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الاحتمال النحوي في شعر المولدين : دراسة نحوية دلالية == The Grammatical possibility in modernists’ Poetry ـStudy grammatical, semantic

Author name: نعمان حسن طاهر
Supervisor name: زكي فليح الموسوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله على سوابغ النعم وله الشكر على جلائل القسم، ربنا الذي علم بالقلم، علم الانسان مالم يعلم، وصلى الله على رسوله المبعوث رحمة للعالمين بالدلائل الواضحة، والبراهين الساطعة، داعيا اليه بشيرا ونذيرا، وسراجا منيرا، فبلغ الرسالة وادى الامانة، وعلى اله الميامين الاطايب الاكرمين وسلم تسليما كثيرا، وبعد : تناولت هذه الدراسة ظاهرة ذات اهمية بالغة في النحو العربي، الا وهي ظاهرة الاحتمال النحوي؛ كونها تبين العلاقة بين المعنى النحوي والمعنى الدلالي للنص، وليس بخفي على المطلعين من انه ما من كتاب في النحو الا ومرت هذه الظاهرة في مواضع كثيرة من جنباته، اضف الى ذلك انها تظهر جانبا من القيم الابداعية والجمالية في النصوص الادبية، ولاسيما الراقية منها بما يتسع لها النص من معان محتملة تجري على وفق تقنيات اللغة المعيارية.ولاهمية موضوع الاحتمال النحوي في النحو العربي توجهت لدراسته همم الدارسين في مختلف اصناف النصوص الادبية الرفيعة، ولما كان الشاهد الشعري يعتوره بعض الخلل؛ نتيجة لاستشهاد بعض النحويين بشعر خارج الحدود الزمانية والمكانية التي ارتضوها للاحتجاج، اذ ان بعضهم يحتج بابيات تنسب لادم ()، ويحتج اخرون بابيات تنسب لاهل اليمن، واخرى تنسب الى الجن، واحيانا يحتج بعضهم بمن لا يوثق بفصاحته، ويقعدون على شعر مجهول القائل، واخر يصطنعونه، كما يفترضون شواهدا لم يرد السماع بها عن العرب، بل انهم ياخذون عن الصبيان ولايتورعون من الاخذ عن المجانين في احيان اخرى.لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة في محاولة سد تلك الثغرات التي في الشاهد الشعري من خلال الاستشهاد بشعر العلماء المولدين، البارزين منهم، الذين يوثق بفصاحتهم؛ والذين شهد لهم علماء العربية بالاحاطة بعلوم اللغة واسرارها، كالمتنبي، وابي تمام الطائي، وابي العلاء المعري، وغيرهم.ويجدر بالذكر ان سيبويه قد احتج لبعض الشعراء المولدين في كتابه، وان كان ذلك على نطاق ضيق، الا ان المتاخرين من النحاة قد اكثروا من الاستدلال بشعرهم، وان كان اكثره جاء على سبيل التمثيل.ولهذا السبب اختار الباحث دراسة الاحتمال النحوي في شعر المولدين الذي جاء غالب احتمالاته في امهات الكتب النحوية، فقد وردت عن كبار علماء النحو؛ في محاولة اثبات ان كثيرا مما لحن به الشعراء العلماء من المولدين، انما يحتمل غير ذي وجه يوافق قواعد النحو المعيارية، سواء اكان ذلك على مستوى المفردة في التركيب ام على مستوى تعدد اوجه التركيب نفسه، اضافة الى ذلك، يلقي هذا البحث الضوء على بعض القيم الابداعية والجمالية في شعر المولدين. واما منهج البحث، فانه يبدا في كل مرة بتاصيل القاعدة النحوية ذات العلاقة بالاحتمال، يتلوه بيان على ما يساعد في نشوء الاحتمال في الدراسة التطبيقية، ومن ثم ياتي ذكر ما احتمله كبار النحاة في بيت الشاعر المولد من اوجه نحوية ممكنة، وبعد ذلك تجري دراسة تلك الاوجه وتوجيهها من حيث القوة او الضعف، وبيان ما ينتج عنها من دلالات لا تتعارض وسياق النص، ثم محاولة ترجيح احد الاوجه المحتملة؛ بناء على مقتضيات السياق الخارجية والداخلية للنص وما يحيط به من قرائن مقامية ومقالية.وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث ان ينقسم الى خمسة فصول يقدمها تمهيد وتليها خاتمة ثم ثبت للمصادر والمراجع.يبين التمهيد مفهوم الاحتمال في اللغة والاصطلاح، وقد عرج على كشف الاسباب المؤدية لحدوث الاحتمال، ثم عرض مفهوم معنى المولدين وطبقتهم في الشعر وموقف العلماء من الاستدلال بها.واما فصول البحث فقد اعتمدت في تبويبها على اول الاحتمالات التي طرحت، فجاءت بالشكل الاتي : • الفصل الاول : الاحتمال النحوي في العمدة، ويضم بعد التوطئة مبحثين، الاول ما يحتمل في المسند اليه، والاخر : ما يحتمل في المسند.• الفصل الثاني : الاحتمال النحوي في الفضلة، ويضم بعد التوطئة ثلاثة مباحث، الاول ما يحتمل في المفاعيل، واما الثاني فهو فيما يحتمل في اشباه المفاعيل، واما الثالث فهو عبارة عن مظاهر اخرى للاحتمال في الفضلة.• الفصل الثالث : التداخل بين المعاني النحوية للادوات، هو مقسم على ثلاثة مباحث، الاول، التداخل في معاني الادوات الاحادية، والثاني التداخل في معاني الادوات الثنائية، والثالث التداخل في معاني الادوات الثلاثية فاكثر.• الفصل الرابع : الاحتمال النحوي الثلاثي ؛ وهذا الفصل يحاول ان يثبت امكانية تعدد المعاني النحوية في شعر المولدين باكثر من وجهين توافق كلها القاعدة النحوية، وبسمات دلالية تكشف عن ابداع الشعراء المولدين، وحيوية اللغة العربية ؛ من حيث قدرتها على الاتساع في المعنى في ان واحد ؛ لذا ابتعد هذا البحث عن الاحتمال الذي منشؤه تعدد لهجي او الذي يكون عن اختلاف نحوي ، ويبتعد ايضا عن السبر والتقسيم الذي هو محاولة استقصاء ما امكن من اوجه متعددة ؛ فلعل ذلك يرهق النص بتكلف ما لا يتحمله من تعدد المعاني الوظيفية؛ وللسبب نفسه ابتعد هذا البحث عن الاحتمالات التي تزيد على ثلاثة اوجه . والفصل هذا ينقسم الى ثلاثة مباحث توافق ما تقدم، الاول : الاحتمال في العمدة، والثاني : الاحتمال في الفضلة، والثالث : الاحتمال في تداخل معاني الادوات، فاساس هذا الفصل قائم بمجمله على الاحتمال الثلاثي.• الفصل الخامس : الاحتمال النحوي في التراكيب، انقسم هذا الفصل الى اربعة مباحث، يضم الاول الاحتمال في الجملة، ويضم الثاني الاحتمال في شبه الجملة، ويضم الثالث الاحتمال في عوارض التركيب، وقد تناولت فيه عارض التقديم والتاخير وعارض الحذف والتقدير وعارض الفصل والوصل، ويضم المبحث الرابع مظاهر اخرى للاحتمال النحوي في التركيب، منها عود الضمير، وتعدد الاحتمال بين الحمل على ظاهر اللفظ والحمل على المعنى، وكذلك تناولت فيه ما يحتمل في القلب النحوي، واما المبحث الخامس فهو فيما يحتمل احتمال ثلاثي في التراكيب.وقد تلت هذه الفصول خاتمة بنتائج البحث، ثم ثبت للمصادر والمراجع التي استقى مادته منها. فاما المصادر والمراجع التي نهل منها هذا البحث، فهي في الاغلب طائفة من مصنفات النحو القديمة والحديثة، وطائفة من كتب البلاغة، وبعض كتب التفسير، وبعض الدواوين الشعرية واخرى شروح لدواوين بعض الشعراء المولدين. لاشك ان لكل عمل جاد ظروفه وتحدياته، فمن اهم الصعوبات التي واجهت البحث، هي ان الشواهد الشعرية لطبقة الشعراء المولدين في كتب النحاة قليلة مقارنة بغيرهم من طبقات الشعراء، اضف الى ذلك انه ليس كل الشواهد التي ذكروها تحتمل اكثر من وجه نحوي؛ مما حدا بالبحث ان يرتفد من الاحتمالات التي ذكرها كبار النحاة في شروحهم لابرز دواوين الشعراء المولدين، كابي تمام الطائي، وابي العلاء المعري، وغيرهم. واخيرا اود القول : لقد بذلت غاية الجهد بما من الله تعالى علي من معرفة، وقد جعلتها من اجل لغتي الحبيبة ـــــ لغة القران الكريم ـــــ فان عرض في هذا البحث زلة قدم، او طغى فيه قلم، فاسال الله تعالى غفران الزلة واقالة العثرة انه نعم المولى ونعم النصير | This study of the grammatical possibility explains that the diversity of the grammatical meaning must cause semantic diversity in the text according to its context . The reason of this diversity , as the study reaches , related for no more than three relations : First : Related to the speaker or what is narrated by him .Second : What is related to the language and its structures .Third : The analysis and direction of the grammatical functions within the structure . This research study broaches that the poetic quotation which is the most important in the linguistic rules - forming has some gaps that make some defect .As we notice in many of standard grammatical references, Grammarians cite poetry out of the spatial and temporal bounders which they approved as a condition for the argument .They argue by verses attributed to Adam ( peace be on him ) , people of Yemen furthermore they argue by some verses attributed to the demons or some who are not trusted their eloquence , so we see them depend on anonymous or created poetry and sometimes they mention unreal quotations that are never heard about Arabs .they narrate about boys and even the insane people as well .The study reaches that it is possible to bridge these gaps in the poetic quotations by citing from the modernists’ poems who are remarkable and their eloquence is trusted and also recommended by the Arabs linguists that are acquainted with the language and its secrets . for example , Al - Mutanbi , Abi Tammam and Albuhtary and others belong to the age which is at least near to the age of argument .This call is supported by our rich linguistic heritage started with Sebaway s book to the latter grammarians who made more inference in the modernists’ poetry although demonstration is the main reason for the most .For the above reason , the researcher chooses the grammatical possibility in the modernists’ poetry which is mostly included in the famous grammatical references in an attempt to prove that a lot of the grammatical mistakes made by the modernists poets might have more than one form according to the standard rules whether on the level of the vocabulary in the structure or the structure’s form itself . the study shows an aesthetic values accompanied by the inference diversity in the texts of the modernists poets and demonstrates their linguistic and creative abilities which consistent with their grammatical standard patterns . in addition to that , it sheds the light on the vitality of the Arabic and its ability to expand in meaning . This study attempts to give preference of one possible meaning depending on the necessities of internal and external context and the surrounding contextual indications

