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التطور الجيومورفولوجي لمروحة الشهابي الفيضيه == Geomorphological development of Al - Shihaby Alluvial Fan

Author name: اسحق صالح مهدي العكام
Supervisor name: نعمان دهش العقيلي | محمد جعفر السامرائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

هيدروجيومورفولوجية منطقة الوديان غرب الفرات شمالي الهضبة الغربية العراقية == Hydrogeomorphology of Vallies in Western Euphrates - Northern Iraqi Plateau

Author name: احمد عبد الستار جابر العذاري
Supervisor name: مشعل محمود فياض الجميلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

هيدروجيومورفولوجية حوض التون كوبري في محافظة كركوك == Hydrogeomorphology of Altun - Kupri Basin in Kirkuk Governorate

Author name: ابتسام احمد جاسم
Supervisor name: محمد جعفر جواد السامرائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة مقارنة لهور الحويزة باستخدام التحسس النائي ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Comparison Study for Hawiza Marsh Using Geographical Information System(GIS)

Author name: زينب ضمد حسن
Supervisor name: فخري خلف عبد الله البياتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التقييم الهيدروجيومورفولوجي لحوض وادي قرين السماد واثاره البيئية == HYDRO - GEOMORPHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF QAREEN AS - SAMAAD BASIN : ITS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

Author name: محمد حسن علي حمميد الجبوري
Supervisor name: عبد الله صبار عبود العجيلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يرمي البحث الى دراسة التقييم الهيدروجيومورفولوجي لحوض وادي (قرين السماد) الذي يقع في القسم الجنوبي الغربي متداخلا بين محافظة النجف والسماوة والقادسية ضمن المنطقة الصحراوية ، اذ يحتل الحوض مساحة بلغت (552,98كم2).تم دراسة خصائص الجغرافية الطبيعية في الحوض المتمثلة بالتكوينات الجيولوجية والتضاريس والمناخ والتربة والنبات الطبيعي ، وسير العمليات الجيومورفولوجية في المنطقة ، وخصائص الشبكة النهرية والاشكال الارضية الناتجة عنها، وتصنيف وتقيم الاراضي في منطقة الدراسة .وقد تباين تاثير هذه العوامل في جيومورفولوجية وخصائص الحوض ، اذ تنكشف في منطقة الدراسة تكوينات الزمن الثلاثي وترسبات الزمن الرباعي ، تمثلت تكوينات الزمن الثلاثي بتكوين (الدمام والغار والفرات) وهي تكوينات جيرية ، اما ترسبات الزمن الرباعي فاشتملت على ترسبات (المنخفضات المملوءة) ، وقد تاثرت هذه الترسبات بالحركات الارضية التي تركزت بصماتها بشكل فوالق وطيات اتخذ اغلبها اتجاه شمال شرق - جنوب غرب. ، كما تناول البحث دراسة الحالة المناخية واثرها في سير العمليات الجيومورفولوجية ، فضلا عن دراسة التربة والنبات الطبيعي واثرهما في تشكيل مظاهر سطح الارض .كما تم دراسة سير العمليات الجيومورفولوجية في منطقة الدراسة واثرها في تشكيل الاشكال الارضية فمنها العمليات التركيبية التي تؤثر في اتجاهات شبكة الصرف المائي ولاسيما تحكم الطبيعة الصخرية في تكوين بعض الاشكال الارضية ، ويتناول البحث دراسة العمليات المورفوتكتونية والمورفومناخية (تجوية ، وتعرية ، وترسيب) ، كما تم التعرف على خصائص الشبكة النهرية والمتمثلة بالخصائص المساحية والشكلية والخصائص التضاريسية والخصائص المورفومترية لشبكة حوض الصرف المائي ، والتعرف على اشكال الصرف النهري. وهيدرولوجيا ظهر عن طريق الموازنة المائية ان المنطقة تعاني عجزا مائيا في تسعة اشهر من السنة من شهر (اذار الى تشرين الثاني) ، اما في اشهر (كانون الاول ، كانون الثاني وشباط) فيحدث فيها فائضا مائيا اذ بلغ مجموع الفائض المائي (7,149) ، (10,786) ، (3,921) في محطة النجف و(13,811) ، (10,716) ، (7,814) في محطة السماوة. وتم استعمال معادلة (SCS - CN) لتقدير حجم الجريان الذي يعتمد على نوعية التربة للحوض ونفاذيتها ، وقد صنفت انواع الغطاءات الارضية للحوض لحساب قيم CN والتي تشير الى ان معدل قيمة CN للحوض الكلي بلغت (82,830) وهي قيمة عالية تدل على قلة نفاذية الحوض ، اذ ترتفع في مناطق الرواسب الخشنة المفككة والتربة الجرداء وتقل في غطاءات المناطق الزراعية ومناطق الاعشاب ذات الحالة الضعيفة ، بينما سجلت قيمة عمق الجريان السطحي للحوض الكلي (4,222ملم/ثا) ، هيدروجيولوجيا هناك مكمنين رئيسين للمياه الجوفية الاول في تكوين الدمام وينقسم هذا المكمن على قسمين رئيسين يفصل بينهما طبقة صماء (Impermeable bed) مكونة من المارل (Marl) ، وصخور كلسية ضعيفة النفاذية تقع على عمق يتراوح بين (20 - 30م) اذ تفصل بينهما طبقة صماء احدهما للمياه العالقة والاخر المكمن الجوفي ، اما المكمن الثاني فهو في تكوين الفرات ويعد الاول اهم مصدر للمياه الجوفية في المنطقة . وتعد عملية تصنيف الارضي خطوة اساسية لتقييم وتخطيط استعمالات الارض والمقارنة بين البدائل في اختيار الاستعمال الامثل والمستدام للارض بهدف تحقيق التنمية والتنمية المستدامة وذلك لما لها من اهمية في وضع السياسات والقوانين التي تنظم استعمال الارض وتحد من سوء استعمالهما كما تعد اداة معلوماتية مهمة في معظم اعمال التخطيط وادارة الموارد الطبيعية ، ويقصد بها ايضا تصنيف علمي لسطح الارض الى عدة وحدات ارضية التي تستند الى التشابه او الاختلاف مثل (البناء الصخري والتحليل التضاريسي والجيومورفولوجي وسمات المنحدرات والمناخ ونظام الصرف النهري وانواع نسجة التربة ونبات الطبيعي) . وتم دراسة الخصائص النوعية لعينات محددة من مياه الحوض لمعرفة مدى صلاحيتها للاستعمالات الامنة ، كما تم تحديد العمليات الجيومورفولوجية والاشكال الناتجة عنها منها العمليات المورفوتكتونية والمورفومناخية وعمليات التعرية والتجوية والاذابة والعمليات التي تعود الى فعل الكائنات الحية ، ونتيجة التفاعل بين تلك العوامل والعمليات والاشكال الارضية الناتجة عنها تم الكشف عن امكانية استغلال الموارد الطبيعية لحوض وادي قرين السماد والتي تمثلت بالموارد المعدنية والانشائية ومياه الابار والعيون ومدى صلاحية المياه للصناعة والانتاج الزراعي ، ومن ثم اختتمت الدراسة بجملة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ، ثم ثبت المراجع العربية والانكليزية ومستخلص باللغة الانكليزية. | The dissertation studies the hydro - geomorphologic assessment of (Qareen As - Samaad) basin which lays in south - east of Iraq within the desert among the governorates of Najaf, Muthanna and Qadissiyah. It is about 552.98 Km2.In the paper, features of the natural geography in the basin, which is represented by geographical formations, topographic relief, climate and natural plants, were studied.The effect of these factors on the basin's geomorphology and characteristics varied. The study area shows trilateral time formations and quadruple time sediments. Trilateral time formations were represented by the formation of (Ad - Dammam, Al - Ghar, and Euphrates), which are calcareous, whereas quadruple time sediments were those of the (Filled nether lands). The SCS Curve Number method was used to determine the approximate amount of runoff which depends on the basin's soil type and infiltration. The basin's land cover types were classified according to the curve number method which showed that the total average of the basin was (82.830), which is high. It reflects the fact that the basin's infiltration was low. The basin's total depth of surface runoff was (4.222 Mm/s).Land classification process is a main step to assess and plan the uses of land and comparison among alternatives for the choice of the perfect and perennial use in order to achieve development and sustainable development. Qualitative characteristics of specific samples from the basin's water were studied to find their validity of safe use. Geomorphologic processes and their types, such as Morphotectonic , Morphoclimatic , corrosion, weathering, dissolution, besides other processes made by animates, were studied. The study sums up with some conclusions and suggestions, followed by resources both in Arabic and English, as well as an Abstract in English

دراسة تحليلية للتراتب الحجمي للمراكز الحضرية وظاهرة المدينة المهيمنة في محافظة البصرة == An Analytical Study of the Volumetric Ordinances of Urban Centers and the Domination Phenomenon of the City

Author name: ماجدة عبد الله طاهر العيداني
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims at discovering the amount of change in the volumes of the urban centers in Basrah province where they vary in volumes. The urban centers were ordered descendingly and distributed into volumetric groups which indicated that there wasn't a hierarchical ordinance in these centers according to population. This lead to the appearance of what is called the domination of the city which is Basrah city center where high density of population is centered because all economic, service, and administrative activities are centered there. For these reasons, Basrah has become work opportunity getter at the expense of other urban centers. The results of the study have shown that average distance between the urban centers has increased. The distance between them varies where the distance between the urban centers varies depending on their areas. We noticed that the distance increases between the urban centers in the districts whenever their area increases. As for the volumetric groups, every volumetric stratum has a specific distance barrier which increases with the increase of the level of the stratum where the volume and distance are in a proportional relation.The characteristic features of the spatial distribution of the urban centers in Basrah province have been investigated and analyzed geographically by using statistical methods and means of spatial analysis and Geographic Information Systems programs. A couple of quantitive statistical methods were used to figure out how urban centers were distributed; these methods are Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve whose results have shown that there was variation and imbalanced distribution of population between the urban centers. The results of neighborhood relation analysis have shown that the spatial aspects of the urban centers distribution were distant and not systematic in all study periods. The results of the correlative coefficient have shown that there was a kind of linear relationship but there was no agreement between the hierarchical natures of the urban centers according to the volumetric base of the urban centers.BThe results have identified the main city, the medium and the middle center of the distribution of the urban centers according to the population in each urban center. The middle center lies at the center of Basrah city and the middle center just near the first. The standard distance was calculated according to the population of each center.The direction of the distribution of these centers has taken an oval shape moving towards the North West and south east of the city. A number of the markers of the urban domination were applied to the urban centers in the city. There is a strong marker denoting that the Basrah city center has an overwhelming dominance over the other urban centers. This was negatively reflected on the first dominant city, where too much crowd and pressure on the infrastructures. Accordingly, a future plan is needed to provide a solution for this problem. Such plan should distribute population and investment in a balanced way to guarantee the distribution of the economic, service and administrative activities evenly. This could be achieved by depending on some planning methods that help diagnosing the problem and help finding the principles of treating it. Among these are Zipf's theory of hierarchical structure of urban centers and the planning method of Riley's model to achieve a volumetric ordinance and employment balance between the urban centers through the redistribution of investments and consequently redistribution of manpower and population in a balanced way in the urban centers.

