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الهجاء والسخرية في شعر الجزار السرقسطي الاندلسي : دراسة في البنية الموضوعية والفنية == Spelling And Irony In The Andalusian Poetry Gazzar Alsergsti : A Study Of The Structure Of The Substantive And Technical

Author name: صفى صبيح كريم

Supervisor name: خالد لفتة باقر

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The Arabic literature has the Spelling and irony , and the Arabic writers gave the importance to the Spelling and irony to take their whole share of literature.The reason behind is that the Spelling and irony are close to the human soul, and are loveable to it, where the humor and irony are matters the create a space amid poetic narrowness. In reality, the poetry is a way that a poet uses to express what he or she feels inside, such as pain or happiness.The introduction showed in its pages that poet lived in the fifth century AH. Even though , it did not mention date of birth neither death.However , that the first chapter of the research has discussed. he looked for motives to create humorous poetry in his poems.These motives could be internal or external motives. The poorness and poverty were internal factors in himself. The external factors were pinted to his opponent Al - Borji, which take much space of his poetry due to a conflict happened between them ,Therefore , he leaned towards humor. He ridiculed his career and his mind by striipping it for science and perfection, it carry a sample in its lingual composition in a text. Then, it is responsible for exciting the reader in one side, and create a poetic picture that can express about the poet,s psychic subconscious mind in other side,making the poetic picture to have the ability to be absorbed by the erceiver and convenient to his ironic expressions.The compositional tendency was important to provide the poem beauty by giving the sayings inspirational measure fits to their lingual position. This allocation was to bound the humorous topics fir his opponent Al - BorJi not another. whereas , he deleted sentences which were their deletion for reasons like embarrass in mentioning some cursing vocabularies.The Stylistic tendency moved up in command , call and question to ensure the activity of directing the critism to a person who he wants to criticize in his poems.then,he come up with metaphorical meanings pointed to his opponent directly emerging a poetic due to these methods which are sharing the texts dy utilizing them physical means realized by senses like vision (color).The color had a dig share in most of his texts such as black , white,and yellow.The color dominated implicitly inside his ironic poems by using vocabularies imply to the color factor,which he appeared directly in other poems.The diagnose based on the age and it had the major part.where he added physical components like a hand and so on.with reference to incarnations, the poet had revive the morale inside bodies moving inside a text to give beauty to the ironic texts,which a reader see when he reads them.The poetic image based satirical in poetry jazzer attribute quotes from the Koran and Hadith, to confirm that poet was abeliever end uncertainty for gloss and include in the xocabulary of koraic of his vereses. Researcher

Author name: كاظم عبد فريح المولى

Supervisor name: سوادي فرج مكلف

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الاختيار في النحو العربي == Selection In Arabic Grammar

Author name: عبد الحسين حسن جاسم السويطي

Supervisor name: سالم يعقوب يوسف السلمي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Basris' gran1111arians started structuring up their gran1n1atical rules by selecting Snatches of people speeches and texts , looking for the con11non ties that gave gra1nn1ar sources.Consequently, grain1nar en1erged representing a side of Arabic paroles showing cognitive features.A after a p eriod of time , they gathered their linguistic 1naterials so as to put their hand on dialectological difference in Arabic. This process led to the emergence of new gra1nn1ar aspects such as interpretation and explanation in hope that they would attain a sortof concord with the construction of gran1n1ar structures and all that construct with then1 as regard to people talk exchange and texts. As a result philosophical and logic standards ca1ne into being , showing their difference in the viewpoint involved gran1n1atical issues. Such differences developed so greatly that they led to the existence of different groups of gramn1arians ,the enlargen1ent ofgra1n1natical studies so that new trends in Arabic gran1n1ar broke through.For exan1ple the kophian gn. : in1n1arian kept pace on to find out gra1nn1atical nonns which would attain their role in the building up of the language. Taking part their Basries colleagues in that construction but they were district in certain features , a n1atter wht h 111ade the111 take different way in bui I ding up so111e of jud e1nent.As regards to the general trends in the study of grair inatical selection in both Basries and Kupha schools, I havedev ted two chapters of n1y research with an introduction, based on · int preting and explaining son1e aspects of the selection, where I dw 11 the establisl11nent of gran1n1ar and its influence on the d~ elopn1ent of the selection and its relationship with gra111n1ar rules dding light on the issue of gran1111atical differentiation and its ru1 sin the enlargement of the grain111atical selection due to various vi~· point and its being well - known subject in the circles of archers in both Basrah and I