اثر نجيب محفوظ في الرواية العراقية غائب طعمة فرمان انموذجا == Najib Mahfodh's effect on the Iraqi novel Ga'eb To'ma Farman as an example

Author name: زينـب باقـر جـواد
Supervisor name: هادي شعلان حمد البطحاوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study is the effect of Najib Mahfodh on the Iraqi novel. The number of the novel was hundred s until the current time, but the mature novel start publishing Al - Nakhla and Al - Jiran in 1966 (The palm and the Neighbor). So, this study focused on Ga'eb To'ma Farman's novel as an example because Farman is the real pioneer for the mature novel artistically in Iraq and for he had pertained to the same age and studied in Cairo and a attended all Najib Mahfodh seminars and debates. so, it was inevitable that the great writer who won the Nobel prize in 1988 leaves an impression or mark profoundly in the Arabian writers including the Iraqis. This study consists of a prefect and three chapters and prefect, it deals with the Arabian novel and its birth and its affected features with the western writings. then, it deals with the Egyptian works that Najib Mahfodh brought out.It converses with his post among the writers and the critic's opinions about him. Finally, it argues with his most prominent writings with brief merits of his novels.The second part of preface charities the condition of the Arabian novel in Iraq and its beginning and the arts' effect in it. Then, it highlights the novel area which Farman brought out and his place among the Iraqi authors and the opinions of the critics about him. hastily, it deals with most significant novels and brief qualities of his novels.The first chapter critically and accurately peruses the effect of Najib Mahfodh in Farman's writing specifically in the structure of the visions and themes which. The second chapter talks about personalities building and keeping the repeated types between the both writers. Najib Mahfodh and Ga'eb To'ma Farman.The third chapter focused on the most artistically features which Najib Mahfodh came in to and its effects that have been observed with Ga'eb To'ma Farman.Eventually, it deals with the results and the conclusion and what this research deducts showing the clarification of Najib Mahfodh's effect with Ga'eb To'ma Farman's writing and then the sources and the referees.This study is a simple effort for the sake of literary criticism and analysis. It shows the Iraqi novel's circumstances and its artistically value. it also deals with the most prominent influences which promote it to be equal in value with the several novels in the Arab world

اليات التاويل عند ابن جني ت 392هـ في كتابه الفسر == Mechanisms of interpretation of Ibn Jinni (D. 392 E) in his book Al - Fasr

Author name: نجاح حسن كاظم
Supervisor name: سهى كناوي حسن
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The interpretation of the Arab heritage dates back to the early beginnings of the literature and studies in the first Hijri centuries. Its origin and its concepts were intertwined in the context of religious studies that dealt with the Quranic text in interpretation, in order to understand its verses and explain its rulings. However, in the third and fourth centuries of migration, interpretation began to take on a new dimension other than the literary one. In this period, the narratives and narratives of the poetry were active, and the narrator was exposed to these rich texts with meanings and commentary. And many of this phenomenon felt the great poets such as Abi Tammam and Mutanabbi and Abu Nawas and others, were the writings of these poets explained by more than one explanation, the difference occurs, and multiple meanings. Ibn Jinni is one of the most important of these commentators who took it upon themselves to delve into the meanings of al - Mutanabi's poetry. He is the first to collect al - Mutanabbi's poetry in his book al - Fasr and to treat his texts with commentary and commentary. The book included the works of al - Mutanabi poetry and Ibn Jinni's linguistic and literary possibilities. This explanation is distinguished from other explanations, which led us to choose a code for research, and the title (Mechanisms of interpretation of Ibn Jinni (d. 392 e) in his book Al - Fasr), highlighting light on the efforts of Ibn Jeni in his interpretation of the poetry of Mutanabi, and highlight the mechanisms that resorted to Creative text, Jane Gennie has used language and non - linguistic data to illustrate Linguistic and intellectual excellence of Lete. Perhaps the most important motivation behind the choice of the subject is to shed light on the deep intellectual heritage of our general scientists, and the son of the renaissance of the Arab world in particular, as well as linking the old to modernity; the fact that interpretation is renewed day after day, and the need for it constantly appears. Our scholars have beenBunaware of it ever since. The study began with a preface in which he shed light on the interpretation of the Arab and Western thought, and dealt with it in its linguistic meaning, and then the meaning of terminology in these two ideas. As for the chapters, it was in the statement of those mechanisms adopted by the shah in the research code. The first chapter was entitled (linguistic and grammatical mechanisms), which are in two sections, the first in the lexicon and the second in grammar. The second chapter was in (rhetorical mechanisms), which is on three topics : the first section in the metaphor and the second in metaphor and the third in the metaphor. The third chapter was entitled (Reference Mechanisms), where it was in three sections, the first of which was in the premises of the speech, the second in the parallel texts, and the third in the tribes of the author. After these chapters, the study was summarized in a summary summarizing the findings of the study, followed by a list of sources and references. This plan came as a result of a previous step. It preceded a thorough inventory of the mechanisms in the search code, and in the light of the inventory results, this plan, which led to the first chapter being two articles, unlike the other two chapters. The diversity of the titles of the chapters and the researches led to the need for the sources and references of the research to be varied in the stripes, in which the dictionaries, grammar books, books of rhetoric, and modern linguistic books, in order to enrich the research thoroughly. This aspect was one of the most difficult difficulties of study; the scarcity of some of these books, and the price of some of them. In conclusion, I can not but thank God and thank him for what extended to me from his grace and gifts, he is the guardian of success.

كتابا الحدود النحوية لابن العتائقي والابذي : دراسة موازنة في المنهج == The Two Books Entitled "al - hudud al - Nahwiyah" by Ibn al - 'Ataiqi and al - Abithi" : A Study in Assessing the Approach

