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الاقصاء الفكري والمذهبي في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط غرناطة 92 - 897هـ / 710 - 1491م == Intellectual And Sectarian Exclusion In Andalusia From Opening Until The Fall Of Granada{ 92 - 897H / 710 - 1491M }

Author name: احمد عبد الكاظم لجلاج
Supervisor name: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Considered Andalus important Islamic metropolises where many scientists and thinkers who have taken it upon themselves to research and development in the fields of science and knowledge that was not the general situation accepted by explicitly but work on the stand especially her face and he saw it outside the Islamic religion famously took action to address them in all shapes and ways to eliminate those of science and knowledge in multiple formats such as imprisonment, exile, murder and other acts.So you divide my thesis to the front and pave contained four chapters in a statement Photos exclusion was a historic evidence from several perspectives in the control of the Maliki school and Aidulogith in the application of his ideas playoffs, has included a plan submitted Find based on unbridled desire that led me to choose a thesis and also the method and approach which it adopted thesis topics on the statement, and the statement of sources that our results in the Thighs thesis on the MAP.Either the first chapter we have offered is subject to the intellectual and ideological trends} origination and exclusion {has combined two sections, the first meaning of the exclusion and the statement of exclusion language and idiomatically as contained in the language dictionaries, as well as references to this meaning in the Koran and how Illth wrote boredom and the bees, which reflected the ideas of storytellers, and Pena impact political factor in the genesis of the doctrines in Andalusia, while the second topic and address the exclusion of doctrines in Andalusia under the headings exclusion of the Maliki school for the rest of doctrines and how he was able Maliki school of control after the support of the authority and its role and address of the exclusionary policy against science and knowledge and how was his word and Satwa on who oppose that Maliki played a major roleEither The second and the chapter was dedicated "religious charges" brought together the first two sections : charges of atheism and heresy "and touched it to the first two issues of religious charges and second counts mental science and made it clear both how to throw different religious charges if the charge of heresy or interest to get out of debt and that jurists which played a role they were able to form through which the interconnected series of charges pervaded the owners of the new science and the owners of renewed thought that scholars did not deliver them to the rest of the doctrines, scientists and thinkers of philosophy, medicine, astronomy and other sciences of those charges, either second topic and address the political charges came under the first two headings charge of conspiracy to power The second charge Altcol power we have explained in which the depth of exclusionary development that he tried to extend his policy all the roads in order to exclude others because of their ideological and intellectual.The third chapter and the chapter was devoted to the statement "intellectual exclusion methods" have included four first sections : exclusion prison and explained how it was able to owners of authoritarian thought the use of charges and packaged form that allows them to throw the accused in prison and policy practice their right tools and the pressure on them and which claimed the lives of some people to death because of those charges either second topic : the liquidation of murder also has its major role in the exclusion processes has used the owners of rigid trends and Alemtemthleen who led the Maalikis activate the secret and public killings tool for the liquidation of opponents of the scientific arena because of what were driven right Almgosain of false charges, either third topic : the displacement is considered the perfect tool for them in Almgosai deal signed after his land and his fellow workers, including an effective tool in the intimidation and terrorism. Either fourth topic : the destruction of intellectual productions and who embodied the most dangerous exclusion processes, as is the termination phase of the owners of the intellectual and religious trends through campus affected by them and which formed a burden on both cases, researchers because of the loss of those books and what the content of which were destroyed because of the desires of scholars and face Almtsidin of the doctrine of al - Maliki, the destruction of their books. The fourth chapter,dealt with and entitled "Methods of face exclusion," which came in the first two sections : hiding from the pressures of exclusion The first two addresses included immigration in order to avoid the development of cases of exclusion and the use of repressive tactics against Almgosain which necessitated their migration and disappearances in the Secretary and remote areas within Andalusia and beyond, and the second face the pressures of exclusion by the challenge and confrontation, or to stay and refused to obey the orders of the authority of the wishes of influential jurists Maalikis.The fourth five entitled "Public attitudes" which we explained where those positions have included the first two sections : the general attitudes of the implementation of the exclusion orders, which reflected the first two aspects positive supporter of thedecisions of exclusion and supportive of her and the second rejecting exclusion and confrontation with its decisions after remedied to the size of the plots hatched against scientists and scholars in order to exclusion, and the second represents their positions of intellectual and revolutionary movements embodied doing some revolutions against those who have been excluded. And the conclusion of the findings of the study of important results Astfadtha of those circumstances and women, which was the reason behind the exclusion of the right of scientists and thinkers the results of the task related to exclusion, as well as a list of the names of the manuscripts and sources in Arabic and translated, references and a number of messages and Alatarih university, periodicals and foreign references.
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بنو مردنيش ودورهم السياسي والعسكري في الاندلس (528 - 636 هـ/1134 - 1238 م) == Bani Mardeneesh Their Political And Military Role In Andalusia ( 528 - 636 A. H./ 1134 - 1238 )

Author name: جابر خليفة جابر
Supervisor name: حسين جبار مجيتل العلياوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study singled out the political and military role of Bani Mardneeshin Andalusia528 - 636 A.H./1134 - 1238 where this period represents an important aspect of Andalusian history from the late era of Murabiteen and the era of Muwahideen. The research begins from the year 528 A. H./1134, based on the existence of a military role for the grandfather of the family whose name is Mardneesh in that time.Then, the end of the research set in year636 A. H. / 1238, based on the history of the fall of the city of Valencia under the control of the Christians and which were subjected toBaniMardneesh, where ended up by their departure from Andalusia and their evacuation to Africa.The information of this research required to be divide into an introduction, preface, three chapters, a conclusion, and supplements.The preface includes the indication of the general situation in Andalusia until the late era of Murabiteen, and which led to the outbreak of revolutions in various regions of Andalusia, which were subjected to Muwahideenlater, except the areas that were under the subjection of BaniMardneesh. The first chapter dealt with the descent of BaniMardneeshand their social status, and contains two sections : Section I studied the descent of Banimardneeshand if they were from Arab tribes, or the origins of Christianity, also addressed the origin ofBeniMardneeshappellation and the reason for it. The seconddealt with their social status.Chapter two discusses the political role of BaniMardneeshin Andalusia,and divided into three sections : The first dealt with the political relations of BaniMardneesh with Murabiteen, starting from their first appearance on the political scene, and till the fall of the state ofAl - Murabiteen. The second section has included political relations ofBeniMardneeshwithMuwahideenboth during the period of independence ofBeniMardaneeshin their princedombuilt in the east of Andalus, or when they were subjected to the authority ofAl Muwahideenand work with them later. The third section dealt with the political relations ofBeniMardneeshwith the small Christian states.Chapter III focused on the military role ofBeniMardneeshin Andalusia, and divided into three sections : The first studiedthemilitary relations ofBeniMardaneeshwithMurabiteen. The second dealt with the military relations ofBeniMardneeshwithMuwahideen. The third section, dealt with the military relations ofBeniMardaneeshwith the small Christian states, and what was between them such as military confrontations, or alliances and reconciliation.The Conclusion has reviewed the most prominent findings of this study on the history of this family, and its political, military and social roles and status. And the supplements included two pictures forthe gravestone of the daughter of Saad bin Mohammed Mardneesh., and the second picture is for AlmardnishiDinar and the inscriptions on both of its faces
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واقعة فخ سنة 169هـ اسبابها ونتائجها

Author name: محمد عبد الرضا شنيتر العذاري
Supervisor name: نعيم دنيان عبيد الغراوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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تطور النقود الاندلسية واثرها في الحياة الاقتصادية 92 - 897هـ/711 - 1492م == Develoment Of Andalusian Crrencies And Their Impact On Economic Life (92 - 897 AH / 711 - 1492 AD)

Author name: زينب يوسف غلام الاركوازي
Supervisor name: صباح خابط عزيز سعيد الحميداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After the study which was entitled " development of Andalusian Currencies and their impact on economic life 92 - 897/711 - 1492), there are some points to be mentioned : - Arabs in Andalusia during the Islamic conquer, kept the Byzantine currencies, which included Christian inscriptions, signs and symbols, in accordance with the policy of intolerance adopted by Arabs in dealing with nations they conquered. - During the Emirate era, Emir Abdurrahman Al - Dakhil kept only currencies used during his entering Andalusia in use. - During the Caliphate era, the first new golden currency emerged in Andalusia in the reign of Caliph Abdurrahman al - Nassir the Third in (316 H - 928 AD) once he announced himself a Caliph on Andalusia. From that time till the end of the Umayyad reign in Andalusia the names and titles of Umayyad Caliphs were put on the back of the currencies beside the name of the monetizing house and the year. After the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia became weak about (400 H - 1010 AD), Andalusian governors started monetizing their own currencies, many of which were of Umayyad design to an extent that some Emirs monetized currencies with names of ex - caliphs whose reigns were ended long before. - Kings of Taifas during their era put their names and titles on the currencies most of which were parts of dinar which were monetized with bad type of gold. This revealed the worse political and economic state then. - During the Almoravids era, Andalusia witnessed some progress in monetizing currencies. The Almoravids currency was important to an extent that it was not only used in Andalusia, but in all other states. It acquired the trust of merchants and currency dealers. - During the Almohads era, their currency was characterized by its angled or squared shape and of high value, particularly the Mu'mini dinar, after the name of the Almohads' caliph Abdul - Mu'min bin Ali. - During the era of Bani - Nasr (Sultans of Granada) the most important feature in their currency was the motto (No Conqueror but Allah - Granada). - Andalusian determined the exchange rate of currencies in markets. - The authority was interested in monitoring markets and putting an end to currency forgery and manipulating them by appointing a market administrator (Muhtassib) who was responsible for all affairs in the markets; trading, production, and monitoring goods prices in markets and determining them to suit poor sects
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اثر علماء المغرب في الحياة العلمية ببلاد الاندلس في عهدي المرابطين والموحدين 484 - 668 هـ / 1091 - 1268م

Author name: هند فاضل جمعة السامرائي
Supervisor name: نوال ناظم محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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ابن حبان البستي (ت354 هـ) منهجه وموارده في كتاب السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء == Ibn Hubban Al - Busti(Died In 354 A.H.) : His Methodology And Sources Of Writing In Al - Sira Al - Nabaiyya, And Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'A

Author name: نشات حميد جاسم عريمط المحمدي
Supervisor name: مرتضى حسن النقيب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كان اختيارنا لموضوع ابن حبان منهجه وموارده في كتاب ( السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء ) لما له من اهمية حيث يعد ابن حبان البستي من اعلام القرن الرابع الهجري واحد اوعية الزمان في العلم والثقافة الموسوعية في اوسع حدودها وازهى عصورها. حيث ياخذ ابن حبان البستي ا | The choice of the subject (Ibn Hubban methodology and sources of writing ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) is for the importance that Ibn Hubban Al - Basti. is considered one of the remarkable figures in the fourth A.H century and one of the vital vessels in religious science and encyclopedic culture of his time. Ibn Hubban Al - Basti has gotten this great importance in Islamic history because of his writings and works which were of great benefit to the past Arabic Islamic generations and are still useful for many people till now.The thesis is divided into three chapters, an introduction , and analysis of results that the researcher has reached with a list of the most important sources and references on which the researcher depends in writing the thesis , in addition to an appendix that enriches the study with some explanations The first chapter includes the history and life of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti (died in 354 A.H. /965 A.D. ) and it is subdivided into three sections.The first section deals with the history of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti , his name , surname , origin , ancestry, and his birth.We also mention something about Bust city in which he was born and grew up , the location of the city , historical importance , and its description by the historians. Then, we tackled Ibn Hubban's family, growing up, , seek for knowledge, and death. The second section includes the scientific status of Ibn Hubban and the opinion of (ulama) in his history. Ibn Hubban's journey to seek knowledge , the places he reached, people he got his knowledge from in each country are also mentioned. Finally , his works and publications are listed.The third section includes the problems that he faced , the troubles that he got through , and defense of the (ulama) for his personality. His teachers as well as his disciples are mentioned in this section. The second chapter includes the methodology of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti in his book ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)). This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part introduce the readers to the book , this in turn includes the title of the book, the status of his work among texts of Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and the causes for writing this book. The second part contains the general organization and size, as well as explanation of the elements of the book.The third and last chapter reviews source material of ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya ,and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) and the most important narrators to whom Ibn Hubban listen to write his book. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section includes the most significant sources of narration in Al Busti's book, Quran verses, the Hadith traditions , the poetry quotes including Prophet Mohammed's events , and the beginnings of the Islamic da'wah. The second part includes the narrators who pied coup Ibn Hubban historical stories in the book.The conclusion of the study includes our findings about Ibn Hubban Al - Busti and his biography , stories and methodology in the sira.
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دور الاسرة البويونية في تاريخ مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية (492 - 525هـ /1099 - 1131م) == The Role Of The Bouillons In The History Of The Crusader Kingdom Of Jerusalem (492 - 525 A.H/1099 - 1131 A.D)

Author name: امير محمد حيدر الطائي
Supervisor name: ليث شاكر محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: By the end of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar, the Islamic world had witnessed a major turning point over the crusader invasion of the center of the Islamic world. The campaign succeeded in establishment of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 429 Higri/ 1099 AD; Godfrey of Bouillon had led the crusaders, and the Bouillons had the big contribution to the success of the first crusade since its launch (489 - 492 Higri/ 1096 - 1099 AD), until the crusaders took over Jerusalem in 492 Higri/1099 AD. The Bouillons endured the burden of defending crusade interests and fixing pillars of the crusade existences in Levant for two centuries.The dissertation has been divided into introduction, five chapters, conclusion, the references list and annexes.The first chapter addressed the situations of Europe and Islamic world in late of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar. The second chapter addressed the role of the Bouillons in the First Crusade. As for third chapter, it addressed the relationship of Crusader Kingdom with Fatimid State, Seljuks, and The Byzantine Empire. And the fourth chapter addressed the political, administrative, religious and military systems. As for the fifth chapter, it addressed the social and economic life in the Crusader Kingdom.Godfrey's ruling lasted for one year only (492 - 493 Higri/ 1099 - 1100 AD), therefore, we cannot evaluate his era nor understand his strategy. However, Godfrey's effective role to the success of the first crusade, was the reason of selecting him as a king of Jerusalem, and crowning him after defeating the Fatimid in Ashkelon battle during the same year.Baldwin I of Jerusalem (493 - 511 Higri/ 110 - 1118 AD) is the first real founder of the Crusader Kingdom. the kingdom was greatly expanded in his era. He took over the cities of Arsuf and Caesarea in (494 Higri/ 1101 AD), Acre in (497 Higri/ 1104 AD), Tripoli (502 Higri/ 1109AD), Beirut (503 Higri/ 1110 AD), and Sidon in (504 Higri/ 1111 AD). His strategy was to link the crusade kingdoms with Western Europe through the Mediterranean Sea, the new king succeeded to reach that end with collaboration from fleets of the Italian cities.Reign of Baldwin II (511 - 525 Higri/ 1118 - 1131 AD) is regarded a continuation of the Baldwin I. The crusaders, during his term, could take over the city of Sour in (518Higri/ 1124AD). Political, administrative, social, religious, and economic laws and regulations began to shape very clearly.Thus, the Crusader Kingdom became a major power in the heart of the Islamic world, and a real risk to the Levant and Egyptian cities.
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دور رجالات الشيعة في ادارة الدولة العباسية حتى سنة 334 هـ / 945م == The Role Of Shiite Men In Administrating The Abbasid State Until 334 H / 945 AD

Author name: فلاح عبد عبادي الكعبي
Supervisor name: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Shiite men played a major role in building the Islamic state through their participation in political, economic and social aspects of life. One of the most important aspects of life that Shiites played in was the political aspect, where they held significant and sensitive administrative functions in the Abbasid state as they had an immense role through running the said functions. This is what our study titled " The Role of Shiites in Administrating the Abbasid State Until 334 H/945 AD", has researched for reflecting the impact and participation of these men in the state administration.The current study has addressed the nature of the relationship between Abbasid power and Shiism, and indicated the attitude of the Imams of Ahlulbait (PBUT) toward work with the oppressive power, and the legitimate permission that Imams of Ahlulbait granted to work with the said power. Also this study has focused on how Abbasid state dealt with Alawite movement as Alawites and Shiites through murder, imprisonment, displacement, destruction of livelihoods, confiscation of land and money and attempts to wipe out Imams of Ahlulbaits' traces. Moreover, this study also has mentioned administrative functions that Shiite men held in administrating functions that Shiite men held in administrating the Abbasid state, as they held functions of a ministry, writing, discipline, and leadership of countries as well as stated administrative effectiveness that those men had and works that they accomplished.Besides, this study brought to light the ideological impact in the administrative performance of Shiite men through their endeavors to transfer power from Abbasids to Alawites, how the said men worked to protect Imams of Ahlulbaits and Alawites from murder at the hands of Abbasside powers, and how they worked hard to provide services for Imams of Ahlulbaits, their Shiites, and the public through provision of money, lifting the injustice, helping scholars and activating economic resources and its positive impact on people. Also, this study discussed how some Shiite men dragged to the governing power through snitching others in order to gain power and get closer to rulers, and how some supported terror that exercised by rulers and imitated them in extravagance and waste.Finally, this study tackled the fact that Abbasid rulers did not hesitate to employ Shiite men in the administrative functions for their efficiency. Also rulers could not dispense with them for their experience and capability to run the state affairs and turned a blind eye to being Shiite for their dire need to them especially at crisis times, but when situations settle down, they decide to get rid of such men through murder, imprisonment or isolation
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تطور منهج الكتابة التاريخية حتى القرن الثامن الهجري : كتب التاريخ العام انموذجا == The Evolution Of Muslim'S Historical Curriculum Until The Eighth Century Of The Hegira / The Fourteenth CE (Books Of General History ) Sample

Author name: نضال محمد قمبر
Supervisor name: جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study discusses the latest developments adopted by muslims in the field of general history. Starting with the development of the historical curriculum historic ok the beginnings of books forewords the evolution of the curriculum embedded in these books themselves. The group was selected from the history books that have reached us in full forms , Excluding those that lack substance. Because that the purpose of the study identify the origins of the evolution in the methodology of historical writing , So put a plan aimed at addressing this purpose, The study is divided to four classes. Chapter one follows the methodological development of the preludes of general historical books , And is divided to two sections. The second chapter begins the study of the contents of the general history books , The theme of this chapter the time distribution of historical material and divided in to two sections. The first section specialized is concerned studyn (size classification for historical eras). The second section comes on what type of historical material in various times. Chapter three deals with Methods of historians ; is the divided to three detectives. The first addresses the historical curricula in narratives , the second approaches to the attribution and sources , and the third focuses on critical curriculum. Chapter four considers the factors affecting trends in historical writing. through four detectives ; The first Searches the political factor , the second focuses on regional and national factor, the third discusses religious motivation, and the fourth on cognitive motive
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اللخميون ودورهم السياسي والاداري والفكري في الاندلس حتى نهاية عصر الموحدين (92 - 635هـ / 711 - 1237م)

Author name: دنيا وليد زاجي
Supervisor name: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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فلسفة وظائف اعضاء جسم الانسان : دراسة في فكر ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) == The Philosophy Of Human Body Organs Function Physiology A Study In The Thought Of Ahl - Ul - Bait ((Peace Be Upon Them))

Author name: حوراء محمد خلف
Supervisor name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This title studies one aspect of the scientific phenomena , that is , its philosophy and reason. philosophy dose not refer to the traditional definition (wisdom lover) , rather , it is brought here to identify the reason behind this phenomenon or in relation to our subject (The philosophy of Human Body Organs Function Physiology). In other word , the nature of this study is all about the reoson behind a specific organ creation in its shape and the consequences made by it in return and shedding light on the function each organ does specially with the fact that the job of these organs and their functions all work to gether regularly and completing each other.In result, this subject ,with its main concentration on the function of the organs , is not an easy matter, specially because it requires particular devices to examine the human body and until now it needs to the modern and developed tools ,to do that.The question here is how came to people to know this in a time when the minimum level of research tools were not available , what leads us to he fact that the knowledge of Ahl - ul - Bait Imams ( peace be up on them) is a self - origin knowledge , and this what makes this study different.Hence the importance of the study at hand because it aims to achieve inter alia : the first command : to prove and preaching to demonstrate the ability of God and his wisdom in his creatures. The second thing : scientific knowledge - based scientific benefit and the study of cosmic and moral facts, which are not related to a certain competence but Borbab all of science. The third thing : an ideological respect to proving the Imamate Ahlulbait them peace and possessing science that does not come only to those with knowledge of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family and him from Bari Almighty. This fourth : highlight and resolve many of the problems caused by the ambiguity of some scientific phenomena and the different interpretations and the disruption that.
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شخصية الرسول محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: ثائر هادي رسن العقيلي
Supervisor name: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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السياسة الخارجية لدويلات الطوائف 422 - 482هـ/1030 - 1090م == Foreign Policy Of The Stsates Of The Denominations 422 - 482A/1030 - 1090D

Author name: هنية سلمان عبد الحميد
Supervisor name: عصام كاطع داود الشويلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The foreign policy of the states of denomintion is cosidered one of the important subjects during its time as well as our current time.The dissociation and division systemized by externalforcas ,that we suffer from , is similar to what Andalus had passed through befor ,such as the asylum or most of the rulers of the states of denominations to the christion kingdoms to hit som of them ,or the asylum to the states of Morrocco. That left an empact of dissociation and lose on Andalus causing the recession of Islam and its full exit out of Andalus.Despite the differing opinions of historians and scholars of the history of Morocco and Al - Andalus since the opening until the fall of Andalusia for the emergence of a number of mini - states in Andalusia, ranging from eight to twenty - four mini - state, but we are dealing with in the search for the most important mini - states that played a major role in the history of Andalusia direction drawing foreign policy , in addition, we will arrange our study in this chapter Baldoellat starting with the most important role in foreign policy.The sacend chaptar deals with the foreign policy of the states of denominations toward the Spanish kingdoms and the effects of this policy of both the Spanish parties and the states of denominations.Since the Islamicconquest, the island of Andalusia was a home of parties that are different in religion, culture and ethnicity, including Muslims conquerors of Andalusia from Arabs and Berbers, and those who joined the Islamic State of Alsqalbh and Mauldinon one hand, and the Christians in the kingdoms of the north on the other.This policy did not stop at the level of conflict between these two forces, but it extended to friendly relations that produced foreign policyaway from wars.The relations of states of denominations were not only invasions and wars, but also included marriage, treaties as well as alliances between the Christians and the denominations. In this chapter we will discuss foreign study states sects direction of the Islamic Maghreb, but we must know the political forces that seized control of the Islamic Maghreb region, which coincided with the states denominations and the most prominent of these powers was the state stationed, as it is the elimination of several small political entities, a Berber tribes rule for each specific area of the Islamic Maghreb but Qzawa stationed on these small entities forming their own state (state stationed).
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فلسفة الاختيار عند الانبياء عليهم السلام == Philosophy Of Choice Of Profits ( Peace Upon Them)

Author name: ذكرى عواد ياسر
Supervisor name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This subject is taking care in the study of Philosophy or causes "The Philosophy of choice at the prophets "peace upon them ". The study is not for all choices at the prophets but only interested in part of these choices specifically the special choices. the sudden choices that effects and echoes not just in the time when they are occurs and happen but , also, for the future times and places , the choices that have impact and results. Our attention is on the choices at the prophets outside the divine commands of Alah " the God". Thus this thesis came out containing an introduction and for chapters and four chapters and conclusion. The introduction includes the concept of choices and its relation to the selection of the prophets and their preservation. The four chapters are follows : In chapter one include the title of the Philosophy of the qualified personal and their address of time and place. In chapter two include the study of the Philosophy of immense strategic, dimension and persuasive reasoning in time and place of choices. In chapter three include the social Philosophy and moral deterrent. In chapter four include the statement of Philosophy of evidence and in choices ideological and social logic
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التــوبة في المجتمع العربي الاسلامي حتى نهاية العصر الاموي : دراسة تاريخية == Repentance In The Arab - Muslim Community Until The End Of The Umayyad’S Era Historical Study

Author name: اسماء كاظم عباس المحمود
Supervisor name: رحيم حلو محمد البهادلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: That was a humble research about Repentance in the Islamic Arab society up until the end of Umayyad’s era, and we tried much as possible to bring together the repentance meanings through the terms and language, in the holy Quran and Hadith.The study has been divided into chapters, which Repentance represents the main object because of being from values and attributes that legislated by the holy books, and from the attributes that God has gave himself such name; he is Al Tawaab the many of compassion as known by Arabs before Islam which they sought to have it. And when Islam came, it is encouraged by the prophet to convert from infidelity, God has opened its door to the repentant sinners as well and encouraged by the verses of the holy Quran. It is also reported as an expression of remorse and to return back to the straightway and have varied throughout the Islamic ages because of moral decay, staying away of religion during the Umayyad’s era, and due to a perversion of Umayyad’s authority away from Islam principles considering the Succession as worldly property; their politics allowed people to swerve from Islamic religion away of what have been followed of Mohammed and the Caliphs.The Repentance has been used as an expression of remorse and to return to embrace the authority after the actions of insurgency that raised against it and also adopted as religious cover for their vision and disadvantages. They also counted the repentant as a repentant from infidelity or in sometimes used to make them giving false statements with infidelity against themselves in front of the people to misguide public opinion.There have been many ways for the repentant to declare their repentance and we know throughout this study that there are all kinds of honoring for the repentant; encouraging them to return to the way they deviated from and with that honoring, the authority owned those repentant and they became of their elite, close and preferred companions.
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الانصار ودورهم السياسي والاداري والفكري في بلاد الاندلس حتى نهاية عصر الموحدين (92 - 635هـ/710 - 1237م)