Author name: دعاء جواد كاظم

Supervisor name: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

المدارس الصوتية عند العرب : النشاة والتطور == Schools Of Phonology In Arabic : The Rise And Development

Author name: علاء جبر محمد الموسوي

Supervisor name: عبد الله احمد الجبوري

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Literature

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: الحمد لله حمدا كثيرا وسبحان الله بكرة واصيلا، والصلاة والسلام على رسوله الذي ارسله بالحق مبشرا ونذيرا وشاهدا وهاديا وسراجا منيرا، وعلى اله الذين اذهب الله عنهم الرجس وطهرهم تطهيرا. وبعد : فالصوت ظاهرة طبيعية،تستلزم وجود جسم في حالة اهتزاز او تذبذب،وهذه | Ancient Arab scholars spent invaluable efforts within the area of Arabic phonology. These efforts prove that such scholars are fully aware of the nature of sounds and the speech organs which were accurately described. Laws and rules for sounds were set up and the relationship between these sounds were shown. These efforts and contributions are easily recognized by Abualaswad Al - Dwali's self - observation and Al - Khalil Bin Ahmed's classification of speech sounds. The latter described speech sounds from an articulatory point of view which had laid the foundation for a school called lexical phonology. In addition Sibawaihi classified Arabic speech sounds in terms of place of articulation. Such a classification gave rise to what is called the grammarians' school of phonology.It is beyond dispute that the subfields of Arabic linguistics are interrelated to one another and to the Glorious Quran. It is very rare to find a given topic which is for instance, purely morphological, i.e. other levels of linguistic analysis are in valued in it. Due to this characteristic, there is a variety of studies as far as the general attitude of works is concerned.The present study sets itself to gather the contributions of these schools of phonology and clarifies the procedures followed by the leading figures of each school. Such schools have been classified in the light of the aims behind studying the phonological material. Accordingly, five schools have been investigated in the present work. In addition, an introductory chapter entitled "schools of phonology and knowledge Heritage by Arabs' is devoted to the perspective of the study and how far it is applied to the schools of phonology by ancient Arab scholars.As for the first chapter, it is concerned with the school of "lexical phonology" and how those "lexicophonolgists dealt with the phonological material. The leading scholar here is Al - Khalil Bin Ahmed Al - Farahidi who was taken as an example by other lexicophonologists. The second chapter is devoted to the treatment of phonological material by Arab grammarians who gave rise to the "grammarians' school of phonology." within this school, the phonological study underwent development which started before Sibawaihi. It is true to say that the latter brought it to maturity. in his famous book " Al - Kitab". The third chapter is named as "The phonology school of Readers". The efforts of a group of scientists have been dealt with. Those scholars gave priority to the phonological study which farmed the basis for their investigations. The fourth chapter concerns itself with the treatment of the phonological material by some Muslim philosopher. They investigated the material from a physical and articulatory standpoint. Although such a school had lasted for a long period of time, it had not attracted a large number of scholars. Concerning chapter five, it has studied the phonological efforts of rhetoricians. These efforts have not been given due attention by previous studies. The study of phonology by those scholars is not a marginal one, rather it is serious and systematic. Al - Kahalil Bin Ahmed Al - Farahidi organized his dictionary (Al - Ain) on the basis of phonology to give the lexical units a phonological arrangements. As to Sibawaihi, he focused on the study of Arabic speech sounds in order to precisely investigate assimilation. He maintains that he described the letters of the dictionary so that one can recognize where assimilation is possible or not. Regarding the rhetoricians, they adopted a totally different approach to study sounds where the theory of articulation of sounds is considered as a rhetorical and critical criterion to judge whether a particular word is standard or not. Scholars of readings are concerned with how sounds are articulated or produced. The dealt with the distinctive features characterizing speech sounds. They also viewed speech sounds from a physical point of view