التحليل المكاني لصناعة الخرسانة في محافظة البصرة == Spatial Analysis Of TheConcrete Industry In BasrahGovernorate

Author name: شهد سلمان كاظم سلمان
Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Industry is one of the important economic sectors. The importance of the concrete industry is reflected in the process of changing the social, economic and cultural pattern of any society by changing the structure of the labor force and the formation of professions. It also works to reduce the economic disparity between the administrative units by improving the standard of living of the population. The spatial analysis of the concrete industry in Basra Governorate is studied through five chapters, The first chapter dealt with the concept, classification, importance and characteristics of the concrete industry in Basrah Governorate and its historical development.The second chapter dealt with the factors of the enduring of the concrete industry in the province of Basra and the statement of the impact of each factor on the establishment and development of the concrete industry in the province of Basra. The third chapter deals with the classification of the concrete industry in Basrah Governorate, where the concrete industry is classified on the basis of ownership and on the basis of size and on the basis of production capacity, which is classified as a productive capacity and actual production capacity and on the basis of the storage capacity of cement, sand and gravel, and on the basis of the area, which includes the total area and construction area and on the basis of capital. While the fourth chapter dealt with the geographical distribution of the industrial structure of the concrete industry in the province of Basra, as this industry is spread in four districts only, namely the province of Basra and the province of Abu al - Khasib and Zubayr district and the district of Al - Medayna while free Faw province and the Shatt al - Arab and Qurna district of any facility For concrete industry. It was found that there is a difference in the geographical distribution of the concrete industry by districts. Zubair district ranked first in terms of the number of concrete works by (16) establishments which constituted (55.2%) and workers of (1162) . The second place was the district of Abu al - Khasib with (9) establishments, which accounted for (10.3%) and of (194) workers. The fourth and last place in the province of Basra by one industrial facility accounted for (3.4%) and of (149) workers. There was also a difference in the distribution of the total area of the concrete industry by districts. The first place was Zubayr district with a total of 220,050 m2accounted for(65.4%) and Abu al - Khasib (78,740 m2) accounted for (23,4% ),and ranked the third district of Al - Medayna by 27490 m2, accounted for (8.2%), and ranked fourth and last district of Basra by 10,000 m2, accounted for (3%).While the fifth chapter dealt with the most important problems facing the concrete industry in the province of Basra,Including the raw material and high prices as well as labor, which suffers from poor technical skill, and the various climatic factors impact on the quality of the concrete product, and the weakness of the ability to purchase machinery and production requirements because they need huge capital, and weak government support for industrial facilities Concrete, and weak infrastructure through the delay of infrastructure projects carried out by the governmentin Basrah governorate which negatively affects the concrete industry, as well as the difficulty of transporting raw materials from and to the concrete industry , as well as the difficulty of transporting finished concrete products to places of consumption.In addition to the problem of bloom and the problem of cracks and isolation problem that affect the quality of the concrete product.The concrete industry is also suffering from the lack of utilization of the production capacity of the design fully, the amount of waste 850 m3 / h, as well as the facilities of the concrete industry from the poor storage of raw materials and concrete product, and the difficulty of access to energy sources and high prices as the total cost of electricity for concrete facilities of IQD (23,475,000 )/ month .The amount of fuel consumed for the concrete industry (665) tons / month and at a cost of (299,250,000) Iraqi dinars / month for the year 2016 , and the difficulty of obtaining the clean water needed to wash the sand and gravel and mix the components of the mixture which is the total amount of water consumed in the facilities of the concrete industry (16,365) tons / day and cost of (38,975,000) Iraqi dinars / month 2016

التخطيط للتنمية الريفية في ريف قضاء الناصرية : دراسة في جغرافية التنمية باستخدام ال GLS == Planning for Rural Development in the Countryside of Nasiriyah A study in the development of the geography of using GIS

Author name: حسام علي حسين الغزي
Supervisor name: عبد العالي حبيب حسين الركابي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The study of development, including rural development, is one of the studies that is of interest to planners and researchers in various disciplines, including geography, as a result of the deterioration and decline in the economic, service, social and urban reality. Therefore, rural development aims to promote and develop rural areas in various fields through optimal and planned investment of potentials (Natural, human, economic). This study was intended for the purpose of developing a developmental planning vision for the rural areas of Nasiriyah to promote its low status by revealing the development potentials in it and investing them in a developmental development As well as identifying and eliminating obstacles to development as much as possible, trying to improve theeconomic level of all the rural population, developing and educating rural people to be more aware and aware of reality, as well as providing community services and infrastructure that contribute to rural development, Which will develop agriculture and increase production, as well as the development of simple rural industries and interest in tourist areas in a manner that works to attract various tourists.The study relied on the analytical descriptive approach to the identification of geographical phenomena, as well as the use of some statistical equations and quantitative methods for the purpose of extracting the size of the sample and population growth and studying population densities and future prospects of the population. GIS was also used to build a spatial database of rural Nasiriyah, and the representation of these phenomena on the maps of the study area (Arc GIS 10.2), as well as the use of the GPS program for the purpose of locating villages and some geographical phenomena.The study reached several results, the most prominent of which is that the countryside of Nasiriyah has good natural development potential in terms of the flat surface and the soil of the fertile river beds of agriculture and the climatesuitable for planting most of the agricultural crops and raising the various animals and the abundance of water resources represented by rivers Euphrates and Gharaf and their branches as well as marshes. In the development of agriculture and industry in the rural judiciary and improve the economic level in general if invested in a developmental development scheme, and the study showed that the rural judiciary has great human potential, especially within the working groups and these vary in The study showed that the countryside of the judiciary has a lot of economic potential represented by agriculture branches (plant production, animal) despite the low areas and productivity of all agricultural crops as well as the small number of animals, and is located in the region The study shows some simple rural handicrafts that provide a simple income for their owners. The countryside of the judiciary also enjoys great tourist potential represented by archeological, religious and natural areas. The study showed that the development indicators and infrastructure services in rural areas The study also revealed that there are several villages that are candidates for development in order to be development centers and modern villages that contribute to the development of neighboring villages and provide services to them. The results were accompanied by a number of recommendations The study also concluded with a list of references, sources and list of annexes.

تحليل جغرافي لخارطة الحرمان من خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة الناصرية == Geographic analysis of the deprivation map of infrastructure services in City of Al Nasiriyah

Author name: حسين علي محسن الحجيمي
Supervisor name: سميع جلاب منسي السهلاني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة تحليلا جغرافيا لخارطة الحرمان من خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة الناصرية ثلاثة خدمات فقط متمثلة بكل من (خدمة الماء الصالح للشرب وخدمة المجاري والصرف الصحي والخدمة البلدية للتخلص من النفايات) وفق مؤشرات فرعية تنبثق من مؤشرات رئيسة لكل خدمة من الخدمات المذكورة . وتبعا للخصائص البشرية لمنطقة الدراسة فقد تم تناول الحرمان للاسر على مستوى قطاعات سكنية لمدينة الناصرية . ولكي يتخذ الحرمان طابعا جغرافيا فقد اقتضت الدراسة تقسيم مدينة الناصرية الى (6) ستة قطاعات سكنية ذات خصائص جغرافية متباينة من اجل الكشف عن مستوى الحرمان وتباينة بين هذه القطاعات . وقد توصلت الدراسة الى ان مستوى الخدمة المقدم من قبل الدوائر الخدمية في كل قطاع من القطاعات السكنية انعكس على تباين مستوى الحرمان، فضلا عن ان الدراسة الميدانية كانت وسيلة في معرفة حرمان الاسر من هذه الخدمات ،اذ تم توزيع استمارات استبانة وفق عدد الاسر في كل حي من الاحياء المنضوية تحت كل قطاع من القطاعات ، من خلال معرفة مستويات الحرمان في القطاعات السكنية في مدينة الناصرية توصلت الدراسة الى ان دليل الحرمان من خدمة الماء الصالح للشرب في مدينة الناصرية بلغ (50.2%) ، وبلغ دليل الحرمان من خدمة المجاري والصرف الصحي (45.7%) ، فضلا عن (40.2%) مثلت دليل الحرمان من الخدمة البلدية للتخلص من النفايات وبذلك فان دليل الحرمان من خدمات البنى التحتية بلغ (45.3%) وهي نسبة مرتفعة جدا ناتجة عن ارتفاع معدل نمو السكان الذي انعكس على الخصائص البشرية الاخر المؤثرة على خدمات البنى التحتية من خلال ارتفاع مستوى الكثافة السكانية وزيادة نسبة التركز وارتفاع معدل حجم الاسر يرافقها تلكؤ في انشاء وتطوير البنى التحتية وبذلك فان التوسع في زيادة خدمات البنى التحتية لا يواكب زيادة حجم السكان ومقدار الطلب على الخدمات مما انعكس عنه ضعف في كفاءة وكفاية الخدمات وتنامي معدلات الحرمان | This study dealt with a geographical analysis of the map of deprivation of infrastructure services in the city of Nasiriyah only three services represented by (the service of drinking water and sewage and sewage service and the municipal waste disposal service) according to sub - indicators that emerge from the main indicators of each of the services mentioned . According to the human characteristics of the study area, the deprivation of families was dealt with at the level of residential sectors of the city of Nasiriyah.In order to take the deprivation of a geographical nature, the study required the division of the city of Nasiriyah to (6) six sectors of housing with different geographical characteristics in order to indicate the level of deprivation between these sectors. The study found that the level of service provided by the service departments in each of the residential sectors was reflected in the difference in the level of deprivation. Moreover, the field study was a means of knowing that the families were deprived of these services. Questionnaires were distributed according to the number of families in each Neighborhood of the sub - districts.The study found that the evidence of deprivation of drinking water service in the city of Nasiriyah reached (50.2%), and the evidence of deprivation of sewage and sewerage service (45.7%), as well as 40.2% (45.3%) is a very high percentage due to the high rate of population growth which is reflected in the other human characteristics affecting the infrastructure services in the city of Nasiriyah The increase in the level of population density, the increase in the concentration rate, and the high rate of household size accompanied by the delay in the establishment and development of infrastructure. Thus, the expansion of the increase in infrastructure services does not keep pace with the increase in population size and the demand for services, Services and growing deprivation rates

التحليل المكاني لمناسيب المياه الجوفية ونوعيتها في القسم الجنوبي الشرقي من قضاء الزبير == SPATICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER LEVELS AND THEIR QUALITY IN THE DISTRICT OF AL - ZUBAIR USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS(GIS) AND WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI)

