt al - Arab which is the main source of water. The rate of salinity in the water has rose to 3.94 desmanz/liter for 2012/2013, which is a type of inappropriate water for agriculture as classified by the FAO, in addition to the low water level and the lack of drainage as a result of several reasons : international and natural. Chapter two looks at human factors affecting agricultural activity by studying the manpower used in cultivation and its impact on this sector, which has fallen from 9420 people in 1977, to 923 people in 2014. This is for several reasons including the population orientation to work in other functions and occupations far from farming. It also deals with the irrigation means in various types and looks at the importance and preference of using modern methods in the process of irrigation in order to reduce the percentage of both water losses and soil salinity. However, the reduction in agricultural productivity, the lack of transport means, and the continuous wars in the area are all effects on the agricultural lands by destroying palm groves in the district.The third chapter examines the real situation of distance, urban and dwelling those have faced the area during the period of study due to settlement encroachment on the farmlands, leading to many changes in which the district being changed from its original condition prevailed for many generations since its inception. In the recent years, the characteristics of farmlands have been changed to residential areas (residential lands and commercial warehouses) as a result of sorting and chopping these lands by the locals and sold at lower prices compared with the values of lands in the center of Basra province and others. This owes to the increase in population numbers, reached about 216,000 people in 2014, while the population in 1977 was only 76912 people. This has led to an increase in the constant pressure on the general services available in the district, since the residential constructions have mostly been built without permission or regulation, overtaking on the public services like the drinking water and the national electricity.Chapter four deals with the status of agriculture in the study area, showing two dominant farming patterns : the first is the crop gardening type of palm and fruit trees that prevailed in 1970s of the last century, but they have disappeared in the recent years, and the vegetable crops. However, the number of palm trees in the district was 2,911,999 palms in 1977, but this figure has fallen to 659,710 palms in 2014; while the area of cultivated crops with summer and winter vegetables was 3,326 dounm in the growing season of 1977 - 1978, but this ratio has decreased to about 1,967 dounm during the growing season of 2013 - 2014. The second type is the field crops and includes two yields (wheat and barley) which were dominant crops until 1980s of the last century, but they have disappeared and this is due to several reasons including the high salinity of water and soil, in addition to the rising production costs compared with the competitive prices of imported products from abroad and other reasons. However, the cultivated land with forage greenery crops (alfalfa or trefoil) has widened, reaching about 653 dounm in 2014 while it was only 243 dounm in 1977. This is due to the decline in the arable land area from 76,617 dounm in 1977 to 20,488 dounm with a difference of about 56,129 dounm. This is due to the effect of low devoted area in the study area which is reached about 1,967 dounm in 2014 while it was 44,121 dounm in 1977.In fact, the Iraqi - Iranian war has left clear effects, and was the main reason which has led to the destruction of agricultural lands as a result of depopulation and the neglect of agricultural sector, especially in Al - Saybah Township which was an area for military operations where its population was zero between 1986 - 1988, except a number of soldiers who tried to constructing many earth mounds, cutting palm trees, and burying many irrigation channels.

التحليل المكاني لخريطة حرمان خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == A Spatial Analysis Of The Deprivation Map Of Infrastructure Services In Basrah City (A Study In Urban Geography)

اسم المؤلف: اديان رسن عبد الصاحب الساعدي
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني | طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان من مسؤوليات الجغرافي هو الاهتمام بخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة وتسليط الضوء عليها كونها تشكل اساس النمو الحضري وذلك من خلال دراسة وتحليل خريطة الحرمان لخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة وبيان مدى امكانية تحسين مستوى تلك الخدمات وتطويرها في ضو | The interest in infrastructure services, in the city of Basrah, as it forms the basis of urban growth of the city of Basrah, is the responsibility of a geographical expert. This could be done through studying and analyzing deprivation map of infrastructure services in Basra city, and showing the possibility of improving and developing the services level in the light of geographical variables of the said city. As the efficient availability of such services would contribute to the formation of healthy and safe environment through which people practice, on daily basis, their daily activities. This would be reflected on the development and progress of Basrah city and bringing prosperity to people.Also, the current study examines (a Spatial Analysis of the Deprivation Map of Infrastructure Services in Basrah City) determining the research problem through searching for deprivation areas in different locations in Basrah. In accordance with the problem of deprivation, study hypotheses have been placed. Deprivation problems could be overcome through provision of best services to citizens in addition to the researcher's pursuit to identify the distribution pattern of deprivation within Basra different districts.Besides, Basrah has been chosen as a study place as it is one of the most significant cities across Iraq. Basrah population has increased, thus there is an increasing demand on infrastructure services.The researcher focuses on deprivation areas and its impact on citizens based on the field study, and then matching the level of infrastructure services in Basrah with the need of citizens of such services, and with approved criteria. The study has reached to the fact that there is a shortcoming in the provision of services in some districts, services are insufficient and poorly distributed, and do not comply with the approved criteria and poorly distributed. Finally, the study has come up with a number of solutions to address deprivation in infrastructure services and develop such services to achieve prosperity for citizens of Basrah.

تحليل جغرافي سياسي للسكان في محافظة خوزستان الايرانية == Geographical Analysis Of Political Population In The Iranian Province Of Khuzestan

اسم المؤلف: حسين قاسم محمد فرج الياسري
اسم المشرف: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل جغرافي سياسي لسكان محافظة خوزستان الايرانية التي تنقسم الى (27 وحدة ادارية) لابراز دورها في القوة الشمولية لايران. والكشف عن تاثير السكان في محافظة خوزستان في القوة السياسية للدولة ودور الخصائص السكانية في بناء تلك القوة حاضرا وم | This study deals with political geographical analysis of the population in Iran's Khuzestan province, which is divided into (27 administrative unit) to highlight its role in the totalitarian power of Iran. The disclosure of the impact of population in the province of Khuzestan in the political power of the state and the role of demographics in the construction of such a force present and future, and a bug that impedes achieve this, given that the population has a direct impact and indirectly in building political power through its impact on the overall development of political, economic and social dimensions. it was among the reasons to choose the province is enjoying an important strategic location of Iran, a relatively large economic potential, particularly large reserves of crude oil, and many water resources and soil suitable for agricultural production, and harmony demographic among its population in spite of national diversity, and geographic reach population with southern Iraq, and the lack of a previous study The study followed the approach of power analysis, one of the approved curriculum in the geo - political studies in the analysis and evaluation of the population in Khuzestan province, as well as historical approach which emphasizes the time dimension in the link between the past, present and future of the population in influencing the power of the state. The study comes four chapters include a set of detectives, as well as the foreground and the findings and recommendations, and the sources and supplements and English abstract, attached maps and the shape, illustrative tables for easy reading and comparisons. And included the first chapter the historical development of the province of Khuzestan, and passed by the historical events of the population and their settlement where, changes in administrative borders in order to shed light on some facts and new concepts that are overlooked by the sources and previous research, The second chapter dealt with the geo - economic characteristics (natural and economic) to detect strength and Jeopoltekeya politically conservative and its impact on population characteristics, while the third chapter demographics of size, growth and distribution and installation of a population in order to know and influence characteristics of the population in political power, and finally dealt the final chapter the future of the population in the province by population comparison with other provinces in some important characteristics in the measurement of force in order to know the province and rank the contribution of the population in the power of the state, and expectations of future.

نقل الغاز الطبيعي في محافظة البصرة وافاقه المستقبلية == Transportation Of Natural Gas And Its On Economic Development In The Province Of Basra And Prospects Four Future

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عامر سعدون
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Natural gas is characterized as a cleaner fuel and less emissions issue is an important source of thermal, mechanical and electrical energy, Iraq is one of the important countries in the natural gas production has been affected by the exploitation of gas in it at two levels energy level and the level of raw material used in the industry. But there are several problems with this vital wealth of them face burned natural gas volumes that are still ongoing in making this source is fully invested investment. The study suggests recognize the reality of the natural gas transmission in the study area and identified the administrative border of the province of Basra, which is located in the southern part of Iraq, the study showed the development of processes natural gas in the province of Basra through several stages starting from the stage of discovery to the point now, also addressed the transport specificity of these industry, because the natural dry gas and liquid can not be transferred to transport normal, but requires a transportation specialist for this purpose, especially liquefied natural gas, as well as the transmission lines to the industry's need for logistical support services and the heads of big money, whether by pipeline or tanker trucks or gas tankers liquefied LPG. But this vital factor is influenced by many factors that delimiters him in a positive or negative affect in the process of transportation of natural gas in Iraq in general and Basra province, especially the lead to control the functioning of the most important of these factors lines are natural controls and human factors, the study revealed the role natural gas produced and transported in the gross domestic product of Iraq. the study also addressed the financial amounts that are receivable from amounts of petro dollars to support economic development projects, as well as the study of future prospects for the projects, production and transport of natural gas, and thus the study came out conclusions aimed at the development of the natural gas industry and the advancement of the current betterment being contribute to the strengthening of the national economy, and will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message.

تقييم كفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية في مدينة القرنة == An Evaluation Of The Sufficieny Of The Social Services ( Educationl, Health And Recreationl In Al - Qurna Town

اسم المؤلف: علي غانم ياسين المالكي
اسم المشرف: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت هذه الرسالة دراسة تقييم كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية في مدينة القرنة، والتي ظهر من خلالها حاجة المدينة الى المزيد من المؤسسات التعليمية حيث ان عددها الحالي هو اقل بكثير من عدد طلبتها. اما بالنسبة للمؤسسات الصحية فهي الاخرى شانها شان ا

النقل بالسكك الحديدية على طريق (بغداد - البصرة) وافاقة المستقبلية : دراسة في جغرافيا النقل == Transportation By Railway Line (Baghdad - Basra) And Future Prospects

اسم المؤلف: اماني حسين عبد الرزاق البراك
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research addresses the reality of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line from several aspects , the historical development of the line and the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting line and study commercial activity for the line and the application of theory and study of main problems and obstacles and prospects for the future, Chapter I dealt with the study of the historical development of the railways over two distinct historic, first starts with the actual beginning in establishing railway lines in Iraq in 1912 as the Germans celebrating the laid of foundation stone for a railway project. The first train was running in 1914 and the First World War had a role in the evolution of the Iraqi railways for reasons imposed by the war. The Department then moved to the Iraqi Government in 1932, after which Iraqi railways have seen a set of accomplishments and some of the reforms can be considered a turning point in its history. The second stage started in 1950 and is a founding Board of Reconstruction as well as improved Iraq oil revenues; this phase has seen quantum leaps in railway projects in Iraq generally and on the Baghdad - Basra rail line.During the years (1930 - 1979) Iraqi Railways was able to conduct lots of works by improving its network and has made great achievements reflected positively on the carriage of goods and passengers, but began to decline in the 1980s.Following the outbreak of war as the Iraq - Iran war, the Gulf war and subsequent economic blockade and the 2003 Gulf war, which have impacted negatively on the railway, despite subsequent attempts at reconstruction until 2014 but the situation is still deteriorating, The only Iraqi railway line that stayed operational is (Baghdad - Basra) most other lines stopped working. As elements of the Iraqi rail transport experienced these stages up and down , that decrease the number of Baghdad - Basra line stations (40) station and several viaducts and bridges with 635 and 430 round arch and 500,000 concrete girder, 578,000 wooden keel , 9049 rail truck of various types. Chapter II dealt with geographical factors that effects direct and indirect impact on rail traffic on the line (Baghdad - Basra) including natural factors such as geographic location, geological structure, soil Surface topography, climate, and water resources which have great impact on the establishment of a network of railways on the Baghdad - Basra line where the track and cost, as well as the impact of these factors on the growth of rail transport and movement. There are also human factors played an important role in influencing the rail traffic on the line (Baghdad - Basra) and painted features of economic development of that region being the dominant governing factors and dominant were these factors Population growth in the study area and the political factor was decisive was the most prominent among these factors were influential in charting the backwardness and decline of railway line (Baghdad - Basra) as well as the economic factor, which demonstrated its impact on railway development in the 1970s and a decline in railway line following the decline of the Iraqi economy in the 1980s and subsequent decades. Chapter III dealt with the evolution of the activity of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line during the study period (1997 - 2014) that witnessed diverse activities of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line which addressed in the following three periods : - 1. The period of 1997 - 2002 has accomplished the transportation of 6,035,914 travelers achieving revenue of 11,638,973,250 dinars as well as cargo reached 872,290,305 tons achieving revenues in the amount of 19,135,173,559 dinars.2. The period of 2003 - 2008 in which 346,797 passengers transported achieving revenue of 982,550,275 dinars as well as cargo reached 1,425,729 tones achieving revenue of 8,145,372,660 Dinars.3. the period of 2009 - 2014 the total transported were 1,022,946 passengers, which achieved revenues of 11,638,973,250 Dinars as well as 3,388,686 tons of cargos that achieved revenue of 41520922169 Dinars Chapter IV dealt with the application of theory to wait found statistical results for my waiting on line stations (Baghdad - Basra) we came up with : 1 - 1. Despite of recording low waiting periods both in loading or unloading shipments, but this does not mean that the efficiency of such stations but has other reasons such as lack of trains or the lack of loaded or unloaded cargos.2. There are disparities in unloading and loading periods at the same station, sometimes due to the type of goods loaded or discharged.3. Despite the rise in the level of services, some stations recorded high rates of wait time due to large numbers trains in stations or additional reasons such as strict security measures followed in those stations, as Baghdad station.2 - 4. It appears through the research that some stations in spite of its limited capabilities, but performed significant tasks in the field of rail transportation as a Umm Qasr, which handling most Iraqi commercial activities, on the other hand stations like Maa”kal though it have tremendous capabilities but offering almost no services due to the lack of activities at Maa’kal port 5. Generally, the study recorded a decline in transportation by rail line (Baghdad - Basra) when compared to the rest of the railway services in neighboring countries.6. The study recorded a clear decline in railway transportation on (Baghdad - Basra) line due the reluctance of many transportation services of contracting with the Iraqi railways, and the adoption of other land transportation as alternative. - Chapter v dealt with the study of the problems and constraints of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line and future prospects we are as follows : - 1. The growth in the number of stations was slow in the study period as well as the growth of rail lines, making (Baghdad - Basra) railway line almost static and stabile. In sometimes numbers of passengers or freights went down as in 2007 were recorded.Despite slow growth, factors affecting (Baghdad - Basra) railway line will continue to evolve and progress in the future if the railways management, the Ministry of transport and other designated ministries like Ministry of planning and finance considered ways and plans to improve the railways in Iraq generally and Baghdad - Basra line due to its strategic importance

التنمية الاسكانية المستدامة للمدن الرئيسة في محافظة البصرة == Sustainable Housing Development For Main Cities In Basra Governorate

اسم المؤلف: اسامة اسماعيل عثمان الراشد
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ينظر لمشكلة الاسكان على انها عبارة عن حالة تسيطر عليها ظاهرة قلة المساكن المتاحة والملائم للافراد الذين يشعرون بحاجة لها، وكان لغياب الاستراتيجيات الاسكانية والاعتماد على حلول عشوائية بعيدة عن الرؤى الواضحة المعتمدة على دراسات رصينة لدى العديد من الدول وم | The house is one of the necessities of life for residents in any community has long stressed the UN initiatives across their organizations related to the provision of adequate housing for members of the community to this fact, however, that the absence of strategies for housing and rely on random solutions is far from clear vision based on solid studies in many countries contributed to live up the problem of providing housing to the level of crisis. As long as communities grow at an accelerated pace of housing the need for this growth must keep pace with the demand for residential need. The study aims to prepare a program for the development of a sustainable housing for main cities in the Governorate of Basra illustrates through it to imagine how to eliminate the housing crisis in those cities. In order to achieve this goal has to be to achieve secondary objectives are as follows : 1 - study the natural reality of the Governorate of Basra, which affect all of its components in the construction of the housing unit process, either directly or indirectly.2 - study of Population and Housing, located in main cities.3 - study Housing dependent programs in main cities.4 - activating the role of geography in support of the planning processes and drawing sustainable housing development strategies.5 - build a model for sustainable housing development in the Governorate of Basra. For the purpose of achieving the aims of the study was divided into an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter discusses of some imperceptible frameworks, there came titled Housing sustainable development concept, targets and indicators and divided into two sections devoted first to the study of development, housing and sustainability concepts and their relation to the geographical knowledge of while eating second part, the concept of sustainable housing development, objectives and indicators, the second chapter also discusses the natural and human characteristics of the major cities and divided into two sections the first lesson of Basra natural conservative characteristics while dedicated second section to examine the reality of the main population and residential cities, while the third chapter of sustainable housing development variables and dimensions of the main cities in the province of Basra and the Department chapter to two sections, while the fourth chapter titled housing programs in main cities in the Governorate of Basra and contained a chapter on the three sections allocated first to examine some international experiences in the field of housing programs while eating the second research study and analysis for housing programs carried out in main cities in the province, while used program (swat) analysis in the third section of the statement of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for housing programs based on them. The fifth chapter dealt with the study of impediments to sustainable housing development in the main cities and ways to address them chapter and section to the first two sections deal with the challenges of sustainable housing development success while the researcher built a model of sustainable housing development to the main cities of the Governorate. The study concluded a set of findings and proposals.