Author name: ورود فيصل سعدون
Supervisor name: احمد عبد الكاظم علي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: بسم الله رب العباد، الموفق للرشاد، والصلاة والسلام على افصح الناطقين بالضاد، النبي المقتفى، الخاتم المصطفى، وعلى اله ومن والاه، واهتدى بهداه، وانتهى عما نهاه.اما بعد...فلرايب ان اشرف نداء هو نداء طلب العلم، اذ به يصدا الجهل، وتنجلي الحقيقة. وما اعظمها من غاية، يسعى اليها كل لبيب، ويمقتها كل معاند جاهل، واسلم طريق للوصول الى تلك الحقائق هو البحث العلمي الدؤوب، الذي يتخذ من المنهج العلمي ولغة الدليل وسائل ليصل بها الى غاياته المنشودة. ان لكل علم مفردات ومصطلحات لا يتم الا بها، اذ يصل من خلالها الى المتلقين من حملة ذلك العلم، فيفهمونه ويدركونه، ويعملون به وبهذا يحقق غاياته .وهذه الغايات لا يمكن تحقيقها الا اذا تعرف المتلقون على جميع مصطلحات ذلك العلم، وفهموا حقيقتها وجوهرها قبل كل شيء، لكي يتسنى لهم اجلاء الحقيقة العلمية ومن ثم فهمها، ومن هذا المنطلق فان دراسة الحدود التي تصب في مركز هذه الاشياء من معرفة الحقائق وتوضيحها بشتى انواعها لها اهمية قصوى في كل علم يعلم، لان هذه الدراسة هي الخطوة الاولى في سلم الفهم المؤدي الى الوصول الى حقيقة العلوم وفهمها.ومن ذلك رايت ان اقوم بهذه الدراسة المهمة لاسيما ان البحوث التي تطرقت اليها لم تشبع جوانبها جميعها بحثا وتفصيلا، فمن البحوث النادرة التي عنيت بهذا الجانب من الدراسات هو البحث الذي قدمته الباحثة السعودية جنان التميمي الموسوم بــ (الحدود النحوية في التراث، كتاب التعريفات للجرجاني انموذجا)، والاطروحة التي قدمها الباحث العراقي الدكتور رياض السواد الموسومة بــ (الحد النحوي وتطبيقاته حتى نهاية القرن العاشر الهجري)، ورسالة الماجستير التي تقدم بها الباحث العراقي محمد عبد سالم الموسومة بــ (الحدود النحوية عند ابن يعيش)، اما بحثي الموسوم بــ (كتابا الحدود النحوية لابن العتائقي والابذي، دراسة موازنة في المنهج)، فانه يختلف عن البحوث السابقة، لانه يتناول الحد بطريقة الموازنة، هذه الموازنة التي تدعو الى موازنة الحد بالمصطلحات الاخرى وموازنة الحدود ببعضها ومن ثم موازنتها بين العالمين المختارين. فالبحث لم يختص بالحدود فقط، وانما وازن بين فكرين ونهجين لعالمين يمثلان اتجاهين مختلفين في جوانب عدة لعل ابرزها الاختلاف البيئي الذي ترك اثرا واضحا في اختلاف الجوانب الاخرى.اما عن خطة البحث فقد اقتضت المادة ان تكون من تمهيد وثلاثة فصول، اما التمهيد فقد تناولت فيه - من باب الموازنة - حياة العالمين ومرجعياتهما الفكرية، تعرفنا فيه على نشاتيهما المختلفة، وعلى مصادرهما وتوجهاتهما الدراسية والدينية وغير ذلك.واما الفصل الاول فقد خصصته بالحد ومفهومه، فتناولت فيه كل ما يخص الحد، فجاء المبحث الاول بعنوان (حد الحد) وفيه نوقشت اغلب الاشكالات التي اثيرت في الحدود ومن وجهات نظر مختلفة فضلا عن شروطه ومكوناته . وجاء المبحث الثاني بعنوان (الحد والمصلحات المقاربة) فميزت فيه بين الحد وبين ما يلتبس فيه من المصطلحات الاخرى كالتعريف والتمثيل والحكم وما الى ذلك.اما المبحث الاخير من الفصل الاول فقد ذكرت فيه اهمية الحد مستشهدة بذلك بذكر المؤلفات التي وضعت فيه، فجاء هذا المبحث بعنوان (اهمية الحد والتاليف فيه).اما الفصل الثاني فهو دراسة موازنة من حيث التطبيق، فقد درست فيه حدود العالمين، فخصصت المبحث الاول باقسام الكلام عندهما، نظرا لاهميتها والاختلاف الكثير في مفرداتها، واحترزت عن تسميته بـ (حدود اقسام الكلام)؛ لان اقسام الكلام عند النحويين مختلفة، فمنهم من حصرها بالتقسيم الثلاثي المعروف (الاسم والفعل والحرف) ومنهم من زاد على ذلك، لذا وسمت المبحث الاول بــ (حدود الاسم والفعل والحرف) وذكرت مدخلا في اقسام الكلام وضحت فيه تلك الاختلافات الكثيرة.اما المبحث الثاني الموسوم بـ (الحدود النحوية العامة)، فقد ناقشت فيه الحدود النحوية الاخرى التي اشترك بذكرها ابن العتائقي والابذي في كتابيهما، وذلك لتحقيق موازنة شاملة. ووسمت هذا الفصل الثاني بــ (الحدود النحوية بين ابن العتائقي والابذي) .ثم جاء الفصل الاخير ليلقي كلمة الفصل في هذين العالمين والكتابين، اذ ناقش جل الاختلافات والاتفاقات التي تبينت من خلال التنظير والتطبيق، فوسم بـ (سمات التشابه والاختلاف بين ابن العتائقي والابذي) وتكون من مبحثين، نوقشت في المبحث الاول سمات التشابه والاختلاف بين العالمين من حيث المرجعيات الخارجة عن كتابيهما كالمذهب النحوي الذي يعتنقانه، والبيئة المختلفة والمصادر، وكيف اثر كل ذلك في اسلوب العالمين ومردودهما الفكري.اما المبحث الثاني من الفصل الاخير فقد ناقش سمات التشابه والاختلاف من خلال الكتابين، اذ تبين من خلال هذين الكتابين عدة مفاهيم تخص ابن العتائقي والابذي منها مفهوم الحد عندهما ومفهوم النحو ايضا، فضلا عن المنهجية العامة في عرض الكتب وابرز سماتها.ثم اردفت تلك الفصول بخاتمة خلصت فيها الى ابرز النتائج التي انتهى اليها هذا الجهد المتواضع، وبعد ذلك ذكرت المصادر والمراجع التي اعتمدت عليها متخذة من الترتيب الهجائي تسلسلا لذكرها.وهذه المصادر تنوعت بين النحوية والمنطقية والبلاغية والصرفية وغيرها، الا ان الاستعمال الاكثر كان للمصادر النحوية.تلك الدراسة وبتلك الكيفية اقتضت ان تلزمني بالمنهج الوصفي التحليلي للاستعانة على ايفاء تفاصيلها، لان ذلك المنهج يعتمد التحليل والوصف اللذين يبينان الموازنة بين الاشياء باجلى صورة ممكنة، فلا بد للباحث من هذا المنهج اذا ما دخل هذا المضمار من الدراسات اللغوية.اما المصاعب التي واجهتني في كتابة البحث، فهي - ولله الحمد - كثيرة جدا ابرزها ضيق الوقت الذي سببه تغيير البحث جذريا واختيار موضوع اخر بعد انقضاء ثلثي المدة الرسمية المقررة لكتابة البحوث، ذلك التغيير ترك اثرا مفصليا على البحث، ونفسيا وصحيا على الباحثة.ولان المصائب لا تاتي فرادى فبعد ان جمعت نفسي للمضي قدما نحو هذا البحث الجديد، وان اترك اثر البحث القديم وما سببه لي من خسارة وقت وجهد والم، واجهت صعوبة اخرى اشد واقسى واكثر فتكا وهي فقدان احدى اقرب خلق الله الي، التي استلها الموت من تحت ناظري ومن عائلتي المقربة، فالحمد لله الذي لا يحمد على مكروه سواه. وما لي من بعد ذلك الا ان اثبت ان الارادة في العلم لا يثنيها اي شيء سوى ارادة الاقوى وهو الله سبحانه، فتجندت لان امضي قدما وان اتحدى كل ما مر بي وان اثبت لنفسي ولمن وضع ثقته بقدرتي على تجاوز الازمات، وان اكمل جهدي بافضل صورة ممكنة وفي حدود القدرة التي منحني الله تعالى اياها، فانه معتمدي ورجائي. فان تخلل عملي قصور، فهو من نفسي وعجزها البديهي عن الكمال، وان وفقت في مواضع اخرى فذلك من فضل ربي وحسن صنيعه انه لا يضيع عمل العاملين.وفي نهاية المطاف ما لي الا ان اطرز من خيوط الشمس اللامعة كلمات شكر لعلها تليق بمن اعنيهم بها، لاخص اولهم واولاهم بالشكر والامتنان استاذي المشرف الاستاذ المساعد احمد عبد الكاظم، فاني اود ان اشكره مرتين : مرة لانه كان نعم الاخ المرشد والمتابع والمدقق، ومرة لكونه نعم الانسان الذي استوعب ظروفي وتحمل تفاوت ادائي العلمي ما بين البطء والتاني والاستعجال، فبورك استاذا ومرشدا ومشرفا، ثم اخص بالشكر رئيس قسم اللغة العربية في كليتي، كلية التربية استاذي المفضال الدكتور عايد جدوع لوقوفه الى جانبي في ازمتي، ولتعاونه وكرمه معي، وثقته التي شجعتني للمضي قدما . ولا انسى استاذي ومعلمي ومرشدي الدائم الذي متى ما هبطت عزيمتي اجترعت منه جرعة من الثقة والعزم والاصرار، فحقا كلماتي خجلى لمواقفه النبيلة، وثقته التي لا تقدر بثمن، استاذي المفضال الدكتور صاحب منشد .والشكر موصول لابناء دفعتي في الماجستير واخص منهم (المجموعة اللغوية)، اذ كان لهم اثر ووقفة اخوية لا تنسى ولا تمحى، وتعجز كلماتي ان تفيها حقها مهما اجتهدت وحاولت، فجزاهم الله عني خير جزاء المحسنين.وشكرا للجنة المناقشة التي همها الاوحد تقويم العلم للارتقاء به نحو الافضل، والتي ستتكبد عناء السفر ومشقة القراءة والتحقيق، لتهديني جواهر تلالئ نتاجي وتجعله اقرب الى الكمال مما مضى. فجزاهم الله عني خير ما جزى به العلماء العاملين، وجعلهم ذخرا للطالبين، والحمد لله رب العالمين، ومنه تعالى التوفيق. | This research is assessing two books entitled ( grammatical confines).These two books are by two different prominent scholars from different environmental backgrounds. Ibn al - 'Ataiqi is from the Arab east, the Hila city while al - Abithi is from Arab Maghreb, al - Abatha city. The difference in the cultural environment has affected their intellectual outcome for the two scholars were the students of brilliant scholars in their corresponding countries. As such , their thinking and ideas were diversified and they became genius in language, logic and jurisprudence among other branches of knowledge. Chapter one deals with the grammatical confine and studies all that relates to it alongside its concept. It has arrived at the conclusion that there was a conspicuous difference between (confine) and (definition). The definition is more generalized than confine because confine requires extreme accuracy in diagnosing the truth and transferring it to the linguistic reality. This is why the confine has been hard for most grammarians. Furthermore, this demarcation has shown the concept of confine through different viewpoints the most important of which are the linguistic viewpoint, logical viewpoint , fundamentalist viewpoint and grammatical viewpoint. Later on , it has clarified the difference of confine from the nearest terms such as definition ,exemplification, terminology, mark and grammatical predicament. Chapter two has been an applied one in the sense that it assesses the confines of both books and applied to them the conditions of the confine .It has also clarified the difference between these confines and what has come in the books of the ancient and modern scholars. Chapter three has dealt with the contention and agreement features as through what has already been mentioned between Ibn 'al - 'Ataiqi and al - Abithi on the one hand and between their two books on the other. The most important findings arrived at by the research are as follows :  The research has concluded that the different environments of both scholars have left a conspicuous impact on their intellectual outcome which means their product . Each one of them has been the mouthpiece of his environment and world. The research has arrived at the conclusion that both scholars possessed an encyclopedic mentality which enabled them to sink deeper in the various linguistic sciences such as logic, jurisprudence, grammar and other fields. The research has come to the conclusion through applied evidence extracted from language scholars texts that the forerunners were using the term confine in the meaning of (linguistic predicament) and ( grammatical predicament).  The research has arrived at the conclusion that the difference between confine an definition is a difference between the original and the branch, for the confine is one of the aspects and forms of the definition. Therefore, every confine is a definition but not every definition can be a confine. Most of modern studies acknowledge the existence of such a difference but they paid it no attention in terms of applicability in which case the term definition is used instead of the confine and vice versa. The research has arrived at the conclusion that the underlying cause behind the stubbornness of confines as terms for grammarians and their inability to formulate them in a perfect manner is due to the difficulties of their components , conditions and the extreme accuracy in diagnosing the truth alongside converting it in speech and writing. Therefore, the application of the conditions set by logicians and endorsed by grammarians renders most of the grammatical confines unviable as actual confines. The research has arrived at the conclusion that both scholars were not followers of a specific school of grammar despite the claims that Ibn'Al - 'Ataiqi was Kufan and that 'Al - Abathi was a Basran. Careful scrutiny of their products have made it clear that what lead them to put forward their grammatical viewpoints was their distinguished style and their intellectual references.  The research has found that each of both scholars has an inherent tendency . As for the tendency that dominated the approach of Ibn'Al - 'Ataiqi and his style in general is the careful logical tendency emerging from the fundamentalist and logical tributary he acquired from his teachers and studies. As for the tendency which dominated the 'Al - Abathi and his approach was the pedagogical one which required the use of the easiest and clearest utterances.  The approach of both scholars differed greatly. For the Ibn'Al - 'Ataiqi committed himself to a fixed methodology requiring setting forth the confine , explaining its details and clarifying it ; afterwards disagreements and replies were mentioned supporting what he says with various quotations from the Glorious Quran , classical Arabic poetry and ancient Arab proverbs and wise sayings in addition to explanatory examples. The methodology of Al - Abathi , on the other hand, was limited to enlisting the confines without going into details or mentioning examples or objections except rarely.  The research has arrived at determining the characteristics of both scholars. Ibn'Al - 'Ataiqi seemed to be a compiler, explainer, critic and texts editor while Al - Abathi restricted himself to compilation only.

