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مرويات الصحابة في كتاب سنن البيهقي : دراسة في الاحوال الاجتماعية والاقتصادية

Author name: فرات عبد الرضا جواد معله
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The Islamic legislation has two main resources : the Holy Quran and the prophet instructions ( Sunneh). These instructions means what is said or done or accepted by the prophet. Thus, the forerunner Muslims or the prophet's companion took much care of what the prophet did. Some were writing down what they were hearing in their meeting with the prophet. So, recording at the beginning was an attempt to collect the aural sayings; it had no title and no subject unity. Therefore, the prophet's companions' recordings were called the companions' writings. Al Hedeith writing was started in Al Medinah Al Munewarah for it was Islamic State center and homeland of the prophet and his companions; that's why these writings took the narrative Hijazi style. It was characterized by taking care with prophet's Hedeith and attaching the biography with it. That's why the prophet's Hedeith moved side by side with the history for a long duration. One can hardly find a saying in biography without the prophet's Hedeith especially during Al Medinah stage. That was simply because of state building and society planning as well as economic management. However, the researcher finds difficulty to separate them when talking about the sayings. If he mentioned the companions' sayings, his pen unintentionally writes about the prophet's Hedeith. It is a necessity one cannot avoid. But recording was stopped during Omar Bin Al Khettab era. The Islamic state formally did not adopt a decision for writing till the era of Umayyad Omar Bin Abdul Aziz ( 99 H. - 101 H. / 717 - 719 A. D. ) when he saw a necessity for recording. From that date , the scholars worked hard for writing, and from that time Al Hedeith and the prophet's biography were separated to be the core modern science, that because it is an independent science with its own bases and origins. Some persons were great with a high level of philology of this science. Among those scholars was Al Beiheki. His book Al Sunen Al Kubrah was comprehensive for all the prophet's Hedeith in addition to a large number of the prophet's companions' narratives in all fields political, social, economic, and creedal. Thus, he decided to tackle the social and economic sides of the companions' narratives through Al Sunen Al Kubrah book. So, the current thesis was entitled (the companions' narratives in Al Sunen Al Beiheki : A study in the Social and Economic States. Our study procedures implemented collected the companions' narratives of the economic and social impressions. It has two sections. The first is devoted in the social narratives; it is in turn, was divided into three sections. The first dealt with marriage and family system, while the second was about social complementarity in Islam, and the third discussed fashion and general cleanliness. Second chapter mentioned the economic companions' narratives, it has two sections. The first was about the financial resources of the Islamic state. It collected narratives relate to the state incomes such as almsgiving fifth, tribute, booty, war profiteer and Faiy'a the second section mentioned the economic activities that the companions' narratives wrote about. This included the agricultural activity, crafts, industries, and commerce activity. It is worthy to mention that the study preface stated Al Beiheki biography.

الانفاق العسكري في صدر الاسلام واثره في التنمية الاقتصادية حتى عام 41هـ == Military Spending in the Early Islamic period and its Impact on Economic Development Until 41 H

Author name: حسن محمد هادي الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: زمان عبيد وناس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The study entitled “Military Spending in the Early Islamic Period and its Impact on Economic Development Until 41 H.” has been divided into three chapters, in addition to the introduction, prologue, conclusion, appendixes, and the list of references consulted in thestudy. Chapter one tackles military spending in the Holy Quran and Hadith books. This chapter includes two sections; the first deals with the features of the image of spending in the Holy Quran, which is an important approach that springs from the nature of the study to clarify military spending in the Holy Quran. Thus, the section sheds light on the concept of spending and its divisions, the Quranic vision to it, the Quranic stylistic methods of encouraging it, and the conditions required for the spending to be sound. All this is treated in the light of the Quranic text and books of Quranic interpretation.Section two has been dedicated for the study of these concepts in the books of Hadith. So we have tried to comment on the sayings claimed to belong to Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) which are related to authority and its men. In those sayings there is an attempt to obscure the features of the peculiar image of spending drawn by the Holy Quran for Muslims for every time and place. Chapter two is dedicated for investigating military spending until the year 41 H.\ A.D. 661. The chapter is divided into two sections; the first section deals with forms of military spending during the early Islamic Period depending on what modern economists have regarded as forms of military spending in the course of their discussion of immediate military spending. The researcher has found a noteworthy similarity between immediate forms of spending and their counterparts in the past. Section two has been dedicated for the study of military spending in the thought of political authority starting from the thought of Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) ending with the thought of Imam Hassan (P.B.U.H.), these two being the Alpha and the Omega of the six governments that ruled that era and the factors behind the disparity in military spending between a government and another, this was followed by the prophet’s act regarding some cases he faced related to spending.In chapter three, the impact of military spending on development until the year 41 H.\A.D. 661 has been outlined. The chapter id divided into two sections : Section one studies the concept of economic The term “development” has been linguistically and terminologically defined. It has been stated that the term “development” is a modern term that is close to another term that had often been used in Islamic resources, we have also referred to unique developmental thought of Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.)since the early beginning of forming the State of Islam in year 1 H.\ A.D. 622.The position of military force in economic activity has been discussed, it has often been tackled by historians from three sides : The agricultural, the industrial, and the commercial. This is followed by a discussion of the nature of the relation between military spending and economic development between the phases of defense and attack against the enemies of the State. While section two is dedicated to the study of the positive and negative impacts of military spending and the factors that lead to positive or negative marks on the phenomenon of military spending. From all this, certain conclusions have been arrived at which were summed up in the conclusion; including recommendations for the people of the Ministry of Defense.

الجوانب الاقتصادية والمالية في كتاب (صحيح ابن حبان) توفي 354هـ

Author name: ورقاء يونس يحيى الطائي
Supervisor name: حمدان عبد المجيد محمد الكبيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاريخ ملكية الارض في شبه الجزيرة العربية حتى نهاية العصر الاموي 132 هـ/ 749 م == The History Of Land Ownership In The Arabian Peninsula Until The End Of The Umayyad Period

Author name: هدى سعيد مهدي الشهرستاني
Supervisor name: زمان عبيد وناس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study looked at the land ownership history of the Arabian Peninsula since the pre - Islamic era until the end of the Umayyad dynasty in (132 AH / 749 AD), and consisted of four chapters preceded by a preface, followed by a conclusion, and arranged the chapters on the basis of chronological order, talked the geographic boot peninsula Arab influence in the patterns of land ownership, followed by the first chapter, who explained the concept of ownership in the Islamic economic system, And patterns of ownership in the era of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, I wrote in the third chapter in learning new patterns of ownership of the land in the Umayyad period, and discuss the fourth quarter the effects of those patterns on the economic, political and social aspects She studied thesis of land ownership and development patterns, and their impact on the political, economic and social life, as this era known as the emergence of new patterns of land ownership and multiple reasons, including the diversity of the geographical nature of the Arabian Peninsula, And influenced by previous civilizations and regulations left by the Sasanian Empire and the Byzantine Empire, and the study found a collection the results of which are worth reading.
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المسور بن مخرمة دراسة في مروياته التاريخية == Almuswr Bin Makhrama Astudy Of His Historical Narratives

Author name: سجاد حنتوش شوكان الزيادي
Supervisor name: عباس جبير سلطان التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Our study tackled the historical narratives only about the personality of Al Mswer Bin Mekhremeh, that we searched about the oldest available references. He was one of the minor prophet's(p.b.u.h.) companion. He lived in the prophet's time. He had a role during the orthodox caliphs, especially in the caliph's Omar Bin Al Khettab time. He had also an important role during the time that followed killing the caliph Omar when he participated with his uncle Abdul Rehman Bin Ouf in choosing the third caliph Othman Bin Iffan when he was the right hand to his uncle to choose the caliph in spite of the signs that he had a tendency towards the prophet's family. He had good stand with Al Imam Ali, Al Imam Al Hassan ,and Al Imam Al Hussein. After choosing Othman as caliph, they depended on him in many issues like sending him as an envoy to Africa and other states. The caliph Othman also relied on him when he sent to MuawehBin AbiSufyan besieging him to raise the blockade when he was surrounded by the angry rebels in the house accident. But Muawehdid not respond to his request, the matter that made the caliph angry on Muaweh. Al Mswer also had an opposite opinion to the Umayyad, but Muawehby his slyness could attract Al Mswer and made him calm. His opinion towards Umayyad remained him clear. That is after Muaweh'sdeath his stand was against the Umayyad when Yazid was chosen as caliph when he stood beside the Zubairis in the war against the Umayyad where he was killed by a canon stone that was thrown towards the hornableKabba which wasbesieged by the Umayyad and he was buried there. What concerns our study, it consisted of three chapters, an introduction, and a conclusion. In the introduction, reasons behind choosing the topic were studied as well as the difficulties that have been faced. The first chapter talks about Al Mswer's social, cultural, and political life. Several issues about Al Mswer's antecedents, fathers, and birth ambiguities ending with his death. Concerning his cultural activity, he was considered one of the legists where he had speeches about the prophet. The political aspects and stands in his life were discussed, particularly the last about Al Zubairi and hid death. The second chapter was about this historical narratives that were before and after prophecy. Some of these were about events that happened during the prophet's time like wars led by the prophet. Some of them belong to Al Mswer's personal issues. Some of the narratives were deeds to Al Mswer which were close to the prophet. The third chapter was about Al Mswer's narratives during the orthodox caliphs and part ofMuaweh's time. In this chapter we found his clear activity during the caliph Omar Bin Al Khettab and his witness to the events at that time such as Al Remadah Year and later killing of the caliph Omar and the election issue as well as his role. Later some narratives during the caliph Othman Bin Iffan and his uncle's Abdul Rehman Bin Ouf deeds were mentioned. After that we see turning his narratives about Othman's mistakes when he gave fortune to his relatives rather than other people. That what made people rebel and kill Othman. He had one or two narratives duringMuaweh Bib AbiSufyan. At last Al Mswer's narratives were studied concerning the source and narrated people as well as studying the narrative body to select the perfect
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منهج المروزي وموارده في كتاب طبائع الحيوان : مقالات منتخبة من المقالة الاولى باب الصين والترك والهند == Al - Marowzi Approach And Its Resources In The Book Of Tba'E Alhaywan Selected From The First Article Chapters Of China, Turk And India

Author name: غازي هادي حمزة اليساري
Supervisor name: هاشم ناصر حسين الكعبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Al-Marowzi-approach-and-its-Resources-in-the-book-of-Tbae-Alhaywan-selected-from-the-first-article-chapters-of-China-Turk-and-India.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: هذه الاطروحة تقدم المؤرخ والجغرافي والطبيب شرف الزمان طاهر المروزي - كان حيا ( سنة 518هـ/ 1134م ) - وبعنوان ( منهجية المروزي في كتاب ابواب الصين والترك والهند , ابواب منتخبة من كتابه طبائع الحيوان وموارده ) , وهذه الدراسة تاتي ضمن حقل الدراسات التاريخية و| This thesis of progress and geographic and doctor sharaf al - zaman tahir al - Marowzi - was alive (year 158 AH \ 1134 AD) - And entitled (Al - Marowzi methodology in the book of the Chapters of China and Turk and India , Elected chapters of his book Tba'e Alhaywan and resources) , This study is part of the historical and geographical studies field That are interested detects historians Arab Muslims efforts , And to clarify their approach to authoring and resources and their tactics in dealing with the events witnessed by the Arab Islamic nation , And the date of their neighboring nations and clans , Hence the desire to record the subject came , and the approach of Al - Marowzi was in the writing of the three chapters - China and Turk and India - particularly strong motivation towards writing this thesis. Sharaf al - zaman tahir al - Marowzi considered is one of the leading historians of Arab Muslims who wrote about the Levant and Morocco typing known Tba'e Alhaywan - The first article of it - And the known world of his time , The polls and note down what is received from this historic Nations resources , Especially the subject of our study - The country of China, India and Turk - and He writes what is being offered to him and raises his attention , And the notices of the customs and traditions and systems and civilization of the different nations and peoples in this country that He lived with al - Marowzi.The Research Plan Research divided into preliminary and introduction, four chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter came in three sections , The first section took care of study of the life and geographic and doctor sharaf al - zaman tahir al - Marowzi , Such as his name and lineage scientific and upbringing and of his travels in the Arab Islamic countries , The second section we are believe in The influence of the age on the person of the author , So I dealt with the most prominent features of his time in the Seljuk state and its capital city of Mero, where he lived al - Marowzi , What characterized this era of conflict between the political forces that tried to seize power and the conduct of scientific movement , On the contrary, this contributed to the competition between scientific schools in multiple centers , The most important schools Baghdad, Cairo, Cordoba and Maro , In this study we have shown the flourishing of science and medicine in the Seljuk era. Then came the third section , Where we discussed the Arab - Islamic relations with the countries of India and China until the fall of the city of Baghdad by the Mongols in the year 656 AH , 1258 AD , Bypassing the country of Turk , To the fact that this relationship has come under the second section, which we introduced the first Seljuk state and growing up in the country's Turk and its extension after that to the other country,And its domination on the territory of the Abbasid state in the fifth century AH, the eleventh century AD In the second chapter , I thought that we should deal with the first section and briefly summarize the development of historical writing among Arab Muslims , And its early stages and its growth and development in the successive Arab and Islamic Arab countries until the era of al - Marowzi , And the stages in which it passed , From the style of biography and news , To the style of human being and the idea of the nation , Then we presented a second section on the geography of the Arabs , I presented the possession of the Arabs before to Islam geographical information astronomical benefited from them in their travels and movements , Then we showed the interest of Muslim Arabs in geographical knowledge, trips and trends , and The development of Arab - Islamic geographical authorship, from the keen attention of the Islamic regions to specialization in one country , And then the tendency to classify the geographical dictionaries influenced by the geography of other neighboring nations, especially the Greeks and Romans after the translation of the works of these countries , And in the third section dealt with the talk about the development of the emergence of animal science among Arab Muslims , Before the spread of the Islamic religion in the Arabian Peninsula and the development of this science during the successive Arab Islamic times , And the stages that passed until the era of Sharaf al - zaman taher Al - Marowzi and classification of the book of Tba'e Alhaywan. After learning about the development of the history, geography and animal sciences of Muslim Arabs, I had to learn in the third chapter the approach of Doctor Sharaf Al - Zaman Taher Al - Marowzi in writing the chapters of China, Turkey and India in his book Tba'e Alhaywan , And divided his sections into three paragraphs , presented in the first paragraph , The definition of the book , As it touched on the control of the title and proportion and date of composition , And the purpose of writing , Manuscripts , Typography , Arrangement and division and divided the investigation into three paragraphs , In the second paragraph, the basics of the organization and presentation of the historical article were presented in the three sections according to the sections , And the most important texts of rare historical documents presented by Al - Marowzi and unique in the chapter of China , In the third paragraph of this chapter, Al - Marowzi's method and methodology were presented in writing the three chapters and quotations from the ancient Greek heritage and Arab Islamic sources , Resources and elders , In addition to the style of criticism of the novels and the beginning of transport and end and the flags mentioned, all with live examples and resources Al - Marowzi within the three chapters - the study research. And to meet the title of this treatise right , I devoted the fourth and last chapter to talk about the cultural aspects in the countries of China, Turkey and India and was extrapolated from the total resources of Al - Marowzi in the three chapters , In which there are clear indications about the geographical aspects in the countries of China and Turkey and India and its locations and seas and cities and borders and how to manage this country and that in the first section , The second section has included Al - Marowzi resources for religious values and principles of ideological and social and cultural manifestations in the country of China, India and Turk , Finally, the third and final section was devoted to the economic aspects of this country , The research then concluded after that with a conclusion summarizing the research and its results , This was followed by a detailed outline of the basic sources and secondary references from which they were reported.Study of sources It is obvious to those who study the subject as the subject of this thesis , The researcher should not expect to find his scientific article in a wide range of ancient primary sources , because This type of studies and research , Have been shown only at very close intervals in comparison to other studies and research , Hence, the authoritative source on which this study is based is Al - Marowzi's own book (Tba'e Alhaywan) , And is the real source and solid foundation on which this study was built , It is from this book that information was extracted and conclusions drawn , And devising ideas , And building judgments and observations , Therefore, the reader will notice the frequency of the name of the book and its articles and chapters frequently , During the chapters and sections of this study
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الهبات والهدايا عند ائمة اهل البيت عليهم السلام == Donations And Gifts Of The Prophet Progeny (Ahlul Bait ) God'S Peace Be Upon Them

Author name: الهام عبد الواحد ناجي
Supervisor name: زينب فاضل رزوقي مرجان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Donations and Gifts of the Prophet Progeny (Ahlul Bait ) God's peace be upon them "Praise be to Allah , Peace be on the elite of creatures " Prophet Mohammed and his Folk ".The speech about the Imams of Prophet Progeny " God's be upon them " is most fine speech and most fresh Biography ( Seerah) , they are the ideal devoted for Islamic nation to Good and direction ,therefore the offering of donation and gifts was an important factor of their noble social conduct that made them reach the most generous levels.The significance of subject is related by Imams of Prophet Progeny as what they represent of moral effect in Muslims spirits and for augustness rank that Holy Quran and Prophet's route had make reference to.No doubt that the develop of this nation is depend on how much it follow the way of life for Prophet Progeny and their instructions which is the instructions of their Grandfathers the Prophet Mohammed ( God's peace be upon him and his folk ) and it is the Instructions of Mighty Allah.Prophet Progeny were famous that they share people with what the people were suffering of agony and needs , so generosity is one of their Character that represented by Donations and Gifts that they gave. they were targeting the satisfy of Mighty Allah in this deeds , those donations and gifts in many times were lead to help the people who they in bad need for assistance or even to bring back the persons for direction route. Each gift or donation that Prophet Progeny were gave it shows a moral lesson , wise or exhortation that enable us to discipline ourselves for our good return in life and doomsday. Prophet Progeny were an owner of money and property , they spend those money and properties for the benefit of poor people just to seek Allah satisfaction. They had a great role of work in agriculture and trade and they emphasis through their speech on sedulity and avoid laziness due to work is reserve human dignity , also they emphasis on help beggar and respect his dignity and not reject his demand. Opportunity and Situations of offer that donations and gifts by Prophet Progeny are varied some of those gifts were for help poor ,needy people and traveller ,also it offer to encounter offense by humanism and to discharge of a debt ,and for support at disaster time and crises. Donations and gifts were offered in a manner scientific reward or for particular services.Poets has a share of Prophet Progeny gifts with appreciation and respect due to they adhere to principles of Imams (Gods peace be upon them ) and convey their virtues and explain their calamity. on other hand many of Jews and Christian embrace Islam by the Imams of Prophets Progeny due to what they found in them of good manners ,sciences they have and their religious. Prophets Progeny participated in enfranchisement of slaves and that after purchase them and taught them the Islamic Culture then enfranchise them for sake of Mighty Allah. The Imams of Prophet Progeny didn’t hesitate in provide moral support that is represented by advices and instruction for the Umayyad and Abbasian rulers at the time of crises for the Benefit of Islamic State, in spite of the oppression and persecution of those rulers against Imams of Prophet Progeny. The nature of Researcher requires to divide the subject into Introduction ,prelusion ,three chapters and conclusion : First Chapter deals with pecuniary Donations and Gifts that Imams of Prophet Progeny offered in different opportunities , while Second Chapter is in title of Donations and Gifts in kind that Imams offered like : property , enfranchisement , foods , clothes , jewels and perfume and much more.Third Chapter includes Donations and Gifts ( Pecuniary - in kind) and ethical , ethical gift represents by Kind words and Advice and granting Science and supplication , so they were exactly as their Grandfather The Prophet Mohamed (Allah Peace be upon them) if any one comes to the prophet to ask a need , the prophet wouldn’t reject him ever and wouldn’t made him return without his needs or with feasible of speech. We ask and pray to Mighty Allah to make us adhere to Imams of Prophet Progeny and we also pay to Mighty Allah to make us firms on their route by word and deed , May Mighty Allah respond to our pray
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ظاهرة ادعاء النبوة والنسب العلوي واثرها في قيام حركات المعارضة في العصر العباسي حتى نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري == The Phenomenon Of Allegation Prophecy And Alwain Relationship And Its Effect In Appearence The Resistence Movement In Abbasian Erra Untill The End Of Fifth Century Of The Hegira

Author name: افراح رحيم علي الغالبي
Supervisor name: محسن راشد طريم الغزي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Phenomenon of allegation prophecy is found in most societies. It is built on the basis of distinguished feature that discriminates one person from others and what is brought by this person to refer that he has the evidance to be a prophet. In most Cases , it depends on magic and then it is believed by their societies. This study tries to limit the liars from the beginning of Abasian Erra untill the end of fifth century of the hegira. There are several reasons which help them such as spread of magic. This is the first side.The second pivot is the phenomenon of ALwain relationship and its effect on the societies. In addition to the branching of ALBait relationship. This sophisticates the matter. This relationship has a number of justifications like the social and spirtual ones.This relationship is used by some persons to achieve their aims and benefits. All those phenomena are canceld by verses of Quran and AL Hadith. Without those two things, there will be difficulty to discover them.The importance of this subject leads to study it and there are other reasons. The important one is the social, Political and economical sides. Since those two phenomena are related to each other and to know more about their effects on common people as well as the few number of studies about this subject. All these are reasons behind studying this subject.This study is divided into four Chapters and each one is subdivided in sections and introduction as well as a number of Conclusions. At the end , there is a list of references.The first Chapter is dealt with the Phenomenon of allegation prophecy before the Abasian era. The second Chapter deals with those persons who claim prophecy in Abasian era and their effects on resistance movements. The third Chapter deals with those who claim their ALwain relationship in Abasia era. The last Chapter deals with the main groups which relate with AL Imamh like AL Ismoiliah and AL Fatimiah state in addition to study AL Mehdawia allegation because it is closely related with prophecy and AL Alwain relationship.It comes up with the Conclusion that all those movements which claim prophecy aims to get more suporters to them and cover them with legitimacy to achieve their goals. They threat the Abasian state. The Power of AL Abaseen at the beginning prevent them from appearence. But the inner differences inside AL Abasain state increase those movements to achieve their special goals.
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زوجات الائمة المعصومين (عليهم السلام) من غير العربيات : دراسة تاريخية == Shia Imams' Non - Arab Wives : A Historical Study

Author name: حياة ناصر حسين عليوي الغزي
Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم صادق العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The reason behind choosing this topic to be the subject matter of this study is to delve into one of Islamic history cases which is shia Imams' marring non - Arab women. This study deserves much focus for its involving many important things of which the reason behind Imams marring non - Arab women is the most important one. The prophet's household Imams are the best representatives of Islamic values of which equality between all human beings and their enjoying rights of marriage to any human being are the most important ones. Marriage is considered the cornerstone of preserving humankind from extinction and maintaining love and stability. In the holy Quran Allah says " And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts) : verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.". The present study falls into three chapters in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter tackles marriage in Islam and it involves three sections. The first section is about marriage in pre - Islamic era, concept of marriage, forms of marriage in pre - Islamic era, polygamy, the attitude of Islam towards it, the number of women man can marry and equality between wives. The second section focuses on the purposes of marriages in Islam like saving humankind from extinction, satisfying desires, maintaining social relationship through the cooperation between husband and wife and preventing human from making an illicit relationship. The third section includes the philosophy of marriage to shia Imams, Islam urging it, choosing a spouse depending on piety not fortune or beauty and the interdependence of rights between husband and wife. The second chapters concentrates on non - Arab slaves in Islam and it also comprises three sections. The first section is about the definition of slaves and their sources. The second section is about the prophet and his household treating slaves depending on piety. The third section includes the religious belief of women slaves and the involvement of men and women slaves in Alttaf combat and supporting Imam Hussain. The third chapter is about the reason behind shia Imams marring non - Arab women. It falls into three sections. The first section delves into Imams marring non - Arab women such as Imam Hasan's wives, Imam Hussain's wives, Imam Ali bin Hussain's wives, Imam Sadiq's wife, Imam Kadhim's wives, Imam Ridha's wifves, Imam Jawad's wife, Imam Hadi's wife and Imam Alhasan Alaskary's wife. The second section concentrates on the relationship of Imams to their wives and their wives caring them. The third section focuses in the role of Imams' non - Arab wives in spreading justice and supporting oppressors in addition to rearing their daughters. The present study reveals the prophet's household philosophy of marriage with non - Arabs women and their great role in all cases that are related Imams in addition to their sacrifice for the sake of their husbands
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الرقابة الادارية منذ تاسيس الدولة الاسلامية حتى خلافة الامام الحسن عليه السلام 1 - 41هـ / 622 - 661م == Administrative Control Since The Establishment Of The Islamic State Until The Succession Of Imam Hassan (PBUH) (1 - 41 AH/6 22 - 661 AD )

Author name: خالد شاكر كاظم الشمري
Supervisor name: حسن علي الشرهاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The administrative control in the era of early Islam is one of the most important topics because it relates to the goals that the tolerant law(shari'a) of Islam which came out to apply. Additionally, it is also concerning with the realizing of those goals in order to change and reform the personality of Muslim. Absolutely, the administrative control derives its principles and components from the Qur'an and Sunnah. So that, it includes the implementation of Islamic teachings in the oversight of State administration and the device of the administrative reform. And therefore, Islam prepares the human to the life and the afterlife.Accordingly, the study discusses this subject within three chapters in addition to preface, introduction and conclusions, as well. So, the preface concerns with the meaning of control linguistically and terminologically, its implications in Quran, the concept of control within the modern administration, and the forms of control in the Islamic curriculum. The first chapter relates to "the preventive control", the criteria of the selection of the employee. Moreover, this chapter is divided into three sections : firstly, it is devoted to present the standards of the selection of the employees that the Prophet Mohammad(PBUH)and the Caliph Abu Bakr based on. Secondly, it discusses those criteria according to the Caliphs Omar's and Uthman's (GBT)standards. And then, the third section presents them in relation to Imams Ali's and al - Hassan's (PBUT)standards.Consequently, the second chapter exposes "the directive control" of the directives and instructions which are issued to the employees. This chapter is also of three sections where the first section presents the guidance before starting the work. The second one concerns with the guidance of the letters of the employment's orders. Whereas, the third one deals with the specialized guidance to the staff during work.The third chapter is set to study "the curative control", procedures, the demonstrative methods to get rid of the corruption and demonstrative deviation. Relatively, those issues are presented within two sections : the first one deals with the precautionary procedures which are adopted in the Islamic demonstrative control. However, those topics are also exposed within two subdivisions : the first one titled, ''the curative procedures'' while the second one discusses the rights and privileges of the employees. Correspondingly, the procedures of the deterrent punishment are discussed in the second section of this chapter.
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الدولـة السعديــة فـي عهــد الخليفـــة احمـد المنصور الذهبي (986 - 1012هـ / 1578 - 1603م) == Al Saadyh Country In Era Of Golden Al - Mansur ( 986 - 1012AH /1578 - 1603AD )