نمـط التـوزيع المكانـي للقـرى وخدماتـها في قضاء الشـطرة == The Pattern Of Spatial Distribution Of Villages And Their Services At Shattra District

اسم المؤلف: قاسم مطر عبد الخالدي
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Despite that the villages is older and more ancient in civilization and bigger in population and in construction beside they are larger in geographical distribution of the cities, but the geographers' interesting with villages came late as far as time is concerned and weak as far as science is concerned as compare with the study of the cities. Thus, it is very needful for the Iraqi villages in general and Shattra in particular at Thee Qar province with the scientific, academic, and governmental development to day from any time ago, specially with the crumble down of its economical status and increasing its social status. This was the starting point for that academic research that takes the villages of Shattra as sample of the rural traditional villages for the geographical study. The research depends basically on the field study further more the researcher lived himself there through his periodically visits there and had been acquainted with the people's suffering because of the leak of social services and the infrastructure. The revealing of special distribution module for the rural population centers and analyzing the natural and human elements that are related with the distribution module form significant study in human geography. The aim of modeling is to reach limited number of modules that the researcher had studied. This was specially after developing of the modern statistics methods that were followed by other sciences in studying the modules of the special gathering modules and the methods of their distribution in earth. Thus, the study came to be anticipation in that way for revealing the modules of the riral population modules and the researcher's interesting in study that expresses the affirmation of that syllabus and believing of the vivid and regional importance for it includes the agricultural lands with fertilized soils beside surface irrigation systems that are represented by the Gharaff stream and its branches. To achieve the goal of this study, it is necessary to divide the study into five chapters in addition to the results. The first chapter dealt with the historical development of the rural population and the historical rise of Shattra district and the satges of its establishment, and the demographical development for the people of its rural villages since the second population statistic process in Iraq till 2006. The second chapter dealt with the geographical rural distribution for the rural centers and the numeric distribution for the rural population centers, also the density of rural population and the modules of spatial distribution for the rural centers at the area. In addition to the quantum distribution of the rural centers and the civilized rural parts. The third chapter dealt with the effective elements in rural centers at the district, that divided into natural and human elements and decided diagramming that draw the picture of rural population. The fourth chapter put to study just the morphology of traditional villages because of of the unavailability of planning villages also it came across the methodology of morphology of rural housing and the modules of their distribution and the population status and its efficiency.The fifth chapter included showing the social educational, health , entertainment , and infrastructural services such as electricity and drinking water and the transportation and evaluating the efficiency of that services then looking for their environmental harmony with the regional relationships of the area of the study

التحليل الجغرافي للنشاط الاقتصادي في قضاء ابي الخصيب واتجاهاته المستقبلية للمدة 1997 - 2015 == Geographical Analysis Of The Economic Activities And Their Future Tendencies In Abu - Al - Khaseeb In The Years 1997 - 2015

اسم المؤلف: احمد رزاق جعو عداي الفرطوسي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير كاسب مزعل
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اكدت توجهات الجغرافية الحديثة على دراسة الموضوعات التي تعالج احوال السكان الاقتصادية، وكانت هذه الرسالة بدراسة النشاط الاقتصادي للسكان قضاء ابي الخصيب وللمدة (1997 - 2015)، اي دراسة( السكان النشيطين اقتصاديا) بوصفهم يمثلون هوية البلد الاقتصادية واتجاهه الا | The modern trends in geography emphasize the study of topics that deal with the demographic settings. This study is an investigation of the economic activity of the population in the town of Abu al - khaseeb during the years 1997 - 2015.ln other words, it studies the economically producing people who make the economic identity of the country and its economic situation in a way that affects the social and economic well - being of the society. The study has been carried out in the south of Iraq, exactly in Abu Al - Khaseeb in the southeastern part of Basrah governorate. Abu Al - Khaseeb covers an area of 1152km2 (6% of the total area of the governorate which is 19070km2) The study attempts to analyze the spatial variation of the economic activity of the population in Abu Al - Khaseeb and to show the size and distribution of the labour force and defining the changes in the tendencies of this activity across the different locations of the area under study. The study contains a spatial analysis of the labour force and its distribution according to the economic activities. It also discusses the measures of the labour forces maps, data and figures are also used to meet the needs of the study.The study revealed that the size of the labour force (the economically producing peoply) in 1997 was 62226(49.9%)in number in the urban areas and 2532(27.4%)in the rural areas. In 2015,the economic activity increased especially in the urban areas.As for the distributin according to the labour type,the study revealed that the paid labourers in the town centre came in the first position in the years 1997 - 2015(53.5%and 47.6% respectively). In the rural areas in 1997, the labour type of work - for - oneself took the first position(43%)whereas the paid labourers type was first(45%)in 2015 because the rate of the type of work - for - oneself fell down in 2015.In 1997,the type of the producing workers(7,8,9)and those related to them came in the first position(25%). In 2015, the job of civil servants and clerks(3)was in the first position(40%)and that meant that there was a trend towards working in the governmental institutions after 2003 loecaue the percentage in 2015 was higher than that of 1997. In 1997, the average of unemployment in the area under study was 25% in the town centre 20% in the urban areas and 10% in the rural areas. In 2015, the unemployment was 30% in the town centre,25% in the urban areas and 12% in the rural areas. This indicated that unemployment increased more in 2015 than in 1997 because most of the productive and industrial institutions stopped working. In addition, the economic policy of the country changed and shifted towards that of the market.As for the future perspectives, moving of the population to the rural areas and the phenomenon of Both saline water are highly affecting agriculture. Most of the agricultural activities are fading away. The agricultural production becomes very low and agriculture, in general, is not supported or encouraged. Besides and because of all this, people who are economically active are shifting to the public centre. And the financial deficit has impacted the economic activists on practicing their activities, especially. The ones that hold certificates from universities a fter, the lack of work opportunities in all the countries seta abolishment’s which caused the number of unemployed people to be increased especially at the years of 2013 - 2014 - 2015.

صناعة طحن الحبوب في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == Grain Grinding Industry In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Industry)

اسم المؤلف: محمد علي جبر المساعد
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Through the study of grain grinding industry in Basrah province, knowing its present status and passing by the stages of its development and shedding lights on the potentials that led to its endemicity in the province, the study reached at the following results : 1. The fifties of the previous century witnessed a transformation in grain grinding industry in Basrah where technical grain grinding mills were used instead of stone grinding ones. The first technical mill was erected in 1955 (Basrah Private Grinding Mill).2. The superiority of the private sector in the field of grain grinding where the public sector never enter the industry until 2012 when Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill was erected. 3. The number of grain grinding mills increased during the period of study. They were nine mills in 2000 and increased to 16 mills in 2015 in a growth average about 21.14% in spite of the military and economic circumstances in the country. The number of the workers in this industry increased from 465 in 2000 to 714 in 2015. The amount of wages given to them increased from 223312 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 359828 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. The price of production increased from 2498617 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 19898402 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. The price of the production stuff increased also but in a lesser degree where its price was 2184610 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 9895436 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. This indicates a healthy state represented by achieving efficiency, for the concept of efficiency indicates the degree industrial development. 4. Grain grinding mills are connected to the state enterprise for grain industry by contracting with it to supply them with the raw material and grind it according to a monthly plan issued by the ministry of trade for a sum of money. This limits the possibility of increasing production. Great part of the production capacity is idled; where the study showed that the actual sum of the designed production capacity for grain grinding mills is about 3231 tons per day in 2015, while the actual amount of production was only 1975 tons per day. This indicates that a great amount of production is idled; it is about 1256 tons per day which makes 38.87 % of the designed capacity. 5. The province has a great population; it is about (2818802) according to the approximations of 2015, they make (7.63%) of the population of Iraq which is about (36933714). This population is distributed into 548921 families in the different administrative districts. The greater number of the population lies in ALBasrah District; it is about 1385403 which make 6. 49.15%. Azubair District comes in the second place; where the number of the population is about 496923 which make 17.63% of the total population of the province. 7. There is an obvious shortage in the grain production in the province. Rice crop for example never existed throughout the study period. Barely crop is very little. The study clarifies that there is a great shortage in the wheat crop to the extent that the production amount in the province does not suffice the people more than a month or two. The province production was about 44529 tons in 2015 whereas the need of the province was 398194 tons which make about 11.18% for the same year. This led to satisfy the need in either of two ways : transferring from other provinces, and importing from abroad. 8. Grain grinding mills occupy areas of land that make about 124150 m2. Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill's share makes about 36.25% of the total area occupied by grinding mills. The area of buildings makes 33250 m2. Again Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill makes about 15.04%, while AlBasrah grinding mill makes 11.58% of the total area of the buildings. 9. The field study showed that the spatial distribution of the mills was centered in AlBasrah District, where 14 technical grinding mills lie, this makes 87.5% of the total number of the technical grinding mills. It also included four small stone grinding mills in a percentage of 50% of the total number of such mills. Alqurna District came in the second place with two mills one of them is technical and the other is stone grinding one. This makes 6.25% of the total number of the technical mills in the province and 12.5% of the total number of stone mills. Abi Alkhaseeb District came in the third place with one technical mill that represents 6.25% of the total number of the technical mills in the province. Almedina District included two stone mills representing 25% of the total number of such mills in the province. Finally, Azubair District included one stone mill with 12.5 % of the total number of such mills in the province. Faw and Shatt - el - Arab districts do not have any kind of mills. 10. The study identifies a number of problems that face grain grinding industry in the province; most of them are connected with (raw material, production problems, spatial distribution, and water availability, caning and covering problems, power supplies, funding, work power, environmental pollution). 11. The study of the correlation coefficient of some of the independent variables with the indicators of the development in the number of grain grinding mills, the following results have been found : a) There a strong and positive relationship between most of the factors and the number of the industrial establishments ranges between (0.341+, 997+).b) There is an inverse relationship between the area variable and the number of the establishments (0.33 - ).c) The variable of the number of ration centers came first in terms of the strength of correlation with the number of grain grinding mills in the province.d) There is a positive relationship between (urban inhabitants, work power, share capital, transportation roads, raw material, water supplies, rural inhabitants) it was about (0,957+, 0,962+, 0,854+, 0,544+, 0,542+, 0,342+) respectively. 12. Studying the future directions for the development markers of grain grinding industry in the province for the period (2015 - 2030), the study found out the following : a) The number of grain grinding establishments will be 18 in 2020 and 20 in 2025 and 22 in 2030. The change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 38%.b) The number of the workers in grain grinding establishments will be 783 in 2020 and 863 in 2025 and 943 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 32%.c) The amount of money paid for the workers will be 382272 Iraqi Dinars in 2020 and 419443 Iraqi Dinars in 2025 and 456613 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 32%.d) The price of production stuff will be 2065141 Iraqi Dinars in 2020, then it will decrease to 2041169 in 2025, then it will decrease again to 2017196 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is minus 8 - %. e) The price of the production in grain grinding establishments will be 2619848 in 2020 and 2656323 in 2025 and 2692799 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage of the production prices for the period (2015 - 2030) is 3%.f) The additional value in grain grinding establishments will be 314003,5 Iraqi Dinars in 2020 and 314009,2 in 2025 and 314014,9 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage of the additional value for the period (2015 - 2030) is 0.02%.

واقع الخدمات الترفيهية في مدينة البصرة وسبل تنميتها : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Reality Of Entertainment Services In Basra City And Methods Of Developing Them : (A Study In Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: عمار عبد الجبار دايش الزهيري
اسم المشرف: سلمان مغامس عبود
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aims at getting to know the reality of entertainment services in Basra, means of developing it for the year 2015, and estimate the needs for entertainment services pursuant to local standards and populations for the year 2015 as to the number of services, its types and area occupied. Primarily, his research is based on field study to list all types of entertainment services provided due to its widespread, and not being registered at government directorates, and have been identified using (GPS).The study has found that there is a big shortage in the number, area of services and its types provided as well as poor distribution of services. It was found in a city there are (19) entertainment services of a certain type, numbered (269) services, which are not enough to meet the needs of population (1189613) persons for the year 2015. The area occupies is (3295433) meter square, equal to (%3.7) of the city total area (89110000) meter square. This percentage is higher because of the area occupied by the sport city which constitutes half of entertainment services area. However, what has been allocated for entertainment services is a small area and number of services is few, this it is required, in line with citizens' needs to make available (1782) entertainment services for the year 2025 occupying an area of (11722863) meter square according to standards, to become characterized by high efficiency, which is one of the means leading to best entertainment services.The study is of four chapters. The first one deals with the theoretical evidence, statistical procedures and historical development of entertainment services in Basra. It is of two sections; the first section focuses on historical development of entertainment services the theoretical evidence, statistical procedures used in this study while the second one discusses historical development of entertainment services in Basra. Second chapter mentions some of population characteristics in Basra, while the third chapter examines the spatial distribution of entertainment services in Basra and ways of developing it. It is classified into three sections. The first section deals with assessment of efficiency of entertainment services in Basra relying on some local standards, the second section makes a reference to assessment of efficiency of entertainment services in Basra relying on public indicators of entertainment services which were summed up out of a questionnaire set for the study.The third section discusses assessment of the current and future needs of entertainment services. In the end, there is a set of findings and recommendations sent to the concerned authorities such as planners and implementers to remedy the shortage in entertainment services in Basra city.

قضاء سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في الجغرافية الاقليمية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == Suk Al - Shuykh District A Study In Regional Geography By Using Ceogrphic Information Systeme (GIS)

اسم المؤلف: عماد زيدان حمد الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research deals with a regional study about Suq Al - Shouk district, which is situated to the south of Thi - Qar province. A previous study about Suq Al - Shouk with its five sub - towns is not available therefore, the researcher had to depend on the field study, observation, watching the different geographical changes through personal interviews.The reason for the choice of subject represents the geographical significance of the study area, because it represents an essential part of the marshes of south of Iraq in addition to its being within a part of sedimentary plateau and the Western Hills, so the region has a significant geographical difference.The objective of the research is to identify the human and natural characteristics of the study area and most importanty spatial geographical factor relationships. The researcher made use of the modern (GIS) geographic technology in addition to the ways and statistical techniques to show the results taken from the study and to prove the hypotheses.The Scientific necessity led to divide the reaserch into four chapters, the first chapter deals with the natural characteristics which include : the geographical location, the geological structure, the surface, the climate, the water resources, the soil and the natural vegetation. The second chapter deals with the populations characteristics, while the third chapter deals with the economic activity of the population of the district. The fourth chapter focuses on the development potential of the district which includes : health,education and transportation services. The study has been consolidated by (49) tables, (40) maps, (28) charts, in addition to illustrations.It was obvious from study that the district depends on the water of the Euphrates river and its branches, and the levels of this water are subject to fluctuation, and also it was obvious that the high increase of the population size of the district during the period of the study at a growth rate of 4.5%. As for agriculture. The study has shown that the area planted with date palms at the rate of 34.5% has the first rank compared with the other crops, whereas cows have the first rank of the livestock at the rate of 59% of the total livestock in the district.In addition the district has different types of industries, notably the construction industry like bricks and blocks and many other industries lice : timber, craft and food. As for the developmental side, it is obviously clear that there are many important archaeological sites in addition to the marshes which will enhance the tourist side of the distrust. The study also reveals an obvious shortage in the number of doctors and in the number of schools according to age groups.The researcher has included a number of proposals at the end of the search in which he thinks they are the suitable solutions to deal with the problem of his research, the most important of which is to make a rural development in the district to protect the local production from neglect, and to develop the tourist side, and to increase the government support to farmers, The researcher hopes that he has contributed to enriching the geographical library with a study about an important area from the areas in Iraq, and success is from God.

السكن العشوائي في مدينة العمارة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Squatter Settlement In Amara City - A Study In Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: احمد صيهود هاشم البهادلي
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة مشكلة واقعية اخذت بالتزايد مع ازدياد معدلات النمو السكاني، وزيادة ظاهرتي الفقر والبطالة، وتعد هذه المشكلة تحديا للنظام الاجتماعي والاقتصادي وعقبة اساسية من عقبات التنمية الاجتماعية والثقافية، فالنمو غير الاعتيادي في حجم المناطق السكنية | The study dealt with realistic problem took increasing with the increasing rates of population growth, increasing poverty and unemployment, and the longer this problem is a challenge for social and economic system and basic obstacle of obstacles to social and cultural development, growth is unusual in the size of the random residential areas and the continuation of its appearance, and depending on Mcespbadtha Making control of this growth is difficult irks authorities planning and executive authorities in major cities of the developing world and thus become more of the problems bearing on the reality of city life and structure, as it suffers a lot of cities around the world from the results and the effects of this problem, namely (random settlements served) or slums) or (excesses areas) or (Housing informal or Allasm) No matter how diversified and varied concepts and names it means one thing : It is a moving problem on the reality of the city to Matnottagh effects and cons of urban life. In light of the foregoing this study came to its objectives and hypotheses to address the current problem within the city of Amara, as the study titled (slums in the city of Amarah).Search launched by several variables adopted in this study in order to highlight and illustrate the problem and its size within and its impact on urban life of the city of Amara, the study area was the most prominent are trespassing on the land and the establishment of housing illegal and irregular and are unplanned. The expansion also is planned and random, which resulted in the expansion of slums and the lack of municipal and administrative control of the stakeholders in the city.The letter was included (23) map and (73) and a table (19) form and (17) the image as well as supplements and sources Conclusion very English.The letter came out a set of the most important conclusions that the presence of this kind of random housing is planned to revive the city of Amara, the result of rising land prices and rents as well as the lack of planning policy intact. The slums in the study area due to a natural extension of the study site area which attracted the attention of immigrants to as Maysan province, on the one hand and the availability of employment opportunities in the other. The presence of these slums has a negative effect on the overall what exists In the study service area of all kinds. The these areas and despite the disadvantages that characterized the lack of public services and the infrastructure Fa it's considered a place populated by large numbers of people who suffer from a shortage to a lack of formal housing, also found the results of the study to clarify the concept of zones and random reasons tion within the study area

الصناعات الصغيرة في قضاءي القرنة والمدينة == Small Industries In The Districts Of Qurna And Medina

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عبد الستار جبر
اسم المشرف: فارس مهدي محمد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الصناعة احدى القطاعات الاقتصادية المهمة، وتظهر اهمية الصناعات الصغيرة من خلال عملية تغيير النمط الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والحضاري لاي مجتمع، من خلال احداث تغيير في هيكلة الايدي العاملة وتركيب المهن، كما تعمل على تقليل التفاوت الاقتصادي بين الوحدات الادار | Industry is considered one of the important economic sectors. The importance of small industries clearly appears through the process of changing the social, economic, and civilized aspects of any society through changing the structure of the workforce and professions. They also work on decreasing the economic variation between the administrative units by improving people's living level. In five chapters, the present study sheds lights on small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina. Chapter one speaks about; the concept of small industries, their characteristics, classification, importance, and their historical development in these two districts which dates back to the beginnings of the dependence of Iraq in 1921. Chapter two deals with the factors of Industrial settlement and the impact of each of which on the emergence and development of these industries in the two districts. Chapter three tackles the industrial processes of small industries and crafts in the two districts. Chapter four displays the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina; it falls into two sections, section one includes the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts according to their administrative units. It appears that there is a spatial variation between the administrative units. In Qurna, there are (418) factories that employ (1176) workers, whereas in Medina, there are (951) factories that employ (2359). Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes in the first place with (43%), the center of Qurna district comes in the second place with (17%), in the third place comes the center of Medina district with (15.8%), Imam Sadiq region maintains place number four with (10.6%), Aldair region occupies place number five with (7.9%), Althagher region comes in the sixth place with (5.7%). Section two points out that there is a variation in the distribution of the type of industry in these two districts. Food industries in Qurna included (150) factories which employ (433) workers, whereas in Medina there are (112) factories which employ (330) workers. As for small construction industries, there are (171) factories in Qurna that employ (606) workers, while there are (608) factories in Medina that employ (1625) workers. In reference to cloth making industry, there are (43) factories in Qurna with (52) workers, while there are (65) factories in Medina with (74) workers. As for engineering industries, there are (11) factories that employ (23) workers, while there are (14) factories in Medina that employ (25) workers. In water transportation industry there are (2) factories in Qurna with (3) workers, whereas in Medina there are (10) factories with (10) workers. Typing and flex advertising industry in Qurna included (4) factories with (4) workers. Craft industries in Qurna involved (155) factories with (190) workers, while in Medina there are (91) factories with (115) workers. Aldair region comes in the first place with (28%), Althagher comes second with (21.6%), Imam Sadiq region comes third with (17.8%), in the fourth place comes the center of Qurna district with (13.4%), Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes fifth with (10.6%), in the sixth and last place comes the center of Medina district with (8.6%). Chapter five studies the industrial structure and compares small industries in the two districts. The number of factories in the two districts is (1369) which employ (3535) workers. There isn’t that much variation in small variation where the structure of industry depended on construction industries, metal industries, furniture and wood industries and others. Chapter six tackles the most important problems that face small industries in the two districts like raw material and variation of its prices, whose origin is mostly from aboard, add to this the problem of marketing because of the competition with foreign products. In addition to unqualified workforce that lack technical ability. Environmental pollution is another issue, though small industries cause less pollution in comparison with big industries, some industries like ice industry in the area of study may cause poisonous suffocation because of Ammonia gas especially when the wind direction is to the east. Weak infrastructure is another problem that hinders the process of transporting the products.