Author name: نور كاظم حمد
Supervisor name: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Ansar and their political and administrative and intellectual in the country Andalus from opening until the end of the era of combined (92 - 635 AH) The tribe Ansar of the most important tribes known to Islamic history in the Orient, Morocco and associated fame of what was their role in supporting the Prophet Muhammad (p) in spreading the message of the sky and if the researchers had Tnaulo Multi Ansar abundance in the Orient Islamic, but they did not mention the role of supporters in the country Andalus in detail, especially in periods of the first Arab rule the Islamic Andalusia and studies have focused Aoilk researchers on the state sons of Red (Khazraj) Other Arab rulers in Andalusia so we have seen that highlight the role of Ansar political and administrative and intellectual of the period of the Arab conquest of the Islamic year 92 AH until the fall of the state Unitarian 635 e have dealt mentioned during this time period, despite the length of the interdependence and interrelatedness of events among themselves and also in order to show the extent of developments that have occurred to the members of this tribe during this period of time.In order to show the importance of the role of this tribe have. Dividing this research to pave and three classes according to the scientific material available concerning our topic.Boot confined to mention Ansar and continued their homeland and their standing in the Muslim community and their role in supporting the Prophet Muhammad (p) and reminded us that in order to connect between their role in the Levant and the role that they had in Andalusia. Chapter One; The talk about the role of Ansar political and we divide it for several Detectives First research and talks about the role of supporters in open Andalus and Astqriham among themselves either search second is from (95 - 138 AH), and we have talked about their role in the era of the governors and their participation in the most prominent events and tribulations that revolved during that period, either the third section is of 138 e 422 e and talked about their role in it during the period of the Umayyad rule as mentioned Ansar supporters of Bani Umayya and who had a big role in that period. The fourth section 422 - 479 AH is talking about the role of the Ansar in the era of sects and their influence in the unification of Andalusia and Morocco and the defense of the unity of their country against an enemy of the Christian and speaks fifth topic for their role in the era stationed either sixth topic is talking about their role in the Almohad period 540 - 635. Chapter II speaks about the role of supporters in managerial life and also divided to several sections where we talked abcut the most prominent administrative functions assumed by Ansar during that period, such as the ministry and the office of the governor of the city, judges and other centers and prestigious positions in the state. Chapter III : And talking about Allansar role in the intellectual life and is further divided to several sections where we talked about the most prominent science that scientists excelled guardian of Ansar - science religious and transport, as well as linguistics and pure science such as medicine, engineering and so on
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المشروع الالهي في الخلافة والسقيفة == The Goddess Project In Al Khilafah And Saqeefah

Author name: جاسم حسن جابر الموسوي
Supervisor name: مصطفى جواد عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A viewer to the reality of the Islamic nation may notice the high level of problems that aggravate and statuses that decline till reaching the killing of its people to each others; giving themselves the right to shed the blood of others using justifications that are unauthenticated by any other law or convention on Earth. Being distracted and servile to their enemies and using fake fatwa, they claim the victims to be unbelievers. Despite the fact that the Islamic nation possesses the factors of strength and the bases of development on the level of human resources, wealth, geography, history, religious and knowledge system; there is a fundamental case and a central problem that makes it unable to arise and proceed. This problem is the main reason for all what the nation suffers and it is inculcated in the conscience and existence of the nation. It is the dispute that busied the nation and made it feeble to overpass to deal with any other problem till it rotted all its structure and killed it. From the depths of suffering, arise the visions and cures through the unification of standards to reach some satisfactory results. From here comes the causes and objectives of this study as an abstract, daring and objective refinement to the reasons of the fundamental dispute in the history of the Islamic nation, its present and future. The dispute is represented by the incident of 'Al Saqeefah' along with the regimes it established, and the associations and shades it provided which had its influences and effects up to date.The researcher worked on the unification of the research approach between the two disputed parties through what is agreed upon from what is said, done and authorized by Prophet Mohammed (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) along with the sound Soras of the Holy Quran for the purpose of standards unification and accept what agrees with them and reject what disagrees. The purpose here is to stay in line with the goddess project and not to give the judgmental projects a corona of holiness to show them in different pictures rather than their real pictures or to take them as religions and cut off any thought contradicting them. The researcher uses the analytic method for narrations and the accumulation of evidences for the incidents and subjects along with debate and conclusion. The researcher proposed his subject in three chapters; chapter one entitled 'The goddess project for the human being… its dimensions and goals; chapter two entitled 'Events pre - Saqeefah that is attached to Al Saqeefah incident' and finally the third chapter entitled 'The event of the martyr of Prophet Mohammad (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) and the events of Al Saqeefah. The researcher concluded that the event of Al Saqeefah is a judgmental project that did not go the same direction as the goddess project and did not follow the parameters of the goddess project. On the contrary, it established new visions that are different from the visions of the goddess project and did not follow the goddess method through the separation between the Holy Quran and 'Al Etrah'; the two factors recommended by prophet Mohammad to grasp them tightly according to the collective viewpoint of the Islamic nation. Furthermore, the event of Al Saqeefah did not establish a clear - cut methodology in terms of politics and authority neither in economy. Every Khalifa has his own judgment which was different than his antecessor's till eventually we reached to an armed conflict amongst the comrades. The conflict developed with the feed of the political and financial authority of governors. Consequently the nations divided into different nations and parties and into different intellectual and sectarian schools clashing and considering the results of Al Saqeefah a red unapproachable line, despite the fact it is merely a judgment of the mistaken or a mistake of a judging entity, which is void of any legal document or any attribute from the Holy Quran or Sunnah. It was merely a claim that Quraish has made a choice which is a good one! So, let us take what is agreed upon and work on it and forget about our disputes and let us forgive each other because we cannot make any step forward unless being unified.
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السيدة فاطمة المعصومة عليها السلام : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: نازك نعيم عبد الحسن البهادلي
Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The research has tackled her majesty - alsayda Fatima Almasomma - from a historical point of view. Actually it likes any biography belongs The Prophet Mohammad 's Family since it necessarily illustrates a part of The Islamic Message and the pure religion of Mohammad. The importance of this research comes from it has tackled the life of a lady had a respected place among the Prophet 's sons. It is Alsayda Fatima Almasomma - the daughter of The Imam Mose Ibn Jaffar Alkadhim ( peace be on them ) and a sister to Imam Ali Aladha ( peace on him). The significance of this lady comes also from the fact that she represents an evidence for the Abassian tyranny against The Ali race and especially against the thought which represented the leadership. This tyranny which started fristy from the Imam himself and his close relatives and lastly to further person believed in this thought even if. It seemed suitable to divide the research plan into four chapters , an end and appendixes , the first chapter contains four search focus in which we have tackled the family race of alsayda Masomma , her name , sure name and the titles she had acquired because these topics has got many signs to ensure the high position she were in among The Ali Family. In the second chapter , we have searched the social affair. It composed of two parts - one to explain the social position and about Masomma 's brother who had been rejected as well as those who had been highly appreciated depends on the sure tales which were narrated on the leaders (imams) while the other is signified for the position of Alsayda Mosomma and what she acquired of care by the leader recommended (Almasomain ). The search is also tackled why she was unmarried. The third chapter has tackled the scientific position for Alsayda Mosomma. It contains three points of view - one searched on the woman and the tales narration , it also explained the condition which had affected on the woman tales narration. while the second studied Mosomma and the science , the tales she has told and spread by the narration schools on several Islmic doctrines. the latter is focused on the studing of Alsayda Mosomma in the tale and man (biographical)books.. The fourth chapter has tackled the political events that Alsayda Mosomma lived in. It composed of two parts - one tackled The Alwain emigration and explained its reasons and results , the other studied the emigration of Alsayda Mosommato Khorasan and the reasons which made her leave Almadadiana and went to Persia , her arrival to Qoom city and her highly explained the glorious place she is in
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تاريخ الرسل والملوك لمحمد بن جرير الطبري مصدرا لدراسة سيرة الامام علي عليه السلام : دراسة نقدية تحليلية == History Of The Apostles And The Kings By Muhammad Ibn Jarir Al - Tabari A Source To The Study Of The Biography Of Imam Ali (PBUH)

Author name: ياسمين سالم مطرود سند
Supervisor name: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is an endless sea that no one find its coasts. His followers and supporters wrote about him but did not give him what he really deserved. His enemies also recognized his unable to describe him. for he was as described by prophet Mohammad (PPBOH) where he addressed him " Ali , no one knows me except Allah and you , and no one knows Allah except me and you " There for , nothing is left to add to the importance of this great figure after all the many studies about it not only in history but also in politics , literature , philosophy , philology … etc.Biographies of many important Islamic figures were not correctly and realistically introduced because that information provided in the primary sources of history was not correct due to the deviation and change that the recording of history witnessed as is was directed by the wants and inclinations. Thus that recording changed and mentioned events that did not really exist. The result was a fake history.Imam Ali , the soul of immortal Islam , was main target of such intrigues and forgery. since the application of Islam did all their best to insert and distort the old and the new in this history As a result the error became the standard and the correct disappeared and for some people the correct accounts became something odd. So, there is an insisting need to purify our history of these baseless and incorrect accounts. This study is an attempt to treat such cases and a kind of contribution to this great project. The researcher chose to study Date of the Apostles and the Kings by Muhammad ibn Jarir al - Tabari source to study the biography of Imam Ali (PBUH) had a high statue and his Book was considered as the real Islamic history. we would not exaggerate to say that all who studied and are studying any topic in the Arabic Islamic history till the beginning of the 4th hijri century should behind success and fame of this book were that he collected before him in this single book whereas the other scholars distributed their efforts and materials in different books. consequently , his book remained and theirs were lost or their value was reduced. Besides , his students copied and saved his books because of his high scientific statue. A research should be conducted about this book to answer questions about its significance and how much the historical information mentioned in it is trustworthy. generally , the book contained interesting and serious religious and political historical events.this study attempts to criticize and analyze the texts that were stated in Al Tabaris book about Imam Ali and comparing them with the real history as stated in other sources. The accounts are also criticized and analyzed to falsify all that cannot be accepted in them. Them , the study sheds light on that book to see what history it has introduced as true and as untrue.The study is dividing in to an introduction three chapters and conclusion.the first chapter " imam Ali and his role in life of the prophet Mohammad (PPBUH) " in clouds two sections. The first section emphasizes some important events in the life of the Imam in mecca. section two deals with what the imam witnessed during his life after the death of the prophet till his rule as a khalifa the first section of the chapter discusses the events that the imam witnessed during the era of Abu Baker whereas the second one dealswith the most important questions that the imam witnessed during the era of Omar Bin Al - khattab The third section is a study of the events that the imam witnessed during the era of Othman Bin Aafan. Chapter three studies the events during the rule of imam Ali Bin Abi Talib (POBUH). In the First section of this chapter , the researcher studies the life of the imam from his homage till the Battle of Al - Gamal.section two is about the battle of saffeen. section three tackles the events that Al - Tabari mentioned in his book from Al nahrawan battle till the death of the imam. The most impotant can clusions that the study has arrived at are : Al - Tabari was not honest as a convegor of the historical material. He took from kooks of some authors and he mentioned their names but what he took was not the real product of those authors and manipulated the matirol to show what he wanted to show in his book. We found out in this study that Al - Tabari wrote a special book about the speech of Ghadeer khum in two big volumes , but unfortunately this book was lost. Al - Tabari was not neutral in conveying all the news that were related to a single event as it was expected. Rather , he was selective and chose some news and not the others though those others were agreed a pon.* Al - Tabari neglected the details of the correspondence between Mu, awia and mohammad Bin Abi Bakr when the latter was the ruler of Egypt. Those correspondences shed light on many historical events including aspects in the life of imam Ali.* Al - Tabari was submitted to the pressure of the public opinion in mere then one situation which reflected that he was influenced by a certain political trend or a certain wish or flattery or fear.As an example of this , he confessed that he neglected much of the news that were mentioned in many references about the conflict between Abu Dharr Al - Ghefari and Othman bin Aaffan and Mu,awia and his dependence or the tale of the so - called excusors only as represent by Saif bin Omar. But when he referred to the news that were against the enemies of Abu Dharr Al - Ghefari , he said that they were very news and he hated to mention them. this selectivity had great negative effect on his book " History of prophets and Kings ".*The book " History of prophets and kings " was considered as a reliable source for many of the historians after the time of Al - tabari. Most of them found it enough to depend on this book and very rarely they added to it like Ibn Al - Atheer , Ibn Katheer, Ibn haldun and others who limited them selves to what Al - Tabari selected of the cirtical and important situation that need more research and investing including the life of Imam Ali It is book was considered as the only outlet though which the lies of Siaf Bin Omar passed to the books of Islamic history. Further more , Al - Tabari adopted trans ferring some narratives and not the others. He claimed that the narrators were responsible f what they mentioned and not him. However , the researcher believes that he also should be taken as responsible. * The study also found out that homage of Imam Ali was not forced on people. Rather , they were convinced and satisfied. Besides , the Imam sent his rules to the regions before and after the Battle of Al - Gamal and not only before that battle as it was mistakingly proved.
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معجم البلدان لياقوت الحموي مصدرا عن خطط البصرة واحوالها السياسية والاقتصادية من 14 - 132هـ / 635 - 749م == Yaqut Al - Hamawis Dictionary Of Countries : A Source On Basrah'S Plans And Its Political And Economic Conditions 14 - 621 AH / 635 - 1224 AD)

Author name: احمد وادي صالح الموسوي
Supervisor name: مجيد ماجد محمد الزامل
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: To study the conditions of Basra civilization through books geographical and Albuldaniet in general, and through the book Dictionary of the countries of Yaqut alHamwi (d. 626 AH / 1229 AD) in particular, is the subject of study is of great importance because the book and its author well - known and known a lot among geographers and historians, as is obvious to a fame it enjoyed in medieval Islamic Basra, which still remain to this day. Adding to the importance of the subject use a lot of researchers of the book Dictionary of countries in defining and identifying the names of geographical places in the various university studies. It is during the course of the letter shows us that the article mentioned by Sapphire in his translations of the cities major Islamic is a substance variedand comprehensive study of the conditions of different conditions of these cities, and the most prominent cities of Basra, which occur Sapphire for their conditions of civilization the various centers in more often on the study of geography Basra and other cases their own, such as political, economic and other, and the source of his information on the visit comes through Mainath personal as it relied too much on the book Fattouh countries to Bladhira and others from other sources, and despite these advantages in the study of the conditions of Basra civilization, but I find some of the shortcomings encountered in substance Sapphire Basra on the conditions of civilization, and those issues that Sapphire is talking about the conditions of his time away from the historic era to see who wrote the Dictionary of countries and is the seventh century AH (615 - 621 AH), then it does not work on documenting his information through a series of this bond in the novel the necessary range historic run, but the remaining news for Sapphire Basra cultural conditions are important and valuable and precious, especially those which speak about the geography of Basra.We discussed the letter and chapters to talk about the geography of Basra to its importance for the study first and then we talked about the political conditions of Basra and then there was talk about the conditions of Basra Economic and physical, and dwell in her talk about the site of Basra and names, rivers and what was said in Basra of speeches, poetry and others, and the political situation we have studied the beginnings of the establishment of Basra, up to the end of the late Abbasid era, and As for the economicconditions and physical and we spoke about trade and markets and palaces in Basra and other attractions and other activities.For the sources approved by the message in the course we have here two books are important, benefiting Find a lot the first is a book study, (Dictionary of countries) of sapphire - Hamwi and the second is a book (Fattouh countries) for Bladhira, included the first book to talk about the conditions of Basra, cultural diversity and of the administrative, social and intellectual of Basra a truth information advantage by focusing on the geography of Basra from the terrain and climate and features of natural, such as mosques and thePalace is inclined, rivers, mountains, etc., as it dealt with the talk about the people of Basra and assets, as well as talk about the foreign elements that have provided Basra later, and also touched on the book to talk about the scientists and writers of visitors to Basra for the purpose of study and learning, which shows us the cultural development of Basra in Islamic times of successive, and the book (Fattouh countries) for Bladhira (d. 279 AH) is a valuable book talks about the news Fattouh, Basra and the geography and landmarks Urban, The significance of this book in the transfer of Sapphire for many of the stories and news from Basra about this book, as it is unique to the remembrance of news and stories, may not exist in other sources. The study found significant results on the conditions of Basra civilization of the most important that the accounts of the sapphire in this area minutes, especially those related to adjust the locations of places and places of geographical, as the Sapphire alHamwi was based in some of his novels on the book (the date of Basra) to Abu Yahya Zakaria Alsagii visual Shafei , which is one of the lost books that have not responded to us, as we came to an error to say that the Sapphire fanatic or sectarian in writing about cities andcountries, and finally say that the Basra study the conditions of civilization through the book Dictionary of countries is the study of simple and modest in the matter.
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روايات دلائل النبوة قبل البعثة : دراسة تحليلية نقدية == Tales Of Prophecy Evidence Before The Mission An Analytic Critical Study

Author name: اكرم سعود حاجم
Supervisor name: علـي غانم جثير
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The directories ( evidences) of the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (Allah’s blessing and peace be on him and his family) took an important space at the books of biography, We almost find them in all sources. But some scientists like Al - termthi , Bayhaqi , Abi Naim and al - Mawardi and others, have classified private books about the subject, named Indications (Dalaa’l ) or Flags of prophecy (A’laam Al - neboua’) - Discussed those particular directories - most of these books had just listed those recitals randomly without analysis or verification of authenticity. Their main task was to collect and save what was stated in the effects, and the ways in which and through it the recital had arrived, they sent us the historical material as raw material, leaving the task of investigation, analysis and investigation to the historians who come after them. We notice that these directories came into two sections : the first section of which was before the mission ( the Prophet’s mission),The second section was then ( after the mission ), and here we are to study the first section which relates to what it was before the mission ,to focus and highlight on the basics and the possibility of occurrence. In the most recitals about the Prophet's life before the mission was generally little , compared to what is stated for his life later. They talk about the long intervals of his life , but did not hear what was between - his birth to the revelation ( The Divine inspiration) - only a small fraction, and was what it relates of indications ,and much has been classified under this Title - The indications of the prophecy - have combined under a lot of news and stories that need to be screening to know and distinguish the strong or correct recitals from the weak or wrong recitals in the statement of the biography of the most important and the greatest man in history. The work in this research is to examine what came in the recitals about the indications of prophecy before the mission from different aspects, and trial the recitals that fall under this heading to what is in our hands from supporters or opposition, hoping to reach the result produced convincing us the results of this study.This search contained an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion. In Introduction we explain the importance of studying the Prophet's life and the nature of knowing its historical sources, which recitals have listed without analysis or merely simple comments do not fit the importance of the subject.Especially those which related to indications of prophecy before the mission, and then explained the way in which we will deal with recitals. After this Introduction , the first chapter ( Al - Bisharaat), in it we have begun to determine the topic of the research and then we divide it into three sections : In the first , we discussed the indications to the prophets that another prophet will come ( prophets’ Bisharaat) , while addressing the second part the indications to the people of the book that another prophet will come (people of the book’s Bisharaat) and the third part handled the Arabs monotheists ' Bisharat. The second chapter ( The visions and The predictions of soothsayers) which is also on the two themes : The first topic singled with visions, while the second section dealt with predictions of soothsayers. Chapter three ( The Miracles and AL - irhasaat) , was in two sections ,the first dealt with Miracles that may be were before the prophet’s mission and the second dealt with the Prophet's Miracle ( AL - irhasaat) - . Then we proved in the Conclusion the observations and the results that came out of research on these directories.In all cases, the conclusions of the historical researcher remain just relatively Facts. We ask Allah that we have been successful in the raised and discussed. Praise be to Allah, God of the Worlds
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العثمانية : دراسة تاريخية في الاتجاهات السياسية والميول الفكرية حتى سنة 60هـ

Author name: عبد المنعم عبد الجبار علي جعفر
Supervisor name: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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النبي ابراهيم الخليل (عليه السلام) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية == The Prophet Abraham In The Holy Koran

Author name: حيدر حسين حمزة سلمان الشريفي
Supervisor name: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: There is no doubt that Koran is one of the historical sources whereas every thing mentioned is true no thing but true. therefore , we have based on the Koranic texts to study the character of the prophet (Abraham) (God's blessing and peace be upon him). The study included four chapters : - In the first chapter , we have studied the prophet (Abraham) father's name , whether it is Azir or Tarih ? we proved that all the prophets' fathers (God's blessing and peace be upon them) were monotheists , no one of them was a polytheist , also we clarified that " Abuladhiayf " and " Abualbusharatain" are two of his epithets.In the second chapter , we have mentioned his many attributes , whereas he might be the prophet who holds the most attributes , who was afflicted by God in many issues , the preferred friend of his God , the groaned who feared his God in all conditions , the patient who handled the difficult issues with patience , the repentant who invoked God a lot , the good example to other prophets , the veracious not the liar as what was declared that "he lied three times " ? , the sincere and the loyal to his God who was very hospitable to his guests and the prayer who was praying a lot. He was calling people to worship God by performing prayers and asking God to keep him away from idols worshipping and sedition , make people hearts take the side of his progeny and asked God the repentance for him and his parents.We have proved the incorrectness of some of what was attributed to him such as (fear , apprehension and devoutness) by stating that he was sent by God and that intended fear is in the human self and exists in every human being.In the third chapter , we have stated that the prophet (Abraham) was in a good social standing otherwise , how could he married two wives , one lived in Kan'an and the other lived in Mecca. In the fourth chapter , we have stated that the year of his death wasn’t mentioned in the holy Koran but there was a mentioning in the Koran refers to the prophet's (Abraham) will for his sons and grandsons to keep believing in the religion of fathers and forefathers which is religion of Islamic. The second chapter : the progeny of the prophet Abraham We have discussed the subjects of the progeny , its definition and the Koranic verses which stated the concept of progeny , thus , we have divided progeny into two types : good and bad The good progeny are the prophets , sons of Abraham such as Isaac , Esau , Jacob , Josef , Moses , Jesus , Elia , Eliash , Lot and Mohammed (God may bless them ).While the Koranic expositors mentioned no names of the bad progeny and what we have found "transgressors who make mischief and act wickedly on the earth " only. In the view of the fact that the wife is the base for the progeny , therefore we studied Sara 4 and we stated that some of her attributes are performing prayers , giving birth after menopause and also we stated how she buffeted her face after knowing that she was pregnant. Hajir , was the woman whom the prophet Abraham brought her to Mecca to build the Kaaba and perform prayers , therefore she wasn’t the bondwoman as described by the weak - minded who don’t follow proof. By Koranic evidential verses , we have stated many times that his sons are Isaac (the sacrificed - who was about to be slaughtered by his father Abraham as a sacrifice to God) , prophet Esau ( the promising in science ) and Jacob was the grandson of Abraham , thereupon his will of Islam was for them. Furthermore , we mentioned the subject of the descendants of prophet Jacob because they are the progeny (descendants) of Abraham and their father is prophet Jacob.Moreover , we have clarified the concept of descendants , progeny (followers) and the Shiites from his posterity and we stated that they were the Muslims who followed and imitated him and his way of worship , and the worthiest person who has the right to inherit prophet Abraham is prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny).The third chapter : - Faith of Abraham's father and his people.In this chapter , we studied the subject of Abraham's father's faith , we stated how he argued with his father about his peoples' idols , describing these idols and asking God's forgiveness to his father for not abandoning his people's idols.Also , we referred to proofs refers that the prophet Abraham's father was a believer basing on what were mentioned in the Koranic texts , and we mentioned that all the prophets' fathers are virtuous and purified and not disbelievers.In the subject of his peoples' faith , we mentioned the kinds of deities they had such as idols , images and gods , moreover , we described these deities , their inability to speak where they can't talk , hear , see , help and harm. At the end of his mission , the prophet started to dispute them , when he found that they would not understand him , he destroyed their idols to let them see the fact that their idols are incapable even to defend their selves , consequently they build a high building , piled up wood and burnt him but the God's almighty saved him. The fourth chapter : - prophet Abraham's faith In this chapter , we proved with evidences that he was a Muslim and was believing in God (Allah) , doomsday and Day of Resurrection. then we stated the meaning of uprightness (Hanafiah ) and upright ( Hanafi) , we said that it’s the religion of Abraham which is ( worshiping Allah , staying away and abandoning polytheism , and he is innocent from being a Jew (on the religion of Judaism ) or a Christian (on the religion of Christianity) but he is a Muslim (on the religion of Islam ) Moreover , we stated that the uprights are the people who abandoned their people's belief , idols worship , eat dead animals and submit sacrifice for idols , warn people not to kill the female infants , who said that we worship the God of Abraham and started to dishonor their people for not worshiping God. In addition to that , we clarified that there was a connection between all religions and we said that the prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny) was on the religion of Abraham.We mentioned in this chapter that he is the obedient slave to Allah , he immigrated by the order of God to the blessing land - Mecca - and his worship to Allah is a worship by nature.We mentioned that he is the disputer prophet who defended prophet Lot and his people , he was described as the prophet whom God sent down books to him and we mentioned what were cited in these books from verses , parables and wisdoms and we stated that it is a self - purification from doubts by performing worships. Further more , we indicated to the prayer , we said that it is the base in all religions and this religious duty was performed by the prophet according to what was mentioned in Koran and Torah. While the Imamate of the prophet was the last thing sent down by Allah to Abraham after praying and invoking Allah. Because of its importance , we said that the prophet wasn’t content with Imamate for himself but he asked it for his progeny and he was the first prophet who held this basic element (Imamate).In the end of this study , we revealed the more illustrated results which are : his father wasn’t a disbeliever but a believer , he is the most attributed prophet in the holly Koran , he was asking a lot God's forgiveness to his father , he disputed with his people about their idols revealing to them that they hear , see , harm and help nothing.He was the first prophet who destroyed his people idols and his religion was Islam
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رؤيـة ابن منظور للامام علي بن ابي طالب (صلوات الله عليه) : دراسـة فـي معجـم لسان العـرب == Ibn Mandhour'S Own Vision Of Imam Ali Bin Abi - Talib "God'S Prayers Be Upon Him ( A Study In Lisan Al - Arab Dictionary