Author name: ايناس كاظم حسين الموسوي
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد نتيش الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Study deals the Subject of Alsaadyh Country in era of golden Almansur Alcording to alarge importance Which Farest Almagrab imter - ested in. In the era of educational , economical and political This Stud con cerns in appear of developments which took place by Al - mansur of Alsaadyh country This study devided in to four chapters in addition to the in troduction and Conclusion. The chaper one means historical Idea about Al - saadyh Country before Al - mansur and identify the state of Al - saadyh since it,s beginning till the coming of Almansour in order to enable the reader to have know ledye about this state. Chapter two deals with the personal life of Almansour and his ability to finish inner Conflicts against him and also with the organiz - utions of the state such as adminsration and political organizion and explains the importanle of such charying in his state. chapter Three deals with the foreign offuirs of Al sadyah states It explains the policy of Almunsour towards the political powers in his time and the reslt of such relation about his state , It also explains the aclmin strution of Almunsour to this relation ships which are built on the basis of economical benefits. Chapter Four deals with socenomical , educational and building conditions of this state ,It explains the nature of the society in Almunsour,s era and how the economical conditions in his time , It also explains the ability of AlMansour to support the economy in different sides , It Clarifies the development of education and sciences in his Ftateand the role of books and libraries in this development. In the building suchas AlBadea palace , This study shows that AlMansour plays an important role in the changes in his state in all its sides and also shows how AlMansour study againpt Ottoman state which sees it secf the ruler of Muslims but AlMansour sees that he has due to rule the Muslims.
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الاحوال السياسية والعلمية في مدينة البيرة 92 - 403هـ/710 - 1012م == Scientific Movement In The City Of Al - Bireh From Conquest To Do Granada 92 - 403Hij /710 - 1012A.D

Author name: فاطمة علي حسين عجيل العبودي
Supervisor name: جنان جودة جابر العنزي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In 7 11 AD the Muslims made control to Liberian Peninsula and their rule lasted to more than eight centuries. Then Muslims named these areas they occupied as ‘Al - Andalus and through their control it gained very clarified development in various kinds of domains even now stillits marks and tracks been clearly.Despite the Muslim presence did obtain an attention by scholars in Arab and Iraqi universities, which stated on at the last years of ninety - nine century AD, it produces studies focused light upon all its various corners politically, socially, economically and intellectually. These studies really have great importance, but yet during its long history, there are subjects in it which do need more investigation and search. For an example, the subjects which are related to its intellectual movement in Al - Andalus cities during the Islamic presence. It did likely obtain a great importance because it revealed the civilized contents of the presence at this area. It did through various periods of conquering and imaret and Caliphate and al - Tawaeef states and al Murabeteen and al - Muwhedeen and finally Cordoba kingdom.Al - Andalus did reach its upper level of development amazingly at the imaret and Caliphate times in all domains. It witnessed a society surge across the whole country of the borders. and Cordoba then became as alighted center intellectually which attracted scientists and learners of Al - Andalus in and outside.That does not be limited to its capital but let other cities be as an active scientific centers at various kinds of knwolege of science. Liberia city was one of the centers which we have been chosen to be the subject of our study supported with the following intents : 1 - The lack of academic study which sheds some light upon the intellectual movement in this city at the Iraqi universities or outside Iraq according to our question about the subject and our humble research.2 - this study aims to be additional part to studies which dealt with the intellectual movement in Al - Andalus cities at the level of master theses and doctorate dissertations or at the level of researches.3 - this study do intend to add a novel clue to what a lot of scholars in north and west really described the Islamic civilization as the greatest civilization ever known in the whole world.In this study we have reached to some results which may be summarized as following : 1 - Liberia scientists in the scientific life is really considered as a small part of the great scientific surge taken place in Al - Andalus during the study period of their scientists who participated of it. It happened with the other Andalusia city scientist who provided knowledge with the results still stands until nowadays of various kinds of composed writings.2 - Liberian scientists did obtain rather a high position amid the scientific societies with their scientists’ titles obtained by efforts in getting knowledge.therefore, there were sheiks, narration and jurisprudence masters according to historical resources description about them.3 - After the scientific journey of Liberia scientists to the east and west cities of the Islamic, some of them wanted to depart Liberia and remain in CordobaAl - Andalus the great city where science and scientists met. while part of them did prefer to stay at Liberia ad became a light center to their cities students by their knowledge.4 - Through the scientists’ bibliography who lived at Liberia city, it appeared that some of them has no Liberia roots. These scientists belong to other Andalusia cites, and their families immigrate to Liberia city and located there, having an important role later in distributing the scientific movement of the city through their efforts for the city people.
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الاذان والمؤذن في الاسلام (1 هــ ــ 11هــ) : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: علي محسن ثجيل الصافي
Supervisor name: رائد حمود عبد الحسين الحصونة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
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اثر الاراميين السريان في العراق وبلاد الشام قبل الاسلام == The Impact Of The Syriac Arameans In Iraq And Thebida Alsham Before Islam

Author name: حميد صبحي عبد محمد
Supervisor name: رنا طعيمة الصافي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The researcher indicated to, in his tagged study" The Impact of Syriac Arameans in Iraq and the Levant before Islam " , many valuable historical topics which are dealt with the impact that Arameans left in various fields. The first chapter included : The historical roots of Syriac Arameans in the Arabian Peninsula where the researcher indicated to the origin of Syriac Arameans, their migrations to Iraq and the Levant, so their language and its subdivisions. So this chapter included a study for their naming , their first home and the most important branches of them which included Syriacs , Nabati and Sabean Mandaeans.The second chapter dealt with a study of the most important cities and kingdoms of Arameans in Iraq and the Levant which they are : Missan Kingdom and its appearance on the political scene and commercial activity In that period , Hatra city and its location and the origin of its naming , the Ancient city of Palmyra and its location , Al Raha city and its naming and the most important churches in it , Al Hira city, elements of its population and the propagation of Christianity in it.So the researcher indicated to Nusaybin city and its important location on the road of the commercial convoys.The third and last chapter dealt with the scientific life of Syriac Arameans And their impact in Iraq and the Levant and dealt with the most important Syriac monasteries , Syriac scientists and their contributions to the scientific life , the most important schools and the impact of their knowledges and sciences to the Arabs. This conclusion also included the important results which the researcher has got from this study.
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التاريخ السياسي للدولة الاموية من خلال كتاب الفتوح لابن اعثم الكوفي : دراسة تاريخية == The Political History Of Umayyad State Through Kitab Al - Fotouh By Ibn Athim Al - Kufi History Study

Author name: علي عبد الله مفتن الركابي
Supervisor name: فاضل كاظم صادق العبادي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Acquired the book Fotouh Ibn Asaem Kufi a wide area in the historical studies of this book is of great importance in the transfer news on the one hand and analysis on the other hand , to be historical article of compared to what was brought by other historians , his contemporaries and even his predecessors , or they came after him. In addition , the book Fotouh DAI great prestige to the diversity of historical its information and shedding light on some of the corners that overlooked other , which represents an important episode of Islamic history at the time one of the most periods of the sensitivity of a period of Umayyad rule that had occupied and still occupy historical thought because of the variables large and turns on the political and economic levels , in addition to being representing the height of the conflict between the ends of the political equation , which was born after the death of the prophet and still growing to this day , Valomoin did not distract them during the period of their rule only fend off the upper danger of Bahl hose and sometimes Batballm at other times , and even though this risk does not rise to the level of the Umayyad apprehensive , but they were always put him among the political priorities.This study was to trace the history of political Umayyad through this important book , an attempt to bridge the gaps in the rest of the contemporary sources on the hand and on the other hand to create a more idea of the one universality of the history of the Umayyad through this workbook that DAI interest all Islamic sects for the objectivity and balance rarely find them when another historian of historians of the fourth century AH Although some are trying to classify Ibn Aasem within the shia historians , but this author is still appreciated in historical circles that from the historical article a good not within the broad spectrum of historians in different affiliations. The importance of this study is also being addressed at length and most of the issues faced by the Umayyad to from a comprehensive view of this period through to tracking analytical approach based on the a comparative approach.Characterized approach of this kind of privacy in response to events , where not only did the Ibn of Aasem pass on novels and either stop at each novel and try as much as possible to make it plain meaning before leaving for a second novel.Despite the extreme disparity between the date of Tabari and history of Ibn Aasem Kufi at the target and the nature of historical writing style , the adoption of Ibn Aasem to tell Dab Mkhanv a large extent in the news the movement of Imam Hussein and the movement of those repent and movement chosen near the notch between them , and that did not obscure the big differences referred to them also. Ibn Aasem historian does not mean the novel but cites historical narrative news normatively market , and tends to revenue verses and texts of speeches and wills in abundance , and all this gave the book a vital private. Even as the Ibn Aasem singled distinctive material from Imam Hussein , the movement is almost the best of his contemporaries wrote about among historians , it was divided in to themes minutes earned recipe analytical distinctive. As the book Fotouh is one of the most important sources for the chosen Obaid bin obead Althagafi revolution , it sheds light on the controversial issue so much , is the nature of the relationship between Abdullan bin Zubair and Mukhtar bin Abi Obead Althagafi. It should be noted the book Fotouh does not include any reference albeit small for (wooden) and (Alkisanih) as well as the (Holy) , these things that are characteristics of the revolution of the chosen , and perhaps the realbn for this omission is the result of his feelings towards the Alawites , which led him to overlook the far side of this revolution , Ibn Aasem appears in this book strongly inclined flyover when mention of the Alawites
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الضرائب في العراق في العصور العباسية المتاخرة (247 - 656هـ / 861 - 1258م) == Taxes In Iraq At Late Abbasid Ages (861 - 1258 A.D./ 247 - 656 A.H.)

Author name: سارة محمد حنون التميمي
Supervisor name: محسن راشد طريم الغزي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: As asubject, tax is considered one of the most important economic subjects in the Islamic period because it represents the most important in the economic fields, since it represents one of the important resources to finance the state treasury. Abbasid caliphate gave agreat attention to the tax because it represents artery of economy in this period, and this required Abbasid caliphate to follow up it and take care of it by recruiting efficient staff in muslims bank. The all the money. which takes from the Tak and establish bureaucracy to manage The financed affairs. It may say the Take which it the money that paid by the person without getting any advantage. And it considers as imposition, and the city takes It by obligation without return finally, to increase general expense and to achieve aims of the city. And the city impose the Take legelly in return of sevices which it present. The Cause of my choosing this subject, to acquaint the importance Tak which it imposes by Alkilafa Al eabbasia. On the all citizens. And the impact of the political situation, The importance of Takes to the countries of the Arab - Islamic. At all times. As it is the main tributary of the state budget. The economic studies in Islamic periods. The researchers did not address the same abounding and important which it is political studies. To Atheraa Islamic Library, with books dedicated to we need it Especially the books of Islamic economics, because the economic history of Islam still, needs a lot of economic studies in depth. The duration of the study from (247 - 656 A.H.l861 - 1258 A.D.) witnessed impressive. By crises experienced by the Abbasia state and occupation of forign successive - our choice was for operiod of Abbasia eras the latter. To shed Aldoa on the economic side, as well as knowledge Takes. These reasons and others were optional of Take subject in Iraq in Abbasi age. The nature of the study is to be divided into four chapters divided into poins preceded by an introduction and Albharing and Qaamh sources and References. Chapter - one (Legitimacy Takes) : which included the most important resources of money. Ahouse resources abscess showed types and qutas and time Astafanah. Tribute imposed on jews and christions, and different types and amounts of jurists. Then Aslamic took from in fidels wiuthout fighting and it showed the beginnings imposed upon muslims. Then, booty taken by the muslims from the infidels without afight. Alzakat it directed by the individual money to poor and needy and it showed it is importance in the Quraan and the sunnah and the different kinds and their amounts. Then, Turning to tak tithing it imposed on the commercial and customs fees. Finally, pedestals and it found under the ground and different the opinion in it is kind. In chapter two : Tak novel which first excise it is imposed by the city on the merchandise offered in the market. The pipes which imposed on the goods while it enters River ports, Then dribe mooel. It is amoney, it has no heir, aspecially wrabh, or fuck. Then export tak levied by the state against Alkhalafaa and Alammeraa to return money. Sporadic taxes it imposed on pasture and shops and exploited which added to money house. Chapter three : Financial functions which was the first, the owner of the store which represent money house, Then it deels fixed function which include Beholder and the supervisoy and the completed naab and nidwan, writer and treasurer, and the witnees and the worker and duplicator and naab and Aljhbz. It mention tax workers, from them abscess workers and publican and direct those funds semicircular and direct phones. So in this chapter deels with most important financial bureaucracy, Diwan house money, Abscess expenses reins leg acies insect property provinces any Diwan and parts and all employees Who occupy all the Diwan. Chapter four Review the impact of political conditions in Iraq to collect. Which included opposition movements. And their impact on preventing Aldharaab movement and the first of nine Zinj, And how it has been affected by the countryes economy from laura Almaztrb situation. That exerted during the fifteen years, who oppearwd in Kufa. Turning to Bataah and move Imran Ibn Shaheen, It was initially given introduction to Bataah. Andon the impact of the movement on the collection Aldharaab. Then deels with (Tleia) movement, which it was among movements, And brought it influenced the denial of access to financial rwsources to state treasury. After granting them privileges of military. And occupy Almosal city which it famous byBounties economical. Finally, the position of prince of princes who occupy these positions. And how this position to prevent the arrival of Taxes
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قوات الاحداث واثرها في الحياة السياسية ببلاد الشام من القرن الرابع الهجري / العاشر الميلادي وحتى القرن السابع الهجري / الثالث عشر الميلادي == Ahdath Forces And Their Impact On Political Life In The Country Of Alshaam From The Fourth Century AH / Tenth Century And Up To The Seventh Century AH / Thirteen Century AD

Author name: اماني عبد الرضا ياسين
Supervisor name: عبد الحسن حنون جبرة الله
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Gaining study of the general political conditions for the Country of AlSHAM during the erea of great importance to the study, due to "geographical important to its location, and Macklh this region of the geopolitical depth of Iraq (the capital of the Abbasid state), Egypt (the capital of the Fatimid state), not to mention the fact that the territory is a border area adjacent to the State of the Byzantine enemy foe of both these two countries, as reflected also important "because it has become Square" of the conflict and expand the influence of these countries on each other's expense.Internally, "has seen the third and fourth century AD / ninth and tenth centuries the emergence of local political forces, has sought full force to create entities with independent or semi - independent of the two Fatimid and Abbasid, and did not care about or care about in the Declaration of allegiance sometimes" the Fatimids and sometimes "other Abasids, and sometimes "declares Tbiatha of the Byzantine State when they feel that there is a risk of running out of existence, Tulunid as the state that Egypt and the Levant and the state ruled Hamdania and Almrdasih Alaqilah and state that ruled Aleppo and most of the northern Levant regions and stomata and capitals, as the Levant saw the matchup" sharply "between those countries and Arab tribes where such big brown dog in Damascus and Aleppo in brown dogs and brown surgeon Taiaan in Palestine, these tribes oscillating in their loyalty and Tbiatha to both the Abbasid and Fatimid two countries, despite tendencies to independence whenever the opportunity.After the emergence of the Seljuks the mid - fifth century AH / atheist century AD as a young and enable them to establish their own state in Persia and Iraq, it is the other looked firmly towards the control of the Levant, and was able to record time to extend its influence on the most important areas of the Levant and depth of the economic and political (Damascus and Aleppo) and the establishment of Seljuks Sham state - by - side state Seljuks rum and its capital (Nicea), has inherited Alotopkyh state, which was founded in the Levant in the first half of the sixth / twelfth century, Ayyubid and the state, which was founded in the Levant and Egypt at the end of the fifth decade of the sixteenth century state property Seljuk in the Levant, despite its declaration of loyalty and subordination of the Seljuk Sultanate of whether in Baghdad or Isfahan.This challenges the political and military implications faced by the political forces in the Levant has spawned, has emerged and appeared for the existence of events forces a popular local strength of youth non - formal response "to the implications and challenges, whether on the political, economic and social level, as a result of the deterioration of the political situation in the light of competition feverish between the major powers at the time (the Fatimid and Abbasid and Byzantine states) on the one hand, internal strife between the princes of the Levant on the other hand, has caused the absence Alastaqraralfody and confusion and loss of internal security and damaged the internal and external trade routes to the deterioration of the living conditions of the population of the Levant, and to the growth of youth events force and Tmzarha appearance of strength competition for those forces, after the purpose of its existence secure atmosphere "safe" for the people of the cities and its neighboring villages, Ooltkon synonymous with "irregular forces in the Levant big cities of Damascus and Aleppo, at least.This study is gaining importance, as it deals with the role of the local force (events) is important in the political life in the Levant and in particular (Damascus and Aleppo), and the extent of their impact in changing the course of maize political events, whether internal or external, with its immense popularity force capable of pressure on the top of the pyramid of powers that ruled the Levant during the era of the study until Khchiha successors of the Abbasid and Fatimid and Ullachma the two, so he went rulers Levantine cities Attoddon and Taatqrbun them to enlist their support and loyalty, or at least neutralized during periods of conflict between these two countries, and won events forces wide fame in the Levant and a variety of colorful formations as a result of sectarian and confessional diversity in these areas, as was the strength of (events) role "important" on the external political and military level, it has exceeded its role establish security and order to contribute to an influential force in the defense of the entity of their own countries in the Levant against external threats represented by the Byzantine invasion and crusader for the country Sham.The study methodology was required divided into chapters and sections, which included the first section of the first chapter : General Levant geographical study ", Damascus and Aleppo private" in terms of location Aljgraca, climate and terrain, installations Urban them. The second topic dealt with the term events language "and idiomatically" in terms of semantics language to pronunciation, idiomatic and definition and structure of these forces and their sources of funding.The second chapter included two sections : first, included the subject of events forces and their impact on political life in Damascus since the emergence of these forces is clearly the mid - fourth century AH / tenth century and even the beginnings of the crusader forces emergence on the political scene in the Levant the year 489 AH, the second topic : included also "the role of these popular forces in Aleppo since the advent of Hamdania state in 333 AH through" Almrdasih state by virtue of the city and then followed Alaqilah state and even Seljuk Jqubh control them and the emergence of the beginnings of the Crusader presence in Muslim lands the year 489 AH.The third chapter included the first part, the role of events forces in political life in Damascus from the year 490 AH and even atrophy and wither and melt such a force controlled by the Ayyubid a sham in the fourth quarter from the sixth century AH / second century AD, as well as ensure the second part, its role in the political life since the year 490 AH and even the rule of the Ayyubid to Aleppo and gradual extinction, "the study also included a conclusion and a list of sources and references research.
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الامير عز الدولة بختيار البويهي : دراسة في سيرته 356 - 367هـ/ 966 - 977م == Prince Eiz Al - Dawala Bekheteyar Al - Bowayhi) (Study In His Biography) 367 - A.D. ) 966 - 977 >>>> (A.H. ) 356

Author name: حيدر عواد دويج الجابري
Supervisor name: سلام علي مزعل الجابري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: ان هذه الدراسة ( الامير عز الدولة بختيار البويهي، دراسة في سيرته 356 - 367هـ/967 - 978م) تتناول حقبة مهمة من حقب التاريخ البويهي في العراق، فالامير عز الدولة بختيار هو ثاني الامراء البويهيين الذي تقلد زمام الامور بعد وفاة والده الامير معز الدولة (334 - 356هـ/94 | The biographical study for Prince Eiz Al - Dawala Bekheteyar Al - Bowayhi (967 - 978) which deal with significant stages of Albowayhi history in Iraq Prince Eiz Al - dawala was the second bowayhi princesses how get leadership after his father death prince Moez Al - Dawala (945 - 967) Prince Eiz Al - dawala in heritage Baghdad state from his father which was under Abaseyon succession and it aimed to get its glorious when the opportunity a rises, also the army of state was divided between Turkish deyalma ,in addition to other states that his father couldn’t control during his rule that he couldn’t reach to any understanding which enable to end the fighting situations asAl - hamdaneyean in Mosel and Al - jazeerah and Al - Shaheenya state in deepsouth ,all these problems was existed during the state of Moez Al - dawala ahmed bin Bewayeh who was well known with political wisdom and good measure which an opposite features for Prince Eiz Al - dawala how was looking for his hobbies and pleasure so his state period was full of hot events and continuous wars which let his relatives to be greed to take his state at the end.The reason of choosing such study can be summarized on that the personality of Prince Eiz Al - dawala and his political period didn’t study as independent study that most studies deal with the history of Bowayhi in Iraq which was so general for all Al - Bowayhi political intellectual and economical period (945 - 1048/447 - 334) This study as other academic studies, the research faced some obstacles which represented by the lackey historical information about the character, Bekheteyar and his historical period particularly the economic sector and other sectors that the most information was concern his father Moez Al - dawala and his cousin Athed Al - dawala , so the effort of the research to collect the articles from books to be summarized at the end in order to give a full picture about this study. The most highlight results of this study that the prince Eiz Al - dawala when get state rule was 25 years old when his father death which mean he was not young but he was qualified to manage the state in other sides, he didn’t have the leadership personality as his father but he was follow his personal issue, hesitant and weak in decision maker in critical situation which lead him to lose his state and his life early. The internal and external political side ,the state during his state was must be when problem and different continuing especially between southerner and northerner regions also his time was full disturbance was family problems and military rebellion that effected the general situation that weak the state in all sectors which was so recognizable thugh service level and social stability
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الطبرسي (ت548هـ) واثره في تدوين السيرة النبوية : دراسة في منهجه ومورده == The Effect.Of Al Tubrasi (548H) In Notation The Biography Of Prophet Mohammed : A Study In His Process And Resources

Author name: سلوى حسن عيدان الحسناوي
Supervisor name: هاشم ناصر حسين الكعبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Al Tebrisi is an author of the fifthly century who took much care with conveying historical events, in particular, the prophet's biography ( Seira). He had an explicit method in conveying the prophet's biography in all science fields when he classified and not only in history. That means, transferring them into interpretation books through explaining the Quranic Aya or through clarifying reasons behind descending the Quranic ayas, beside philology books that imply the prophet's biography (peace be upon him ). Through mentioning the philological issues, he talked about the historical accidents that relate to the prophet's life( peace be upon him ). He devoted some historical books to the prophet's biography and conveyed whatever relate to the prophet's life( peace be upon him )starting from his affinity to his death. In conveying the prophet's biography, he depended on several references which were divided into two groups. The first group includes the explicit such as the narrators and books. The second group includes the implicit which were mentioned as vocabularies, some of these like (it was mentioned by, it was said, …) and other items that was mentioned without a narrator or a book that refer to knowing the resource. The study was divided into three chapters preceded by introduction and followed by conclusion. The first chapter was entitled (Al Tebrisi's era, life, and the scientific status). It has three sections. The first section was entitled Al Tebrisi's era. The second dealt with his life. The third was about his scientific status. The second chapter tackled the study (Al Tebrisi's resources of the prophet's biography. It has three sections. The first was entitled Al Tebrisi's reasons in the prophet's biography in the two books (Ilam Al Wara Be Ilam We Taj Al Muwaleed ). The second dealt with Al Tebrisi's resources of the prophet's biography in books of interpretation (Isbab Al Nezoul, Mejmah Al Beyan Fe Tefseir Al Quran, and Tefseir Jewamih Al Jamih ). The third mentioned Al Tebrisi's reasons in the prophet's biography in the two books of philology (Al Adab Al Deneyh and Al Muitelif Min Al Mukhtelif bein Iemet Al Selef ). The third chapter was devoted to study (Al Tebrisi's approach in the prophet's biography. It has three sections. The first dealt with Al Tebrisi's approach in the prophet's biography in the two books (Ilam Al Wara we taj Al Muwleed ). The second dealt with Al Tebrisi's approach in the prophet's biography in the interpretation books (Isbab Al Nezoul, Mejmah Al Beyan Fe Tefseir Al Quran,and Jewamih Al Jamih ). The third mentioned Al Tebrisi's approach in the prophet's biography in the two books (Al Adab Al Deneyh and Al Muitelif Min Al Mukhtelif bein Iemet Al Selef
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الكوارث والحوادث في العراق والمشرق الاسلامي في القرنين الخامس والسادس الهجريين : دراسة موازنة بين كتابي المنتظم لابن الجوزي والكامل في التاريخ لابن الاثير

Author name: فرقد شاكر علوان
Supervisor name: سميعة عزيز محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
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الاعلام السياسي في الدولة الاسلامية حتى سنة (11 هـ / 633 م)

Author name: احمد ذهيب هادي الجبوري
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Hudaibiya negotiator of the rare style of his political and media role, succeeded in winning the allies of Quraysh. The recognition of Quraysh once they accept the signing of the peace treaty.9.The study also showed that the issuance of the city's constitution was the corner stone on which the Arab Islamic state was based.10.The study revealed that some historians wanted to prove the virtue of some companions, by making them at the heart of historical events are very far from them
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كشف الظنون عن خيانة المامون للسيد حسن الصدر (ت : 1354 هـ / 1935م) : دراسة وتحقيق == Disclosing Suspection Around Al - Macmoons Deception (A Codxology)

Author name: باسم محمد حمد موزان الزيادي
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The abbasiad Era as well - known witnessed various political events. Most of those happenings were ralated to the struggle for the political powers. That kind of straggle was projected by the Abbasid house members themselves in militory conforntations as in the civil war that broke out between the tow ruling brothers, AL - Ameen and AL - Aamoon. That collision , however , was not only within the Abbasid governors , but it included another relative house, the Alawid house. Hence , Ali bin Musa AL - Ridha (pbah), the master of the Alavid house was coerced to engage in such a notorious clash through a nasty couspriacy by AL - Mamoon to isolate the former from his public and them to assosinate him in easy way.The ambiguity of this cause has been given too much efforts in a manuscript book by a theologist, Hassan AL - Sadr.This manuscript is entitled as kashf AL - Dinoon Khyaanat AL - Mamoon disclosing saspecions around AL - Mamoons deception.Selecting this monuscrift has a specific importance in two sides.Frist , it reveds the musterious condition of murdering Imam Ali bin Mousa AL Ridha (pbuh) , this could be attributed to the fact that this Imam emerged simaltaneously in the time of many valiant Alawid revolts that could have terrified the governing Abbasid Coliphate , this peris caused AL - mamoon to innovate appeasement policy by bringimg Ali bin Musa AL - Ridha from AL - Mamdeena, his brith place , to marow, the abbasid capital in an attempt to put him in semi house arrest.Imam Ali bim Musa AL - Ridhha (pbuh) could use the neur residence as a center for spreading his scholarly culture and knowledge through out persia and the nearby turkish speaking countries which, as a result , converted into Muslim shi i lauds upto the present days. The second side is the personality of the author , Hassan AL - Sadr, who decsends from the Imamic Al awid house, this sholar had fall experince in the shi i Imamic thought , so he gained the interest at orientalists and the christian priests.In addition he dared the recently awry islamic sects the wahabbi movement in partivula , in this trend AL - Sadr responded tot these dects and compiled othe books as A reply to the wahabbism and the shia foundation of the islams sciences.This thesis is composed of three chapter and conclusion the first chapter contains the biography of the manuscript author, Hassan AL - Sadr as his brith , life, linage, professors and compilation. The second chapter is devoted to understand the authors methods , resources and his way of investigation the available informations. Furthermore, the chapter scientifically describes, the chapter scientifically describes the codex and the moterials in which.The third chpter includs th investigation of the codex in two parts , the text and the footnotes.The research reached to key conclusions could be summed up as follow the author used variable historical evidences to confirm assasinating Ali Al - Ridha (pbuh).This came from his experience in the science of Al - Rijaal the science of narrators and in the historic andlyses.In addition, Hassan AL - Sadr could make fall use of the auxilary science he had as arabic grammarian he could be able to critsize many texts around the incidenx and assasination.
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ملامح الدور السياسي لائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) حتى عام 114هـ / 732م : دراسة تاريخية == The Polikical Imamate In Ahlul Baits Thinking Till 114 H - 732 A - D (An Analytical Study)