Author name: حنين صادق عبد العباس الركابي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي | حسين بدر غالب المنصوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد المياه الجوفية من المصادر الاساسية في الموارد المائية لانها تستخدم في العديد من مجالات الحياة المهمة كالزراعية والمنزلية والصناعية. ويتحكم في اهمية المياه الجوفية عاملان اساسيان وهما كل من المنسوب الذي يحدد امكانية الاستفادة من المياه الجوفية زيادة على نوعيتهاالتي تؤثر بدرجة كبيرة على مدى امكانية استخدام هذه المياه في الاستعمالات المختلفة. اقتصرت هذه الدراسة على الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من قضاء الزبير لتمثل منطقة الدراسة، اذ تقع فلكيا بين دائرتي عرض”27 ’35 °30 - ”33’01 ° 30شمالا وخطي طول”30 ’58 °47 - ”30’22 °47 شرقا وتقدر مساحتها بما يقرب من2687 كم2لتمثل 27% من مساحة القضاء الاجمالية، وتمتاز هذه المنطقة بتركز الابار والكثافة النسبية في استخدامات المياه الجوفية والري الزراعي. اشتملت هذه الدراسة على تحليل التباين المكاني والزمني في مناسيب المياه الجوفية في منطقة الدراسة خلال المدة 2010 - 2014، وقد انتخبت 15 بئرا لهذا الغرض. لقد اظهرت الدراسة تباينات مكانية وزمنية في المنسوب الجوفي، اذ ترتفع المناسيب في الجهات الجنوبية الغربية من منطقة الدراسة بمقدار32.05 متر في حين تنخفض في الجهات الشمالية الشرقية بمقدار2.36 مترا، ويرجع السبب في ذلك الى جملة عوامل ابرزها عامل السطح. اما التباينات الزمنية فكانت غير نمطية مع موسمي الشتاء والصيف ما يعطي مؤشرا قويا على ضعف العامل المناخي والامطار في التاثير في المنسوب الجوفي فيما تمثل دور الاستخدامات البشرية في المياه في الري الزراعي العامل الاكبر في تلك التباينات. كما اشتملت هذه الرسالةعلى دراسة نوعية المياه الجوفية اذ انتخب 30 بئرا لهذا الغرض وقد جمعت 30 عينة في موسم الشتاء (شباط) و30 عينة في موسم الصيف (اب) وذلك للكشف عن الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيمائية في المياه الجوفية اذ قيس كلا من الاس الهيدروجيني (PH) ودرجة الحرارة (درجة مئوية) والتوصيلية الكهربائية EC)) حقليا . اما الخصائص الكيميائية التي حللت مختبريا شملت كلا من المواد الذائبة الكلية(TDS) والعناصر الرئيسة التي شملت الايونات الموجبة وهي الصوديوم (Na) والكالسيوم(Ca) والمغنيسيوم(Mg) والبوتاسيوم(K) والايونات السالبة وهي الكلوريد(Cl) والكبريتات(SO4) والبيكاربونات(HCO3). اظهرت نتائج التحليلات الحقلية والمختبرية تباين الاس الهيدروجيني بين7.40 و7.1 ودرجة الحرارة بين31.5 و26.5 درجة مئوية والتوصيلية الكهربائية بين1405 و4410 ديسي سمنز/متر فيما تباين معدل تركيز المواد الذائبة الكلية بين 10005 و3205 ملغم/لتر وعلى الرغم من ارتفاع تركيز جميع الايونات الرئيسة في مياه الابار المدروسة غير ان هنالك سيادة الى ايوني الكالسيوم والكلوريد اذ يرتفع معدل تركيز الكالسيوم (Ca) الى768.1 ملغم/لتر ليمثل اعلى الايونات الموجبة في حين يرتفع معدل تركيز الكلوريد (Cl) الى2279.4 ملغم/لتر ليمثل اعلى الايونات السالبة. لقد تم مقارنة الخصائص النوعية للمياه بالمعايير العالمية والعراقية لتحديد مدى صلاحيتها للاستخدامات المختلفة واتضح عدم صلاحية المياه للعديد من الاستخداماتفقد تجاوز معدل المواد الذائبة الكلية (TDS) الحدود المسموح بها للشرب والري الزراعي والاغراض الصناعية عدا بعض الاستثناءات | Groundwater is a major source of water resources in arid area because it is used in agriculture, domestic and industrial. The importance of groundwater is controlled by two main factors : the level determining the potential for groundwater utilization, and the quality of water, which greatly affects the extent to which water can be required in different uses.This study was confined to the south - eastern part of Al - Zubayr district to represent the study area. It is located between two latitudes 30° 35’ 27” - 30° 01’ 33” and longitudes 47° 58’ 30” - 47° 22’ 30”. The total area is estimated at 2687 km2 representing 27% of the total area of the district. This area is featured by use of wells and the relative hight in the uses of groundwater and agricultural irrigation.This study included analysis of spatial and temporal variation in groundwater levels in the study area during the period 2010 - 2014, and 15 wells were selected for this purpose. The study showed spatial and temporal variations in the groundwater level, with elevations in the southwestern regions of the study area rising by 32.05 meters, while in the north - eastern regions it decreased by 2.36 meters, due to a number of factors, most notably the surface factor. Typical of the winter and summer seasons, which gives a strong indication of the weakness of the climatic factor and rain in the influence of the groundwater level, while the role of human uses in water for irrigation is the biggest factor in these disparities.This thesis included a study of groundwater quality whereas 30 wells were selected for this purpose and 30 samples were collected during the winter season, and 30 samples were collected during the summer season to detect the physical and chemical properties of the groundwater. Measures for pH, temperature and electrical conductivity have been recorded by field . As for the chemical properties that analyzed by laboratory were TDS and the main elements included the Cations such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and the negative ions such as (chlorides) (Cl), sulfate (SO4) and bicarbonate (HCO3). The results of field and laboratory analyzes showed pH variation between 7.40 and 7.1 and the temperature between 31.5 and 26.5 ° C and the electrical conductivity between 1405 and 4410 dsi / m and the average of total concentration was between 10005 and 3205 mg/L although the concentration of all main ions was high in wells water that under study but mainly with calcium (Ca) to 768.1 mg/L represents the highest Cations while the concentration of chloride (Cl) increases to 2279.4 mg/L that represents the highest Anions.The specific characteristics of the water were compared to international and Iraqi standards to determine their suitability for different uses and the water was unsuitabile for many uses. TDS exceeded the permissible limits for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes except for some uses

جيومورفولوجية منطقة الزبيدات شرق محافظة ميسان == Geomorphology Al - Zubaydat Ares East Of Maysan Province

Author name: ايات جاسم محمد شامخ الفرطوسي
Supervisor name: حسين عذاب خليف الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى دراسة الاشكال الارضية لمنطقة الزبيدات في شرق محافظة ميسان البالغ مساحتها (820) كم2 والمحصورة بين دائرتي عرض(8¯ 32° - 29¯ 32° ) شمالا وخطي طول (12¯ 47° - 32¯ 47° ) ويتسم مناخ المنطقة بالحرارة والجفاف اي ضمن نطاق المناخ الجفاف والشبه جاف والبرودة وقلة الامطار شتاء, تعود التكوينات الجيولوجية في المنطقة الى الزمنين الثالث والرابع ، اذ تمثلت تكوينات الزمن الثالث بتكويني (باي حسن والمقدادية) ومكوناتهما من الحصى المتداخل مع الرمل والاطيان، اما تكوينات الزمن الرابع فهي ترسبات تمثلت بترسبات (السهول المروحية, والشقوق الجرفية, والانسياب السطحي, والسهل الفيضي, والمائله للمنخفضات, والترسبات النهرية , والترسبات والريحية, والعائدة لفعاليات الانسان). كما تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة الخصائص الطبيعية المؤثرة على منطقة الدراسة المتمثلة بالجيولوجية او طبيعة طوبوغرافية المنطقة التي تقسم المنطقة الى منطقة التلال التي تقدر مساحتها بـ(44,58)كم2 والمنطقة السهلية التي تقدر مساحتها (26,8)كم2. وقد تم اخذ عينات للتربة وابار المياه الجوفية لغرض التحاليل الكيميائية والفيزيائية لها ودراسة النبات الطبيعي فيها, وكذلك دراسة الخصائص الموفومترية للاودية المتمثلة بوادي (الشكاك والشرهاني) ، اللذان تم التطرق لخصائصهما المساحية والشكلية وعدد المراتب النهرية للحوض الرئيس والاحواض الثانوية, فضلا عن دراسة نوعية المياه الجوفية ومعرفة مدى صلاحيتها للاستعمال اذ اثبتت نتائج التحاليل ان هناك بئرا واحدا من اصل اربعة ابار في منطقة الدراسة صالح لجميع الاستعمالات اما الابار الاخرى فكانت غير صالحة, وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الكمي في ضوء ما توفره تفسير الخرائط الطوبوغرافية ذات مقياس 1/000/50 و1/000/100 والمرئيات الفضائية الخاصة بمنطقة الدراسة.اما جيومورفولوجيا فقد اتصفت منطقة الدراسة بخمس وحدات جيومورفولوجية ، ومثلت على خريطة جيومورفولوجية وهي وحدات ذات اصل بنيوي - تعروي ، ووحدات ذات اصل تعروي ووحدات ذات اصل ارسابي ووحدات ذات اصل ريحي ووحدات من عمل الانسان. وتعد الوحدات ذات الاصل الارسابي اكثر الوحدات الجيومورفية انتشارا واهمية في منطقة الدراسة, وقد تمثلت في بطون بالوديان والتشققات الطينية. كما تعد ظاهرة التلال الاوسع انتشارا في المنطقة ايضا , فضلا عن اهمية استثمارات المنطقة في مجالات عدة منها الاستيطان البشري والزراعي والحيواني والرعوي والتعدين والسياحة فضلا عن اهمية طرق النقل في المنطقة, وابرز استثمار في المنطقة للموارد الطبيعية هو عمليات استخراج النفط والمواد الانشائية اذ توجد المقالع الرملية والحصوية | The research aims to study the shapes of the land area Zubaydat in the eastern province of Maysan and an area of 820 km2 and confined between latitudes (32.00 - 32,30) in the north and longitudes (47,12 - 47,30) is characterized by a climate zone heat and drought in summer and cold and little rain in winter, the geological formations in the region dating back to Elzimnin third and fourth as it represented the third time configurations Petkoana (Bai Hassan and Muqdadiyah) and Tkoanathma of gravel interoperability with sand and muds The fourth time configurations are depositions time four - wheel Vtmthelt Petrspat (deposits Plains helicopter, depositions cracks reef, deposition surface run - off, flood plain deposits, deposits of water to depressions, wind deposits, and deposits attributable to human activities). The study aims to find out the natural characteristics affecting the study of Paljaologih area or the nature of the topography of the area that divides the region hills area, which covers an area b (44.58) km 2 steppe and the region, estimated area of 268 km 2, as well as conducting field visit through which take samples of the soil and ground water wells for the purpose of chemical and physical her analysis and study of the natural plant, and study Almofomitrih characteristics of the valleys of the Valley (the skeptic and Acharhana) and which was to _khasaisma spatial and formal and the number of mattresses river for the main basin and secondary docks addressed, as well as the study of groundwater quality and find out their suitability for use as The findings of the analysis that there is one well of the four wells in the study area unusable for all uses The other was invalid, the study relied on scientific curriculum consisted curriculum analytical and quantitative approach in the light of what is provided interpreting topographic maps 1/000/50 scale and 1 / 000/100 and satellite visuals own study area.Giomorvia characterized in the study area five units Giomorvih were represented on the map with a scale 1/000/500 units with continued structural - Taroa, and with continued Taroa units, and units with continued Arsabi, and with continued Aeolian units, and units of the human work. Where is the origin Alorsabi units more prevalent and the importance of Algiomorvih units in the study area, represented valleys and hills and mud cracks. It is the phenomenon of the hills broader Anchara in the study area, as well as the importance of the region'sinvestments in several areas, including human and agricultural and livestock and pastoral, mining and tourism settlement as well as the importance of transportation routes in the region, and the most prominent investment in the area of natural resources is for the purposes of construction where there is sand and gravel quarries