المشاريع الاسكانية - انماطها ودورها في حل ازمة السكن في محافظة البصرة لعام 2015 == Housing Projects : Patterns And Role In Resolving The Housing Crisis In The Province Of Basrah

اسم المؤلف: ايات عبد الوهاب خريبش العلي
اسم المشرف: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد السكن من الحاجات الاساسية المهمة لبناء المجتمع والدولة، ويرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالتحضر والتمدن، وبعملية تطور المجتمعات باشكالها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مر العصور، لذا فان توفر المسكن هو من اولويات حقوق الانسان والحاجة اليه ضرورية بصورة مستمرة ودا | Housing is one of the basic needs necessary for building society and country. It is closely associated with urbanization and with the process of development in its economic and social forms, along all ages. The availability of a house is a priority of human rights, and the need for it is permanently necessary. Despite the fact that the right to own a house is legislated in the Iraqi constitution, this right hasn't been given serious and enough attention. That's why most Iraqi provinces suffer from a severe housing crisis which hasn't emerged from the current situation only, but it is accumulation of previous years of negligence from the government and its official committees from the one hand and the increase in the population growth as well as the return of the displaced from and out of the other provinces from the other hand. All this led to the emergence of a severe shortage in the number of housing units, where their number becomes far much less than the number of the families. As the time passes the shortage of the housing units increases and the demand for them increases as well. This resulted in very severe decrease in the number of the housing units. Moreover, it caused a sharp deficiency to provide proper housing.The aim of the study was to give a complete picture about the different types of housing projects, governmental or investment projects, in Basrah province. The study referred also to the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution. It emphasized the degree of contribution of these projects in resolving the housing crisis in Basrah. In its third chapters, the study tackled most of the literary and scientific aspects of this topic. In the first chapter, it dealt with the general concepts of house and housing and housing policy. In the second chapter, it dealt with the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution in Basrah. In the third and last chapter, the study gave future insights of the prospective housing projects in the province. The study ended with some suggestions that would contribute to resolving the housing crisis and developing the projects in the province

التركيب الاقتصادي للسكان في قضاء الزبير لسنتي 1997 - 2015 == The Economic Structure of the Inhabitants of AZ-Zubair District for the Period (1997-2015)

اسم المؤلف: لبنى فالح غالي السيلاوي
اسم المشرف: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة موضوع التركيب الاقتصادي لسكان قضاء الزبير الذي يعد من المواضيع السكانية التي تثير اهتمام الكثير من المختصين الجغرافيين اذ يتم ذلك من خلال دراسة خصائصها الديموغرافية وحجم القوى العاملة والتركيب النوعي والعمري للقوى العاملة ونسبة الاعالة ونس | The study of the economic structure is of a great importance in the population studies for it is one of the topics that evoke the interest of geographical specialists. From this the study gains its importance; hence the study aims at identifying the economic structure of Az - zubair district for the period (1997 - 2015) and the demographic characteristics of the workforce and the aspects of the economic structure which include (economic activity, profession, work state) and the most important affecting factors. Az - zubair region, which lies to the south west of Basrah Province and includes three administrative units (Center of the district, Safwan, Om Qasar) has been chosen to identify the degree of spatial and temporal variation of the workforce according to its size. The researcher depended on the data provided by the general censuses of 1997 and 2015. The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter tackles the demographic characteristics, the size of the workforce, the structure of its types, age groups, the degree of dependence, and the average of the raw economic activity. The second chapter displays the distribution of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter three introduces the professional structure of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter four provides information about the work state of the workforce. Chapter five tackles the factors that affect the workforce (education and marriage). The study reached at the following results, the agricultural activity came first for the period (1997 - 2015) and the production workers came first also in the district

الملامح الجغرافية لظاهرة العنوسة في مدينة الزبير وابعادها : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == Geographical Features And Dimensions Of Spinstership In The Town Of Zubair : A Socio - Geographical Study

اسم المؤلف: بسمة عبد الحسين محمد الهاشمي
اسم المشرف: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Spinster ship is a problem that characterizes mast Families and societies nowadags. lt is growing rapidlg because of the differentChanges and the great effects of them on the females in these ocities Spinsters are the unmarried females of the age of 30 onwards. This problem is world - widelg realized and its range uaries from ne society to anathor.In Iraq and Basrah. In particular. spinster ship is considered as an outcome of the economic. Social. Political. cultural and techndagical Changes that occur in the country.it appears in most of the administrative units in Basrah governarate in cluding the town of AL - Zubair. There fore. this studg in vestigates this problem from a socio - geographical Perspective. Additionallg. the study discusses the characteristics of spinster ship to find out its relation and how it is in fluenced bg the different economic. social , technological and personal variables.In addition to the sources and referencesy The studg dependsl on a questionnaire distributed to 660 repondents the Studg arrived at the following conclusions : 1 - The number and percentage of spinsters differ from one sector in AL - ZubairTo another according to the source of Attraction and the different charactersstics And features of cevey section2 - The economic. social. health and personal Factors are the mast effective ones to in crease cases of spinster ship.3 - whan the girl reaches the age of spinster ship ( 30 years). she is exposed to serious demographic. Psychological and moral effectsthat highly in fluence the girl. The family and the society.The study recommends the following : 1 - providing a database of sinstership by the Statotics centre in Basah in cooperation with the local govennment to know the exact umber of spinsters and to Plan to stop and get rid of this Phenomenon2 - Developing plans by the government to Financially help and encourage the youth To marry.3 - Looking at women as playing an im poant role in society and that they hava their own duties and rights that can not be Over looked

تغير بعض الخصائص الهيدروكيميائيه لنهر الفرات بين محطتي الناصرية والقرنة - جنوب العراق == The Euphrates Hydro - Chemical Changes From Nassriyah To Qurna South Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحسن عبد النبي هاشم حميدي
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تبين من خلال الدراسة للخصائص الهيدركيميائية لنهر الفرات في القسم الاسفل من حوض, تاثر الموارد المائية كما ونوعا بالعوامل الطبيعة والبشرية. فقد اتضح من خلال الدراسة اثر العوامل الطبيعية المتمثلة بالموقع الجغرافي للمنطقة في القسم الاسفل من الحوص على انخف | This study analysis the Euphrates hydro - chemical water changes at the lower section. the study consists five chapters, the first deals with the factors affecting water changes such as ( Location, Geology, Topography, Climate, Soil, Natural vegetation cover, Irrigation development of riparian countries, dams and reservoirs and pollution).The second chapter represents the hydrological changes of the river. It focus on water sources the annual, seasonal and monthly water discharges. the annual water discharge includes flood year moderate and dry year ,with discharge variation of 946 (1969) cubic meter per second, 344 (1985), and 34.7 (2009) respectively.Chapter three is dedicated for the chemical variations. These includes (T.D.S, T.H, NO3, SO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCo3, PO4, and Do ) for the period (1967 - 1969) compared with the period of (2014) and (2015 - 2016).Chapter four present the effect of hydro - chemical changes on agriculture development, drinking, animal watering, industrial purposes and environment. The study reveals that the river water become unsuitable for the most uses above.Chapter five discuss the Euphrates water management. It includes fair agreement between the riparian states , construction of now reservoirs , applied advancing irrigation methods , controlling of sewage and drainage water intensive agriculture system, developing of people activities and copration with international Organizations.These measure are vitally important to improve water quality and quantity for the lower Euphrates basin.

مصائد الاسماك ومزارع تربيتها في محافظة البصرة == Fisheries And Farms Reared In Basra Province

اسم المؤلف: علي خضير عباس
اسم المشرف: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fish wealth has received a great interest by all countries of the world because of its nutritional value and economic importance, the study area is one of the important areas in Iraq in the agricultural production in both its plant and animal production. Fish wealth is of a great importance due to the availability of water bodies in the province represented by the lower part from the stream of the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates), and Shatt al - Arab. As well as the waters of the marshes. Basra province represents a sea port of Iraq on the Arabian Gulf's head, and provides the other provinces by various types of sea fish , and that these ingredients can be developed and supported to reach self - sufficiency in achieving food security and reducing imports from abroad.The aim of this study is to reveal the reality of the Wealth Fish in Basra province and analysis of the natural and human Constituents to its relationship by this side and diagnosis of problems encountered the process of production. The study gets about its statements from looking at the fish breeding farms in the dusty lakes and the cages and learn about the natural and human factors affecting it.In the different administrative units in Basra province and conducting personal interviews with a number of fishermen in territorial waters and fresh water, and the owners of fish breeding farms as well as the form the questionnaire which included the sea fishing in the territorial waters and breeding farms fish and a laboratory analysis of water samples in (36) model from the waters of Shatt al Arabs and that of three sites of the Shatt al - Arab which are al Deer district and the two districts of al Hartha and al Faw ,and by (12) models for each site for the years (2015 - 2016 ) two bottle glasses are used in the process of models collection. the price of the one is (1) liter, and it is especially in the collection of water samples for the purpose of the laboratory analysis, and the samples were taken from depth of 2 liters of the river. The Study shows the low capita share of Annual Iraqi individual from the fish meat produced locally, which amounted to 1.79 kg / year in 2002,as it became clear that there is a contrast variation in the amounts of fishing from year to year, and this is due to many factors, including the biological state of the fishes or It may return to primitive ways of fishing or the impact of fish stock by the high fishing effort or the allowed Fishing. And the site of Basra province is considered as a featured site because it is the only province in Iraq, which has access to the sea which provides other province by various kinds of fishes and in spite of the scarcity of water resources by upstream countries (Turkey and Iran) that affected the quality of water in the Basra province ,but it can invest these waters in the development of wealth fish , knowing that species produced in these waters with wanted species by the Iraqi people,and resources represent surface as the Tigris and the Euphrates and the Shatt al - Arab river and the insulation river and tables branching them In addition to the marshes like : Al - Qurna Marsh, Al - Swaib Marsh and Al - Hammar Marsh In addition to marine waters That the total length of its coastline64 km. The surface in Basra province and especially (the Sahel sedimentary) is an appropriate to expand fish breeding farms and especially the Low - lying areas and river basin areas and Marshes and Marshy. The elements of the climate have a great impact on the Fishes and the Solar radiation and temperatures in the Basra province are characterized by a long growth season as well as the appropriateness of these two elements for Fish breeding , except in cases of thermal extremism, especially in the hot season. As for Marine fisheries, through the field study , it is clear that the low in the temperatures has an impact on the presence of fish and their going into the deep regions ( the benthic areas ) and become less in the coastal areas as well as the high temperatures on the fishermen, especially with high relative humidity, causing the self troubles to them with the lack of fishing methods to the coolers devices or heating devices in winter, Thereby preventing the hunter to reach out to the hunting. The Rainfall in Basra province does not have that importance in the fish seasons rather than its volatility and its importance lies on reducing the extremism of the temperatures and reducing the evaporation of water from the docks. Wind has its positive and negative impact on fishes. Winds has an effect on the presence and the plenty of the fishes in the fishery according to the direction of the wind as we mentioned earlier in this subject (the subject of the wind). It is shown that the soil of the province, especially the soil of (Sahael sedimentary) is appropriate to establish farms in this activity in the future. It becomes clear that many of the fish farms breeding that were established was considered as encroachment ( it does not have the projects' permission for fish breeding from the Ministry of Water Resources or the failure to obtain approval from the Ministry of oil) and these farms are from the productive farms and the water quality in the area is appropriate for the cultivation of the fish in the freshwater. It is shown that the fish farming in Basra province confined to the breeding in the fresh water only. And that this activity is suffering heavy losses annually due to the sudden changes in the extents salty during the months of the year. In spite of the existence of the laws that direct fishing operations, but often these Laws are breached and doing fishing in these preventing times. Which are the seasons of migration and reproduction which leads to disallow for the fish to proliferate in a proper way, in addition to that, the using of forbidden means in fishing operations, such as toxins and electrocution and explosives, leading to the extermination of all fish including (Chicks of Fish). Field study discovers that irregular nets are used by the fishermen that the catch all the fish, including small fish without leaving them to grow. as well as the failure to provide a new fishing vessels which are able to save the fish for long periods because it does not contain the refrigerated stores. The role of the current agricultural policy is weak in the development of animal production generally and the fish production in particular because of the lack of the provided assistance ,such as loans and production requirements. As well as a lack of cooperative societies which is specialized in the wealth fish in the province of Basra except one association that specializes in this area namely ( Alnaser Association in al Faw district). And the absence of the role of veterinary institutions in Basra province, and the field study is shown that these institutions do not contribute in the treatment and provide medicines for fishes, forcing the owners of the farms to get treatments from the local markets in a high prices. generally in Basra province the wealth fish faces a lot of natural problems and human life that negatively affect the development of this important activity

العلاقات العراقية - الخليجية والاثار المترتبة عليها : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Iraqi Gulf Relations And Implications The Study Of The Geo - Political

اسم المؤلف: زهراء عباس هندي الاسدي
اسم المشرف: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تكتنفها العديد من الحساسية والتشعب نتيجة لطبيعتها المزدوجة التي تجمع بين عناصر التعاون وعناصر الصراع، فقبل غزو العراق للكويت عام 1990 امتازت العلاقات بين الطرفين بالانسجام والتناغم في المصالح المشتركة، الا انها اصيبت بالجهود والانقطاع بسبب الغزو، على | Characterized the study area countries since the different eras that passed by an old "and more recently", the result of several factors geographical and geopolitical and economic, is the center of an "important" global polarization and a place "for international competition, after obtaining the (Iraq and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)) on their independence and to get rid from the hands of the British occupation, it rushed the study area countries to develop their resources and take advantage of its location and enjoy the talent that donated them to nature.Began competition and conflict over the sovereignty and the imposition of leadership in the region and have fought many wars have been targeting the region and to provide financial support and military by the regional powers and international, so it is imposing an economic blockade for 13 years is over, "and then the occupation of Iraq, and the consequent number of variables and physical challenges and political fronts, economic, and security.After the occupation of Iraq by the coalition forces on the ninth of April 2003, the Iraqi GCC relations have witnessed a shift "clear", as it was followed by a fall by the existing political system on the goals and new principles, represented based on good neighborliness and non - interference in the internal affairs policies, and work to build effective and active foreign relations contribute to the realization and promotion of security and stability, and the emphasis on the promotion of economic development, and to stay away from the roads that lead to political blocs. This is stipulated in the Iraqi constitution of 2005 in its article on the eighth of Iraq's foreign relations, believing "in getting rid of the deadlock and sleep unjustified in Iraq's relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council and other countries on the Arab level and the regional and international levels.Iraq - Gulf relations went through several transformations, starting with "the fallout from international conflict and reflected a shadow on the countries of the study area, which represented the United States alone global pole appeared presence during the fall of the socialist camp and the end of the Cold War.So it ruled on the Iraqi - Gulf relations several political and geopolitical variables grown and fed the important factors and differences in the forefront of the ideological and political goals, and this is to be taken up by the researcher.