Author name: اشراق علي حسين الشمري
Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The Imamate is one of the most prominent things that appeared politically after the martyrdom of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him and his family).It cured the ignorance of the nation.The Imams of Ahlul Bait (The Prophet's family) led the nation in a way that represented the prophet's real goals and thinking and followed the holy principles of religion though they faced different tragedies by the rulers of the states. The researcher faced several difficulties related to the subject of the dissertation.For example , the political issues of Imams were not so clear in many resources.Thus , the researcher depended on his ability in analyzing the available information that relate to the political imamate.Furturmore, the most available books ignored the value of Ahlul Bait's social and political roles in leadership of the nation and their responsibilities during the reigns of Omayyad and Righteous' caliphate. The study is divided into a preliminary ,three chapters and an end.The preliminary part explained the terms "Imamate " and " Ahlul Bit " terminologically and linguistically. The first chapter is entitled "Ahlul Baits' Identification of Political Problems ".That Chapter has been subdivided into three sections ;the first section tackled with AL - Saqeefah, Fadak,wars of apostasy(huroob alriddah ) ,and the liberation wars (huroob altahreer ).The second section dealt with the way of caliphate moving , murdering Ottoman the caliph ,Imam Ali's battles,Muawiyah bin abi Sufiyan and the independence of AL - Sham. The third section is about Imam Hassan's reconciliation, Yazeed's deeds while ruling, and Bani Umayyad till 114H. The second chapter is entitled " Ahlul Bait's Techniques against Political Problems".The chapter is subdivided into three sections ; the first section tackled with Ahlul Bait's teaching and advice for people.The second section is about the legislating of Ahlul Bait's revolutions whereas the last section is about uncovering and identifying the oppressors in the society.The third chapter is entitled " The Effects of Ahlul Bait's Facing to the Political Problems ".That chapter is of four sections ; the first section is about protecting the core of Islam and the second section is about ceasing the oppressing and torturing of the people by means of the wrong policy.The third section is about warning people of danger that practicing by the governing policy.And finally , the section four is about the preparation for the coming Imam and preparing a resisting generation. Lastly, the end of the dissertation, and the bibliography and the resources lis
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الامام جعفر بن محمد الصادق (عليه السلام) والاسماعيلية في كتاب عيون الاخبار وفنون الاثار (السبع الرابع) للداعية المطلق ادريس عماد الدين القرشي (ت 872هـ - 1467م) : دراسة في النشاة والتكوين == Imam Jafar Bin Mohammad Al Sadiq (May Allah Peace Be Upon Him ) And Ismailia In Eyes Of News And Arts Of Archeology (Seventh Iv) By The Obsolete Preacher Idris Lmad Al Din Al Kara Shy (Died In 872 A.H) : A Study In Origination And Formation

Author name: فواز حمدان الحسناوي
Supervisor name: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: My dissertation deals with Imam gafar bin Mohammad Al Sadiq (May Allah Peace upon him) and Ismailia in the Eyes of News and Arts of Archeology book (Seven IV) by the Islamic preacher Idris Imad AI Din AI Karachi 872 A.H., aStudy In Origination and Formatio. The Ismailai Movement is a religious movement of apolitical cover.It has appeared on the historic stage during the second half of the second senturey A.H. the8th senturey A.D..This movement has developed as an outcome for the prevailing social and political movement of a religious form that calls for publishing the Islamic doctrine in Islamic world in an attempt to exploit the social and economic deteriorating systems of the Muslims community under the Ummaya and Abbasi Kaliphat reign. the principle of complete secrecy is overwhelming the movement instructions and gaols through undercvering an disguise away from the Abbasi authority Which used to hunt their leaderd and followers causing to have very few historic information about that movement. So , the book namely Eyes of News and arts of tackle the Ismailia. The book is one the major sources of this movement history. Ifollowed this resource as a base for a comparison to ot other references. Most of the researchers and movement rely what Al Karachi ,who died in 872 A.H., wrote about Ismailia call. In spite of being historically late for the beginnings of the movement , Al Karachi's book are effective that they revealed some historic facts about Ismailia Movement for many reasons that made him able to write in an elaborated way.One of these reasons is the authors social environment and his decency of an Ismail in family whice included such many advocates as uncle Karachi who left the Ismailia Another tor his nephew. Thus ,the influence of such a heritage is so obvious of such a heritage is so obvious that the author has taken these docurce and reference Look into the Ismail in history besides the incidents that the author himself witnessed
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نساء البلاط الصليحي واثرهن في الحياة السياسية في اليمن حتى عام 532هـ / 1137م : السيدة اروى الصليحية انموذجا == Women Of The Sulayhe'S Court And Their Effect In The Political Life In Yemen Until The Year 532 AH - 1137 AD.Al - Sayda Arwa Al - Sulahea As A Specimen

Author name: فاتن كامل شاهين الغانمي
Supervisor name: حيدر محمد عبد الله
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The abbacy call in Yemen became weak , and degeneration as a result of Yemen political , and economical , and social division , and it's princes whom owed obedience to the abbacy people tended to compete and repulse among each other , and opposite that the Ismailia caller's activity like Mohammed al - sulayhe ( d 459 AH / 1066 AD ) and his son al - Mukaram ( d 477 AH / 1084 AD ) , and his wife al - Sayda Arwa al - Sulayhia ( d 532 AH / 1137 AD ) , Ali al - Sulayhi succeeded in establishing the Sulayhi state in al - Haraz mountain region , and by the year ( 455 AH / 1063 AD ) he was able to subjugate most of Yemen , that enabled the Ismailia call to spread publically through his kingdom , and gave back the Ismailia call it's rightful place in Yemen , which had been weak after the death of Ibn - Hushab ( d 302AH / 914 AD ) , and his sons being divided among each other , and the sermon was held on the state platform for the Fatemean , and al - sulayhi and his wife Asmaa bint - Shehab whom she supported and stood by her husband in managing the state's affairs , for her wisdom and political cleverness , despite the fact the Asmaa didn't rule but she was as the guidance rudder whom her advice never failed in leadership and politics , and Ali - Sulayhi never broke her advice when he consulted her. This family continued ruling Yemen for almost a century ( 439 - 532 AH / 1047 - 1137 AD ) , their are had new type as they united the country under one political banner , and their leverage spread from Hadramout to the south and Al - Hijas to the north , and that never happened neither in ignorance era , nor Islam , and their reign was also unique because the women ruled too just as the women of the Umayyan state ( 41 - 132 AH/ 661 - 749 AD ) , and abbasian state ( 132 - 656 AH / 749 - 1258 AD ) , and Fatemian state ( 297 - 567 AH / 909 - 1171 AD ) after suffering from weakness , disrespect , befor Al - Sulayhi rule , the society looked at her a commonwealth owned by her father , or her husband , and has no value in society , except serving her husband and having offspring, this is a result of shed tribalism , which had an obvious and an important effect on the political life , because she had no other role but the social role at home , except for some period preceded the Sulayhi reign , when the political circumstances in Al - Ziadiyah state ( 204 - 409 AH / 819 - 1018 AD ) , and Al - Najahia state ( 412 - 554 AH / 1021 - 1159 AD ) offered the opportunity for female symbols that had a leading and an active role in the political side , such as Hind Bint Abi Al - Jaish Bin Zyad who worked as a guardian for her nephew in managing the state , and Al - Sayda Al - Hura Alam surnamed by ( Aum Fatik ) who contributed in the policy of Al - Njahia state , and others. During the Sulayhi reign the women's role improved and she was able to be free from the constrains imposed on her , and she had a shared policy with men , and worked in science and knowledge , and the space opened for Yemeni woman to show her ability , after she was neglected , the role of Al - Sayada Arwa Al - Sulaihia ( 477 - 532 AH / 1084 - 1137 AD ) emerged in this position , besides some less relevant roles for some women in state , this woman who played an important role in supporting her husband king Al - Mukarm ( d 477 AH / 1084 AD ) , in managing the state affairs , and ruling by herself after his death , she was able to unit and manage the state under one banner by making reformation and achievements , and put together in her personality ,both the politics and religious leadership , the Fatemian succession didn't give the women only the politics power , but gave her religious authorities , and she was given the position of Al - Huja. by adopting the idea of al - taibia call , after the assassination of Al - Khalifa Al - Amer Bi - Ahkam Deen Allah ( 524 AH / 1129 AD ) , and in both these positions , she had a relationship with the ruling Fatemian succession , and the headquarters of the Ismailian call situated in Cairo. And for this point we chose studying " the women in Sulayhi court and their effect in the political life in yemen until the year 532 AH / 1137 AD. Al - Sayda Arwa Al - Sulayhi as a specimen ". to highlight the role of the women of al - Sulayhi court in political and ideological yemen , and to evaluate this role and it's effect on the state firstly , and to show their effect in the course of historical event in that period secondly. This study is divided into four chapters preceded by introduction, and followed by a conclusion included the results attained by the researcher with a number of appendix , a list of sources and references used in this study. The introduction contained the study of " the women's political role in yemen prior the appearance of al - sulayheen "And it was organized in two leading points. in the first we highlighted the woman's role and the society's view of her , and in the second point we highlighted the political activity , prior to the appearance of al - sulaheen in the political events in Yemen. chapter one discussed " the appearance of al - sulaheen in the political events in Yemen " , contained three subjects , the first subject studied the routs of the Ismayli call in Yemen and discussed : - the rise and beginning of the Ismayli call in Yemen , and the preparing of the Ismayli callers and their mission to Yemen , and the role of Ibn - Hushab in establishing the Ismayli ideology , then the political and ideological division among the Ismayli callers , and finally the Ismayli call activity after the death of Ibn - Hushab , until the rise of Al - Sulayhi state , we were able to remove some of the obscurity accompanied the rise of the Ismayli in Yemen and highlighted on the callers who led the call especially after the death of Ibn - Hushab , the second subject discussed : " the declaration of the Sulayhi reign in Yemen , and their relations with Al - Fatemeian " , and include the political life in Yemen before Al - Sulayheeen appearance , then establishing Al - Sulayhi state by Ali Bin Mohammed Al - Sulayhi until ( 459 AH / 1066 AD ) , and Al - Sulayhi position of the Fatemi succession in Egypt which showed the role of Ali Al - Sulayhi in building his state starting by his education and embracing the Ismayli ideology until the declaration of his state and unite Yemen under his power , the third subject highlighted : " Al - Sayda Asmaa Al - Sulayhia " and her political role during the Sulayhi reign by marring Ali Al - Sulayhi , and her son Al - Aas Mohammed being prince of crown , and the death of the prince and his brother Al - Mukarm ruling , then the assassination of Ali Al - Sulayhi and Al - Sayada captivity , which showed Al - Sayda's role and her effect on Al - Sulayhi state by her husband and son. the second chapter discussed : " Al - Aulayhi state during the reign of king Al - Mukam ( 459 - 477 AH / 1066 - 1084 AD ) included three subjects , the first subject discussed : the role of king Al - Mukarm. since he ruled after his father and his political and military conflict against Yemen tribes whom disobeyed Al - Sulayheen , and his position with Bani Al - Njah ( 312 - 554 AH / 1021 - 1154 AD ) and Al - Zayadia ( 280 - 298 AH / 893 - 910 AD) until he was able to reunite Yemen. the second subject discussed : king Al - Mukarm external policy in his position from the Fatemian succession in Egypt , his position from Al - Hejaz rulers , the third subject discussed : " the leverage of Al - Sayda Arwa Al - Sulayhia " and her role in king Al - Mukrm reign by moving the capital to Thi - Jabla and how the king retired from ruling , and her role in managing the state. and ruling after his death. The third chapter was titled : " Al - Sayda Arwa Al - Sulayhia , her biography and political and ideological activity " , contained three subjects , it highlighted in the first subjects : the biography of Al - Sayda Arwa , name and descent , birth and childhood , her surnames and nicknames , scientific position , death , the difference of historical tales , the second subject discussed : her role in taking care of her son Al - Mustanser then marring the caller Sabaa and ruling after his death , the third subject : it showed the adoption of Al - Sayda fore the idea of Al - Taibia call which explained : introduction to Al - Taibia call , separation from the rule in Egypt after the assassination of Al - Khalifa Al - Amer Bi - Ahkam Deen Allah ( 495 - 523 AH / 1101 - 1129 AD ) , declaration of sermon for his son al - imam Al - Taib. The forth chapter discussed : " Al - Sayda Arwa internal and eternal policy " contained two subjects , the first subject focus on : her internal policy and dealt the managing , social , economical achievements of Al - Sayda Arwa , then her position from Ibn - Najib and the circumstances led to his arrival to Yemen and then her position of the states which ruled Yemen such as Bani - Njah in Zubaid (412 - 554 AH /1021 - 1160 AD ) ,Bani - Zaria in Adan ( 460 - 569 AH / 1067 - 1173 AD ) , Al - Hamadanen in Sanaa ( 494 - 569 AH / 1098 - 1173 AD ). the second subject discussed the eternal policy and showed the relationship between her and Fatemian succession in Egypt starting with Al - Mustanser Bi - Allah (427 - 487 AH / 1035 - 1094 AD ) , and Al - Mustaly Bi - Allah (487 - 495 AH / 1094 - 1101 AD ) and Al - Amer Bi - Ahkam Deen Allah ( 495 - 524 AH/ 1101 - 1129 AD ) , then discussed her position of the Fatemean succession in Egypt after the death of Al - Amer Bi - Ahkam Deen Allah ( 524 - 532 AH / 1129 - 1137 AD ) , and her position of the surrounding states , like Al - Hijaz , Amman , Al - Sanad , north India. The researcher attained a number of results such as : the study shows that Al - Khulafa Al - Fatemeen chose Yemen to be a center for spreading Al - Ismayli call because it's far from the center of Al - Abbasi succession in Baghdad , and the chaos and disturbance and vanishing of political unity , the circulation of Shea in Yemen which is considered the most important factor that helped Al - Ismayli imams to send their callers there , they were able to establish Ismayli state by Ibn - Hushab and Ali bin - alfadhel 270 AH / 883 AD. the study also showed that after the death of Ibn - Hushab and Ali Bin Al - Fadhel , the callers continued in spreading the call in Yemen despite the resistance movements against Al - Ismailia state. The study also proved that one of the most results achieved by king Ali Al - Sulayhi is that his state continued ruling Yemen for about a century , united after the Fatemean Khulafa in Egypt , and it also showed that the relationship between al0sulayheen and Al - Fatemeen is a strong one , and Al - Sulayhi kings represent Al - Fatemeen in Yemen , and the rest of the country like India , Amman , Ihsaa , Sanad , where the Sulayhi kings gave presents to the Fatmean Khulafa , in exchange they gave them titles , these titles increases Al - Sulayhi kings position and strengthen their image against enemies. The study showed us that king Al - Mukrm is one of the strong personalities that strengthen alsulayhi state , he showed a high capability in managing the state's affairs , specially in soling local problems when some tribes disobeyed him ant threated his state , until he was able to eliminate that disobeydance , save his mother from captivity , and take revenge from Saad Al - Ahwal. that happened thanks to the support of a number of Al - Sulahi state , the study also shows that Al - Sayda Arwa had an intelligent mentality enabled her to rule Yemen for a long time , she ruled Yemen besides her son Ali Al - Mukrm ( Abbd Al - Mustanser ) , she was able during her reign with her son to stand against the attempt of Al - Sulayhi leader Sabaa Bin - Ahmed to rule Yemen instead of Al - Mukrm , when her son died she became the actual ruler of Yemen. and nobody could stand against her , because of the support of all Yemeni people and Al - Fatemian succession , and at the end when she died , the Sulahi state vanished , because there was no one qualified to manage the state's affairs , and Al - Taibia call continued in some regions in Sanaa , and turned from public role , to secret role
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كتاب اعيان العصـر واعـوان النصـر للصفــدي (ت 764هـ / 1363م) : دراسة في المنهج والموارد == Al Safadi'S ( D.764 A.H. / 1363 A.D ) A'Ian Al Asr Wa A'Wan Al Nasr " ( The Age Figures And Victory Tools ) : Investigating The Method And Resources

Author name: بشائر هادي حسن رزج
Supervisor name: تحسين حميد مجيد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The study constituted of an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter was devoted to Alsafawi's biography containing his name, lineage and surname, his early life and family, his tutors and students, his poetry, works and jobs, his status and the scholars' sayings about him, his publications and write outs, and his death.The second chapter dealt with Al Safadi's approach in his "A'ian Al Asr", his organization of the book, naming the book, its edition, his method in biographies and writing, the size of biographies, repetition, the tutors and students of the characters mentioned in the book, their scientific achievements and travels, their birth and death.The third chapter studied the resources used by him to organize the material. One of the resources was books where the reference and the citation or secondary citation was mentioned. The other type of resources was contemporary like interviews, news, investigation, correspondence, authorities, writings, observation, facts, as well as what he directly acquired from his tutors.The fourth chapter dealt with the historical material of the book. It dealt with the significance of the book, the works preceded and followed it, the historian citations using it. Then it dealt with the historical material of the book. It mentioned the Abbasi caliphs in Egypt, the Eiyobi princes and sultans, the sultans of Mamlukes, the kings of Morocco, the kings of Andalusia, and the sultans of Mongol. Then it dealt with the foreign relations of Mamlukes like the relations with Hejaz, Yemen and India. This chapter also dealt with civilizational aspect like administrational, scientific, economic, social, and formational aspects. The administrational aspect dealt with the positions at that time like the deputy of sultanate, clerk, inspector, and collector. The scientific aspect dealt with public and private sessions, tutors, jurists, grammarians, Sufis, and ascetics. The economic aspect dealt with jobs and crafts. The social aspect dealt with scientific places, sport games, traditions, and costumes and the like. The constructional aspect dealt with castles, forts, doors, roads, schools, and hospitals. The chapter also dealt with geographical, natural, and sanitation aspects
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الجاحظ واراؤه الاقتصادية في ضوء كتابه التبصر بالتجارة == Aljahedh And His Economic Views In Light Of His Book ( Al - Tabassur Bel Tijara )

Author name: رفعت فيصل ابراهيم العزي
Supervisor name: عبد الباسط عبد الرزاق حسين
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/hostory/%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%AA%20%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Glory be to Allah and peace and bless be upon our ProphetHistory studies is used to introduce a lot of researches and theses which focus on the political and military. Some of these studies are dealing with societies and their components , customs and traditions. Some researches focus on the study of the economics of these societies. This study deals with economic book which is specialized in commerce entitled " Aljahidh and his economic views on light of his book ( Altabassure Bel Tijara ) ". In spitd of the little size of this book but it's very rich with information. In which all pros and cons of commerce where shown. It also contains instructions and advices for those who work in commerce.The current study consisted of five chapters.Chapter One Studies of Aljahidh's life and his scientific position.Chapter two Introduction of the book and its importance among the economic books which appeared in the first Islamic ages.The introduction includes personalities , tribes , cities and other different subjects.Chapter three introduces some metals like gold , silver and some precious stones.Chapter four introduces trade of perfumes , weaves , drugs , paintings and some kinds of clothes.Chapter five studies the commercial characteristics for cities and its most famous goods and some commercial rules and Aljahidh's sayings which showed the economic incomes. It also contains conclusion and a list of resources.
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المبالغات في الروايات التاريخية لعصري النبوة والخلافة الراشدة : دراسة نقدية

Author name: امينة عبد الكريم عبد الستار الخفاجي
Supervisor name: عبد الخالق خميس علي التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: H - Book Albuldanyen : As for the sources of geographic , this study relied on some books Albuldanyen to identify some places and cities contained in the letter , as well as what information it contains historical value is indispensable to the researcher about them ( Lexicon what Ostagam names Albuladoualmoada ) for Bakri (d. 487AD/1094AH)) , and ( Lexicon countries ) of sapphire Hamwi (d.626AD/1228AH). X - modern references : In the area of recent studies have reported the study of some Arabic references , as well as some of the theses , research and articles published in magazines. It took some of them information about the reason that lies behind some historians exaggerations in some reports , while according to some books and theses methodology used by some historians authored books and resources including : . Arab history and historians ,Shakir Mustafa . Flags of Zrcell 2) 3) the date when the Muslims aware of the Orientalist Franz Rosenthal. 4) Journal of the Orient. 5) Journal of the word. In conclusion, I put my humble hands of our teachers and I hope to obtain acceptance of them. AD and finished authoring the year( 915AH/ 303AD) AD and its sources and clear because it scored in assigning news.W - wrote a local history : including ( News city of the Prophet ) to the son of rubbish (814AH/199AD) known for his weakness in speaking , so we did not find a reference to a study of his life in various aspects ; notes on the book of Ibn rubbish free some texts from Sindh and especially with regard to the news of the city and its plans in his time due to the fact that most of his information was derived from his observations and his personal information , and with that we find it does not neglect the male elders who transport them in the rest of the text , (1)) reported in the study took the novel weak and employ them in the message. And book (the date of Baghdad ) to Ahmed bin Ali al - Khatib al - Baghdad(d.463AD/1070AH) And is one of the most celebrated books of translations in the field of Arab - Islamic culture which he addressed the history of the city of Baghdad, and built and rivers and their homes and coming out of the companions and translations of the caliphs and nobles and Men of science and literature , who were born in Baghdad or other countries and Nzloha , and of moved them to the town of others and died there. arranged all along the alphabets in the first name without circumvent character second of the structure of the name. began by mentioning the name Muhammad blessing of the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him). It also singled out in the final section of the book, who knew by his nickname or his name. As well as biographies of women with science and thought. C - biographies : including a book ( classes ) of Mohammed bin Saad ( d,230AD/844AH) addresses two main themes the first biography of the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family) and the second Translations companions and followers and has served folders remaining , but the last reserved for women , and Book ( classes ) for Khalifa bin tailor (d.240AD/845AH) , according to the study in the translation of some of the historical figures and some of the narrators and Sindh so as to know the trustworthy narrators of the weak. 1)sa lama , Salah Abdul Aziz Zain , City News prophetic son from the date of garbage collection and study of curriculum texts , (Master unpublished ). Umm Al Qura University.Mecca.1321AD/2000AH.pp 40 - 46. readings , and take care of him and display the faces of the language as well as the opinions and jurisprudential Ajthadath deposited by the book in question... , and mentions months of statements , and cites to say what affects from his companions and followers, and then exposed to the likelihood of words , and subject to terms of the Bedouins , and the development of provisions taken from the verse , and the likelihood of what he sees , but nonetheless we find it is marketed in the interpretation of news stories from Israel , which still need to cash examiner , said the study contained in the news from the Messenger of Allah ( Allah bless him and his family and him).B - The books hadith : them ( SahihBukhari ) Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim Al - Bukhari (d. 256AD / 869AH ) , was modernists interested mainly biographies people talk , did not know about it Bmeulh to a specific destination , he heard talk of scholars of Mecca and City and scientists from Egypt (1)) , that his ( correct) familiar with the book , and a recent book and jurisprudence , in order to follow the way that distinguishes them from Imam Muslim in his Saheeh , and it cut conversations and dispersed and its proceeds under the doors in order to infer their what translates it, and repeat with the conversations in multiple locations not cleared primarily of interest Brachytherapy or parenchymal and has stated in the study cited some hadith to refute some news incorrect and Established(2). T - wrote the general history : including ( Date Yacoubi ) to Ahmad ibnIshaqibnJa'far (d. 292AH / 905AD ) , his book A Brief History regulator deals with world history since the creation until the year 259AH / 872AD , follow the approach neglecting the grounds because it was settled at that time and may aided the spread of blogging on that stability. Then he rarely mentions its source because it would only give the basic sources at the beginning of his book , but his style of presentation of the material is the sequence of the covenants and yearbooks. And sometimes came by the uniqueness of the historical information. And book (the date of the apostles and kings ) of Muhammad bin Jarir al - Tabari (d. 310AD / 922AH ) Department of his book into two main pre - Islamic and beyond , Section I discuss the creation and start and fall of Adam ( peace be upon him ) and ends up talking about grandparents the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him) as a prelude to the era of the message, and the second section deals with Islamic history since the era of 1)Mustafa Shakir , Arab history and historians study the development of the science of history and knowledge of his men in Islam ,T1, ( Beirut : Dar al - Ilm Ah1398/AD1978),c1,p236. 2)Haji khalifa ,Mustafa bin abdullahHanafi Constantinople Rumi, (d,1067AH/1656AD), Asami, revealed suspicions about books and the arts, ( Beirut : Dar scientific books 1413AH/1992AD),c1,p363. And it must be noted that the approach taken in this study was a critical historical approach , and the meaning of the monetary approach , is a critique of assets or primary sources using external or virtual cash , which aims to prove the text in the document , and internal criticism or internist is intended to indicate intention of the author of the document in his words , and then figure out sincerity in the novel. A - your search : The study consists of an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion and proven sources and references , each chapter is divided into two sections , devoted the first chapter to the study of the political side and the military , taking the battles that appeared in novels some exaggerations throughout the eras of the Prophet and Rashidi , with an indication of the degree of risk in numbers armies and the dead of both sides and prove some of the facts of each battle , too, for taking the first section novels amounts in the reigns of the Great Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him) and Abu Bakr ( may Allah be pleased with him ) , and the second section novels amounts in the covenants caliphs Omar ibn al - Khattab and Othman IbnAffan (may Allah be pleased with them ) and Imam Ali bin AbiTalib ( peace be upon him). And the second chapter in the economic side of the novels exaggerated , as it has been criticism and prove what they are , the first research to ensure the financial resources of the State of the Arab - Islamic and expenditures , and the second part, the risk in the numbers of funds. The third chapter dealt with the historical novels set and divided it into two sections also with respect to the first novels set in the era of the Prophet ( Allah bless him and his family and him) and Abu Bakr ( may Allah be pleased with him ) , and the second covers every era of the Caliphs Omar bin kattab and Othman IbnAffan (may Allah be pleased with them). B - Display sources : The study relied on a number of ancient sources , which have a key role in enriching and modern references , and will be referred to some of them which is as follows : A - written explanation : which ( inclusive statement about the interpretation of the Koran ) , known as ( Tabari ) Muhammad bin Jarir al - Tabari (d. 310AD / 922AH) , which is one of my interpretations and most comprehensive , as it did not depend on the color of one of interpretation , but included a many colors lifted when scientists would, Vatabra despite its reliance on interpretation Mathur mainly in his book collection to it by the side of the novel know - how and assigned the book on it , and I care a lot Koranic Praise be to God and prayer and peace be upon the best of creation Muhammad bin Abdullah and on The God of the good and virtuous. After : That record the events of history _ the capacity and the details _ tainted many exaggerations and fillers and superstition in some cases , and all because history is the product of human beings so accompanied by shortages and imbalances and the situation , and multiple reasons include historical novels such as this imbalance , including what relation to the psychology of the news and the narrator and of and love in inflating the event to give it the importance and highlighted among other events , and some of which also relates to shift the news and what accompanies Blogging Tsahev and distortion , and which highlight the bright side of the historic event to add to exaggerate it , and also try to give them success from the presence of the history of his people or his nation Vigolh that goes on in the news story and the novel , and paired with this success, divine providence or the fact that his nation has sponsored these people care. And hardly devoid history of any nation of exaggerations in historical novels , and will try this study shed light on this aspect of historical writing on the duration of Islamic historical mission , and is the era of prophecy and caliphate so carried this title ( exaggerations in the historical novels of the modern prophethood and caliphate critical study ) and study comes within the field of historical studies concerned with the disclosure of historical fact and proved, and particularly in the Islamic history. From here came the desire to study the subject, and from the presence of my teachers encouraged in the Department of History. It is well known that the study of history and events and factors affecting it , and his feature known only to the person who is engaged in this kind of knowledge and science , and had to historians Arabs and Muslims preferred to identify the events of the past , but some of them are mentioned historical events without criticism , and transferred at face value and some of the lies and oodles , others convey the truth. But it is necessary to raise the important question in this aspect and what is the reasons. why some historians to exaggerate ? , And how to be detected?. This study may open a new door for the study of the same subject in the Islamic eras other because our study was limited to a period of early Islam and is the era of the Prophet Muhammad ( may Allah bless him and his family and him) and the era of the Caliphs ( may Allah be pleased with them ) , as the Islamic eras differ from each other because each has its advantages and its events , so the door exaggerations in novels and wading in it stays open for the study of later ages.
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دراسة المستشرقين الالمان للسيرة النبوية : فلهاوزن نموذجا == The German Orientalists’ Studies On The Prophets Life, Julius Wellhausen As A Model