Author name: قصي عبد الصمد عبد الحي ياسين
Supervisor name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Research deals with the vision of Ibn Mandhour to Imam Ali Bin Abi - Talib " God's prayers be upon him ". The Dictionary is marked by being rich with information as it consists in a lot of sciences and data that covered many ages of the life of the Arabs, which reflects a lot of aspects the development of Arabic Language and the life of the Arab Society in those remote age. Therefore, Ibn Mandhour a Kind of comprehensive encyclopedia that helps the researcher not seek another books in Arabic language. The book included information about many respective persons like Imam Ali Bin Abi - Taleb. Ibn Mandhour gave a lot information about Imam Ali. From this fact, the present study gains it's importance as it is interested in the philosophy of Imam Ali, who is a famous pioneer thinker, i.e, Ibn Mandhour and his vision of Imam Ali. The study has covered many human aspects of the character of the life of Imam Ali. The study is equally interested in the character of Ibn Mandhour, in whom researchers showed no interest. The study shows that the writer proved knowledgeable and his work covered different types of science. The Study is consist of an introduction with a title : Ibn Mandhour and Lisan Al - Arab Dictionary, plus four other chapters and a conclusion that contains the results the researchers got it finalized by a list of source books. The Title of chapter one is : description of the biography and it's Reflection in the thought of Imam Ali. Chapter Two : Description of the political situation and the Response of Imam Ali. Chapter Three : Description of the Diagnosis and Remedy in the Thought of Imam Ali. Chapter Four : Description of Leadership and Direction in the Thought of Imam Ali.
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روايات اهل الكتاب للسيرة النبوية (حتى عهد البعثة) == Tales Of Book People Of Prophetical Biography Till Age Of Mission

Author name: مخلد ذياب فيصل الجبر
Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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نشاط المراة الاقتصادي في صدر الاسلام والدولة الاموية

Author name: احمد ميسر محمود السنجري
Supervisor name: نجمان ياسين عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: This research which is entitled “The Economic Woman Activity at the beginning of Islam and the Ummayad State” deals with exploration of the extent of female contribution in supplying the total economic activity during the period of the beginning of Islam and the Ummayad State. This period had witnessed the optimal application of Islam principles and its noble values. Also, it witnessed the formulation of the Arabic Islamic economy according to Arabic Islamic concepts. Therefore, we must regard the female economic contribution as a very important matter as it gives an integrating image of the evolution which occurred to the Arabic Islamic economy which we cannot have a complete image without the Female side being clear and understood.The research ‘vas divided into four chapters, the first deals with Arabic woman economic activity before Islam in the fields of commerce, agriculture, rural and vocational which is import because the Arabic lad is the environment in which Islam has emerged and brought up. Its people were the message holders for the whole universe and it is ordinary that our understanding of the nature of economy and the contribution of Arabic woman represents an approach which is vital to understand the how the consequent improvements formulated by Islam and the changes it brought about in the Field of female economic contribution specially, have occurred.Chapter two dealt with the display of the most important principles which Islam has brought concerning its dealing with the woman issue specially the regulation of her economic activities and works. Also, we explored the most important contribution of Arabic Muslim woman in this period as an example of for women in later periods as it is the begging of tile message period, thus it is regarded as the applicable and ideological bases of Islam principles by Muslim females.After that, we followed up the most important economic improvement especially female ones witnessed by this period like commercial and agricultural activities etc. We declared the extent of great economic activity carried out by Arabic Muslim woman in this period which is regarded as a pride recorded for the female economic contribution during that period and the later periods.Chapter three is devoted to the female economic contribution during AI - Rashideen Period which has witnessed great economic improvement as the Arabic Islamic wars to expand the Arabic Islamic State and repelling of the occupiers like Persians and Roman from the Arabic Land which after liberation were converted for the usefulness of Arabic Islamic people which contributed in the raising of standard living and the improvement of economy toward progress and prosperity and it is natural due to this, the female economic contributions In this period as it witnessed a real existence of the Arabic Muslim woman in all fields of economy as being a merchant, an agrarian, vocational struggler and example heroism, so, the Arabic Muslim woman was not half of the halted society but actually full of activity and effectiveness.Chapter Four explored the improvement which the female economic contribution has witnessed during the Ummayad period which was affected by the improvement of the Arabic Islamic economic improvement in general during this period and we have presented a number of examples which are compelling evidence on the extent of female economic contribution as there was economic field in which the woman did not participate during Limmayd period as her contribution was not marginal but a competition honor with her brother in all economic fields. Then the thesis ended with the most important conclusions.
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نور الدين الحلبي : دراسة تحليلية في كتابه انسان العيون في سيرة الامين المامون == Noor Al - Dean Al - Halabi And His Book "Insan Al - Oyon Fi Searat Al - Amean Al - Ma'Moon

Author name: دنيا عبد علي الشمري
Supervisor name: علـي غانم جثير
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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النشاط الاقتصادي في افريقية في ظل حكم الدولة الحفصية (618 - 932هـ / 1222 - 1526م) == The Economic Activity In Africa Under The Role Of Al - Hafsi State (618 - 932 A.H / 1222 - 1526 A.D)

Author name: ولاء لعيبي جلاب اسماعيل
Supervisor name: خضر عبد الرضا جاسم الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study aims to study the economic activity in Africa during the al - Hafsi age (618 - 932 A.H / 1222 - 1526A.D) The Summary in economic aspects of agriculture , industry and trade. The study has divided into three major chapters preceded by introduction and preface and then conclusion and summary.In chapter one that entitled as agricultural activity of al - Hafsi empire divided into three sections , the first one entitled as the natural elements that impact on Agricultural activity included the geographical features then the climate that helps on agriculture so largely in addition to water resources such as rains, current and non - current rivers , lakes , wells and others , while the second section is the agricultural harvest and its kinds includes the types of seeds ,fruit trees and another harvests with their places. Section three entitles as the animal and sea wealth such as cattle and sheep and classis of fish and their places.The second chapters entitles with the industry during the rule of Al - Hafsi state come with four sections , The first one entitled with the industry standards , while the second contains agricultural industries and its kinds in the sense of manufacturing the nutritional products like bread , oil ,..etc, plus to manufacturing productions then painting that considers as complement for making textile that give the color to textile and remove the blots , the third section is about non - agricultural most significant one is manufacturing ships ,boats , pottery , paper and other products plus to mining and extract metals and others industries that involve within governmental sector under supervision of government in addition to non - government industries , which means private sector.Finally the third chapter entitles as the trade growth during the role of Hafsi , with three sections , section one is about the eternal tracks the related with internal trade and the most important markets and their kinds also the common avoirdupois and measures at that time.section two entitles the external trade of Ahafsi state with Islamic and European states including the external tracks of trade and the relationship with trade countries and cities like Egypt and kings of southern sand and another also with European countries and cities , while the section three searched for the trade resources of Al - Hafsi state of outcomes and incomes with various types , in addition to customs that play a significant rule in growth the trade of AL - Hafsi state.
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معاوية بن حديج الكندي : دراسة تاريخية == Mu’Awiya Ben Hudaij Al - Kindey (A Historical Study)

Author name: هيفاء عليوي محيسن الساعدي
Supervisor name: خلود مسافر نعمة الجنابي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The character of Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey is one of those characters who took an important space as far as the historical events in the Islamic arena during the Radhie and Umayyad epochs are concerned. In spite of being one of the leaders who assumed the mission of conquering Egypt and Africa.He was the front most defender of the third caliph Othman ben Affan (Allah be pleased Him) in histroubles. He took the issue of avenging the death of Othman as he was one of his followers in Egypt. One of the reasons that motivated me to choose Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey because he had a great space that deserve meditation. His family and tribe had a role in the events as well as his grandchildren andsonsafter him through assuming adimintrative positions. I have faced a problem in speaking about Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey because of the rarity of the sources speaking about his, specially his birth and the information pertaining to his. The thesis is divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a Conclusion. Chapter One details the political situation of the age in which Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey lived through posing the political events the most important of which are : the Apostasy Movement, the Camel battle and the trouble that led to the slaying of Othman ben Affan, the Outlaws and the appearance of their movement. Chapter Two deals with the biography of Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey mentioning his name, nickname, geneology, life, companion and grandson with his attitude towards the family of Prophet (Peace be upon them), mentioning his attiude towards the murder of hajribnAdday Al - Kenddy. Chapter Three studies the military battles which Mu’awiya ben Hudaij AL - Kinddey has gone in the Rashdie Orthodox era and his conquest of Africa and role in killing in Mohammed ben abiBakr. The Conclusion includes the most important findings of the study.
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ال الاشعث وموقفهم من اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) == The Al - A'Shath And Their Position On The Ahlubayt

Author name: نور ضياء جعفر
Supervisor name: خضر عبد الرضا جاسم الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In this study reviewed the Al - A'shath and attitude of the people of the house of the prophet Muhammad , peace be upon them all has been shown through the study the following results : - - That the Al - A'shath bin Qais Canadian due to the descent to the tribe of kinda the Al - A'shath leader of his people and their m aster. - The Al - A'shath bin Qais of the leading entrants to the prophet Muhammad , Peace be upon him and his family from the tribe of kinda. - Al - A'shath bin Qias attempt to prophet Muhammad , Peace be upon him and his family attributed to him to eat bran murar so based on a grandfather prophet Muhammed , peace be upon him and his family , but the apostle replied in response to a beautiful and told him that he be longs to parents , not to moms. - The Al - A'shath was the most prominent apostate after the death of prophet Muhammad , may Allah bless him and his family and his people reflect on the inability of faith in God and the reflect on the inability of faith in God and the prophet of them. - The concepts of tribalism and ignorance are in control of the Al - A'shath and the main motivation for their actions towards Ahlulbayt. - Al - A'shath is the son of Qais from affiliates of companions of Imam Ali , Peace be upon him and his Loyalists , however, he sought to undermine the effort forward because of jealousy and Guelleh. - The Al - A'shath prominent standing next to arbitration and insisted on choosing A Sh'ari who still potent in addressing Amr Ibn al - As result of this non thoughtful choice there were serious consequences led to the emergence of the Kharijites and held state Arab - Islamic days succession of Imam Ali , peace be upon him to internal conflicts and tent consequences. - Taking envy and rancor of Al - A'shath bin Qais to heart as big shares in mamra to participate in the killing of Imam Ali , Peace be upon him by the son mg. - In addition to the deviations of the Al - A'shath what I did crumple girl Al - A'shath against Imam Hassan Peace be upon him , where toatet with his enemies to get back at him and was able to call it that betrays Jehodha for ward Hassan peace be upon him and hide in the same from him the ball. - The machinations of the Al - A'shath did not stop at this point , the descent improper arises atomic corrupt moving on perdecessors approach to the hostility of the people of the house was both Mohammed and Qais son Al - A'shath negative role in the revolution of Imam Hussein , Peace be upon him which was the first victim Ambassador of Imam Hussein and his cousin Muslim bin Ageel and then after hi, Imam Hussein peace be upon him he became a target. - Al - A'shath were the sons of those participated in the fighting of Imam Hussein , peace and robbed him and who took part in the procession to the Levant where stepper Cano of carrying warheads dishonest Fajlalon cursed history. - Was the Al - A'shath bin Qais wake Amtazoa ptqrabhm Strain of the pure Imams Ahlulbayt likes of Imam Al Sadiq and Al Kadhim and Al Raza peace be upon them result in chiahm their followers and people of the house they approach the peace. - Influenced by Jaafar bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath Imam Jaafer Al Sadiq and Imam Al Kadhim peace be upon them. - Taking Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath on his shoulder novel conversations people of the house known paljlaat which is transmitted from the people of the house exclusively. - It was Abbas bin Jaafar bin Mohammed bin Al - A'shath contact Imam Raza peace be upon him.
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المراة في كتاب الاصابة في تمييز الصحابة لابن حجر العسقلاني (ت : 852هـ/1448م) : دراسة تاريخية == Women In The Book Of Al - Esaba By Ibn Hajar Al - Asqlaani (D. 852 A.H./1448 AD) A Historical Study

Author name: نهاد نعمة مجيد الشمري
Supervisor name: وئام عدنان عباس النعيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The book of (Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) is considered as one of the most important writings in the study of the life of the companions. Women have also had their own share of attention in the writings of Ibn hajar Al - Asqlaani (D. 852 A.H./1448 AD). He tackled the biographies of women in some details. Throughout our observation of the biographies of women, we found that Ibn hajar has traced the life of women from birth until death, and all that is related to the religious, political, cultural and economic life. To him, the favor belongs in knowing the names of the culture of female companions in all the provinces of Islamic world through knowing their names, brothers, relatives etc. Choosing the topic is undertaken where women in all sphere of life in the first and second centuries AH. The necessary require dividing the thesis into a Preface and four chapters. The preface is a brief account of the age of Ibn Hajar Al - Asqalani and the statement of his political, economic, social and cultural status for knowing the effect of his historical writing. Chapter One is the scientific and academic biography of the author and divided into two inquiries. First we stated his biography, name, surname, birth, family and bringing up until death. The second inquiry tackles the scientific life of the author from the beginning of his acquisition which includes his tutors (Sheiyukh), his travels inside and outside Egypt, his travel to the Levant, Yemen and other regions. The inquiry also tackles his functions and scientific efforts. Chapter Two includes three inquiry : the first inquiry studies the book of(Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) and stating the importance and the value of the book. The second inquiry is devoted to the outline of the book which includes the style of Ibn Hajar in his book like references, repetition. Chapter Three studies the sources of Ibn Hajar which is divided into two inquiries. The first inquiry tackles the quotation from the source, and the second inquiry studies the sources of different religious sciences and historical writings. Chapter Four sheds the light on the public life ion four inquiries. The first inquiry concentrates on the missionary and jihadist role of women, the second inquiry on the scientific activity, the third on the economic role of women and the fourth is concentrates on the social and living of women like traditions of marriage, engagement, child rearing, etc. The study comes up to the following findings : 1. Ibn hajar Al - Asqlaani comprehended all the writings of his age. 2. Islam has cared for women and encouraged it to learn and consecrated for them many rules.3. He marked out the role of women in all aspects of life.4. The book of (Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) has done a great favor for the students of the biographies of the companions in the 1st century. 5. Our Islamic history is still in need for studies of the hidden treasures.
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موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

Author name: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
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الادباء ودورهم الاجتماعي في العصر العباسي في القرنين الرابع والخامس الهجريين == Literati And Their Social Role In Abbasid Age At Fourth And Fifth Hijri Centuries

Author name: ندى محمد عزيز
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study has specified on literati s and their social role in Abbasid age at fourth and fifth Hijri centuries , and it is historical and social study that reveals the different phases of their daily and personal life and its influences on Islamic community in general. The study stands on selective models of the most famous with wide reputation in Iraq and east Islamic states and Levant through the period of this study , who are so famous with their specific literatures , the dignity of their ranks and highness of their values, the study reveals their special position on writing poetry and editing wonderful discourses, and they have succeeded in the field of satisfied and acceptable dealing and correct guide with organized phrases and selective words.There are many reasons to study this thesis which are the close attach with humanitarian activities of nowadays society and another reason most of studies that dealing with Abbasid age in fourth and fifth centuries focused on the political and social upheavals that are likely to lead to disturbances and bloody conflicts and the social life of articles didn’t get enough study with only just few spots on their studies.This study implies three chapters starts with introduction and ends with conclusion and contains concluded results of thesis, and confirmed by main resources and references that are relied on this study.The chapter one contains “The community composition of literati s” that involves three sections , the first section reveals graces and sectarians which are the literati s belonged in, which are Arabic , Persian , Turkish and Romanian. The second section refers to the religious origin of literati which involves the Jewish , Christina , Sabean literati s and their influences on community, the third section deals with careers and crafts of literati which are coats and priories , writer , papermakers, teachers , doctors , businessmen and public career and craft.The second chapter deals with social traditions of literati and includes three sections, first section involves the clothes and their kinds and classes , the second section involves the eating behaviors and foods and drinks , the third section deals with social activities of literati and first one is about family life in affiance marital contract and child education and divorces of literati ,and also included the ceremonies and vacation in Ramadan month and Al - fitir Eid and Adhha Eid and Persian new Year's Day Destival day. The third chapter displays the (living life of literati) which included three sections , the section one is about the study of living life level of literati represnent by special , public and poor ranks, while the section two talks about the social moral of literati that includes the praise and indignity moral, the third section specified with social meetings that include the private and public literati’s meeting , and speaks about the method of entertainment such sports that restricted by chess , nerd and animal , and all the all success came from Allah
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نديم الباجه جي ودوره الاقتصادي والسياسي (1914 - 1976) == Nadim Al. Pachachi Economic And Political Role 1914 - 1976

Author name: نداء خضير مبارك الزيدي
Supervisor name: مؤيد شاكر كاظم مخيلف الطائي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Occupies study historical figures a place prominent, so it has received considerable attention by researchers in the field of history, from the premise that a person is a historic event maker and understanding of the circumstances and the nature of his intellectual and principles which security by an order of the utmost importance in the understanding of historical events that contributed to the manufacture, This interest shows clearly in academic studies in Iraqi universities, due to the characteristic of the modern history of Iraq and the presence of a large number of characters, which resulted in different roles, according to the circumstances of the personal privacy of the length of time lived. It is these characters Nadim Pachachi, who is Onmozja was able to combine economic and political spheres to serve the country, especially that of economic minds that have contributed to the founding of the pillars of the Iraqi economy and have seen progress in the period after World War II until the end of the monarchy in Iraq in 1958. The objective of the study to know the social roots of Nadim Pachachi and to clarify the economic and political activity, and to answer the questions that inspire students and those interested in ideas on contemporary Iraq, such as knowledge of the nature of the role of Nadeem Pachachi in shaping Iraq's economic policy, and his efforts in holding economic agreements with Arab countries such as Syria and Lebanon , and foreign countries such as Italy, as well as to identify the nature of the reconstruction policy adopted in that era, and his role in the Iraqi parliament, and what are the main achievements of his ministry that emulated and what his philosophy in oil policy presented by the Arab countries in his capacity as adviser to oil them, including Libya and Kuwait and Abu Dhabi, and its role in the Secretariat of OPEC after traveling outside of Iraq following the July 14 Revolution in 1958. This study consisted of four chapters and a conclusion and a set of appendices, as well as provided material that illustrate the importance of the message and determine the most important contents. The first chapter titled (birth and upbringing administrative and economic activity until 1952) was devoted to the study of Nadim Pachachi ratios, and the circumstances of the arrival of his family to Iraq until stability in Mosul, and then travels to Baghdad, social, economic and political role, as well as birth and upbringing, study, and Pena the administrative and economic activity early, passing through several economic positions he holds, and its role in contract agreements with Arab and foreign countries then held equally by oil profits agreement with foreign companies on February 3 1952. The second chapter I studied it (his involvement in the Iraqi ministries and his mandate) Nadeem Pachachi has served as the Ministry of Economy in the ministries of Mustafa Omari (July 12, 1952 - November 1952 23) and the Ministry of Nur al - Din Mahmoud in (November 23, 1952 - January 29, 1953) and highlighted the achievements of his ministry in the oil and agriculture, industry and trade sector, as well as taking in the Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of beautiful artillery seventh (7 May 1953 - 17 September 1953) and the most prominent achievements of his ministry Urban. He dedicated the third quarter which was included under the title of (his contribution to the Ministries of Nuri Said twelfth and thirteenth 3 August 1954 - 20 June 1957) to study the causes of Astaizharh the post of Minister of Economy and ministerial achievements marked by the development of industry, trade and oil, and find out the ways in which in his ministry to address the deteriorating economic conditions in the country. She studied in the fourth quarter (economic and political role June 20, 1957 - the end of July 1972) was devoted to know the helm of the Ministry of Economy and ages in the Ministry of the circumstances of Ali Jawdat Ayoubi (June 20, 1957 - December 14, 1957) and the achievements of his ministry, as well as finance minister in the ministries of Abdul Wahab Morgan and Ahmed Mukhtar Baban (15 December 1957 - 14 July 1958) and the achievements of his ministry, and then his experts and advisers oil to the governments of Arab countries, notably Kuwait, Libya and Abu Dhabi, and assuming the Secretariat of OPEC (1 December 1971 - January 1972) and the end of his activity and his death in 1976. Conclusion The study included the most important findings of the researcher scientific results in light of its contents, and I sought through supplements publishing important documents on the subject of the study.
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النساء في كتاب الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد (ت230هـ/844م) : دراسة تحليلية == The Women In The Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa By Ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC) Analytical Study

Author name: جلاء عبد الكريم خليفة
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by the author Ibn Saad (D. 230 A.H/844 AC) is one of the pride of Muslims which was composed the early movement which was in the process of authorship of the Islamic Arabic history (themes). What increases the importance of this book is the author’s (Mohammed ben Saad 230 AH/844 AC)ability to collect data and referring them to their source. The author cared for women to a great extent and detailed their lives and revealed all the aspects of their scientific, social and economic lives in addition the political and miliarty aspects. He consecrated a section entitled “Tabaqaat Al - Nissa.” The above has motivated to study of women which is regarded as the oldest documentation from the heritage. The necessity required to divide the study into three sections which include many chapters. It includes an introduction and a conclusion and a list and modern references. The first section : tackles the methodology of Ibn Saad (230/844 AC) ad his resources in tabaqaat books includes four chapters : Chapter one is a concentrated in the age of Ibn Saad in many aspects which characterize the Abbasid Caliphate during the period in which Ibn Saad had lived. Chapter Two includes two inquiries; the first is about the biography of the authors his name, nickname and surname and then birth and features and finally his death. While second is concerned with his scientific vitae starting from his travels seeking knowledge and his sheikhs and disciples and finally his writings. Chapter Three tackles the methodology of ibn Saad and resources in Tabaqaat Al - Kubra. Chapter Four tackles the methodology of ibn Saad in tabaqaat Al - Nisaa in five inquiries : the first inquiry tackles the basis of arrangement of Tabaqaat Al - Nisaa, the second tackles the scientific vitae of the women, the third tackles the methodology features of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa and the fifth tackles the sources of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa. The second section is devoted to the study of the women’s efforts in the book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubra in five chapters : the first chapter is devoted to the study of the sources of women culture in the era of mission; while the direct the narration of prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the third tackles the narrations about the prophet (PBUH) and other women and men in that age. Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of women in the service of historical narrations.The Third Section is a detailed study of the lives of women in general in Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa including three chapters; the first includes a comprehensive study if the social life of women. The second includes a study of the role of women in the call of Allah and the projection of religious, and the third chapter tackles themiliatry and political role of women through the following themes : the political attitudes of women and the proximateness of women to men in the attacks and wars.The study entitled “The Women in the tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC)” comes up to many findings such as : 1 - The book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubraais considered as a huge encyclopedia that includes the various aspects of life whethercultural, intellectual, social and economic and constructional.2 - The study gives an analytical perspective of the high ability of ibn Saad to criticize the texts concerning each character and employing them in the biography study. The biography appears complete from birth to death. 3 - The study showed the ability of Ibn Saad to understand the movement of Islamic history starting from the prophetic era for two centuries. 4 - The study proved the diligence of women to get knowledge of religion from their original sources.5 - Women were characterized form men in the era of mission in a high degree of accuracy and scientific honesty in the conveyance of the hadiths and the honorable prophet tradition in addition to being trustworthy in their narrations about the prophet (Peace be upon him). 6 - The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa has rendered a sublime service to the science of hadith and Sunna through the exposure of in addition to what Ibn Saad had added. Thus, the structure of the hadith has become complete. 7 - The study showed through the text which was mentioned by Ibn Saad in the era of mission the status of women and their features like honesty, integrity, bravery and frugality.In the end I wish I have been successful in conveying a clear picture about women in all the aspects of their cultural, scientific, social and economic and political lives according to the narrations of Ibn Saad that express his wide knowledge and his methodology and style.
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اخبار الامام الحسين (عليه السلام) في كتاب انساب الاشراف للبلاذري (ت279هـ) : دراسة مقارنة == Imam Al - Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him) In The Book Of Ansaab Al - Ashraf By Al - Balatheri (D. 279 A.H./ 892 AD) : A Comparative Study