Summary:

References:

شعر الغزل بين العباس بن الاحنف وابن زيدون : دراسة موازنة == The Love Poetry Between Al - Abass Bin Al - Ahnaf And Ibn Zydun

Author name: بشرى احمد قاسم محمد ابو حسنة

Supervisor name: حميدة صالح البلداوي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The compete between the one period poets or the following periods on the first skillful period in the pervious poem to the fineness in the poem and to be the reason in the comparative and the budget either if this through intention from the poets themselves or from the fond critics bound in this and between them our study “ The love poetry between Al - Abass Bin Al - Ahnaf and Ibn Zaydon budget study “, and we want to reach the agreement and the separation and research about the beautiful and the other in their poetry and this what require to be the study in itroduction three chapters and conclusion. The first chapter devoted for the Poets life, their relationship, their period, their personality and their death, while the second chapter treated love meaning in the two poets. The third chapter depend on study the invention process summary in the two poets with out expected the love on specified on it. The important results which are reached on them this study. - Although the different in their period and the contradiction in the strength of the two state which are they lived in them but the psychology structure for them was a approach one another. - It is clear in the love side for the two poets victory of the virtuous side for AL - Abass bin AL - Ahnaf and victory of the sensible side for Ibn Zaydun. - The language dictionary for AL - Abass was characterized by the emotional side according to the political and social dictionary while the emotional dictionary was competed with the social and political for Ibn Zaydun. - The two poets depended on the language structure approached means but also identical like the interrogative the repeating and the foreign authority. - The Similarity between them reflective in the invention the poem`s meters except AL - Maded Ibn - AL - Ahnaf was invested it and Ibn Zaydun was not.

معاني الحروف الثنائية والثلاثية بين القران الكريم ودواوين شعراء المعلقات السبع == The Meanings Of Two - Letter And Three - Letter Prepositions In The Holy Quran And The Diwans Of Poets Of The " Seven Suspended Poems

Author name: رزاق عبد الامير مهدي الطيار

Supervisor name: نعمة رحيم كريم العزاوي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This study shows the effect of the Holy Quran in the development of Arabic language as we believe that the Holy Quran has enriched Arabic language with great creative energies which have not reached before its revelation though it has got to an advanced stage of development.In order to know the amount of Quranic development in the use of the sort of preposition known in Arabic as : Huroof al - ma'ani , (Huroof al - mani ) and specify its size and places, the study has chosen the two - latter and Three - latter prepositions in order to investigate their Quranic uses. In order to know this development , the Quranic uses were compared with another texts of rhetoric which represent the best rhetoric al ones before the revelation of Quran.This texts were quoted from the poetry of " The Suspended Poems ". The study has chose the Diwans of The Seven Suspended Poems according to Al - zozani version. their poets were : Umru'a aL - Qeis (80 b.h) ; Turaf bin AL - Abd (60 b.h) ; AL - Harith bin Hilleza (54 b.h) ; Amr bin Kalthoom (39 b.h) ; Antara bin Shadad (22 b.h) ; Zuhair bin Abi Salma (13 b.h) ; Labeed bin Rabia AL - Amiri (41 a.h).The Study has investigated the use of two - Letter and three - Letter prepositions in their Diwans and balanced the Quranic use with them. That was in three chapters the first chapter entitled "the preposition : its whatness , its place in language and use. This is a theoretical chapter which explained the meaning of the prepositions and its place among the parts of speech in Arabic and the ancient and modern Arab philologist's view point of its nature and function.Also the Speech levels in the use of words and how to change the means of eliciting the meaning according to the different levels speech The chapter has also presented the two theories of "alternation and affirmation" which were used to deal with the multi meaning of the preposition. The chapter ends with the conclusion on that the two theories are not exempt from criticism.In chapter two the study dealt with a new theory which can be applied to deal with problem of multi meanings of prepositions. it was entitled "The Central Connotation and Peripheral Connotation". This theory was applied to two - letter and three - letter prepositions successfully.As for the third chapter entitled " The Effect of Quranic Context in the Meaning of Letters " , it specified and limited with numbers the places of Quranic improvement of meaning of two - letter and three - letter prepositions.This was in two sections. the first was dedicated for revealing the meanings used and improved by the Holy Quran ; the second section was dedicated for the Quranic use of new meanings.It was found that there were five central meanings created by the Quran. There were also fourteen peripheral meanings which were not used before the revelation. This was the most important finding of the research through which the study could prove the theory presented at the outset of chapter three which is " the Quranic context is an essential influence in the improvement of the meanings of preposition ".There are other findings which have been found by the study. foremost of which is the amount of using two - letter prepositions by the Quran (48%) over what was with the Arab poets. the three - letter prepositions (42%) over what was used by the Arab poets.Most of the two - letter prepositions used in Quran were (from - min - من) and so was the case in poetry. The less widely used preposition was (what - ayاي) which indicates the answer. And in the poetry, the less used preposition was (wa وا) which was not used by the Quran.In general the Quran has used the two - letter and tree - letter prepositions widely.These are the most important findings. One can refer to the graphs at the end of the study in order to review the findings