Author name: فرست زبير محمد الروذبياني
Supervisor name: هاشم يحيى الملاح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
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معمر بن راشد ومروياته التاريخية == Ma’Amar Bin - Rashid And His Historical Narrations

Author name: مها عبد الرحمن حسين الزيدي
Supervisor name: تحسين حميد مجيد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The Arabs were concerning with studying “holy Quran” along with telling the messenger holy talks.The holy Quran was collected and put down in the region of the first Kalifate Al - Rashidi, and it was completely collected and written down in the time of the third Kalifate.In respect with the messenger holy talks that being put down, after a long period, and probably, the prophetic biography was preceded the holy prophetic talks, for the biography of Ibn - Es’haak that reached to us by Ibn - Hushaam, was the lastest one.So, some researchers consider that the genuine intuition and genius of Arabs in writing the history appeared apparently in biography rather than news telling. There isn’t a nation, save Arab nation, pays more attention to the biography, beginning with Ibn - Es’haak, who wrote down the prophetic biography, and Al - Waqidi and Ibn - Saad who wrote narrators layers. The most prevailing feature of Arabic books, was the biography of celebrities. The lights have been focused on the prophetic biography wrote by Ibn - Es’haak since he was the first who put down the prophetic biography and put its basic bases. But the prophetic biography that begin written by Ma’amar Bin - Rashid had not been taken, because it didn’t reach us except some narrations transferred by some historians like Al - Wakidi, Ibn - Saad, Al - Balathri and Al - Tabari and only what saved in some libraries and the world museums, just like the eastern institute in Chicago. The text was published by the researcher Nabeha Aboud; in addition, we got other pieces of this biography and were still preserving in Istanbul, Morocco and Damascus. The copy of Istanbul was written on a piece of yam which being copied in Tilaitala in (363 A.H.).The significance of Islamic invasions together with the biographies that written by Maamar Bin - Rashid were because he was contemporary with Ibn - Es'haak and be near to his age, Ibn - Es'haak was born in (75 A.H.) and died in (151 A.H) or in (152 A.H.), while Maamar born in (95 A.H.) and died in (153 A.H.). Hence, they were of the same generation and of the same sources, who was mohammed Bin - Muslim Bin - Shihab Al - zahri (50 - 124 A.H.), being considered the first who put down the Islamic history, wrote down the prophetic invasions and gave the prophetic biography its present frame known now.So, probably, that Ibn - Es'haak considered the first who wrote down the prophetic biography which reached to us via Ibn - Hushaam may be taken from Maamar Bin - Rashid or both were quoting from one another. Hence, the narrations by Maamar Bin - Rashid were of high significance, but actually didn’t reach us in the form of volume, as did so Ibn - Es’haak biography. It’s worthy to note that my professor Dr.Tahsen Hameed draws my considerable attention to the importance of the current subject, while we are on the end of the preparation year. He demanded me to collect the narrations by Maamar Bin - Rashid for studying them, just like my another professor while he was in the college of Art - Al - Basra university, who supervised on a corresponding study written by salma Abdul - Hammed Al - Hashimi, who collected the lost narrations by Ibn - Taifour from the book of Baghdad and she was awarded with Ph.D. The nature of the study obligates to collect lost texts of Maamar narrations and to classify them, especially those concerned with prophetic biography. I’m demanded to collect them in one text and this work considered as a great effort, since it will submit to the researchers ready texts that could be depended in writing the biography and they are as if for Maamar Bin - Rashid. The reader will find these texts of these narrations in the second chapter since it is a basic part of the thesis that’s why the chapter is massive in its substance, quantitatively and qualitatively. I arranged the historical subjects in a traditional manner of Ibn - Es’haak and Ibn - Hushaam, starting with debutante of creation of over Mister Adam and initial messengers, followed by the mission and Islamic invasions. I arrange the invasions according to chronological sequence.The first chapter deals with Maamar’s life together with his youth, science demanding, his tutors, his students, his knowledge and sciences and historian’s impression. The third chapter is a completion of Maamar’s narrations, for the period of Kalifate Al - Rashidi and Amawyian state. My main concern is of the prophetic biography, and hoping all the biographies would be printed in the future.The fourth chapter manages to study the important bases of these narrations (tutors and students), including the method of Ma’amar in mention his narrations along with comparing them with those by Ibn - Es’haak , especially what concern with Islamic invasions and prophetic biography, and with those written by Ibn - Hushaam, who did not stated that he taken it from Ma’amar. I have depended on many sources and references that contribute together in building the current thesis.1. The Holy Prophetic BooksThe most outstanding of which is “Sahih Al - Bukhari” written by Abi - AbdAllah Mohammed Esma’el (died on 256 A.H.) and “Sahih Muslim” written by Adi - Al - Hussein Muslim Bin Al - hajaj (died on 261 A.H.) and others that being used as to raise Ma’amar’s narrations. I have also used Al - Musanaf book written by Abdul - razaq Bin Hamam Al - Sinaani (died on 211 A.H.), and we got Al - Jamaa book by Ma’amar Bin - Rashid (153 A.H.) through him. Al - Jamaa book is considered as an annex to Al - Musanaf book, that reach us by the way of Adul - Razaq Al - Sinaani who consider as a preserve for his biography and a famous one of his students.2. Interpreting BooksMany of interpreters have recited many talks written by Ma’amar in interpreting some Arts of holy Quran, despite that Ma’amar lived and died before appearing well - known interpretation books. Furthermore, his narrations contained a historical substance, which explained and interpreted some Ayat (denotations) of holy Quran. The most significant books of interpretation : “Jamaa Al - Bian Aan Taawel Ayat Al - Quran” by Mohammed Bin - Jarir Al - Tabari (died on 310 A.H.), “Tafseer Ibn - Katheer” by Abu - Al - Fidaa Esma’el Bin Oumar (died on 774 A.H.). It is necessary to note that I leave his other narrations and talks that don’t handle the historical side either be interpretation books or talks - books.3. Attribution Books The important one was “Al - Ansab” book by Abi - Saad Abdul - Karim Al - Samaani (died on 562 A.H.), “Al - Lubab Fi Tahtheeb Al - Ansab” by Ibn - Al - Atheer Ezadin Al - Jazri (died on 606 A.H.) which I got much benefit from, in knowing the relativism of Ma’amar Bin - Rashid.4. Men and Layers BooksI have used these books to build up my current thesis. These books of different kinds considered the richest field that gives us a great information. They do not submit to the incidents civilized appearances and social atmosphere, in a chronological series and logical connection, rather they submit to these incidents and social appearances in an undisconnection order. The books are enriching with the scientist, jurisprudence and the men of history and literature. Ma’amar, was one of these men, whose personality endowed with many sciences. The books have a great deal of his personality and knowledge, these books gave us valuable information about his relativism, date of his birth and death together with his tutors and students.There are many volumes which include : “Al - Tabakat Al - Kubra” by Ibn - Saad (died on 230 A.H.) which I got benefit of, specially in dealing with Ma’amar historical biography which was enjoyed and updated with many parts of this book, also “Al - tabakat” by Ibn - Khyat (died on 240 A.H.) that gave us information about the date of birth and death of Ma’amar, “Al - jarh wi Al - Taadeel” by Ibn - Abi Hatim (died on 327 A.H.), “Al - Thukat” by Ibn - Habaan (died on 354 A.H.).The books of Mohammed Bin - Uthman Al - Thahabi (died on 748 A.H.). “Tathkirat Al - Hufadh”, “Sier Alam Al - Nubalaa) and the books of Ibn - Hajar Al - Asqalani (died on 852 A.H.) “Tahtheeb Al - Tahtheeb”, “takreeb Al - tahtheeb” and “Al - Esaba Fi Tamiez Al - Sihaba”. All these books are arranged alphabetical, and being used to give more information about Ma’amar, his students and his tutors, these books are having a very significant role in giving confirmation for historical narrations. 5. History BooksThe top of which was “The history of Kalipha Bin - Kayat” and the books “Ansab Al - Ashraaf” and “Futuh Al - Buldan” by Al - Balathri Abu - Al - Hassan Ahmed (died on 279 A.H.) which submit some of Ma’amar historical biography, also I get benefit from the book “Tarikh Al - Rusil wa Al - Muluk” by Mohammed Bin - Jarir Al - Tabari, in which the recitation of Ma’amar was more than the previous ones, besides the recitation of the period of first messengers and the period of Islamic invasions. Also the book “Al - Bidaya wa Al - Nihaya” by Ibn - Kather (died on 774 A.H.) which was enriched with Ma’amar recitation either be in the period of Islamic invasions or in the period of Al - Kalifate Al - Rashideen.6. Biographies and Islamic Invasions BooksWhich I used them more, especially when I mention Ma’amar’s historical tales. These included “Al - Magazi” by Mohammed Bin - Oumar Al - Wakidi (died on 207 A.H.) which was rich in Ma’amar’s historical narrations. Also the prophetic biography books, of them the eldest ones were “Sierat Ibn - Es’haak” (died on 151 A.H.) and “Sierat Ibn - Hushaam” (died on 218 A.H.), which I used them to make comparison between Ma’amar’s narrations and their narrations in relation to historical and narrators fields.7. Books of Countries and Linguistic Encyclopedia Which I depend upon in determining some sites in different territories. The most famous book is “Mu’jam Al - Buldan” by Yakut Al - Hamawi (died on 626 A.H.) and of linguistic encyclopedia,the book “Mukhtar Al - Sihah” by Mohammed Bin - Abi - Baker Al - Razi (died on 666 A.H.), “Lisan Al - Arab” by Ibn - Mandhur Jamal El - deen Mohammed (died on 711 A.H.) and “Al - Kamus Al - Muheet” by Al - Fairuzabadi (died on 817 A.H.). In addition there were many other references, which their benefit came secondary.8. Modern BooksIn this thesis I use many modern books, and some of modern historians whom I get benefit of, who deal in their books many relevant sides like “Hadiat El - Arifen” by Esma’el Basha Al - Baghdadi, “Kamus Al - Alaam” by Al - Zargali, “Al - Tarikh Al - Arabi wa Al - Muarikin” by Shakir Mustafa, and “Taikh Al - Mathahib Al - Islamia” by Aiman Fouad Said from which I got many benefit points in during research.In spite of difficulty which I encountered during my research, and the prominent one was a lot of Ma’amar’s narrations and their scattering among many books especially those composed of many volumes that required a long time to scan so as not to miss any chance through which I could get a historical tale by him. Furthermore, the difficult conditions through which our country goes, which affect a great deal on students of knowledge and intuition. I want say that I do my best after firstly depending on Allah and on my professor secondly. I supplicate over Allah that I achieve a part of my study.
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النظرية السياسية الاسلامية في دراسات المستشرقين البريطانيين توماس ارنولد - هاملتون كب - ان لامبتون انموذجا == The Islamic Political Theory In The Studies Of British Orientalists Thomas Arnold, Hamilton Gibb, Ann Lambton

Author name: زاهدة محمد طه محيي الدين المزوري
Supervisor name: ناصر عبد الرزاق الملا جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
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موقف اهل الكوفة من الاحداث السياسية فــي العصر الاموي (41 هـ - 132 هـ) == The Attitude Of Kufa Prople Toward The Political Events In Al - Amawy Reign 41 A.H - 132 A.H

Author name: اسماعيل خليل حسن المهداوي
Supervisor name: عاصم اسماعيل كنعان العباسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The Third chapter sheds lights on the separation of India from the Abassid Empire when the former could have put an end to its subjection to the Islamic caliphate, gained independence and then it has been partitioned into small states as the Ghazweni and the Ghori ones and then it fell under the Memlooki rule.
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الحياة الاجتماعية في اوربا في العصور الوسطى الاسلامية من خلال المصادر العربية == The Social Life In Europe In Islamic Mediaeval Ages Through The Arabic Surces

Author name: بهار احمد جاسم محمد السامرائي
Supervisor name: عاصم اسماعيل كنعان العباسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The Study of The social life in Europe in Islamic mediaeval ages through the Arabic sources. Includes : prelude and three shapters , beside the conclusion and a list of sources and references The prelude contains a study about European the Islamic Arabic understanding. It start with explanation to Europe name and Its geographical places through the seven earth's areas. The first chapter explains the study of the most important primary sources. which we can get our information from and about it It refers to the study of liberation wars and Islamic Arabic's openings in Europe. Then these wars was opened a new reign to Europe. It starts with a great development in it's general life , and it's social system. Then the Muslims can establish the essential of this opening in a few years and also they can dismiss the elements of malice , chaos , and organized the country at less the opening parts of the country. For the second feature it gives us information about Europe. It was through the way of sacrifice and mutual zing the hostages. through the wars. which was done between the Islamic Arabic's state and the Byzantines state. This was one of the features which gives us information about Europe state's numbers and it's ways and paths. The third feature it's regard the most important feature because it's the feature of trips which gives us the right and clear information , and we show in it the important trips which was had the great effect in describing the social life or the natural enviroment of Europe from the most important trips was Ibn - Fadhlan's trip which gives us many direct informations about Europe's east nations , and we depend up on it in describing many social sides , it talks about objectives , natures , and traditions. From the other important trips is Abi Hamed AL - Grnaty's trip which consider from the most important trips which gives us information which no less important than Ibn Fadhlan's trip. According to these trips their was a study to the other trips for example (AL - Gazzal , AL - Mounajim , AL - Idreesiy , and Ausama bin Mounqith trip) all these trips as important as all the first of all trips.The conclusion of the first chapter was a study to the civilize mixture between the Arab and Europe. this chapter also study the features which helps Europe to take from the Islamic Arabic civilization in all its sides and arenas. The second chapter : contains a study to the European society , and its human species , their origins and sorts in addition to their immigration and centers of their residence.The third chapter : contains a study to the social life in Europe , it is divided into many objects of research as follow : the characteristies and matures of European human races beside their customs and tradition. Scond chapter : the dominant religions in the European society at that time. Third object : the European woman's situation , and her effecters in the Europe's Society it also contain the marriage traditions , the food and drunks at that time , the kinds of clothes which they were dress , and also the baths. This chapter contains the kind of games which was played by the members of that society , such as knighthood , playing with weapon , hunting , and the animal fighting. At the end of the section we talk about the most important European's arts , and it consists of music and singing. The conclusion comes to show the important result which the research reach to. At the end I want to show that I do my beast in this research and if I successed in it that will be from God merciful. If it was the other side. so that from my self that because I want to be most clear in my research and in God we trust.
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الحركة العلمية في طليطلة الاسلامية 93 - 478هـ/711 - 1085م

Author name: مصطفى كامل محمد حمزة الشباني
Supervisor name: عبد الامير عبد حسين دكسن
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: توزعت الدراسة على اربعة فصول، تسبقها مقدمة ويعقبها عدة ملاحق تناول الفصل الاول، جغرافية طليطلة والفتح العربي الاسلامي فضلا عن السكان وبعض الجوانب الادارية والعمرانية والاقتصادية. والفصل الثاني تناول المؤسسات العلمية في طليطلة، وقسمناه على خمس فقرات هي | Arab conquests transformed to Al - Andlus the gross of scientific activities which the skilled in Quran science ,Hadith ,Feqah ,Linguistic sciences ,Social Sciences languages ,linguistic ,Philosophy ,history ,geography ,Prescience as medicine architecture.They established mosques ,and science houses.It was areal scientific centers which Moslems and people of these lands who did not understand anything in knowledge took from them.later they became competitor for main science center in Baghdad ,Cairo and Damascus.Importance of this subject emerges that Arabic Islamic conquests to Tulaitela city ( 93 H /711D) was historical transformation which changed events for Arab and Islam in western wing of Arabic and Islamic nation.This city had alead rule in scientific life of Al - Andalus privately and Europe in general elongates history specially in reign of it Arabic Moslems leaders who carry Arabic Islamic flay which was carried by Tariq Bin Ziad and Musa Bin Nussair ( dead on 97 H/ 715 D.C) and established its bases and expanded.its values. They filled the lamts of Islam and Arabic language and other science by the oil which make it more lightening and ability for existence and continuity with effectiveness in most lands of Andalus and Europe.The study is divided in to four chapters beginning by introduction.First chapter is about Tulaitela and Arabic Islamic conquest as well as population an some administrative building and economical sides.Second chapter is about Scientific institutions in Tulaitela and it was divided in to five sections : Moseques ,hous of children teaching ( Katateb) , libraries ,scientific councils and Tulaitela university.Thired chapter is about Tulaitela scientific heritage in various sciences.The nature of the research and over whelming date about third chapter make its papers more than other Although this appears unbalanced ,but it was necessary.Fourth chapter is about trips made by scientists of Tulaitela to Andalus cities and Islamic world cities and vise versa.The research provide his thesis by great number of resources : old ,new and translated resources as wall as many articles and study which erich the thesis
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المنهج الاختباري في نهج البلاغة

Author name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
Supervisor name: رباب جبار طاهر السوداني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Nehig Al - Balagah is abook Which has been Coolected and Written by Al - Sharif Al - Redi.This book contains the addresses , ulessages , prayers , orders and short address belongs to Imam Ali Abn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). The time has failed to abrade the speech and science of Imam Ali. Nehig Al - Balagah contains various kinds of science. Ther fore , many studies have been made about it. un fortunately thes studies are concentrated on the religions , social , poletical sides , and left the scientific side. If we examine Nehig Al - Balagah very weel we can noticethat there is scientific sense has not been understood by the scientists in that time , inspite of the explaination of Imam Ali for the scientestts , but now in this time with this scientific revelution , the meaning of thes sentes becom clear.The companions of the prophet and the followers don’t under stand what Imam Ali has from knowledge and science. They think that the scientific informeation in the holy Quran is just for the coheranee and grammatical matter. This means that there is nefther astudy for the scientific laws in the book nor astudy for the natural faets that have been mentioned by Imam Ali (pase be upon him). Taceuranee of the natural phenomenans is regular , sowe can discover these natural events by sense we mean that ther is static laws in the nature these laws are responssible of shaping the life in the nature. From this introduction we want to reach to very important point this point is that the scientificmind of Imam Ali in Nehig Al - Balagah. There are many scientific laws in the nature that have been mentioned by Imam Ali specily when he speaks about natural phenomenen , Man , Animals , and plant. The main aim of this study is to show the accurate note for Imam Ali (pease bewpon him) and his scientific information about this note. Inorder to make astudy for Nehig Al - Balagah , we divide our study to an prefase and three chapters , the prefase deals with the origin of Imam Ali thoughts. It contains the sources and science of Imam Ali (pease bewpon him). It also deals with the verious scieutific knowledge for Imam Ali. Also in the introduction we have made Nehig Al - Balagah as a tipical example for science. Also It deals with its subjects and attribution of the book. The first chapter deals with the scieutific theories and discoveries. In the book there are many of scieutific theories these theories are concerned with , space , Geography , physics theories , also there are many scieutific discoveries these discoveries different according to different fields. As far as the second chapter is concerned , This chapter is under the title on the laboratory study and test field. It is full of subjects. The laboratory study is divided in to three topics. The first theme is about Human body. It deals with phases of creation of the fetus , Anatomy of human body and the job of some origens , like , the eyes the ears , origens of breathing and origens of speech , heart and bones. The second them is about Animal laboratory. It deals with insects and birds laboratory. also it deals with the ways of proliferate of some Animals. The third theme is about plant laboratory. It deals with plant Anatomy and the types of the plant according to according to its ability. In addtion for these three themes in this chapter we have studed different science. As far as the third chapter is concerned , this chapter deals with Nehig Al - Balagah scieutific reports.these reports are spread in the whole book , if we collect and write these reports we can get one united report. also these reports are fully constracted and united and about one subject. There are many reports in the book , there fore , we have divide it in to three themes. The first theme is geographical report , it deals with the wind , geographical sitnition of the place and its effects. The second them is the medical report. It deals with many parts like , diagnosis and causes of the desease , indication of the desease , and the treatment for these deseases. The third theme is about Animals report , It deals with the places , way of living , hapits and deseases of Animals. Also there are many parts about these themes , that we try to explaine it with move details inorder to be very clear to the mind.
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بنو المنتفق ودورهم في التاريخ العربي الاسلامي حتى نهاية العصر العباسي == The Role Of Banu Al Montafiq In The Islamic Arabic History Until The End Of The Abbasid Era

Author name: علي نايف مجيد الكرخي
Supervisor name: عبد الباسط عبد الرزاق حسين
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/hostory/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81.pdf
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The Introduction and the research field : Praise to be for Allah the lord of the worlds and peace and pray upon the honest prophet Mohammed. It is considered as a hard and important task to search on the history and life of the trips because of many problems which face the researchers such as the contrariety in information. So studying the life of a tripe as a unit of the Arab society is of an important subject because the other trips are about to be similar in the traditions and culture with the same economical , political natural and religion factors. Before Islam , the Arab society was not able to be united because of the geographical reasons which affected the life of the trips and made them fight each other as well as the controlling of the strong foreign countries over the Arab lands in Arab peninsula or Iraq. In spite of that the Arab trips succeeded in achieving the educational unit by trade or the permanent searching for water and food or by pilgrimage for Macca and other places for worshiping. We have to refer that it is not possible to draw a complete and comprehensive picture for the whole different activities of this tripes because of the lacks in information especially in the economical , sociological and educational circumstances in the Arabic resources. This study was divided into introduction and four chapters and conclusion with the most important resources as well as an abstract in Arabic and English language. In the first chapter we dealt with the role of Beno Al - Montafiq in establishing the tripe and their linage , days and houses. As for the second chapter we talk about their role in the period of the prophet (peace and pray upon him) and their narrating to the prophet speeches , as well as their role in the ear of caliphates and Al - Amawy era. As in the third chapter we talked about their role in Al - Abbassy era. In the fourth chapter we talked about the speeches of the prophet which they narrated in the past.
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دور الوزراء في الصراعات السياسية الداخلية على السلطة في دولة المغول الايلخانيين 656 - 736 هـ / 1258 - 1335 == The Role Of Ministers In The Internal Political Struggles For The Authority In The State Of The Alalikhanyan Mongols(565 - 736 A.H / 1258 - 1335A.D

Author name: شيرين علي احمد السبعاوي
Supervisor name: علاء محمود قداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Subject of this thesis is Role of the Ministers in the internal political conflicts on the Power in The Elkhani Moguls' State (656 - 736 A.H/1258 - 1335 A.D).I divided the study into preliminary and four chapters : The preliminary included the early history for Moguls and unifying Mongolia under rule of Jankiz Khan and the Mogul invasion to the Islamic World and establishing of Elkhani Moguls State.The fist chapter which titled (role of Al - Juwaini Ministers in the conflict on Power in the Elkhani Moguls State till reign of The Elkhan Argon) where I gave in its beginning a brief about the ministry and its birth and development, then I talked about ministers of the Moguls Empire before establishing of the Elkhani Moguls State and about Ibn Al - Alqamy as a first minister for the Elkhans, and followed that in studying Al - Juwaini ministers and about their assumption to ministry office and the conspiracies against them, and their role in the conflict on the power beside Elkhan Ahmed Tokodar who was the main reason in their death at the end.The second chapter came under title (Buqa and the Jewish Saad Al - Dawla and their role in the conflict on the power on Elkhan Argon's reign, and we talked in this chapter about Buqa and how reached to the ministry office and his conspiracy on the Elkhan Argon and his murder, as well as, we dealing with Saad Al - Dawla's ministry and his tyranny with power and his murder and Jewish losing.The third chapter titled (ministers' conflict on the four Elkhans reign Kikhato, Baido, Ghazan and Olgaitu) included role of the minister Sadder Addin Al - Zanjani in the conflict on power between Ghazan and Baido, as well as his conflict with price Nawroz and his murder, then we talking about ministry of Saad Addin Al - Sawchi and Qutb Addin Al - Sherazi and Ali Shah Al - Gelani, and the conspiracies which participated in them and their effects which followed that.The fourth chapter which titled (role of the ministers in the conflict on power in Abi Saeed and his accessories' reign). We talked about the conspiracy which carry by Ali Shah against Rashid Addin and his murder, then about the conflict between Ghiath Addin Ibn Ali Shah and his conflict with his brother and separated him, as we dealing with ministry of Rukin Addin Sabin and the minister Demashiq Khawaja and the Jubanis losing, then about ministry of Giath Addin Ibn Rashid Addin and his role in the political conflicts which ended with collapsing of the Elkhans Moguls State
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الاراضي العشرية في صدر الاسلام == Usher Lands In The Early Islamic Age