التحليل الكمي لكفاءة الطـرق بين المراكـز الحضريـة في محافظـة البصـرة == Quantitative Analysis Of Roads Efficiency Between Urban Centers In Basrah Province

اسم المؤلف: حيــدر عبد الرحمن جــري الحــويــدر
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعـد شبكة الطرق البرية احد عناصر نظام النقل المهمة , التي لا تتم عملية النقل بدونها , وتمثل شبكة الطرق البرية على اختلاف اصنافها احدى اهم البنى اللازمة لتصعيد وتائر التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي اقليم.تهدف الدراسة الى توضيح دور العوامل الطبيعية وا | Land road network is considered one of the most important elements of transportation , It represents one of the elements that contributes to acceleration and social and economic value of any region. The study aims to investigate the natural factors and human factors that affect the extension of this network in Basrah province in addition to the real situation of transportation in it. The movement of vehicles was observed in the different location. some statistical criteria were used to evaluate its efficiency like Arc Gis 9.3, Excel and SPSS , in map simulation and statistical analysis.The study consist of three chapters. Chapter one deals with the factors and variables and affect the extension of the transportation network. Chapter two deals with real situation of transportation in Basrah province.When was chapter three evaluates the efficiency of the network by using some statistical tests. The study shows the nature of the human and natural elements effect on the extension and operation of the network. there is an increase movement of vehicles on the roads between urban centers which doesn’t match the capacity of these roads, especially during the peak hours and holidays. The study also showed the Inefficient road network linking the urban centers according to the indicators used in the study

الملاءمة المكانية لمرائب النقل في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية النقل الحضري == The Place Suitability Of Transportation Parks In Basra City (A Study In Urban Transport)

اسم المؤلف: وحيـدة داود محمــود الدايني
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتجلى اهمية الملاءمة المكانية في كونها تقدم الدعم اللازم في اختيار المواقع المكانية الملائمة للاستعمالات بشكل عام والحضرية منها على وجه الخصوص، اذ تعد مدينة البصرة ذات بعد تجاري واقتصادي مهم، كونها تضم اعلى تركز لمؤسسات العمل المختلفة صناعية، تجارية، خدم | The place suitability is so important for selecting the suitable places for all uses and for urban uses in particular. This suitability ensures a maximum degree of functional interaction and controls their overall constructional form. Therefore, the study aims at redistributing parks in the city that ensures the required capacity of smooth movement of cars and facilitate the transportation of people with ease and less effort. Basra city, which has economic and commercial importance, and which includes different commercial, industrial and service establishments of public and private sectors creates a high percentage of daily movement of cars, and witnesses a density of population during the traffic jam times in the mornings and the evenings and during festivals. So, there is a need to plan and design the parks in order to achieve their aims successfully. The study consists of three chapters in addition to results and suggestions. The first chapter is about the distribution of Basra parks and the problem of sites. The second chapter discusses the variables that identify the distribution of parks in Basra city, while the third chapter tackles the functional competence of the parks of the city. The study attains a few conclusions; the most significant one is that there are 10 parks in Basra, four of them are off duty for one reason or another, while six of them are working, half of them in the center of the city in Al - Ashar because of its economical, administrational and service significance. The other three parks are in (Al - Kafa’at, Al - Hadi and Alsumud) quarters. The study has also shown that the daily traffic jams that result from the small width of streets and small size of parks and the unavailability of good service in these parks are the main problems that obstruct transportation in the city and its region. By applying the place suitability logarithm, the study has come to show that the present parks of the city are not suitable to most of the people of the city, and the study referred to the necessity of using the methods of Geographic Information Systems GIS in applying this logarithm in order to identify the suitability of the present parks and select the most suitable places for future parks, and this is the aim of the study

اثر النمو الحضري على التخطيط العمراني في مدينة سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == The Impact Of Urban Growth On The Constructional Planning In The City Of 'Suq Al - Shyoukh' A Study In The Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: حاكم ناصر حسين الشميساوي
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: City of Suq al - Shuyukh is the center of Suq al - Shuyukh district ,an administrative unit ,within Dhi Qar Governorate , lies in the southern part of the province with distance of (621.2) hectares and its population amounts of (130,517) inhabitants for 2015 which represents reality of the city consists of (24) residential quarters.The study aims to highlight on the analysis of the phenomenon of urban growth, its trends and problems in the city of Suq al - Shuyukh as well as study the demographics of the city in terms of growth and distribution and composition and population density and urban growth prediction (spatial and population) for the next 10 years until 2025 ,and examine the reality of urban land use to identify the most important problems that stand against this study to put appropriate solutions in order to project future trends.The study includes four chapters divided into topics, within study Chapter I , represents with some demographics indicate that the city of Suq al - Shuyukh has seen significant population growth had reached (1977 - 1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2015 ).This substantial growth of the population is a reason for increasing the demand for urban land uses ,that moved the expansion of the area of the city along the morphological stagesChapter II ,the first topic through the study of historical stages of city of Suq al - Shuyukh foundation show that the city has gone through four morphological stages ,and in each of these stages formed certain function for the city dominates on the invested spatial space of it gave shape to the city during this phase.Chapter II , second topic, dealt with the spatial distribution reality of urban land uses in the city and shows that the city contains multiple functional uses, represent by residential use which occupied an area of followed by public services ,then transport services area , industrialuse , commercial use , community service , sports use , green and open land use of and religious use was an area ofChapter III , dealing with the study of problems of urban growth in the city of Suq al - Shuyukh , the first topic of the chapter included the study of override problems on basic design of the city ,where rapid urban growth caused multiple problems and significant was the problem of urban housingSo the residential need analysis for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh and its assessment across the increasing population growth, which amounted 3%, which is one of the important topics in housing policies target to solve the housing problem.The second topic is devoted to the study of problems of interference in land use represented by planning and environmentalChapter IV ,dealt with current and future urban growth trends in the city and the first topic is devoted to the future prediction for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh population until 2025 as a total population amounted of (169672) inhabitants as the population growth rate is 3%.While the second topic dealt with urbanization trends for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh to search for future need of urban land use.The study showed that the city of Suq al - Shuyukh needs space of land estimated with(176.2) hectares and this area is out its basic design border as well as identify trends of future urbanization of the city.The study showed that the best directions for future city expansion to the northwest ,south and South - western direction in the absence of artificial and natural features.And then the most important outcomes came of the researcher and design to achieve the objectives of study in the future.

التحليل المكاني لتغير استعمالات الارض السلنية في مدينة البصرة باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد RS ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == Spatial Analysis Of The Change In Residential Land Use In The City Of Basrah By Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems

اسم المؤلف: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني | طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This present study is based on remote sensing RS and geographic information systems GIS as a basis applied to draw Cadastral changes to the residential land use in order to detect the temporal and spatial variations that contributed to the change in the residential land use in the city of Basrah for (1977 - 2016) nearly four decades , they have resulted in changes in the category of use which refers to the Cadastral Acquisitions For residential use on the Cadastral of the rest of the other urban uses (commercial, industrial, service).This is called positive change, while if the urban uses cut off which is referred as a part of the area of the residential using which annexed , this change is called in the category of use negative , as well as the study of the spatial variation to change the pattern of the residential land use which specialized in building a second floor and a tenement was added to the residential units and these differences included all the city's neighborhoods according to the field study which was based on the distribution of the questionnaire Form.The study goes from a basic premise which says that the whole fundamental changes that hit the residential land use in the sort or the residential use pattern was a result of increasing population growth , Immigration and the Cases of displaced as well as the absence of law and the rise of the economic level of the residents from this point of study, it aims to conduct a remote sensing RS and geographic information systems GIS ,depending on several satellite visuals which are different in dates for the production of high - definition maps representing the total Cadastral changes for residential use in the city of Basrah during the four decades of her life.In order to achieve the goal the study were divided into an introduction and four chapters, as the first chapter dealt with digital processing and interpretation of visual and space analysis of the factors influencing the change of residential land use in the city of Basra, while the second chapter touched on the spatial distribution of land use in the city and changes cadastral study, according to availability the visuals of the satellite to four points, which included maps of selected years (1977.1989, 2002.2016) as well as a field study of the researcher. The third chapter pointed to changes in the category of residential uses and patterns in the city, according to (5) vertebrae represented (the stages of growth of the city of Basra and that historically tracked and spatial analysis of the development of residential land use, analysis of residential patterns in the city, changes in the use of residential land in terms of style or class whether in the negative, the study of the most important implications of changes in a class or style residential use. go on fourth chapter in the study of the planning practices of the city's future and the changes of uses of residential land for the period 1942 - 2014 which was addressedto all the basic designs that addressed the city of Basra seemed pre - prepare her basic designs and finishes basic design (development of the city of Basra strategy and updating its basic design) in 2014, So the study reached to a number of important conclusions like : 1. The increasing population growth in the city and the contrast differences in economic levels of the families and the security situation and the availability of labor is a way compressor to changes in the residential uses, either positively or negatively.2. The ( populated, political, social, economic, and transport variables play a pivotal role in the Cadastral variables for residential use.3. The absence of activation of Laws and the deterioration of Oversight reality, especially after the regime change in 2003 was an important catalyst in the encroachment on farmland and empty spaces within the city which belongs to government agencies so the secretion status of random housing is done ,so we find that the freedom of the disposition of the residential units (irregular or random) and in the absence of law this reflected on the residential changes whether this change in the sort or in the pattern positively or negatively.4.The country policy which represents Stakeholders for four decade has its deep impact in finding changes cadastral For the residential use which is marked by the distribution of residential blocks on different segments according circumstances experienced by the country including the study area.

المناخ وعلاقته بالافات التي تصيب المحاصيل الزراعية في محافظة البصرة == Climate And Its Relationship With The Agricultural Pests That Infect Agricultural Crops In Basrah Province

اسم المؤلف: اية عبد الرضا حامد المازني
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الافات الزراعية من المشاكل الخطيرة التي تواجه الانتاج الزراعي وللمناخ دور كبير في ظهورها وانتشارها خاصة عندما يشذ عن معدلاته او تفوق او تقل عن متطلبات المحصول. تهدف الدراسة الى تسليط الضوء على العلاقة بين الخصائص المناخية لمحافظة البصرة والافات الزرا | Agricultural pests are regarded serious problems that face agricultural production. Climate has a great role in their appearance especially when its rates go up or down the needs of the crop. The present study aims at shedding light on the relationship between climatic characteristics of Basrah province and the agricultural pests that infect the crops of (palms, wheat, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, melon, okra and onion). These agricultural crops have a great economic and trophic importance. Therefore, production rates should be raised and its quality should be improved by observing agricultural pests whether they are diseases or insects that affect the quantity and quality of production. Especially if we know that new insects have entered Iraq like Tuta Absoluta and the Red Palm Weevil which started to affect many agricultural crops. Add t this the endemic diseases like Leaf Blights, Fusarium Wilt, and Powdery Mildew which greatly affect the production despite of the suitability of the climatic conditions and other natural conditions. The collection of the data of the study was done through field work. Four sites were chosen (Karmat Ali, Abo - Alkhaseeb, Aldair, and Az - Zubair) to observe the agricultural pests that infect the crops involved in the study starting from the beginning of the agricultural season 2015 - 2016 and to determine the rate of prevalence for each crop according to the location of prevalence. The study is composed of three chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusions. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the climatic characteristics of Basrah province, especially those factors that are related to the agricultural process like solar beams, temperature, relative humidity, winds and dust. Chapter two involved the climatic requirements of the crops under study. Chapter three is concerned with the field observance of the diseases that infected the crops and also the insects and natural plants (grass). The study concluded that the majority of the known diseases appear in different rates on the crops. There appeared also some affections caused by insects especially Tuta Absoluta and Red Palm Weevil. The study also concluded that the prevalence of the diseases and insects didn’t reach to the extent that classify them to be epidemic, their prevalence percentages were somehow reasonable within the season 2015 - 2016.

تلوث الترب في قضاء الرميثة وتاثيرها على الانتاج الزراعي : دراسة في جغرافية التربة == The Pollution Of Soils In Rumaitha City And Its Effect On The Agricultural Production : A Study In Soil Geography

اسم المؤلف: افراح هاشم فرحان كاطع المرشدي
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد الله رحيم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims at assessing the pollution type in the soil of the banks and Basins in Rumaitha city and its effect on the agricultural production. It is divided into three chapters : chapter One is devoted to investigate the natural Factors which are represented by (the location of the sample area, its geological and surface structure, climate properties, water resources, and natural plants) and humanistic Factors which are represented by (tilling and adjustment, irrigation, drainage and fertilization of the soil and the agricultural system). Chapter Two is concerned with the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the sample area while chapter Three investigated the Geographical distribution of soil pollution in the city of Rumaitha in which it discusses the definitions of pollution, its causes and effects on the agricultural areas. Some samples of soil and water were gathered during the period of the study (2015 - 2016). The study has concluded the following : Chapter OneThe results of the analysis of the banks and basins soils structures has shown contrastive mixtures of mud, mud - silt, and mud - silt - mud. Also the Virtual and real density of the soil is variant in the banks and basins. Moreover, the value of the organic material and soil reaction, and the average of the positive and negative ions, are variant too. Chapter Two The study shows that the geographical and humanistic factors have huge effects on some of the physical and chemical properties of the soil of Al - Rumaitha city and its relation to the agricultural production. Throughout the geological structure, surface equability, climate properties, paucity and scatter of natural plants, the quality of irrigation water, and water and salinity grade, several aspects of soil construction were identified which are reflected on the real structure and density of the soil. Moreover, it contains organic materials, salinity, and Positive and negative ions which are intensive in the soil of the basins rather than the banks of the river. The human has a big negative influence on these properties because of his wrong agricultural methods which are represented by tilling the soil, excessive irrigation especially in the unsuitable periods of irrigation, following the traditional methods in irrigation, the Scarcity of broaches, the wrong use of Chemical and organic fertilizers pesticides. All of these factors helped in the process of soil pollution and the intensity of salinity and heavy materials.Chapter ThreeThis chapter is concerned with salinity and osmotic pressure and mutual sodium and positive ions such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium, and negative ions like chlorine, sulfates, and bicarbonates as well as their importance to the plants. The role of the heavy factors to the developing plants appears during the germination, branching, flowering, and maturity stages and on the agricultural production as a whole. Although there are some factors of pollution, the soils of Al - Majid and AL - Najmi townships were the best in producing the various agricultural crops. While there is a decrease in production of Al - Hilal township especially on the banks of the river because they receive a lot of water pollution. It was also concluded that the soils of the banks are higher and better in their productive capability than the drains which are highly effected by the salinity and the intensity of heavy materials in addition to the bad management of the soil. The results of the analysis have shown that the city is copious with the various types of agricultural corps like grain, and vegetables. Sesame plant is the prominent in planting and production because of the suitable soil, and its capability to endure salinity which is scattered in farmlands.

تاثير العوامل الجغرافية في انتشار مرضي حساسية الجهاز التنفسي والربو في محافظة ذي قار == The Effect Of The Geographicl Factors In Spreading The Allergy Of The Respiratory System And Asthma In Thiqar Governorate

اسم المؤلف: عباس زغير محيسن المرياني
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The relationship between human and his environment in general and his health in special way, not generated during just past centuries, but it had its roots when the God created human on the earth. He is struggling to be adapted for his safety in the time that the environment is simple and uncomplicated either at the present time and under the industrial progress and environmental pollution situations, the human environment became complicated and health problems increased to be the main concerns of the complexity of the impact of seminars and scientific conferences. Perhaps say Legacy (Health is a crown on the heads of healthy people, just feeling by the patient) referring to particular importance of health. Respiratory disease considered as an environmental diseases that afflict a large portion of human society at different age groups, and quality. Wherever conditions were favorable for the human injury, he falls as prey on the impact of the disease. Respiratory disease, respiratory allergies and asthma has multiple causes, compatible with and due to the multiplicity of tissues and organs that being infections involved firstly, and for multiplicity of environmental factors that cause disease secondly. Human self - predisposing of allergies and asthma led to the respiratory infections irrelevant to the different environmental factors leading to the injury. Natural factors such as climate and its components have a direct or indirect effect. However, some human activity may result environmental changes such as air pollution that caused by gases and smoke particles that induce a negative impact on the respiratory system. These factors may initiate together interfering impact, creating a harmful atmosphere to human population in the absence of concern for the environment. Finally may reflected negatively on the health and human lifestyle and thus get many diseases, including allergy and asthma.The study is subjected to reveal the most prominent environmental factors (natural and human - making) that lead to the spread of respiratory illness (respiratory allergies and asthma) in the province of Thi Qar, and then find a correlation between them to show the temporal and spatial contrast as well as the identifying the demographic characteristics of infected people in correlation with by age and quality groups. The study is based on descriptive and statistical analytic approaches, which converts digital data into information for the purpose of the comparison and stand on the most important reasons that explain the change phenomenon in the time and place designated to serve the scientific research as well as that used observations and interviews for the purpose of collecting data and verifying their accuracy, especially for human side.This thesis considered as the first study interesting with geographical respiratory disease respiratory allergies and asthma distribution in Thi Qar province. It has been used a statistical ways and means to address the data to serve the research topic and on the basis that attended chapters as follows : The first chapter discussed the theoretical and organizational framework that included a range of environmental terminology and types of diseases and respiratory diseases, allergies and asthma.Chapter two contributes in the study of the environmental factors for the emergence of diseases, allergies and respiratory in ThiQar.Chapter three specializes in the study of temporal variation of the allergy of respiratory diseases during the period of 2004 - 2009 according to the following characteristics : - Annual changes to the allergies of respiratory diseases, asthma and its relationship to variable environmental factors. - Relationship of climate characteristics with seasonal variables for under study diseases.Chapter four interested in the following items : - Detection of spatial variation of infected people in related to diseases under study and the roles of environmental factors to show that variance. - The study of demographic characteristics (age and gender composition) of people with disease under study.

شط العرب : الخصائص الهيدرولوجية والاستثمارات المائية == Shatt - Al - Arab Hydro Logical Features And Water Exploitations

اسم المؤلف: صفية شاكر معتوق المطوري
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس | منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Shatt Al - Arab forms from the confluence of : rs main tributries the Tigris and Euphrates at Qurna. It occupies the lower part of the basin. It runs south - eastward to flow into the /\rab Gulf with 196 Km length and an average width of 500 m. The river depthvaries from 7 m at Fao to J 5 m in Basrah. Its total basin area is 909200 Krn2.The physical and human factors have agreate in flunce upon the geneual properties of water in the area. The geological struction itself has an influnce upon the river discharge throughout the seepage loses which take part in increasing the salt groundwater( approximately ( 8 - 64 ) m mhos I cm ) , in addition , the gentle slopes of the ground with an average of 0. 02 m I km decreased the river flow to ( approximately 0.55 m Is ).The dry climate with high temperatures approximately 24 , 8° C, low rainfall with an average annual of 142 mm and the interse evaporation 3090.51 mm , have their role in increasing the water losses from the river to 0.21 ~ill ion cubic meter ( bcm ).Furthermore , the human conditions inside and outside the country have their influnce upon the quantity and quality of water especially the upstream riparian basin states which take large scale development particularly in storage and irrigation. Also , the. traditional irrigation methods play a negative role in wasting and polluting water. Further , the increase in demanding wate1· for the different use aspects of improvements. The study of the hydrological properties indicate that the average water discharge reaches to 646 cumecs ( m3 I s ) ( 20.3 bcm ) for the period ( 1986 - 1998 ). Its water , discharge depends on its main tributaries : Tigris , Euphrates , Al - Sewib and Al - Eiz with an arerge annual of 168 , 151 , 105 , 222 cumecs Successively. It also depends on Al - Karon discharge with an average annual of 63 cumecs at present. The river discharge various yearly , seasonally and monthly depending on the water year properties , i.e. weather in is wet , neutral , or dry. Water levels vary also yearly ,seasonally and monthly depending on discharge and the influence of ebb and tide.The present study shows that Shatt - Al - Arab faces many problems such as the influence of storage projects and the exploitations of the upstream riparian states on water quantity and quality , the effect of different sorts of pollution. The area also suffers from lack of management staff in their duties and the absence of observation and association of the concerned authorities.Exploitation from all its sides proved that the present requirements controle 34.5 % of the available water. It was also revelied that the water budget in higher than the available water with an average surplus of 13.22 hem meanwhile , the area confronts future waher deficit as a result of the development in accomplishing irrigation and storage projects of the upstream basin states and Iraq which will reach to 82 bcm.