التوجيه النحوي في التفسير البسيط للواحدي ت 468هـ == The Grammatical Guiding in Al - Wahidi's Tafsir Al - Baseet (468 A.H)

Author name: مرتضى احمد عبد الرضا الطائي
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The linguists who are interested in the Arabic language agree that it is follow certain grammatical rules and what is deviated from these rules should be interpreted. the interpretation in grammar is founded to deal with the pieces of language that are not inUniversity of Al - MuthannaCollege of Education for HumanitiesDepartment of ArabicThe Grammatical Guiding in Al - Wahidi'sTafsir Al - Baseet (468 A.H)correspondence with the regular grammatical rules in order to check its origin that led it to be in this form. The aim of the present study is to discuss what is said about the grammatical guiding of the Quranic Ayahs that do not follow the regular rules of Arabic grammar based on the book of Al - Wahidi which is highly rich in its guiding value. The present study contains a preface, introduction, three chapters, and conclusions.Chapter one is entitled " the grammatical guiding of predicative structures". This chapter is divided into two sections : the grammatical guiding of the nominal predicative structures which discusses the guiding of the nominal sentences, and the grammatical guiding of the verbial predicative structures which deals with the verbial sentences.Chapter two is entitled "the customized grammatical guiding". This chapter composed of six sections : the grammatical guiding of objects which studies the guiding of the object, the grammatical guiding of adverbs which discusses the guiding of adverbs, the grammatical guiding of discrimination, the grammatical guiding of exception, the grammatical guiding of reflexive pronouns, and the grammatical guiding of the direct object.The third chapter is entitled "the grammatical guiding of dependency and attribution". It contains two sections : one treated the dependency and the other talks about the guiding of attribution. the present study has reached some conclusions :  Tafsir Albaseet considers the Ayahs on their hidden meaning rather than their actual meaning. Al - Wahidi mentioned in his Tafsir the processes of guiding in all its types. Alwahidi accounted some guiding processes like deletion and exception.

الفاظ اجزاء الانسان في نهج البلاغة دراسة في الحقول الدلالية == PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY AND THEIR MEANINGS IN NAHJUL BALAGHA OF IMAM ALI(AS)

Author name: مخلص عبد الزهرة رحيم الكناني
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This research aims at numerating the parts of the human body in NahjulBalagha of Imam Ali (AS) and showing the impact of context in determining the meaning and channeling it and knowing the intention the addressee and the purpose of the discourse in addition to drawing the attention of researchers to focus on the human body and consider it physically, socially, culturally and symbolically as regards structure ,text or context in which that utterance is organized to discover itssemantic dimensions , semiotic vagueness and how it is employed and what distinguish it for Imam Ali (AS).The nature of the research and its content required that it is divided up into a preface and four chapters precede an introduction and sealed by conclusion .As for the preface , it has dealt with the meanings of the utterances of (stature and mere body ) in its first part where the term has been specified alongside te limitation of the research . Accordingly, the study of these utterances has been conducted with reference to language and usage . Part two has dealt with the utterances of the stages of man's creation . Chapter one has included the study of utterances denoting the head and face and what is annexed to them . It has been divided up into seven sections which are as follows : utterances relating to the ear and what is annexed to it, utterances relating to teeth and what is annexed to them, utterances relating to the nose and what is annexed to it, utterances relating to the head and what is annexed to it , utterances relating to the hair and what is annexed to it ,utterances relating to the eye and what is annexed to it, utterances relating to the mouth and what is annexed to it and finally utterances relating to the face and what is annexed to it. Chapter two has been devoted to the utterances relating to the man's trunk and what is annexed to it. This means that the reference is made to the utterances relating to the apparent and hidden of the back and belly which has been in their turn divided up into six sub - sections which are as follows : utterances relating to belly and what is annexed to them, utterances relating to the side and what is annexed to it, utterances relating to the chest and what is annexed to it , utterances relating to the back and what is annexed to it ,utterances relating to the neck and what is annexed to it and finally utterances relating to the heartand what is annexed to it . Chapter three has focused on utterances relating to the extremities and what is annexed to them which has been divided up into three sections which are as follows : utterances relating to the arm and what is annexed to it, utterances relating to the leg and what is annexed to it and finally utterances relating to the hand and what is annexed to it .Chapter four which is the last chapter has dealt with general utterances which has been arranged in two sections which are as follows : general utterances relating to the part of human body and utterances for the general parts of the human body and that which relates to them. After the conclusion theresearch hassupplied a comprehensive bibliography of sources and references.The research is based on the analytical descriptive approach where the text has been the judge and criterion and a source for extracting findings. The research , therefore, has arrived on the following findings : 1 - It has been made clear that the meanings of the utterances relating to the human body in NahjulBalagha that that category is open to many sciences some of which concerns naming the parts forming the body or stature , others are concerned with their movements and their indicative and social dimensions, some are religious pertaining to their behavior in an Islamic religious framework relevant to creation, life and resurrection . However, some of which relates to jurisdiction pertaining to sanctity of the body and its bounds as regards the other; while others are intellectual or conceptual pertaining to the body symbolism at a certain level.2 - The study has made manifest the usage meaning of theutterances mentioned in the research . The researcher has tried to provide a compact or terse meaning for the usage origin by the Imam.3 - The Imam (AS) has affirmed the close relation between the speaking and mute communication in some of the NahjulBalagha texts while in other texts , he has shown the conflict among them as in his saying " nobody conceals anything but it appears in the slip of his tongue and lineaments of his face" in which case he has affirmed the superiority of the mute language over the speaking one because some of the lineaments of the face can replace the speech which has been proved only in the fifties of the last century.4 - The use of the Imam has been characterized in some utterances by the Quranic oriented quotations despite the different of purposes which clearly indicates the Quranic approach , while other texts have been characterized by serving the Quran in some places to interpret some Quranic verses . He has relied in using some utterances totally on the Quran and the tradition of the Prophet (P.B.U.H) and the classical speech of the Arab such as the utterance of the "leg" . This clearly shows the linguisticauthority of the author ofNahjulBalagha.5 - The usage of the utterances of the parts of human body by the Imam has a great impact on the morphological and lexical studies for the Imam has used out of his own accord as regards some of the morphological forms and constructions. Meanwhile he has added some unknown plural forms. He has also preferred some plural grammatical views and measures in addition to giving preference to some languages and dialects of the Arabs

الشاهد القراني عند السلسيلي في كتابه شفاء العليل في ايضاح التسهيل : دراسة نحوية

Author name: محمد حميد زامل الزيادي
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

المفارقة في شعر ابي نواس == The irony in the poetry of Abu Nawas

Author name: كرار عبد الاله عبد الكاظم الابراهيمي
Supervisor name: عامر صلال راهي الحسناوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: paradox as fundamental in the poetry of Al - Hasan Bin Hanee, with its psychological and cultural dimensions, which expressed the poet's vision of the living reality at that time and his creative experience in an era of many misguidedness, entertainment and various social and political transformations which are contradictory images that capture his presence in his poetry Which represented aspects of the contradiction in the Abbasid society in the second century AH and its differences and transformation in life to a new style calls for adherence to everything that is new and stand against all of the old.The research found that the paradox : a methodological approach based on the contradiction between the prevailing structure and the culture of the creator of the special that gives him a sense of humor on the things around him, depending on the experience and events and attitudes through which the images are photographed whether abroad / reality or internal / psychological to reveal the The hidden truth behind the general appearance of a text, and the paradox of the main elements constitute the structure of its internal system and the antagonism or contradiction is the most important elements in the paradox The paradox of the situation is the paradox of the role played by the victim / the victim / I by the poet in view of the contradictory life in front of others without the victim's sense of the real contradiction creates paradoxes. The paradox operates on multifaceted mechanisms within artistic formulations that present the contradictions of reality whether through dialogue or ridicule of the manifestations of society, or the expression of the presence in which the creator, the recipient and the victim move together through the paradox of time.