Author name: زياد طارق باهر اسمير الحيالي
Supervisor name: عبد الوهاب خضر الياس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Scholars and researchers started to pay a great deal of attention to economic studies. The lands subjected to the state tax (usher) in the early Islamic age are considered that should be given special attention as these lands have a direct relation with the economy of the Arab - Islamic State as well as their tight connection with many administrative affairs in the Arab - Islamic State.Undoubtedly, there are several studies that tackled the Arab - Islamic history in the early Islamic age from the economic and the financial points of view but only in a limited way, while the subject of the lands subjected to the state tax (usher), was not dealt with by economic scholars as this subject is an independent subject in comparison to Kharaj lands which were dealt with independently and in details for various periods of time. So, information about the tenth tax lands is not much in the different historical, geographical, literary and Fiqh references in the different fields of Fiqh including the Arabic And foreign references. Within all this, choosing this subject was because this subject was not tackled with the necessary care by the scholars in addition to its importance in research. The scholar aimed at writing the economic history and he adopted the methodology represented by the induction of the narrations related to this subject as they were mentioned in the Islamic references and making use of the scholars' studies of the researches that is related to the subject of this study to accomplish the objective of the study using the analytical method. The research was not limited to the narrations only, but discussing, analyzing and reaching the results in light of the information submitted by the different references. To serve this study scientifically in a sincere way, the study was divided into three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one dealt with the Islamic conquests and their impacts on the types of lands ownerships. But chapter two tackled the resources of the tenth - taxed lands possession, while chapter three dealt with the almsgiving diwan and dealing with the tenth - tax and then the conclusion, which tackled the following : 1. The Islamic conquest, which resulted in the expansion of the geographic base of the Arab - Islamic state, was of a vital role in the emergence of different patterns of the agricultural land ownerships. 2. The deeds of prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) and the caliph Omar Ibn AlKhattab towards the lands which were annexed to the Arab - Islamic have become antecedents to the Islamic state in its different ages.3. The Arab - Islamic state gave the priority to Arabs in paying the tenth for the lands and preferred them over the Kharaj tax payers. 4. Possessing the tenth - taxed lands became more than it was at the beginning on the Islamic state foundation, especially in the Umayyad age. 5. The payment for those cultivated lands for Muslim was not a tax nor a levy but this payment represented almsgiving and charity to the Muslims exchequer.6. Through the study it was clear that most of the tenth - taxed lands in the early Islamic - Arab state were so many and were dominated by the caliphs, leaders and distinguished noble persons from the Arabs. 7. It was also evident that the early Islamic - Arab state had its own institutions, which were independent from each other and that is manifested through the diwan of almsgivings and the collection of funds and their expenditure.8. At the beginning of Islam, the Arab - Islamic state knew and practiced many methods in investing the agricultural lands at that period and the most common one is the method of Muzara'a which was adopted by prophet Mohammed peace be upon him and his companions.9. The owners of many agricultural lands in various locations used to run these lands by their proxies because as these lands are located in various provinces and due to their vast areas and that prevents them from running them.
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الحياة الفكرية في مدينة الحيرة قبل الاسلام == Intellectual Life In The City Of Al - Hera Before Islam

Author name: عبد الكريم جاسم محمد علي الجبوري
Supervisor name: ابراهيم محمد علي الجبوري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
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سعيد بن المسيب (15 ـ 94 هـ / 636 ـ 712 م) حياته ومساهمته في التدوين التاريخي العربي الاسلامي == Sa`Eed Ibn Al - Musayyib (15 - 94 A.H. / 636 - 712 A. D ) His Life And His Contributions To The Islamic Arabic History Recording

Author name: نازدار عبد الله محمد سعيد المفتي
Supervisor name: عبد الستار حمدون احمد الجبوري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: The heritage, traces and curricula of the earliest Muslim historians have extensively received a considerable attention from researchers whether the ancient or the modern. The present study whose title " Sa'eed Ibn - AL Musayyib (15 - 94 A.H. / 636 - 712 A.D.) : A study of the historical value of his relatings " is considered significant because it constitutes a chain among the series of studies aiming at being acquainted with the influence a of Sa'eed Ibn - al Musayyib as being one of the earliest pioneering scholars who contributed largely to the beginning and development of history for the Arabs and for the Muslims as well. Moreover, he is considered one of the prominent scholars of the Islamic nation at the age of ' at - Tabi'een' since his extensive influence was quite apparent in the scholarly movement and thus inspiring many scholars of his age. He had left an evident trace in the intellectual life of al - Madina - al - Munawwara, and he had the credit of preserving, transforming and stabilizing the Islamic scholarly heritage. Therefore, he was really worthy of having the title " Sayyid at - Tabi'een' which the scholars imparted to him later.The researcher has heavily depended in this study on the analytical critical approach in studying Sa'eed Ibn - ALMusayyib's historical relatings so as to highlight the main points which characterized him distinctively from the other historians whether the contemporaries or those who followed his discipline. The present study is divided into two parts tackling the various relevant aspects of the subject. The first part is devoted to present the career of Sa'eed Ibn - ALMusayyib including his intellect, his birth, his name, his surname, his descent, his tribe, his beginning, and his cultural background in order to know the influence of his bringing up on his study and to know to what extent he was affected by the contemporary disciplines besides being acquainted with his different aspects of knowledge including : the holy Qur'an , the prophetic tradition, the interpretation of dreams, descent and tales concentrating mainly on the different aspects of his personality, which participated in making him trustworthy teller among his contemporaries or sheikhs followers. Consequently, he became one of the earliest pioneers in historical recording in Islam. Moreover, it is important to know his family and his travellings which were to broaden his knowledge besides knowing his attitude concerning the events of his age. It is, also , important to state that he lived for 80 years, most of which he spent in al - Madina al - Munawwara which concurrently witnessed many significant events of which he was aware of their secrets. Further, he had a clear point of view with regard to each event. He was abhorent to the Omayyads, Banu Marwan, and al - Zubayreyyeen. It is important to shed some light on his precedessors sheikhs on whom he depended heavily in his relatings and his students or followers who depended on him besides uncovering the historical value of his relatings as far as content and presentation are concerned. On the other hand, the present study aims at studying the outstanding characteristies or features of his approach particularly when dealing with the pre - Islamic age, al - Rashidi age and the Omayyad age taking into consideration the historical sequence, ascription, quotation from the Holy Qur'an, references or sources of his historical relatings, his approach, documentation of the ancient and the contemporaries of him in order to know the different views raised concerning him as being one of an exceeding grandeur among his contemporaries, up to his death.As for the second part, it is concerned with Sa'eed Ibn - ALMusayyib's relatings that are collected and documented in a large number of references amounting to (43) references in which Ibn Sa'ad mentioned ( 54 ) relating , Ibn Kuthayr (21) , al - Waqidi (18) , al - Bayhaqi (15) aI - Tabari (10) , ath - Thahabi (11), Ibn Abdul - Ber (8) , al - Asbahani (8) , al - Bukhari (6) , aj - Turjani (6) , Ibn Salam (5) , al - Azraki (4) , as - Suyuti (5) , Sunan Abu Da'ud (4) , Ibn - Khayyat (4) , as - Saghani (4) , Ibn Ishaq (4), at - Tabarani (4) , Ibn abu Shayba (3) , Ibn Hisham (3) , Ibn Asaker (3) and al - Oqaili , Ibn Qutayba , al - Maqrizi , al - Arbali, al - Fasawi , (2) for each. On the other hand, the following names had mentioned one relating for each : al - Humayri, az - Zamakhshari , Ibn Habeeb , Ibn al - Atheer , Muhibu - l - deen aI - Tabari , an - Nisa'I , ad - Darmi , al - Ya'qobi , an - Nawawi , Ibn Hijr , as - Sahmi , at - Tarmathi , Ibn Hazim , ad - Dabbagh , and al - Qurtubi , Hence , the number of the relatings is (251) arranged according to the historical age and following the time sequence as follows : (17) relatings concerning the pre - Islamic age , (123) concerning al - Risala age (80) concerning al - Rashidi age and (12) concerning the Omayyed age`.A thorough study of Sa'eed Ibn - ALMusayyib's historical relating reveals that he was careful in selecting the significant events of the Islamic nation. Therefore, his relating regardings the pre - Islamic age were closely connected with the essence of Islami including some important events like : the history of building al - Ka'ba, digging Zamzam well, al - Fudhul alliance, which was attended by the Prophet (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) , the Prophet` s birth and nursing, the inspiration of the Prophet (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) , the beginning of the inspiration , the descending of the first Qura'nic verse, the death of Abu Talib, the delegation of Quraish to an - Nagashi, the number of those who pledged allegiance to the Prophet (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) in al - Radhwan allegiance, the migration of the Muslims to Abyssinia, the ascending of the Prophet (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) , the final important issues in the Meccan period from the life of the Prophet (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) , the migration of the Prophet (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) , to al - Madina al - Munawwara, the prophet's use of the platform, the transformation of Kibla, the Prophet's (Allah's peace and pray be upon him) messages to an - Nagashi, Kisra, Kaisar, the important raids including Badr, Uhud al - Khandaq and the opening of Mecca, besides Hunayn, Tabook, allotting Ali Ibn Abi Talib as Caliph of al - Madina by Prophet Mohammed (Allah's peace and pray be upon him) , the last piligrimage and the death of the Prophet Mohammed (Allah's peace and pray be upon him) in 11th A.H. Sa'eed Ibn - ALMussayid mentioned many things about the age of the Rashid Caliphs, the traditions of the people of al - Madina, the election and the caliphate of Abu Bakr as - Sideek, the wars of ar - redda, invasion of Belad ash - Sham, then Abu Bakr's death. Afterwards , he mentioned the Caliphate of Omar Ibn l - Khattab, and the main achievements, his justice, his use of the Hijri calend ering , the construction of the council ( al divan ) , and then his murdering and death. Further, he mentioned about the Caliphate of Othman Ibn Affan and the revolt of Mohammed Ibn Abu Huthayfa against himnd the coming of the people of the invaded territories to Othman the Caliph and finally his death. He also mentioned about the Calipate of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, his outstanding characteristics, his extensive Knowledge, his marriage from Fatimatu l - Zahra'. On the other hand, he mentioned the killing of Mu'awya Ibnu Abi Sifyan of Hajr and his followers and 'Aisha's blaming of him, the use of ingraved currency (dinar) during abdul Malik's reign, the alligance of Yazeed Ibn Mu'awya and the demolishing of the houses of the wifes of the Prophet Mohammed (Allah's peace and prays be upon him) and including them with the Prophetic mosque. It is worth indicating that in his relatings and presenting of all these important historical events, he had depended on a specific approach which was neutral, i.e. not biased to any of the conflicting parties at his time. In other words, he was not affected at all by the political parties and he presented real and genuine images of the events as he viewed in al - Madina al - Munawwara. It has been obvious from studying and analyzing Sa'eed Ibn - ALMusayyib's relating the clearness of the historical value. It has revealed his great contribution to the beginning and development of history for the Arabs and for the Muslims as well. Therefore, he did deserve to exceed all the prominent scholars of his time in al - Madina al - Monawwara; particularly concerning the noble prophetic sira and history.Finally, the researcher has met some difficulties in collecting the relevant materials to the study. However, these difficulties were real motives to make her work hard and persistently to overcome them and carry on her study hoping that it would be a modest contribution to enrich the modern historical studies.
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بنو الخطاب بن عبد الجبار التدميري ودورهم السياسي والحضاري في مدينة مرسية == Banu Al - Kattab Bin Abdul - Jabbar Al - Tadmiri And Their Political And Culture Role In Murcia City

Author name: عمر رشيد رمو عمر زنكنة
Supervisor name: نهلة شهاب احمد محمد العبادة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: The study of Arabic Islamic history in Andalusia in all its aspects political and cultural is represent the study of Arabic Islamic history considering them all in one piece and in both conditions the researchers attempt to outstand the feature of the Arabic Islamic state there in east or west. Many studies discussed the political and cultural sides in Andalusia's history which has the great effect in exposing and studying many important realities and events which has been lived by this Islamic country, the researchers by their continues and sincere efforts could cover most of the history of that period studying, analyzing and criticizing, while other sides faced little studying. If not saying that it is passive, it need questing and academic study to concentrate on it and outstand its different aspect in a proper scientific way, we could explain the cause of being far from this sides is for the little historical texts about it if we not saying its rarity comparing with the texts related to the historical eons which Andalusia face it in general, this need an extra effort from the researchers to expose these texts and analyzing them to verify the scientific historical research. This reason lead us to choose and study Bano Al - Khatab Bin Abdul Jabbar Al - Tadmery's family. Because it is a subject belong to a whole family among Al - Mulidia's families which could own for itself a place in Andalusia and could affect on the historical and civilized consequence of Mersia's city in a specific way and Andalusia in general. The study discuss the Islamic Mulidia's family which is a family of ( Bano Al - Khatab Bin Abdul Jabbar Al - Tadmery and their political and civilized role in Mersia's city ). Since the entirety of there first grandfather and the founder of the family (Abdul Jabbar) with Talia'a Balag Bin Bashar Al - Q'sheery Andalusia after the rebellion of Morocco's Barber on Omawait caliphate in Damascus. This study aimed to shed light to the member of this family and what they have done in different sides political, militaries, administrative, social and economic, showing their scientific affect on Andalusia in general and Mersia specifically. This study contain three chapters and the conclusion of the summary of research, the first chapter discuss the geography of Tadmer (Mersia), and we clarified the name (Tadmer) and from where this name come from, and when does it named (Mersia) and it also discuss the geographical position to Tadmer (Mersia) and the most important village and castles related to it, then we shows the most important cities in Tadmer (Mersia) and the elements of each city, then we discuss the economic activity for Tadmer (Mersia) in agriculture, industry and commercial sides, then this chapter handle the Arabic Islamic Fateh and we clarified the way of the treaty between the Governor of Tadmer and the leader Abdul Al - Aziz Bin Musa Bin Naseer, and the most important item of this treaty. The chapter present the settlement of the first grandfather to this family (Abdul Jabbar) in Cordoba firstly, then his move to Mersia secondly after the organization of Al - Waly Abba Al - Khatar Alhussam Bin Dherar Al - Kalby. In other side chapter two which named ( Bani Al - Khatab from the age of birth to the fall of Omawait caliphate in Andalusia (1030 - 714A.D./422 - 495A.H). We display the mix marriage in Andalusia which happened between AL - Fateheen's soldiers and natives and the reasons behind this marriages and its results, and we give an examples about this kinds of marriage and the negative and positive effect of these marriages on Andalusia society. then we display the rate of Bany Al - Khatab family and the different stories about this, the chapter also explain the most important elements which helped Bany Al - Khatab to appear on the stage of politic, economic, and scientific life notifying the events which effect on Cordoba. and emigration of the scientist and the commons, then we end the chapter by notifying the men of this family who appear in this period and their scientific sharing and travels with the changes happen on the political stage on Mersia city. Chapter three which named ( Bany Al - Khatab from the castle king's age to there end in Granada kingdom. (1311.D - 711A.H.) which handle a cultural and political role to this family to the age of casts kings and the characteristic and then transferring of Andalusia in general and Mersia specifically to Al - Murabeteen's rule and outstanding the men of Bany Al - Khatab through this period and their scientific contribution and production. Then we discuss Bany Al - Khatab in age of Al - Muahedeen state and the interest of Al - Muahedeen in science and scientists. This period witness clear outstanding to the men of this family in away wider than other last period and their share in the politic life. And we end this chapter with last Bany Al - Khatab's men who appeared in Granada kingdom's period and their scientific trips between Morocco and Andalusia and the most important events happen in his life. This study like any other new study faced some difficulties specially the one which relate to the rarity of some resource and historical references which discuss this family which is not available in our public libraries which lead us to recourse to the private libraries to some specialist professors in Andalusia studies which was the best help in this studies, and other difficulties faced this study the lost of some curriculum to the men of this family and this sometimes lead us to lost the connection in telling conversing in sequence. We may transcribe about the son then we move directly to the grandfather cause we didn’t find historical subject about the father. Also the loss of the date of birth or dead of some members in the family which demand extra efforts to know the years he lives and the event which happened and then trying to make the historical texts closed to each other and comparing it to have correct and comprehend curriculum. We tried to be far away from telling historical events following the analyzing approach for many historical stories approach and discussing them and giving ideas and opinion to reach an obvious studies which has scientific approach.
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الرحلات العلمية من بلاد الشام واليها في العصرين الزنكي والايوبي (521 - 661هـ/1127 - 1262م) == Study Travels From Syria And Into Syria In The Zinki And Ayubid Ages (521 - 661 A.H.) (1127 - 1262 A.D

Author name: منال محمود رشيد احمد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: غانم عبد الله خلف حسن الخطابي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Al Mosul - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Travel for study purposes is one of the features of the Islamic scientific and academic movement, which was an important thing in the continuity of ideological communication among the parts of the Islamic state. It helped scholars to acquire the knowledge other Muslim scholars have such the books that were brought into Syria.The study aims at shedding light on an important period of the history of the region. Syria was subject to the most dangerous challenge represented by the crusaders who posed a threat to the region and the Islamic nation at large. Therefore, it was necessary to face this threat. The role of scholars was evident in this conflict not only Syrian scholars, but also scholars from other places who supported the defenders on the basis of defending faith, religion and land.As far as this period is concerned, researchers and historians consider the Ayubid age as an extension the Zinki age which witnessed the rise of many scholars who contributed to the scientific activity the most important feature of which is the study travel. This explains their patronage by kings, princes, viziers and the public.The study is divided into three chapters. Chapter One is devoted to the definition of religious sciences such as Quranic reading, Quranic explanation, prophetic tradition, jurisprudence and the names of the scholars who left Syria arranged according to the year of death.Chapter Two deals with language sciences such as grammar, poetics, morphology and rhetoric as well as scholars' efforts in their travels, social sciences such as history, historians who traveled from and into Syria and their achievements, and geography and the specialists in this field who traveled from and into Syria.Chapter Three is specified to other sciences such as medicine, pharmacology, theology, philosophy and mathematics
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الحياة الاجتماعية في خراسان من الفتح الاسلامي الى نهاية سنة 656هـ

Author name: صدام جاسم محمد البياتي
Supervisor name: تحسين حميد مجيد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with an important aspect of the Islamic history : the Social Life in Khurasan and the extent it was affected by Islam from (31H.) to (656H.) a period that ended with the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate. The following points are the results concluded by this study : 1. The area of Klaurasan was very imprtant for the Islamic state at that time as stated by some of the Umaid caliphs. 2. Some Arab tribes dwelt in Khurasan and it became their perminet residence. 3. It was very clear that these Arab tribes mixed fully with the original local people of Khurasan. 4. The custooms of the society of khurasan flourished with the advent of Islam. 5. The society of Khurasan consisted of various religions and races working and living pcacefully. 6. It was very clear that the society in Khurasan paid much attention to clothes and types of food.7. The society of Khrasan paid great attention to the Arabic language because it is the langage of Glorious Quran and prayers. So they learnt Arabic quite well, and a lot of prominent religions figures wrote well - known books, and many poets composed great poems that served Islam in the Arabic language.8. The Khurasani people were keen on finding means to enhoy themselves in their spare time and to live in a comfortable way.9. The influence of Islam was very clear in the daily life of the people Khurasan during the period under under study
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علماء المدائن ومروياتهم التاريخية من القرن الاول الهجري حتى سنة 656هـ == Al - Madaa'N Scientists And Their Historical Novels ( From Ist Century Of Hijrah Of 656 H )

Author name: محمد عيان دان
Supervisor name: تحسين حميد مجيد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: My First Knowledge to the novels of Al - madaan Scientists through novels of Abu - Al - Hassan Ali Bin Mohammad who died in (225 H) was depended in his novels by other Old writers in History. Thys , readers May think that there is no novelists for Al - Madaan people except him especially when some Writers in history did not mention his Full name for his fame and they say only Al - Madaany Said or Mentioned or talked in their Writings They Mean Abu Al - Hassan Al - Madaa'ny himself and others.After My Knewledge of the research published by my teacher Dr.Tahseen Hameed Majeed in Diyala Magazine about ( Al - Madaan Scientists ) and it is the 7th part of Diyala Series Scientists. I have a great desirefor Choosing it. After Checkeing and investigating Many references, the researcher found that the Subject is important and , new and Valuable to be studied and to be MA or ph.D project especially there is a previous academic studic , Studied the Scientists of Many lslamic big Cities like Kufa , Basrah , wasit and others , but Al - Madaan City was not included in it.The Scope of the research is limited in the time between the Ist Century (H) fill the decline of Baghdad in 656 (H) where there are some strong believers and supporters and followers who end with Ibn Abi - Al - Hadeed ,The researcher put, away novels of Abu Al - Hassan Al - Madaany because it is too Much and needs Many Studies and thesis.The researcher limited himself with the historical novels and neglected their novel or publishing in Explanation and speech and Fikh and readings just those that have a benefit as a historical Material.Difficulties and Problems that facad Us during the Writing of this research was not in reference , but the difficult Circumstances that our belowed country Passing naw and the destroy , loss , damaging and Stealing Most of the libravies. The necessity of the subject forced the researcher to divide the research into four chapters.The first Chapter is a general study for Al - Madaan , it's name , place , geographic importance , it's growth and expansion especially before Islam and Al - Sasany period , then entering Islam after Al - Radisy a battle and became the first city of Islam before bvilding the Islamic Cities like Al - Kufa and Al - Bassah.At the same Chapter , the researcher studied the constructing of publication their regional belief , national it ies sit's Cultural role and after Islam and the main events that happened in this city in different times and following its Curapting and decline , then losing it's historical importance bill it is Known only as a small city and a placey some strong bel. Everstike salman Al - Farisy , but it had an international fame and a place of Culture and devel opement. Chapter two deals with Biographies for the main and famous figures , their name and family birth and death and the scientific faculty that worked in and the scientific biography , their teachers and students and publishers , and wandering among cities and Islamic countries as part of journeg seeking for science and giving the opinion of others on them to Know the importance of ther novels and it's validity. The Biographies are arranged according to the alphabetical Order not according to the importance and neglected arranging them according to date of death because some of the biographies didn’t have dated of death even if it found they are different in writing it.Chapter three discusses pieces of novels for Al - Madaan Screntists neclecting the declined regional peace that didn’t have historical relationship so this Chapter became more than others and it is not a mistalce but the nature of this chapte , led to be big. The novels are arranged according to its historical date and subject so it began with novels about (Al - Mubtada) and about Creation and stories of prophets and previovs stories, of prophets and previous nations and the prophets biography and Al - Khilafa Al - Rashida , Al - Amawy period and Al - Abasy Period till the declined & Baghdad in Goo (H).The notice on these novels are many and Written in detail about the prophet biography and Al - Khilafa Al - Rashida but it is very few on Al - Amawy and Al - Abasy period.Chapter four is a short one. The researcher Wanted it to be as a conclusion presenting in it the importance of these nouels and the main features , of it and its Validity according to the Scientists & history and supporting this chapter with certain schedules containing the number of the novels for each one of them and the reference that the researcher depended on and its documentation and other things that can be seen by the reader inside these schedules.The researcher depended on a number of reference , according to its information and importance.Finally , the researcher hopes that he would gave the subject its right and presented useful thing and hopes to be accppted and if there is any Mistake is due to the hard circumstances that he tried to pass
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الاثر السياسي والثقافي لقبيلة الاوس في التاريخ العربي حتى نهاية العصر الاموي == Cultural And Political Track For Al - Awass 'S Tribe In Arabic History Until End Al - Aamoy 'S Age

Author name: ربيعة خليفة سالم الاوسي
Supervisor name: عاصم اسماعيل كنعان العباسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Before Islam and after it, One of the Arabic tribes which its have importance prominent ,its name (Al - awase ) ,men of this tribe are participated to construction the Islamic Arab Nation by stoop beside with messenger Mohammed (sala ALLAH alehe wasalm ) since the Islamic invitation starting and they goon on in his age ,he structing hi nation also the ages which its follow this age until the end of Al - Amawaia ‘s nation in 132 E ,so the tribe was one of the fundamental columns that the Islamic Arab Nation was support on it when it began to rising and expansion overall it was assistance element to spreading Islamic religion in the west and east of world by tribe’s present for more men whose fired in the Islamic opening conquests under here sun’s flag ,the tribe was set apart to ratify the political alliances with another tribe to support his political location between other tribes. there are study that the researcher was showed a role of Al - Ansar in general not confidentiality Al - awas. That is what push me to showing this important subject to get rid of the dust and appear the facts specially that is what concern of the culture and political role.The greatest achievements generation which its proved at beginning of invitation was proved by leader’ hand of Al - awas ‘s tribe whose present more to support Islamic invitation thus the moving of prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Yathrib their habitue places radical change in the Islamic Arab History ,the invitation had new bent lightly by good then its appear by quickly spread of new religion and the victory which is proved by prophet Mohammed (salla Allah alehe wassalm ) in the most battles and the group which he lead it and he was asked the tribe’s men and take their suggestions sometime.Addition for their political location that what its come in Quran’s texts which its show their role in Islam victory also the says of our greatest messenger Mohammed (Sala Allah Alehe Wassalm ).This letter is attempt to study one page of Islamic Arabic history pages to it’s tie for this tribe.The study of Al - Awass ‘s role in Islam because this tribe is one of the famous tribes in Yamen then its move to Yathreb to form an fundamental axis for the people of this town which its lead long wars with their cusns Al - Khazrage both of them were rivals together to rein Yathreb orders and as result for that, messenger Mohammed was chosed to has responsibility beside him to expansion Islam and saving the protection and suitable place and time for that. This study was not empty of the difficulties although it was more of references but the operation of employee these references to serve the project was not easy and it was need to gathering and had time not short and effort I can describe it an exception, about that what concern of Al - Amaowya ‘s age all the information about it was rare to cause more difficulty of this research.This letter come in the introduction four sections and its fixed by references and names and English summary. First section have naming of Al - Awass and their origin,lineage ,religion also their days with Al - Khazarge additional the political alliance which its ratify with neighboring in Yathreb before Islam ,arriving to the starting of invitation.The second section it was concern about the fundamental motives to accept Al - Awass the Islamic invitation with signe for their political role in the first and second AL - Aquba , with their reception for the emigrates whose they coming carrying with them the Islam not more. also asked of messenger Mohammed to them and take their suggestions and opinions in the wars which are lead it , and what that com done of Quraan texts in their rights also the says of prophet Mohammed which its said for them.The third section have Al - Khazrage role in Al - Saquifa also in the Islamic sequences ,for example , Al - Yamama battle ,Khazwen sequence ,Egypt’s sequence and island’s sequence and their role in the succession of Ali Bn Abe Taleb (rathe Allah Ana ) with some of the political centers which its gives for some tribe’s men as managing, like manage of some provinces like Al - Maddaan ,and island like Al - Bassra ,then sowing their role in Al - Amoya ‘s age where the Al - Hurra sit and Al - Awass men ‘s role in it , and the targets of this battle in Islamic history.The forth section had cultural role ,its include cultural sides to appear to emphasize poets and readers in the tribe ,also the speakers whose present for us our messenger’s says (Mohammed ) with the writer of biography and history , and I couldn’t find medicines ,chemistry sciences or mathematics inside of this tribe
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الالوية والرايات من صدر الاسلام حتى نهاية الدولة الاموية == Banners And Flags Until The End Of The Umaid State

Author name: حارث جبار عبد
Supervisor name: صبيح نوري خلف الحلفي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The motif behind the phenomenon of banners and flags was to identify a certain case throughout history , and to lead the others to them. Their own symbolism was taken from the characters they held, though they were made of clothing , lines and colors, so they had great significance in human communities, these banners and flags had had their functions, especially the war banners. The banners and flags used by muslims in their fight were of sacredness because of their association with their Islamic dogma, and their inclusion of allah holy speeches. The topic of banners and flags in the Islamic military history is rather ambiguous, since the Islamic historical resources ignored the explanation of these signs, so it is hard to find amongst the modern historians who explored such a topic. As a response, this study has investigated the topic of banners and flags until the end of the Umaid state. The study consists of four chapters subdivided into certain sub - divisions, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter one, entitled the semantic dimension of banners and flags in history, comprises of Three sub - divisions : the first one is to identify the etymology of banners and flags with their vocabulary, the second one deals with the historical roots of these signs, whereas the third one has studied the banners and flags in the glorious Koran and the prophets preaching. Chapter two has tackled the she shapes of the shapes of the banners and flags. It consists of four sub - divisions : the first one deals with colors of the banners and flags, the second one explores the shapes of the signs, the third on deals with the epigrams written in these signs, while the fourth one has shown the names engraved into these banners and flags. Chapter three has spelt out the authorities of these signs with their criteria and their holders. This chapter is divided into three main divisions : the first one has identified the authorities responsible for these signs, while the second one has highlighted the characteristics of the holders, while the third one deals with homing the substitutes for the banner and flag holders. Chapter four has anticipated the influence of these banners and flags so far the muslims battles were concerned. It has been divided into three sub - divisions : the first one has studied the influence of the banners and flags to encourage the muslims to fight, the second has dealt with the influence of the signs on the warriors recruitment, the third one has tackled the spiritual effect of the banners and flags. The study is rounded up with concluding remarks deduced from the course of the study
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الطيرة عند العرب قبل الاسلام وموقف الاسلام منها

Author name: ماهر شنان ناجي المياحي
Supervisor name: مصطفى جواد عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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التسامح في ظل الحكم الفاطمي في مصر 358 - 567هـ/968 - 1171م == Tolerance Under The Fatimid Rule (358 - 568 A.H./969 - 1171 A.D.)