التحليل المكاني للحوادث المرورية في محافظة المثنى للمدة 2005 - 2017 == Spatial Analysis of Traffic Accident in AL - Muthana Governorate (2005 - 2017

Author name: كرار ماجد كريم الجياشي
Supervisor name: عادل مكي عطية الحجامي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Traffic accidents are one of to the most serious problems confronting different societies in the world, They hold humanitarian, economic, social, behaveioral and psychological dimensions, that need attention at all levels of society and all institutions, The problem of Trtaffic accidents is a complex issue facing communities, As this problem wich is shared by more than one component is increasing day after day, there is no doubt that it is necessary to clarify the spatial analysis of traffic accidents in the province of Muthanna and the relationship between the geographical factors of the province and its impact on traffic accident to uncover the reasons behind it, To indicate the extent in space and time and to measure its serious it is important to identify it as a problem in which AL - Muthanna province suffers like the other governorates of Iraq; because millions of road users in the governorate take daily trips and the study showed that there is a significant increase in the numder of vehicles in excess of the capacity of the roads and the density of the roads according to the criteria (area, population and number of vahicles) vary, the length of the road, their types and importance, the amount of servicas they serve from areas as they pass, the amount of population density and the economic level of the population, which is their ability to own vehicles, and the driver with its characteristics is one of the main factors causing the accidents, as it accounted for (89%) of the total numder which is caused by other geographical factors, and the young people group is one of the most categories of drivers for traffic violations and they are more likely to fall in traffic accidents, due to lack of attention, lack of discipline, impulsiveness and recklessness, the traffic accidents have increased during the cold months in which official work begins and the students and staff access to the aducational and administrative institutions and increase during the day, especially during the paek hours of the day, It was also found that there is a difference in the incidence of traffic accidents and indicators in the province according to administrative units, as the center of the province of Samawah the largest proportion of incidents, which reached (34%), while the area recorded the lowest incidence of accidents amounted to (0.1%) of the total for the population and the number of vehicles and the amount of the share of each administrative unit of the roads, either the effects of traffic accidents and the injuries (injuries and deaths), it is one of the most worst results, as the number in the governorate (6609) injuries, of which the number of injuried (5199) injured and the number of deaths (1410) deaths

التخطيط للتنمية الريفية في قضاء سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في جغرافية التنمية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Planning of rural development of Suq - alsheukh district (A study in the geography development using geographic information systems)

Author name: ميعاد حسين كريم
Supervisor name: حسين عليوي ناصر الزيادي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Rural development has great interest in most disciplines, including geography. Many countries seek to pay attention to rural development the study aims to develop and improve rural in a way that makes progress for the people living there. Work to invest various potentials in order to improve the reality development of the population and develop the rural lifestyle, eliminate the problem of unemployment and poverty by providing employ and job opportunities and attention to education and health through the establishment of hospitals and health centers and provide medical staff and provide them with latest equipment. It is also necessary to provide transportation, potable water and electric power to remote village and develop future plans to promote the development reality and planning for integrated rural development. The study was based on an analytical description method to measure the characteristics and trends of rural development. It is possible to identify some of the characteristics of the quantitative based and statistical techniques.The study took the statistical approach in analyzing the data and information obtained from field study as well as extracting population growth rate for the study area and (spss) program in drawing the population pyramid as well as using (GIS) in the preparation, mapping and building a spatial database in the study area and the identification of the village nominated for development and the modern village.The study including on an introduction and five chapters. The first chapters includes the theoretical evidence and the natural characteristics of rural districts of Suq - Alsheukh. Chapter two deals with the demographic characteristics of rural in terms of population size, population distribution and population structure.cThe third chapter deals with the study of economic characteristics of rural district and its importance in planning forrural development . Chapter four is devoted to the study of rural development indicators as well as the study of rural village and their number. Chapter five deals with the study of village nominated for development and future prospects for rural development in rural areas.The study reached the diversity of agricultural crops in the study areas, especially plam trees and strategic crops, the rural population has good numbers of animal wealth .The study area needs a number of industries that will promote and develop them, especially industries that depend on animal products.The study area suffers from the lack of kindergartens and its need for more schools. With regard of health the region need to establish hospitals in the administrative units because they are not available, the study revealed that there are no infrastructure indicators in the study area and poor distribution. The researcher recommended the establishment of a number of development projects that will promote job opportunities ,reducing unemployment and improve the standard of living of the population ,Especially industries that need a large number of working hands .And to improve the educational level of the population and the establishment of a number of schools and distribution in accordance with the specific planning standard and to develop the reality of health services and provide them with the most advanced means .The study reached to build a number of modern villages there are various services necessary for residents of the study area.

التحليل المكاني لكفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة العمارة == Spatial Analysis of the Effectiveness of Social Services in Ammara City

Author name: ابراهيم حاجم لازم الحلفي
Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الخدمات المجتمعية ركيزة اساسية في حياة الشعوب لاسيما في اجزائها الحضرية كونها حاجة رئيسة تدخل في جميع مفاصل الحياة اليومية وهي انعكاس لحالة تطور تلك المدن كما وانها مراة تعكس قدرة البلد في الوصول الى التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية ، لذلك نجد اهتمام واسع من قبل الباحثين الجغرافيين في دراساتهم للمراكزالحضرية لغرض تحديد نوعية الحياة اعتمادا على مدى كفايتها وكفاءتها في المدينة.تناولت الدراسة الحالية واقع حال الخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة العمارة (التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية) وتوزيعها المكاني لعام 2016 مع بيان الواقع الفعلي والتتبع الزمني وفق التغيرات التي طرات عليها من خلال المراحل التاريخية التي مرت بها المدينة وتحديد كفاءتها اعتمادا على عدد من المعايير الاحصائية المحلية المعتمدة من قبلوزارة التخطيط ومعياري المسافة وسهولة الوصول ودرجة رضا السكان عن الخدمات من خلال استمارة الاستبانة الموزعة على جميع احياء المدينة ، فضلا عن ذلك اعتمدت الدراسة على مجموعة من اسس التحليل المكاني ضمن بيئة نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (Arc GIS 10.2 ) لاسيما( الجار الاقرب ، معيار المسافة ، الارتكازية الخدمية والسكانية ) لتحديد درجة تناغم الخدمات من حيث تباعدها او تكتلها ضمن حيز مساحي واحد. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي في تتبع المراحل التاريخية لتطور الخدمات المجتمعية في المدينة وكذلك استخدم المنهج الوصفي والكمي والتحليلي لاظهار البيانات وتحليلها. تضمنت الدراسة اربعة فصول، اذ تناول الفصل الاول دراسة التطور التاريخي للخدمات المجتمعية في مدينة العمارة وخصائصها السكانية ، في حين تناول الفصل الثاني دراسة التوزيع المكاني للخدمات المجتمعية ، وجاء الفصل الثالث ليسلط الضوء على تقييم كفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية ، اما الفصل الرابع تضمن تحديد احتياجات المدينة الحالية من الخدمات التعليمية والصحية والترفيهيةوكذلك تقديرالحاجة المستقبلية من تلك الخدمات للاعوام القادمةولغاية عام2030.اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة : 1 - كشفت الدراسة عن وجود قصور وخلل واضحين في التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية( رياض الاطفال والمدارس بكافة مراحلها الابتدائية والمتوسطة والثانوية) في المدينة وهذا مؤشر واضح على سوء التخطيط المكاني لمؤسسات هذه الخدمة وعدم مراعاة توزيعها بشكل متوازن مع اعداد السكان ومساحة الاحياء السكنية.2 - اظهرت الدراسة ان هناك تباين كبير في التوزيع الكمي للخدمات التي تقدمها المؤسسات الصحية في المدينة ، اذ تميز مستشفى الصدر التعليمي عن بقية المؤسسات في الخدمات المقدمة باتساع تاثيرها الاقليمي الخدمي حيث تقدم خدماتها الى سكان المدينة واقليمها الواسع والاقاليم المحلية ، بينما لا يتجاوز مراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية في حدود تاثيرها الخدمي الحدود الادارية للمدينة ، اذ تقدم معظم خدماتها لسكان الاحياء التي تخدمها ، اما العيادات الخاصة امتازت بامتداد تاثيرها الى حدود واسعة اذ تمتد نطاق خدماتها الى اقضية ونواحي محافظة ميسان.3 - كشفت الدراسة افتقار مدينة العمارة الى مجموع الخدمات الترفيهية من الحدائق العامة والمتنزهات وبالمستوى الذي جعلها لا تتناسب مع الحاجة الفعلية للسكان ، اذ بلغت حصة الفرد الواحد من الحدائق العامة في المدينة (0,6) م2/ فرد ، في حين حدد المعيار المحلي ضرورة تخصيص (6,5) م2/ فرد ، وهذا يدل على وجود عجزا مساحيا قدرت مساحته(841380) م2. | Social service represent a basic pillar in the lives of people especially in its urban parts for it is a primary need that intervene in all aspects of daily life and it is a reflection of the developmental status of these cities and it is a mirror that reflects the country's ability to achieve social and economic development. For all these reasons, we find a great interest in these services on the part of geographic researchers while studying urban centers to determine the type of life depending on its quantity and quality in the city. The present study has studied the social services (educational, health, entertainment) in Ammara city and their spatial distribution during the year 2016. It has shown the actual reality and chronologically traced the changes during the different historic periods. The study also analyzed the effectiveness of these services depending on some local statistical standards that are adopted by the ministry of planning and the two scales of distance and ease to reach and people's satisfaction of the services. The study depended, also, on some principles of spatial analysis within the environment of geographic information systems (Arc GIS 10.2) especially (the nearest neighbor, standard distance, polarization of services and population) to determine the degree of services harmony in regard to distance or polarization within one space area. The study depended on the historic approach in tracing the historic stages of the development of the social services in the city.The descriptive, analytic, and qualitative approaches to show and analyze the results.The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one studied the historic development of social services in Ammara city. Chapter two dealt with the spatial distribution of the services. Chapter three presented an evaluation of effectiveness of the social services. Chapter four identified the educational, health and entertainment needs of the city and estimated the future need of these services as well for the coming years till 2030. The study reached at the following results : 1. The study discovered that there is an obvious deficiency in the spatial distribution of the educational services (kindergarten, and schools of all study stages; primary, intermediate and preparatory). This is a clear indicator of the deficiency of urban planning of the city. 2. The city showed that there is a great variation in the quantitative distribution of the services that the health institutions offer in the city. Alsadar teaching hospital is the most prominent of all institutions for it provides a wide range service that includes the city and the suburbs that surround it. Whereas local health centers provide service to the administrative borders of the city.3. The study discovered that there is a shortage of parks and public gardens that do not satisfy the actual needs of the people, the individual's share of the public parks in the city is (0.6)m2. The local standard has indicated the necessity of raising the individual's share to (6.5) m2. This indicated the deficiency in the individual's share in about (841380) m2

الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية لحوض وادي كاني ماسي في محافظة دهوك == Geomorphological Characteristics of Valley Basin Kani Masi in Dohuk Gover

Author name: غفران جعفر اسماعيل
Supervisor name: اسامة خزعل عبد الرضا الشريفي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية لحوض وادي كاني ماسي دراسة العوامل الطبيعية ذات العلاقة ، والاثر ، والتحكم المباشر ، وغير المباشر بالعمليات الجيومورفولوجية ضمن حدود منطقة الدراسة ، وحددت بالخصائص الجيولوجية المتمثلة بالتكوينات الجيولوجية التي تراوحت اعمارها ما بين الزمن الاول ابتداء من العصر الديفوني حتى نهاية العصر البرمي ، الى العصر الرباعي الحديث ،ومجمل التكوينات تمثلت بتنوع كبير من الصخور الرسوبية كالحجر الطيني وحجر الكلس الرصاصي الداكن ، والاصفر فضلا عن الدلومايت ، والسيليكا ، والمارل البني ، والبنفسجي ، والحجر الجيري ، وهي تكوينات صخرية متطبقة عموديا وافقيا وقسم منها اظهر تطبقا مائلا متاثرا بذلك بالحركات الارضية ،وتبعا للدراسة فان هذه الصخور تتاثر بالعمليات الجيومورفولوجية كالتجوية، والتعرية، والنحت المائي ،وقد بدات اثار هذه العمليات واضحة على منطقة الدراسة من الاثار والمظاهر الارضية التي تتركها هذه العمليات ، تمت دراسة الخصائص التضاريسية للمنطقة واوجدت الدراسة ان المنطقة واقعة ما بين خطي كنتور (800 - 3000م) فوق مستوى سطح البحر ، وهو فارق كبير جدا انعكست صورته على الخصائص الانحدارية للمنطقة التي تباينت انطقتها ما بين الاراضي المسطحة، والمتموجة الى الاراضي المقطعة بدرجة عالية بدرجات انحدارية تراوحت ما بين (1.9 - 0) الى اكثر من (30) ، وتعرضت كذلك الى الخصائص المناخية، والتربة، والنبات الطبيعي.وتوصلت الدراسة الى ان الاحواض المائية المتمثلة بحوض وادي كاني ماسي، و(7) احواض ثانوية اتخذت اشكالا بين الدائرية، والمستطيلة، فضلا عن الاشكال البيضوية ،وهذا يعني انخفاض دلالة خطر الفيضان بعد هطول الامطار في اودية وارتفاعها في اودية اخرى ذات الشكل الدائري ، اما الخصائص التضاريسية فقد اشارت الى تباين قيم التضرس، ومعدل نسيج الحوض نتيجة من اختلاف طبيعة التكوينات الصخرية، وان الاحواض (1 ،4 ،5 ،7) تمر بمرحلة النضج، وكمية الرواسب المتاتية من كل حوض من هذه الاحواض في اثناء السنة تتناسب عكسيا ومعدل الانحدار.تم تحديد المخاطر السيلية في المنطقة باعتماد بعض الخصائص المورفومترية وهي (نسبة الاستدارة ونسبة الاستطالة ونسبة التضرس ونسبة التشعب والكثافة الطولية والكثافة العددية) ، اضافة الى اعتماد معايير الجريان السطحي والمتضمنة (حجم الجريان وسرعة الجريان وقيمة التدفق الاقصى وزمن التركيز وزمن التباطؤ وفترة الاساس) ، واعتمادا على هذه المعايير ، اظهرت النتائج ان احواض المنطقة (3 ، 4 ، 5 ، 6 ، 7) متوسطة الخطورة والحوض الرئيس اضافة الى الحوضين (1 ، 2) عالية الخطورة وقد تم تمثيلها خرائطيا.تم تحديد نوع العمليات الجيومورفولوجية السائدة في المنطقة وحددت الاشكال الناتجة عنها وقد تمثلت بالعمليات المورفوتكتونية وحدد اشكالها بالهوك باك والكويستا والعمليات المورفومناخية وحددت اشكالها بالتقشر الصخري والتفلق الصخري والتفكك الكتلي والتكهفات والكارست ، كما اظهرت الدراسة نشاطا للعمليات المورفوديناميكية وحددت نتائجها بزحف التربة وزحف الصخور والتساقط الصخري.كما تم دراسة نشاط عملية التعرية باعتماد طريقة Bergsma وحددت انطقتها ودرجاتها في منطقة الدراسة وتبين ان (50%) من منطقة الدراسة تعاني من شدة التعرية | The study included geomorphology characteristics of the basin of the valley of Kani Masi study of natural factors relevant, impact, direct and control, and indirect the geomorphology operations within the boundaries of the study area, and identified the geological characteristics of the geological formations ranging in age between the first time, starting from the Devonian period until the end of the Permian, to quaternary the modern area, and the overall formations represented a wide variety of sedimentary rocks stone clay and limestone dark gray, and yellow as well as dolomite, silica, and marl brown, violet, limestone, a rock formations layers vertically and horizontally, and some of them showed layer tilted influenced so movements ground and according to the study, these rocks are affected geomorphological such as weathering operations, erosion, sculpture water, and the effects of these and clear operations began on the study area from the effects and manifestations ground left by these processes, it has been studied characteristics terrain of the area and created the study area is located between the linear contour (800 - 3000 m) above sea level, which is a very big difference reflected his image on the regression characteristics of the region, which varied between Antguetha flat lands, undulating land to cut highly varying downward ranged from (0 - 1.9) to more than (30), and has also been exposed to climatic characteristics, soil, and plant natural.The study found that of Basin Valley Kani Masi water basins, and (7) secondary basins taken forms between circular and rectangular, as well as oval shapes, this means lower signify the risk of flooding after heavy rain in the valleys and high in other valleys with a circular shape, and the topographic characteristics indicated to contrast Altdhars values, and the rate of the fabric of the basin as a result of the different nature of the rock formations, and the docks (1,4, 5,7) in the process of maturity, and the amount of sediment derived from each basin of the docks in the course of the year is inversely proportional to the rate of regression.The Saline hazards in the region to determine the adoption of some morphometric characteristics of a (Relation ratio, ratio, incubation ratio, concentration time, deceleration time and base period), in addition to the adoption of runoff standards and included (size of the flow and speed of output and the value of maximum flow and time of concentration and time of slowdown and the base period), and depending on these criteria, the results showed that pools the region (3,4, 5, 6,7), medium risk and pelvis in addition to the President basins (1,2) high - risk has been represented Jaraittiya.Been identified geomorphological processes prevailing in the region type and identified shapes resulting therefrom has represented Almorvotktonah operations and select forms Balhok buck Alkwysta operations Morfumnachah identified forms peel and rock Altvlq rock disintegration mass and cavities and karst study also showed active operations Almorvodinamekih identified their results crawling soil creep rock and precipitation.Activity has also been studying the adoption of erosion Bergsma way process and identified Antguetha and levels in the study area and found that 50% of the study area suffer from severe erosion

التحليل الجغرافي للعنوسة في محافظة واسط == Geographical analysis of spinsterhood in wasit provinc

Author name: ليديا حسين رحيمة
Supervisor name: لطيف هاشم كزار الطائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: Spinsterhood is a demographic phenomenon which reflects the economic and social conditions of society . Thus , it is a variable phenomenon changing with these conditions . Therefore , the spinsterhood and its spatial and temporal contracts are considered as one of the priorities of geographical research . The aim of this study is embodied in looking for the spatial and temporal contracts and taking the administrative units as a method for it . In addition to that , researching for the reasons of this contrast and taking into consideration the reference to the demographic features for the spinsters , the effects of the spinsterhood , and searching to find some solutions from the viewpoints of the spinsters themselves . This study has four chapters . The first chapter deals with the geographical distribution of the spinsterhood in Wasit province and has two sections . The first section deals with the numerical and distribution of the spinsterhood and the second deals with the environmental distribution ( urban and rural ) of the spinsterhood.The second chapter deals with the causes of the spinsterhood in Wasit province , and has five sections which are the following ones : the first section deals with the social reasons , the second section deals with the economic reasons , whereas the third and fourthBsections deal with the psychological , health , and security respectively . Finally , the fifth section is pointed to the investigation from the hypotheses of the chapter .The third chapter includes the demographic features of the spinsterhood in Wasit province , and has three sections which are the following ones : The first deals with the social features , the second deals with the economic features , and the third investigates the hypotheses of the chapter . As for the fourth chapter which includes the effects of the spinsterhood in Wasit province , and has three sections which are the following ones : The first section deals with the social effects , the second with the psychological and health effects , and the third investigates the hypotheses of the chapter . In addition to that , it has the introduction , the conclusions , suggestions , the lists of the references , and a number of the tables , charts , and shapes with temporal limits for the years ( 1987 and 1997 ) . as well as the field study in 2016 A.DThe researcher adopted many statistical techniques which are used such as the correlation coefficient with its different types , the regression , and the contrast according to the needs of the study .

حوض منخفض الشبيجة في محافظة ديالى وواسط , دراسة في الجومورفولوجية التطبيقية == Shabicha Deprisson Basin of Diyala And Wasit, governortey study In Applied Geomorphology

Author name: نور علي كاظم الكناني
Supervisor name: حسين عذاب خليف الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: This research studies Geomorphological processe of (Geomorphological units, basins and valleys) of the study area that feeds low Alshbejh, which is related and located in the provinces of Diyala and Wasit. However, The study area is about (9949.74 km2) while the total area of basins is about (14478.00 km2). The study focus is in five parts represents the chapters of the search.The rescvning used topographical maps with 1/100000 and 1/500000 map scale,besidesp; visual and satellite images of the (Landsat 7) satellite. It also used geographic information systems software (GIS) such as Arcview (GISv 10.2) and (Erdas V.8.4). It also used software for space visual processing, mapping and spatial analysis. In field study (7) surface water collected for studing the quality of water for drinking and other uses, as well as to determine the chemical contanines and it collected (9) ground water samples. In addition, collected (9) soil samples to conduct the physical and chemical analysis and to determine the types of soils in the region to know its importance in agricultural production.The study area is characterized by a natural characteristics such as geological formations, including the (formation and composition of Euphrates, Anjana, Muqdadiyah and Bai Hassan), climate, soil , surface water and natural vegetation; each characteristic has been studied in details.It studied the basins Morphometry and morphology which are the large dry valleys (oil, Thlaoi, Harran , Tihla, Triskh, Hizam (Implantation).