Author name: نادية عبد اللطيف داخل
Supervisor name: عكرمة كامل محمد الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thank Allah almighty with goodness and blessing for his greatness and generosity and prayers be upon the best of prophets and messengers Abu Alqassim Mohamed Bin Abdullah and on Virtuous family. Allah Said (Allah wants to keep impure away from you the(Prophet )family and purify you).( )Yes purify them and make their likeness the way to approach Allah the almighty.It is well known the highness of Imam AL Hussein ( P B U H) and his great degree in spirits and minds of Muslims in all the times of Islam history.The greatness of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) accompanied by wide writing movement. Some of it takes the biography which are featured by the Muslim and non Muslim writers writings.Some modern studies approach to introduce the values of Al Hussein reawakening as expressional method in Islamic history. With all this greatness, expansion and variety, the critical and comparison sense method was absent somehow in this writing movement.The importance of this subject is that the revolution of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) is one of the most important revolutions that occupied the human thinking, because it was not normal event but important event in history.The historian whatever his believes and doctrine have to refer to it in brief or in details according to his point of view and to his thinking knowledge. If we look at all who wrote the revolution AL Hussein (P B U H), we find them felt little before its greatness except little individuals who their spirits full of hate towards the prophet family and sell their conscious by money and high positions.The subject of the research is Al - Balathery's (Ansab Alashraf) who lived in third century of Hijra. This century was one of the most flourishing times in Islamic history.The Arabic culture was flourished by appearance of greatest scholars and Al - Balathery was among them. Great historians appeared whose historic narration had matured since the time of the prophet and Ommiad age. Al - Balathery is well known historian famous in confidence, great knowledge, truth several travels. His book was taken by more than narrative historian who investigate it scientifically. We followed this book in the part of Ameer Almomneeen Ali bi Abi Talib (PBUH). When Al - Balathery mentioned the family of Aqeel Bin Abi Talib he tells the important information of Muslim Bin Aqeel and his role in Al Hussein revolution.For all these reasons I choose this book. It attracts me for what it introduced of information about Imam AL Hussein (P B U H), where I find the precise narration and enrich in in science As well as the confidence narrators and references. This gives me strong motive and great well in close this subject. The research and the researcher faced some difficulties because the subject of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) is not easy subject. Thus the researcher depends on Al - Balathery's (Ansab Alashraf) book basically ,then make comparison of Al - Balathery's book with other references that discussed the subject of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) revolution. That means the researcher puts Al - Balathery's book before his eye that reduced his free movement and study what theses resources contains. The other difficulty is to the difficulty to have other resources from public libraries because theses libraries faced robbery. I asked Allah help to remove these difficulties, thus I could perform The research (Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) in Al - Balathery's (Ansab Alashraf) book - (comparative study).The nature of the study necessity oblige the research be in introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The first chapter is about Al - Balathery and it is divided in three inquiries. The first inquiry is dedicated to study Al - Balathery character : his name, nickname, surname, family, growing, his scholars, his students, his travels, his writings and his death. The second inquiry is about Al - Balathery time, his method in introduce the subject of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H).The third inquiry is studying the scientific life of Al - Balathery.The second chapter is about the life of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) and his attitude from pledge of allegiance to Yazied. This chapter include two inquiries.The first inquiry studies the personal life of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H).The second inquiry studied the attitude of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) from the piece of Imam AL Hassan (P B U H) with Muaiaa Bin Abi Sufian and from pledge of allegiance to Yazied in his father rule.Third chapter is about Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) in Medina and Mecca. This chapter includes four inquiries. First inquiry is about Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) in Medina.The second inquiry discussed Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) travel from Medina to Mecca and the places he passed by. Third inquiry is about the correspondence between Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) and people of Kufa.The fourth chapter is titled (Murder of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) - Altaf Battle - . This chapter includes four inquiries. The first inquiry is about Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) travel from Mecca to Iraq.The second inquiry discussed Alhur Bin Yazied Al - Reahy in confront Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) and Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) correspondences with Kufa People. Third inquiry is about Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) in Karbala. The fourth inquiry is about murder of Imam AL Hussein (P B U H) in Altaf Battle.Then comes the conclusion which the researcher reaches to. It includes the brief of all the discussion of the research and it is followed by the resources and references.
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مدينة تونس : دراسة في احوالها السياسية والحضارية (296 - 981هـ/908 - 1572م) == Tunis City - Study In Its Political And Cultural States (296 - 981 A.H/ 908 - 1572 A.D)

Author name: منذر عطا الله شيحان الدليمي
Supervisor name: بديع محمد ابراهيم الكربولي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: The city of Tunis got a great position since it foundation in 84A.H./703A.D. and this made the city get the prior position where it became the metropolis of the country. The city had been founded to be the defensive center which enabled it to face Byzantine risk, so it was unattackable predominate against enemies attacks through the sea. Also, Tunis was the starting spot for Islamic Arab Armies, specially the navy. So Tunis became the coastal camp for Islamic Armies. Truly, it was the base of Arabic squadron in north of Africa, therefore, it became a navy harbor for Islamic Arab Forces and Navy Fleets. This importance appeared when the navy campaign was setting out.This thesis studies the political and cultural states of Tunis, in order to give a modest view about this city which was the second Islamic Arabic city after Qairwan in Morocco, where it once became the capital of Islamic Caliphate after the falling of Baghdad by Al - Maghol 656A.h - 1258 A.DThis study discovered many result : A - The study showed that the building of the city of Tunis firstly was for protecting Arab Muslims in in Qairwan and counteracting the navy attacks of Byzantine and get rid of their risks and at the same time, it became the Islamic Navy Harbour where the invasions setting out.B - The study discovered that the city of Tunis didn’t get enough attention when Al - Fatmeen were the princes of Africa because they looked to Tunis as a place of opposition for them. But this didn’t prevent from developing the city and flourishing in other aspects.C - The study showed that Tunis had exposed to many revolutions and invasions which led to destroy it for a period of time but it soon regained its force and raised and continued its political and cultural rules. One of these revolutions was Abi Yazid Mukhalad Bin Kidad in 333A.H., also the invasion of Bani Hilal and Bani Saleem tribes, and the revolution of Bani Ghaniya 600 - 602 A.H. It also exposed to the eighth campaign Crusades in 668 - 669 A.H. After that, Abin Marzoq Al - Misayli had dominated the city and occupied it for a period of time 681 - 683 A.H. Also the city exposed to the Al - Marini occupation in 748 - 750 A.H.D - The city of Tunis became independent princedom during Bani Kharassan and it began developing and flourishing, after the destructions and ruins which Qairwan faced because of the invasion of Bani Hilal and Bani Salim
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عمران بن شاهين امير البطيحة ودوره السياسي والعسكري مع البويهيين == Aumran Bin Shaheen, The Prince Of Al - Butayhaa,And His Political And Military Role With Al - Boaeheen

Author name: منال محمد مطر
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Umran bin shahin the prince of batha and his political and military role with Albuehiin The character of umran bin shahin attracts the attention of contemporary historians and their successors because of his animportant political and military role in the period ranging from his birth and death where he was aprominent politician activist against ALbuehiin presence in Iraq challenging ALbuehiin forces and more than one buehian prince for forty years where he could founded aprincedom throughid he was able to exert his political influence showing his challenge to ALbuehian authority in Baghdad.There is no doubt that the political and military role of Umran bin shahin started after his traveling from his village (ALjameeda) to ALbatha and establishing his principality there, noting that the historical era of his presence full of events interlacing in the most serious historical Facts such as the presence of Krameta, Hamadaeen and baredein. The power of Umran bin shahin and his stead fastness against ALbuehain attacks didn’t lie only on his military power, but on his full exploitation of the potentials of geographic enriivonment als, where he mude use of them in managing the struggle with ALbuehain.The political and military role of bin shahin focused on breaching of the trade line between the center and south territories where this trade was animportant source of financing the ALbuehain economy and the source of power of ALbuehain princes and their cliques. What Umran had been done such as exerting his control on this line and taxation on commercial goods passing through ALbatha regarded true threat to ALbuehain power where Umran bin shahin was insurgent against unjust class social system therefore we can explain his activity that depended on humiliation of the near elite of ALbuehain rulers and decreasing their status because of what they done to the poor whon were suffered from poverty and humiliation.Deeds of Umran bin shahin provoked the exasperation and the anger of muiz ALdauah ALbuehii who obliged to take anaction against him limiting his control and power on ALbatha and assuring the line of trade and transportation but the military campaigns by leader ship of ALbuehii fails completely because of lack cauthon and military technique. In 369 H/979 A.H) Umran bin shahin died and his son, ALhusan, hold the rule. His death represents an important turn where it had great effect on all the levels, and his absence put an end to the period of power and unity representing by his character where his second son was greedy of power and control he killed his brother by treason resulting to division of shahinan family in ALbatha. This study consisding of introduction, three chapters and conclusion, where introduction included the importance of the subject, and the 1st chapter titling (political and geographical features of south of Iraq area before shanian rule) consisting of three sections : 1st (astudy of the geography and population of ALbatha area) where there reseaher submitting alingustic and geographic definition of ALbatha area, besides its location, climate and economical resources. Aslw the 2nd section titling (the revolution against Abassi caliphat before the 4th century of higrih in south of Iraq ) where the researcher sheding the light on political situation of Abassi caliphat and the circumstances paving the way before those revolutions. The 3rd one titling (attitude of ALbuhian Abassi caliphat) where the researcher discussing the pedigree of ALbrehian and their irvasion to Baghdad and the attitude of them toward Abassi caliphats. The 2nd chapter (life of Umran bin shahin and the foundation of shahin principality consisting of two sections, the 1st was about the life of Umran bin shahin, his pedigree, his political life, his children and his death. As feer the 2nd one was about the phases of the foundation of his principality. Finally, the 3rd chapter titling(military and polidical role of Umran bin shahin against ALbuhian) discussing the reludionship of Umran bin shahin with muiz ALdulha , Aiz ALdulha and thed ALdulha till the end of shahin principality and presence of his children after him besides, the conflict between then contributing in weaken the principality.
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الحارث المحاسبي : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: منار كزار قطان الغراوي
Supervisor name: عبد الحسين مهدي الرحيم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: وزعت الرسالة على اربعة فصول، خصصنا الفصل الاول منها لدراسة نشاة الحارث المحاسبي وحياته العلمية، فتحدثنا فيه عن كل ما يتعلق او يتصل بحياة ونشاة المحاسبي، وقد اشتمل على مبحثين، الاول، سلط الضوء على نشاة الحارث المحاسبي، فيما عقد الثاني لحياته العلمية بما في | The Islamic Arabic history has been updating with many outstanding personalities whose thought , behaviors and opinions lead to problematic matters that couldn’t be interpreted along with its motifs.Moreover , the most of these personalities remained searching for a guidance to be guided to the truth , and being crystallized along with their cultural and mental compositions. The owner of such personality is Al - Harith Al - Muhasibi (243 A.H - 857 A.D ) whose thoughts are still vital despite he lived in the ( 3rd A.H) /( 9 th D. A). If we hold a Blanca between some of modern educational and psychological concepts and the opinions which he called for in respect with education and teaching , we find that he was precedent one in the give field. Also he tried to find out a new school in ( Monasticism) that preserved Islamic Arabic impression depending on holy - Quran and sunna through fighting Monasticism habits , that provided over during his age , like Al Etihad and Hilul and oters of western doctrines which controlled the (Monasticism) since the end of the century ( A.H ) / ( 8th A.D).The thesis is of (4 ) chapters.The First chapter includes the life of Al - Harith Al - Muhasibi and include two titles.The first title sheds the light on the bringing up of Al Muhasibi along with his autobiography. The second one talks about his old age , disputes and lectures along with his students. The second chapter is devoting to talk about the age of Al - Muhasibi and his method in monasticism also its includes two title.The first title is about Al - Muhasibi age and the second specializes in Al - Muhasibi method in resect in with monasticism. The Third chapter deals with the scientific heritage of Al - Muhasibi in which the researcher handles the most outstanding books of Al - Muhasibi along with sketches and printing. While the ( 4) th chapter aims at Al - Muhasibi method regarding education and teaching
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القدس في عصر المماليك (658 - 922ه / 1260 - 1516م) == Al - Quds In The Mamluk Era (Study In The General Case) (658 - 922 A.H / 1260 - 1516 A.D)

Author name: مريم علاوي فهد الكناني
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الستار عبد القادر الزهاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We have reached , via our research , analysis, and review ,to hereunder results extracted from the current paper titled "Jerusalem under era of Al - Mamluki" during the period (658 - 922AH)(1260 - 1516AD) : 1 - Jerusalem has been a mountainous area located in middle of Palestine surrounded by mountains from three sides ; the north side easily to be penetrated by aggressors as to enter the city; furthermore , the water of the city has been insufficient, thus residents rely hugely on rain water by savory for water. The residents have also depended on some pools just like Salwan pool.2 - Jerusalem has been called different names that deviated the genuine name of the city (Kinani Name); the city was firstly resided by Arabs (Al - Yabusayayn) later called as (Yabus) and it is also called (Yurshaleem) originally (Kinani). 3 - Jerusalem has been witnessed political turmoil and crusaders occupation as well during the period that is coming to be known as wars of crusaders. But the city returned back to the Islamic Arabic State after being liberated by(Salah Al - Din Al - Ayubi), but struggles among sons of (Yubs) help weaken (Ayubayeen) and help appear new powers represented in establishing State of (Al - Mamalik).4 - (Mamaleeks) could defeat Mogul aggression, where the battle of (Ayn Jalut) considered as a turning point in the history of the city, especially , after the victory of (Mamaleeks) on Mogul in this battle and smashed the myth saying that "Mogul is undefeated strength". Thus, (Mamaleeks) entered the city which became under the rule of (Mamaleeks) under the leadership of the hero "Sultan Beris". 5 - The city , after "Mamaleeks" entered , witnessed important events represented in stability and quietness. It has been established many construction establishments. 6 - The administrative boundaries of Jerusalem include walled city , surrounded by villages ranging from "Al - Ramlah" toward north and to "Khalil" city in south and from Mediterranean Sea in west to river of Jordan in east.It is a huge area as that determined by contemporary references explaining that it is administrative center during days of "Mamaleeks". 7 - Jerusalem during the era of Mamleeks is a completed city where all job are available including administrative, financial and religious, despite the city administratively linked to Damascus and Gaza. but since it became independent for its increasing importance due to its religious stance. 8 - The present paper confirms the Islam of the holy city in spite of existing Jews and Christians, the Islamic impression prevailed over. Muslims remain the majority among its residents and the city remained as one entity; three religions became under the control of Mamaleeks; the Jews and christens enjoyed with tolerance and justice as that indicated by pilgrimage journeys by Western European , together with good treatment for them by (Mamleeks).9 - The city has become a scientific center , where scholars came to Jerusalem from all over the world and established educational institutions in the city. 10 - The city has been witnessed prosperous developments of agricultural and industrial and trading fields due to stability and quaintness, especially in era of "Mamleeks" the first. The city has revived the treasury due to taxations imposed on it.
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المذاهب الاسلامية واثرها على الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية في بلاد اليمن (132 - 569هـ / 749 - 1174م) == Islamic Doctrines And Their Impact On The Political And Social Life In The Country Of Yemen (132 - 569H / 749 - 1174M)

Author name: محمد حسين ابراهيم العامري
Supervisor name: هيفاء عاصم محمد الطيار
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Prayer and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers Mohammed bin Abdullah honest and trustworthy, and The God of the good and virtuous, and from above and to the Day of Judgement and after : After the expiry of the era of the legislation and the transfer of the amount of Sharia and Mosul about God U flag and holder his message to his creation Muhammad ibn Abd Allah (peace be upon him) to GBS in 11 AH, the need arises to release what it says (peace be upon him) from his Lord and the development of legal provisions of it, due to the update of the facts and things did not face the Muslims did not occur to them at the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), Vajtahed where people of diligence and spent and have stated they began, has emerged gradually and in stages different opinions in legal provisions, as a result of the different intellectual and scientific trends and perspectives of the Companions and followers and then of jurists in understanding some of the texts and interpreted, and this difference resulted in understanding and derive rulings to the emergence of the so - called later doctrines of fiqh or Islamic doctrines exploited by fanatics and fools and made it political parties divide where it should unite and unite where it should differentiate, and they have taken a shovel to destroy the unity of Muslims and an excuse to throw the seeds of discord which has had the greatest impact on social life and disturbing disorder political conditions in the Arab countries of the Muslims, making up for grabs Tlthmanm Nations.The nature of the country Yemen and geographic composition of tribal and extremism location for the center of the Islamic Caliphate, whether in Medina or the Levant or Baghdad following the Islamic doctrines and invitations anti - succession took the road it took the ancient ones have Lured center of their activity to achieve their political and ideological goals, taking advantage of the mountainous nature of the rugged Mtakvenha protective shield sheltering him, and Islamic doctrines as a pretext for the assumption of the reins of government in the country has been able to Hola of the founding states in the country of Yemen List on the basis of doctrinal different political affiliation. Some of them showed loyalty to the Abbasid Caliphate, others boarded them and showed loyalty to the Fatimid caliphate and some of them did not condemn allegiance to either of them, and therefore has become Yemen torn limb and control the affairs of states list on the basis of doctrinal So witnessed the country's Yemen bloody military conflicts still raised the capital to this day, the Yemeni society deprived the stability element of which is the basis of life and development in all fields Vahml Yemenis economic life and dragged to the intellectual conflict and war fueled doctrines expatriate them, and due to it came to the subject of our choice ((Islamic sects and their impact on the political and social life in the country of Yemen (132 - 569h / 749 - 1174m))) for consideration. Where he remains Yemen Islamic history is the political and cultural Bavagah fertile ground for researchers and scholars in the field of Islamic history and Islamic civilization.These studies are arranged in front and two doors and a conclusion and supplements and a list of sources and references. The first section titled : Nature Yemen geographical and Islam, its people and political conditions of the year 11 AH - 204 AH has included two chapters, which included the first chapter : two axes first we dealt with the origin designation Yemen language and idiomatically, then Oakbna by examining the nature of Yemen geographical Vaherna to its borders and natural divisions and topography of Yemen and climate, and then explained what was to site Yemen and topography of the impact on the country's political and religious life, while the second axis have we pointed it to the spread of pagan religion, Judaism and Christianity in the country of Yemen, and he two of the effect on the country's political life before Islam and the Islam of its people, then we dealt with the spread of Islam, which has been a peaceful manner where he converted the people of Yemen Islam Bonevs obedience and willing without a fight and made it clear where their reasons for this, as we pointed out where the delegations that presented to Medina to meet the Prophet (peace be upon him) to declare Islam, and also referred to the Prophet r workers on Yemen. The second chapter highlighted the political situation of Yemen of the year (11 AH - 204 AH) we dealt with the apostasy movements that have emerged in the country of Yemen during the era Rashidi (11 - 40 e) How did the Caliph Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) from elimination; and and we have made clear the position of the people of Yemen conflict that existed between the Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, u and Muawiyah. As we pointed out to the revolutions and uprisings witnessed by the country's Yemen during the Umayyad period (41 - 132h) and the reasons that led them to it. And also referred to the situation of the people of Yemen during the first Abbasid Period (132 - 204 AH) and witnessed the country of revolutions and uprisings, and as we pointed out the direction of the safe country of Yemen, which encouraged the division of the country into warring statelets policy. All this has permeated said to the governors of the Caliphs and the Umayyad caliphs and Bani Abbas to Yemen during this time period.The second section was titled : the emergence and spread of Islamic sects in the country of Yemen and its impact on areas of Yemen, political and social. This section included three chapters. We had in the first quarter beginning entry Sunni sects (Hanafi and Maliki and Shafi'i and Hanbali) and doctrines Shiite (Ismaili and Zaidi) to the country of Yemen with a brief study tried through which to offer a broad definition to the owners of these doctrines with male factors that helped to spread in the country of Yemen, Chapter II in which we have considered the effect of these doctrines on aspects of Yemen's political has led these doctrines spread in the country of Yemen to do several states founders of Islamic doctrines taken as a pretext for the assumption of the reins of government, where he was a Sunni some of them represent the state of the sons Ziad (ZIYADI) and the State of brown dust and the state of Bani success (Nagahah) and the state of Bani Mahdi, others Shiite represent the state Ismailia first second State Ismailia (Sulayhid) and State Zaidi and the state of Bani Zerai (Alzerieih) has this mini - states we dealt with in a focused study we gave them a clear picture of each of them in terms of origins and kings, conflicts and alliances that were List with each other and we ended our study of each state by mentioning an end, and focused the third quarter to mention the impact of Islamic schools of thought on aspects of Yemen's social explained the effect of these doctrines in the division of Yemeni society and its regions on a sectarian basis and to the rise of Yemeni women, as well as the rise of slaves (Ethiopians
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الداعي الاسماعيلي ناصر خسرو وعلاقته بالخلافة الفاطمية == The Ismaili Preacher Nasser Khosrow And Its Relationship To The Fatimid Caliphate

Author name: ماجد حميد رشيد
Supervisor name: غنية ياسر كباشي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Featuring Ismaili sect from the rest of the Islamic doctrines and preaching difference structure, organization and sophisticated. While disappeared advocacy organizations affiliated Islamic Umayyad teams during the two (40 - 132h / 660 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 656h / 749 - 1258m) led after the purpose of the establishment of a religious entity - a political difference to those groups, continued imams and preachers Ismailis to maintain this institution and the development of knowledge as the vital nerve of the doctrine, without which strengthened the call and continued survival.Whereas the Fatimid state had, on the basis of which the policy is intertwined with religion, to the extent that every political organization in this country, it was a reflection of the spirit of the Fatimid doctrine itself, until it became, believe an example of religious states in Islam, This invitation "was the backbone of this state, and the most important thing distinguishes itself from other Islamic regimes have looked to call a sacred institution and a religious duty practiced it faithfully and activity, and sought to power in order to be able to achieve this goal, safe and easy, they were looking at them It was a lot for them as an ideological weapon of the system.Caliph was the "imam" Fatimid chooses from among his supporters most powerful tongue, and believe them Jnana, and Olhnhm argument, and Ogzarhm note Vigolh in the position of calling for it following the status of the Imam of the confessional, relying in that much from any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (O prophet! Truly We have sent , thee s a witness , a Bearer of Gold Tidings , and Warner (45) And as one who invites to Allah (46) `s (grace) by His leave , and as a lamp spreading light) and any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (Invite (all) to the way of thy lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching , and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious , for thy lord knoweth best , who have strayed from his path , and who receive guidance). That was our choice for the study of personality, "the Ismaili Nasser Khosrow (d. 481 AH / 1088 AD) and its relation to succession of the Fatimid" not to mention the ideological side "in the Fatimid state" as one of the Ismaili dignitaries, one talent evident owners in the political and religious messages field across the Fatimid call Aban Fatimid rule, in "the fifth century AH / atheist century AD" and who spent years of his life in the Caliph Al - Mustansir Billah "427 - 487h / 1036 - 1094m service." Preacher who is vested with a variety of tasks, administrative, diplomatic, religious, has arrived to the top of the shrine, an advocate and an argument Persia and Khorasan in the Fatimid invitation. The conduct of research was required to be having four classes led by an introduction, followed by a conclusion showed the most significant results, and proven sources and references that were adopted in the preparation of the message.The introduction : he mentioned the importance of the subject and the reasons for his choice, and the research plan and the approach that I walked it. Devoted the first chapter to the study of biography and scientific Nasser Khosrow, as touched upon in the first section to : the biography of his life (his name, lineage, his nickname, his birth, his family, and growing up, and his death), and in the second section of his travels, and in the third section touched on the scientific status, indicating the His printed and manuscript, and the views of the scientists. And I ran to the second chapter has dealt with the Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan in the fifth century AH / atheist century AD, has been included on the three sections, too, it was at the forefront of those detectives Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan during the era of Nasser Khosrow, and the second section preachers who Asarham Nasser Khosrow, The third chapter Achtmt Balambges assets Ismaili doctrine from the standpoint of calling for Nasser Khosrow. Then I ran to the third quarter, which was entitled calling Nasser Khosrow and its relation to succession of the Fatimid, it has included three sections, covered in the first section of succession Al - Mustansir Billah and the crown prince, and in the second section of Cairo in the era of Nasser Khosrow, and in the third section the offices of the state administration and fees and celebrations. And another classroom fourth quarter in which public life in Egypt dealt with through text Nasser Khosrow trip, which included a three axes , namely : First : Army, Navy , and secondly : economic conditions , and thirdly social conditions.The letter highlights the conclusion of the most important findings after a comprehensive study of the subject good and thorough study , also caused appendixes and appended a list of sources and references relied upon in keeping with the traditions of theses. It has faced several difficulties, in the forefront of all the works of Nasser Khosrow written by the Persian language, and did not stand on the interpreter of which only three books did not find enough male and adequate for the life of Nasser Khosrow in basic references and we had sometimes rely on modern references, which may be due burning processes for many of the books of Shiites in general, especially in the east and Ismailia practiced by many of the Islamic Orient rulers anti - Ismaili, the most prominent day ordeal Ismailia grand a year (331 AH / 942 AD) as well as what he has done Mahmud of Ghazni (361 - 421h / 971 - 1030m) as well as what he did to the Mongols the year (654 AH / 1256 CE). Historical descriptive approach was adopted based on the analysis of some of the information and criticism and comparing opinions, to get to the facts, has necessitated the nature of the study rely on a variety of historical resources and doctrinal and moral geography.
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الامام جعفر الصادق (عليه السلام) واثره في العلوم النقلية والعقلية == Imaam Jafaar Al - Sadiq ( Peace Be Upon Him) And His Effect In The Trasitional And Intellectual Sciences

