اسم المؤلف:
مجيد موسى حميد زبين الكناني
اسم المشرف:
هاشم علي هاشم الموسوي
المستخلص:
The contemporary world of business is witnessing a series of radical transformations and rapid developments resulted from a group of environment factors, such as technological progress, globalization, open - door trading and the strong competitions about the markets and consumers. This makes it necessary for us to look for chances to reduce the operating and capitalistic costs without affecting the quality of the products and services.The issue of cost reduction occupied a vital importance for most of the working projects in all economic sectors because all of these projects suffers, due to the present economic conditions, from the increase in the production costs as a result of the rapid increase in prices, besides, the waste will lead to an increase in the costs and also lead to lack of qualification and knowledge in executing some activities.Because of the above - mentioned conditions, those who are in charge of the administration of companies are seeking for a way that assists to decrease the costs. One of these ways is using the outsourcing.This study aims at discussing how to decrease the costs in the Iraqi Companies by using the strategic outsourcing approach, depending on a complementary theoretical framework derived from the resource - based theory according to the opinions of Barney (1991) and the transaction cost theory according to the opinions of Williamson (1985). Moreover, the study does not ignore the importance of the differential costs in the outsourcing decisions although it goes beyond the traditional approach in limiting the costs to the strategic approach according to the activity - based costs (ABC) for limiting the activities to be sourced from abroad aiming at achieving reduce in the activity execution cost which is reflected in the total cost of the company under study.To achieve the aim above , the study was divided into four chapters : Chapter one deals with the systematization of the study and a survey for some of the previous studies and discussing them showing the similarities and differences with the study in hand, whereas chapter two explained some of the modern approaches in decreasing the cost showing also the possibility of applying these approaches to the Iraqi industrial environment, and surveying the based of outsourcing and its future trends besides its advantages and the most important risks which accompany application.Chapter three concentrated on the qualitative determiners for the strategic outsourcing taken from the transaction cost theory and the resource - based theory showing the justifications of taking the two theories together when we take the decisions of outsourcing. We also surveyed the quantitive determiners of the strategic outsourcing represented by the differential costs, stating the shortcomings in the traditional approach for limiting the costs aiming at shifting to the strategic approach in limiting these costs.The last chapter was devoted for surveying and discussing the field aspect of this study; hence the first research was devoted for surveying, analyzing and discussing the findings of the questionnaire, which included the study sample composed of (53) persons from the managers of the commissions and departments in the South Oil Company, while the second research was devoted to surveying, analyzing and discussing the study of the state of outsourcing in one of the commissions of the previously mentioned company, which is Commission of Maysan Oil Field. The findings of the statistic analysis showed that there is a direct relation between the characteristic of the resources of little value and the outsourcing of the activities of the South Oil Company under study (exploration, digging, operations, marketing, collective transportation of the employees). There is also a direct relation between the unrare resource and the outsourcing of the five activities under study. There is also a direct relation between the characteristic of the resource, which can be substituted and the outsourcing, and finally the certainty of the direct relation between the imitatable resources and the outsourcing. The findings showed by statistic analysis for the four branch hypotheses connected with the resource - based theory enhances the proposals to depend on the choice of the South Oil Company for sourcing any activity out of it on the characteristics of resources (value, rarity, substitute, imitation). The findings of the statistic analysis also showed that there is a direct relation between the characteristic of the activities of less specialized assets and theoutsourcing of the activities of the South Oil Company under study. There is also a direct relation between the characteristic of the activities of little uncertainty and the outsourcing. Finally, the certainty of the direct relation between the characteristic of the activities of little frequency and the outsourcing. The findings showed by the statistic analysis for the three branch hypotheses connected with the transaction cost theory enhance the proposals to depend the choice of the South Oil Company for sourcing any activity out of it on the characteristics of the activities (asset specificity, uncertainty, frequency). The important notice, which can be taken from the statistic analysis of the variables of the resource - based theory in interpreting the different attitudes towards the outsourcing, is that the interpreting ability and the strength of the relations of the four characteristics together are better than depending on one characteristic only. The same thing is applied to the characteristics of the transaction cost theory in interpreting the different attitudes to the outsourcing.Finally, the relation value and the interpreting capacity between the characteristics of the two theories together and the outsourcing increase. This direct relation reaches to (.90) and the interpreting ability to (81%) and supports the complementary attitude between the two sources in limiting the determiners of the strategic outsourcing that this study aimed at. After surveying the findings of the statistic analysis and studying the state of outsourcing of the activity of the collective transportation, the researcher came up with the most important conclusions represented by the necessity of taking care of knowing the quantitative and qualitative determiners when we determine the activities of the outsourcing. To conclude, the researcher recommends that the costing system in the company, which is the sample of the study, should be developed because of the inadequacy in analyzing the indirect cost. The researcher also recommends that a specialized work team should be formed within the organizing framework and includes all the scientific and practical specializations in its membership, supported by the academies. The team mission should be studying the chances of the possible outsourcing.