تمثلات العنف في شعر التفعيلة العراقي المعاصر 2003 - 2014 == Violence Representations in Contemporary Iraqi Foot Poetry 2003 - 2014

Author name: علي حسين انشينش البركي
Supervisor name: محمد فليح حسن الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: القاسم محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين وسلم تسليما كثيرا وبعد... ان تامل البعد التاريخي للعنف يفضي الى حقائق ثابتة تدين الانسان في ممارسة العنف ، فمنذ وطات قدمه الارض ؛ حتى اصبح العنف سمته البارزة ، ولعل ارض العراق كانت مسرحا قامت عليه اكثر العروض العنفية الدموية في التاريخ ولاسيما بعد احداث التغيير الاخير في العراق ، اذ شكل هذا التاريخ تحولا كبيرا في مسيرة العنف ، فبعد ان كانت الجهود مركزية في تحجيم دوره ، حدث العكس واصبحت الجهود هامشية بازاء تدفق سيل العنف ، فشهدت هذه المدة تمظهرا منقطع النظير للعنف بشتى صوره . اذكيت شرارة البحث بناء على مقترح قدمته - مشكورة - الدكتورة فوزية الجابري لدراسة تمثلات العنف في شعر التفعيلة العراقي المعاصر للمدة من (2003 - 2014م ) ، وبدوري عرضت المقترح على استاذي المشرف ا.د محمد فليح الجبوري فوافق على الفكرة ، ووضح - متفضلا - اهمية الموضوع في هذا الوقت بوصف العنف وصوره المتعددة حديث الساعة ، ورسم لي الخطوط العامة للموضوع والية التعامل معه ، ولعل دواعي اختيارنا لهذا الموضوع ؛ هو محاولة التعرف على تمثلات العنف في شعر الشعراء العراقيين المعاصرين بشقيه السياسي والاجتماعي ، اي دراسة التصورات الشعرية التي رسمها شعراء التفعيلة في مخيلتهم ودونوها في مجاميعهم الشعرية عن العنف ، ومعرفة مدى تعاطي الشعراء المعاصرين مع العنف الذي اصبح قدرا لازم العراقيين ، وقد بدت الاجابة عن استطاعة الشاعر المنتمي بتمثل كل هذا الدمار ضرورة ملحة . لقد اختارت الدراسة جنس الشعر في التعبير عن تمثلات العنف ؛ لايماننا ان هذا الجنس الادبي من اكثر الاجناس قدرة على سبر اعماق الوجود الانساني والتعبير عن هواجسه وانفعالاته والغوص في النفس الانسانية لينقل تفاعلها مع ما حولها، واخترنا نمط (التفعيلة) بالتحديد ؛ لانه اكثر قدرة على توصيل الانفعال فالايقاع يسهم في انتاج الدلالة ، وقد تم تحديد المتن بالمدة من 2003 - 2014 م لخصوصية هذا الزمان في تاريخ العراق . استقى الباحث شعراء وشواعر التفعيلة في الشعر العراقي المعاصر عن طريق انتخاب مجموعة من النماذج الشعرية من دون الركون الى مرجعيات تفضيلية تميز شاعرا عن غيره ، بل كان التمايز للنص الشعري ، فهو من فرض نفسه على الباحث ، فالنص الذي نختاره نجد قباله عشرات النصوص التي تتحدث عن الموضوع نفسه ؛ فيكون انموذجا للاخرين على اساس نضج النص الشعري المنبثق من نضج التجربة الشعرية ، اما كيفية معرفة المدة الزمانية التي كتب فيها النص فكانت عن طريق : 1 - تذييل اكثر القصائد بتاريخ يحمل زمان كتابة القصيدة بغض النظر عن تاريخ المجموعة الشعرية ، فاعتمدنا هذا التاريخ اساسا في معرفة زمانها الحقيقي .2 - اذا لم نحصل على تاريخ القصيدة مثبتا في جانبها ، نلجا الى تاريخ صدور المجموعة الشعرية ، ونعتمده اساسا في معرفة زمان كتابة القصيدة . وفيما يتعلق بالشعراء الذين تم اختيارهم عينات للدراسة ، فلم يتم تسليط الضوء على من كتبوا التفعيلة وعرفوا بها ، بل تم التركيز على اختيار النص التفعيلي ، علما ان هناك شعراء تفعيلة فقط وشعراء عمود كتبوا التفعيلة ، وربما يرد سؤال عن عدم وجود مجاميع شعرية بتاريخ (2003 ، 2004م ) ، ففي حدود اطلاع الباحث لم تطبع مجاميع شعرية في العراق في هذين التاريخين ، فوظفنا بعض القصائد التي كتبت في هذين الزمانين اعتمادا على التاريخ في اسفل القصائد الذي يشير الى زمان كتابتها . تجنبنا النصوص الشعرية المنتشرة في الصحف والمجلات ؛ لاننا قد حددنا اشتغالنا على المجاميع والدواوين الشعرية المطبوعة فقط ، كذلك وجدنا بعض الشعراء الذين نشروا شعرا في الصحف والمجلات قد تخلوا عنه لاحقا ، وفيما يخص العنف فقد الينا عدم التعامل مع العنف الذاتي ؛ لان اشتغالنا يكون في الفرد مقابل الاخر وناينا بالبحث عن جلد الذات . وفي استقرائنا للمنجز الاكاديمي العراقي ، فقد بدا لنا قلة الدراسات على مستوى الماجستير والدكتوراه التي تناولت موضوعة العنف ماعدا دراسة الباحث صالح محمد جابر , وهي اطروحة دكتوراه انجزت في كلية التربية جامعة البصرة عام 2012م بعنوان ( العنف في الشعر العراقي الحديث مظاهره وتجلياته ) ، وهي تختلف عن رسالتنا تماما من حيث المدة الزمانية والفكرة ، اذ ركزت على عنف الشاعر نفسه ، وهناك اطروحة اخرى انجزت في كلية الاداب جامعة البصرة عام 2014م بعنوان ( تمثيلات العنف في المنجز الروائي العراقي ما بعد 2003) للباحث غانم حميد الزبيدي ، وهي ايضا تختلف عن رسالتنا من حيث التناول والجنس الادبي. انتظمت هيكلية البحث في تمهيد وثلاثة فصول . كشفنا في التمهيد النقاب عن مصطلحين رئيستين للرسالة وهما؛ التمثل بوصفه تصورات شعرية للعنف بصوره المتعددة في مرحلة بالغة الحرج من تاريخ العراق، والعنف بوصفه اثرا خلفته الاحداث بهدف معرفة البعد التاريخي له والكشف عن انواعه ومسبباته في العراق . اما الفصل الاول فقد تحدثنا فيه عن العنف السياسي في شعر التفعيلة العراقي المعاصر تحت عنوان ( تمثلات العنف السياسي في الشعر المعاصر) ، وتم حصر هذا الفصل بثلاثة مباحث ، الاول ( عنف الاحتلال )، تناولنا فيه عنف المحتل وكيف تمثل في شعر الشعراء ، والمبحث الثاني كان بعنوان ( عنف السلطة ) ، اذ دار الحديث عن العنف الممارس من قبل السلطة الحاكمة تجاه الرعية وتصورات الشعراء لهذا الموضوع ،اما المبحث الثالث فكان ( العنف الارهابي ) ، الذي يبحث في التصور الشعري لافة الارهاب ، في حين يتجه الفصل الثاني لدراسة ( تمثلات العنف الاجتماعي في الشعر المعاصر) ، اذ تشكل من ثلاثة مباحث ، تناولنا في المبحث الاول ( العنف الطائفي ) ، وفيه وقفنا على تصورات الشعراء للعنف الطائفي ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد انصرف فيه الباحث الى دراسة ( العنف ضد المراة والطفل ) ، اذ تناولنا فيه تمثلات العنف الذي عانت منه المراة والطفل في الشعر العراقي المعاصر، اما المبحث الثالث فقد درسنا فيه ( العنف الايديولوجي ) ، اذ عرضنا تمثلات العنف الايديولوجي في الشعر العراقي المعاصر بالاستناد الى الايديولوجيا المتطرفة التي تلغي الاخر، ودرسنا في الفصل الثالث (جماليات التشكيل الفني) في شعر الممثل للعنف ، بوصف الجمالية عملية نعني بتخير الالفاظ المناسبة والتناسق اللفظي والانسجام بين النصوص ، وجاء هذا الفصل على ثلاثة مباحث ، تناول المبحث الاول : ( جماليات الالفاظ والاساليب ) ، عن طريق معرفة الفاظ العنف ومدى انسجامها مع طبيعة العنف ، ومعرفة اساليب الشعراء في توظيف هذه الاساليب ، وفي المبحث الثاني تناولنا : ( جماليات الايقاع ) بنوعيه الداخلي والخارجي، اذ حاولنا الربط بين بنية النص الشعري الايقاعية ودلالة العنف, اما المبحث الثالث فوسم بعنوان ( جماليات التصوير ) ، الذي تنوع التصوير فيه ، اذ جاء التصوير بوساطة التناص متنوعا وكذلك الرمز والمفارقة التصويرية ، وربطنا بين انواع التصوير ودلالة العنف ، ثم تاتي خاتمة تلخص اهم النتائج التي توصلنا اليها ، تليهراوافد البحث. لم نعتمد في هذه الدراسة على منهج واحد ؛ لتنوع ادواتها الاجرائية تبعا لطبيعة كل فصل ، فقد ساد المنهج الفني اكثر من غيره فضلا عن مناهج اخرى مثل النقد الثقافي الذي يبحث في الانساق المضمرة ، والكشف عن المخفي من الامور السياسية والاجتماعية . اعتمد الباحث على مؤلفات كثيرة تناولت موضوعه ومنها على سبيل المثال لا الحصر ، ثقافة العنف في العراق لسلام عبود ، وتاريخ العنف الدموي في العراق لباقر ياسين ، ولغة الشعر العراقي المعاصر لعمران خضير الكبيسي ، وتمثلات الاخر ، صورة السود في المتخيل العربي الوسيط لنادر كاظم ، ومصادر اخرى كثيرة فضلا عن المجاميع الشعرية والدواوين والمصادر ، اما المعوقات فهي كثيرة منها صعوبة فرز النماذج الشعرية محل الشاهد ، فقد تختلط صور العنف وامتداداته السياسية والاجتماعية وتمثلاته الاخرى ، وكذلك عدم استقرار مفهوم العنف في الدراسات النقدية وتشظيه الى مفاهيم شتى . قبل الختام لابد من التنويه الى عدم ذكر الباحث في رسالته لنصوص تدعو الى العنف بمصاديقه المتعددة وهذا الامر مرده ؛ ندرة النصوص التي تؤيد مظاهر العنف الطائفي وعنف الاحتلال والارهاب وغيرها من انواع العنف ، فحتى وان توافرت ، فلا يتم توظيفها توظيفا جماليا . ومما لاشك فيه ان وراء هذا الجهد جهودا كثيرة يصعب حصرها ولاسيما جهد استاذي المشرف على الرسالة الاستاذ الدكتور محمد فليح الجبوري الذي لم يبخل علي بوقت او جهد ، فدمت استاذي معينا ننهل منه ما يخفف ظمانا العلمي . ارجو من الله العلي القدير ان يحظى هذا البحث برضا استاذي المشرف واساتذتي في قسم اللغة العربية ، فلم ادخر جهدا من اجل تقديم رسالة علمية تكون عتبة اولى في مسيرتي العلمية ، ومفيدة لمن ياتي بعدي ، فان وفقت في شيء فهو من عند الله تعالى، وان قصرت فهو من نفسي ، ومن الله التوفيق والسداد | Having a look at the historical dimension of violence, there are clear facts that the human beings are condemned of practicing violence from the first moment of their creation. Mesopotamia was a stage on which were presented the bloodiest violence in the history especially after the changing events. This violence has made considerable change in the form of violence.Although there were considerable efforts to reduce its effect, these efforts became marginal in facing the huge waves of violence. The period of the present study shows a unique representation of violence in all its forms especially terrorism which struck so many Iraqi people. This subject was chosen to notice the representations of violence in the poetry of contemporary Iraqi poets in its two forms : political and social violence. It studies the poetic imagesthat the poets of Foot poetry created in their minds and wrote them in their poems. Do the poets able to turn their faces away from this destruction? The present study includes an introduction, three chapters, and conclusions. The introduction explores the major themes of this study : the "representation" which is the poetic images of violence in its various forms in such critical period in the history of Iraq, and "violence" which is the impact of the events, knowing its historical dimension, exploring its types and the causes behind it in Iraq.Chapter one is entitled as "violence representation in the political poetry". It is composed of three sections : the first section is entitled "occupation violence in the political poetry" in which we explored the occupation violence and how it was resisted by poetry. The second one is "Authority violence in the political poetry" which argues the violence which is practiced by the ruling authorities towards their people. The last section is "Terrorist violence in the political poetry" which explores the poetic representation of this lesion. Chapter two deals with the social violence. It is also composed of three sections : first, "Sectarian violence in the social poetry" which talks about violence which practiced on sectarian bases. Second, "violence against women and children in the social poetry" which dealt with the violence form which Iraqi women and children suffer in the poetic images. Third, "The ideological violence in the social poetry" in which we discuss the distribution of extremist ideas.Chapter three studies the" Aesthetics of the artistic composition" in the poetry of violence. It describes the aesthetics in which the choice of words that are suitable and the harmony of them and texts. This chapter composed of three sections : "Aestheticsof wordy and styles","Aesthetics of rhythm", and "Aesthetics of imagery". The first section is dealing with the way the poets choose their words and their styles of writing. The second section discusses the rhythm in its both types : the internal as well as the external to investigate its relationship with violence. The last section is studying the imagery and the poetic devices that are used by the poets like metaphor and simile.The present study has concluded the following : • The representations are some images that the poets created in their poems in both fields : political and social poetry• The violence that was practiced by the occupation forces made a heavy pressure on the Iraqi people. This was reflected by poetry.• The ruling authorities practiced a hidden violence. This made the contemporary Iraqi poets uncover the double - face of the Iraqi politicians by their poems.• The terrorist violencewas the harshest one. Thus, the poets focused highly of this type of violence.• Sectarian violence was one of the important subjects that were argued by the poets. The poets expressed their refusal against this type of violence and they encourage the unity of the people of the one country