Author name: خمود عبد غركان البهادلي
Supervisor name: توفيق دواي موسى الحجاج
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Fatimid Caliphate aappeared in morocco in (297A.H./909 A.D.) after a long struggle and a highly careful, secretive movement because of the Abbasid Caliphate's stress twoeards Isma'ilism. Abbasid Caliphate used killing and intimidation against their followers or sympathizer. Abu Abdullah al - Shi'i, or Sana'ani according to some sources, started the movement. He succeeded to convince the Kutama tribe of Berbers with his call during Hajj season in Mecca. Afterwards, he established the Fatimid Caliphate in inmorocco which was an Ismaili Shia Islamic caliphate. It lasted a century. They expanded to include Egypt in (358 A.H. /969 A.D.). They built Cairo, their capital, making it a center of peace, stability, and beneficence. The Fatimid Caliphate took these characterized from Isma'ilismand they adopted as their political approach. Without doubt, the Fatimid Caliphate had its negatives, however, they committed to tolerance since the beginning and after establishing their rule. They confirmed their tolerance when Jawhar al - Siqill?, the leader of Al - Mu'izz Al - Fatimid Caliph's army, issued a document of safety to the people of Egypt. The document resembles a human rights declaration which they used till their last days. Fatimid Caliphate strived to enhance the principles of citizenship throughout its institutions. These principles are called nowadays human rights. It turned a blind eye to religious or sectarian belonging. This tolerance in religious and political aspects towards its people distinguished it from former governments. Fatimid Caliphate secured the freedom of mind and religion to its people. My thesis is about tolerance under the Fatimid rule during (358 - 567 A.D./969 - 1171 A.D.).The researcher dealt with an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, and bibliography. The first chapter is about aspects of tolerance in the Fatimid Caliphate which is divided into three sections. Section one gives definitions to the term tolerance linguistically and idiomatically. It also explores tolerance in Quran and Sunnah. Section two is about tolerance with Sunni Islam in religious rights, rituals, and celebrations. Section three is about tolerance with the people of the dhimma (jews and Christians) in their religiousrituals and building churches and monasteries. The second chapter deals with political tolerance. It is divided into three sections : section one is about tolerance inside Egypt, section two is about tolerance outside Egypt, and section three is about giving jobs to non - Ismailis. The third chapter is about social, economic, and scientific tolerance. It is divided into three sections : section one is about tolerance and celebrating national holidays, section two is about economic tolerance in agriculture, industry and trade, and section three is about the scientific side and the contributions of Caliphs and ministers in science and building libraries. At the end, we ask God help and guidance.
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سبي ال البيت عليهم السلام : دراسة تاريخية == Captivating Of Al - Al Bait From Al - Taff To Al - Sham Region 61 A.H. / 680 A.O. A Historical Study

Author name: قسام جاسم قاسم الحسني
Supervisor name: نزار عبد المحسن جعفر الداغر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The unique and pioneer Al - Taff experience has always carried the heat of true essence of jihad throughout history , in every page ,Among its most effective pages Al - taff had illustrated the captivating of Al - Al bait peace be upon them , They were taking prisoners from Al - Taff in Karbala to Al - sham region , where most of them were women and children , The captivating violated all the Muslim principles which the A maven had claimed to have ; as well as every moral principle Arabs had be fore Islam , The ideological jihad which Al - Bait peace be upon them had shown in those exceptional circumstances had shown their highly qualified characters , which had caused a strong shake to the human's conciunce.Their speeches which were described as ideological jihad were also a loud scream against the corrupting that it caused all the fake masks of deciept to fall.Those who were deceived or confused were eventually able to see the truth.All that happened because of what Al - Bait captivated did during the revolution of Imam Hussein peace be upon him.We tried to collect the pieces of evidence and signs of what happened after the battle of Al - Taff to explain the true events unlike what was illustevated by biased and dishone st writers. Our research has five chapters induding introduction ; preface conclusion , few annexes and references.The preface lists in summary the causes of Imam Hussein revolution ; his martyrdom with his family and supporters in Al - Taft battle which led to the captivating of Al - Bait peace be upon them. The first chapter talks about the captivating of Al - Bait peace be uponthem feom Al - Taft to the city of kufa.The chapter has three main sections. The first section talks about the meaning of "captivating".The second section talks about the meaning of "Al - Al Bait " peace be upon them.The third section talks a bout the beginning of captivating and the arrival at Kufa. It also demonstrates the number of captives of the woman in Imam Hussein family.The second chapter talks about the captives of Al - Al bait in Kufa and their effect on Kufa community. This chapter consists of six sections. The first section talks about how the captives were shown in the streets of Kufa. The second section talks about the speech of zaineb Bint Ali peace be upon them. The third section talks about speech of Fatima Bint AlHussein peace be upon them.The fourth section talks about the speech of Um Kalthoom Bint Ali peace be upon them. The fifth section talks about the speech of Imam Ali Bin Al - Hussein (Alsajad) peace be upon them. The sixth section talks about the entry of the captives to the palace.The second chapter ends with the affects of the captivating of Al - Al bait peace be upon them on the people of Kufa.Then the chapter ends with the length of period of time the captives remained in Kufa. The third chapter talks about the captivating of Al - Al bait peace be upon them form Kuta to Al - Sham Region.The chapter has four sections.The first Section talks about the leaders who accompanied the caravan of Al - Al bait peace be upon them , form Kuta to sham.The second section talks about the roods from Kuta to Damascus.The third section talks about the road which Al - Al bait peace be upon them had taken from Kuta to Damascus and the places they had passed by.The fourth section talks about the arrival of Al - Al bait captives to Damascus. The fourth chapter talks about Al - Al bait peace be upon them at the board of Yazeed Bin Muawaya. This chapter is divided into four sections.The first section talks about the first talks of Al - Al bait peace be upom them with Yazeed.The second section talks about the speech of Zainab Bint Ali peace be upon them. The third section talks about the speech of Imam Ali Bin AlHussein peace be upon them. The fourth section talks about the aspects of the captivating of Al - Al bait peace be upon them and its effects on the people of sham and their reaction which included the refusal to the actions of Yazeed Bin Muawaya and the interval of how long the captives of Al - Al bait had remained in sham be fore they left.The fifth chapter talks about the head of Imam Hussein be upon him and its burial and it is divided into two sections. The first section talks about the beheading and its political and social aspect.The second section talks about the burial of the head of Imam Hussein peace be upon him.Finally ; the conclusion includes the most important results which this research has concluded , supported by several maps and diagrams
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بنو قسي ودورهم السياسي والعسكري في الاندلس (94 - 317هـ / 712 - 929م) == Political And Martial Role Of Qassi Family In Andalus (94 - 317 A.H)(712 - 929 A.D)

Author name: نسرين خلف جوي الساعدي
Supervisor name: حسين جبار مجيتل العلياوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Andalusi families had a great role in the Islamic history in Andalus, especially those families which inhabited the upper defile for it is the region to the borders with the Christian kingdoms. All along this defile many events happened that positively and negatively impacted the Islamic state. Therefore, to know these borders we can simply tell the size of the challenges in the region and the role that the families played in stabilizing the region or violating discipline and order there. This is what urged us to choose the Qassi family to be the core of the study. This family hadn’t received historians and researchers' attentions. Thus, we couldn't find any study which shed light on this family. The present study highlighted this family's important political and martial role, for it affected the political arena at that time. It also focused on the social sides which were not free of some political dimensions. These reflected the prevalence of some states in the Andalusi society and the break of some families and fusion of family relations between Muslims and Christians which provoked many inquiries throughout the research like the bias of some families to the Christian kingdoms against Muslims. This applies to this family. Qassy family is one of the half - breed families in Andalus which played a great role in the political and martial events in the period of its prosperity. Many prominent figures appeared in this family like; Mohammed Bin Mousa, Mohammed Bin Lub BinMousa who fought many wars against the Umayyad authority and against some of the Christian kingdoms on the border lines of this family's authority. This study falls into three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by conclusions and appendices. The first chapter deals with the geography of the Andulsian upper defile and areas of Qassy family's authority. It also refers to the conquer of the region and the family's upper grandfather entrance into Islam, as well as the family's first time emergence into the political events arena up to 180 A.H / 796 A.D. We referred to the population structure of the region; we displayed the most important Arab, Barbarian and Half - Breed tribes in the region. Chapter two deals with the Qassy family's political role. Where we referred to the family's relation with the government of Cordoba and the latter's relation with other half - breed families and its impact on the relation the Qassy family. We referred to the widening authority of Mousa Bin Mousa and his political relationship with the Christian kingdoms. In addition, we displayed political reasons behind marriage relationships with these Christian kingdoms. We also mentioned something about the conflict between family members because of areas of authority. Chapter three covers the Qassy family's martial role up to the end of their authority on the upper defile region. We tackled their martial conflict with the Muslims and Christians, and the reasons behind their conversion from being allies to the Navar kingdom to be enemies. We talked also about their role in stopping the Norman attack on Andalus during the reign of the Umayyad Emirate.
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الواد عند العرب قبل الاسلام وموقف الاسلام منه == Infanticide Among Arabs Before Islam And The Position Of Islam Towards It

Author name: وجدان جعفر غالب الموسوي
Supervisor name: مصطفى جواد عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Specialized studies in the social history of Arabs had gained a lot of attention from some researchers in order to stand at the reality of the Arab society, what was prevailing in it. Considering the fact that infanticide was one phenomenon among others that were prevailing in the Arab society, the researcher decided to dig deeper in this topic under the title (Infanticide among Arabs before Islam and the Position of Islam towards it). This research studied this phenomenon among Arabs before Islam and the position of Islam towards it as well as the tribes where infanticide had spread widely. The researcher found out that this phenomenon was limited to some Bedouin Arab tribes like (Rabie'a & Tameem). This phenomenon wasn't confined to the Arabs only, but rather it was found among other nations like (Greek, Romans, and Persians). The reason behind burying males alive could be economic, poverty, or religious, a sacrifice to the gods. However, reasons for burying females alive were numerous like; poverty, fear of the scandal of captivation and physical disability; that's why it was greater among females. It was found that other primitive nations and old religions practiced sacrificing humans to the gods. What spreaded among Arabs like sacrificing sons and burying daughters alive among Arabs shows a tight connection between religion and this phenomenon. Styles of infanticide were not confined to burying alive only; it included throwing from lofty places, drowning and slaughtering which is (the biggest infanticide). Isolation is also considered as a kind of hidden infanticide which is (the smallest infanticide). In addition, spiritual infanticide which the female had experienced is another kind of infanticide. It has been noticed that not all Arabs agreed about infanticide. Within the same tribe there are pros and cons. Other stabilized tribes gave women sublime status like naming her sons after her as in the case of the kings of Hira. Some Arab tribe leaders like (Sa'sa'a bin Najia) fought this phenomenon. He prevented burying many girls alive by sacrificing them for money This phenomenon was fought by Islam after its spread. Islam considered it as an atrocity and urged parents to raise up children especially females whose education is considered a worship that leads to paradise. Islam refuted all reasons that Arabs claimed to bury their daughters alive. It assured them the availability of their and their children's daily bread. Islam also warned parents that killing their children is a great sin and a crime. The study fall into three chapters, the first of which tackled the (Concept and origin of Infanticide), it consists of three sections, section one deals with the concept of infanticide both linguistically and idiomatically, section two deals with beginning of infanticide.(infanticide in old nations and civilizations,and the infanticide in Arab nation before Islam) , section three deals with the styles of infanticide.( big infanticide ,small infanticide,and infanticide on the moral level). Chapter two deals with the reasons behind infanticide.Both recomend the presence of girls who are mostly exchand with camels). Insteade of girls and the second one : the real sacrification of those girls who are exchanged with camels and its relationship with gambling. Chapter three focuses on the Chapontains (the position of holly Quran ,Sunnah and Ahlualbait from infanticideter three focuses on the social impacts offirst section the social impacts of infanticide and the position of Islamtwards it.and it consisits of two sections : the (the position of mother ftom infanticide and the social position (the revive of infanticide).the second section ( the position of Quran and contains (The position of holly Quran ,Sunnah ,and Ahlualbait from infanticide
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تصدي ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) للتحديات التي واجهت الدولة الاسلامية == Ahl - Albeit'Sthwarting For The Challenges Facing The Islamic State

Author name: محمد حنش راهي
Supervisor name: سليمة كاظم حسين
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Studying Ahl - Albeit's history (peace be upon them) is considered as one of the important topics in the Islamic history. Itdoes not mean investigating their life background, but also their considerable role they played at the level of politics, culture, economics and sociology, besides showing the scopes and attempts of these roles to protect the Islamic state from the surround danger. Thus, this is the domain and frame of the current work. It sheds light on Ahl - Albeit's roles in keeping the Islamic and celestial message and maintaining its principles and values after Prophet Mohammad's death (peace be upon him). They are regarded as the second pillar in the Islamic state. The basic aim of this work is to set things right concerning the mistaken belief that Ahl - Albeit's role was passive since they did not rule or having ascending the throne. This work shows their active participation in protecting and maintaining the Islamic beliefs and doctrines as well as saving the Islamic message from deviation. They were ready to stand against those who tried to put Islamic values and principles into jeopardy. They find solutions and take considerable decisions to put the Islamic doctrine in the safe side, whereas, other Islamic scientists face difficulties in solving these dilemmas. Accordingly, these facts embody the significance of this study. This importance ensues difficulties the researcher faces since there are two responsibilities : the first one is about historical and scientific responsibility and the second one is religious and faithful. Thus, the researcher should be objective in presenting and discussing this matter. This rises a difficulty especially for a researcher in Islamic historical matters. There is another problem in this study which is that this work has not been discussed in its particulars as an academic field of inquiry, though some aspects of the topic was discussed but from a different perspective. This study with the title 'Ahl - Albeit's Thwarting For the Challenges Facing The Islamic State' includes the period extends the prophet's death in 11 H.D. /632 A.D. , up to 260 A.H. /874 A.D which is the period of Imam Al - Askary's death (peace be upon them all). The nature of study, with its diverse pieces of information, is divided into three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter is entitled "Thwarting The Political Deviation". It is divided into three sections. The first section is devoted to explaining the ways of maintaining the ruling line (the ruler)such as giving advice, also this section includes a discussion about an example taken from Imam Hussein's Revolution as a successful attempt to set religious things right especially the guidance in Islam. It also explicates Ahl - Albeit's role in supporting the protesting revolutions. Finally, this section closes with mentioning their attempts in making all people participate in the reformation of Islamic leadership via emphasizing the matter of enjoining kindness and forbidding iniquity inside the society. Section two is entirely concerned with Ahl - Albeit's thwarting for the challenges that the military and administrative institutionssuffered from and these having a direct relation with the Islamic government and the ruler himself. The third section of chapter one deals with their thwarting against temptations through a lot of techniques. Chapter two focuses on their roles to stand against the intellectual challenges. It includes two sections, one of them is concerned with their role in thwarting for the politics of not writing the prophet's sayings and how they contributed to keep these pious speeches and quotes and as a result, they become the source for the Moslems indispensible for organizing their ways of life. Section two is primarily built upon their contribution to a lot of intellectual trends which are aberrant attempting to distort the Islamic doctrine. Chapter three is entitled 'Thwarting the economic and social challenges', and falls into two sections. The first one is concerned with Ahl - Albeit's successful attempts to thwart the economic challenges facing the Islamic state when the government were unable to find solution for such challenges. Section twois about the social challenges especially when they stand against the racial discrimination practiced by some authorities and governments in their treatments. Also they rejected and thwarted the behavioral and moral deviations that are against the principles of the Islamic state. Finally, conclusion shows the main results of this and how the aim is attained throughout the discussion of various thwarts
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الامام علي بن موسى الرضا (عليه السلام) (148 هـ - 203 هـ / 765 - 818 م) : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Imam Ali Bin Musa Al - Ridha ( Peace Upon Him 148 - 203 A.H / 765 - 818 A.D) : A Historical Study

Author name: اياد صالح عاصي التميمي
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم منشد النصر الله
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study attempts to shed light on the Character of Ali Bin Musaa Al - Ridha. He is considered to be the 8 th Imam of Ehl al - Bayt. Most of the the scholars agree upon the high and Valuable Status of Imam Ali Bin Musaa AL - Ridh. ( peace upon him).The Present study is divided into an introduction , four chapters , and conclusion. The first Chapter tackles Imam`s Life and his biography. It contains three sections. Section one deals with his birth , kinship , generation , surname , honorific titles , and his ring engraved. The second section devotes to the psychological dimensions of Imam`s in Character. While section three present Imam`s personal The second Chapter of this study show the intellectual role of Imam Ali Bin Musaa Al - Ridha. This Chapter has five sections. section one deals with Imam`s scientific statue that presents his teachers and students and the scientist's opinion towed Imam. The second section give the Imam`s mental debates. the third section states the Imam`s role in theology. the fourth section explores the Imam`s narrations concerning altars alhadith , and fiqh. the last section of this Chapter attempts to reveal the Imam`s role in defending the true Islam. The Third Chapter discusses the Imam`s political role. This Chapter has three sections. The first section explains the Imam`s political era and relationship with many of Caliphates in that era. The second section deals with the Imam`s attitude towaed armed movements. The third section explains the sort of relation between Imam Ali Bin Musaa Al - Ridha and mandate of the covenant ( Wilayat aleahd ).Finally , Chapter four reviews the political developments in Abbasi Stat after the period of wilayat aleahd. It contains three section. Section one discusses the Imam`s echo in the provinces of Abbasi state. the second section focuses the attention upon Mamon`s change of his public policy. the third section explains the martyrdom of Imam Ali Bin Musaa Al - Ridha ( Peace upon him ).
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كعب الاحبار (550م - 654م/70ق.هـ - 34هـ) : دراسة تاريخية == Ka’B El - Ahbar (550A.D - 654 A.D / 70 B.H - 34 A.H) Historical Study

Author name: عقيل يوسف سعود السلطان
Supervisor name: عادل هاشم علي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study investigates the figure of Ka'b El - Ahbar who is a jewish cleric from Humair Yemeni tribe. He converted into Islam during Omar ibn Al - Khattab. He managed to be one of those near to Omar and Othman ibn Effan due to his knowledge in Torah.which was inspired by God to Moses. Authorities consulted him as an alternative to fill the ideological gap out of the prevention of spreading the prophet's Hadith. So he was a filler for that gap. He was narrating the jewish morals and stories of Torah. Omar and Othman considered him as their political and financial advisor. When people began to revolt against Othman, Ka'b decided to to move to Al Sham ruled by Mu'awiyya bin Abi Sufyan who was its governor. Because Al Sham was regarded as an ideological and religious heritage for jews, Mu'awiyya and Ka'b had the same objective to insert and tell alot of narrations glorifying Al Sham.This study consisted of an introduction, preliminaries, three chapters and conclusions.In the preliminaries, there was a historical approach to the jewish existence in the most important places in Al Jazeerah Al Arabiyyah such as Hijaz and Yemen. Furthermore , it deals with the basic opinions of this existence and the titles of the jews during their history. The Torah was also explained because it was the major reference of Ka'b and a short explanation of the important jewish sects.The first chapter deals with the life of Ka'b : the personal, his islam, his scientific position. It consisted of three sections. The first section deals with his name, surname, nickname, his birth, death and his burial place. It also talks about his family, relatives, tutors and his pupils. The second one contains the narrations given by Ka'b and his rationale of being Muslim. The third section shows his scientific position in the jewish and Islamic religions and the formal and informal attitudes of Ka'b by the followers and the opinions of the recent researchers.The second chapter explains Ka'b's relations with the authority. It consisted of three sections. The first section deals with the relation of the prophet Mohammed (peace upon him) with the Christians and the jews and his attiude from their knowledge. It also shows the position of the prophet and the Caliphs and Sultans after him. The second section deals with Ka'b ' relation with the Caliph Omar and its basic features : his political consultation, his narrating of stories and Fatwas. It also deals with Omar's position from Ka'b 's perspective and Ka'b relation with Omar's murder. The second one shows Ka'b relation with Othman and the consultations with him in the financial matters and alms giving distributions. In addition, it touches upon the oppositions towards these interferences. The third section deals with Ka'bs's relation with Mu'awiyyah and his departure to Al Sham with the reasons of Ka'b's going to Mu'awiyyah and the feaures of that relation with its effects on the narrations of Ka'b in Al Sham.The third chapter deals with Ka'b's narrations and its effects on Islam. It is divided into three sections. The first section deals with the historic narration in Ka'b such as the beginning of creation, prophets ' history and past nations. The second one shows the dogma narration according to Ka'b. It has three parts : the first one deals with monotheism in Ka'b's narrations which were characterized with anthropomorphism. The second part includes the prophets' impeccability in Ka'b's narrations and sins committed by prophets.This is close to what jews said in Torah. In addition, this section deals with doomsday in Ka'b's narration. The third section studies the forthcoming narration in Ka'b at the end of the world in Al Mahdi, the Christ and the quack. This section sheds light on the salvation case or the universal savior in the jewish and Islamic ideology and the narrations of Ka'b as a jew in this regard after his conversion into Islam.The conclusion contains the most important results arrived at in this study.
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الامام الحسين بن علي (عليه السلام) : دراسة تاريخية تحليلية في جوانب من سيرته == Imam Hussian : Analytical And Historical Study In His Biography

Author name: حسين نعمة ابراهيم البوهلاله
Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current work aims showing and tracing Imam Hussein's lifetime since he is considered as the most pious and sacred figure on earth second in rank to his grandfather, Prophet Mohammad, and his parents, (peace be upon them). When I started writing about him, I gathered ten chapters about the details of his life, but finally, I settled on only two chapters to be included in this dissertation. I reviewed more than 750 sources, but these do not cover all the details of incidents in his life. Thus, I started writing about the ceremony of his birth and aspects of his personal moments as well as the moments he spent with his grandfather. The dissertation ends with the story of his assault. It also includes details about his wife and sons besides his role with his father and his brother as well as against Muawiya and Yeizeed. This also comprises something about his intellectual, social and moral aspects from his life. The present work consists of five chapters. Every chapter has a number of sections concerned with analytical and historical matters in his life. 1. Imam Hussein is the guardian and trustee as well as the supposed Caliph and Imam on earth and all others should obey and follow his orders, and also they must love him and being loyal to him. He is also mentioned in a number of verses in Quran. 2. The prophet said on behalf of Imam Hussein that " Allah loves Imam Hussein more than I do". The prophet also added a lot of sayings concerning Imam Hussein and Imam Hassan (peace be upon them) such as "Allah ordered me to love them and love those who love them", besides other sacred sayings showing his position and value in the prophet's life and Islam in general. 3. There are a number of sayings rendered by Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him and his offspring) concerning Imam Hussein's great position and importance such as " Hussein is from me and I am from him". Chapter two is mainly devoted to the moments of his birth when his grandfather was present during his birth - giving. The prophet had done the requirements of birth ceremonies such as calling prayers in his ears in the first day then he named him " Hussein" and no one else had ever the same name, and this was an order from Allah to be called with this. Also, The prophet had done the ceremonies in the seventh day of after his birth such as shaving and doling with his cut hair with equal weight of silver, then he had done the circumcision for him, after that, he sacrificed for him one lamb nicknaming him after that with "Abi Abdullah". He was being suckled by his mother only, and sometimes sucking his grandfather's thump and tongue as part of blessing. Chapter three is totally devoted to his personal information such as his pedigree who are so pure in that they had worshipped Allah only following the prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him" and their mother offspring were totally immaculate and devout. He comes from a devout mother nicknamed with a lot of good references. He is also referred to with a lot of nicknames. In addition, this chapter explains a lot about his clothes and blessed rings with inscriptions. Chapter four illustrates Imam Hussein's life time during the presence of His grandfather, Prophet Mohammad. It discussed five points : 1. Imam Hussein's flesh, blood and bones belong to Prophet Mohammad's, thus, he is similar to him in all things such as at the level of thinking and morals. Accordingly, when he came in front of his enemies in the tenth day of Ashur, he wore his grandfather's turban and armor as well as riding his horse carrying the sword of Thu - Alfiqar. He told them that they would be fighting the prophet if they fight him now. 2. This chapter also mentions and shows seven suspicions made by Ahl - Beit's enemies concerning the prophet's close relationship with Imam Hussein. These suspicions were answered with reason and analytical responses providing instances showing how the prophet was dealing with Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them). Some of these suspicions were about carrying them to praying in Fridays and how they were playing upon his back, or the prophet was kissing Husseins's penis, beides other types of behaviors. Chapter five is written to conclude the whole work starting with his birth and ending with his assault. It also mentions his wives and sons in terse. According to the historical context, the following points are about the lifetime of Imam Hussein's (Peace be upon him) : 1. He was martyred in the tenth day in Ashur in Karbala in 61 A. H. after the midday praying in Friday with the age of 56. 2. The names of his wives and sons : a. Layla gave birth to Ali Al Akbar.b. Shah Zanan gave birth to Ali Alsajad.c. Al Rabab gave birth to Abdullah, the infant. d. Salama Al Qathiya gave birth to Jaafar and died while Imam Hussein was still alive. e. Um Isaac gave birth to Fatima. He has no sixth wife as others claimed. The sources mentioned that he has three daughters : Fatima, Sukeina and Zainab
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كتاب المـــواعـــظ والاعتبار في ذكر الخطط والاثار لتقي الدين احمد بن علي بن عبد القادر المقريزي (845هـ - 1442م) مصدرا لدراسة الاحوال الدينية والاجتماعية في الدولة الفاطمية (358هـ - 567هـ / 968م - 1171م) == Sermons Book In Mentioning Plans And Relics Of Ahmed Bin Ali Maqrizi (845AH - 1442AH) As A Source For The Study Of Religious And Social Conditions In The Fatimid State