قصيدة النثر العراقية : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية == Iraqi Prose Poem Study Of Cultural Norms

Author name: هيثم كاظم صالح

Supervisor name: سوادي فرج مكلف

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The current study addresses the cultural norms in the Iraqi prose poem, as it represents a trial to detect the control and prevalence of such norms in the discourse of the poem. The study also reveals the directions of norms domination in the message of the prose poems, as well as the detection of the revival of old cultural norms in new verses. The current study takes the Iraqi prose poem as field of researching as the latter represents a phenomenon that apply the same conditions of cultural criticism and norm requirements. The prose poem indeed is a puzzling and encrypted production having the potential of cultural mystification around it. The study is made of three chapters, introduction, and a conclusion, followed by a list of references and bibliography, with an abstract and a table of contents. The first chapter is entitled "The Prose Poem and Cultural Norms" which starts with introduction of two sections; the first of which is entitled "Norms (emergence, concept, and interference)", while the second section is entitled "Norms between Breach and Revival". The last section carries two directions; the first of which is "Prose Poem and Breach of Norms", and the second is "Prose Poem and Revival of Norms". This section represents theorization about the norms, their emergence, interference with culture, then their domination, and prevalence in the prose poem examined to detect its breach of cultural norms, with applied texts of that breach, then the way of norms revival thereto, the way of getting norms back into original forms, and the untold in their discourse. The second chapter is entitled "Poem of Centre and Cultural Norms" which is made of an introduction and three sections. The first of which is "Prose Poem and Domination Norm" while the second section is "Prose Poem and the Norm of Abuse" formed of two directions; the first direction is "Abuse of Others/ The Black", and the second direction is "Abuse of Others/ The Woman". Then comes the third section, which is "Prose Poem and the Norm of estrangement". The last chapter includes applied texts concerning the issue of cultural norm and its revival in the discourse of prose poem. This chapter revealed some inherited and normal ideas like (Masculinity / Class) and Death haunted the Iraqi individual. Therefore, the poetic verses come to sustain such ideas and reinforce them with the idea of old norms revival with new aesthetics.The chapter also make clear the modality of the return of center and margin in the poem texts claiming the margins equity, in time other centers are created in conflict with new margins. The third chapter is entitled "Margin Poem and Cultural Norms" also formed of an introduction and two sections; the first of which is "Kurdish Prose Poem, which in turn consists of two directions (The first is Prose Poem and Ego Norm, and the second is Prose Poem and Revenge Norm), while the second section is entitled "Femininity Prose Poem". The second section carries three directions. These directions are "Prose Poem and Subordination Norm", "Prose Poem and Centrism Norm", and "Prose Poem and Violence Norm". This chapter is also an applied one as well, as the researcher employs poetic verses implying the cultural norm, with the potentiality of cultural interpretation, encrypted texts, showing Revolutionary characteristics, implying the norm or appeasement. Thus, the chapter shows the creation of cultural norms and their inheritance in various people classes, whether centered in culture or Marginalized. As shown above, the study revealed the control of cultural norms over our discourses, their effect our vision of life, and communication with others. Later, the poem is seen to have created a new center parallelized to the center of old texts. Therefore, the Iraqi accomplishment of prose poem may have potential reactionary roots and dictatorship, as well as having the possibility of revolutionary origins and progressiveness. Hence appears the effect of cultural norm, which gets deeply rooted as more as it is thought to be retroactive or impairment. That's what is revealed through the course of this study, and tried to be shown in this thesis.