Author name: قائد كامل حميد البندر التميمي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) is considered an outstanding phenomenon in the throughout the history of various sciences and knowledge.He was a pioneer of his peers in both the transitional and intellectual sciences.Such a position had its effect on his students and his close friends who are considered nowadays as the most salient figures such as Abu Hanifa Al - Nuaman , the legal advisor of Iraq ,Mlik Ibn Anas ,the legal advisor of Al - Madinah, Jabir Bin Hayan, the famous chemist , Hisham Bin Al - Haqam the famous theologist ,etc. The era of Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) was considered the golden one ,from which the history can be detected.Such an Imam had acquired all good virtues , honor, and Pioneering.He was one of the great scholars who had renewed the message of the Prophet Mohammed (Be Peace Upon Him) in its implication and content ,giving life a fresh look. This study is divided into four chapters ,in each there are different topics and a conclusion as shown below.In the Introduction, a brief biography of the Imam is presented ,for he had lived and was a witness in important stage of the Islamic history which coincided with the fall of the unjust Amawi State ,and the rise of Bani Al - Abass State.In such a periodImam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him)had successfully been able to raise many generations of scholars and jurists and to spread and teach the real religion through such good groups of people.Chapter One is entitled'' The Scientific Echoes of Some Aspects of Knowledge '',and is divided into three topics.In the first topic is concerned with the Scientific Centers established by the Imam in Al - Madinah and Kufa.The second topic deals with the scientific councils ,those of Dictation and Debates.The third topic is related to those families and houses in which knowledge and science are studied.The fourth topic is mainly focused on the thought and scientific heritage of the Imam (Be Peace Upon Him).Chapter Two is mainly devoted to the scientific sciences with five topics.The first one is concerned with the sciences of the Holy Quran ,showing the most salient those who recite the Holy Quran ,taught by Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him).The second topic deals with the Prophet Traditions ,rising the Imam role in selecting the real Tradition (Hadith) from the fake one ,with reference to the most outstanding students in such a field.The third topic is devoted to Jurisprudence providing its definition in language reformation , showing the opinions of the Imam in inventing the legal judgment.The fourth topic is related to Sufism with a precie definition for such a science and the Imam's views.This is because in such an era ,mysticism was prevailing which ,as the Imam thought , formed a dangerous phenomenon which prevent development in life in all aspects.Also, this topic includes the most famous mystical figures who were contemporary with the Imam and told much about him.The fifth topic is primarily concerned with Theology and its effect on those who made violations which were faced by the Imam through his close friends such as Mu'man Al - Taq and Hisham Bin Al - Hakam.Chapter Three is mainly devoted to the significant effect left by the Imam in the Human Sciences (Humanities ) with three topics.The first one deals with literature (poetry and prose).In such a field , the Imam was always encouraging his friends, students and followers to write elegies about his grandfather ,Imam Hussein( Be Peace Upon Him) ,and describing Al - Taff Disaster in a delicate and literary style ,some of them are Al - Kumait and Al - Saied Al - Hamyari.Also, this topic includes Morphology which had received more attention from the Imam in precisely explaining the items of such a science.This can be approved by how Al - Khalil Bi Ahmed Al - Farheedi ( 179 A. H. - 795 A.D.) had made a deduction from this science and added it to his Book ''Al - Ain ''.Next in this topic ,the researcher surveys the role of the Imam in languages in mastering ,like other members of the family of the Prophet Mohammed (Be Peace Upon Him) ,many of them like Persian ,Hebrew, and others spoken and written.The second topic is related to History and Genealogy.In this sense, the Imam was considered the first who studied the stories and history critically and instructed his students to consider them by reason or mind , purifying them from both myths or legends.In this way, a number of his students had been famous in such a field such as Jabir Bin Yazid A - l - Jaafi ,Mussa Bin Oqbah ,and others.The third topic is mainly devoted to Philosophy focusing on the effect of the Imam in such a science and was the firstwho established the major schools of Philosophy which were attended by the philosophers themselves and their students as Al - Hassan Al - Basri ,the fouder of the school of philosophy in Basrah ,as well as Bin Attaa' the founder of the school of Al - Mu'zallah. Chapter Four signifies the role played by the Imam in the intellectual sciences ,with four topics.The first one deals with the sciences of Medicine and Pharmacology in which the Imam had contributed much that the scientists in these days have discovered which in fact had been tackled by the Imam especially in the field of herbals and its benefits and harms on the person's health.The second topic is concerned with Chemistry and the role of the Imam in such a science and what he had instructed his student ''Jabir Bin Hayan'' The third topic is devoted to Astronomy with what the Imam had huge knowledge in such a science.The fourth topic is related to Physics ,revealing how the Imam had discussed Aristotle's view in this sense ,as well as the Imam's father opinion ''Al - Baqir (Peace Be Upon Him ) in that the Universe consists of four elements : soil, water, air ,and fire.The Imam showed his wandering that Aristotle didn't paid enough attention to the fact that all these elements cannot be divided ,i.e. are not simple elements.The researcher has come up with specific conclusions on the role and effect of the Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) in both the transitional and intellectual sciences.In addition ,the current research has required consulting to various references to trace what had the Imam had written himself or what had been narrated from him in deferent sources in different knowledge. The first of such resources are the basic books in history.This is becausewhat had been narrated from the Imam are clear explained in the different stages of history starting from the message of Islam era and up to the First Abassi's era ,consulting the major books by Al - Yaa'qubi,Al - Tabbari,Al - Massoudi,Ibn Katheer,and others ,tracing back all the texts dealt with in this research.As long as the books of translation are concerned and the men who accomplished them are of high significance in this research because they have revealed many of the narrators who had told much of the Imam works such as Al - Najashi,Al - Toossi,Al - Kishi,and others. From such figures many important texts have been discovered which reflected significant aspects of the Imam's life and his relations with his contemporary scholars ,as well as a picture of his scientific life.The books of the Prophet traditions have had a valuable effect in enriching the present research such as Sahih Bukhari ,Tahtheeb Al - Mazi,Al - Esbisar by Al - Toosi,in addition to the books in novel and the Prophet Traditions as they are found in the writings of Al - Khateeb Al - Baghdadi,Ibn Shahrashob,the Second Martyr ,Ibn Tawoos ,Ibn Al - Jawzi,and others.The same can said about books of Jurisprudence ,The Fundamentals ,and Language in supporting this study especially ''Kitab Leesan El - Arab'' by Ibn Manthoor ,''Taj Al - Aroos'' by Al - Zubaidi ,and others.Books related to doctrines ,theology, and Philosophy have had an intimate relationship with the ideological development in Islam and the role of the Imam Jafaar Al - Sadiq (Be Peace Upon Him) in establishing the principal doctrines and distinguishing them from those that stood against Islam such as books written by Al - Sheik Al - Mufeed ,Al - Shahrestsni ,Al - Tabbari,and others.As for those books related to the history of the Imam and other modest Imams (Be Peace Upon Them) ,they gave clear picture of the Imam's life ,his scientific biography and his life successive stages , those trusty followers ,friends, and students. Some of those books are ''Omdat El - Talib Fee Ansab Abi Talib'' by Ibn Anbah ,'' Imam Al - Sadiq Biography'' and other books.Also ,specific books have been consulted which are concerned with how Some Orientals have introduced the Imam ,as well as the Fourth Schools of Islam , and other books.Regarding those books on the Countries ,the present study has greatly been provided by different books with rich information in interpreting places as ''Al - Buldan'' book by Yakoot Al - Hamawi ,''Treekh Al - Kufa ''by Said Hussein Al - Baraqi,and other references. Moreover ,the present research has also referred to modern writings which include various opinions and discretions that reflect the authors' own views ,some of which are in accordance with those of the current study's ,and some contradict them.Also, papers published in scientific journals and those discussed in conferences ,as well as theses and dissertations that deal with the same subject of this research are also dealt consulted in this study.
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الدعاية المذهبية والسياسية في بلاد المغرب خلال القرنين الثاني والثالث الهجريين == The Political And Doctrinal Propaganda In Al - Magherb States During The Second And Third Centuries Of Hijra

Author name: فرح مصطفى قاسم الموسوي
Supervisor name: كريم عاتي لعيبي الخزاعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Maghreb has witnessed during the second and third centuries of Hijra\ eighth and ninth centuries AC has witnessed political and doctrinal propaganda which used the form the main aim was to form their own state so that they can practice their own doctrine freely. It is clear from the study that the propaganda is a mean used to achieve certain purpose that the propaganda is made for many factors which are mentioned in summary : The first factor : the leaders of the propaganda who put the foundation and styles of the choice of the promotions. The second factor : the propagandists have the main task. The success of the propaganda depends on the smartness of the propaganda and amount of effort.The third factor : the environment in which the propagandist spread his ideas is an important factor.The fourth factor : the political situation of the country helps to establish states. When we find people are dissatisfied with the authority, we can spread your ideas easily with the least costs and efforts. In addition to the factors above, there is an indirect factor used by the propagandists which is the secrecy in which they promote their ideas for their care to promote their ideas. Thus, they manage to establish a political entity which was the result of spreading their doctrinal propaganda. They were able to find believers in them and their ideas in a way they can make revolutions against the authority and make their own states. That was clear in the middle of 2nd century of Hijra. There were three states; the first was deconverted from Islam to atheism while the callers of the khawarij manage to establish two states each represent the propagandists. The means of the propagandists they followed to spread their propaganda on the religious and mundane levels were the different doctrines spread in the Maghreb states in a very close time period. Different states were held in Maghreb during the two century period each one was different form the other in doctrine and sect. The propaganda material was also varied and different according to the need for it and the environment in which the propaganda was spread. It was fat material which incorporated the hadith of prophet and the predictions and blessings of the Mahdi and the slogan of the satisfaction for the posterity of the prophet (PBUH).
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كتاب الجمل والنصرة لسيد العترة في حرب البصرة للشيخ المفيد (ت 413هـ/ 1022م) : دراسة تحليلية تاريخية == Camel And The Victory Of Mr. Strain In Basra War To The Sheikh Al - Mufied (D 413 AH/ 1022 AD) ((An Analytical Study))

Author name: فائق محمد حسين الزبيدي
Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: well as the conclusion and a list of sources and references that Aolna in this study.• Boot biography of Sheikh useful and ensure that, his name, his nickname , his birth , lineage , and death as well as his children and that presents for the first time in modern academic studies.• Chapter One : Under was titled doctrinal views about the allegiance of the faithful Meer Ali bin Abi Talib • Chapter Two : historical novels was under heading out on the Caliph Uthman.• Chapter III : Historical Almruyat for the Battle of the Camel.• In the final conclusion, which includes the most prominent findings and a list of sources and references, and summary in English. The Yes of God for this religion that he raised him in every age range of scientists and dignitaries from Mashra virtuous so late, Vohassanoa Madarsthm and built bases , and left us with an enormous wealth and great heritage , Anbthaga to its sources , the purest and its tributaries. Of these extraordinary , Sheikh useful ( 413 AH / 1022 AD) , may God rest his soul and make paradise resting place , which is aware of the flags of centuries fourth and fifth Hijri and one of the leaders of his time , as one of the men who excelled in science and classification throughout the years of his life. It is an excellent choice with the help of Dr. Nehme Shihab was I faced some difficulties as any student looking at the subject and especially as it combines the science of history and learned men of modern science because this led me to refer to the many specialized in these three Knowledge and other sources is not easy to master , who is running experience student academic research for the first time in his life, and with all the grace of God has been able to overcome the difficulties in the curriculum and resources and with the help of my teacher and supervisor wise direction. Has necessitated the need for this letter is organized with an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion , and here it should be noted that this division is inspired by the book (the sentences and the victory of Mr. strain in Basra War) as Analysis of sources : This study, like other academic studies relied on a large number of sources, references and research that were distributed among the different fields in history, local history or in the translations and biography or geographical books and travel literature as well as modern references The following presentation and analysis of a summary of the most important sources and references that were It has a clear impact for the preparation of this letter : - • General history books : It is books that are meant to take the flag campaign and others in the country as a book (the date of the Apostles and the Kings), to Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD), in which historical events show, the book (the history of the city of Damascus (for Sakba, Abu Kassim Ali Bin Hassan Ben God's gift to bin Abdullah Shafi'i (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) has served us so much Vengda encyclopedia in the history of the Islamic civilization has reviewed the conduct of men and women also, who emerged fields of public life, particularly in science, knowledge, and the book (regular in the history of the kings and the UN), to Ibn al, Abu Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ali (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD) and the book "full of history" to Ibn al - Athir (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD) there is no doubt being a Guinness in Islamic history.• genealogy books : We based our knowledge of the lineages of some scientists and their assets, including book (genealogy), of heard me, Dad Said Abdul Karim bin Mohammed al - Tamimi (d.562 AH / 1166 AD) and book (the pulp in the refining lineages), the son of ether, Abul Hassan Ali bin Abi Karam Mohamed Bin Mohammed bin Abdel - Karim al - Shaibani (d.630AH/1232 AD).• Geographic wrote : The geography books that enriched the various search information, whether concerned with the nomination of the city or location, including a book "Dictionary of countries," authored by Sapphire Hamwi (d. 626 AH / 1228 AD), which is a record of many historians, geographers who came after him. Note that we relied on a variety of other sources for Aasa numerous to mention in this introduction also enlisted some modern references that did not have a key role in building the structure of the messageFinally, the perfect God Almighty alone, and we praise and thank him for what we have from grace in writing this letter , I ask God to guide our steps and bless us in our humble service of science that he listens and responds
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الاسطورة واثرها في الرواية التاريخية الاندلسية (92 - 484هـ/711 - 1091م) == Myth And Their Impact On The Historical Novel Andalusian (92 - 484H / 711 - 1091M)

Author name: غفران محمد عزيز
Supervisor name: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Movement History has hit a lot of counterfeiting and additions and sometimes novel completely changed by Shetty comes in the forefront of global politics and religion factors and therefore did not vacate the Islamic history of these legends but often contained them in the Andalusian history of existence of space and space to make way for the existence of such accounts. The novel legendary Andalusia were not beyond the dye Islamic It affected cultural eastern heritage in terms of lies and slanders that link in Mbalgadtha to the level of myth on the other hand has to be understanding of the criteria in the Islamic era in terms of being included in this concept, which was characterized by comprehensiveness of the different trends of knowledge him which make way because includes all the novels beyond the mental acceptance. In addition, we find a lot of stories related to old to cause related Bamaadz prophetic or mention of the presence of large countries do not have the basis of health in terms of comparing historical events of the region, prompting this matter martyrdom duration old time He graduated from our subject, which extended from the opening Andalusian 92 AH / 711 AD time down to the end of an era denominations year 481 AH / 1088 AD and that while Ibn Yasin made his decision to stay in Andalusia and an end to the era of those mini - states, and this time give a clear picture of the stages of legend in terms of the nature of growth and selected for conditions existing, which shows the main reasons underlying behind the emergence of the legendary novel in Andalusia in a time when novels Establishment of Andalusia and its importance and its cities have specialized novel religious nature at the same time we find that personal hero overshadowed the second phase her. Researchers often pulled away in their studies of Islamic history from the concept of the myth that it interferes in the foundation with the spirit of Islamic thought from religious and sectarian currents multiple linked beside my faith have I do not mean here novels Koranic but those novels and false beliefs that have no basis in fact, and this payment researcher the study of cross - cutting aspects of the topic as well as subjecting those accounts to scrutiny of the field, which exceeded many researchers and writers when Ordohaa in their studies of the history of the Andalusian were those of the reasons that led us to choose the subject and marked ((myth and its impact on the historical novel Andalusian 92 - 481h / 711 - 1088m ))
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السيرة النبوية في كتاب تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس للزبيدي (ت1205هـ/1790م) == Biography Of The Prophet In The Dictionary Kitaab Taaj Alaaroos Min Jawahir Alqamoos Ll Zubaydi (1205H - 1790C)

Author name: غصون عبد صالح مرجان الزهيري
Supervisor name: كريم عاتي لعيبي الخزاعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كان ظهور الاسلام في الواقع ثورة دينية وسياسية واجتماعية واقتصادية، وهو انتقال حاسم في تاريخ العرب ومن الطبيعي ان لكل ثورة دينية او سياسية او اجتماعية مراحل تمهيدية ومقدمات.ان مما يميز هذه الدراسة عن غيرها اعتمادها على ما فسر من مفردات لغوية عن الزبيدي ف | In fact the appearance of Islam political, economic , religion and social revolution ,it was decisive transition in the Arab history ,then make to them one religion call to unity ,and chieve to them political unite, and make Arab a strong unite nation chieve conquests similar to ancient empire chieve ,at natural every political or religion or social revolution prefaces and introductions steps ,this was clear at Arab before Islam ,this preface and introduction show in weakness of ancient pre - Islamic (jahlyah) creeds, if was political or religion or social ,and deflection to leave it for the sake of another creeds seriousness ,and prediction to near appearance corrector prophet call to this creeds.This study distinguished about another it dependence upon what construed from language terms about AL - Zubaidy in his taaj a,aroosih and what came casually in this taaj with regard in biography the prophet through that terms the dark utters ,upon that we can say this dictionary in addition to be treasure from fortune the Arabic language, it was importance source from biography the prophet sources, so it was source to another historical studies.This Study includes : Prelude and five chapters, beside the conclusion and a list of sources and modulation and references.The first chapter contains study author and his book taaj AL - a,aroos with his name and his foster and his scientific standing and his travels ,his old men and his pupils, then we study his dictionary from where title and the peroose of authorship and the sources which depend on it for authorship to this large compilation, then after that we expression his method what it special show biography the prophet (peace be upon him ). The second chapter contains study to biography the prophet(peace be upon him ) before prophecy from where his name (peace be upon him ) and his noble descent ,and marriage his father Abdullah (peace be upon him )from his mother Amnah bint Wahb(peace be upon him ),and his blessed birth, then his early life and his sucking ,and loftier his character then his working and his participation (peace be upon him ) kinsfolk work, then his wives and his children.The third chapter entitled of (the prophet () after the prophecy) ,we have the glad tiding of the people of the book (Christians and Jews ) to his appearance (peace be upon him ) and his worship, and the inspiration hitting (Gabriel) ,then his request secrecy and concession, until he reach to the reception top which was the night of prophet Mohammad's ascension to the seven heavens ( Isra,a wa al Mea, raj) ,and his prediction and miracles ,then starting of Islam spreading ,and two homage the first and the second (ba,atay ala,aqbah alawla wa althaneah) ,after that we stand on the messenger emigration (peace be upon him )(the Hegira) to the town (almadinah) ,and foundation of Arab state in madinah whether in mosque building or in brotherhood (Almoa,akhah) then town paper, and his sectors (peace be upon him ) and his charities ,then his practice to judges, and his legistion and steering ,at last his prevents and teaching. The fourth chapter we stand on the second phase from the prophet mission ,it was the conflict between almadinah and Makkah and starting of exploration stage and sending detachments and starting of the war defiance between Muslims and Quraesh Makkah and rest of the Arab tribes heathenism, where we have the detachments and invasions importance which advantage the Battle of Badr Alkubrah (Ghazwahat Badr) arranged according for historical aseries ,then inter in the Battle of Badr Alkubrah (Ghazwahat Badr) then Ghazwahat bani saleem in kidar ,and Ghazwahat Alswayf , and Ghazwahat Uhud , and Ghazwahat Dhat - Ur - Riqa, and Ghazwahat Bani Nadheer ,then Alrajeea detachment , and Ghazwahat Bani Almustaliq and Ghazwahat Khandaq (ahzaab) ,then detachment of Mohammad bin salama to bani qartaa , and Ghazwahat dhe Qird , and Ghazwahat khaibar, and Ghazwahat Mu,tah, at last Ghazwahat Dhat Alsalasil.Then we finished this phase in chapter fifth in muslim capture on makkah ,and the standing messenger (peace be upon him ) union Arabian Peninsula ,he start in Ghazwahat Hunain,then siege Taif ,then detachment khabut, Ghazwahat Tabuk in the next year and crowning these victories advent of tribes in same year ,and fareweel pilgrimage (Hajj - al - wida ),and death of messenger(peace be upon him ). At last was The conclusion to explain the importance what was the research reach to from results about this study. At the end I want to show that I do my best in this research and if Successes in it that will be from God merciful. if it was the other side so that from my self that because I want to be most clear in my research and in God we trust.
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كتب الرسول (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) ورسائله للدعوة الى الاسلام : دراسة تاريخية == Books Of The Messenger ( Peace And Blessing Be Upon Him Family ) And His Letters To Call For Islam (Historical Study)

Author name: غسان هادي زغير الجبوري
Supervisor name: قصي اسعد عبد الحميد الراوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: with the bow in front of the great name of al - Mustafa Muhammad ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) who brights address and search pages from beginning to end, together with the intentionto accept an amnesty for all guilts from me and my pen has no power to provide more. The spread of any religion and footing in the minds and souls depends on the content and its contents in the right call and offering comprehensively in the Islamic religion these pillars of Islam is of the origins and concepts apply to the instinct humanity, it calls for the Justice and charity and to avoid oppression and aggression and look into the kingdom of heaven and earth? , it claims also to science, reading and writing and other social and ethical concepts that agree encroachment of humans and minds supportit without exception, Koran seek all the power and the means possible to install the constitution of human life, it says to Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) and ordering him (warning - evangelization - advocacy - reporting - rift - beautiful - recall - the statement - and education) for conveying the message of the Islamic to the people in every possible image, the Messenger of Allah ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) did this matter to the fullest and show Islam complete and powerful presentation, he called his family and his relatives first and then his people and the sons of his own people, and when the matter has been restored to him and settled in Medina, he called to the various parts of the earth and sent his companions), God bless them) to kings and princes and people and tribes and groups to invite them to Islam. It should be noted that Khudaibiya is starting the Islamic Dawa out of the Arabian Peninsula point to include kings and princes of the world was not the oral call, but it was in the form of books and messages dictated by the Messenger of Allah) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) on his book and sent with his messengers to call people to Islam and religion right It is worth mentioning that these books and letters prophetic impact Islam because they are issued by the Messenger of humanity Prophet Muhammad) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) and this letters are not limited to one side, but in different aspects of them, letters in the secretariats for those who safest, and letters in Aloqtaat, and letters in the covenants and conventions, and letters in charity and Zakat and quintiles, and letters in sentences and the statutes and the laws, and he wrote to his commanders and warlords of armies , and letters in the call of Islam, which are the focus of research and was an effect on the search and spotlight by recalling the efforts of the Great Prophet Muhammad) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) It should also be noted that the impires Byzantine and Persian and their control over a wide impact is clear in the region areas, and when he called them the Messenger of Allah) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) (to Islam they refused his call, the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) the kings and princes who under these two control impires Some of them answered and some of them perished, so it was for these books and messages of impact in Islam. The study required by the nature of the material that is divided into an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion and a list of sources and supplements. The first chapter was titled (writing and writers in the heart of Islam) has included the three sections, the first topic : the importance of writing in Islam through the Holy Quran and prophetic traditions and sayings of Ahl al - Bayt (peace be upon them) and sayings of the Companions), God bless them) and the second topic highlighted the illiteracy and the eloquence of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) and the third section : a book titled Prophet ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) The second chapter titled (books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) in the Arabian Peninsula) have included two sections : the first topic was titled : books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to individuals (personalities) The second section titled : books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to the tribes and groups. The third chapter of the study was entitled (books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to the Byzantine and Persian impires It is in their authority and included two sections : first section titled books and messages of the Prophet), ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to the Roman Caesar and his power ; The second section, entitled : books and messages of the Prophet) ( peace and blessing be upon him family ) to Kisra and his power.
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الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) == The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

Author name: عمر سعدون حمود
Supervisor name: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
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النشاط الصناعي في مصر الفاطمية (358 - 567 هـ / 969 - 1171م) == Industrial Activities In Fatimid Egypt ( 358 - 567 H / 969 - 1171 M )

Author name: علي نصيف جاسم علو التميمي
Supervisor name: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study is one of the most important and modest branches of historical knowledge for it is one of the most prominent aspects of Economic Activity. That historians and researchers ignored longly. In addition to that, most of the studies of Fatimid Egypt focuse on Political and Military Studies that exhaust most of the efforts. While we find that studies related to industrial activities are rare and mostly are quotations found here and there within the general researches and books that treat the history the Fatimid State. The Fatimid State period in the Egyptian Islamic history is considered one of the most important and flourishing periods of the Egyptian history in general because it witnessed important civilizational developments that changed the history in different aspects of life. Egypt has become really independent for a period of time of more than two centuries from the Abbasid Stade in Baghdad. It has become the center of the Shia Khaliphate that competes with the the Abbasid State. This of course has lead to speed up of the economical development because the resources of Egypt have been spent inside Egypt and not as has been always shared with the Capital Baghdad before the Fatimid era. This period of time participates in a good part of the development of the economic development in Egypt. It really gives us a vivid picture of the important aspects of the Egyptian Islamic history. Despite the fact that this period has been studied with focus but it still needs more especially for the industrial activities that characterizes this era. From this point comes the motivation for a study of this aspect (The Industrial Activities in Fatimid Egypt 358 - 567 A.H./ 969 - 1171 A.D.). The choice of this subject relays upon two reasons : the first one is that the research period is more than two centuries and consists of a big share of the Economic History of Fatimid Egypt, while the second is that the subject has never been studied separately in a way that covers all aspects of life specially industry. Therefore after dependence on Almighty God I have made the decision of introducing a study that covers all aspects of the industrial activities in Fatimid Egypt. The difficulties faced by the subject are the shortage in historical references and resources, for most of the resources as has been mentioned, deal with political, military and social aspects and not economy. Another issue that the researcher wants to refer to is the lack of balance between the number of pages of the chapters because of the differences in the availability of resources. According to the requirements of the research it has been divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and an epilogue that contains the most important conclusions that the research finds in addition to appendices, and references. The preface consists of three points : the first is related to industry and profession linguistically and idiomatically and the difference between industry and profession. The second point deals with the indications of both industry and profession in the Holy Quran and how the Holy Quran urges for work. The third point shows the importance of industry and profession in Islam and the prophets' industries and professions according to the Sunna and Ahlulbeit (PBUH) sayings. Chapter one is entitled (Factors that have helped to development and prosperity of industry in Fatimid Egypt). The chapter consists of three aspects : the first is the security aspect and consists of two parts : first securing the boarders with other states like Nobah and BiladulSham and facing challenges like Qaramita and the Turkish movement of Aftakin, as well as the elimination of Interior revolutions and insurgencies like Abu Rawah, Luatah Arabs, and Kanzuldawlah revolutions, while the second part deals with security services presented to citizens like professionals and tradesmen security and monitoring the markets. The religious aspect consists also of two parts : the first is Islamic tolerance with the Copts and the people of disclosure by the Fatimid caliphs, while the second part is related to commercial installations and facilities created by the Fatimid state to support industrial and craft professionals and merchants for their business practice and the conduct of their products such as Alkiesr, hotels, agencies, and stores and other facilities set up by the state. It provided the security and stability for the people of Trades and Crafts and traders both for those coming from outside the country or from within. As for the economic side it has included five parts : the first part is how the Fatimid state has worked to address the economic crisis that was experienced by Egypt since the year (352 AH / 963 AD), which lasted for three years. While the second part deals with Agriculture and Irrigation. The third was for livestock. Part IV deals with providing the necessary raw materials for various industries, as a metal, gold, silver, emeralds, alum and Nitrite, oil, timber and the like. The fifth deals with the monetary system in the Fatimid era, which includes dinar and the dirham and the Fils. The second chapter focused on the types of industries in Fatimid Egypt and its evolution, this chapter has been divided into two main aspects, the former devoted to the study of basic industries in Fatimid Egypt, as industry textile and food industry types and industry of soap, wax and Industry of Sparkling wines and other food industries, as well as the metallurgical industry as the industry of iron, copper and ivory, mosaics and timber industry, ships, glass, crystal, porcelain, paper - making and binding and leather goods, perfumes and medicines, and the arms industry. The second aspect in which we have considered the secondary industries, which include the popular industries and crafts Statistics that everyone needs to in their daily lives, as an industry and a few baskets, ropes and burlap, and other industries and crafts. The third chapter dealt with industrial and craft communities in Fatimid Egypt, where the correlation of the people of the industrial and craft markets sects in addition to regulations and fees that were imposed by the Fatimid state on those markets. This chapter also includes organizations craftsmen and artisans, it states these organizations initiated by the baseline, a boy and then a manufacturer and Usta "teacher" Captain "Captain sect" At the summit, there were both industrial and professional range head or official in charge known as the "Sheikh of the sect". It also deals with traditions that are controlled in the industrial and craft communities, as we talk about the close connection between the place of residence of industrial and craft activities, and at the end of this chapter comes to deal with the production and sale of goods. The fourth chapter is titled calculation and calculated (AlMuhtasib WalHisbah) and their role in the supervision and control of the industry in Fatimid Egypt. It also consists of two parts : The first comes to know the calculation Hisbah linguistically and idiomatically, and its importance in the Holy Quran and Sunnah and origins and evolution, then Mahzbo the Fatimid era, their deputies and their aides, and place of their council and their clothes and fashion. The second part has been allocated to mention the economic role of Mohtasib in Fatimid Egypt, such as his role and his aides in the supervision and control of markets and shops as well as other jobs in the health, social, moral and religious aspects, concluding this chapter by talking about the sanctions imposed on violators by the Mohtasib and his aides. In conclusion, I hope that I have been able to fulfill the requirements of writing this dissertation asking Almighty God the help and guidance.
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المواقف السياسية للبدريين بعد وفاة رسول الله (صلى عليه واله وسلم) الى نهاية العصر الراشدي == Political Stances For Badraiyn After The Death Of The Messenger Of Allah " Mohammed "(Peace Upon Him) Till End Of Al - Rashidi Era