الاستقرار الريفي في قضاء شط العرب == A Stability Rural In The Shatt Al - Arab District

اسم المؤلف: لمى غازي عوفي التميمي
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة التعرف على واقع الاستقرار الريفي في منطقة الدراسة والتي تحددت بقضاء شط العرب بحسب وحداته الادارية هي (مركز قضاء شط العرب، ناحية النشوة), اذ اشتمل القضاء على (39) مستقرة ريفية منها (18) مستقرة ريفية تقع ضمن مركز القضاء، و(21) مستقرة ريفية في ن | The aim of this research is to recognize on reality of rural stability in the ears of study, which located at Shatt - al - Arab according to its unit agnosticism, Which is (canton the Shatt al - Arab Center, Canton of Al - Nashua), Which includes (39) rural stable of which (18) are located at Canton Center, and (21) at Al - Nashua township, as Well as that the study improves that that influence 0f the historical dimension to the emergence of rural Settlements as the region Suffers to numerous administrative Changes as merging Al - Nashua township With all its settlements administratively With all Shatt - al - Arab in 1983 after that it Was belonged to Al Qurna township and thus prepare rural Settlements Served increased in the study area.......There are Several factors influenced the distribution of rural stability, including human and other natural and emerged three distributional patterns of Settlements served consisted linear pattern which forms the rate (64.1%) and the accumulated pattern by the rate (12.8%) and the dispersed patterns by the rate(23.1%) of the total numbers stable.The studies showed the variation in sizes settlements some of urban sprawl and its impact on reducing agricultural land area as a result of the process of saie of agricultural land and turn it into housing units resulting from population growth and family fission, as studies addressed the reason that led to the reluctance of farmers for agriculture and showed of farmers for agriculture. Population education, health and marketing as well as study the reality of educational, health and recreational services and the infrastructure as study followed uses of residential, agricultural, industrial and commercial land and therefore the study came out the conclusions aimed at the advelopmement of resistance spot and the advancement of the current betterment will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message

الوظيفة السكنية للمراكز الحضرية في قضاء المدينة == The Residential Function Of The Urban Centers In Al - Mdeyna District

اسم المؤلف: مريم خيرالله خلف
اسم المشرف: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الوظيفة السكنية واحدة من الوظائف المهمة في المدينة كونها ترتبط بتجمعات سكانية كثيرة وكذلك تبرز اهميتها في مجمل الفعاليات والوظائف داخل المدينة فضلا عن اشتراكها مع بقية الوظائف في السيطرة على مساحة الحيز الحضري، كما انها تعنى بواحدة من اهم المتطلبات | The residential Function is considered as one of the important functions in the city ,Because : it is relates so many communities, as Its importance clearly appears in the whole activities and functions within the city, besides its participation with the other functions in controlling the area of the urban space. Residential Function is also concerned with one of the most important and essential human requirements that’s satisfy individual and family instincts, desires and privacies. Even if the city is devoid of some functions, we cannot imagine how a city without residence. Due to the increase of civilization around the world, the importance of residence was increases; Therefore the Residential Function occupies the widest area in all the cities of the world in comparison to what other functions occupy. The importance of the residential function appears from the ratio that occupies compared to the built area and the total space of the cite , But it may increase in the Developing Countries more than the Developed Ones, Because of lot of Specialists were interested in fields and cities’ variant scopes and the problems they suffer from ,They have been interested in the studies concerned with those problems and the attempt to find the properiate solutions. The Urban Studies is considered as one of the most geographical studies that dealt with Residential , due to its relationship with the population and the importance it has on the overall Functional activities in a cities as the industrial, commercial and service - ones. The thesis aims to study the residential function of the urban centers in Al - Mdeyna District by following up the morphological stages those centers passed through, specifying the residential problem and the required methods to handle it. The study aims as well to reveal the residential structure of the urban centers in Al - Mdeyna and the contributed factors in forming the dwelling Fact whence the number of houses, their occupation degree and the constructional status of those houses, as well as to identify the reasons that make such cities unstable residentially, social and construction ally so as to state dwelling regions in it. Since there is no specialized urban studies handled the residential function in the urban centers of Al - Mdeyna district, this study adopt the obtained information from the field study represented by questionnaire, personal interviews and the visits to the related State offices.The nature of this study have required it to contain five chapters : Chapter One, deals with the morphology of the urban centers in Al - Mdeyna and give a historical background about the three centers , Chapter two handles the prototyped design that was drawn for the three cities and evaluating it. Chapter Three deals with the dwelling and city structures adopting a group of variables and criteria to highlight the dwelling districts reality and its locative contrast among the city parts; which, by the residential regions were revealed in the urban centers as studied in Chapter Four. Chapter Five concluded the study by addressing the residence problem in the city and the environmental issues the residential area suffer from, Reveal the reasons of the problem aggravation and the proposed solutions to handle that problem. Several conclusions and Recommendations concluded The Study.

تقييم كفاءة النقل البحري العراقي ودوره في التنمية الاقتصادية : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Evaluation Of Iraqi Maritime Transportation And Its Role In The Economic Development A Study In Transportation Geography

اسم المؤلف: نجم الدين عبد الله نجم الحجاج
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Maritime transportation is considered as one of the most important pillars of economy to any state in the world. It is an everlasting resource to that economy that support the treasury of the state. In addition, it is important to both international and internal trade. Ports are the contact points with other foreign states. They are transporters to different kinds of goods and products around the world. Besides, they help in mixing social and cultural relations among costal states and cities.Maritime transportation has pushed all states especially the developed ones to forward different types of investments in this sector due to the huge revenue. It is a useful resource if there is an appropriate economic, social and political climate. Some states rely about 70% on this sector as contribution to their income budgets.Maritime transportation in Iraq is not an exception, on the contrary, it contributes a great deal to the national budget. It contributes to the economic wheel of progress in the country. It is the vital vein to the different stuff of the whole trade. After 2003, there was a recognizable exposure to the world which resulted in overflow of various goods making use of the political change. About 85% of the different goods are imported through maritime transportation. it represent a lung to the country without which there would be a great deficiency.The study falls into five chapters, introduction, abstract, conclusion, and recommendations. Chapter One has two sections. Section one surveys the history of maritime transportation in Iraq. In section two we study the elements of the transportation(ship, road, port). Chapter Two deals with the natural and human resources that may affect the transportation. Chapter Three is devoted to the criteria of performance evaluation of maritime transportation in Iraq by applying these criteria on the elements of transportation. Chapter Four deals with the effect of transportation on the economic development. Chapter Five shows the present situation as well as the future expectation of maritime transportation in Iraq by forwarding future expectation from 5 to 10 years to arrive at changes and development that the transportation could witness

خارطة رؤيا المتغيرات البصرية الموزونة == Visual Map Of The Vision Variables Weighted

اسم المؤلف: امير عبد الرحمن محمود
اسم المشرف: علي عبد عباس العزاوي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الرسالة الرسوم البيانية ومفهومها واوضحت التراكيب والرسوم البيانية ذات الفائدة (المعبرة) والتراكيب البيانية عديمة الفائدة (غير المعبرة) وسبب عدم فائدتها في عدم قدرتها على كشف مجاميع المعلومات والمشاكل الموجودة ضمن الجداول البيانية وكذلك بين عدم صلاح | The letter included graphs and the concept and made it clear structures and graphs of interest (expressive) and compositions graphs useless (non - expressive) and the reason for not useful in their inability to detect groups of information and problems that exist within the charts as well as between the non - validity of the adoption of these structures in the decision - making processes to address problemsThe letter read to the concept of a map and a map of the perceived and through drawing and explanation qualitative maps. As well as between the drawing of maps that give an answer expressive and comprehensive maps, which suffer from a lack of clarification or that do not reveal all aspects of the problems they contain tables, graphs like graphs are useless. It was also in the letter columns to convert graphs to map aware depending on the data tables provided by the national report of the state of human development in Iraq for the year 2008. And to create columns and maps in the letter was used several computer programs including a program Microsoft Office Excel 2007 to create the tables and bar and also used the program Corel Draw X5 in the order of graphs and the display order of columns by the population and deepen beyond the average deficit for the purpose of showing the proportion of what you need provinces of facilities to raise the deficit in the services provided (education, health, housing, infrastructure) and the creation of graphs with standard compositions useful. The program was also used Arc GIS 9.3 in the creation and issuance of the maps of the letter and that mimic diagrams to clarify the issue of disability and the percentage of what you need from the provincial facilities.

توطن الصناعات النسيجية الرئيسة بمحافظة نينوى : تحليل جغرافي == Localization Of Textile Industry In Ninevah Governorate ( Geographical Analysis)

اسم المؤلف: احمد طلال خضر الطائي
اسم المشرف: محمد ازهر سعيد السماك
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يقصد بصناعة النسيج كل نشاط يؤدي الى تحويل الالياف والخيوط الى اي نوع من انواع النسيج المعروفة كالاقمشة والبطانيات والجواريب وغيرها.تتخللها عدة عمليات ابتداء من مرحلة تحضير الالياف ثم غزلها لتحويلها الى خيوط ثم مرحلة النسيج لكي تصبح منسوجات صالحة للاستخدا | This Reserch Aims To Study The Existing Situation of Textile Industries In The Governorate of Ninevah. This Industry Considers one of The Most Important Industries In The Governorate. Its Importance Comes From Provide The Clothes For Human.The reserch discussed the following sides : 1 - The Current Geographical Distribution for the Textile Industries in the Governorate of Ninevah.2 - The Factor Which Affected and affecting on This Distribution.3 - Distribution the probleme and Obstruction of the Textile Industries in the Governorate and presentation some solutions and suggestion to face all troubles and Obstructions then reduce it. the reserch depend on the practical study and the questionnaire from which took.about six months which depending on some data which available in the union of Industries and the directorate of the Industrial statstics department of ninevah the. study reached to the following result conclusion : 1 - the economic consideration ( raw materials and market ) playd big role in choosing the units location of this molustry to abtainless cost to transport the raw materials to the factories and transport the production to the market with less cost.2 - the study showed that the spatial concentration for the textile was in the right side from al - mosul city in ( al - sinaa al - kadima , al - eslah al - zeraee , al - agedat , al - mansur and wadee hajar ) and this concentration came in these regions for many factors such as the Governmental considrations and near from markets and the availability of workers and transeportation.

الصناعات الخشبية في مدينة كربلاء : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Wooden Industries In The City Of Kerbala

اسم المؤلف: مشتاق طالب صالح
اسم المشرف: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي | سلمى عبد الرزاق عبد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ركزت الدراسة باهدافها ومنهجها المستخدم على دراسة الصناعات الخشبية بفروعها الثلاث (صناعة الموبيليات، صناعة الابواب واطاراتها، صناعة اطارات الصور) في مدينة كربلاء مستهدفه دراسة واقع هذه الصناعة ومعرفة طبيعة انتشارها الجغرافي واهم العوامل التي اسهمت في توزيع | Study focused its objectives and the approach used to study the three branches of timber industry (industry Mobillat industry, doors and frames, photo frames industry) in the city of Karbala targeted study of the reality of this industry and knowledge of the nature of geographical spread and the most important factors that contributed to the distribution and analysis of such factors, the study was that there was a problem Variation in the geographical distribution of the timber industry in the city of Karbala and the differences and differences in the nature of the human factors. The hypothesis of the study it was noted by the study that there are many spatial and economic factors have had a clear impact in the distribution of the timber industry, in terms of production and vulnerability factors (capital, the number of workers, the market..) The approach was to rely on descriptive and quantitative analysis to verify the questions and access to the results, has been the use of statistical packages (spss) through which were used (Pearson correlation coefficients to examine the relationship between independent variables and the statement of strength and direction of the relationship between them, to test the Innova (Anova) to demonstrate the moral link, multi - regression analysis and test out the impact of independent variables in the dependent variable and testing the entry of independent variables in the equation predictive), the study found was a group of the most important conclusions : Focus timber industry in the sectors of the Old City and Al - Jazeera, which affected several variables varied in strength and influence and their relationship to each other endemic in the industry, including (capital market, labor), where the results of statistical analysis showed that the capital alone explained the image of the spatial variation Of the value of production in the old city and the number of workers in both sectors and Alhaidariya island, wood industries suffer from several problems, including : the poor storage of starting material and some types of poor and drop the ongoing power cuts have been enhanced using the study (33) a, (14) map (7) graphics, (17) picture

تطور النقل البحري لموانئ العراق (1950 - 2000) : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Development Of Sea Transport In Iraq Ports (1950 - 2000)

اسم المؤلف: علي حسين خميس حسن العنزي
اسم المشرف: حميد غالب عجيل السكيني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2004
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aims at investigation sea transport in Iraqi ports during the period of 1950 - 2000. Geography of sea transport has not been given enough attention by the researchers in spite of its high importance. Needless to say that such studies will give clear insights about the dynamics of sea cleat in sights about the dynamics f sea transport as one of the most important human and social activities. Sea transport and coordinating the roles of the other sectors such as preparing these sectors and making them more capable of benefiting and developing the societies so as to serve the national economy. To achieve the aims of this research and to provide the proper solution and to provide the proper solutions for the many problems of sea transport and ports in Iraq, the researcher divided the study into four chapters. Chapter one presents a historical review of Iraqi ports since the first civilizations in ancient Iraq. Its also mentions the struggle among the other ancient civilization to control Iraqi ports up to the modern time. The chapter two also draws a real picture of every Iraqi port today. Chapter two tackles the human and natural effects that limit the activity and the direction of the sea transport coming to the Iraqi ports. Chapter three studies the naval services in Iraqi ports by highlighting the activities and the capacities of production in the establishments like wharves, warehouses stores, cranes and other means of transport in these ports. Chapter four deals with the movement and the direction of sea transport. This includes preparing ships, cargo movement inside the ports in addition to shedding light on the roles of persons as means of transport. The chapter also analyzed the role of the Iraqi ports in Iraqi foreign trade. It also discusses the spatial relations among the Iraq ports concerning the direction of transport, the trade transaction on the wharves, predicting the future potentials of the amount transported and the geographical. Location selected for constructing new Iraqi ports. The most important conclusions of the study are : 1. The different human and natural factors affect the Iraqi ports either positively or negatively. 2. The geographical location of Iraq ports that can serve Iraqi foreign trade. 3. Iraqi ports offer good naval services. 4. Political and economic affect the activities in the country highly affect the activities in the Iraqi ports to the extent that they can completely stop them. 5. Sea transport is one of the main components of the infrastructure and it is a basic element of Iraqi national economy

الصناعات الغذائية الكبيرة فـــــي العــــراق : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية == The Big Manufactures For Food In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: فارس مهدي محمد
اسم المشرف: عبد العزيز محمد حبيب العبادي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The purpose of this study is to analyse the establishing factors of the big feeding manufacture in Iraq and study its geographical cantext with an explantion and suitable resolution to its problems.The subject is chosen because there is no previous , independent and defailed , study in our country inspile of the fat that it is of high importance to us.The study falls into four chapters. the first is about the importance and the imporvement of the big feeding manufacture. The second is about the essence and the factores of the monufacturing establishment. The third is about the big feeding manufacture’s situation and its geographical distribution throughont our country ( 22 sectors of the big feeding manufacture are involved in the study ). The fourth explainsd the problems and provides the suitable solution to them. The study helps the researcher to arrive of furdamental conclusions. The following are the most important ones : 1. The big feeding manufacture has the great importance in Iraqi for it provides the individuals with the needed and basic materials. Such as to grind the seeds , Sugar , vegetable oil , and package.2. The big feeding manufacture has the greatest importance in comparision with the middle and smal feeding manufacture. This is because it provides the great amount of money.3. The big feeding manufacture has the greafast asnd the most important place within the others. That is , the number of the big feeding manufacture’s factories has increased to reach ( 192 ) up within the year ( 2000 ). These factopries are distributed throughout the ( 15th ) governments , including ( 20540 ) workers.4. The number of the special secfor factories has became ( 178 ) within the year ( 2000 ) including (8507 ) workers. While the number of the socialist secfor factories has became ( 13 ) , incl;uding ( 9543 ) workers. Finally the , the number of the mixed secfor factories has became ( 5 ) , including ( 2492 ) workers. 5. Throughout the study’s appliction during the year ( 2001 ) , it appears that the number of both factories and workers within the two sectors of the socialits and the mixed , is just the same of that of the Ministry of Planning manifestation , whereas the number of the special sector factories has became ( 328 ) - , including ( 21308 ) workers.6. Factors of astablishing manufacture have affected the industrial places , such as row materials , the government’s , politics , the location and other factors which have the great importancve in specifying the right industrial locations.7. The biog feeding manufature is focused within ther governments of Baghdad , Deyala m Wassit , Alnajaf , Kahrbalah , Meessan. Their percertages are ( 0.26 ; 0.03 ; 0.007 ; 0.003 ; 0.01 ; 0.02 ) perspectively , whereas there is no such focus within the governments of Basrah , Ninevah , Thiquari Babylon , AlQuadisea , Altaameem. Alanbar , Almuthena and Salahaddeen. Their pecenfages are ( - 0.09 ; - 0.0006 ; - 0.02 ; - 0.08 ; - 0.05 ; - 0.01 ) perspectively.8. The study reveals that there are manufactures that have strategic importance in Iraq , such as industrial oils , industrial sugar. Besides , these industries are in need for more improivement to get work again.9. There are industries that have a special importance within each government. such industries are considered the most needed manufactures for both socity and individuals , such manufactures are to grind the seeds , making ice , ete. 10. There are monufactures that are not found except within the government of wassil ( making the mite squeeze ) , or * making alcohol , local gum and cigar ) within the government of Baghdad. 11. Inspile of the fact , the time , that is allotted to the measuring of the complex growth of the big feeding manufacture , was very little , this little time has a chieved a considerable complex growth for both factories and workers.The complex growth percentage was ( % - 17.76 during the year of ( 1995 ) and it becames ( % 4.38 ) during the year of ( 2000 ) as for as factories are concerned , whereas for workers the percentage was ( % - 2.96 ) and becomes ( % 1.82 ). The same is true for the addition values ; production values and the needed materials for production.12. Many factories are chased because there are no row materials. Such factories are those which concerned with the vegetable oils and sugar. 13. The big feeding manufactures are suffering many problem especially those that are related to the row mateerials and their scarce , beside forcign compefition ; cutting electricity ; not many cool vehicles , ete.]]]