Author name: عمر عبد الهادي مطر الزهير

Supervisor name: محمد عبد كاظم

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Author name: عدي صالح جبار

Supervisor name: صيوان خضير خلف المياحي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الجملة في ديوان المعبد الغريق للسياب البناء والدلالة == The Sentence In Collection (Temple Drowning ) For Sayyab Syntax And Semantics

Author name: مهند احمد ابراهيم

Supervisor name: عدنان عبد الكريم جمعة السالم

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The study is a wholesale basis in the understanding of the text , You may enter the world of the poet and reveal the meaning and connotations Thus, it opens the doors of the textTelly can be important in this letter the following : 1 - Sayyab did not come out too much about grammar originally syntax LittleThe impact of poetic weight in the formation of wholesale sometimes.2 - Linguistic context and the impact on the feelings of the poet syntax Since carrying a poet of conditions inside the poem.3 - Sayyab used two types of sentences which do not depart from the actual nominal and it is characterized by the palace and height. 4 - Find among the reasons for being in the Palace Wholesale literary position summary. 5 - Find between the delete of the sentence and the reasons for it. 6 - Find among the reasons for sentence length and the elements that led to the complete length in the poetic image. 7 - Sayyab ties linking his sentences moral and verbal. 8 - The most important contextual relations in linguistic cohesion sentence in the poetry collection. 9 - The temple is drowning ( customization , situational , ratio, dependency ). 10 - Sayyab adopted wholesale methods clearly , namely : A - It came a private Alastvhambesaagh style , in charge of your feet and often the last tool Interrogative. B - Call style came in and out of some compositions from the original for the purposes of rhetorical. C - This style came in different formats and different connotations. D - Exclamation style came in different formats , exclamation Balastvham , and the appeal , and so on.E - Came wishful thinking style (Leigh , though ).F - Apply condition method and delay came , and overlapping methods with him , as occurred Answer condition.G - Diversity among temporary exile and life imprisonment , according to entering the tool on the nominal and actual sentence.

دلالة المصطلح النحوي عند الكوفيين في ضوء الدراسات المعاصرة == The Conceptual Meaning In Al - Kufi'S Syntactical Expression In The Light Of The Modern Studies A Practical Study