Author name: عمار عبد الامير محمد السلامي
Supervisor name: علاء كامل صالح العيساوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The book of sermons and mind to mention the effects of the plans written by Taqi Al - Din Ahmad ibn Ali Maqrizi important sources it represents an advanced stage in the writing of history in a manner plans, it has made maqrizi a great effort provided him with all his energies, and hired him to various sources, until it became an important point of reference for those who wanted to research and authorship on Egypt at various times, and in all aspects of political, economic, physical and social life and religious. The Egyptian community in the era of multi - religions and doctrines of the Fatimid state, since muslims are the majority, and they belong to the various Shiite and sunni muslim sects.Noon shiism in Egypt by the sunni sects, as the Egyptians were loyal to the front of Ali bin Abi Tabli ((Peace be upon them)), and they were many, love and loyalty to the Ahl Al - bayt ((Peace be upon them)), and sectarian Shiite bases are Ismailia, is the view of the Fatimid rulers of Egypt, and Twelver.The Sunni sects in Egypt they tap shafi’I, maliki, and Hmpelah, and the sunnis are free sectarianism in the Fatimid era, it emerged as the senior scholars, in addition to assuming important positions in the state.In addition to the muslims were Christians and jews, as it was christain religion that has spread in Egypt since the first century AD followed by the egyptains, and the jews was the beginning of their presence since the era of prophet Yusuf ((Pease be upon him)), and it was Christians and jews enjoy religious freedom, they have occupied important positions in the country.The followers of religions in Egypt, places of worship, as it was in Egypt, a large number of mosques, the most important mosque, the old, Ibn Tolon mosque, the mosque of the military, and in the era of the fatimeds was built a number of mosques, the most important of Al - Azhar mosque, an Al - Hakm mosque, in addition to the holy shrines and the most important place of the head of Imam Hussein ((Peace be upon him)), the shrine of sayeda Nafisa ((Peace be upon her)), the shrine of zaid shahid ((Peace be upon him)), and the shrine of sayeda Kulthum ((Peace be upon her)), and it was for christians monasteries and churches scattered in Egypt, and Jews had their churches.The Demographics of Egypts consists of copts, Arabs, Berbers, Sudan, Turk, Daylam, and the Interview.Both faiths had their festivals that celebrate it, was of the most important muslim holiday Eid al - fitr, Eid al - Adha, Eid al - Ghadeer, and suitable day of Ashura, and it was the most important festivals of Christian holiday Christmas, holiday of Passover, Fest of the Annvnciation, the feast palm Sunday, and it was the most important jewish festivals of the top holiday month, the feast of unleavened bread, and the festival umbrealla.
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المراسيم الدينية للدولة الفاطمية في مصر (358 - 567هـ/968 - 1171م) == Religious Edicts Of The Fatimid State In Egypt )8 : 3 - : ;5H/8;3 - 1151M)

Author name: مها عبد الله نجم الشرقي
Supervisor name: سليمة كاظم حسين
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Independent political entities sprung from Abbassidian succession in Morocco and Egypt as Aghaliba state in Kairouan, Adarrissa in Fas, Omayyads in Andalusia and Akhishidia and Tolonia in Egypt, besides others such as those which are originated in the East (Al - Tahiryia and Al - Safaryia states) which exploited the fragility of Abbassidian state and their remoteness from this state. As a result, Fatimidian entity appeared and they rules under the doctrine of being descended from Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him and his offspring). Their state lasted approximately two centuries spreading their influence towards east and west. It had its own features and culture contesting Abbassidian state in the Islamic world.There is no doubt that the Fatimids had reached their supreme power and glory when they moved to Egypt. They initiated special liturgies and religious services representing an important aspect of their civilization for their state and policy. One of these services is the religious one. These services are practices concerning religious traditions that had spread throughout Egypt during their ruling period. They had their own ways of celebration which included the whole classes of people at that time since these religious practices were considered as an important historical prospect and reflecting the cultural aspect of their lives and behaviors. This activity acquired an essential level of importance in comparison with the long ruling period. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to this state and its religious routine and how it originated great cultural traces. Through these religious services, one can look forward for the nature of their social life.The current work comprises an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion. The introduction is concerned with the defining the subject of investigation and mentioning the basic sources used in the thesis.Chapter one is devoted to present and explain the general religious services. Chapter two is mainly concerned with illustrating the Fatimids' emphasis on the idea of being followers to Ahl - Albeit (peace be upon them) via focusing on holding celebrations that indicate their alliance to them especially those that are continuously being held during Moharram and those that rejoice different occasions such as Eid al - Ghadeer and the declaration for Ali's alliance since this prospect is considered as the catalyst for their legislation in Succession, besides other religious festivals such as the birth of Prophet Mohammad and his daughter Fatima (peace be upon them) as well as the Imam Ali and his two sons (peace be upon them).Chapter three is mainly attributed to mention the national Egyptian festivals previous to the arrival of Fatimids to Egypt such as celebrating the Nile alliance and the gulf breaking. This chapter also explains the celebrations held by ahl - Althoma in that the Fatimidian era is seen as the golden age for them. Chapter four is a presentation of the influence of those festivals upon the Egyptian society socially, economically and culturally when poetry and prose flourished at that time.Finally, the conclusion explains the results and facts from the cultural level left after the deterioration of the fatimidian state and the emergence of Aiubians who tried hard to destroy that culture.
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العفاف والحجاب في الديانات السماوية الثلاث والمصادر العربية (حتى نهاية الدولة الاموية 132هـ / 749م) == The Chastity And The Veil In The Three Monotheistic Religions And Arab Sources To The And Of The Umayyad Dynasty 132AH/749BC

Author name: سبا علي عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: كفاية طارش العلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: A study of chastity and the veil , and includes the functions of the important things that would on phenomena of pornography and the spread of immorality and faithful whereas the matter of chastity and modesty and commitment. The veil of things confirmed by the General heavenly islamic religions in particular have a ceremony of our history and record a variety of situations that are related to this topic. The importance of this study lies in - limits again to the theme of the nature of the relationship between the veil religion and history because of its important role in clarifying many of situations , whether related to religious matters. To keep the society from spivitual decline for women , we must study the chastity and conformity to accepted rules of conduct between people. All the religions as the Islam religion coneerned with.
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الامام علي في تفسير القرطبي : دراسة تاريخية == Imam Ali In The Qurtobi Interpretation

Author name: سارة احمد عبد الرزاق السنافي
Supervisor name: انسام غضبان عبود الباهلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The researchers have never been oblivious to the character of the commander of the faithful, Hazrat Imam Ali (AS). Plethora of studies and research have tackled many traits and aspects of his personal and pan - Islamic virtues. For the significance of Hazrat Imam Ali's (AS) character, many false and irresponsible (weak) Islamic narrations were interpolated in the Islamic heritage concerning his life, reputation and sayings. Let alone the Sultan's Preachers who used to tell others false information so as to show that the Sultan or the king was doing irrational behaviors arbitrarily, As Ibn Khaldon (A Muslim Sociologist) has put an emphasis on the importance of substantiating the narration with true evidence.The Qurtubi exegesis, which is an encyclopedia of the Holy Quran, is rich with Islamic information with quantity and good manner. It behooves the researcher to go deeper into the Qurtubi exegesis because it contains many topics that require a critical study, let alone the importance of its Jurisprudence, linguistic science, critical readings, false Israeli narrations and last the Qurtubi's attitude about everything. There is no precise study in the literature that has tackled this issue, namely the false Israeli narrations thatcontain unreasonable and contradictory information about Hazrat Imam Ali (AS).The life, reputation and sayings of Hazrat Imam Ali (AS) have not been studied critically in the Qurtubi exegesis. Rather, only linguistic, studies, the opposition to some readings, the likelihood of Islamic rules, observing the alienated information, criticism of the methodology, and even the studies that have only dealt with cursory exegesis of texts per se that did not present a real historical analysis.It seems to be obvious that the current study sheds light upon references, historical resources, journals, periodicals, theses, and dissertations that contribute to the scientific rigor of the current study with accurate and meticulous information. The current study is based upon intellectual opinions, reasonable thoughts in accordance with the methodology of assessing the historical events, their analyses, and discussion of opinions.
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الامام محمد بن علي الجواد 195 هـ 220 هـ / 810 م 835 م : دراسة تاريخية == In The Name Of Allah The Most Merciful The Imam Muhammad Bin Ali Al - Jawad ( Peace Be Upon Them ) The Im War Of Ahl Al - Bayt

Author name: نداء خضير جبر التويوي
Supervisor name: زاجية عبد الرزاق حسن الابراهيم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: It is no secret to anyone that the study of the lives of the Imams of Ahl Al - Bayt (peace be upon them) and their impact on the Islamic community which is one of the task studies in the history, because they contributed actively in movement of the events in that time they lived.The Imam Muhammad bin Ali Al - Jawad (peace be upon him) was one of the Imams of Ahl al - Bayt who had the significant impact in the Islamic history, so this study came to highlight on his rich and informative life with science , asceticism and piety.Al - Imam Al - Jawad (peace be upon him) the inheritor of Al - Mustafa (Prays and blessing of Allah be upon him and his family) the master of all the creators of Allah and the final prophet senders and descendant of the pure Imams (peace be upon them all). Al - Imam Al - Jawad He was the son of Imam Al - Reza's (peace be upon him) and the grandson of the good slave of the rage control Al - Imam Musa Bin Ja'far (peace be upon him). His Imamate was brought from a commandment from his guardian and revered predecessors, despite of his young age and his contemporary of the difficult events and the many skeptics of his Imamate whom they did not understand that his early Imamate fall within the divine miracles ofAllah which exceed their countings ability and their non - Muslim divination, The signs of his Imamate was the challenge to the royal inherit which recognized Al - Abbasid rule and before them Al - Umawy rule because his Imamate was of Allah to him that came with written text and probate, opposite to what was opposed by Al - Umawyeen and Al - Abbasyeen rule, who was taking the shape Al - Kosrowia features of obedience and the Caesarean feature of delivery. Kosrah inherite Kosrahs and Caesar replaced Caesar and all of them overlooked the validity of the testator and the eligibility of the heirs. Thus, the Imamate of Ahl Al - Bate are to them the challenge to their authority and to what they tried to focus on the thought of the Islamic. It was the traditional of ownership and the authority customs in those Czars and Al - Kaysar and in those of Al - Umowyeen and Al - Abasyeen , all of them were gathered for the earthly inheritance which is not the divine inheritance as they claim. Therefore, Imamate Muhammad Al - Jawaad (peace be upon him) was representing the challenging for Beni Al - Abbas, and invalidate their lie to inherit Allah's Messenger the Prophet (Prays and blessing of Allah be upon him and his family).We have tried in this study to examine the life of Al - Imam Al - Jawad (Pease be upon him) thoroughly , historically study without leaving any details of information that are supported to us by historical sources. We divided the study into an introduction and four chapters and appendies. The first chapter undertake the life of Al - Imame Al - Jawad (peace be upon him) consist of six researches that highlighted his honorable name , his blessing date of birth, his titles , his surnames, his family, his wives , children , his personal characters , his ring patterns , his conclusion and its virtues … etc.The second chapter demonstrated his Imamate and come in five researchers. We studied in them the concept of the Imamate in language, terminology , concept in the Qur'an Al - Karim , Al - Sunnah of the prophet , Al - Ahadith of Ahlall Al - Bayt (Peace upon them) that recognize their Imamates. Also , discussed his delivery of his Imamate in young age and the texts that demonstrated his Imamate that came of the Honorable House of Messenger ((Prays and blessing of Allah be upon him and his family). We discussed Al - Jawad Imamate impact of the preliminary of Al - Imam Al - Mahdi (Allah shall hurry up his honorable appearance) , And how he tell people about him. The third chapter we touched the intellectual and scientific role played by Al - Imam Al - Jawad (peace upon him) and discussed in his five researches of his position of the teams present at his time , conveys his companions and narrated by his speeches and their impact on the scientific heritage. conservation as we talked about his role in the interpretation of the Koran and his recounted on his father’s (peace be upon them)ended the chaprev talking about the efforts of forward medical and treatment of patients.Chapter four was specialized for the Political impact of Al - Imam Mohammed Bin Ali ( peace be upon him) which came in five investigations discussed the life of Al - Imam (peace be upon him) under the shadow of his father and how he ease his situations and cradle things to lead the nation after him. Also , his relationship with Al - Maamoun Al - Abassy and the contemporary of the events. And turn onto some political events, and position of Al - Alaween rebellions and the safe policy of Al - Mamoun towards them.And ended the chapter talking about the efforts of forward with the political impact of Imam Moammed bin Ali (peace be upon him) in the relation with Al - Mutasim Al - Abassy and conditions and situations he lived with during the role in the reign of the Al - Madenah and his came to Baghdad. Then we ended the chapter with the martyrdom of Al - Imam Mohammed Bin Ali Al - Jawad peace be upon him). Then we take the talke about his killing , and about his honored grave site (peace be upon him).
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الامام جعفر الصادق (عليه السلام) واثره السياسي == Al - Imam Ja'Afar Al - Sadiq And His Political Efect

Author name: حيدر محسن بندر العبودي
Supervisor name: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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اثر العوامل الجغرافية في الفتوحات الاسلامية لبلاد المغرب والاندلس (21هـ ـ 123هـ / 641م ـ 740م) == The Impact Of Geographical Factors In The Islamic Conquests Of The Maghreb And Al - Andalus (21 A.H - 123 A.H/ 641 A.D - 740 A.D)

Author name: زينب حمزة عباس المالكي
Supervisor name: جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The fighting in the way of Allah Almighty of important topics that deserve study, legitimized by God Almighty after the migration of the Holy Prophet peace be upon him and his family to the city of Medina, was one of the priorities of this legislation is self - defense. After that this legislation shifted to other stages, fit with what achieves the goals of the Islamic nation, and to uphold the right word. There is no doubt that the Islamic conquests waged by Muslims all over the world, carries with it a lot of lessons, lessons, that line had Muslim leaders, in order to uphold the word of truth, and the spread of Islam.It is worth mentioning that the previous studies and researches, competent on militant Islam, starting with the life of the Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, and until the end of the Abbasid state at the hands of the Mongols in 656 AH / 1258 AD, are studies worth the owners respect and appreciation for their tireless efforts in this topic. However, these studies focused on the leaders of the Conquest, said their heroism and their conquests, without reference to geographical factors, which had a key role in these victories, one of the incentives that led us to study the subject, no one can deny the impact of these factors in the battles of war, may interfere with the terrain, the change Mejrayat battles, it is known that the land battles require, for example, the development of military plans to attack, and the selection of appropriate places for stationed, dig trenches to repel the attacks, these demands for Ataathakq, unless it has military commander, fully aware of the comprehensive, knowledge of terrain battlefield. The climate in the second division after the terrain, in terms of size and strength of its impact on military operations, both of them, and the weather prevailing while doing 0 to military operations may affect the movement of the soldiers, and the weapons and equipment, so commanders calculated account the climatic conditions expected. As for water, they are military significance paramount, the country was considered marine or island safe from invasion, also it adds seas for countries in the additional power through the ability to move and move and provide additional ways to provide logistics, and through seas may armies access to remote locations its territory, as well as the rivers, wells, springs and other water sources, to the indispensable because they are the backbone of life, and can not walk without the armies of the availability of water for Soldiers and their horses, which is given by commanders when in account the movements. Hence the choice of subject was entitled (the impact of geographical factors in the Islamic conquests in Morocco and Al - Andalus), and the focus was on the Maghreb and al - Andalus, because of her great variation in geography for both the region environment, obviously, and its impact on the conduct of military operations there is. Notably, we have tried to write a research, keep track of the analytical method, which is not limited to historical facts and events listed, but standing on the reasons and causes of these events, analyze, and draw its results, and its impact, according to what suits title search.Article Search divided into four chapters have been required, the first chapter : it was entitled (historical geography of the Maghreb and Al - Andalus), and a section of this chapter into two sections : Section I (historical geography of the country of Morocco), and the second section (the historical geography of Andalusia), where ensure Alambgesan, label, and the location and boundaries, terrain, rivers, climate, and elements of the population, for both countries. The second chapter, and it was entitled (the impact of the terrain in the open country of Morocco and Al - Andalus), which included the extent of the impact of the shapes terrain in the opening battles, and consisted of this chapter seven sections are (mountains, plains, valleys, and deserts, and plateaus, rocks, vegetation).The third chapter, titled (the impact of climate in the open country of Morocco and Al - Andalus), which included the extent of the impact of climatic elements in the conquest battles, and contains five sections are (temperatures, rain, wind, and time, and drought) Finally, the fourth chapter, entitled (the impact of water in the open country of Morocco and Al - Andalus), which includes a statement of the impact of water types in the opening battles, and contained this chapter on the three sections are (seas, and springs and wells, rivers).Add to that the special maps supplements, which describes the progress of the Islamic armies in the conquest operations.
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التجليات الفكرية لمبادئ نهج البلاغة في ثورة الامام الحسين (عليه السلام)

Author name: مسلم زغير كريم
Supervisor name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study entitled "The Ideational Distinctness of Nehj al balagha Principles in Imam Hussein's Revolution" since these principles reflect a concrete and abstract sharing interest implying a forming and establishing aim behind those ideas and beliefs put forward by Imam Ali (peace be upon him).Those ideologies embody a reflection of ideas and behaviors in Nehj al Balagha from one hand and how they are incarnated in Imam Hussein's revolution (peace be upon him). These beliefs were put into concrete realizations especially when Imam Ali (peace be upon him) applied and followed them, and then, how Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) also followed and applied them.The investigation of every belief and doctrine of Ahl al Bait (peace be upon them) has its reasonable justifications with the goal of attaining developmental notions. These notions acquire meaningful traits since they build concrete frames, Thus, exploring these frames and concepts is helpful and necessary in understand the theoretical and practical sides, that is, to understand their thinking and believability. Accordingly, the main purpose in a historical research is what is concerned with what Ahl al Bait (peace beupon them) tried to explain and communicate regardless the religious aspect of their life. The investigation should also be concerned with what they represent at the level of values and ideas that develop and reform the human society.On this basis, the similar belief rendered by Ahl al Bait (peace be upon them), according to this idea, is something taken for granted because of unity of belief and goal though, through the passage of time, some environmental and temporal changes occur, their goals remained the same.
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خطط سمرقند في العصر العباسي حتى اواخر القرن السادس الهجري == Samarkand'S Plans In The Abbasid Age Till The Last Of Sixth Hijree Century

Author name: مروة ياسر صيوان
Supervisor name: توفيق دواي موسى الحجاج
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Fattouh Samarkand city of dangerous tasks that Arab Muslims were able to achieve in succession Walid bin Abdul Malik bin Marwan, so when he took over the leadership of Koutaiba ibn Muslim and management of Khorasan region, commanded the Emir of Iraq and Mashreq Al Hajjaj bin Yusuf year 86 AH / 705 AD, subjecting areas east of the Amu Darya River, known as AQIM beyond the river after periods Nqdahm previous era, where Qutaiba Baahili record and his army where the greatest victories in the fields of editing and heroism and jihad in order to raise the banner of Islam and its principles and uphold the word of truth and justice in all around the city of Samarkand because I enjoyed this city of an important and dangerous site. Geographers Arabs and Muslims have been counting the gate overlooking the provinces of the Islamic East and the cities through which the Muslims were able to continue their duties for jihadist Fattouh beyond the river and the settlement and stability in its lands Samarkand city has become a large and important cities after serious interaction that occurred between Muslim Arabs and residents of the city natives in the intellectual , social and economic aspects , it took the city respond to the process of the development of civilization , led by the Arabs in the areas of public life , thus becoming the largest city in the Muslim East and the most important in the scientific , cultural, political and economic reconstruction movement. And so it took Samarkand city since then develop Arab and Islamic sophisticated and show the intellectual and religious character emergence of a large number of scientists and scholars and modernists , writers , and at the same time I took Samarkand attracts them a lot of owners of science and knowledge and culture Venctt the movement of Arab and Islamic thought and expanded the areas writing and authoring among people spread across Cruel, science and literature and modern literature in a wonderful city has not softened before.The reason for choosing topic : These large in status, the prestigious WAN and fame he enjoyed Samarkand City in Islamic history that motivated me to study and stand on the historical reality and understanding of geographical and physical nature and the search for its plans since opening until the end of the sixth century of migration.Difficulties that I faced in the preparation of the letter : That to study plans to the city of Samarkand obvious importance in the understanding of the general historical mainstream of the development of the city civilized mystery of intellectual and scientific interaction, the historic The event, which was being above the battleground had an active role in shaping the political and administrative activity of the city, hence the gravity separation between the event and its courtyard looks a is very complicated for the intensity of their interdependence, and research in historical geography of the city of Samarkand is not without difficulty in its construction and its codification, and that the lack of resources that enable us to draw a complete picture of the geography of Samarkand and plans Urban, as well as the scarcity of novels and lack of historical texts and contradictory at times what passed by the city of Samarkand, Especially Persian studies needed for research in historical , geographical and physical things , but pay God 's help we were able to draw a picture of good general framework of this famous city, which has recorded a significant presence among the regions of the Islamic cities in the Muslim Orient.The contents of the letter : My studies were divided on : introduction, four chapters , and a conclusion , with the proven sources and references. The introduction, which systematically has shown in the writing of the letter , and the reasons for choosing the subject, and the scope of research and analysis of the sources.And dealt with in the first chapter naming Transoxiana , geography and administrative division , which is located in two sections : I studied in the first part, geographical and historical aspect of Transoxiana in terms of the label , location, administrative boundaries , demographics , and the second section dealt with naming Samarkand and location and the date of its establishment.The second chapter in which she dealt with the construction and urbanization plans Samarkand , came this chapter in two sections : Section I mention eating plans Samarkand from the walls , and doors , and shops, and fields. In the second section it dealt with the consequences of the city of Samarkand in detail and Rsatiq cities and villages.The third chapter studied the Samarkand agricultural and irrigation plans , and included this chapter two sections : The first study came from Samarkand River plans and types of perfusion in Samarkand , the second topic dealt with the study plans for irrigation projects in Samarkand.The fourth and final chapter touched it to Samarkand own plans its markets , and mosques , and Skkha , and cemeteries. And dividing the three sections , the first section dealt with in the markets , ports and industries in Samarkand plans. In the second part, schools, mosques and scenes Samarkand plans , but in the third section was the widest since the study examined the fascias , and Gorges , and boxes , and rails , and the tombs of Samarkand. The finally fulfilled the hope of acceptance is not flattery , and that my efforts failed , it remained in front of the dignity and greatness of the state of Islam in the Levant , and ask God to fix our feet on the faith and the straight path and him every success.
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المنهج النبوي في معالجة الفتن == The Prophet'S Ways For Solving Seditions

Author name: علي زناد كلش
Supervisor name: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تشغل الدراسات التي تتعلق بالسيرة النبوية مكانة مهمة في دائرة الابحاث التاريخية نظرا لما تمثله من اطار منهجي ( نظري / سلوكي ) ذات بعد الزامي لمن ينتمي للمدرسة الاسلامية، على اعتبار ان شخص النبي الاكرم ( ) هو المحدد الامثل لحركة الانسان في طوره التكاملي و| The studies which concern the biography of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ) have a special place in the historical researches , because it is obligatory for Muslims. The study becomes more important because it doesn't deal with an ordinary man, but it deals with the greatest man on the earth. This reason attracts my attention to choose this topic (( The Prophet's Ways for Solving Seditions )). Although, there are a lot of studies dealt with the biography of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ) but, the they didn't pay more attention the sedition and how the prophet Mohammed dealt with them. The plan of the study consists of an introduction , four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter entitled ((A Study of The Concept and the Motivations of The Sedition )). It consists of three sections, the first section deals with the linguistic meaning of sedition while the second section focuses on the concept of sedition in Islamic thought. The third pays more attention to the reasons and the motivations which lead to sedition. The second chapter concentrates on the seditions which are made by Non - Muslims and the Prophet's ways for solving them. This chapter consists of four sections, the first one deals with the ways of making seditions by the polytheists and how the prophet Mohammed solved them. The second section focuses on the ways of making seditions by the Jews and how the prophet Mohammed solved them too. The fourth one studies the inductions and the predictive policy of the Prophet for solving the seditions of Non - Muslims. The third chapter concentrates on the skills of the prophet in dealing with the seditions of Muslims. This chapter consists of four sections , the first one introduces the dimensions and the inductions of hypocrites' seditions and the wisdom of the prophet Mohammed in solving them. The second sections pays the attention to the policy of the Prophet in dealing the seditions of immigrants and the supporters. The fourth one explains the impact the prophetical thought in the productive approach against Muslims' seditions before they occur. While the fourth chapter which we named it as the general landmarks for the concepts of seditions' affects. This chapter consists of five sections to illustrate the effects of seditions. The first section explains the religious effects of seditions ,but the second section deals with the military and political effects of seditions. The third one focuses on the social effects of seditions, while the fourth section concentrates on the economic effects of seditions , and the last section pays the attention to the intellectual effects of seditions. The study presents some of the following results : • The word 'sedition' has a lot of meanings, It can be understood from the context of the sentence. Sedition often means ordeal , test or exam , but in the present study we dealt with sedition as ordeal. • The seditions wasn't against the prophet Mohammed ( peace be upon him) or Muslims only , but everyone who was affected socially or economically or even politically, he or she will make a sedition against Islamic Religion in order to stop this almighty religion. Furthermore , this religion came against those people. • The seditions of Non - believers were more than the others especially at Mecca or at the beginning of Islam. • The Jew have the great portion of the seditions , and they did not stop at the pint of seditions but they began to fight Muslims because they felt envious of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ).• The seditions which made by the Christianity is the weakest in this case. There are two reasons for that , the first is that the Christians were few people in Mecca , this is from one hand , on the other Christians have some common grounds with Muslims.• The prophet Mohammed paid more attention to teach Muslims different sciences in order to face the thought of the nonbelievers. • The seditions shows that there were two sides , the first side is the side of the prophet Mohammed and his followers which is the side of practicing the right principles of Islam. The next side is the side of those people who follow their interests paying no attention to Islam.• The seditions shows there were a lot of negative aspects such as social , economic , political and religious whether in direct or in indirect ways. The present study warns people from these negative aspects because history repeat itself. • The study shows the great personality for the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him ) in all the aspects of life to drive the people to paradise at any circumstances. It also presents the right ways of the prophet Mohammed for solving the problems and the seditions
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دور المراة الغرناطية في الحياة العامة (635 - 897هـ / 1238 - 1492م) == The Role Of Woman In The Granada'S Public Life (635D.H - 879A.H / 1238Ah - 1429DH)