العلاقة المكانية بين النقل والصناعات التحويلية في محافظة صلاح الدين == Place Relationship Between Transportation And Transformational Industries In Salah Al - Din

اسم المؤلف: شبيب احمد علي العزاوي
اسم المشرف: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2004
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد دراسة العلاقة المكانية بين النقل والصناعات التحويلية من الاتجاهات الاكاديمية الهامة في مجال الجغرافية الاقتصادية في ضوء الاسلوب الوصفي والكمي الدقيق المستخدم للوصول الى العلاقة بين المتغيرات ووضع الحلول والمقترحات للمشكلات التي تعترضها، يضاف الى ذلك ا | Studying place relationship between transportation and transformational industries in Salah Al - Din from the academic important direction in the field of geography through using descriptive style and quantity to reach to the relationship between changeable then putting solutions and suggestion for the problems that confront it , adding to that using field style in studying medium and big industrial institutions in the geographical area in Salah Al - Din. Finding the relationship between land ways net and distributing the industrial institutions is the scientific aim which the study search for it in addition to the relationship between changeable of the study that connected with the area and the cost of transportation and workers and capital and the productive power in the governorate , while the research supposition came because there is mutual relationship between the capacity of land transport net and the transformational industrial institutions in Salah Al - Din research stages had passed to many steps like the stage of gathering in formation and data through office resources and filed visits which contain personal interview with relation in transportation and industry , them stage of handling these information and data through representing in schedules and forms and distribution maps. The research had organized through dividing it into five chapter as aim to achieve positive acceptable handling the problem, every chapter divided in to many topics one complete the other to answer research problem and it's method which the study introduction include it. The first chapter handled natural and human geographical properties which the study area distinguish by it and it's positive and negative effects on the sector of Industry and transportation. While the second chapter handled the types of land transportation road net in the governhorate of Salah al - Din and it's development since ( 1956 - 2003) center of types of ways of transportation where the main and sub and rural paved land ways in addition to the dust ways, also railway and it's development and effect in the transportation services , and transportation oil pipes and it's length and role in the industrial development. While the third chapter handled the development of industry in Salah Al - Din for the period ( 19580 2003) and clearing the structure of the industrial institutions and it's sizes in the governorate where the institutions were divided in to three sectors and they are the sector of food industry and the sector of chemical and petrochemical industry and construction industry and they are the well known sectors in the governorate in a clear way. While the fourth chapter included place distribution in the transformational industries in Salah al - Din and according to the three industrial sectors and it was clear through the distribution that there are districts centralize in it many industries like Samaraa and Balad while there are poor industrial districts like Dujil and Shirqat. While the fifth chapter the essence of the study handled the place difference for transport costs whether in area material or industrial products or in transforming power resources with clarifying the effect of costs in distributing industrial institutions and sign it. And through the study it had been clear that land roads have big effect in building industrial institutions in Salah Al - Din because the existence of main and sub roads following it appearance of the industrial institutions and most of the industrial institutions it's establishment came after constructing land roads. It had been notice that there are a big difference in the costs of transforming the main raw materials and in marketing the production and according to the location of the raw material and consuming centers in addition to the quality of transportation means whether in cars or trains or pipes of oil transforming. Through that the answer was clear about the main problem in the research that there are mutual relationship between transportation roads and the industrial institution in the governorate and there is an economical relationship between changeable which moved in it production elements. The study had reach to many recommendations like the necessity of care in transportation road net and developing it and supplying modern trucks and developed railways with supplying modern trains, and construct new ways for land roads and increasing bricks and cement factories in the governorate, the study had based to schedules and forms and maps which came to certify the adjective of supporting to clear the vision to the reader

الخصائص السكانية لقضاء المقدادية للمدة (1977م - 1997م)

اسم المؤلف: شروق عبد الاله حسين الدليمي
اسم المشرف: حسن محمد حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد قضاء المقدادية من الاقضية التابعة لمحافظة ديالى، ويقع على يسار نهر ديالى على بعد 35كم من مركز قضاء بعقوبة، يحدها من الشمال قضاء خانقين ومن الجنوب قضاء بعقوبة ومن الشرق قضاء بلدروز ومن الغرب قضاء الخالص. يضم التشكيل الاداري للقضاء كل من ( مركز القضاء

القوى العاملة الزراعية في محافظة ديالى : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Agrarian Manpower In Dayala Province : 1977 - 1997

اسم المؤلف: وسن شهاب احمد العبيدي
اسم المشرف: حسن محمد حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2004
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى تناول موضوع القوى العاملة الزراعية في محافظة ديالى خلال المدة ( 1977 - 1997 )، والتي تندرج تحت ظل الدراسات السكانية الجغرافية البشرية، وقد انتظمت الدراسة في خمسة فصول.الفصل الاول تناول الاطار النظري للبحث حيث بحث فيه مشكلة البحث وفرضيا | The study deals with agraian manpower in the province of Dayala, for the period 1977 - 1997, in the field of Geography of Population. Five chapters contain the whole work. The first chapter presents the theoretical frame of the study, namely; the research problem, the tested hypothesis, descriptive presentation of the study area, and assessing the related studies. The second chapter gives details about the used concepts, the development of agrarian manpower, its characteristics, and structure. The distribution of agrarian manpower over the land of the province was delineated in the third chapter, compared and judged against the distribution of other kinds of manpower. Physical factors that affect the distribution of agrarian manpower in the study area were dealt with in the fourth chapter. These factors were regarded as the responsible for the distinguished patterns. The fifth chapter emphasizes on human development in the province. The development indicators were looked at in close, especially education and sanitary conditions and there impact on the development of agrarian manpower. The rule of road network dose not ignored in this chapter.The study comes to a conclusion that : - 1 - Agrarian manpower in the study area was negatively grown during the period (1977 - 1987) (1.7 - ), then divert to the positive growth during the nineties (9.31).2 - The sex ratio indicates the surplus, and the increase, of the number of males compared with the number of females in the agrarian manpower throughout the study period (68.7%, 83.2%, and 84.7%).3 - Dramatic changes in the participation of different age groups in the agrarian manpower were took place. Such changes were highlighted in ratio from.4 - Agrarian manpower mirrored the political, economic, and social milieus.

التحليل المكاني لمرائب النقل في محافظة ديالى : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Spatial Analysis Of Transportation Garages In Diyala Province

اسم المؤلف: وسام متعب محمد ياسين الباوي
اسم المشرف: خضير عباس خزعل التميمي | سامي عزيز عباس العتبي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2004
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان موضوع الدراسة حول مراب النقل في محافظة ديالى على انها تمثل محطات بدا الرحلة ونهايتها متمثلة لحركة وسائط النقل الداخلي والخارجي اي النقل داخل كل قضاء من اقضية المحافظة والنقل خارج مركز القضاء وربطها مع الاقضية والنواحي المجاورة مع مركز المحافظة وكذلك رب | The subject matter of this study is about the transportation garages in Diyala province because they represent the beginning stations of the journey and the ending point , the movement of transportation means inside or outside of the district and linking the district with other districts and provinces especially with the capital Baghdad and the neighboring provinces like Kirkuk. Since this subject is lengthy and wide, thus, this thesis is limited to the main garages in each district because it is one of the active elements in the transportation web and this study is a detailed one about the place, total area of the lines working on the garages and the problems they are facing and making suggestion for possible future remedies to avoid the current mistakes.The study depended on different and various references : field study, statistical study which is represented by applying ((Waiting Lines Theory)) to the garages and the scientific references like Master and Ph.D. thesis, Arabic and foreign books, scientific magazines beside the published and unpublished reports and since the subject of the study is new therefore the researcher made a wide and a comprehensive field study for about three months from 1/1/2002 till 30/12/2002.The study contains four chapters : the first contains the transportation concepts while the second is about the geographic factors affecting operating the car road web in the province which represented by analyzing the natural factors (geographical area, elevations and surface contains, weather, water supplies) while the human factors are (people and their distribution and growth, the use of land). While the third chapter handles analyzing the structures of the garages in the province and the location of the garage and its uses. On the other hand, the fourth chapter tackles applying the ((Waiting Lines Theory))to the garages beside the conclusions and the recommendations

انشاء قاعدة معلومات مكانية لاغراض التخطيط وتقويم خدمتي الصحة والتعليم في مدينة المقدادية

اسم المؤلف: اسراء هيثم احمد صالح العبيدي
اسم المشرف: مضر خليل العمر | صلاح عبد الحميد صالح
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

واقع ومستقبل خدمتي الماء الصافي والمجاري في مدينة بعقوبة : دراسة في جغرافية الخدمات

اسم المؤلف: سعيد فاضل احمد
اسم المشرف: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:

مشكلة الملوحة واثرها في التباين المكاني للانتاج الزراعي في قضاء بلد == The Problem of The Salinty And Its Impact on The Spatial Variation of Agricultural Production in The District of Balad

اسم المؤلف: ياسين عبد النبي حمادة محمود الدليمي
اسم المشرف: ظافر ابراهيم طه ياسين العزاوي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: صلاح الدين
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد مشكلة الملوحة من اهم المشاكل البيئية المعاصرة التي باتت تهدد الانتاج الزراعي والانسان وتحد من نشاطاته وتطورها في الوقت الحاضر والمستقبل مما يتطلب الحد من تاثيراتها للحفاظ على مفردات البيئة، ونظرا لان هذه المشكلة اصبحت لا تقف حدودها على منطقة معينة او | The problem of saltiness is the most important problems in the contemporary environment which threatens the human beings and reduce their activity and its development now and in the future so we have to reduce its effects to protect our environment. Since this problem is not found only in this place or this country and its effect begins to appear generally in our country and specially in the area of the study , We choose this subject to the causes of this problem in the are of the study now and in the future. The climate in the area of this study is dry and semidry which is accompanied with different properties of soil and water and many problems which lead to the decrease of agricultural production and agricultural lands. In addition the use of different ways in irrigation, the bad quality of the systems of drainage canals and wide areas of agricultural lands are left as a waste land and not exploited. As a result there is increase in the salty lands and the expansion in the summer agriculture. All these elements help to expand and differ the appearances of saltiness in the area of the study. We depend on the statistics and the available information's and also we use maps and space photos to reach the Remote sensing for the salty areas and its geographical contribution. We put the successful solutions to reduce the effects of this problem depending on the international and Iraqi experiences which have been applicated to cure this problem and stop its effects on the environment now and in the future

الموازنة المائية المناخية في محافظة ديالى == Climant Water Balance In Diyala Governorate

اسم المؤلف: نزار رزوقي وهيب الزيدي
اسم المشرف: فليح حسن كاظم الاموي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study focuses on giving a clear picture of the reality of climate water balance in Diyala province through the relationship between the rainfall and evapotranspiration on the other hand.This thesis came four chapters , the first chapter which include the theoretical framework and a brief review of the most important of the previous studies that are relevant to the subject of study.The second chapter included the study of impact (astronomical location , geographical location , topography , albedo , vegetation ) on the climate of the study area and the study concluded in this chapter that these controls are heavily influenced by all elements of the climate of the study area.While the third chapter included guarantees the study of the impact of climatic elements ( solar radiation , temperature , relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation , wind , dust storms ) on the climatic water balance , as the study found in this chapter that all these elements affect , directly or indirectly values that water balance.While Chapter fourth included calculated values of each of the evaporation / transpiration and water balance climate of the study area , which has been a set of equations by which to found those values , namely, ( equation Ivanov , equation Khosla , equation Thornthwait , equation Cottajn , equation Billy - Chridl , equation Najib Khrovh ) was applied equations of their area of study and two ( equation Ivanov , and the equation of Khosla ) shows the application of both equations on the study area to found the values of the evaporation / transpiration inherent to the study area suffers from a significant rise in the values of evaporation as the annual average of those values according to Ivanov equation (3077,6 , 2627) mm , respectively, for the stations (Khanaqin , Al khalias). either in the equation Khosla , reaching values (1368,2 ,1278,2) mm , respectively, for the same stations.Either in calculating the values of climatic water balance equations for both equations negative results except in the month of January has recorded station Khanaqin positive result amounted to (10,2) in the equation of Ivanov , and (11,1) in the equation o Khosla

الوظيفة التجارية لمدينة بعقوبة ومجالات تاثيرها التجاري في محافظة ديالى == The Commercial Funtion Of Baquba City And Its Commercial Influence Spheres In Diyala Province

اسم المؤلف: سعيد فاضل احمد
اسم المشرف: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This represents thesis independent study first job commercial city of Baquba.. and study followed the style " geographically " economically "to determine the extent of the central business district of central for residents of the city, and areas of influence commercial city of Baquba, in the territory of the administrative Diyala province , on the basis of administrative units , as well as studied the composition of trade of the city.The study rated " procedural " section of the business disciplines singular shops to ten commodity groups , three groups of commercial service and has the effect of spatial areas of study for each commodity group or service.The study was based on field work to obtain the data necessary , through four forms included the families of the city and county , traders and owners of commercial services organizations , and the aim was to follow two methods to obtain the data , namely : - 1 - Question families in the city and the province.2 - Q merchants in the city of Baquba.And followed the style " integral " to employ the results of questionnaires for the purpose of identifying and mapping the areas of influence of the spatial city of Baquba, in Diyala province.The study reflects the results of the quantity of these relationships , and adopted their own standards to determine the region for widespread heavy for the weak and adopted the method of isolines (ISO LINES) Alcartokrava representation in the areas of commercial impact , for groups of goods and services in the province of Diyala.The study included (40) and table (39) and MAP (27) and graphic form (12) and image (13) accessory.These study data that emerged from the study of the field and installed in their schedules and its Annexes , as well as the findings of , form the basis of important information and data for the purpose of planning for the commercial and economic activity for the city of Baquba and the administrative territory of Diyala province.

مشروع نهر العز : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Al : Ezz Project River : A Study In Geography Of Water Resources

اسم المؤلف: حسن خليل حسن المحمود
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2000
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

مركزية موقع البصرة وهامشيته في صيرورة التاريخ : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية == Centralitv Of Basrah Location And Its Maruinalitv In Historv Process A Study Of Historical Geography

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن علي عبد الرحمن الجادر
اسم المشرف: ماهر يعقوب موسى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2000
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Basrah loc.ation has moved from one site to another. The movement of this location directed the course of the historical events because viewing the geographical location from different corners reveal various results which add to its dynamics. The flexibility of location helped in clarifying the geographical location and Its activity is one of the important factors in formulating the qualities and the morphology of the region and its effect on the human life and activities. These qualities and morphology emerges as results of its relations with the other geographical locations.The value of the geographical location may completely changes either towards improving or deteriorating which, in tum , means a maximum benefit or a maximum harm by the people.To achieve its aim, the study is divided into three chapters. The chapters are as follows : Chapter One tackles the concept of historical geography and it studies the geographical qualities of the city. The chapter concentrates on the location of Basrah and some of its natural qualities. Chapter Two deals with the historical events and their relation to the place in addition to the location response. Of the topics studied in this chapter aresequencing the historical events in the place and the way location of Basrah responded to the challenges of exploiting the historical events by the place throughout its history.Chapter Three discusses the spatial relations of the city of Basrah by studying the nature of these relations throughout the history of the city in addition to studying distribution of other centers that have spatial relations with the city of Basrah.

مدينة الفاو تطويرها الوظيفي وعلاقاتها الاقليمية == Fao City Its Functional Development A : Qd Regional Relatiollships

اسم المؤلف: محمد عنون مويش عبد الله السوداني
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1998
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims to analyze the functional structure of Fao City in order to evaluate its functional efficiency as an appropriate environement for its people.Fao City is different from other cities of Iraq, as it had developed in usual! conditions up to 1980, and was suddenly occupied and destroyed during eight years ending in 1988. In 1989, a new planned city of Fao was built by great efforts of thestate, which achieved most of their goals in only 123 days. The study is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the general geographical characteristics in two parts, firstly, the physical features of site and situation which includegeological structures, to pography, climate, water resources, and soils. Secondary, popullation characteristics of the city and its and its region, inculding population growth, and sex, age, and economic structures of population.The second chapter examines the old city of Fao in two parts, the first one deals with the historical development of the city, and the second with its functional structure, which consists of the commercial, industrial, residential and service functions,as well as the regional relationships of the city. The new city of Fao is discussed in chapter three, to study the master plan, functional structures, and regional relationships of the city, and evaluating its functional efficiency.The last part of the study is devoted to the conclusion and proposals to develope the city and its region.Finally, it can be said that the present study may contribute to the urban and rural planning for Fao City and the region.

توجهات تركيا نحو اقطار الخليج العربي : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

اسم المؤلف: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل علوان العتابي
اسم المشرف: نصيف جاسم المطلبي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1997
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The geographical situation of Turkey and the Arab Gulf countries gives them a geographic - strategic importance that they attract the attention of the big forces of the world. Turkey is the ring that links Europe to Asia or the west to the East. The Arab countries have a. very vital position in the world. They extend to the r\rab Sea and the Indian Ocean. Moreover, this spot has the biggest reservior of oil and a huge abundance of capital.The study begins with a suppossition that bas the form of a question which is answered throughout the research. The question is : Do the Geof,rraphic factors have effects on the nature of Turkish appeals towards the Arab Gulf countries?The research uses the analytical and morphological methods, the historical incidents, the geogrr ~ckles the natureal components like the geographic. astronomical, continental and marine situation of Turkey and the six Arab Gulf countries (Sandia Arabia, United Arab Amarates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, m;, · ~ - T ' chapter studies also the surface of land, Geo1o,rraphica : f;[on'n.ate and water : resources of both regions. The second chapter deals wi~f;!.. •• components like the population, economy

سكان دول الساحل الغربي للخليج العربي : دراسة جغرافية ديموغرافية مقارنة == Population Of The West Coast States Of The Arabian Gulf A Geographical, Demographical Comparative Study

اسم المؤلف: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان
اسم المشرف: رياض ابراهيم السعدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1998
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تجارة العراق الخارجية غير النفطية للفترة 1975 - 1985 : دراسة في جغرافية التجارة

اسم المؤلف: كاظم عبادي حمادي الجاسم
اسم المشرف: سرى محمود المدرس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1989
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير التلوث الصناعي في التوزيع الجغرافي لامراض الحساسية والربو في محافظة البصرة

اسم المؤلف: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2001
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الخدمات التجارية في مدينة الحلة == The University Of Basrah College Of Arts Department Of Geography

