Abstract: Through this study, we tried to show the historical stages in which writing and writers were mentioned since their occurrence and the reasons behind their existence and the elements of their development.Also, what has done by the Arabs and Muslims since the days of the prophet Mohammed and his generous fellows and their interesting in writing craft and to find ways to develop it as to serve the Arabic and the Islamic state.Writing was submitted to the elements of developing and widening in deeds according to the requirements of the state and the need which circumstances propose in the reign of Omar Ibn Al - Khatab Caliphate, Diwans were registered and this was considered as one of the pillars for state rising. During the Omyyad Age, writing litters was greatly developed as this Age witnessed a great extension in the geographical region of the Arabic and Islamic state, which led to the appearance of new Diwans. Undoubtfully, the Omyyads adopted many customs and traditions of the early period of Islam, and this became as obvious evidence for the nation vitality and its ability for civilized creation. The nation strided a new pace in the reign of the Caliph Abdul - Malik bin Marwan, that pace was Arabization.Arriving at the first Abbāsides Age, all the Diwans were transmitted the new Caliphate center in Baghdad. But the Abbāsides, since the first day of their state rising, were interesting in “Diwan Al - Rasael” and they were working to develop this establishment. This Age was characterized by centralism in its first period.It represented the climax of the state development and the fixation of its pillars. And for the great responsibilities resulting from the extension of the administrative system which leads to the appointment of many writers. After that their number increased enormously and they become the elite intellectual writers in the state. They played an important role during the political administration of the state and to rule its government.The Abbashides Caliphs took care of writing and writers and these Caliphs enabled the writers to practice their administrative and political responsibilities beside them. We are trying to speak about writer’s characters and his abilities and we are careful to show famous writers in the culture they bear and show they are chosen to work in “Diwan Al - Rasāỉl” .

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الاستشراق الامريكي والسيرة النبوية : ارفنج انموذجا == AMERICAN ORIENTALISM AND THE PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY

Author name: سامي احمد الزهو

Supervisor name: عبد الجبار ناجي الياسري

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

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الطب عند العرب قبل الاسلام

Author name: هديل غالب عباس الربيعي

Supervisor name: قاسم حسن الشيخ

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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Author name: صلاح عباس حسن السوداني

Supervisor name: نبيلة عبد المنعم داود

General topic: History

Specific topic: Islamic History

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

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