مقاربات تداولية في كتاب معاني القران للنحاس (ت 338 هـ) == A Pragmatic Study of Al - Nahas' Ma'any Al - Quran (338 A.H.)

Author name: علاء سامي عبد الحسين ياسين
Supervisor name: عمي فرحان جواد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Pragmatics is considered as one of the new branches of linguistics in which the linguists have found new trends of research. The importance of the present study comes from the idea of linking the new trends in linguistics with the Arabic tradition. Also, there is no pragmatic study conducted on this important book "Ma'any Al - Quran". This would enrich the Arabic libraries of new studies with modern conceptions so as to study the traditional books with modern methods of research.The present study is composed of four chapters and conclusions, in which the researcher has adopted the pragmatic, Analytical, descriptive, and historical methods of Analysis. It has depended on several important sources and bibliographies both traditional and modern like Sebawah's book, Al - Muqtathab for Al - Mubarad, A. H. Al - Shahry's Strategies of Discourse, and M. A. Nahla's New Trends of Modern Linguistic Research.Chapter one discusses the indications in all its types. It is composed of three sections : section one dealt with the sensory indications and how could the addresser point out to himself to interact with the addressee what he wants to say. The second section is dealing with the mental indications that the addressee could understand by his mental ability. While the last section dealt with temporal and spatial indications. Chapter Two discusses the rules of spoken discourse. It contains two sections : the first section previewed the Gricean maxims of cooperative conversation and the conversational restrictions. The second section talks about what is included within speech of hidden meaning and the shared knowledge.Chapter Three is entitled "Speech Act". It includes two sections : the first one discusses Austin's classification of the direct Speech acts, while the second section dealt with Searle's theory of indirect speech acts. The fourth chapter was devoted to the Arguments. It is divided into three sections : the first section is devoted to the argumentative connections. The second section dealt with the elements of argument, while the last section dealt with the way of arranging arguments to reach the result.The present study has concluded some important conclusions :  Al - Nahas has referred to vagueness and considered it as an indication of two types : mental and sensory indications. Al - Nahas was aware about the strategies of conversations or what is called in the modern terminology as cooperative principles. He dealt with the speech acts on the base of what it accomplishes.The arguments were very powerful in the book of Al - Nahas

الجواز النحوي في كتب معاني القران للفراء والاخفش والزجاج == The Syntax Authorization in Quran Meanings Books To the End of Third Century Hegira