جيومورفولوجية مناطق الكثبان الرملية غرب محافظة واسط وعلاقتها بالنشاط == Geomorphology of Sand Dunes Areas at The West of Wasit Governmenet and its Relation with the Human Activity

Author name: صفا غني عبد الواحد العقيلي
Supervisor name: حسين عذاب خليف الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الاشكال الارضية للكثبان الرملية , التي تقع ضمن محافظة واسط في المنطقة الوسطى من العراق , اذ تقع في وسط اقليم السهل الرسوبي اي ضمن الرصيف غير المستقر, وتقع فلكيا بين دائرتي عرض(48 - 31 ه, 48 - 32 ه) شمالا وقوسي طول(40 - 44 ه, 04 - 46ه) شرقا, اما جغرافيا فهي تقع غرب محافظة واسط ,يحدها من الشمال محافظة بغداد ومن الجنوب محافظة ذي قار, ومن الغرب محافظة بابل, ومن الجنوب الغربي محافظة القادسية , ومن الشرق نهر دجلة , ومن الجنوب الشرقي نهر الغراف, تقدرمساحة منطقة الدراسة حوالي(5,786)كم2,من محافظة واسط البالغة مساحتها(17,12) كم2. وتقع ضمنها خمس وحدات ادارية هي (ناحية الموفقية , قضاء النعمانية, ناحية الاحرار , ناحية الزبيدية , ناحية الشحيمية , مركزقضاء الصويرة).اتضح من دراسة ظاهرة الكثبان الرملية ان للعوامل الطبيعية في منطقة الدراسة كالعوامل المناخية والخصائص الهيدرولوجية والتربة والغطاء النباتي تاثير كبير في تشكيل الظواهرالارضية, فكان لكل عامل من هذه العوامل الطبيعية دور واضح في احداث التاثير الجيومورفي في منطقة الدراسة , في حين كان للمناخ القديم في عصرالبلايستوسين الدورالاكبرفي تشكيل جيومورفولوجية منطقة الدراسة يفوق تاثير المناخ الحالي. وقد اشارت الدراسة الى مجمل العمليات الجيومورفية السائدة في المنطقة , والمتمثلة بالعمليات التركيبية المورفوتكتونية والعمليات المورفومناخية الحتية والترسيبية (المائية - الريحية) والاذابة وعمليات التجوية بانواعها فضلاعن التجوية البايلوجية وتاثيرالعمليات البشرية , وعززت الدراسة باجراء التحليل الكمي والمورفومتري لخصائص الكثبان الرملية اذ تبين من خلال دراسة ظاهرة الكثبان الرملية ان هناك تباين فصلي ومكاني في كمية الدقائق التي تنقلها الرياح من الطبقة السطحية لتربة منطقة الدراسة , اذ تنعدم عملية التعرية في الاشهر المطيرة ثم تاخذ بالازدياد التدريجي خلال اشهر الجفاف .ان حركة وزحف الكثبان الرملية يعتمد على قابلية التعرية اذ تنقل الرياح الذرات الجافة والمفككة من سطح التربة وترسبها في بعض الاماكن عند تناقص سرعتها مكونة الكثبان الرملية , واظهرت الدراسة الميدانية ان الكثبان الرملية الهلالية والطولية والنبكة هي السائدة في منطقة الدراسة ,وان الكثبان الهلالية ناتجة من تاثير الرياح الشمالية الغربية , اما الكثبان الطولية فهي ناتجة من عملية اندماج الكثبان الهلالية وتاثير الرياح الشمالية الغربية والشمالية والرياح الجنوبية الغربية .وتبين من خلال التحليل الحجمي لنماذج ماخوذة من الكثبان الرملية ان الحبيبات ليست ذات استدارة جيدة بل انها قريبة من الاستدارة وشبة الاستدارة .كما ان دراسة الاثار السلبية لحركة الكثبان الرملية على الاراضي الزراعية والطرق المعبدة ثم دراسة افضل الطرق للحد من تاثيراتها السلبية .اما فيما يخص الموارد الطبيعية في المنطقة , اذ يمكن استثمارها في عدة مجالات منها الاستعمالات الزراعية والرعوية والسياحية, كونها ذات مساحة شاسعة , الا ان ابرز استثمار للموارد الطبيعية في المنطقة يكمن في الاغراض الاقتصادية مكتسبة هذه الاهمية من خلال وجود حقل نفطي فيها , وهذا يتطلب الاحاطة بمواقعها وشمولها بدراسة ميدانية موسعة والاستعانة بالخرائط الطبوغرافية والجيولوجية والمرئيات الفضائية في تحديد مواقعه.

الانماط الزراعية في محافظة ذي قار == Agricultural Patterns In The Governorate Thi - Qar

Author name: نـجـم عـبـد كاظـم الوائـلـي
Supervisor name: شهلة ذاكر توفيق
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الانتاج الزراعي احد اهم اركان النشاط الاقتصادي في محافظة ذي قار والمصدر الرئيس لغذاء السكان؛ ولهذا اتخذ الباحث من الانماط الزراعية في محافظة ذي قار مشكلة علمية، الغاية منها هو الكشف عن طبيعة توزيعها وبيان العوامل الجغرافية الطبيعية والبشرية التي تؤثر في التباين المكاني لتوزيع هذه الانماط الزراعية على مستوى الوحدات الادارية. لقد توصل البحث ومن خلال اتباعه المنهج المحصولي الى جملة من النتائج محاولة منه لاثبات صحة فرضية البحث، فقد تم تقسيم الانماط الزراعية في منطقة الدراسة الى خمسة انماط زراعية هي، نمط زراعة الحبوب الغذائية، ونمط الزراعة الكثيفة، ونمط زراعة المحاصيل الصناعية، ونمط زراعة المحاصيل العلفية، ونمط تربية الحيوانات. كذلك تمكنت الدراسة من تفسير التباين المكاني لهذه الانماط الزراعية في ضوء علاقاتها بالعوامل الطبيعية والبشرية وهذا ما اظهرته دراسة المتغيرات الكمية باعتماد طريقة التحليل الكمي باستخدام الطرق الاحصائية المختلفة مثل (الانحراف المعياري والانحدار المتعدد). فباستخدام قانون الانحراف المعياري على كل نمط من الانماط الزراعية في منطقة الدراسة ظهر وجود تباين مكاني في توزيع هذه الانماط على الوحدات الادارية في المحافظة، في حين تبين من خلال استخدام اسلوب الانحدار المتعدد ان العوامل الجغرافية الطبيعة والبشرية (المتغيرات المستقلة) تتباين في نسبة مساهمتها في تباين توزيع هذه الانماط الزراعية (المتغيرات المعتمدة) في منطقة الدراسة. ولقد ظهر من الدراسة ان نمط زراعة المحاصيل العلفية احتل المركز الاول بمساحة (469775) دونما، وهذه المساحة تشكل نسبة (50,9%) من المساحات المزروعة في منطقة الدراسة والبالغة (921425) دونما، ويتركز هذا النمط الزراعي في شمال وشرق وجنوب غرب منطقة الدراسة؛ وذلك لسعة الحيازات الزراعية وارتفاع اعداد المكننة، في حين شهد انخفاضا واضحا في الاجزاء الجنوبية الشرقية من المحافظة؛ وذلك يعود للمساحات الشاسعة من الاراضي التي تغطيها الاهوار، فضلا عن انخفاض اعداد المكننة الزراعية في تلك الاجزاء من منطقة الدراسة. اما نمط زراعة الحبوب الغذائية فجاء بالمركز الثاني بمساحة (324311) دونما، وهذه المساحة تشكل نسبة (35,2%) من المساحات المزروعة في منطقة الدراسة، ويتركز هذا النمط الزراعي في الاجزاء الشمالية والشرقية من المحافظة؛ بسبب كبر الحيازات الزراعية وخصوبة الاراضي، فضلا عن ارتفاع اعداد المكننة الزراعية، بينما ياخذ هذا النمط بالقلة تدريجيا كلما اتجهنا نحو الاجزاء الجنوبية والجنوبية الشرقية من منطقة الدراسة، بسبب صغر الحيازات الزراعية وانخفاض اعداد المكننة. واما نمط الزراعة الكثيفة فقد جاء بالمركز الثالث بمساحة (115689) دونما، وهذه المساحة تشكل نسبة (12,6%) من مجموع المساحات المزروعة في المحافظة، ويتركز هذا النمط الزراعي في الاجزاء الوسطى والجنوبية من منطقة الدراسة، في حين يشهد انخفاضا واضحا في الاجزاء الجنوبية الشرقية من المحافظة. وبالنسبة لنمط زراعة المحاصيل الصناعية فقد جاء بالمركز الاخير بمساحة بلغت (11650) دونما، وهذه المساحة تشكل نسبة (1,3%) من مجموع المساحات المزروعة ضمن الخطة الزراعية في المحافظة، ويتركز هذا النمط الزراعي في الاجزاء الشمالية والشمالية الشرقية من منطقة الدراسة، في حين ينخفض هذا التركز بالتدريج في الاجزاء الاخرى من المحافظة. اما بخصوص نمط تربية الحيوانات فقد بلغ عددها (1726426) راسا، في منطقة الدراسة لعام (2013)، ويتركز نمط تربية الحيوانات في الاجزاء الشمالية والشمالية الشرقية والشمالية الغربية ويبدا بالانخفاض تدريجيا باتجاه الاجزاء الجنوبية والجنوبية الغربية حتى يصل الى ادنى مستوى له في الاجزاء الجنوبية الشرقية من منطقة الدراسة. كما توصلت الدراسة وباستخدام تقنية الانحدار المتعدد الى انموذج العلاقة الامثل لكل نمط من الانماط الزراعية في منطقة الدراسة مع المتغيرات (المستقلة)، وهذا بامكانه ان يساعد على التخطيط من اجل تنمية هذه الانماط وزيادة مساحاتها وتطورها ومعالجة مشاكلها بالعمل على تطوير مساهمة كل متغير من هذه المتغيرات على حدة. | Agricultural production is considered one of the most important sides of economic activities in Dhi - Qar province. It is the main source of food for the population, this is why the researcher (of this thesis) has taken agricultural patterns in Dhi - Qar province as a scientific problem to reveal the nature of the distribution and presenting natural, human and geographical factors affecting location variations of the distribution of agricultural patterns in the province administrative units. The research attained many conclusions through following crop approach as an attempt to confirm the research assumptions. The agricultural patterns in the study area have been divided into five agricultural patterns, they are; food grain agriculture pattern, intensive farming pattern, industrial crops agriculture pattern, forage crops agriculture pattern and animal husbandry agriculture pattern. The study also could interpret the location variations of these agricultural patterns according to their relations with natural and human factors. This is shown in the study of quantitative variables based on the quantitative analysis method using different statistical methods (like; standard deviation and multiple regression). By using the standard deviation on each type of cropping patterns in the study area, there was a location difference in the distribution of these patterns on the province administrative units. Whereas, the use of multiple regression method indicated that natural and human geographical factors (independent variables) differ in their proportion of contribution to the distribution of these cropping patterns (dependent) variables in the study area. The study has displayed that the forage crops agriculture pattern came first with an area of (469,775) acres, and this area forms (%51.9) of the agricultural parts in the study area, estimated about (921,425) acres. This agricultural pattern is concentrated in the north, east and south - west of the study area, this is because of the capacity of agricultural properties and the high numbers of machineries. Whereas there was a clear decline in the southeastern parts of the province, this is due to the vast parts of land covered by marshes and a lower number of agricultural machineries in those parts of the study area. The food grain agriculture pattern came in the second place with an area of (324,311) acres, and this area forms (%35.2) of the agricultural areas in the study area. This agricultural pattern is concentrated in the northern and eastern parts of the province because of the large agricultural properties, fertile lands, and the high number of agricultural machineries, while this pattern decreases gradually towards the southern and south - eastern parts of the study area, because of the small agricultural properties and the low number of agricultural machineries. The intensive farming agriculture pattern came in the third place with an area of (115,689) acres, and this area forms (%12.6) of the total cultivated areas in the province. This agricultural pattern is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the study area, whereas it clearly declines in the south - eastern parts of the province. As for industrial crops agriculture pattern, it came in the last place with an area of (11,650) acres, and this area forms (%1.3) of the total agricultural parts within the agricultural plan in the province. This agricultural pattern is concentrated in the northern and north - eastern parts of the study area, while this concentration decreases gradually in other parts of the province. As for the animal husbandry pattern, the number of animals is (1,726,426) heads in the study area in 2013. The pattern of animal husbandry is concentrated in the northern parts of North - East and North - West and it declines gradually towards the southern and south - west parts until it reaches its lowest level in the south - eastern parts of the study area. The study also found (through using multiple regression technique) an optimal relation model for each type of the agricultural patterns in the study area with (independent variables), and this can help to plan for the development of these patterns and increase its sizes, evolution, and handling its problems by attempting to develop the contribution of each of these variables individually