Author name: سارة رمزي نعمة حسن
Supervisor name: عصام كاطع داود الشويلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In this research we have tried to present a vision of the public life of the Granada woman : Her conditions , customs, traditions , culture , showing her contribution in building that Andalusian city from the year (635 Hijri - 1238 AD) which was the date of establishingthe Nasrian State up to (897 Hijri - 1492 Ad ) , a date that witnessed the fall of Granada Kingdom. The research included three chapters, in chapter one we stopped at the beginnings of Granada , its location , its historic significance , its social components during thatera. In chapter two we dealt with( the social phenomena of the kingdom of Granada) getting in touch with the material life in the city : Customs , traditions, costumes , cuisine, fiestas ,public baths and wedding ceremonies.In chapter three we dealt with the role of the Granada woman socially, culturally and politically where we studied the nature of her life at home and outside home.We also stopped at her role in the cultural and scientific life of Granada.We also presented a few outstanding examples of women. We focused on the political factor as the Granadan woman could reach very high occupations in the kingdom. She was known for her witness and cunning and plots, consequences that led to the division of Granada and its fall by the CatholicChristians.We can not deny that we faced many hardships trying to gather the necessary resources and refernces, a task that was characterized with lack and shortage that hindered our task to giving a broad brilliant idea of the Andalusian Granada woman of that epoch.
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التراث العلمي البصري في فهرست ابن النديم

Author name: ابتهال محمد عبد الكريم
Supervisor name: عبد الفتاح عبد الله محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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اسرة السيد الاعلى ابي حفص عمر بن عبد المؤمن ودورها في دولة الموحدين

Author name: ستار جليل عجيل
Supervisor name: علي صدام نصر الله الفريجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Muwahdia state was built on the ruins of the Murabtian State and it became one of the greatest state in the Arabian west (AL - Maghrib).This state Flourished and expanded to vast areas extending from boundaries of Eggpt in the east to the Atlantic ocean in the west and from the Spanish kingdoms of Castalt, Lyon and Navara in the north down to the Green island south of Andulsia. Ibn Tomrat, the Founder of this state, thought of reforming the society and thus he started urging for the well - doing and forbidding enormitg. His political ambition, was in a way, behind that idea. Tus, he started adocating his ideas in the society some times by debating with the scholars and sometimes by pubhcalpy forbidding enormity which characterized society at that time. That led the different regimes to restrict his moves. As a result ,he escaped to protect himself and his followers to the strong forts in his birth town Agli in the remote high mountains where the Murabtians could not reach him. consequently, he disobeyed the Murabtians and declared himself belonging to the Mahdians. From that place, he started his wars till the time of his death. After him, the actual founder of those ideas, Abd Al - Mu'min Bin Ali Al - Kumi completed his mission who, after reinforcing his position in the Muwahdian state, he declared the rule as hereditary (Khilafah) after it was based on consultation.khalifa Abd Al - Mu'min did his best to place his sons in important posts in the state.As a result, we witnessed his distinguished role as the supreme master, a position that was reflected on his family after his death.This study 'Family of the Supreme Master Abi Hafs Omar Bin Abd Al - Mu'min and lts Role in the Muwahdian State' is based on the fact that he worked hard and took many steps to enable him make his sons inherit his rule (Khilafa). He appointed them as rulers of the provinces and declared his son Mohammad as crown prince.Those works gave the supreme master good opportunity to appear on the surface of events.so, the crown prince became the grand minister and took in his hands all the powers of the state.That also led his lorother to rule. Because ofall that ,he increased his authorities and enjoyed more powers that enabled him to advance to defeat some opponents of the state, the first of whom was the principality of lbn Mardnesh. During that, he also decided to go back to Al - Maghrib (countries of the Arabian west ) to hit with iron arms the opposing movements there.His work were useful for the state in all military, economic and constructional levels. The state witnessed many military developments and was able to fight the Christians in Andalusia both in land and in sea, a Fact that obliged them to ask for friendship and to conclude treaties with the state. Economically, there was notable increase in the financial returns which resulted in more constructions like building new mosques, bridges and palaces.By these steps, the supreme master politically paved the path for his sons to complete the same role after his death in supporting the Muwahdian Khalifas who were the reasons behind crowning Al - Mansur and his son Al - Nasir as well as Khalifa Al - Muntsir. Militarily, they were able to terminate some internal disturbances of mutiny and opposing the state and the law. Besides, they supported the Khalifa in his fighting of the Christians in Andalusia. The had a great role to maintain security and stability that resulted in notable economic and constructional development. Also, they ruled the important provinces in the state. One of them could even be vice Khalifa in the capital Marakish.After Khalifa Al - nasir fought the battle of punishment in Andalusia , it was clear that the state started to decline. That in turn, affected the political structure of the state. At that time, the state was ruled by ayoung wan (Al - Nasir) controlled by a minister and uncles who did not care for the state and only look after their personal interests. When the state became weak and there were those ambitious who wanted to rule as khalifas, grandsons of the supreme master constituted part of that struggle and they fought their cousin Abdullah Al - Bayasi and khalfa Al - wathiq. That struggle was omninous to the state. Thus, theeconomic structure of the state completely deteriorated both because of the wars and the plagues at that time.Besides, the door was fully open to those greedy men who wanted to rule the state. For example, the Hafsi state separated itself from the near Maghrib. In the middle Maghrib, Banu Zayyan appeared in the far Maghrib. That cut the state into parts till it fell down during the era of khalifa Al - wathiq by Banu Mareen. ln general, the reasons behind the fall of the state were already there since its first existence.
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المائدة في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط مملكة غرناطة 92 - 897هـ / 711 - 1492م == The Andulusian Food From The Muslim Conquest Until The Fallof The Kingdom Of Granada( 92 - 897 A.H / 711 - 1491 A.D )

Author name: ابتهال احمد ياسين العيداني
Supervisor name: انسام غضبان عبود الباهلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The tables Andalus when the Muslim conquest marked bait and private tables Muslims simplicity far from the sophistication and limited varieties, and diversity in the food and drink shows because of conquests, and revolutions that have emerged after the Islamic conquest ,and that influenced the foods and drinks and the method of preparation.And marked by lavish tables of the ruling class, luxury and the large number of foods and drinks, while the poor class was simple made and the lack of diversity over the Andalus Islamic eras.It was the beginning of the diversity in foods and drinks when entering (Ziryab) coming from Iraq to Andalusia, it was the first taken from the colors of foods, and what happened in the diversity of food colors and sophistication in cooked at the end of the era of theemirate. And numerous types of foods Bmnas padtha for every occasion and became a special color of the food, and those kinds of tables, tables religious or social, political, and military and other tables.The total tables heyday Andalus in a modern uniform, the children of the Red, where a thousand private cooking in these two eras of two books, the first book (cooking in Morocco and Andalus in the era of the Unitarian) for (anonymous author), and the second book (residual Akhawan in the good things of food and colors) for (son demure Altchibey), where there were many types of cuisine and recipes and cooks and working methods in these two books.The affected table Andalus Bmwaid East and the West, was transferred arrivals to Andalusia coming from the East and the West traditions and customs, including foods and drinks of various species and varieties, as it was influenced by the people of the East and the people of Morocco Bmoaid Andalus which moved them through the arrivals to them or through migrations that occurred in Andalusia both before and after its fall from the hands of the Muslims, as there was a reciprocal effect between the natives and the Muslims of Andalusia in the preparation of foods and drinks and eat.Varied opinions of the scholars of Andalusia around the tables of food and drink in Andalusia, where some of them are denied to non - Muslims foods eating People of the Book, Others have analyzed their foods and Acherbthm, and Atvqo not to extravagant and lavish events and festivals, and the large variety of foods and their own identity, because it is contrary to the teachings of Islam.
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الشيعة في روايات ابن كثير (ت 774هـ/1372م) في كتابه البداية والنهاية == Shei In Ibn Kathir Novels ( 774 H - 1371 M ) In His Book For Beginning And The End

Author name: رسول دفار عبد الرضا الساعدي
Supervisor name: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of the Shia It is one of the most important intellectual and ideological topics That took a large area of Islamic history , The importance of the topic comes and necessity under the circumstances now What experienced by the nation of intellectual conflict contributed to the destabilization and destruction of Islamic unity , So it must be to highlight the most dealt with ibn - Kathir Shia and their Imams , And his role in the distortion of their image by taking some promoted and published for granted is debatable. Which cast a shadow over the Muslim community structure. So these ideas must be purified and rid it of impurities in order to rid the nation of this intellectual scourge. The study included an introduction and preface , three , three chapters and a conclusion it came in the boot linguistic meaning and idiomatic. Word Shia have been addressed this issue by relying on the vievs of Islamic sects owners regarding idiomatic meaning. The study included an introduction and preface , three chapters and a conclusion. It came in the introduction of linguistic and terminological meaning of the word Shia. It has been addressed this issue relying on language As well as relying on dictionaries in terms of linguistic meaning the views of Islamic sects owners regarding idiomatic meaning This included the first chapter title the biography of Ibn - Kathir section and divided ever chapter into four sections. The first section of this chapter to his name and his birth and the proportion of the second section and gilded. The third section on his wife and children. The fourth section of scientific activities in the Koran and Hadith and fiqh Al - muhammadi and the Arabic languge and history. The second chapter , entitled The position of the Ibn - Kathir of the imams of the Shia In this chapter into four sections The first section of the banished the virtues of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him ). It allocates a certain field in his beginning and end of the Imam (peace be upon him ) as a jewele Shia , and Shia accused develop the virtues of the Imam (peace be upon him ). The second part , the cause of our names Fadak , and he accused the Shia of liying in this topic. And took the third position on the topic of cosmic accidents title , after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him ) and denial of its location , which occurred after his death ( peace be upon him ) and chared with heresy for Shia to stay decrees solace. And crying on the Imam ( peace be upon him ) , as well as touched upon in the fourth section of the deanial of the existence of Imam scholars. and divided by into three sections. he made the first section under the Shiite belief in the twelve Imams address.The second topic heading back to the front. The most important things that we reach to it in our research as follow : 1 - we cannot say that Ibn katheer was really truthful historical and he was far away from fundamentalism and honestly in recalling the truthful of historical , one of the most feature of historical be avoid this is qualities in order to be successful historical. one of the most important reasons that made him trade in duplicity with shea and Amams , was his study that was beside Sheks that they were full of intolerant and the environment that he had lived in it , it was Sham and they do not Know about the Islam its name. 2 - His influence with Ibn taemeh that was basic of corruption that was fuul of duplicity , rare of scientific descriptive , tamper with truth , deny the virtues of Amam Ali ( peace be upon him ) , his defense with Alamueen with the martyrdom of Amam Hussein( peace be upon him ) , lack of purity in his book in his duplicity with the strict criteria on of the most important things that we found in his writing. 3 - In his critical point about Sheas holy orders and their believes , he had not started with logical mind and it is not submitted with scientific research , but submitted with full of fundamentalism that were born all the truthful things. 4 - He made some of the most historical novels weather imperefect in their meanings or ygnored them , so its mean that he was blind mind in his thought and his believes because he did not return back this is historical novels in their sources. 5 - He embraced selective sight in the choice of historical novels , this is selective means that are conspiracies in the mind of Ibn katheer in order to make conflict inside the Muslims.
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خطط اصبهان في العصر الاسلامي حتى نهاية السيطرة السلجوقية == Asbhan Planing In The Modern Islamic Age Till The Salchokian Control

Author name: محمد عبيس حميد الطائي
Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This research titled Isfahaan city plans in the Islamic era have been divided into four chapters, the first of which entitled analysis of the sources and references that draw on Isfahaan city since ages Muslim first and up to the modern era, and it was to identify the most important of these Arab sources, who wrote about Isfahaan such as source layers modern Asbahan and contained them not Bo Sheikh Asbahani (d. 369 AH / 979 AD), and the book said News Isfahaan not Bo Naim Asbahani (d. 430 AH / 1038 AD), and the book pros Isfahaan for Mavrokha a fifth - century scientists, as well as mention many Persian references I wrote about Isfahaan.The second quarter was the geographical historic city Isfahaan entitled and which we dealt with the meaning of a single Isfahaan in the language and terminology, also touched on the history of the establishment of the city and its geographical location and area of the border, it has been the definition in all its cities and its importance, said castles and fortified research indicated demographic composition and beliefs of religious people and sources waters and the nature of the climate, as well as the male open Isfahaan at the hands of Muslims in 23 AH / 643 AD, and the different words in a year and the leaders and armies of conquest.The third chapter, entitled government plans to Isfahaan in the Islamic era, and these plans we approached the mosque, which is one of the most important government plans virility spin the rest of the plans are linked by all the streets of the main city and subsidiary, was exposure to male House emirate plans and plans for libraries and schools in Isfahaan, and kinds of different times, as well as the talk of the town wall is ancient history plans and developments that have taken place him in terms of the nature of the construction and Doors defensive purposes to which they showed it to in order to defend the city in case of attack on them, including training grounds plans and stores of weapons and prisons where she was dedicated to this type of castles plans.In the fourth quarter Search on service plans contained no Sbhan in the Islamic era and which have been identified Isfahaan city markets plans, relevance and developments that have taken place by the state's interest in the mentioned kinds and competence of each of them, and these plans are the most important service plans which are connected by all main and branch roads and their importance such as the importance mosque plans, and in this chapter have been identified on the settlement plans that were based on the three foundations of a basically tribal and ethnic, sectarian, also touched on the streets plans, in addition to the Parks plans or public parks and the date of its establishment and the extent of its beauty, and treat them like the Jews and Christ and Muslims and the types of these graves, and our research also pointed to the bridges which plans to set up Zayanderud Rhode River, and finally mentioned the equestrian field in Isfahaan
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المراة البصرية ودورها في الحياة العامة (14 - 247 هـ /635 - 861 م) == The Basri Woman And Her Role In Public Life 14 - 247 A. H / 635 - 861 A. D

Author name: رسل عادل نعمة
Supervisor name: صبيح نوري خلف الحلفي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study of this research which deals with Basri Woman and her role in Public life (from 14A. H./297A. D) is of the social, economic and political studies. It studied all women who lived and died in Basrah, or those who lived in Basrah and died in Basrah, or those who lived in Basrah for a while then left, and those who came to Basrah from pther places and their roles in these places and in Basrah whether they had a socids economic, political or in tellectud role. The first chapter dealt with Arabian Peninsule and women in urban and nomad societies. It dealt with the talents enjoyed by the women in Arabian penin sule in addition to the marriage, clothing, perfumes and accessories of Bassi women. It also included the economic side and what Basri women did according to their living standards, jobs and occupations. The second chapter studied the role of Basri women in political life. They participated by offering their opininon and advice in political matters. They expressed their opinions and obtained political condonation. They fought for the right and stand by men to encourge and suppore them to fight. Basri women readned the battlefield and participated there and helped the fighter by supporting them, healing the wounded, taking care of the patients and providing food and drink. The third chapter is concerned with the intellectual role of Basri women. The first section studied the role of Basri narrators and companiens in keeping and recording the sunna in addition to the role of adorers and ascetics in Basrah society. The role of women in liteature was also studied for their role was not limited to politics and religion, but extended to literature and rhetoric as well as singing and poetry.
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السيـرة النبــوية في مرويات الامام الصادق (عليه السلام) == The Prophet Biography In Immam Al - Sadiq'S Narrations A Dissertation

Author name: جمعة ثجيل عكلة الحمداني
Supervisor name: سلمى عبد الحميد حسين الهاشمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study falls into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the importance of the prophetic biography as contained in the narrations of Imam Al - Sadiq. The chapter was divided into two main topics; the first centered around the way by which the prophetic biography was subjected to deformity, distortionand misinterpretation, mentioned by many texts and historical testimonies which showed the influence of the authoritative interferencein this deformity. All different forms of this intervention were discussed; among these modes was the prevention ofrecording andcommunication ofAl - Hadith. This occurred during the reigns of the first three Caliphs. Other kinds of deformity, clarified in this research, were the methodology of Hadith fabrication, fraudulence and misinterpretation during both Umayyad and Abbasid ages. It alsohighlighted the qualities of fabricated Hadith and the reasons behind this fabrication, attested by examples, evidences and texts, with clarification of its effects on the recording of the biography. It also studied Israeli narrations and their role in the alteration of the biographical events. It emphasized the sense of the Israeli narrations, digging out the historicalroots behind their fabrication and reasons behind their proliferation in the Islamic society. The topic did not overlook the phenomenon of fanaticism, extremism and the extremists in Islam, headed by the scholars of different Islamic schools and sects. Those scholars took of Hadith invention as a legal method to justify and prove a certain ideology whether sunni or shia.Therefore, their impact was so great that they could manipulate the events of the prophetic biography backing their perspectives by fabricated Hadiths. The chapter also extended to Imam Ali's attitude towards extremists' phenomenon and his fight against it.The second chapter took completely different course. Instead of concentrating on the texts of prevention of Hadith recording, it tackled the priority of Ahl - Al - Baytin Al - Hadith recording. It also dealt with the significance of recording in Islam, attested by Quranic revelations, texts and testimonies from Prophet Mohammed's biography through his Hadith and Shari'a which both hinted to the importance of recording. Imam Ali, on his side, translated those hints into practical steps and left a lot of the prophet's recorded Hadith. He rejectedthe principle of preventing Hadith recording, so did his decedents Imams. Ahl - Al - Bayt school started writing down Prophet's Hadith as the prophet was still alive. It also continued after his death. The infallible Imams,alternately continued the process of recording until Imam Al - Sadiq's time. The researcher referred to the enormity of Imam Al - Sadiq narrations which fills the books of Islamic heritage and different Islamic sects', with no exception. Then, the chapter tended to study the scientific value of Al - Sadiq's narrations, their validity and other qualities. He also seized the chance to refer scholars' testimonies and discourses concerned with Imam's sciences as considered a solid evidence on his scientific superiority. Imam's supremacy was an impetus behind the researcher's choice to write on the Prophetic biography through Imam's narrations. The second chapter, entitled Mohammed's bringing up till his holy mission, focused on the fact that there were greater actions which largely affected Prophet's life. It is known that Mohammed grew up in a pagan society. This atheist environment was the secret behind his grandeur. He was the only one who was brought up in the environment of ignorance, stupidity and foolishness.Despite this, he grew up in an atmosphere of truth, science and wisdom. The second chapter is divided into five topics due to the multiplicity of its contents. The first was devoted to Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations, in relation to Mohammed's personality and disdain. The topic, first, dealt with the purity of Mohammed'sdecent, descriptions and qualities. It, then, referred to Mohammed's preference all over other prophets and messengers. Later, it focused on very important matter which was controversial among Muslims' creeds; his forerunners'belief and purity, and the connection between Abd Al - Mutalib's sons and the story of the harbinger in Quran concerned with Abu Talib'sbelief and that of his successors.This story hasan important place in this research because it tackled aspects of Imam's narrations, scientifically. It accurately analyzed them, based on sound logical criteria, far from prejudice,intending to attain what would support and avail thevalidity of the biography.The prophet's birth and genealogy constitutesan important side of this chapter. The second topic discussed Mohammed's birth and the stories associatedwith it. Some of those stories were over dominated by legendary and miraculous side. That's why they were studied through criticism and analysis, with aim of pinpointing elements of weakness and strength in them. It also dealt with subject of Mohammed's suckling by. Although there are modern studies involving Mohammed's suckling, which brought in new ideas. Scientific methodology was applied to discuss these ideas, to reach truth.Third part considered Mohammed's grandfather's guardianship. Al - Mutalib, his grandfather sponsored Mohammed two months after Mohammed's father's death. But when he became eight years old, his grandfather died. So he came under the guardianship of his uncle Abu Talib. During his uncle's time, great events in his life took place; his travel to Sham and the story of Buhayra, the monk, which was mentioned by many narrations. This part,analytically, studiedthis storyin detail as it will be seen.InBuhayra's story, there was a reference to Mohammed's work in trade, first, then to his being sheep shepherd. Did he mind sheep, or not?The fourth part discussed Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations concerning the prophet's marriage to Khadija and his children. It analyzed the marriage tales and studied the reasons behind selecting Khadija as a wife. It took by search the engagement ceremonies, and the amount of dowry. Then it went to Khadija's social position; was she virgin or matron (not virgin)? It also dealt with the tale of the prophet's children. The fifth part of the second chapter discussed the problem of rebuilding of Kaaba and placing of the black stone almost five years before Mohammed's mission.The third chapter was devoted to the study of Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations on the graceful prophetic mission until his Hijra to Madina. The chapter was divided into four parts. The first part consideredthe beginnings of the prophet's mission and of the divine inspiration. It also discussed the opinions accompanying thosebeginnings of the mission, thedivine inspiration, and how it descended, was parted. The topic concentrated on the differences between Ahl Al - Bayatschooland other Islamic schools in regards to Divine inspiration. Then it referred to thelagging of divine inspiration and the Quranicrevelations. The determination of the date oftheir decent, which assumes a special importance in the Islamic history and the prophetic biography, was seriously considered in the research; did the Prophet read or not? (Was the Prophet literate or illiterate? After all these proceedings prior to Islamic Call and its declaration, the second part came to study how Islamic call started within its two stages; secret and public. It discussed the conflict which took tribal, intellectual, religious and class aspects and so on. It also pinpointed methods used by Quraysh in this conflict and Abu Talib's stance towards these methods for combatting the Islamic Call.Due to the seriousness of Mohammed'sIsra and Mi'raj topic (journey and heavenlyascent) as entered in the framework of the Islamic creed and one of the Prophet's miracles which proved the truth of his prophecy, third part discussed the Isra and Mi'raj, coming out with new results by which the researcher proved that Isra and Mi'raj was not only one event but two, attesting that with what the infallible Imams brought of evidences from the Holy Book verses, texts,Prophets'Hadithand other scientific evidences. So the third topic paid great attention to the issue of Isra and Mi'raj; emphasized the fact that Isra and Mi'raj were subject to manipulation, forgery and falsification through what Jews inserted into it of their fabricated narrations after they had failed to combat Islam scientifically and correctly, for the Holy Book is void of defects.The fourth part dealt with the rest of happenings of biography, starting from the immigration to Abyssinia, then to Madina. It also studied the reasons behindHijra toAbyssinia; were there any political and religious reasons and impetuses which made Prophet Mohammed to order his followers to migrate toAbyssinia or only because of the oppression and coercion the first Muslims suffered at the hands of the unbelievers in Quraysh as many references mentioned? This situation was elaborately discussed here. It also focused on Quraysh besiege to BaniHashim in Abu Talib's passage, Abu Talib's death and its resultant effects on the battle between Messenger and the unbelievers inQuraysh. Then, the topic ended up with discussing of Mohammed's marriage to Aisha. The researcher made newfindings about Aisha's age when she was married to the Messenger. He proved by historical evidences that Aisha was older than what was commonly and explicitly known. The fourth chapter dealt with Imam Al - Sadiq's narrations during the civil reign. It falls into five topics. The first topic centered about the conditions of Hijra to Madina, setting up the foundations of the Islamic state, and the Messenger's actions of building up the state such as theconstruction of Al - Masjid (mosque), settlement of the conflict between Awas and Khazraj tribes, the attainment of brotherhood between the migrants and supporters so that he could get ready to face impeding dangers. The second focused on the intellectual dimensions of Jihad in Prophet's biography because Jihad occupied the first placein all actions in which the Islamic state was engaged since the beginning of its establishment. Jihad, as a concept,sprouted fromthe intellectual, religious and scientific principles ofIslamcore and it was not meant to be killing or bloodshed. That's why it was referred to at the beginning of the research, before the researcherembarked on the details of both Badr and Ehud battles as considered the first Jihadi fights for setting up the foundations of Islamic state.The third topic studied the ideological and political conflict up to Hudaybia truce. In this context, Imam Al - Sadiq mentioned that despite the profound ideological difference which separated Jews from the unbelievers, Jews hated the Messenger and his call too much. And this hatred made them cooperate with the unbelievers against Islam. The Unbelievers' cooperation with Jews continued even after their sham conversion into Islam due to Muslim's victory in Badr Battle. This ideological, political, and even intellectual conflict took five focuses in discussion. All of them concentrated on important events, such as change of the direction of Kiblah, the hypocrites' backing to Jews and the Messenger's attitude towards this backing. It also discussed the coalition of Arab unbelievers' parties with Jews against the Prophet and his policy towards BaniQuradhah. While the fifth dealt withlies and slanders as propaganda being fabricated against the Messenger to defame and underestimate his human personality, and finally with Imam Al - Sadiq's certification of some of those stories, through his narrations.The fourth topic concentrated on the discussion of the Messenger's policy toconsolidate the basics of Islam and impose its sovereignty, based on the events which took place after Hijra to Madina;Hudaybia truce, conquest of Khyber, conquest of Mecca, Hanin Day, and Al - Ta'f besiege. The fifth topic studied the end of the Message age by declaring innocence from the unbelievers, the farewell pilgrimage and the Prophet's sickness and then his death
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السيدة ام البنين فاطمة بنت حزام الكلابية عليها السلام == Al Sayida Um Albanin Fatima Bint Huzam Alkulabia Peace Upon Him

Author name: الاء حسن طعيمة الحيدري
Supervisor name: صبيح نوري خلف الحلفي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Summary:
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التصوف في كتاب رحلة ابن بطوطة : دراسة تاريخية == Mysticism In The Journey Book Of Lbn Battuta Historical Study

Author name: سارة عبد الرزاق زاجي الاسدي
Supervisor name: جواد كاظم النصر الله
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: After mysticism that has emerged in lslamic history it has played especially during the journey of lbn Battuta serious role as lnclude much looms large in the lives of Muslim and their history in particular that he took a wide area in the studies and lslamic civilization and the various stages of historical and times accounted for interest scholars and researchers and numerous research and studies that have addressed from the point of historical perspective monetary and divergent views on the truth and its impact on the individual and the community and society alike as exposure to each his opposition refused accused of mysticism negativity that undermine the resolve of the muslims and weaken their ambition and limit their activity and their rush is here promised to study mysticism of topics complex and thorny as well as the diversity of sources and plentiful and what it entails because of the sensitivity of confusion between authentic mysticism based approach to the book and the sunnah and the mysticism intruder affected philosophies creek Persian and Christian monasticism. Numerous studies on mysticism without having achieved political and social his dimensions especially through travel literature that Gap msnvoha the countries of the Muslim world and taken their perception of the problems and variables so most researchers have ate mysticism from the point just aprivate idea of view and did not interact objectives or social and symbolic purposes vocabulary and philosophy of its existence and spread of these problems has been unaffected by the hands of researchers posing scientifically clear gap in the understanding of the philosophy of mysticism and social symbolism so was selected mysticism title for the study through the journey of lbn Battuta clarify the seriousness of the historical period in which he lived lbn Battuta and the grapes and the impact of mysticism in the community who passed Banattaf dangerous because of the economic crises and political events and the multiplicity of governments and competition among them to install their judgment sought refuge to support mysticism for being a social movement presence and impact Alajtmaian hauling this movement in most of the institutions and different presence zones carry political dimensions without being aware of the society at the time to its goals and objectives. During the search in the sources of this historical period and found a researcher Information was not bad for the suf movement in the journey of Ibn Battuta but it is spread and scattered need to compare the texts with other sources and make it in a scientific mold contributes to the drawing depicting a neutral so traced researcher historical movels relevant sources related a variety of the most important books of mysticism history and public works Albuldanyen and geographers muslims and wrote biographies of morality and literature
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