Author name: عدنان حسين مدلول حسن الموسوي
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: التمهيد : تحدثت فيه عن الجواز في النحو العربي, اذ تتبعت دلالات المصطلح في صيغته الاصطلاحية, عند علماء العربية القدامى, وتحديدا سيبويه, وابن جني, فضلا عن الفراء والمبرد والزجاج, وغيرهم من النحويين, وحددت له ثلاث ماهيات, الاولى : قاعدة فرعية, والثانية : حكم, وهو ما وسمه السيوطي بـ(حكم الجائز على السواء), والثالثة : سبب يجوز الحكم, وهو ما وسمه ابن جني بـ(علة), وازعم ان الاخير هو المعني بمصطلح "الجواز النحوي". وقد بينت الماهية المقصودة بمصطلح الجواز عند سيبويه, وعند ابن جني, وقسمته على قسمين : احدهما : ما يجوزه اللفظ, والاخر : ما يجوزه اللفظ والمعنى. ثم عرجت على الدراسات الحديثة التي تناولت الجواز, وقد بينت كيف خلط بعض الباحثين الذين تناولوا موضوع الجواز, بين تجويز الحكم وتجويز الاستعمال, وبين الجواز النحوي والتوجيه النحوي. الباب الاول : اقترحت فيه ثلاثة مسالك عامة للجواز في ضوء علاقته بالنظام النحوي, وكان على ثلاثة فصول, يكون كل منهما مسلكا عاما, الاول : في العامل, وما يعرض له في التركيب من حذف واهمال او اعمال, وغيرها, وفي الفصل الثاني تناولت عددا من مسائل الاستئناف والاتباع, وفي الفصل الثالث تناولت الوظائف النحوية, والاساليب النحوية, وجمعتهما تحت عنوان, المعنى النحوي.الباب الثاني : وتحدثت فيه عن الاحكام القيمية للجواز؛ لاستيفاء جوانب المصطلح في النقطة التي يلتقي فيها جانبه المعياري, بوصفه حكما نحويا قياسيا - سببا يجوز الحكم - , بالجانب القيمي بوصفه مستوى من مستويات الاداء اللغوي, وحاولت تطبيق فكرة التفريق بين المفهوم والمصطلح, , وكان على ثلاثة فصول, خصصت الاول منه, لدراسة قيم الاحكام النوعية, ومعاييرها, ودلالاتها, ومجالات استعمالها, في المصطلح بقسميه, والمفهوم عامة, وكان الفصل الثاني في معايير الاحكام الكمية, وعلاقتها بمستويات الاداء اللغوي, والغاية من استعمالها, فضلا عن اقترانها بالاحكام النوعية, وكان الفصل الثالث في المرجعيات العميقة لاختيارات اصحاب كتب المعاني لبعض وجوه الجواز, وما اطلقوه من احكام وتعليلات تكشف عن بعض هذه المرجعيات اذ تباين اصحاب كتب معاني القران في نظرتهم الى الجواز, بين دلالة الاستعمال, ودلالة الوضع, ثم اوجزت في خاتمة البحث اهم ما توصلت اليه من نتائج | The Authorization from where it be a concept engaged with basics buildings , and syntax origins , basophilism , orienting , explanation , from where be a term linked with the spoken behavior , and come to expand the available options in using the structure union , on expanding side in preferred judgment in certain use , and grammar and syntax origins demanded . And from where it be a standard judgment , it has two different substances , one of them : a judgment have a fixed pure value , which result from it an equal structures in its power , and Al - Suyoti called it "Permissible Judge on equally" . And the other : a reason allow the judge , and result from it a structures have variable values in power , and Ibn Jinni called it "Vowel" to separate it from judge from where stability and separation , and the second one is our target in this study . And I choose subject to study in Quran Meanings Books as the following : - 1 - Quran Meanings , for Yahya Bin Ziyad Al - Farra'a (dead 207 H) . 2 - Quran Meanings , for Sa'eed Bin Mis'eda Al - aKhfash ( Dead 215 H) . 3 - Quran Meanings and its syntax , for Abi Isaac Al - Zajjaj ( Dead 311 H ) . And the research plan consist of the following : - Introduction : The authorization in the Arabic Syntax , and limits three substances for authorization from (Sebawaih) until (Ibn Jinni) . The First Unit : The paths of Syntax authorization and its relation in the syntax system , and it is divided into three chapters : - First Chapter : in the worker , and what happen to it in structure from elimination , ignoring and works , … etc. Second Chapter : deals with numerous of appealing and following problems . Third Chapter : The Syntax meaning , which deal the syntax functions , and the syntax styles . The Second Unit : talking about the valuable judgment of authorization , which divided into three chapters : - First Chapter : specialized for study the typical judgment values , its guidance , and uses fields . Second Chapter : in the quantum judgment standards , and its relation with the linguistic performance levels . Third Chapter : in deep references for authors of meanings books selection to some sides of authorization .And this research deal with syntax authorization in the meeting point of standard side as a standard syntax judgment - reason permit the judge - with the valuable side as a level of linguistic performance levels , and the following the brief of what this study result : - - The authors of Quran meanings books use an authorization expression in three substances : the first : branching base , the second : Judge , and this called by (Al - Suyoti) "Permissible Judge on equally" , and the third : a reason permit the judge , and it is called by (Ibn Jinni) "Vowel" , and the latest is our target the term "The Syntax Authorization" . - The syntax authorization divided into two divisions : the one : what the pronunciation permit , the second : what the meanings and pronunciation permit . - The authors deal with first division as it is a permissible judge , in other hand they deal with the second division that it is a reason permit the judge and not oblige on it . - The authors deal with the second division as it is individual or dialectal use , but it have secure paths of the spoken , not stain in grammatical mistakes , because the Arabic syntax system contain this uses and dialectics . - The worker theory have a big effect in authorization origin and expands . - The meaning was the basic in differentiation between the authorization and judgment permit in Quran meanings books . - Discrimination between the authors until the end of third century hegira in their vision to the authorization , between the uses guidance , and the situation guidance , according to origins which each author adopted in certain problem . - More of oblige and permit judgment at (Al - Farra'a) in many Quran structures , in other hand syntax explanation have been dominated at (Al - aKhfash and Al - Zajjaj) . - It maybe consider the syntax permit in a division of it an element from the stylish structure which companied the language standards , rather than the dialects consider in its origin stylish deviation from the origin language . - Almost empty the Quran meanings books from the stylish indications of the structures build which carry on the permit , beside what marking in (Sebawaih) books . - The appealing and following considers a wide paths of syntax authorization in Quran meanings books and Arabic syntax generally . - The instructions of (Al - Farra'a) for the authorization have been dominated what indicates to spoken style , and on instructions of (Al - aKhfash) syntax industry , and on (Al - Zajjaj) instructions the estimations of explanation meaning , and (Al - Zajjaj) was be biased to the Quran language in all authorization sides . - The valuable judgment considers common between the term and the concept , and in each of them the valuable judge indicates to the level of linguistic performance levels . - They use the quantum judgment for claiming to steadiness the structure in certain level or few uses , also to monitor the steadiness uses in certain linguistic level , specially Holy Quran , as if this uses represent in stylish phenomena . - For the non - linguistic context the effect of limiting the spoken options in each divisions of authorization . - The valuable syntax authorization judges , options and reasons have recover about its situations of the linguistic performance levels in Holy Quran . - (Al - Farra'a) was oblige many of authorization judgments for guidance reasons extended about the juristic origins tendency based on the explanation heritage , and the Islamic culture , rather than its consideration of syntax guidance relations between the hidden structure and appearance structure . - (Al - aKhfash) maybe from the (Mu'tazila Mufawadha) , whose say on absolute authorization . - The God justice believe was the obvious reference in instructions of (Al - Zajjaj) of authorization problems in verse of holy Quran which indicate to human will in doing selection . - Some of researchers whose deal with authorization subject mix between the judgment permit and uses permit , (i.e. between the term and general concept ) which guide to acceptance

مقامات السيوطي ت 911هـ : دراسة في ضوء علم النص

Author name: عباس عذيب عبد الله مطير
Supervisor name: كاظم داخل جبير الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The modern era has witnessed great scientific developments and rapid leaps in all fields of science. These developments have been difficult to follow, as the effects of developments in some sciences have been reflected.The science of linguistics as a science science theory has also witnessed many great developments that changed the attitudes of learners and scholars alike, and reflected the effects of other sciences on it, and emerged trends and doctrines and theories - for more than two centuries of time - , including what influenced the historical research, Influenced by natural sciences, and other influenced by the humanities and others.Our research is an attempt to keep abreast of developments in modern and contemporary linguistics, to make use of these developments to identify them, and to apply what suits our Arabic language.We chose to study some of this development, which is the current linguistic lesson, namely the science of the text, which deals with the text as the most comprehensive unit of speech, and the subject we have chosen is "(the mausoleums of Suyuti study in light of the science of text"), (Consistency, Consistency, Conscientiousness, Acceptance, Information, Contextualization and Consistency) The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that these standards are present in the texts of denominations.The research has been joined in three chapters preceded by an introduction and a preface and followed by a conclusion containing the most important findings of the research, and then proved the most important sources of research and review, the preface to the presentation of the concepts of (Maqamat, Suyuti, text science) to reach that the Maqamat is text, The second chapter was the linguistic level (consistency in the denomination), where the textual consistency and its mechanisms were examined on three levels (grammatical, vocal, and lexicon). The second chapter is the semantic level, And semantic relations. The third chapter is the deliberative level (other textual criteria). The study examined the criteria related to the users of the text (the speaker and recipient) namely the intentionality, admissibility, and media, and the criteria related to the external influences, context, Which I have reached : - The referral is one of the most proficient grammar consistency in the text Almqamat, as well as that the conscientious reference was one of the most types of references Roda in these texts is almost without text. - The elements of consistency and harmony have been combined in the construction of the semantic structure of these texts, which led to some kind of analysis in which we can judge them as coherent and coherent texts. - The texts of Maqamat on one level in terms of brevity and redundancy are shortened and lengthened according to the subject of the text and the circumstances in which it was written and the nature of the relationship from the addressee, although the attribute of the tannabis generally appear in the subject of most denominations. - The instability of some of the concepts and terminology in which this study was conducted by researchers or students in the science of text, reflecting the divergence of views of these concepts and the different backgrounds of knowledge of each.

الحجاج في شعر احمد الوائلي == The Argumentation in the Poetry of Ahmed Al - Wa'ili