Author name: هادي خلف رسن القرناوي

Supervisor name: هناء عبد الرضا رحيم الربيعي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Praise to God, the creator of the universe and his messenger, Muhammed the last of prophets and missionary, and on his sacred, kind household and fellowmen and those who followed him graciously and kindly till the Judgement Day and thereafter.... The expression occupies or takes over a prominent outstanding position or status in man's intellectual life, it is key or code that man can reach science, as mentioned by theancients. Through the expression the recipient understands and realizes the gateway of this science from its symbols that within the expressions, the vague, mysterious, equivocal points or issues become obvious in any science, all oblique and unclear issues are dissolved. The syntactical expression, as any liguisticexpression, formulates part of total, complementary structure, subject as other expressions subject to special or particularusage for specialized class or group inside the science that contains it that it becomes to have features drived from the environment that lives in, grows up and thrives. It is an accurate subject that needs a thorough reasearching, this makes different writings deal with the expression in different or various frames. Our subject attemptsto deal with thesemantic side of the expressions.The idea of study entitled "The meaning of the Syntactical Expression at Al - kufiee's in the Light of the Modern Studies" concentrates on a general study to the meaning of the syntactical expression, and the choice of the application of Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression was intentional and deliberate because the subject of syntacti - cal meaning needs a reconsedration in the subject so as the bases that are subsumed under the syntactical expressions be delimitied. As it is usual, Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression like a healthy suitable environment for such a study since it is subsumed under a limited schooling system included methodoligical, intellectual orientations or directions which characterizes this study. Despite this soecification or limitation there has been a give and take state with Al - Basra's syntactical expression owing to its priority and pecedence because there are notion and opinions stating that the rise or origin was at the same time and from scholars who were contemperaries to the establishment of Al - Basra's syntax. This was a reason for electing and choosing such a study because many of the meaning's features apply to it according to the methodo - logy of studying the expression. The study necessitates a descriptive, theoretical, and applicational methodology in expression, the reseracher tries to make use of what has been tackled in the former studies of Al - Kufiee's syntactical expression and applies at the same time what the study has arrived at in the field of researching that in a numerous titles have been mentioned derived from the actual applicational study of the expression. The relied on methodolgy started from what really exists and not from what is assumed to exist. This necessitates modifying or changing the methodology for more than once and in lieu of the subject in question. The sources and refrences connected with my study, either those concerned with the syntactical expressions in general or with Al - Kufiee's expression in particular had their effect in paving the way towards reasoning and argumentation and aiding me to delimit the scope of my study and its objective domain or field. The sources or refere - nces I depended on most in allocating the applicational positions of Al - Kufi's syntactic expression are the following references : (The Meanings of the Qura'n) by Ali - Bin Hamza Al - Kisaae (189H), (The meanings of the Qura'n) by Yahyia Bin Ziyad Al - Ferra (207H), (The Concise Syntax) by Ibin Sa'adaan Al - Kufi (231H), (Logic Reformation), by Jacob Ibn Isaac bin Al - Sukeit (244H) , (Thalab's councils) by Ahmed bin Yahyia Thalab (291H), (The Explication of Pauses and beginning), (The Explanation of the long Seven poems), (masculine and feminine) by Muhammad bin Al - Qassim Al - Anbari (328H) in addition to other traditional sources which contributed to stand on Al - Kufi's syntacti - cal expression and to make a comparison between him and Al - Basra's Syntactical expressio. As for the refrences that I greatly benefitted from in my study, these inclu - ded studies that concerned with the Syntactical expression in general and with Al - Kufi's in particular or with both schools like : (Kufa School and its methodology in studying language and its methodology in studying language and syntax) by doctor Mehdi Al - Makhzoumi, (The syntactical schools) by doctor Khadega Al - Hadithi, (Abu Zakarya Al - Faraa and his creed in Language and syntax) by doctor Ahmed Mekki Al - Ansari, (The Syntactical expression, its rise, development till late third century A.H) by doctor Awadth Hamed Al - Kouzi), (The syntactical expression and the origin of meaning) by doctor Riyadh Othman, (The Encyclopedia of the Syntactical) by doctor Yokhana Mirza Al - khamis,and many other studiesd that eased the difficulty of the Study and helped in directing some Kufi's syntactical expressions to the suitable place, all these difficulties were overcome with the aid of God and hid grace. The title of the thesis obliged me to have a look at some academic theses and disseratations entitled (The Syntactic Expression). All these studies tried to remedy and treat the stablizied syntactical expression at a particular syntactical personality or numerous ones. The land marks of one thorough syntactical expression cannot be clarified in the light of one personality because the world might be electric in opting its expressions in accordance with its intellectual directions which differ or vary according to individuals. This may not endow a fixed picture or vie for the subject if we followed the same means or method of researching.

البنية الايقاعية في شعر احمد مطر == The Rhythmic Structure In Ahmed Mater'S Poetry