استعمالات الارض الحضرية في مدينة الرفاعي : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == Urban land uses in Alrefaie city A study in the Urban Geography

Author name: رهام عزيز عبد الرزاق الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: عبد الجليل ضاري عطا الله السعدون
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: مدينة الرفاعي هي مركز قضاء الرفاعي ووحدة ادارية تقع ضمن محافظة ذي قار وتقع في الجزء الشمالي من مدينة الناصرية ، تبلغ مساحتها (10.079) كم2 وعدد سكانها (71199) نسمة وتتكون من (10) احياء سكنية ، تهدف الرسالة الى دراسة استعمالات الارض الحضرية في هذه المدينة والتعرف على مشاكلها ومدى كفاءة استعمالات الارض الحضرية فيها ووضع التوجهات المستقبلية لها . تناولت الدراسة مفهوم استعمالات الارض الحضرية واهمية دراسة استعمالات الارض الحضرية وتصنيفات استعمالات الارض الحضرية ، ومعايير كل استعمال والمخطط الاساس للمدينة والنظريات الخاصة باستعمالات الارض الحضرية والعوامل المؤثرة على استعمالات الارض الحضرية في منطقة الدراسة ، ودراسة نشاة المدينة وتسميتها وتطورها المورفولوجي . اعتمدت الدراسة في جانب كبير منها على العمل الميداني وصممت استمارة استبانة عدد(1) ووزعت منها (377) استمارة ، واثبت الجهد الميداني المتمم للجهد المكتبي الى تنوع الاستعمالات ؛ اذ شغل الاستعمال التجاري نسبة (0.16%) من مساحة المخطط الاساس ، وشغل الاستعمال الصناعي نسبة (4.62%) من مساحة المخطط الاساس ، وشغل الاستعمال السكني نسبة (65.16%) ، اما المناطق الخضراء فشغلت نسبة (4.46%) واما النقل فقد شغل نسبة (3.59%) فيما شغلت المناطق الترفيهية (1.48%) من مساحة المخطط الاساس ، اما المباني الحكومية فقد بلغت نسبتها (3.05%) من مساحة المخطط الاساس ، اما نسبة المباني الصحية وصلت الى (0.82%) ، وبلغت نسبة المباني الدينية (0.34%) من مساحة المخطط الاساس ، اما المناطق الشاغرة فقد بلغت نسبتها (0.29%) من مساحة التصميم الاساس . واعتمدت الباحثة في دراستها على المنهج الجغرافي الوصفي التحليلي الذي يبحث في العلاقات المكانية للظاهرة الجغرافية وتحديد العوامل المؤثرة فيها ، الى استعمالها لبعض الاساليب الاحصائية في معالجة الموضوع من زواياه وجوانبه المختلفة . وخرجت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات على امل ان تاخذ بها الدوائر المعنية وصولا الى تحقيق الاهداف المرجوة . | Alrefaie city is the center of Alrefaie district and it is on administration and it is an administrative unit included in Dhi Qar province and it is located in northern part of Nasiriya city and its area is about (10.079)km2 and its population is about (71199) and its constitutes of (10)residential districts, thesis objective is studying the urban uses of the earth uses qualifications range in it and putting future orientation for it.The study dealt with the concept of urban uses and the importance of studying urban land uses and its, classifications of every use and the basic scheme of the city and the special theories related to urban earth uses and effective factors on urban earth uses in area of studying and studying the city development.The study relied in great part on the fieldwork and a form was designed as a question air and 377 a form, had been distributed and the field job with the office work confirmed the various uses the commercial use proportion was 0.16% of basic scheme area and the in a us trial use proportion was 4.16% of basic scheme area and the residential use proportion was 65.16% while the green areas proportion was 4.46% the transportation proportion was 3.59% and the recreational area proportion was 1.48% of basic scheme area the governmental proportion was 0.82% and the religious buildings proportion was 0.29% of basic design area.The researcher in her study relied on analytic geographic approach that studies the place relationship of the geographic phenomenon and defining the effective factors in it to the some of the statistical manners for dealing with the subject and the researcher came out with some instructions and wishes for implementing them in the city for achieving the desired goals.

تحليل جغرافي لمعوقات التنمية الزراعية في محافظة المثنى == A Geographic Analysis of the obstacles to agricultural Development in Al - Muthanna province

Author name: رباب حسن كاظم الجياشي
Supervisor name: نجاح عبد جابر الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: تعد التنمية الزراعية واحدة من اهم انواع التنمية التي تسعى دول العالم الى تحقيقها الا انها لم تحقق في منطقة الدراسة بسبب بعض المعوقات التي ساهمت في عدم تحقيق التنمية الزراعية منها ضعف الامكانات المالية والارشادية والتقنية للمزارعين وتدهور خصوبة الارض الزراعية وقلة مياه الري على الرغم مما تمتلكه المحافظة من بعض المقومات مما جعلت الامر باعثا على دراستها واعتمادا على النتائج المستخلصة من هذه الدراسة يمكن تحديد المسار الانسب في التخطيط للتنمية الزراعية التي تمثل جانبا اساسيا ومهما من خطط التنمية الاقتصادية . وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الرئيسة بـ (ما معوقات التنمية الزراعية الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية في منطقة الدراسة ؟ ) ، اما الفرضية الرئيسة تمثلت بوجود مجموعة من المعوقات الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية التي حالت دون تحقيق اهداف التنمية الزراعية ، لذا تهدف الدراسة الى البحث عن معوقات التنمية الزراعية وتوضيح اسبابها وتاثيراتها في المحافظة وكيفية وضع الحلول المناسبة للتخلص منها وتحقيق الاهداف ، واعتمدت الدراسة على عدد المناهج الجغرافية من اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث منها المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي والمنهج الاقليمي والمنهج الاحصائي ، فضلا عن الاعتماد على المصادر المكتبية والدراسة الميدانية المتمثلة باستمارة الاستبيان والمقابلات الشخصية ، وفي ضوء ذلك تكونت الدراسة من مقدمة واربعة فصول تناول الفصل الاول مقومات التنمية الزراعية التي تمثلت بالمقومات الطبيعية التي تناولت السطح والمناخ والتربة والموارد المائية ، فضلا عن دراسة المقومات البشرية التي تطرقت الى حجم الايدي العاملة الزراعية والحيازات الزراعية وطرائق الري واساليبه ونظام الصرف والسياسة الزراعية بكل انواعها وطرق النقل والمكننة الزراعية لما لها من دور واضح في التنمية الزراعية . اما الفصل الثاني تناول دراسة واقع النشاط الزراعي للمدة (2007 - 2016) الذي تمثل بدراسة محاصيل الحبوب والمحاصيل الصناعية ومحاصيل الخضر والعلف ومحاصيل البستنة ، في حين تناول الفصل الثالث معوقات التنمية الزراعية التي تضمنت المعوقات الطبيعية المتمثلة ( بالعجز المائي ، تملح الترب ، التطرف الحراري ، زحف الكثبان الرملية, العواصف الغبارية) والمعوقات البشرية التي تناولت دراسة ( نقص الايدي العاملة الزراعية ، العزوف عن العمل الزراعي ، وضعف الخبرات الزراعية لدى المزارعين، معوقات السياسة الزراعية بانواعها ، معوقات استغلال الاراضي الزراعية والمعوقات التقنية ) فضلا عن التطرق للمعوقات الحياتية التي تناولت دراسة الافات والامراض الزراعية التي تمثلت بالحشرات والامراض والادغال ، في حين يبحث الفصل الرابع حول وضع استراتيجيات خاصة بالتنمية الزراعية في المحافظة بما يتلاءم مع طبيعة منطقة الدراسة . في حين توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الحقائق كانت ابرزها ان محافظة المثنى تعاني من تدهور القطاع الزراعي وتراجع انتاجه سنويا ، واظهرت ان منطقة الدراسة تمتلك بعض الامكانات التي يمكن ان تكون احد الحلول التي يمكن استثمارها في الزراعة الا انها تحتاج الى التخطيط الصحيح بهدف استثمارها كبعض الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة والمياه الجوفية المتوفرة في الهضبة الغربية ، اما اهم التوصيات التي توصلت اليها الدراسة كانت اهمها السعي لترشيد استعمال المياه وفقا لحاجة كل محصول واستصلاح الاراضي المتدهورة بهدف زيادة المساحة المزروعة واخيرا اختتمت الدراسة بقائمة من المصادر والمراجع وقائمة بالملاحق . | Agricultural development is one of the most important types of development that the countries of the world seek to achieve, which nevertheless failed to succeed in the studied district. This is due to some of the negative aspects that contributed to the emergence of obstacles to agricultural development, including weak financial and technical capabilities, insufficient guidance, the degradation of agricultural land fertility, and the lack of irrigation water. All of these are present despite the fact that the province does have some of the available constituents, which resulted into this research. By relying on the results of the study, it is possible to determine the most appropriate path in planning agricultural development that represents the fundamental aspects of economic development plans.The main problem of the study lies in the development of the natural agricultural, human, and life constraints in the studied area. As to the main hypothesis, it was represented in a group of natural and human obstacles as well as the constraints of life, which prevented the achievement of agricultural development goals. Therefore, the study aims at searching the obstacles to the agricultural development, to clarify its causes and effects in the province, as well as to explain how to input the appropriate solutions to get rid of them. In order to achieve this goal, the study relied on a number of geographic approaches in order to accomplish the research objectives, of which include the descriptive, analytic, and the crop approach. In addition, the study also relied on library resources, and a field study through questionnaires and interviews. In light of this, the research consists of an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter deals with the elements of agricultural development that contains the components of agricultural development which covered the surface, climate, soil, and water resources. Moreover, it also studies the human constraints that touched on the size of agricultural labor and holdings, the irrigation and drainage methods, the agricultural policy of all kinds, and the agricultural transport and mechanization due to their clear roles in agricultural development. As to the second chapter, it deals with the reality of agricultural activity for the period between (2007 - 2016) which is the study of industrial, grain, vegetable, fodder, and horticultural crops. The third chapter, on the other hand, handles the geographical constraints for agricultural developments that is represented in the natural obstacles as seen in (water shortage, soil salinization, thermal extremes and sand dune encroachment), and human constraints that deal with (shortage of agricultural labor, the abandonment of agricultural work, poor agricultural expertise of farmers, the obstacles of policy of all kinds, as well as the obstacles to the utilization of agricultural land and technical obstacles) as well as the constraints of life that deal with the study of agricultural pests, which include the insects, diseases and the bushes. Chapter four discusses the development of a strategy for agricultural development in the province in accordance with the nature of the studied area.The study reaches a set of facts, most notably that the province of al - Muthanna suffers from deterioration in the agricultural sector and decline in its annual production. Through this research it has also become clear that the studied area does have some potential, and thus could be one of the solutions that can be invested in agriculture. Still, this needs to be properly planned with the aim to invest in it, such as some arable land and groundwater available in the desert of Samawah. Of the most important recommendations of the study is to strive to rationalize the use of water according to the needs of each crop, and to reclaim the degraded lands in order to increase the cultivated area. Finally, the study concludes with a list of sources and references and a list of annexes