اسم المؤلف: فؤاد عبد الله محمد
اسم المشرف: مضر خليل العمر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1991
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Considerable interest was, and still is, given to the city by scholars of various sciences in general, and by geographers in particular, because of the great significance it has on people's life, evidenced in the functions and services it offers.In spite of the small space the commercial services occupy from the total area of the city, these services are deemed as one of the major pillars of the city. Also, the traditional function tbat is inherent in the primary evolution of large number of cities, besides seeking to meet the needs of people for commodities and services, particularly those used in final consumption, represents an important sophisticated aspect and economic support of the city. Being so, it would be natural for Hilla city to attract the attention of the scholars of geography due to its significance and particularity in this field that made it occupy and represent the centre of Middle Furat region.This Thesis is divided into Five Chapters : The first chapter discusses the historic background through three topics. The first topic deals with the location and its significance in giving the city special importance influencing its functional structure and thenature of the relations existing between it and the other places. The second issue tackles the historic evolution of the city in which light is shed on the historic stages through which the city of Hilla has passed and the tasks it fulfilled as a city of vital location. The third aspect looked into the historic development of the commercial function in the city across time stages and roles and discussed some factors that had a major contribution in the development of the commercial function. The second chapter dealt with the commercial services in the city, which formed an introduction to the subject of the thesis. In this chapter tradesmen were classified in the city, as well as classifying the wholesale trade to local and central categories. It also iscussed the fiscal services in the city and their influence on the maintenance of the commercial activity in particular, as well as studying the complementary services of commercial nature and their influence on maintaining the economic activity movement, in general, and the commercial activity, in particular.The third chapter dealt with tte usages of the C.B.D, in the city of Hilla through various topics. These topics included the definition of the central commercial area in accordance with known standards; the study of the commercial structure of the city; the emonstration of the hierarchical succession of marketing centres therein, whereafter the role and significance of each centre is illustrated in fulfilling the needs of the people; the of the city in which light is shed on the historic stages through which the city of Hilla has passed and the tasks it fulfilled as a city of vital location. The third aspect looked into the historic development of the commercial function in the city across time stages and roles and discussed some factors that had a major contribution in the development of the commercial function. The second chapter dealt with the commercial services in the city, which formed an introduction to the subject of the thesis. In this chapter tradesmen were classified in the city, as well as classifying the wholesale trade to local and central categories. It also discussed the fiscal services in the city and their influence on the maintenance of the commercial activity in particular, as well as studying the complementary services of commercial nature and their influence on maintaining the economic activity movement, in general, and the commercial activity, in particular. The third chapter dealt with tte usages of the C.B.D, in the city of Hilla through various topics. These topics included the definition of the central commercial area in accordance with known standards; the study of the commercial structure of the city; the demonstration of the hierarchical succession of marketing centres therein, whereafter the role and significance of each centre is illustrated in fulfilling the needs of the people; the study of the commercial usage in the basic designs of the city of Hilla and the comparison of such usage with the marketing facilities in a number of foreign (European) cities in order to realize the planning situation in Iraq and thereafter to bring about such facilities or marketing centres.Chapter four dealt with the geographical distribution patterns for four commercial categories. In this chapter grocery, ready made clothes, textiles and jewellery shops were chosen. By using quantitive techniques, distribution patterns for each category were arrived at, through which the significance of each category on the city life can be demonstrated and the places of their existence in accordance therewith. The chapter also compared a number of these categories with their counterparts in foreign cities, as well as intercomparing these categories with each other, so that the significance of individual category on the life of the city and people can be determined.The last chapter was dedioated to the method of shopping in the city. Quantitive techniques were used and the city was devided into statistical areas for the purpose of identifying the potentials of the shopping behaviour; to demonstrate the role and significance of each marketing centre in attracting people from the various parts of the city; to show the influence of a great number of variables and factors on the acquirement, by the city's dwellers, of a specific trend in shopping, whether from its main marketing centre or from its secondary marketing places. This work aims at reaching to a number of targets, These being : 1. To define the central commercial district of the city and the area of the commercial core therein in the light of a number of standards used in the urbanite studies such as the value of the land and the rates of rent.2. To reveal the state of things in the city, especially of its main commercial centre, and to follow up the movement of the commercial habilitation within the central commercial area and in the other sectors of the city.J. To dectate the shopping behaviour in the study area •

واقع التركيب التعليمي في محافظة النجف الاشرف للمدة 1997 - 2013 واتجاهاته المستقبلية == The Educational Structure Reality In The Governorate Of Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf For 1997 - 2013 And Its Future Tendencies

اسم المؤلف: هيلين محمد عبد الحسين البديري
اسم المشرف: حسين جعاز ناصر الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تبحث هذه الدراسة في واحدة من اهم خصائص السكان وهي الحالة التعليمية , وتاتي اهميتها من كونها احدى المؤشرات الرئيسية لمدى وعي المجتمع ونضوجه الفكري , ومدى ادراكه لاهمية التعليم , وقد تناولت الدراسة التطور الكمي والنوعي للتربية والتعليم وتوزيعه الجغرافي ومو | This study tackles one of the main characteristics of population in Al - Najaf governorate which is the educational state. Its importance lies in being one of the main indications of the awareness of the society and its intellectual maturity and understanding the importance of education. This study tackled the qualitative and quantitative development of education and its geographic distribution. lt started from literacy and ended with the higher education and the variables affecting the educational structure. lt adopted the factor statistical analysis within spss program and the field and planning methods through auditing, observation and collecting data and analyzing them. The main resselts that the study reached are : - An increase in the number of the students within a short period as a result of an increase in the number of teachers and a lack in the number of school buildings and the financial resources. - Through the field study for 2013, it has been revealed that the percentage of the students enrolling in the study was %63 for both males and females and those who did not constitute %37, but that does not that they are literates because the percentage of literacy was %27.9. therefore, the rest %9.1refers to the rest of the population who are under five years as well as those who completed high schools and those who graduated from colleges. - It has been revealed through the field study that the percentage of the students in schools increases according to the region; in the rural area it reached %23 and in the urban areas it reached %77 of the population. - The percentage of literacy in 1997 in the study area reached %24.3 then it decreased a year after the other until it reached %27.9 according to the study results for 2013 of the population aging 15 and more for both sexes. The least percentage of the urban areas reached %20.7 and the highest literacy percentage in the rural areas was %42.3. - Four variables were determined that affect the educational structure of the population in the study area within SPSS program. Together, these variables explained %84 of the total variation that were used in the program, of these variables is fertility, female education, family income and work opportunities according to the results of the field study for 2013.The main recommendations that were listed in the study were : - The necessity for making the elementary, intermediate and also kinder garten education to be obligatory to decrease the difference between the children who enroll in the pre - school education and those who do not. - The difference in the percentage of the enrolment of males and females of the ages within the adopted educational level should be decreased. - Increasing the attention to the needs of the school buildings in the districts of the study area which will lead eventually to separate the schools with double shifts.

التركيب التعليمي في العراق : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Educational Structure In Iraq A Study In Population Geography

اسم المؤلف: لمياء احمد محسن مخلف
اسم المشرف: عباس فاضل السعدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2013
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على التركيب التعليمي العمري والنوعي والتوزيع البيئي واهم المتغيرات المؤثرة في التركيب التعليمي لسكان العراق والبحث عن عوامل تباين هذه التركيب فيما بين الوحدات الادارية للعراق والعلاقات المكانية التي تفسر هذا التباين وتوضيح هذه

الكفاءة والوظيفية لمدينة العمارة == The Functional Efficiency Of Amara City

اسم المؤلف: قاسم مهاوي خلاوي ناصح الزهيري
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aims to evaluate the functional efficiency of Amara city, to derennine the degree of efficiency of the functions performed by the city to its population according to the local and international criteria. The emphasis will be placed on the four main and vital functions, residential, commercial, social services, health, and education.The study area includes the build - up area of Amara by which is the primate city of its functional region, so Misan govemorate. The field - work is the main area to obtain data required by the study. A detailed questionaire was the most important procedure of that field - work, covering a sample of SoAI of the total population in the city, as well as interviewing many persons working in puplic and private establishments and other local people.The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the general geographical characteristics, including physical ones of city site and situation, physical development, and population growth and structures.The second chapter studies the rendential function, including its development, classification of residential units, residential density, and the characteristics of residential structure.The third chapter is devoted to study the commercial function, including its development, commercial structure and the regional role of the function.The social services are considered inn chapter four, particulary education and health, including service development, thier geographical distribution, and the distribution of the persons working in the service establishment.Chapter five includes the study of the evalution efficiency of the previously mentioned functions.The study finally temllnates with a detailed conclusion followed proposals to develop the functional efficiency of Amara city.

الصراع الصومالي الاثيوبي حول منطقة الاوجادين : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

اسم المؤلف: باسم نايف داود السعدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحميد عبد المجيد القيسي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1990
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

الخصائص الفيزياوية والكيمياوية للتربة في قضاء بعقوبة واثرها في زراعة الحمضيات وانتاجها

اسم المؤلف: سالم احمد محمد التويجري
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد عباس التميمي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2005
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد التربة من اهم مصادر الثروة الطبيعية ومعيارا حضاريا تقاس بها درجة رقي الامم وتقدمها , ولا يفوتنا ان نذكر ان الحضارات الزراعية العظيمة , اعتمدت في تطورها وتقدمها على التربة الخصبة الصالحة للزراعة ولا سيما حضارة وادي الرافدين والنيل وحضر موت في بلادنا

التحليل المكاني للاستثمار الزراعي في ناحية بحركة

اسم المؤلف: طلعت محمد طاهر عمر البوتاني
اسم المشرف: علي عبد عباس العزاوي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة الموصل
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الموصل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الى ايجاد التباين المكاني للاستثمار الزراعي لناحية بحركة باستخدام اتحليل العاملي كوسيلة احصائية اذ تعد هذه المنطقة من المناطق المهمة في الاستثمار الزراعي وتعتمد بالدرجة الاولى على الزراعة الديمية كونها منطقة مضمونة الامطار يبلغ معدل الامطار

واقع الخدمات البلدية والمجتمعية في مدينة هبهب في ضوء التوسع الحضري للمدينة == The Reality Of Municipal And Community Services In The City Of Hibhib In Light Of Urbanization Of The City

اسم المؤلف: هدى قاسم محمد
اسم المشرف: محمد يوسف حاجم الهيتي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
النص الكامل من المصدر: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/AT2015/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%89%20%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF.pdf
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: المدينة كائن حي ينمو وينضج ويتكاثر وله عوامل عديدة تغذيه وتدفعه باتجاه هذا النمو فاذا ما توسعت المدينة وكبر حجمها واذا ما تلاشت ونعدم اثرها. يقف وراء ذلك جملة من العوامل والمستلزمات التي تعمل على نهوض وتطور المدينة وهذا مراكزت عليه هذه الدراسة وهو جانب من | City living organism grows and matures and multiplies has many factors fueled and driven towards this growth. If what the city has expanded and grew in size and if they vanished and no shortage impact. Behind it a number of factors and supplies that operate on the advancement and development of the city and this is what has focused upon this study an aspect of these factors, a municipal and community - based services that have a direct contact in the lives of the urban population and raise the city level and show their beauty and civilization and stability, has been shed light on what carried out by the municipality of cleaner and paving the streets and service parks, which are breathing city, and education and health services and assess the efficiency and the most important shortcomings and deficits in the provision of these services and the most important obstacles and problems encountered as well as the development and proposals of solutions and the addition of tables and ratios to do the work and the advancement of this service as it showed the indicators used to measure the efficiency of municipal services to the low level of efficiency of this service in the city of HIBHIB represented not street network efficiency in terms of tiling, furniture and neglect and lack of follow - up and ongoing MRO with existing streets where abound Altaksvat as it has been provided (10200 m / i) of streets paved of the city, while the form of disability ( 67 919 m / i), in addition to the lack of parks and gardens service efficiency as it has been providing space (11550 m2) out of space (181 450 m 2) as described Balrdaih from a sample of view, and this confirms the poor to provide this service and the dissatisfaction of the population about it and the performance of the municipality, either community services (health and education) were characterized by flexibility and efficiency between resources and population size, the study showed the absence of a current deficit of the two services and develop plans to avoid any shortfall or defect until 2030.

المجال الحيوي الجغرافي للعراق وتطبيقاته الجيوبولتيكية

اسم المؤلف: ضمياء حسين صالح الشمري
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير عباس عبد الحيالي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة ديالى - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تتناول هذه الدراسة عرضا وتحليلا لسياسات تطبيق المجال الحيوي في واحدة من المناطق الجغرافية المهمة لكل القوى العالمية والاقليمية وهي منطقة الشرق الاوسط وقد تم اختيار دولة العراق كنموذج تطبيقي للدراسة بوصفها تشكل واحدة من اهم القوى الاقليمية الشرق اوسطية ل

التحليل المكاني لتغير استعمالات الارض السكنية الى تجارية في مدينة النعمانية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Residential To Commercial In The City Of Land Use Change Numaniyah ( A Study In The Urban Geography )

اسم المؤلف: يوسف حران فارس حريز
اسم المشرف: عبد الجليل ضاري عطا الله السعدون
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة واسط - كلية التربية - قسم الجغرافية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: واسط
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعاني المدن اليوم من مشاكل كثيرة نتيجة للنمو الحضري السريع الناجم عن تزايد عدد السكان فيها وارتفاع المستوى الاقتصادي لهم والتطور العلمي والتكنولوجي وسعي المواطنين للحصول على الخدمات التجارية وتحقيق فرص العمل والاستثمار التجاري، والذي يؤدي الى تعدد الاستعم | Today , cities Suffer from many problems as a result of rapid urban growth resulting from the growing population in them and the increase of their economiclevel and scientific and technological development and the pursuit of citizens for commercial services and achieving employment and business investment, which leads to the versatility and diversity and overlap of uses within cities, and as a result of lack of proper planning for trading use in the basic outline of the city as well as the absence of control by the Directorate of the municipality, which led to a change in class of residential use for the benefit of commercial use clearly to the lack of hierarchy for commercial services in the city, especially in the central commercial area and main streets, secondary and some neighborhoods of the city, which in turn, contributed to a significant change in the category of residential use in these places in the city. This study aims to detect temporal and spatial disparities in changing the use of land residential to commercial use in the city NUMANIYA during the study period (2003 - 2013) and to identify the most important reasons for the occurrence of the phenomenon and the statement of positive and negative effects caused by these changes and of the effects (social, economic, environmental, architectural , traffic... etc.) that affected the urban landscape of the city, as well as recognize the reality of urban land uses in the study area, specifically the commercial use of them in particular for being a place of study.The researcher has adopted in the study of geographic analytical approach that looks at the spatial relationships of the phenomenon and determine the geographic factors affecting it, as well as some of the methods used for statistical treatment of the subject from different angles and aspects

التغير المكاني للسكان في البحرين للفترة من 1971 - 1991 == The Spatial Change Of Population In Bahrain Betwee11 1971 - 1991

اسم المؤلف: هدى داود نجم السعد
اسم المشرف: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2001
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The importance of the population studies has become greater in geographical, soial and economic studies in very quickly time. Studying the geography and the cience of population has become one of the basic methods in geograpgy and socioloy sinces, it can solve the recent problems by realizing and analysing them aswell as inding the rriost suitable answers for them, which are presented by the results of the opulation studies and its possiblities of applications in developing, economic, social nd development plans in many states especially those which are under going a connuous and fast changes, just like Bahrain and the rest of the Gulf Oil states.Bahrain can be considered as an oil state which population are greatly controlled y the political, economic and social factors, since the discovery of oil has made radical change, It has transfered the economy of such state from a conventional one epending on agricultul - .e : , and fishing to amodren one depnding on oil incomes and vestments As aresult, aforign labour has brough u to manage the developing moveent as well as supporting the shortage in national labour and contributed grealtlydeveloping these states.The foreign labour has helped in achieving the developing plans, but, it has left s veral demographic, social, economic and political influences on the population of e region, and their growth, construction, distribution and their movement. By conSfdering what is said above, the aim of this research is studying the population in ahrain whether they are native or not and the role of the spatial and natural moveent of the people in showing the spatial changes in the compartive census periods 71, 1981 and 1991 then analysing and finding their causes and motives according the geography of population.This desertation consists of four chapters. The first one deals with the population ovements of the people and its effect inchanging the number of the population.oreover, this chapter is divided in to two sections, the first one deals with the patns and motives of the residential movement in atheoritical approach, while the s cond section concentrateji on the directions of the coming migration to Bahrain by studying its development and trends a~d - it~ pla~or.mqEr, - The second chapter discusses the populatipn growth ¥1d 1~ts effect on the change of the population bulk in Bahrain by studying the development of the populati6n 9~f!' : jt1~,jilld clearing the rule of the natural enlargment of every clase of the Bahrai - 7ty in the population growth of the state. 1~7.third chapter deals with the influence of the spatial change on the population 1dis - t~gutiqn in the ·state by studying the spatial change and population distribbution d~fi~rrding on the standareds of relative and density distribution and Knowing the rcoet : itre of population and density as well as the actual distribution of population. . Moreover, the fourth chapter, sums up the major factors affecting the distribu; tioni·~f population in Bahrain by discussing them into two groups in order to show tHt : nattiral and human factors in distribution, besides the problem of redistribution'of people - in the state and applying its effects. 'Finally; the researcher puts the conclusionss he has found throngh stuying this subject - the most outstanding one of them is that the coming migration plays a fundemental role in changing the population bulk and spatial diffrences through the diffrent census periods - at the encl of the desert ation.

التركيب الداخلي لمدينة سوق الشيوخ وعلاقتها الاقليمية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

اسم المؤلف: صلاح هاشم زغير الهاشم
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين جواد السريح
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1991
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study aims to analyse the internal structure of Suq Al - Shiuikh City and its regional relationships.The study is divided into eight chapters, the first I one deals with site and situation of the City, to study the physical characteristics, including geological, natu - 1 ral vegetation and soil.The second chapter is devoted to study the historical development Of land USeB in the city, While the third one deals with the population characteristics of the city and its regionl including population grouth, population distribution and age, sex, and economic structures. The next chapters study the functional structure of the city. Commercial function in considered in the fourth chapter, industrial in the fifth, residential in the sixth and services function in the seventh one. In these four chapters activity and land u.se of each function are dealt with.

التباين المكاني للانتاج الزراعي في اقليم اعالي الفرات

اسم المؤلف: كمال صالح كزكوز
اسم المشرف: سالم سعدون المبادر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1990
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Second Chapter deals with the human factors related to workers, irrigation and the adopted means of it.The plants symbolized by big dams, drainage and the projects that deal with the agrarian refonns. It also deals with the ownership system and its affect on the agricultural product It has also some comments on the agricultural policy and the biological factors, transportation and marketing.As for the Third Chapter, which is regarded as the ma.in idea in this study, we see that it is specialized on studies of the agricultural product of the year 1988 to make it clear that the variance of places have something to do with the agricultural product, headed by classificqtion of the product and the scales adopted in some of the geographical studies.In this Chapter there are also studies on farming a and orchards as for their distribution on suberbs and the geographical factors behind that. At last this Chapter studies the agricultural changes between 1980 - 1988. This study aims to focus the place variance onagricultural production in Upper Euphrates region which consists the suberbs of Ramadi, Heat, Haditha, Aana and Al - Qaem.The region is situated in the western part of Iraq in Anbar Governarate which is about 29% of the survey of the whole Governarate. The survey of this region is regarded as 9.2% compared to the survey of Iraq.This region is suffering from a big problem which is the limited fertile land for agrivulture that does not exceed 1% from the whole survey of the land in the region.The study consists of.three Chapters. In the First Chapter, the researcher deals with the Natural factors affecting the variance of plance on agrilcultural products after flashing the light on studies concerning the place and the size of the region. The survey of the directorate and the important administrative development in the region In addition to the background on the surface, the climate, the soil and water resources that affect on the agricultural production.