Author name: علي محمود حاجم المالكي
Supervisor name: نعيم دنيان عبيد الغراوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the history has not been regarded as thinking in the past that blocked the reality and its questions , but rather it has been considered as an introduction to build the selfness and to achieve change and renaissance. The history , to implement that goal should depend on a set of factors including the deep understanding of the history and balanced vision for the past. Actually, we do not bear responsibility of what others did ,but what they did formed a strong base for any new activity. Reading the history and leading the same way others has led , provide important lessons having to be considered , as Allah Said in Quran " Have not they walked on earth and see how was the consequence of those preceded them”. Of those people were 'Badryun" who formed a significance in the Islamic history and that reached to holiness among most of Muslims. This holiness gets from their prestige via defending the religion in the battle of "Badr". The Islamic History in all its phases endowed with outstanding stages led to important results, of those stages is the battle of "Badr" in the second year of immigration. This stage has been considered as a decisive one where Muslims appeared strong that bewildered Quraish and others who were enemy to Islam and that they should re - considered their instance toward Islam. Due to victories "Badr" achieved , the Badryun became and represented the basic base for Muslims at that time. "The Badryun" that represented a huge significance in the Islamic history reached to holiness stage among many Muslims , but they had been considered as a justice hugely adhered to legislative measures the Islamic religion called for. This holiness got from their prestige that clearly reflected in their defense their religion in the Battle of " Badr". The idea of circulating theory of justice of fellows has been started and the goal behind this circulation was to make the justification a convinced one to have " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" ascend "'Caliphs". This theory makes " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" equal to fellows of the messenger "Muhammad" (Peace upon him) despite his prestige and rank and despite "Maawya 's violations. The historic reality indicated that " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" had become " Caliphate " for Mulsims where many "Badryun" are still alive.This is naturally that the political benefit necessitates to circulate the idea to have all fellows justice
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مدينة غزنة : دراسة جغرافية تاريخية (334 - 617 هـ / 945 - 1220م) == Ghazni City Historical Geography Study (334 - 617 AH / 945 - 1220 AD)

Author name: علي عبد المحسن راشد
Supervisor name: ناجي حسن هادي الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of cities in the Islamic countries gains a great benefit as it demonstrates their roles and effects on all fields of life, such as religious, political, social or scientific and shows their statues in the world. Studying cities lately in the twentieth century interested researchers who thoroughly studied cities typography and their architecture buildings which help finding out other aspects of the cities and their development.Therefore the researcher opted to study the city Ghazni by a study entitled (Ghazni City : A Geo - Historical Study 334 H/617 AD). The study covers the city geographically, historically, politically and scientifically. The reason behind choosing Ghazni, which was among the first cities conquered by pioneer men of Islam, is its importance because of : 1 - It's important location in the Islamic eastern part, Sajistan in Afghanistan which borders India. From Ghazni Muslims launched their conquests towards the region of Sind and the other parts of India. Ghaznavids had the greatest role in spreading Islam to India launching their conquests from Ghazni, until the Ghurids came and concluded the conquests and stabilized the foundations of Islam there.2 - Being a juncture of trade roads among the cities of Khorasan and Persia and the cities of Sajistan and India. It was prosperous in trade and its citizens were wealthy.3 - Its role in science and the contributions of Ghaznavids in enriching Islamic sciences and spreading Islamic civilization in India.It is worth mentioning that the researcher encountered difficulty in finding resources, particularly Persian one that deal with Ghazni. However, this didn't hinder the researcher from fulfilling this study. The study is divided into three chapters as well as appendices. Chapter one is a geographic study to the city of Ghazni; its location, borders and cities surrounding it as well as its economic activities, social sects, plans and the most prominent civilization sites and villages.Chapter two discusses with the political life of the city of Ghazni. It shows the political situation in the city in (334H/617AD) and the nations ruled it; Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Khawarismis, as well as mentioning the nature of power of each nation, the transition of poweramong these nations, how did they took power, reasons behind this, and fall of each and the reasons, Sultans and Emirs who ruled it.Chapter three discusses the scientific situation of Ghazni, the embrace of scientists by Sultans. It also mentions teaching centers and sciences studied in Ghazni whether intellectual or material as well as scientists.In the conclusion the researcher includes what outcomes the study has arrived at.
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المنهج التاريخي عند مصنفي الفهارس الرجالية الشيخ منتجب الدين الرازي (ت 585هـ) انموذجا == The Historical Approach For The Writers Of Biography Books Sheikh Muntajabaldeen Al - Razi (585 AH ) As A Model

Author name: علي عباس نسيم الوائلي
Supervisor name: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Islamic Sharia depends in great part in its principles - especially those imposed by Allah Almighty on his creatures - on worshipping. The last one depends on the principle of the good and the bad which Allah only knows and has determines to reform the condition of the people in life and hereafter. This is called worship. Islam has left a great space for man to ponder depending on his taste to see the good and the bad, and the right from the wrong, and has left him free in many of his behaviors that have no effect in the interests. This is called the permissible things. Attaining the knowledge of the stipulate principlesdepends on two important sources : the holy Quran and the Sunna taken from the narrators which is the hadith of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) and his caliphs. The narrators are the human means who inform us the divine codes, from whom we take and apply them. Therefore, we should be confident that what they have given us is the right thing. On that basis the science of Almalrijal (biography) was founded. Many books were written in that basis like the book of Al - fahares, the treatise of Al - Razzi, the biographies of al - Kishi, fihrist Al - sheikh al - Toussi. During the last decade the academic studies tackled in the higher studies for the departments of history some of the books of the imamate history which is rarely studies in other histories.The importance of this study is in being a study of the approach of biography, which is (Al - fahares) which had not been studies. That gives the thesis an originality. The thesis consisted of the following Davidsons and subdivisions : Chapter One tackles the meaning of firistand the sincerity of the narrator in determine the meaning of the sheikhs of Ejiaza , sheikh of narration. Then we defined the arts which we come up with.The second inquiry is about the narrators and the codntion of justice in their documentation, we also studied their private and general documentation. Chapter Two tackled the approaches of the fahares with a review of the first fahares. We displayed in the first inquiry the meaning of the approach and the method of conveying the information for the writers. The second inquiry tackles the study of eight old fahares which one of the materials that are in our hands. Chapter one of the second inquiry tackle in its first inquiry the biography of Al - skiekh al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi displaying important aspects of life, especially the scientific biography. The second inquiry tackles the environment in which he al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi lives.The second inquiryof the first Chapter tackles the environment in which Muntajab AldeenAlrazzi lived, i.e. the city of Ray, displaying the hsitorym geography economy and politics.Chapter two tackled the study of the fihrist of Al - Muntajab Aldeen Alrazzi study of the importance.The Conclusion includes the ideas resulted from the study. Then a list of references and resources and an abstract in English.
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الرسول الكريم وعترته الطاهرون (عليهم السلام) في مصنفات ابن تيميه : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة == The Glorious Prophet And His Etra (P) In The Classifications Of Ibn Taymiya - A Comparative, Analytical Study

Author name: علي ابراهيم عبيد الجميلي الموسوي (البصير)
Supervisor name: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This Ph. D. dissertation is divided into four parts. The first part is titled (Ibn Taymiya in his true image). It contains three chapters, the first of which is titled (His social and scientific biography). The second chapter focuses on (The features of his time). It is divided into two main essays; the first of which is titled (His political and social time). The second essay is titled (His intellectual and religious time). The third chapter studies (His style with the others and the opinions of scientists about him). It contains two essays; the first of which is about the style of Ibn Taymiya with the others. The second essay is about the opinions of scientists about him. First, the opinions of those who praised and supported him are cited. Then the opinions of those who opposed and criticized him are cited. The second part is titled (The biography of the prophet (P) in the heritage of Ibn Taymiya). It includes four chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the characteristics of the prophet (p)). The second chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the shrines of the propher (P)). The thirds chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's Offences towards the prophet of Allah (P)). The fourth chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's opinions about some of the Hadeeth quoted from the Prophet).The third part is titled (Biography of the Prince of the believers Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards some of the Ayat of Quran which praise the prince of the believers). The second chapter shows (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the narrations praising the prince of believers). The third chapter discusses (What events Ibn Taymiya denied in relation to the prince of believers (P) until his martyrdom).The fourth part is titled (Biography of the holy lady Fatima Al - Zahraa and her infallible sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Biography of the holy lady and her two noble sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). The second chapter illustrates (The biographies of the guiding Imams in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). This chapter focused on four of the guiding imams; Imam Zain Al - Abideen Ali Bin Al - Hussein, Imam Mohammed Bin Ali Al - Baqir, Imam Jaafar Bin Mohammed Al - Sadiq, and Imam Mousa Bin Jaafar Al - Kadhim (P). The final chapter in this part shows the opinions of Ibn Taymiya towards the rest of the guiding Imams, starting with Imam Ali Bin Mousa Al - Ridha, then Imam Mohammed Al - Jawad, and his son Imam Ali Al - Hadi, his grandson, Imam Hassan Al - Askari, and concluding with the Imam of the age (may Allah precipitate his relief). This dissertation reached a number of conclusions, foremost among them : 1 - One of the main reasons for the extremism of Ibn Taymiya and his stray is the political, social and environmental conditions in which he lived. Those conditions had a negative effect on his personality, in addition to what he suffered as a result of not having any tribal ties. Nobody was able to find out his tribe, even those closest to him. His most known name, Ibn Taymiya, attributes him to a woman on whom there are no known facts to illustrate her personality, position and role. 2 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya and his ideas show a clear disturbance in his personality, as he did not agree with any scientist of his time. In fact, he disagreed with all the scientists who preceded him, including those of his own Hanbali sect, and their Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal. The severity of disagreement with others led to the issue of prison sentences against him a number of times. 3 - In all of his opinions, there was not a trace of a scientific advancement or contribution to any field. Instead, his opinions clearly reflected a similarity, if not a match, to those of the Kharijites. He would attack his opponents with curses, name calling, and foul language. Then he would revile them as infidels, and confiscates their lives, families, and wealth. His fanatic opinions had a distinctive effect on some of the people. They were influenced by his opinions in a way that distorted the features of the Islamic religion. 4 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya lacks the simplest elements of a scientific opinion. They were not built on sound scientific foundations. They only matched his whims. He would support a certain theory at some time, only to contradict it at other when the conditions of the time and trends change. That goes for his positions towards other scientists; he would support them when he agrees with them, and attacks them when he disagrees. 5 - The most distinctive feature in the heritage of extremism and hatred of Ibn Taymiya is his vile animosity towards the prophet and his descendants. He strayed from the general trend of the nation, by contradicting every praise and miracle that were ever mentioned about the prophet's family.
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الاحوال العامة للاكراد في المشرق 132 - 565هـ / 749 - 1258م == General Conditions For Kurds In The Orient (132 - 656A.H\749 - 1258A.C)

Author name: علاء حبيب عبد العذاري
Supervisor name: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the history of peoples to know the political, economic, social and scientific studies of their situations that are difficult to access them, because of the uncertainty surrounding it and overlap with neighboring clans.There is no doubt that the Kurdish people have been playing an important role on the overall events, as a human species that inhabited the Muslim Levant.It differed greatly in determining the areas of their presence in this region (Mashreq), which are difficult to quantify the different Albuldanyen in drawing boundaries, so it was the Kurds who are in different forms in terms of well - traveled areas, and just as likely in other.Our study has focused them on multitude areas, due to the clarity of the civil features in terms of stability.The limits of our study them within the area bounded by the south of Armenia and even the boundaries of the country beyond the river without crossing.Researchers made no mention of this region clearly, but previous studies determined certain city, where Kurds Ooomarh presence, such as a study researcher Hossam El Din Naqshbandi City Aldeanor, study researcher Riad al - Zubaidi, the emirate Al - husnoah.This thesis consisted of six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements.The first chapter discusses : the historical origins of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first taking him to nominate the Kurds and the origin of the label, as well as eating the difference in the origin of the Kurds.The second topic addressed the geographical distribution of the Kurds in the Levant saying they are the areas, while the third section devoted to learn the language of the Kurds and their religion, the Islamic conquests of the Levant.The second chapter : dedicate the contributions of political and administrative Kurds in the Orient, and was the first of it Section eat ambitious Abu Muslim political Khorasani, while the second section may display the UAE, which created the Kurds in the Levant, and the third section dealt with the study of the contributions of administrative Kurds.The third chapter : to show the contributions of military Kurds, as well as their participation in the opposition movements of the Abbasid Caliphate, was on the three sections, the first taking him to accredited to the Kurdish military regime, while touched second section the military for their contributions and their relationships with the UAE their neighboring countries, and it was the third section has allocated to find out contributions to the Kurds in the opposition movements.The fourth chapter handled the economic conditions of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first of it dealt with agricultural activity and livestock, while the second section allocated for industrial activity, was Conclusion Chapter III Section, which touched on the commercial activity of the Kurds.The fifth chapter : to give us a clear picture of the social life of the Kurds in the Levant across three sections, we dealt with it layers of the Kurdish community, and the place of women in it, as well as the religious doctrines deployed in their country, while the second section Vtm the study of public life for the Kurds, and it was the third is dedicated to find out the mostimportant customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Kurdish community.Finally, chapter six : life science for the Kurds in the Orient, the first section dealt with the prosperity of the scientific movement factors, while the second section devoted to the scientific contributions to the Kurds in the field of religious studies, while the third section Vtm know their contributions in the field of language and humanities.
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ال حمويه الجويني ودورهم السياسي والعلمي في مصر والشام في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين == Al Hamaweh Al Jweni And Their Political And Scientific Role In Egypt And Levant In The Six And Seven Centuries A.H A Study Of The Essenion Community

Author name: علاء حامد احمد محمود
Supervisor name: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We saw the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD upswing in the scientific movement, and this activity led to the delegations of many of the Senate and science students who accuse the supply of science, especially after scientists DAI with great interest by the sultans and princes in the Levant and Egypt became their status and a great degree of high - have, especially after the Levant saw a semblance of stability in a state of Nur ad - Din and Saladin, is the science flights of the most important factors that help the activity and prosperity of the country to attract many of the learners, most of the elders who move between Islamic countries were hold boards of scientific and workshops, and was among the senators who came from the Islamic Orient to the Levant Imad Eddin Omar bin febrile year (564 AH / 1168 AD) and his son Mohammed, Prince Nur al - Din Mahmoud Zangi has honored him and assigned him the position of Sheikh Sufi sheikhs, even this has become Family great prestige of sophistication including notorious for its science and knowledge and became an active role in the revitalization of intellectual movement in the Levant and Egypt, then it soon this family that entered in the political and the diplomatic corps Vtoloa Study diplomatic embassies in the Ayyubid era fair King Mohammed full and his son, Then they turn away military positions and Adhawwa leaders and warlords and armies of soldiers, and took control the Sultanate administration, until it reached their case that consulted in the inauguration of some Ayyubid sultans, and adopted them sultans, princes Ayyubid heavily in various military and political fields.Busy and some members of the family in the scientific aspects more than the political aspects even ended up to authorship, classification and became her prestige in the Muslim communities in the Levant, Egypt and the rest of the country Islamic.The reasons that led me to write on this subject, there were several things to choose the subject.1. Statement of the original home and the society in which it was formed this family, and the statement of its position in the new society that has moved him in the Levant and Egypt.2. Clarify the role played by the family of febrile Jouini in the political, military and intellectual aspects in the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD.3. The lack of an integrated study of the achievements of febrile Jouini family, and stand on the details of those achievements that characterized it.4. After reviewing the most of what has been said about this family in most sources and references, and found it worthy of a study that examines the life of this and the impact of scientific, political and military family, according to a scientific Platform correct
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النزاعات الداخلية في المغرب في عصر الدولة الموحدية 541 - 668 هـ / 1147 - 1269م == Internal Conflicts In The Maghreb Of State Al Mohad : 541 - 668Ah/1147 - 1269 AD

Author name: عصام عبد حمود عبد الله المرعاوي
Supervisor name: بديع محمد ابراهيم الكربولي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Muslim world has with nessed throughout its history many countries have at home different aims and circumstances of its inception and its founders, these. Countries appeared necessary to save the Islamic nation from being lost, such as zingid and ayyubid states also featured other countries was the reason for the weakness of the Islamic nation and distract unity.Maghreb region has witnessed the states have a roiein spreading Islamic in the Maghreb and achieving Islamic unity to restore the prestige weakness of the Abbasid state the state Almoravid in in the Maghreb in fluence in the installation of the Islamic presence, while other countries emerged was the reason for the weakness of the Islamic nation. The Mohad dynasty tried to Islamic caliphate be strong instead of caliphs in the Abbasid and Fatimid states, and tried to lead the muslims in the IslamicMaghreb but the canses of Vulnerability entered. The Almohad dynasty shorty after to get to know the nature and causes of conflicts that tore apart the state Almohad and its impact on political life in the Islamic Maghreb chose the title of my thesis.Cinternal conflicts the Maghreb in an era of state the Almohad (541 - 668 AH/ 1147 - 1269 AC) the study included an introduction and preface four chapters and a conclusion the first chapter was the ALMohad dynasty and the extension of its rule to Anddlnsia. It has been divided into three sections. The first section of the definition of the Al Mohad and upbringing and his trip and his meeting with abdul Momin and debate with Al Moravides scientists. the second topic was to organize the AlMohad dynasty and the beging of the conflict with the AlMoravides, and control of the ALmahadis of Maghreb and Andalus and third topic to study cross AlMohades Andalus and their control over same areas. Chapter II included the conflict between AlMohades and theBanu Ghaniya, and was divided into four sections, the first section of The banu Ghaniya , their names, their origins, their role in the ALMoravid state and their relationships with the king of Castile, the second topic of conflict between AlMohades andBanu Ghaniya in the era of lsaac Bin Mohammed and his son Ali and the expansion of the conflict in the sahl Amra Patte, the third topic of the conflict with AlMohades in the era of Yahya bin lsaac and the expansion of the Banu Ghaniya in the Maghreb`s influentcet and trying to control Balearic islands, and the conflict with AlMohades in the era of Nasser AlMohad, section four of the shrinking in fluence of the Benu Ghaniya and their end in the Maghreb nd the control of AlMohades the city of mahdia and theefforts to Ruler Africa Abdul Wahid bin Abi Hafs to eliminate Benu Ghaniya , and unify Maghreb under thr rule of state AlMohades.Chapter III to the study of political disputes in Maghreb in the era of AlMohades, was divided into three section, the first section the political disputes between AlMohades and the Arab tribes, the second section political movements anit - AlMohades, the third section the political conflicts with in the family AlMohad. Chapter IV of the study of the conflict between AlMohades and the benu Marin and the fall of AlMohades state,has divided into three section, secton I Banu Marin, their origin, and their region, political role in Maghreb the conflict with the AlMohades. Section II the conflict with AlMohades in the region of caliph al Rashid AlMohad bin Zian out of obedirnce to AlMohades and control of Tlemsan and his conflict with The AlMohades caliph Al saeed.The Third topic Banu Marin control on some cities in Maghreb and wrested from the AlMohades and expand their in fluence and control over Marrakech and the end the AlMohades dynasty.Ended conclusion thesis presented the main finding in the study were included in the end of thesis contained a list of sources that have been used to complete the thesis
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احكام التجارة في كتاب المخصص لابي الحسن علي بن اسماعيل المعروف بـ ابن سيدة (ت458 هـ/1065م) : دراسة مقارنة == The Rules Of Trade In The Almukhasas Book Of Abilhasan Ali Bin Ismaeel Well Known By Ibn Sayadah (Dead On 1065 A.D) A Comparison Study

Author name: عروبة حاتم عبيد
Supervisor name: نضال حميد سعيد الربيعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After this study of the rules of trade in the Almukhasas Book. it's been possible to reach the following results : 1 - The scientist took a great unique position among his era's scientists due to what God granted this blind scientist cleverness and judiciousness in language, so he became the pioneer of language of Andulus in that time, his father insisted on teaching him since he was a child, and many great sheiks contributed in constructing his personality, also the encourage of the prince Mujahid Bin Abdullah Alaamery a big role in influencing the intellectual emerging of Ibn Sayadah. All these factors together helped in classifying his books like (Almukhasas) as the first grade linguistic lexicon in Andulus. 2 - Ibn Sayadah depend mainly in enriching his knowledge on the books of his previous linguistics like Alkhaleel , Sibawaiyh, Abi Ali Alfaricy and Ibn Jiniy and others, Ibn Sayadah was searching in every subject then make it his resource like books of Ibn Alsikeet, Thalab Abi Zaid Alansary, Ibn Alarabi and Alihyani and others. 3 - Ibn Sayadah is considered as the first lexicon where rules of Islamic Shariah were explained, was like a rich sea source of knowledge, a saturated records including a lot of tales in the economic Islamic intellect , these tales included many significant economic subjects. 4 - Its turns out that many of Ibn Sayadah books that were mentioned in his Almukhasas book were extremely briefed in information, that some of them were one line only no more. 5 - Ibn Sayadah affirmed on applying rules that regulate commercial exchange and these rules emanated from Quran and completed their content from Prophet Mohamed Sunna and added from what prudent mentioned that explained what was similar in these rules. 6 - All Ibn Sayadah's books came simultaneously with what decided in the Islamic economic method in trade , so he called people to work with and make them as the most blessed ways of living, and bounded it with a borders of values and stipulations that make them as a common benefits for individuals and groups. It warns from the taboo trades or manipulating the forbidden trades in any kind of dealing. 7 - The novels of Ibn Sayadah explained in the field of market management as the care of Islam in this matter with an extreme care, that Islam apply a precise system that ensure no any oppression upon the dealers, he insisted on reaching of the commodity till be in the market so that the seller realize the sound price of the commodity without any pressure. 8 - Ibn Sayadah explained about cheating in market and how Islam prohibited that like cheating the purchaser to be convinced to buy it with a more excessive expensive price far from its real value, or like showing the client the good part of the commodity and hide the decade part of it, mixing the bad materials with good ones warned against asking another client to pretend willing to buy goods with a more high price to convince others to buy that goods. 9 - Economic Ibn Sayadah's novels insisted on truthful dealing, considered the high value ethics as a lofty feature and interacted with economic dealing legislations apparently with no ambiguity.10 - The Islamic economic style with comprehensiveness in its rules and according to the common benefit, that its rules were not temporary or instantaneously but they were for common and including all people and for all times, as prove for that what issued against wine trading that these rules were emanated from Quran as the verses of Quran opposite to this matter were not addressing a special group of people of in a certain time but the rule crucial and for all human being and for all times including nowadays. 11 - Almukhasas included kinds of contract treatments like entrepreneur and partnership and his statements were correspondent to the Islamic economic method in discrimination between entrepreneur and partnership by placing each in its appropriate position ,because the capital of the company is from all partners, means the work is the right of every partner even if he didn’t work in the company, while in the entrepreneur the capital is submitted from a side and the work is submitted from another side.12 - Almukhasas included many novels of sales, some of them were sound sales, prohibited sales that have many manipulations and oppressions like cheating, expired materials and fake goods, they are void and agreed are prohibited in all Islamic doctrines.
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الصلات العلمية بين العراق ومصر (247 - 334هـ/861 - 945م) == Scientific Links Between Iraq And Egypt (247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD)