التحليل المكاني للخدمات الترفيهية في مدينة السماوة == The Spatial Analysis for the Entertainment Services in Samawa City

Author name: هالة هادي صالح الظالمي
Supervisor name: ماهر ناصر عبد الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aims at identifying the reality of spatial analysis of entertainment services in Samawa city depending on the local standards to assess the needs of the population for these services.The study has been conducted through depending largely on the field study and field survey, and it included the related institutions with these services. In addition, the researcher has adopted statistical means like standard deviation and the analysis of neighborhood link by using (ARC GIS 10.4.1) to identify the changes in the size of the population according to the growth rates and to determine the types of entertainment services as well as the extent of efficiency of the given services in accordance with the used standards.The present study has included four chapters : the first chapter deals with the importance of entertainment services, their types , and the stages of basic planning of Samawa city. The second chapter studies some natural and demographic characteristics and their effect on the reality of services. The third chapter is concerned with the study of spatial distribution of the entertainment services in Samawa city, while the fourth chapter focuses on the efficiency of the entertainment services in the city depending on the local standards and some indicators. The thesis has ended with identifying the current needs of the city for the entertainment services as well as the future needs up to 2025.The study has concluded that the entertainment services has low efficiency due to the lack of large types of entertainment services in terms of their numbers , areas, and distribution. There has been clear shortage in the amount of the provided services as they were concentrated in some locals and not in others in a way that is not suitable to the size of the population in the city. With this respect, the needs of the city for the entertainment services are identified, in addition to the estimation of the future needs until 2025.

التحليل الجغرافي السياسي لمؤشرات قياس الدولة الهشة : دراسة تطبيقية على العراق == The Geographical - Political Analysis of Fragile State Indicators (An Applied Study on Iraq

Author name: مروة سامي جودة
Supervisor name: عدنان كاظم جبار الشیباني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The study of state is of great importance for the geographical - political studies since it represents a political and social entity. Its existence requires the availability of its basic pillars ( the people, the region, and the authority). It is responsible for carrying out its functions, which represent the main, sole and justified purpose of its existence. In addition, the quality of its performance for its internal and external functions is the measure of its efficiency and sustainability. The states that are subject to setbacks and obstacles in the performance of their functions are described by several terms, the most important of which is the term "fragile state". Such term has a semantic power in describing the efficiency of the state in providing the needs of its population as well as to meet their aspirations. Thus, their sustainability as a country or the possibility of its collapse depends on these aspects, which entails considerable risks at the local and international levels, which is widely used to describe (weak state, vulnerable state, failed state, failing state, collapsed state, instable state, state of crisis and recovering etc.). From such terms, a delineation of indicators to measure the fragility of the state was done, especially after the emergence of two triggers : the declaration of Millennium Development Goals and the events of September 11, 2001. As a result, several indicators emerged, including progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the Fragile State Index ( FSI) of Fund For Peace, as well as the Organization for Economic Co - operation and Development (OECD). These indicators were used for two purposes : assisting States, reducing the negative effects of crises, and/or defaming those countries in order to justify hostile policies towards them by the major powers. In accordance with such importance, the researcher has chosen (the geographical - political analysis of fragile state indicators, an applied study on Iraq) as a tittle of her thesis. She adopted the functional approach of Hartshorn which clarified the internal and external functions of the state, the forces of attraction and the forces of expulsion and their role in the cohesion of the state and its unity or disintegration. In addition, she also adopted the historical and power analysis approaches. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher has divided the study into introduction, five chapters, and some conclusions. The first chapter is concerned with the notional frameworks of state and fragile states. Chapter two deals with the geographical characteristics of Iraq and its political system.Chapter three is devoted to show the indicators of fragile state and its application on Iraq. Chapter four focuses on the reasons that prevented the stability and development in Iraq. Chapter five includes the geographicalpolitical solutions to rescue Iraq from fragility. The study has concluded some conclusions : the State of Iraq suffers from fragility in its entity, which has limited its stability and development since its establishment in 1921 to 2015.Moreover, the reason behind the fragility of the state and the failure of its performance in its internal and external functions laid in a number of political, security, economic and social factors, in addition to the Anglo - American occupation of Iraq. These factors combined effectively contributed to a situation of fragility, which requires the development of a range of solutions at the internal and external levels to save the state in Iraq from the fragility and to enable it to regain its leading role regionally and internationally.

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الضباع غرب ناحية بصية واستثماراته - باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geomorphology of Al - Dhiba'a Valley Basin West of Basiya and its investments - Using GIS

Author name: اسامة فالح عبد الحسن المكتوب
Supervisor name: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a is located within the area of ( stable pavement) within the scope of (Al - Salman and Bsei'a ). The area of the study was a subject to the formative movements that resulted with many fractures, which in turn have participated in several ground and terrain variations in the basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a and decided some of the tracks of the streams of water in the basin . The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a has two styles of water flow : the first style is known as (Tree style) and the second is known as ( parallel style). Throughout the study, it has been concluded that the area is promising with economic investments as some of its areas is suitable for agriculture and grazing since it has much of groundwater in addition to the water on the ground if the rain fell. The area of the study also is considered as an ideal area to make a nature reserve and it is an area in which there are many types of raw materials that could be used in several industries.The most important recommendations of the present study are : to encourage the public body of groundwater in Al - Muthanna governorate to drill many wells to meet the actual needs of the area of the study, making a hydrological station, building some dams in certain positions , investing the agricultural and grazing lands in a planned way, composing a net of transmitting tracks to get advantage of the natural resources especially the raw materials, and to encourage the tourist sect in this area.

واقع الاستثمار الصناعي واتجاهاته المكانية في محافظة المثنى : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Reality of the Industrial Investment and its Spatial Trends in Al - Muthanna Governorate (Study in the Industrial Geography

Author name: امنة رزاق عبيد الزيادي
Supervisor name: رحمن رباط حسين الايدامي | عدنان كاظم جبار الشيباني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Due to the great importance of industrial investment as it represents the tool that works to collect different factors of production and then find industries that contribute to satisfying the needs of different human by converting raw materials to more useful and longer life products.This study highlights the geographical capabilities of Al - Muthanna Governorate and investigates its role in finding various industrial investments. The area under study has many natural geographical capabilities such as the location near the governorates of the Euphrates and the south of the country. In addition, it has a large area (51740 km 2) which distributed in (4) districts (Al - Samawah, Al - Rumaitha, Al - Khidr and Al - Salman). The human capabilities such as the large population which reached (806368) people for the year 2016 and it grows continually, in addition to the availability of large and varied economic capabilities which were a clear reflection of the natural and human capabilities (variable raw materials , labor, markets and transport routes etc.). The industrial investment in the governorate of Al - Muthanna several problems related with some raw materials, labor , fuel, energy and production etc.The study has followed the regional approach i.e. the study of the governorate as a unit in its own regardless the surrounding areas, and the inductive method through which field studies were conducted, statistical method (weighted weights)was also used to determine the spatial trends of industrial investment in Al - Muthanna Governorate, depending on twelve variables. Based on the above, the study has reached a number of conclusions : foremost of which was that Al - Muthanna Governorate has primary resources and human capacities to enable it to carry out various industrial investments which enable it to establish an industrial base that will be the basis for what follows. The study also showed the results of analyzing the relationship between the geographical capabilities of industrial investment and the suggested Spatial trends : 1 - Al - Samawah City came first, after collecting (49.4%) of the differential degrees. This indicates the availability of good capabilities of raw materials and infrastructure to establish and invest these industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha City came in the second place with 24.8%. It was ranked first with raw materials and plant waste, and the second in the infrastructure that helps it to do many of these industries.3 - Al - Khidr was in the third rank of the total available resources (15.8%) of the differentiation degrees, and therefore can be used in industrial investment.4 - Al - Salman city came in fourth place with (10%) of the total capabilities for manufacturing branches in the Governorate of Al - Muthanna.BA set of recommendations in accordance with the subject of the study : 1 - After the collection of the city of Samawah (49.4%) of the differentiation degrees, we recommend the establishment of food, textile and metal industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha city has collected (24.8%) of the total available resources in Al - Muthanna Governorate, so we propose the establishment of wood industries, paper and printing industry and non - classified industries.3 - Al - Khidr City has Collected (15.8%) of the geographical available capabilities, so we propose the establishment of textile and food industries.4 - Establishment of chemical and construction industries in the City of Al - Salman, for obtaining the first place of mineral resources, which is the raw material for these industries.
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