اتجاهات وسرع الرياح السطحية في العراق == Directions And Velocity Of Surface Wind In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2002
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Among many other climatic elements, wind is the one of the most important ones for its an active role in specifying the nature of climatic features ; which consequently made it essential to study directions and velocity of wind both for meteorologists and climatologists as they cause a lot of weather changes such as those occurring to temperature, humidity and others. They - wind - lead, for instance, to rise temperature if they come from warm sides and decrease it in case they come from cold ones.If they were humid, they would cause rainfall over areas beneath and they also, in case of being speedy, cause dust storms of both kinds : sand and earthen ones.Wind affects many economical activities. They affect on determining the sites of industrial establishments and where its waste dumps should be located; on city construction and agriculture productivity along with exploiting wind in various fields such as using it in generating energy.The purpose of this research is to study directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq as far as its differences in time and place between the southern, northern and middle zones, and the one zone stations are concerned.A 30 years climatic cycle (1961 - 1990) was chosen to the amount of 12 stations distributed in the country as follows : - Zakho , Kurkuk, Suliamaniya, and Mosel stations for northern region - Khnakeen, Ana , Alrutba and Baghdad stations for middle region. - Al - Hai , Al - Diwaniya, Al - Nassiriya and Basra stations for southern region.The research included three chapters. The first one dealt with affecting controls on directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq. These controls were divided into stable ones : (locations as for latitude, topographic relief and water flats) and dynamic : (air pressure, air masses, weather fronts and weather highs and lows). The second chapter treated of wind ,directions in Iraq as to its differences in time and place according to circled - directions sectors. It was also possible to study the weather condition of the change of prevailing directions for chosen stations in the country. As for the third chapter, it was devoted to study the velocity of surface wind in Iraq and show its differences in time and place. It also studied the standard velocity registered in station during different years as well as the daily course of the velocity of surface wind in the stations of the study during January and July.In final, the research contained conclusions being reached through studying the subject of this research.

سكان محافظة القادسية : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Al - Qadisiya Governorate Population A Study In Population Geography

اسم المؤلف: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان
اسم المشرف: عبد مخور نجم الريحاني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1991
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

جوانب من النظام الحضري في محافظة ذي قار

اسم المؤلف: ماهر يعقوب موسى
اسم المشرف: مضر خليل العمر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1989
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم دور نهر ام المعارك في تنمية الموارد المائية

اسم المؤلف: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2000
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Water is considered as a strategic resource for economic development.Thus , Um Al - Maark possesses considerable development of water resources in the lower Euphrates basin. The river takes from the right bank of the Euphrates (10) kms downstream ofNasiriya with a total length of (108) kms. There are five canals branching from the right bank of the river each with a capacity of 25 cumers. The river controls 60 - 65 % (185) cumecs (5,82) bcm of the Euphrates discharge at Nasiriya ( 199) - 1998). Its water discharge is affected by seepage losses with (0.45 - 0.55 ) m3 I m1 I day and evaporation from the channel with (0.04) bcm, due to high average temperature (24.6) °C and very high soil permeability (15 - 43) m/d.Um Al - Maark plays a vital role in water resources conservation by controlling water distorted at the Marches and Arabian Gulf and directed to the western desert to irrigate (150000) ha. Furthermore, the river maintains the Euphrates and Shatt Al - Arab water quality by limiting the Marshes polluted wat : - r with an EC value (6) mmhos I cm which increased water 11 salinity of the river's at Qurna to ( 5.1) mmhos I cm during ( 1990 - 1992 ) COIDJ - 'dred to the previous salinity 0.96 ( 1967 - 1969). The water quality of the rivers has been decreased to (2.3) and (2.6) mmhos I cm ( 1995 - 2000) at Qurna and Maqil respectively, as a result of the implementation of Um Al - Maark, Saddam and Al - Ezz rivers.UM Al - Maark will be used as flood control system. It will be able to convert (508) cumecs from the flood water to the western desert as in 1988 and up to now to be used for irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge.These will maintain environment system. The ri·.'er promotes considerable economic and environmental developments forward by utilizing the desert virgin land with (150000) ha.The present irrigated land is (6250) ha, producing (3525) tons. This will L increase to (580800) tons/year with a net value of (77190) MIDS (38.6) M$Um Al - Maark is an important system for artificial groundwater rech?.rge in the Dibdibba area which has a rapid agriculture development affecting groundwater storage due to increasing demands and low natural recharge with (0.63) and (0.31) bcrn respectively. As a result the groundwater level decrease to (0.25) m I year and salinity increases to ( 0.28) mrnhos I cm I year. Therefore,Um Al - Maark is constructed to feed groundwater with (l.35) hem. This increases the groundwate r level and decreases salinity by (0.8) m/year and (0.4 )mrnhos /cm/ year respectively.Thus the river maintains water efficiency to cope with future development. Finally , to implement the river objectives the following measuresshould be considered : l. It is necessary to construct two regulators on Um Al - Maark and the Euphrates.2. An Authority should be established to be responsible for sand dunes control , lining canals,hydrological , geological , climate , soil and natural vegetation information.3. Effective irrigation methods should be applied. 4. High agriculture intensity should be used.5. Farm management practics regarding training , machinery , irriga.ion , ,drainage , fertilizer... etc should be enhanced.6. Water should be well distributed between the river canals and lining should be adopted7. Studies regarding water and land resources should be enlarged.8. Agricultural facilities such as roads , electricity , machinery , health centers and education should be considered.9. Vegetation cover should be improved.

تقويم مشاريع الخير الاروائية في محافظة البصرة == Evalution Of Al - Khair Irrigation Projects In Basroh Provi Nee

اسم المؤلف: صلاح مهدي عريبي الزيادي
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2001
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تحليل جغرافي للامكانات الزراعية في قضاء ابي الخصيب وافاقها المستقبلية == A Geographical Analysis To The Agrarian Possibilities In Abie Al - Khaseeb Town An Their Future Horizons

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام كاطع خاجي اللامي
اسم المشرف: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2002
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: 14.haseeb t plant greens since they herp in developing the farmer's ihcome.I The umber of palm4rees was (2911999) in 1978 but it beca1m - - - f 845000) 1995 because of the Iranian aggression. The agraian post /offices co perated with the farmers for the replantation to be (924327) palm.tree/ n 2000 which represents (31%) in comparison with 1979. Th study ex~~~ the farmers' io.t.erlgi(ng, in planting diffj~t th typaj oft ees which ~e a.bsent before the flood 1969 which causes~ of most fthem,' the fanners neglect such type~ because they j~ided oth~r economi fields like petrol - industry and general services because of thetJt! hi h ffrcomefi; fr; - .>T e study expressed several problems which ~t the agrariam produc on and the agrarian developmen)e~pecially in Al - Seebah,lhese prob le 0 1. The salty soil and the neglected '&ard - er~ which ha~o systematic# irri ation and drainage cbnals and they contain thick needs and other pla ts which became the main reason to~ the negative influences up n the exploited gardens. 2. Th reduction of Shatt - Al - Arab water helps the salty water of Arab G If to l progress to reach at this area and influences the lands n gativelly. 3. T ere are se".ei;al - types of the biological factors /affect the garden c ops like the l : iushes and the other diseases.4. The expensive workmen in the field of agriculture.The study shows that there are various possibilites that have not f \'.. Y;q,, exploited yet to develop the agricultural production. There is Oi possibility to the h<;>~~ontal exp.Qnsion (84o/o) from the lands that can J;>e exploited amfthe exploitation of the salty soils in AJSeebah and v.,~,,l. lages lik~ Al - Fyadh, Al - baljania, Kut Al - Zain, AI - Mutua' and others1Moreover4 tlte production ability of the really ,e~polited areas can be lifted up through the use of scientific devices and the logical exploitation of water. Al - Seebah also should be developed and the population should be encouraged to return back : ' uv - - · 'L ~.. r)c'1\N\<v\f rfK 1After : ~ le~vi~gl ~( : : - a~e Iranian agrrission 1980J Jhe • government adopted a pseful agrarian policy included several strattgies like the director granting which aims at providing the healty house, to the farmers and the achievements of croping, purification of iITigation and the compensaition of the dead palmtrees and the development of the animals wealth.

تحليل العلاقات المكانية لخصائص السكان في محافظة ذي قار

اسم المؤلف: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: علي حسن الخفاف
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 1987
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study represents the first attempt for studying the population of Dhi Qar governorate. The study faced a nuznber of obstacles first of which was the administrative chaEges which this governorate has been witnessing.The following are the most important results we have arrived at in the study.1. Dhi Qar is one of the Iraqi governorates which has been characterised by population density during the period 1947 - 1977 where it has held either the fourth or sixth positive among Iraqi governorates.2. The poulation density of this governorate 1977 which was 45. 12.Pe ts on per kilometer was not distributed regularly to various parts of this place. This is due to the differences among the factors which affect the population distribution,whether they were natural or human factors •3. The dry climate in this governorate made the population depend in a limited manner on surface water and underground water. This distribution of the population was thus concentrated around the Euphrates and Al - Garaph rivers and also around the streams in addition to the dry edges of the marshes. 4. The rate of the population change in - this governorate was generally very limited throughout the years covered by the study. The highest rate which was 2.9%, occurred during the years 1947 - 1957. During 1965 - 1977 it decreased to become 1.9%.5. The results of this study indicated that the period 1978 - 1983 has shown a noticeable rise in the rate of natural increase. This goes in line with development of the medical or municipal services which have contributed a great deal in reducing the death rates.6. As for the structure of the popUlation, it is noticed that the geographical situation of this governorate in the sou thren part. of Iraq, away from the frontiers, has made all its population from the Arabs;only a limited number of other minorities is noticed here.7. The six rate in the governorate has increased for the behalf of the females. The number of in : nnigrants to the governorate during 1947 - 1977 should have been mainly from males who were after better chances for jobs.s. The community is Dhi Qar reflects the characteristics of youth. This would naturally affect any future positive changes such a phenomenon has been reflected in the population py : ramid where children and youth constituted 51,36% in 1977 and the rate of the disabled v1as 7 ,65% • 9. As for the distribution of the popUlation in the cities and the countryside the results of the four censuses done already showed a decrease in the number of people living in the cities during 1947 - 1977 although it has shown a noticeable rise during this period ra.Dging as follows : 15,65%, 18,65%, 27,62%, 39,71% respectively.10. The rural n<ture in this governorate has led to increase the rate of illiteracy which was 66,24% while it comes down to 53% in the other parts of the country.11. All the population of this governorate are Moslems.Since Islam encourages people to get married and bring children, the increasing number of people is expected. 12~ The results of the four censuses have shown that the circumstances of this governora.te make people leave for other parts of the country.13~ The countryside areas suffer from migration. The number of people registered in the four census shows no change or increase'.' 14. To take up its people in the future, this governora te should continue in growing its potentialities by reclaiming more lands, supporting agriculture developing new irrigation networks, and caring much for the animal resources. Winter tourism need to be backed up also.

المنطقة التجارية المركزية لمدينة الصدر : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

اسم المؤلف: اسامة حميد مجيد هاشم السلطان
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم الهاشم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2001
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

التغيرات المناخية واثرها في تغير التركيب المحصولي في العراق == Climate Change And Its Impact On Crop Structure In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: فهد احمد فرحان العامود
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

صناعة تنقية وتحلية المياه في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية == Indastry Of Purification And Desalination Of Water In Province Of Basrah And It'S Future Prospects

اسم المؤلف: رند عدنان ديوان السعيدان
اسم المشرف: فارس مهدي محمد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تبين من خلال الدراسة ان صناعة مياه الشرب احد اهم الصناعات التحويلية وذلك لكونها تخضع لكل متطلبات الصناعة التحويلية حيث تبرز فيها كافة مقومات الانتاج الصناعي من اختيار الموقع الى احتساب الكلفة وتوافر المواد الاولية والايدي العاملة والعمليات الصناعية في مصا | The study shows that water drink production is one of the most important transformational industries since it yields all the requirements of the transformational industry that all constituents of the industrial production emerge beginning from the choosing of the site , the calculation of the cost , the availability of the raw material and workmen and industrial process that take place in the independent factories up to the emergence of the extrinsic or incidental productions and so on. Therefore this study which consiss of five chapters concerns this kind of industry. Chapter One tackles the following : on the introduction to the definition of water and water cycle in nature , the sources of water and water drink qualities and characteristics , the importance of water for humans , the pollution of water drink , and the seasonal and locational discrepancy of the pollution on water drink in the Governorat of Basrah and the impact of this pollution of the public health. Chapter Two is divided into two sections : section one deas with the historical development of the technicality water drink in the Governorat of Basrah while section two deals with the historical development of water drink desalination in the Governorat Chapter Three : Discusses that factors that establish the water drink industry in the Governorat and the imporatance of each factor and its impact. Chapter Four : Demonstrates the geographical distribution of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. It includes two sections , the first one deals with the geographical distribution of water drink in a province while the second section tackles the geographical distribution of water drink in asector. Chapter Five consist of two sections : The first one surveys the problems concerning the water drink industry in the Governorat while the secand tackles the future prospective of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. The study has arrived at the following results. The production of water in the Governorat of Basrah in simple traditional ways or methods are the accumulation and precipitation , filteration , sterilization by liquid and powder and chlorine while the desalination stations produce water through reverse ozoination. Water is being refined by ozonization and ultraviolet rays. The natural colonization factors especially that of weather , earth and geological structure , the increase and economic factors especially labourers , raw material , marketing , transportation , government policy and personal or individual desire have affected on limiting , the industrial site. Thus , there is a discrepancy between the geographical distribution of water refinery projects and desalination stations in the Governorat of Basrah. So , there are (132 ) projects for refinement , (12 ) of them are in Basrah district , i.e ; (9.09 % ) , (11) projects are in Abu - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; (8.33 % ) , (3) projects in Al - Fao district , i.e ; (2.27 % ) , (4 ) projects are in Al - Zubair district , i.e ; (3.03 %) , (39 ) projects are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e ; (12.12 %) projects some of them are in Al - Medyna district , i.e ; (29.54 %) , and ( 47 ) projects are in Al - Qurna district I.e ; (35.62 % ). As regards the private ( domestic ) desalination station their their number in the Governorat is (88) some of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (20.45 %) , (8) are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; about (9.09%) , (1) station is in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (1.15 %) , (41) stations are in Al - Zubair district , I.e ; (46.59 %) , (2) statios are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e; about (2.27%) , (8) stations , same of them are in Al - Mudianya district , about (9.09%) , and (10) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e ; about (11.30). Regarding those of the government , their number in the government is (50) desalination stations , (7) of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (14%) (2) stations are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district i.e; about (4%) , (9) stations are in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (18%) , (6) stations in Al - Zubair district i.e; about (12%) , (8) stations are in Shatt Al - Arab district , i.e; about (16%) , (11) stations are in Al - Mudianyia district , i.e ; about (22%) , and (7) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e; about (14%). The number of employees in the refinement projects is ( 1263 ) and the number of those in the desalination stations is ( 406 ). The area of the projects of the water drink refinement is ( 242466) millions square meter in the Governorat of Basrah while the area of desalination stations in the Governorat is (65353) thousands square meters. The production of water refinement projects is ( 735619.625 ) cubic meter /hour. The Basrah district takes over the first rank for the production whil is ( 313433.75 ) cubic meter/ hour ,i.e; (42.65%) of the sum total production in the Governorat of Basrah. Al - Qurna district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (118780.25 ) cubic meter/hour , i.e ; about (16.14%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat while Al - Mudianya district takes over the third rank for the production whial is (96674.375 ) cubic meter , i.e ; (13.14 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Abu - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fourth rank for the production whial is ( 64875) cube meter/hour , i.e ; ( 8.83%) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah while Al - Zubair district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is (61437.5 ) cube meter / hour , i.e ; (8.35 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Shatt Al - Arab district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is ( 54768.75 ) cube meter / hour. i.e; ( 7.44%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. While Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (25650) cube meter , i.e; ( 3.49 %) of the sum total The production of the desalination stations is ( 27585) tons/day. Al - Mudianya district takes over the first rank for the production is (8900) tons / day , i.e ; ( 32.25 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Al - Zubair district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (7349) tons / day , i.e ;(26.64 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Basrah district takes over the third rank for the production whial is ( 4492 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 16.28 %)of the sum total of the production. Al - Qurna district takes over the fourth rank for the production (4440 ) tons / day , i.e ; (16.09 %) of the sum total of the production while Abi - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is ( 1684) tons / day , i.e ; (6.14 %) of the sum total of the production. Al - Fao district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is (420 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 1.52 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (300) tons/day , i.e ; ( 1.08 %) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah. It appears that there have been a number of problems some of which concern the transportation degree (network ) and others concern the quality of water , the invested money , and the employees ( labourers ) , and some others concern the nature of production , the decrease of water levels , the increase of salt.The most important of these problems is the increase of salts for in (2012 ) it reaches the highest in Tigris , i.e ; (1239) milimose /cm on August. And it reaches in the Euphrates (2426 ) milimose / cm during March while salt reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( the center ) to ( 3561 ) Milimose / cm on October ; it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( sehaan ) to (7246 ) milisome / cm during August while it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( Al - Lebani ) to ( 4253 ) mi;isome / cm during August. The problem of the decrease of the water level is an effective factor on the process of water drink production that the river water decrease inside the Governorat due to multiplicity of banks and tanks established by the neighbouring countries. This leads to the decrease of water in the Iraqi rivers in a general and in the Governorat in particular. This causes the water to be salty and impure. This decrease also affects on the level of plunger or diver for many water pulling pipes of many refinement projects and consequently the refinement and pumping processes stop at these projects. Moreover , it appears that the problems of networks are considered as a main problem in the pollution of water drink in the Governorat of Basrah being old in age and undergoes constant breakdowns whial lead water greatly to be impure and polluted. Due to these results the individuals share of water in the Governorat of Basrah reaches (275 ) litre / day. These differed among districts that in Basrah district it reaches (239) litre / day , in Abi - Al - Khaseeb it reaches (317 ) litre/ day , in Al - Fao district it reaches (662) litre / day in Al - Zubair district it reaches (130 ) litre / day , in Shatt Al - Arab reaches (341) litre / day , in Al - Qurna district it reaches ( 445 ) litre / day , and in Al - Mudianya district it reaches ( 438 ) litre / day of the collected produced water in the Governorat
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