Author name: عبير غني كاظم الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This title of this thesis is ((Scientific links between Iraq and Egypt(247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD))). This thesis was divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with the study of the most important scientific centers in Baghdad and Egypt, which helped to lay the foundations of the Islamic faith. It included the most important scientific centers, including mosques and Koranic schools, councils and debates and aspects of books and (Al - warakeen) books sellers shops and others. While the second chapter of religious sciences marked by the science of the Koran, which included science readings, cut short as the study of celebrity readings scientists between Iraq and Egypt and learning in their councils.As well as modern science through the concept of the modern and the role of the people of Iraq and Egypt in the supplement of this science and published in Egypt and the journey in the pursuit of knowledge between the two countries.And also a study of Jurisprudence and science as the study focused on the concept of an Islamic Fiqh and its development through historical stages and the emergence of Islamic sects and the motives that led to the emergence of those doctrines. And the study of the most important scholars between the two countries and also in this chapter study of the most important Sufi mysticism and scientists between the two countries.Chapter three, includes language and grammar, the most prominent linguists and grammarians in Iraq, Egypt and the hair and the most prominent poets in Iraq, Egypt and different kinds of prose.And stand on this science scholars between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important of flights between the two countries in this scientific field. Turning in the fourth quarter to the humanities and included historical, geographical, knew the history and contributions of the two scientists in providing the historical thought. And the most prominent historians in Iraq and Egypt have been in this chapter the study of geographical and highlighted the contributions of scientists and researchers in geographic knowledge.The fourth chapter has been included on the mental sciences between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important contributions of scientists in providing the scientific movement between Baghdad and Egypt in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy, translation, astronomy and chemistry.The we record our findings and conclusion through this thesis with a summary of the findings of the results taken from approved sources in the search.
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المرويات التاريخية لسبط ابن الجوزي ومنهجه في كتابه مراة الزمان في تواريخ الاعيان للمدة (590 - 654هـ/1193 - 1256م) == The Historical Narratives For Sebt Ibn Al Jawzy And His Approach In His Book Mera'At Al Zaman Fe Toearekh Alaian For Period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D)

Author name: عبد الرزاق عبد الرسول رشيد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي حسن الغضبان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Saw the seventh century A.H / thirteenth century A.D the emergence of a group of historians, eminent, who had a significant role in the field of historical notation, and perhaps the most important of these historians Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi , and who knew large in various fields of science for his contributions, including historical writing, it left us Legacy great in this area, and represents in his book (mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian ) , as this book is one of the most important sources of Islamic history, especially Ayoubi, where increasing importance of this book in the period under study (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), as well as it that Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi were age at that time, it was a companion to the kings built Ayoub, participated with them in some political events, and as a result he has left us a wealth of important historical novels about that era. In this sense, we have found that the character of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi historical Narratives and systematize the study in his book mera'at al zaman for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D) extensive scientific study indispensable, because of its importance and the lack of studies on this subject; so we decided to respond to this topic To shed some light on the personality of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his book mera'at al zaman. Necessities study has necessitated the division of this research into four chapters, preceded by an introduction and followed by a finale, where we dealt with in the first chapter biography of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi and his time, as this chapter is divided into three sections, presented the first section of the biography of the life of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi personal, and either the second topic was eating sebt Ibn Al Jawzi era political and cultural terms, while we dealt with in the third section of the Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi of Scientific Biography. While we were in the second quarter to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian and the methodology of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi the period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD), this chapter is divided into two sections we discussed in the first section of it to publicize the book mera'at alzaman fe toearekh Alaian, while eating the second topic approach in which sebt Ibn Al Jawzi - period (590 - 654 AH / 1193 - 1256 AD). The third and fourth chapters, it has touched the two historical Narratives of Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi for period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256A.D) we have in which to read the book mera'at al zaman , collecting Narratives pertaining period under study, and the extrapolation of other historical sources that dealt with this period, and compared with the report by Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi novels, and discussing the novels in which historians disagree, and install agreed novels. In the third chapter we dealt with the historical Narratives of sebt Ibn Al Jawzi from the Abbasid Caliphate other Narratives sporadic period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), this chapter is divided into two sections we dealt with in the first section Narratives Sebt Ibn Jawzi of the succession to Al Nasser ledin Allah , for the period (590 - 622 A.H / 1193 - 1225 A.D), while the second part, we have been in it to Narratives from the Abbasid Caliphate period (622 - 654 A.H / 1225 - 1256 A.D) Other Narratives scattered about the Almohad dynasty in Morocco and Andalusia, and the natural phenomena and facts bizarre period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D). The fourth chapter discussed Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period (590 - 654 A.H / 1193 - 1256 A.D), has been divided into three sections, we dealt with in the first section Narratives for the Ayyubid period (590 - 615 A.H / 1193 - 1218 A.D), and the section The second has been Narratives for the Ayyubid in the era the King Al Kamel Mohammed(615 - 635 A.H /1218 - 1237 A.D), while the third section addressed to Sebt Ibn Al Jawzi Narratives from the Ayyubid and Mamluk period(635 - 654 A.H /1237 - 1256 A.D). Have we faced during this study, many of the difficulties, and perhaps most notably the difficult security situation which is going through our beloved country, which negatively impacted us, this as well as the large number of scientific material and abundance, we have tried as much as possible to cover all aspects of the study, and other obstacles that we faced is the difficulty in obtaining some sources, we have been able, thanks to God Almighty to overcome most of these difficulties.
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الاوضاع العامة لليهود في دول حوض البحر المتوسط والمشرق الاسلامي من خلال رحـــلة بنيامين التطيلي == Public Affairs Of Jews In The State Of Mediterranean Basin And Islamic East Through Voyage Benjamin Alttili

Author name: طاهر عبد الله حسن الملحمي
Supervisor name: عبد الستار مطلك درويش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Anbar
Language: Arabic
University location: Anbar
First pages:
Abstract: Arab gave a special interest to the civilizational aspects and they used the writing process in so many perspectives in the earlier time before. Further, in an earlier time, so many scientific books of the historical aspects had appeared in both East and West. These books prepared great information about the cities that Arab scientists and researchers visited, such as Ibn Jubeer(614 AH.), in his scientific trip which is named (Ticket news for travel agreements),and Ibn Batota(779 AH.) in his scientific trip (Catching masterpiece in oddity Alomassar and the wonders of travel ). Some of the Arab researchers gave an interest during the study of these trips by which the importance of our subject which is the tripe of the Jew, Penjameen Al - tattily(561 - 569 AH./1165 - 1173 AD.) to be a study of a master degree because he is not Arabian and not Muslim. So it is an attempt to find out what he wrote and mentioned about the situations of Jews in the Mediterranean. Al - tattily set out from Andalusia to Zaragoza, and then he visited the countries of the Mediterranean such as France, Italy, and Byzantine Empire. Then, he reaches the Islamic countries in the East. He visited several cities and countries during the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Caliphate. Al - tattely was the considered as the envoy from Jews politicians in order to see the situations of Jews in all the countries that they live, and especially in the Islamic world. The Islamic countries was considered from Jews as the save zone for the Jews people. He gave a study for the trip of the Jews in the East and West, and he gave a statistical number for any city that they travelled from. The aim of his study was to hide the truth about Jews situations in East and West, and to make an analogy between the two sides in order to be sure of their good situations in the Eastern Islamic countries, as it was confirmed by Peniameen Al - tettely. The Jews was received a good treatment and an interest from Muslims in contrary of the miser level living and the bad treatment that they received from European and how they were castaway and hated in the European societies in specific and in the Western societies in general. Jews tried to distort the Islamic religion in their historical writings. From this study, It can be noticed the following : - It was recognized that the Islamic world and since, it was founded by the Prophet Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him) had granted liberty to Dhimmis(people who are not Muslims such as Jews). Furthermore, according to what is named as( Dar al - Islam), Jews were given a great liberty in the Islamic countries. That is to say, Jews were interested in their religious worshipping and their work inside the Islamic society. But, in the West, Jews were given miser treatment when they were living during the middle ages in the European societies so they set out to the other countries and especially to the Islamic ones in order to live peacefully. - The trip of Peniameen Al - tattely has a special character which is characterized by its difficult style, and it is possible to name it as a semi - style. This semi - style is different from the other trips such as the Islamic trips and the trips coming from Europe the Torah. - The situations of Jews were differently recognized between East and West because of the different relationships between them, and for the different political governments between East and West. In the Islamic countries, Jews has all rights by which they were considered by the Muslim caliphs as dhimmis, and they were imposed to pay what is named in Islam as tribute. Additionally, Muslims caliphs appointed so many Jews in the administrative and the financial jobs. But in Europe, they suffered from persecution and the displace. This thesis is started with an introduction, the analysis of the references and the conclusions. Further, the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a study about tribes and globetrotters (people who did the tribes). These tribes are very important because they were considered as the resources that the researcher depends on. In this chapter, there is a recognize about the character who did the tribe, and the reasons behind his leaving the Western countries and going to Eastern cities, and why he then, came back to the Western ones. The second chapter is about the European Jews, and to shed light on the way of their live there. Also, in this chapter, the researcher speaks about the way of liberation of Andalusia and the stand of Jews from this liberation. It is worth mentioning that in this thesis, there is a reference to the situations of Jews before the liberation of Andalusia. It also sheds light on the political situations of the countries of the Mediterranean basin(France, Italy and the Byzantine Empire). Finally, this chapter shows the stand of Christians towards Jews. The third chapter is about the situations of Jews in Abbasid state, and the stand of Abbasid succession. This chapter is also to speak about the political and social situations of Jews that were so good under the rules of Muslims. Furthermore, there is a reference to Jews schools that have a prominent status in Islam, and to speak about Head Galot(Ra's aljalut) and its position, and the charm of the Christian, Dawood Bin Al - Rohy. The fourth chapter is a study about Fatimids entering to Egypt, and the situations of Jews under the Fatimids state and the stand of Fatimids from Jews. Also there is a reference to the jobs that Jews professed under the Fatimids rules. Then, this chapter shows how Jews built churches and houses, and what is the stand of Fatimids successors from these churches and houses. It is worth mentioning that the importance of this chapter comes from the fact that it shows us the living level of Jews from one hand. From the other hand, it shows us their freedom of practicing the religious rituals and other religious occasions and building churches, houses and also building other synagogues
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المستشرق الاسباني ميغيل اسين بلاثيوس (1871 - 1944) وجهوده في التراث الاسلامي == Spanish Orientalist Miguel Asin Palacios' And His Efforts Of Islamic Heritage

Author name: ضياء ماجد حسن العبودي
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: A study of the orientalist's , Miguel As?n Palacios, efforts for Islamic heritage is of vital significance that needs a more investigative attention which can explore the privilege of this scholar in Islamic and Arabic studies. His theses and views, with reference to his presentation of Islamic outstanding scholars and their efficient role and contributions, his introduction of the active chemistry between Islam and Christianity, and his introduction of medieval Arabic and modern Spanish, are highly appreciated and influential. Chapter one, titled "The Inception of Spanish Orientalism untill Miguel As?n Palacios", is divided into two sections; section one introduces the early stages of Spanish orientalism and its peculiarities compared to European attempts, while section two is devoted to Miguel As?n Palacios with reference to his early life and study in Zaragoza, Arag?n, besides his professors; Francisco Codera and Juli?n Ribera. Chapter two, titled "Miguel As?n Palacios's Studies of Islamic Prominent Scholars and Scientists", is divided into two sections; section one introduces his studies of logic and Islamic theology highlighting the principles of Islamic doctrines in Al - Ghazali, Ibn Hazm and Ibn Tamlous's works.Whereas section two studies prominent Islamic philosophers like Ibn Bajah, Ibn AlUraif, and Ibn Asayed. Ibn Bajah, who is the forerunner among his contemporary philosophers, has been studied extensively by Palacios who has published Ibn Bajah's "Mahassen AlMajales". At the end of this chapter, Ibn Asayed is studied by Palacios who has published his book "AlHadaaiq". Chapter three, titled" The Beginning of Sufism in Andalusia", spotlights on what Palacios has written on Ibn Masarra of C?rdoba and his school shedding lights on Palacios' ideas and views. That is, Palacios' ideas and views of Ibn Masarra and his Sufism school as well as how Ibn Arabi's sufisim impacting greatly Palacios' thinking, are presented. Chapter four, titled "The Influence of Islam on Christianity for Palacios' Thinking", is divided into three sections. Section one examines the relationship between Sadilies Sufism and Spanish Christian Sufism. Section two studies the influence of Israa and Mirraaj story on Divine Comedy by Dante where Palacios has traced back the origin of this work to the Islamic heritage and culture. Section three investigates the impact of Ibn Rushd of C?rdoba on St. Thomas Aquinas. Palacios finds that the Islamic philosophy has an impact on the Dominican sect represented by Thomas Aquinas. Palacios has thoroughly studied the writings of both these philosophers finding that there is a great similarity between their views and theses, and Thomas Aquinas has been greatly affected by Ibn Rushd's views and methodology. In other words, Thomas Aquinas has adopted the Islamic theology originally proposed by Ibn Rushd after the adoption of the Islamic heritage and culture for Christian doctrine of Eastern Church; whereas Dante has not taken a lot from Islamic ideology in his Divine Comedy except for Ibn Arrabi who is considered a Christian orientalist in his views and ideas
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اقليم خراسان : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية من سنة 132هـ الى سنة 656هـ == Khurasaan Canton Study In Historical Geography From The Year 132 H To 656H

Author name: صدام جاسم محمد البياتي
Supervisor name: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: No doubt that subject of historical geography from important subjects which need from researcher understanding action the geography surrounding in the historical events , if the understanding of history understanding rational need good knowledge in change of surrounding circumstances which located in frame it history events , but that such this knowledge necessity most of the time , to test truth of historical narration and stipulated from limit it truth , for the sake of securing this aim need knowledge farther to study historical geography.Now that this meaning was developed to pass historical ages and according to different point of view , where know its study of outward look change to surrounding , we refer to also it is the science which have explanation the geography action in historical events , by that historical geography underline about political changeable border to canton and what it relating in that from wars names and invasions which led to obtain canton or lose it , from that appears that historical geography not small branch from geography branches as economic geography and political geography but it group complementary geographies ,and through this preface to definition in term the historical geography we outs in glance about it , he is complement the geography in all branches especially the rights of natural and humanity to service the history events and advance it incidents.Perhaps choose khurasaan canton pivot to study because it was from important cantons added to Islamic Arab state , because of the geography locality who distinguished in it in the farther of northeast , then to the humanity fortune and natural which distinguished in I on all levels and sides from growing , industry , trade , building and mineral fortune.Therefore historian worthier large interest in news this canton and care mentioned it towns and villages and workers and scholars ,and may be reason in that return to this canton since Arab occupy it staying in it a lot of Arab tribes , until close to be part from Arab Islamic lands , also the mixture culture and customs and traditions of Arabic with customs and traditions of Persian overdo action even the Arabic language became the language of culture and political in khurasaan to late time.And no hidden on more that khurasaan canton active role in a lot of political events and specially Ala,Abassiya invitation who choice from it place for spreading it thoughts and declaration after that and dashing from it toward Iraq and toppling in The Umayyad Caliphs at year (123H).This Study includes : Prelude and five chapters , beside the conclusion and a list of sources and modulation and references. The first chapter have administrative geography to khurasaan , and clarifying the name and the location and the border and geography climate , then important administrative terms in khurasaan. The second chapter from study have the civilization outward to cities and building in khurasaan , from where mentioned important khurasaan cities such as Naesaboor , Marow , Huraat , and Balakh , and it civilization development and building. The third chapter we review the population setup to khurasaan social and action of natural disasters and diseases in it , and clarifying settling of population in khurasaan. The fourth chapter special to study economic geography to khurasaan canton , we try clear natural fortune and progress the economic trinity to canton from growing ,industry , and tradeThe five chapter special to study political history to khurasaan canton from the year (132 H to 656 H) , for the sake of clarifying political geography to canton and active the geography members in it. At last was The conclusion to explain the importance what was the research reach to from results about this study. At the end I want to show that I do my best in this research and if Successes in it that will be from God merciful. if it was the other side so that from myself that because I want to be most clear in my research and in God we trust.
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القصة التاريخية في الكتب السماوية التوراة - الانجيل - والقران الكريم : دراسة مقارنة == Historical Story In The Heavenly Books The Torah - The Bible And The Koran) A Comparative Study

Author name: شيماء بدر عبد الله السراي
Supervisor name: عطا سلمان جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: Wasit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: It included three monotheistic books the Torah and the Bible and the Koran a lot of stories that dealt with many topics, Kqss creation of the universe, and the creation of plants and animals, the story of the creation of man, and the stories of the Prophets and Messengers (peace be upon them), and many others. The variety of the heavenly books and the methodology of each of them in the revenue these stories techniques, also differed as well as degree of trust in which after the long hand of interpolating some of them specifically (the Torah and the Bible), The Koran Valemteman which sees a lot of stories contained therein on different themes, but that is noticeable the goal of these stories clearly see that it is not purely historical Despite being a historical stories, but that reflected the goal is that people familiar with the conditions to take a bite and a lesso. And the fact that the historical story stands out clearly in the heavenly books therefore we took this to be the subject of our research, which we called "the historical story in the heavenly books (the Torah, the Bible and the Koran) - A Comparative Study". The research has necessitated the need to split the four seasons, with an introduction exporter dealt with the idea of research and a presentation of the most important sources used in it, and we dealt with it in preparation, "the story and methodology in the heavenly books." We discussed in the first chapter and which Smonah as "the story of creation and training in the heavenly books," and we have the story of the creation of the heavens and the earth and the story of the creation of animals and plants and the story of human creation represented. by Adam and Eve, the father of mankind, and their children the story of Cain and Abel. The second chapter is marked as "the story of the Apostles (peace be upon them) in the heavenly books", we have studied the historical story contained in the stories of the prophets : Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Prophet Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon them all). In the third chapter, which we called "Stories of the Prophets (peace be upon them) contained in the holy books," it was dedicated to the study of historical story contained in the stories of the prophets : Idris and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and Joseph and Elias (peace be upon them all). As we discussed in the fourth quarter marked "Stories of the Prophets (peace be upon them) and the above - Nations," which has studied the historical story contained in the stories of the prophets : Lot and Shoaib and David and Solomon, and Job (peace be upon them all). Agafina thesis and conclusion dealt with a summary of the most important research and the conclusions we have reached). Find and necessitated the need to rely on a variety of sources, divided in terms of its article to the scientific, historical sources and sources of interpretation and the Hadith, as well as linguistic sources, and other sources. The study found after this effort to a set of conclusions are : - 1 - replete with holy books (the Torah, the Bible and the Koran) many of the stories and themes vary content of those measures, dealt with stories of creation and configuration and stories of the prophets and messengers and clans stories above and other stories. 2 - different divine books among them in the way revenue of these stories and the purpose of them, while they Torah supplied in a historic predominantly narrative and lengthening as well as the approach to the Bible, while the Koran presents those stories the character and preaching indicative, despite the fact that the stories provided with a historical character that is attached on the previous prophets and apostles and the UN, all historical stories, but it does not deal with it according to that, we do not see the historical dimension where beating the general approach of the story, but he was content with the placement of the Koran lesson from them. 3 - approach the Torah not to balance RPR in the stories and historical events that Ahtutea listed, sometimes be offered for a long story. As we see in other times it is limited to mention the story rapidly and stands for a lot of the details. 4 - Given that the Torah and the Bible may Donna after a relatively long period of Nzulhma on God's prophets Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them), it has extended to them by the distortion and manipulation of large manipulated them, while keeping the Koran did not misrepresented. 5 - abused Torah distorted much to the place of the Prophets (peace be upon them), including attributed to them from the abusive acts that can not accept it from ordinary human beings as well as the prophets. 6 - characterized as the Torah as well as its proximity to a lot of exaggerations and inaccuracies with respect to the stories that dealt with, and the events that I mentioned. This is due to the distortion of course, who have long been at the hands of her book.
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ابرز احداث الحروب الصليبية بين مؤرخيها المعاصرين العرب واللاتين : دراسة نقدية مقارنة (489 - 895هـ/ 1095 - 1489م) == The Most Outstanding Events Of The Crusader Wars Between The Contemporary Arab And Latin Historians (A Comparative Critical Study 489 - 895 A.H./ 1095 - 1489Ac)

Author name: شروق مجيد محيبس السراج
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الستار عبد القادر الزهاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis deals with the most outstanding events of the crusader wars between the contemporary arable and Latin historians (a comparative critical study, an image that is governed in two opposite views, an Islamic view towards a Latin topic of the crusader wars, by all its events and consequences. These are the topics of our thesis from the beginning of the Crusades and the results it comes up with. The thesis concludes that in spite of the difference of the two views, there are many agreements and similarities that led to the signing of conventions and between the two parties, and also led to attitudes that were governed by tolerance like the attitude of Salah Alden Al - Ayubi towards the residents of Jerusalem when liberated it from the Crusader control, and how he treated the Crusader prince who were captured in Haotin Battle. Also, a notable example was how Al - Kamil Al - Ayubi, sultan of Egypt, treated the emperor Fredriech II. There was a friendly relationship at the hands of the Crusades. The thesis also concludes through some of the Latin historians that there were admiration and praise as a result of following the policy of tolerance and pardon as well as recognition of their knighthood and heroism like the case of EmadAldinZenki and his son Nor - Aldin Mahmoud and Salah Aldin. The research proves that failure which afflicted the mogul - Crusade against Muslims, especially in the Levant and Egypt, had reasons and consequences the most importance reason was the solidarity and coherence among the Muslim factions for the reason of evacuate the Holy Lands for any foreign existence. It shows that the divisions among the Crusaders princes, monarchs and knights, especially the English and the French, and the French and Germans, were not divisions because of competition and the capturing of authority, but mostly due to the feeling in Europe in general and in Papal feeling that those monarchs and princes do not serve the Crusader and the Cross cause, but they were out of the papal claim that they were out of law. Therefore, the Pope made a decree to excommunicate the German Emperor Friedrish II. Also, the weakness form which the crusaders suffer becomes clear when the sought support by the Moguls. But the Crusaders were not united in that alliance with the Moguls. Antakya allied with them and some refused the alliance as in Akka. The research concludes that the Muslim husotrianswere not neutral and objective in dealing with the Crusader leaders and they were described as ‘damned and outlaws’ and ‘heretics who worship the trinity.’ Many of the historians did not mention the name of the king but they only mention the title like ‘the Prince,’ ‘the King’ or the Emperor’ and the like. The study concludes that the mutual civilizational effects between the Muslim east and the Latin west were one - sided which resulted in the future European Renaissance that includes all the intellectual, military and social fields. The civilizational sharing which happened after warring and aggressing andhostility made the Europeans recognize not only their defeat but also they acknowledged the crimes which they had committed. Finally, this thesis is like a work that contributeswith other researches and studies about the Crusader movement as a suitable place, before the judges of history, for the disasters and pains it caused and has left behind.
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مرويات ال البيت (عليهم السلام) في مؤلفات السيد نعمة الله الجزائري (1050 - 1112هـ)

Author name: سوزان ازاد نوري
Supervisor name: بهجة علي محمد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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اسرة ال اعين واثرهم في الاسلام == The Aain Family And Their Impact In Islam

Author name: سهيل صالح جالي المالكي
Supervisor name: صباح شاكر فليح الغراوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: All pries is to do Allah and peace and blessing be upon Muhammed and his househeld. The Islamic message were not addressed to a particular nation or nationalism, but it was a message to all the nations of different religions and origins and nationalities, and that is absorbed by all these elements and was able to collect in Bodqp which all loyalties melted, and became the only loyalty to the religion and resulted in great human civilization which emerged humanitarian features and scientific, and study the history of families is one of the important studies in Islamic history, no doubt they dealt with the study of the lives of numerous characters and contain so many different roles carried out by those personalities emerge in stages. This was the nature of the research required to make it in the introduction, three chapters, that chapters was not equal; and according to the scientific article that are available for each chapter, and that has been reached and gathered from sources, began to head - in which showed the importance of the subject and the reason for choosing the subject, the contents of the chapters , and the methodology and the difficulties encountered and overview of sources and references,.. then fundamental conclusion we have drawn them to this thread points, and supplement, as well as proven sources and references. the first chapter title : ( definition of the family of Al Aain of the political, intellectual, and their era) in which we highlighted on (Sensn) family grandfather, and find out the origin of the family, then find out (the Aain) and the father of the family that his name, and how to enter in Islam and joining the tribe of Bani Shiban which We lived Kufa, and then we reviewed and audited in the some of his soons , and the different narrators in it, and the piography of each person of men Al Aain and their, soons who were linked to the Imams (peace be upon them), and then we talked about the home of the family, their mosque, and we ended to the Chapter to speak about the political their time and intellectual especially in the reigns of Imam Muhammad al - Baqir and Ja'far al - Sadiq (peace be upon them); Because of their close contact with them, and their commitment to the pace of the household (peace be upon them).The second chapter entitled (interpretative impact, and ethical impact, historical impact) talked about the importance of interpretation, and aware of the readings. One of the sons of the family the readings scientists, and looked at the impact of family men in interpretative area, as well as a review of some models of their novels in interpretation Quran and divided it into : what came in the prophets and their people, and the other in the Imams (peace be upon them) and the Shiites, then the moral impact, and a profile science ethics, their talks for Imams (peace be upon them) in the moral side, the choice of divided it into sections models, according to the alphabet, then historical events, it dealt with the display models of the age of the message events, and the Umayyad era, and in the novel Mahdism And singled out the third chapter and last title (verbal impact and impact idiosyncratic) which dealt with the impact of verbally family, and divided into three points : the first : for theology defined and its origins and its importance, and the second : Speakers of the Al Aain and their role in the debate the people of deviant beliefs, and. Ideological talks in (Theology), while the impact idiosyncratic talked about jurisprudence, and the history of jurisprudence, and scholars of the family, and especially the role of Ben Zuraarah in this area, and the rest of the men of the family, and in the jurisprudence(branches of religion). The curriculum in writing is to deal with the sources of cash closer reading and analysis of information on sources and compared with each other through information analysis and linked with each other and the information that conclusion describes the impact of the family, and especially in relation to novels.
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الاسر العلمية في المغرب العربي واثرها في الحياة العامة من القرن الثالث الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري == The Scientific Families In The Arab Maghreb And Their Impact On The Public Life From The Thirteen Century A.H. Until The End Of The Eighth Century A.H