Author name: زهراء عبد الكاظم محمد المظفر

Supervisor name: عبد الواحد زيارة اسكندر المنصوري

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Ahmed Matar is known for his own peculiar style, in particular his Lafitat, i.e. ‘Banners’, that has made him a well - known poet in the Arab world filled with anger against their political systems and governments. His poems are characterized by a sarcastic style. Therefore, some like to call him ‘the king of poets’. His poems have studies from different perspectives by a number of researchers. While some researchers, such Ahmed Ghuneim who has dealt with the elements of creation in his poetry and Abulkareem Al - Saeedi who has focused on the poetic narration in his poetry, some others, such as Khalid Jaffal Lafta and Tahsin Hasan Jasim have studied the stylistic aspects of his poetry concentrated and the techniques of the poetic formation in his poetry respectively. However, none of them has spell out the rhythm in his poetry. After having consulted my supervisor, I have come up with this title : THE RHYTHMIC STRUCTURE IN AHMED MATER’S POETRY This study adopts two approaches, viz. historical and descriptive; it is divided into three main chapters preceded by a foreword and an introduction and followed by a conclusion. Chapter one which is titled ‘The Structure of the Prosodic Rhythm’ spells out the poetic meters along with their contexts and the types of rhymes in Ahmed Matar’s poems.Chapter two, for its turn, which is titled ‘The Structure of the Phonic Rhythm’ confines itself to different types of rhyme, such as that of lexical items, lines, texts, rhyme.As for the third chapter titled ‘The Structure of Musical Rhythm’, it focuses on the most important factors that contribute to enriching his poems’ rhythm, such as repetition, foregrounding, back grounding, paronomasia, antithesis, and so forth.The rhythmic structure in Ahmed Mater’s poetry has been studied by means of identifying the most important elements of such a structure and the main factors that influences and enriches the rhythm in Ahmed Mater’s full collocations of poems. Having carefully examined the poems, I have discovered that the Ramal Meter is the most dominant one in his poems, followed by the Rajis Meter, and then the rest of meters.In his poems, the rhyme has played a significant role in enriching the rhythmic structure of his text. The study shows that the poet, Ahmed Matar, banking on his linguistic and stylistic ability, has utilized a great number of stylistic features, such as repetition, foregrounding, back grounding, paronomasia, antithesis, and the like in an attempt to add artistic touches to his poems. To sum up, this study has focused on one of the most famous poets in the Arab world filled with anger against their political systems and governments. I hope that this study could provide the reader with an explanation to the most important elements of the rhythmic structure utilized successfully by the poet.

Author name: سعد عزيز القطراني

Supervisor name: عبد الواحد زيارة اسكندر المنصوري

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Doctorate

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

السياسات اللغوية واثرها في التنمية البشرية == The Linguistic Policies And Their Impact On Human Development

Author name: عذاب مطير عذافه الخزعلي

Supervisor name: حسن عبد الغني الاسدي

General topic: Arabic Language and Literature

Specific topic: Language

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: This study is considered an attempt to have a link between the Arabic language and its influence in the field of human development in the countries where Arabic language is used in that development.This matter is easy for the nations moving in the procession of human development; for it has been proved academically and practically and in view of the findings of the international organizations and others, that the countries having clear progress in human development uses their native language in teaching all the stages at schools. As for the nations which have no progress in human development, they don’t use their native language in teaching at school.This study is an attempt to make standard Arabic a language of life, promotion and civilization by showing the particular of the Arabic language which might help in the progress of its speakers and their development.For this reason, and according to the developmental point of view, this study defines the linguistic policies as the final outcome of the efforts exerted by the linguistic planner, which evaluate and assess, and authorize the linguistic scene by using the legislative authority. By using this authority, a progress and development is seen in the linguistic scene, which leads to high degrees of human development, and the government is committed to fulfill the items according to a specific timetable.Human development is seen as the result of an alert will which is fully conscious of what is going around it, its past and its future. This will is to be training and being trained in a liberal society ruled by an independent and willing authority, one having genuine democracy not copied ; its democracy stems from the roots of that society, and it should have a developmental ideology which both planning and fulfilling at the same time.The society of knowledge should have an access point to sources and information and its trading, generalization and expressing ideas and creativity. According to the outcomes of the linguistic policies, the access point is the language; the human development experts and sociolinguists notice that once the language is unified, strong, and committed to the procedures of linguistic planning, and the linguistic policies are in line with the requirements of human development, the process of thinking and creativity will be easy and simple, and the process of transferring information faster and better.The conclusion of this study is that according to the procedures of linguistic planning, development is the end of the unified linguistic instrument, and the end of this development is Man himself.