Author name: سندس غني عريبي الحديثي
Supervisor name: سهيلة مزبان حسن
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الاسرات العلمية من الظواهر البارزة في الثقافة العربية الاسلامية منذ العصور القديمة ولقد شجع الفتح الاسلامي في المغرب بعد انتشار الاسلام ورسوخ الحضارة والفكر الاسلامي في المغرب العربي على ظهور العديد من الاسر العلمية التي كان لهم الدور البارز والمميز | The scientific families are considered is one of the prominent manifestations of the Arabic Islamic culture since old times. The Islamic conquest encouraged the emergence of many scientific families after the spread of Islam in the Mghreb. They had an eminent role in the history of the Arab Maghreb states. The scholars and scientists have got the care and the interests through the different Islamic ages not only of the authority but also the social strata. They are, as the Holy Scripture stipulates, the inheritors of the prophets. That made their circle lofty. Each family of the scientific families has a tangible impact in that. Among them there were families who succeeded science and art and knowledge. They assumed the highest social statuses, and their role was not sufficed to the other fields like trade, judiciary and ministration. That is attributable to the emergence of the role of families as the nuclei of the Islamic society in which the individual is raised and are cultivated. Among the many reasons that led me up to choose that subject is the care of scholars in old and modern times, and the impact of that in the various aspects of life in general. However, no study has tackled scientific families comprehensively. I endeavored to explain the features of the scientific families from which many scholars and scientists descent, in every field. Each one followed the course of that who preceded him, and it was among the reasons is to reveal the role of scientific families which were spread in the Maghreb state. The nature of the study requires the division into an introduction, a preface, four main chapters and an introduction as well as abstracts in Arabic and English. The Introduction tackles the geographic position of the state of Maghreb, and the states which were established there starting of the Aghalibiya state and ending with the Hafsiya state. Chapter Two was devoted to the study of the role of scientific families and the most prominent sciences with which they mastered. Chapter Three was devoted to the study of the impact of scientific families in the administrative, political and military aspects.Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of scientific families in the social and economic life. The Conclusion includes the summary of the findings and then the references and sources.
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المرويات التاريخية في كتابات الشيخ المفيد (ت336 - 413هـ/ 947 - 1022م) == The Historical Narrations In The Books Of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed 336 - 413 AH / 947 - 1022Ah

Author name: سندس زيدان خلف الشجيري
Supervisor name: جاسم صكبان علي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: It's well - recognized for all , that History is considered a record for time and civilizations as well as a measuring system for State' Conditions and the great men who were mentioned by the History either because of their own genius in sciences , fighting or in Policy. Arab & Islamic Homeland had presentedgreat numbers of Historians and Scientists who were greatly mentioned in History. Amongst them was Al Sheikh Al Mofeed(336 - 413 / 947 - 1022) who was characterized with originality and pedigree in ideology as well as with the penetrating mind in comprehension the Islamic Sciences , and , learning , and all these characteristics were reflected into his many books in the fields of Islamic Law "Al - Fak'h" , Exegeses , Tradition "Hadith" , History , Philosophy and Dialectic. So , he was considered as Encyclopedia Of His Time in the space of Islamic Sharia and other fields. His own thoughts were regarded as expanding books and summarized messages in various Human Sciences up to our time as delightful and fruitful lessons to understand the facts which are accompanied with evidences such as The Holly Quran and Sunna and else which are emerged first.For the importance of studying History , we must depend on great accuracy in transforming History with examining and full study in order not to be used by enemy who intend to destroy our Civilized and Dogmatically Libraries. In other hand , we must , as well , to study Our History in full examining and understanding and screening it from any smears , and to purify it so as to appear in very clear and pure form to be benefit for others.Al Sheikh Al Mofeed had paid great interests for the historical books while his books were estimated about 200 Books , just 46 one wen did receive as Volume , books or Letters. He was characterized with the new method as he had a critical sense and great ability of analyzing to study the event and to submit it in an easy method far from ambiguous and free of equivocation as it was represented by Arabic ciceronian Style with boldness and easiness of words , besides discussing the points of view in calm and frank style depending on the mental evidences. Since the studies that had dealt with Al Sheikh Al Mofeed ' books were very few , additionally , that this Study will give the reader a general idea about his own books which had included intimations and news about The Prophet Mohammed (Almighty Allah peace upon him) and other prophets , therefore we have selected The Historical Narrations in the Books of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed. Thesis is subdivided into two sections : - The First One : ? First Chapter has included the general countenances for The Era ofAl Sheikh Al Mofeed , and it is divided , as well , into four topics , the first one is the political Countenances , the second one is about Economic Countenances , the third one is about the Social Countenances while the fourth one is concentrated on The Cultural Countenances in Baghdad.? Second Chapter has included the Personal & the Scientific Biography of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed. It's , also , subdivided into three topics , the first one His own Personal Biography such as His Full Name and surname , his birth , his life in very details , his personality , his death and , last , his tomb. While the second topic has included his scientific biography with mentioning to several number of instructors who had appreticed with , then some of his practical life. The third topic it is concerned with his own scientific position among the instructors , then an aspect of his practical life is mentioned to. The third topic , the last one , has referred to his scientific position among other thinkers and scientists of that period with mentioning for several of his students.? Last but not latest , Chapter three which has included the approach of Al Sheikh Al Mofeedin writing his books , it's subdivided into three topics as well, the first topic is ti submit all his books with classifying them according to their subjects with rapid presenting for the titles of his own books which couldn't find yet , while the second topic has dealt with the historical approach in writing his books which has distributed in ten points , first of all is his using Reference in his writings as well as depending on brief and details and his mentioning to Quantities , Countries and Names for the persons and their surnames and ancestries accompanied with dates in writings ,as well as , setting introductions for each subject , in addition to refer to some explanations for some leggings and measurements , last he depended on using the repetition. The third topic had dealt with his quotes and references which are divided into four groups : such as Verses Of Holy Quran , Hadith Of The Prophet and the written or the audible references and the documents. - The Second One : ? Chapter One of Thesis which includes The Historical Narrations in the Books of Al Sheikh Al Mofeed , as a result of the embranchment of these Narrations' subjects besides their shortness and disability of classifying them , sometimes , in a chief axis , therefore the scientific necessity was demanded dividing them not on the base of their subjects but they are divided into divisions according to the political , ideological , economic or social purposes , they are as following below : Chapter One has dealt with the political field in five topics , the first topic has studied the narrations at The Prophet Mohammed (Peace upon him) and it was described due to their events such as BADR BATTLE , OHOD BATTLE ,when The Prophet had replaced some companionate to be deputized instead of him in Fighting or praying affairs. The second topic has dealt with the narrations at the era of ABO BAKER (Allah Bless him)and his reign Islamic Caliphate , while the third topic has dealt with the era of OTHMAN BIN AFFAN (Allah Bless him)and his reign Islamic Caliphate and the narration of his assassination , and the fourth topic has dealt with the narrations of IMMAM ALI BIN ABI TALEB as well as mentioning to GHADEER KHOM And AL JAMMAL BATTLE as well as to mention his assassination and his Holly Shrine , the fifth topic , the last one , has dealt with the narrations of IMMAM HUSSIEN ( Peace on him ) As well as has dealt with AL TAFF BATTLE and the effects of this Battle and how it had happened.? Chapter Two has been represented with the Conceptual Field , and to submit the most important narrations which Al Mofeed had referred to , was the narrations of the Historical criticism.The second topic Al Sheikh Al Mofeedhad referred to several divisions and had divided them into two parts , the first one the Islamic group like Shiite , Al Imamia, Al Kesania , Al Nawoosea , Al Mu'atazala , Al Zaidiya , Al Karamita , Al Isma'eeliya , Al Shamtiya and others. As well as mentioning to the meaning of Exaggeration " AL GHOLO ". Secondly dealing with The Non - Islamic Groups , while the third topic has referred to the case of Disappearance (Al Ghayba) and the narrations of AL MEHDI UBIITY (peace on him) and mention also , first , to The Holy Scriptures , secondly , has pointed to different events , and the fourth topic has dealt with the real fact of The Black Stone and the reasons behind its existence and its creation. While the fifth topic has described several concepts Al Mofeed had referred to like the concept of speech ,the concept of Reviviscence (Al Raja'a) in Holy Quran , the concept of Fatality. The sixth topic has dealt with The month Of Ramadhan and all the related matters with. The Last topic was the seventh which has dealt with the position of AHL AL BAIT in the Islamic Intellect.? Chapter three has studied the economic aspect which includes many topics , the first one is Inheritance , the second topic is about Fadak and the related facts , the third topic is about Al - Zakat and its meaning and its values , the fourth has dealt with (Al Khoums )and describing the payees and the items that must be paid for, the fifth topic has dealt with (Al Anfaal) , while the sixth topic has studied (AL Jezziya) its meaning and its values and the narrations which are related to, the last topic is the seventh one which has dealt with various economic narrations.? Chapter Four which is studied the social aspect , it is in many topics , the first one has dealt with the prophet's Life his birth , his Biography , his wives , Husbands of his daughters , his death , his shrouding and his Burial.The second topic has studied the Life Of FATMAT AL ZAHRA'A her birth , her marriage and her death , the third topic has dealt with AbeTaleb , his Islam , mentioning to his wife Fatima Bint Assad , while the fourth topic has studied the life of ALI BIN ABI TALEB his birth , his ethics , his position towards the prophet , the marriage of his daughters his shrouding and his Burial , the fifth topic has studied (Hadith AhlElKessa'a),the sixth topic has dealt the( Al Rashiddon Caliphs) , Islam Of Omar Bin El Khataab , Assassination of Othman Bin Affan , at last the seventh topic which is about narrations that are related to Marriage or Divorce.Then it is ended by conclusion for the most important results that I have reached to
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الحركة الفكرية في همذان من القرن الثالث الهجري الى نهايـة القرن السادس الهجـري

Author name: سمية خالد بريسم الربيعي
Supervisor name: خاشع عيادة المعاضيدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد انتظمت الدراسة في اربعة فصول تضمن الفصل الاول نبذة تاريخية عامة عن همذان، وقد اشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث، الاول عن اصل تسمية همذان، والثاني عن مدن وقرى همذان، لان تحديدها مهم جدا لبيان نشات الاعلام في همذان، وكان المبحث الثالث والاخير عن فتح همذان وما تلا | This study deals with thinking and scientific activities in easter Islamic cities which is Hamdan. most of historical studies since 156 s dedicated specially to study political history for - nations , histories of Islamic cities ,reasons of its evolution , careers of men and administrative , economical , social , literature subjects men while concern was less for thinking and scientific studies although it a acquires great impotent because it deal with most famous Arabic Islamic activities.The Period research study was four centuries started from 3 rd century to 9 th century.This century represented important stage in life of Arabic Islamic State.It was full of Luxury activation and civilized promotion.Also this century witness flourishing of translation from old languages which help to transform most of Greec writings which was written in different subjects and Arab scientist enrich them.Many clerks and science as tellers , historian , a astronomers and others.Islamic raose potential economies for all Islamic states.Study depended on firm curriculum in study of Al - Hamadany. He lived and study in Hamadan and take knowledge from its shieks and science.The study explain and researches of Hamadan science in either transformational and intellectual studies.The study reference to many resources to make benefit from information’s which explain contribution of Hamadan thinkers and science in developments of intellectual sciences.It includes general translations , religious science , decedents book. geographical , historical books and minor references.The study includes four chapters : First chapter is a brief hisrtory of Hamadan which contain three studies , first one or origin of Hamadans name the second is about Hamadan cities and villages because determining it is very important to explain the lifes of scientist in Hamadan. Last study was of Hamadan conquest and what followers it of events till third century for Hijral ninth century A.C.Second chapter is about religious science and famous clerks of Hamadan people in it and most famous readers.Second study was about Hadith , the most famous writings and tellers of Hadith.Third study is a bout religious interpretation its origin and famous interprets.Third chapter is about Arabic language and literature.It includes two studies , first study is about language and study Arabic Moslems maintain Arabic language because it is language of Holly Quran. Second study is about humanitarian science and pure science sufism and most famous sufies and their books. Second was about geography and history.
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المكانة التجارية لمدينة دمشق من القرن الثاني حتى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري == Commercial Rank Of Damascus City From The Second Century Until The End Of The Fourth Century AH

Author name: سلسبيل جابر عناد المياحي
Supervisor name: وئام عدنان عباس النعيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After endingour study of commercialrank of Damascus city from the second century to the end of the fourth century,it is preferable to refer to the most important findings of the study : • Through the study, it has shown that Damascus had enjoyed a unique geographical location , as there were many factors that made its feature including its proximity to the Arabian Peninsula and its openness from the east on the plains leading to the Euphrates and Iraq and from west by the presence of the mountainous areas which seized on the trade route leading to the Mediterranean coast which then contacts Europein addition to the access road north to Halab and Asia Minor making it an important trading center for receiving goods and exported.Damascus, and since ancient times specifically in Aramean age, focused on trade.Armeniansunderstood as the first who make Halab the capital and commercial center, as their trade linked with the different cities, in addition to its land,fertile soiland flowing waters which made it produced various types of agricultural crops.• The effect of the political events in Damascusdid not disruptits Commercial activity.And if there was any impact for the eventsso it was due to the timeof its happening and then quickly Damascusregainedits commercial activitiesin timethat its commercial ties remained effectively working inside and outside.• Damascus had seen progress in various economic aspects.It hadbeen knowing in its various agricultural crops and its export types to different regions inside and outside Belad Al - Sham. The availability of natural and human conditions helped itin this respect. In Damascus, agriculture was the vital tributaries that flowed into the internal and external trade. In addition,Tradein Damascus had characterized by its high quality and plentifulwhich included various kinds of industries and what made in Damascus of any kind of these small or large industries weremuch more than what was made anywhere else in the world and perhaps this distinction was due to the availability of theexpertise, as they have skilled makers succeed in more than one art and throughout the ages as well as the abundance of raw materials in Damascus and its suburbs.• Through the study, it hasbecome clear to us that Damascus had enjoyed asolidcommercial connections with various Arab and non - Arab countries, dating back to before the advent of Islam , and since the dawn of history , and had enjoyed this status even after losing its centeredness as the capital of the Islamic State of Arabic, as that Damascus export to other cities was more than its import, and this was as indication of the agricultural and industrial ability of the city.During the era of the study,Damascus marketshad flourished.Although of all the crises, the trade balance continued for the benefit of Damascus with evidence that exports were more than imports.• The trade routes had an important role in linking Damascus with various countries of the world as theinterest and development of commercial roadshad been belonging to ancient centuriesand continuing until the Islamic era. Damascus had been associated with the world with two types of land routes and overseas transportation , and as a result of the importance of these routes in the trade promotion,Islamic State had worked to secure and interest in them and provide them with all the supplies that would facilitate everything related to business process , and we do not forget the role of traders who aimed at securing roads in times of disrupted the country's efforts in this aspect through alliances with the Bedouin tribes who were living in trade caravans passing zones.• Damascus continued to hadits trade rankwhich enjoyed since before Islam even later ages due to itslocation for the Al - Sham on the one hand and other areas on the other hand,moreover, Damascus was the center of an important source of production, industrial and agriculturalwealth sources and a commercial center and great market for many of the coastal cities that were based on the their market that contain all kinds of goods that allcities need. Every city ofDamascus cities represented the commercial center received many trades and from different countries of the world as and as we saw that. What Helped it in this respect was theavailability ofnumerous transportation which was land and sea.• Money was the main pillar of the trade process, the localization and changes that took place on the money throughout the ages had an essential and important role in the advancement of the state and not to succumb to the foreign domination. Securities represented by the instruments , the Bills and banking had theirimportance as they had facilitated the process of trade exchange, and there had a role for the weights and pecks in the business process which linked very closely to the market and in the buying and selling operations.The various conditions like strife and tribulations Damascus experienced influenced directlyon prices. As a result, there was the appearance of phenomenon of rising prices , but we can say thatits impact was chronic.It became clear through the study, people in Damascus including traders had the ability toovercome the crises and advancement economic reality, but even though, poor people were the most affected class of Damascus'ssuffering , as the economic shocks had a negative impact on their level of living.• Arab Islamic state had given attention and special care to merchantslayer to provide them the means of doingtheir economic work, and aspects of care were providingthem with buildings for harboring passenger shelters and storetheir goods. Examples of these buildings includefields , hotels and agencies and the store. The breadth of the business exchangebetween the various countries of the Muslim world led to the diversity of merchants types and trade firms, among them there werethe treasurer andthe equipped.
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الجوانب الاقتصادية في المغرب والاندلس من خلال كتاب مسالك الابصار في ممالك الامصار لابن فضل الله العمري المتوفى سنة (749 هـ / 1348م) == The Economical Sides In Morocco And Andalus Through The Book Of Msalik Al - Absar In Momalik Al - Amsar For Ibn Fdhl Allah Al - Omari Died In 749A.H. / 1348 A.D

Author name: سعد قاسم علي السويعدي
Supervisor name: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Ibn Fadl Allah Al - Omari is consider bright scholar in the horizon of writing and creating and the best scientist who left his finger prints in the different areas on the politic sociology, economy and intellectual fields.The study of the economical sides are not less important of studying the political and social sides, where studying the economical sides which are represented by agriculture, industry, and commeres in consider important in that they reflect the range of progress and prosperity which the countries have reached wether in morocco or andalus.The study was divided into four chapters, where chapter one was the maine gate to enter to the dissertation where tackle the writers life history (his name, surname, his instructors, his age, his occupations, other scientists's opinion on him, and his books which reached twenty books, the most important was msolik Al - Absar in mamalik Al - Amsar.As for chapter two we tackled the agricultural side in morocco and andalus, mentioning the most important tools used in orgicultur, the types of farming lands, the water sources of rains and springs, the most important crops eg. Serials, fruits and the fruitful and non fruitful trees, in addition to the fortune of animals in morocco and Andalus and their place of existence. Ending the chapter with the most important factors that effecting the agricultural production.And in the third chapter we tackled the industrial side starting with the metals like gold, silver, copper and non metallic metals like mercury, vermilion, crystals and rare stones like Rubies, agate, der and the most important industries like food staff, iron industries, lechear industries, paper industry, pottery, ships, and fobric industries conclusing the chapter with the most important were the security deterioration and the political instability.And in chapter four we tackled the commercial side starting with the markets in their two types the perminant and the temporary and the most importants weight and pecks which were used in morocco and Andalus and the types of currency and mony, the most important hotels, the prices which were almost effected by the public situations in the country in addition to the most important commercial roots wither in land or in marine, and the most important materials which were exported between maroccan cities from one side and between The different countries like morocco, sudon, The East, and Europe and The most important imports of Andalus from then from Rhe other side concluding The chapter with The most important factors effecting commerce like politics and fraud and also The Natural factors represented by The storms and Their effect in ships drawing.
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قطلونية : دراسة في احوالها العامة من الفتح الى سنة 422هـ/1030م == Catalonia Study On Its General Conditions From Victory Until 422 AH /1030 AD

Author name: سعاد بدير هاشم البهادلي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis included four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion with a group of supplements that included tables, maps, and photographs of the region of Catalonia the first chapter deal with (Catalonia : a study in their geographical situations) has included this chapter titled vocabulary : Definition of the Iberian peninsula, the site of Catalonia, naming Catalonia, cities and town and acts of Catalonia, the nature of the surface of Catalonia, the climate of Catalonia, Catalonia plans and highlighted the landmarks.This research focused in the second chapter on conquest and stability in the Arab - Muslim Catalonia during the era of conquest and governors (92 - 138 A.H. / 710 - 755melada), and during the era of the emirate and caliphate (138 - 422 A.H. / 755 - 1030 A.D.) under the title of political activity and the military rulers of the Andalusians on Catalonia , and this chapter included several points such as : Conquest and stability of the Arab - Muslim in Catalonia during the era of conquest and the governors, and the conditions of Catalonia in the era of the emirate and caliphate, rebellion the people of Barcelona the year (157 - 162 A.H. / 773 - 778 A.D.) movement Hussein Bin Yahya Al - Ansari and the killing the governor of Barcelona (163 - 167 H.D / 7783 A.D.) rebellion of Matrouh Bin Suleiman Al - Alarabi in (Tartosha) (172 - 175 A.H. / 788 - 791 A.D.), public events in Catalonia (180 - 422H.D. / 796 - 1030 A.D.).The third chapter deal with the social situation of Catalonia, has deal society components of Catalonia, social classes, social activity in Catalonia, and the means of entertainment, clothing and uniforms, the status of women in Andalusian society.The fourth chapter has focused on the economy of the territory of Catalonia, and the role of each sector of agriculture, industry and trade industries such as cheese of Rum, also this chapter included the economic activities of Catalonia, events ,and systems all are in the basin of the economic study as well as this chapter included : types of land, water resources , irrigation and agricultural activity in Andalusia, and the grazing of livestock, types of crops, types of industries, types of trade, markets and injury, minuend and coinage , weights and measures and standards.
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اثر الموالي في الحياة الفكرية في بغداد من خلال كتاب تاريخ بغداد للخطيب البغدادي ت 463هـ/1070م == Pro In The Intellectual Life In Baghdad During The Impact Of The Book On The History Of The Baghdad Khatib Al - Baghdadi (D. 463 AH / 1070 AD)

Author name: سرى سلام عطية الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: After it was founded in the city of Baghdad (145 - 146 AH / 762 - 663 AD) became this city a prominent role in the intellectual life became not only in the Muslim world but also in the whole world known in that era course science, it worked to attract scientists from different religions and countries for reasons of scientific, social and other political and economic. The importance of the study of the subject of the importance of the history book of Baghdad, which includes translations of Arab and pro - eating male genealogy and scientific journeys and their elders and their pupils and their works, and the fact that Baghdad was the capital has become a pilgrimage site for students of science and of them pro who was the offspring intellectual apparently comparable to the product of the Arab Muslims has contributed to supplement Islamic Arab libraries and for this reason that prompted Balbagesh Valley midst of their search for pro in Baghdad through the history book of the Baghdad Khatib al - Baghdadi. The letter came on the unprecedented three chapters with an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements and a list of sources and references. The first chapter, entitled (life - Khatib al - Baghdadi, social, scientific and factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad) has included a brief introduction about his social and scientific existence of several studies leading up about that, and also ensure that the factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad. The second chapter was titled (per pro in religious studies) included Quranic science of knowledge of interpretation and readings also included modern science and jurisprudence. The third chapter is entitled (per pro in the humanities and sciences Pure "Applied") was developed humanities and sciences Pure "Applied" and anyone to separate in order to balance the message and the reason for this is the limited number of these translations for them in pure science compared to religious sciences and humanities and mentioned in this chapter pro in language and grammar, poetry and prose branches of public speaking and writing the role, and we dealt with stated theology, mysticism and science of history, either pure science Vtnolna scientists from pro in Science said the account included Conclusion prominent our findings through what provides us the information. the most prominent the significance of the date in Baghdad said translations and pro about the social and intellectual life, and the study proved that the pro was their contribution is clear and prominent in the intellectual life and measured the number of intellectual works that have contributed to supplement the Arab Islamic libraries
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محمد بن علي بن ابي طالب (عليه السلام) (ابن الحنفية) وجهاده في الاسلام == Muhammad, The Son Of Imam Ali Abn Abi Talib, Known As Ibn Al - Hanafiah Historical Study

Author name: زينب ضاري حسين
Supervisor name: نضال حميد سعيد الربيعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The history is events and attitudes , and personalities are the most important elements of the industry these events and attitudes that played a big role in it, that the history of our Islamic nation is full of personalities that played a role and influence in the roles of life , and it participated directly or indirectly with draw its events and those figures figure. Abu Al - Qasim Muhammad Al - Akber , the son of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) known as Ibn Al - Hanafiah. This personal coupled with Al - Alawy family in conjunction with a strong, clear and mixed with its events and proceedings remarkable and memorable cannot deny that. He Has studied under his father, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and he take from a multitude science of his brothers Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) and he contemporary with the Imams Al - Sajjad and Baqir (peace be upon them), but his personality incurred to a case of ambiguity and foggy in some situations and sides in its motion , and was be a subject of the question and that motivated me to look for him is what I read from some of they have some quick convictions towards this personality that he did not come out with his brother Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to Karbala, whereas he has not respect as observed in treated a lot of people with him, as well as from what I have read some of the quotes to make him as a negative evidence on his personality, so I choose this subject (Muhammad Al - Akber, the son of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) known as Ibn Al - Hanafiah.) attempt to remove this ambiguity that accompanied the life of this personality. The nature of the available material necessitated to us divided it on the introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion, including more important that reached in this research and appendix, therefore first chapter was entitled "The Life of Muhammad Ibn Al - Hanafiah and his biography," has included seven items , we studied in the first item his name and lineage, and we discussed in the second item for his nickname and surname ,and we highlighted in the third item on his birth and upbringing with his father, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) , but the fourth item has been specified for the study of his qualities and carried the title of the fifth item (his brothers). For large number we have chosen only three and two grandsons of Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) as Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them) and their brother Abou El Fadl Al - Abbas (peace be upon him) , and we clear the relationship Ibn Al - Hanafiah with them such a relationship based on love, harmony, respect, and we dealt with in the sixth item the cause of his wives and his children and concluded this chapter by the seventh item about his death and the multiplicity of stories about it , and his burial place. The second chapter carry the title "Jihadi and political role of the Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah " has included six items , in the first item we studied the role of jihad in the Battle of the Camel year 36 AH. , and how was the standard - bearer of his father that day. The second item was specified to the study of his role in the battle of Saffeen of in 37 AH., and the third item addressed his role in the battle of the Naharawan year 38 AH ,or 39 AH and was said to shed light on the fourth item Ibn Al - Hanafiah position in the revolution of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) as we studied the most important reasons that prevented his participation in the incident Al - Taff painful. The fifth item included the position Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah from succession of Abdullah Abn Zubair , Abdul Malik Abn Marwan , but the sixth item has studied the position of the Mohammed Ibn Al - Hanafiah of the Alkisanih faith which said his imamate , and the position of Imamate nephew Imam Ali Zainal Abidin (peace be upon him). the third chapter carry title " intellectual role of Ibn Al - Hanafiah " as it included six item studied, in the first item named (novels in interpretation) ,where the transfer of the commentators from Muhammad Ibn Al - Hanafiah the views of many in the interpretation of many of the verses of the Holy Quran
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