Author name: صلاح جباري شناوة
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: فان الانسان يسعى جاهدا ليصل الى مكنونات الكلام, وكشف ما غمض منه فتعددت السبل التي اتخذها في بحثه الدؤوب عن المعاني الكامنة فيه, فوضع لذلك المناهج, وصاغ النظريات التي توصله الى المعاني, فكانت هذه المناهج والنظريات تتطور, ويتكئ بعضها على بعض, فيشهد ميدان البحث اللغوي ظهور نظرية بين الفينة والاخرى, قد تفند ما قبلها وتقوم على انقاضها, وقد تبدا بداية غير مسبوقة, ومنهج الحجاج من جملة تلك المناهج التي تصدت لمعرفة المعاني المقروءة, والمكتوبة والمنطوقة, واستطاع الحجاج ان يزاحم المناهج اللغوية, ويثبت لنفسه موطئ قدم بين تلك المناهج؛ لما يمتاز به من رؤية شاملة للخطاب تاخذ جوانب متعددة, وتعتمد القصد الذي يكشف مكنونات الخطاب بعد ربطه بسياق انشائه, زد على ذلك ان الحجاج بذاته متعدد فلا يقتصر على الفلسفة, والمنطق, والقانون, والاعلام فحسب, بل تعدى ذلك ليشمل الخطاب الادبي, واليومي, فاصبح الحجاج منهجا لسانيا تداوليا يمكن تطبيقه على النصوص, وهو من الموضوعات الجديدة في ساحة البحث الاكاديمي اللساني. ولست ازعم ان دراستي رائدة او كان لها قصب السبق في هذا المضمار, بل سبقت بدراسات في هذا المجال, لكن ذلك لايعني انها تكرار لما قدمه الباحثون في هذا المجال فلكل طريقته في عرض موضوعه, ولا انسى ان اشير هنا الى ان دراسة الاستاذ الدكتور عايد جدوع كانت من الدراسات الرائدة في الحجاج والتي كان عنوانها(الحجاج في كلام الامام الحسين عليه السلام), وكانت نعم الاساس المتين الذي نهضت عليه دراستي, وكان له كل الفضل في اختيار موضوع الدراسة وتوجيهي اليه, فكان هذا دافعا لدراسة الموضوع على وفق رؤية تجمع بين التداولية والبلاغة, وكان لتطبيق هذا المنهج على الشعر صعوباته التي طالمراافقت عمل البحث الى نهايته, وكان لهذه الصعوبة حسناتها اذ وجهت البحث الى المزاوجة بين القديم والحديث؛ للخروج برؤية تداولية حجاجية تسهم في فهم الخطاب الشعري, وهذا ما دفع الباحث الى تقسيم البحث على تمهيد, وثلاثة فصول, اما التمهيد فقد انقسم على قسمين كان القسم الاول منه تعريفا بالشيخ احمد الوائلي, اما القسم الثاني فكان تعريفا بمصطلح الحجاج لغة واصطلاحا وتعريفا بنظرية ديكرو للحجاج التي سار عليها البحث, اما الفصل الاول فقد بينت فيه ما للخطاب الحجاجي من بناء في الشكل والادوات, وقسمته على ثلاثة مباحث, المبحث الاول كان عنوانه الروابط الحجاجية, وقد فصلت القول فيه عن الروابط مبينا وظيفتها ودلالتها واثرها في الخطاب, وجاء المبحث الثاني معرفا بالعوامل الحجاجية, ومبينا ما لها من وظيفة حجاجية وهي توجيه الخطاب نحو قصد المتكلم, اما المبحث الثالث فبينت فيه ما للخطاب الحجاجي من استراتيجية في مراعاة المخاطب, والظروف المحيطة بالخطاب اذ تتجلى هذه المراعاة بالتدرج في ايراد الحجج, وكان عنوانه السلالم الحجاجية. اما الفصل الثاني فكان منصبا على بيان ما للحجاج من ارتباط بفعل الكلام فكان عنوان هذا الفصل الحجاج التداولي الذي قسم على ثلاثة مباحث هي : الفعل الكلامي المباشر, والفعل الكلامي غير المباشر, والاستلزام الحواري, واظهر المبحث الاول من هذا الفصل ما تميز به الفعل المباشر من قدرة على الانجاز تمثلت بالصيغ الحرفية المباشرة التي كان المعنى فيها مساويا للمنطوق, اما المبحث الثاني الذي تمثل بالفعل اللغوي غير المباشر فكشف عن القصد الكامن في الخطاب الذي يؤديه المتكلم بصورة غير مباشرة معتمدا على المحتوى القضوي للخطاب, اي ما يفهمه المتلقي من الخطاب على وفق معطيات السياق, وفي المبحث الثالث سلط البحث الضوء على المعنى المستفاد من السياق الذي يمثل شفرة تحلها الكفايات الثقافية, واللغوية لطرفي التخاطب مستندة الى السياق, وهو ما يعرف في الخطاب التداولي بالاستلزام الحواري, اما الفصل الثالث فاضطلع بمهمة كشف الارتباط بين البلاغة والحجاج, فوسمته بالحجاج البياني, اذ تصدره مدخل لكشف العلاقة بين البلاغة والحجاج, ثم تلا ذلك ثلاثة مباحث وهي بمثابة تطبيق لمظاهر الحجاج في ثلاثة اساليب بيانية هي التشبيه, والاستعارة, والكناية, اذ حاول البحث اظهار القصد الكامن في هذه الاساليب, ولم اعتمد المتكلم هذا الاسلوب, او ذاك فجاء تحليل الخطاب على وفق رؤية حجاجية تداولية, تظهر فيها محاولة الالتفات الى بعض الخصائص الحجاجية المتضمنة في الظواهر البيانية, وكشف خصائص كل اسلوب من هذه الاساليب ومدى فاعلية الحجاج فيها, ثم تلا ذلك خاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث.اما المصادر التي اعتمدها البحث فكثيرة ومتنوعة. وما تجدر الاشارة اليه ان ديوان الوائلي الذي يمثل موضوع الدراسة طبع اكثر من مرة وهناك اختلافات بين طبعاته تنوعت بين الزيادة والنقص, فديوان ايقاع الفكر طبع في دار الصفوة, بيروت في عام 2010, لكن هذا الديوان تنقصه بعض القصائد, زيادة على ذلك ان هذه الطبعة احتوت على اخطاء طباعية, اما الطبعة الاخيرة لديوانه فقد صدرت في سنة 2012 بشرح وتدقيق سمير شيخ الارض, وقد ضمت كل قصائد الوائلي بحسب ما ذكره الناشر, وبعد الاطلاع على الديوانين واجراء مقابلة بينهما اثرت اعتماد ديوان الوائلي بشرح وتدقيق سمير شيخ الارض بطبعته الاولى لسنة2012, فقد ضم هذا الديوان كل قصائد الوائلي زيادة على دقة الطبع وقلة الاخطاء. وفيما يخص المنهج الذي اتبعته فهو المنهج الحجاجي, واشير هنا الى ان هذا المنهج لايمكن ان يعالج الخطاب الشعري من دون الاتكاء على المناهج الاخر, فلاستقراء الظواهر الحجاجية لابد من اعتماد المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي للظواهر, واستكمالا للفائدة العلمية, وما اقتضته طبيعة البحث ادخلت المنهج الاحصائي مع المناهج الاخر, فكل الظواهر التي سجلت خاضعة لاحصاء كامل في كل الديوان.ولا يسعني في النهاية الا ان اتقدم بالشكر الجزيل لاستاذي وشيخي الدكتور عايد جدوع حنون, والى كل اساتذتي في قسم اللغة العربية في جامعة المثنى, واسال الله سبحانه وتعالى ان يتقبل عملي هذا باحسن قبول, والحمد لله اولا واخرا وصلى الله على محمد واله الطاهرين | The argumentation is usually dedicated to some recipient whether actual or imaginative, near or faraway. Each argument takes patterns which are different from the patterns of the other arguments. The argumentation is considered as one of the modern linguistic theories which is widely used in this field. The present study is an application of this theory on the poetry of Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'ili whose ideological attitudes were highly reflected in his poems. Also, this study is conducted to immortalize such great persona who defended Islam and the Islamic peoples. The present study composed of a preface, three chapters, and some conclusions. The preface contains two sections in which the former talks about the biography of Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'ili, while the later one treated the definition of argument linguistically and terminologically as well as explaining Oswald Ducrot's theory of argumention which is adopted in this study.Chapter one is concerned with the forms and tools of the argumention. It is divided into three sections : the first section is concerned with the argumentative links showing their semantic and functional effect in discourse. The second section talks about the argumentative elements showing their function in what the speaker means. The third section is concerned with the strategies of the argumentative discourse and the surrounding environment of the argumentative discourse.Chapter two is concerned with the relationship between argumentation and speech acts. It consists of three sections : the first one talks about the direct speech acts and their role in the argumentative achievement, while the second one sheds light on the indirect speech acts and the hidden meaning of a discourse which is performed in an indirect way. The third section is concerned with the conversational Implicature.Chapter three is interested in showing the relationship between argumentation and rhetorics. It also contains three sections showing the applications of argumentation which are the rhetorical devices : simile, metaphor, and euphemism. The current study has concluded the following : • The argumentation in the poetry of Al - Wa'ili was highly related to an event or an important issue.• Al - Wa'ili was very successful in his choice for the argumentative links in which he used each one in its suitable way. • The statistics shows that the poetry of Al - Wa'ili was filled of the poetic images in which he employed the elements of argumentation, the Conversational Implicature, and the speech acts

ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم : دراسة في ضوء علم اللغة النصي == UNIVERSITY OF MUTHANA AYAT AL - FITNA IN Quran Kareem

Author name: صادق ذريع طعمة
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين ، والصلاة والسلام على افصح الخلق وخير من تكلم بلغة الضاد سيدنا محمد وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين ..اما بعد... فعلى من يريد ان يبحر في بحر المعاني القرانية ان يهيء شراعا متينا كي يصل به الى بر الامان وان يكون سابرا لغوره عندما يريد الغوص الى اعماقه ، فلا تتقاذفه امواجه العاتية في غياهب المعاني المتداخلة، وطالما كنت متشوقا الى ان ا كون من الذين يدرسون علومـه ، فشاء الله ان اكـــون من دارسي لغة القران الكريم ،ووقـــع الاختيار على موضوع (ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم /دراسة في ضوء علم اللغة النصي)، متناولا الايات الصريحة للفتنة ،اذ كانت الايات غير الصريحة بالفتنة تقارب السبعين نصا. اما سبب الدراسة النصية ، فهي لما في هذا العلم من مجال رحب للدراسة بحكم موضوعاته المغرية ، فوقع الاختيار على المعايير السبعة لروبرت دي بيوجراند ودريسلر عارضا اياها على ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم ، فهي عرصة تستحق الوقوف عليها كباقي ايات الكتاب العزيز ؛ لما فيها من مفاتن عجيبة ولذائذ غريبة تستدعي القارئ الى المكوث في اروقتها المتشابكة . وقد تضمن البحث تمهيدا واربعة فصول وخاتمة فضلا عن قائمة المصادر والمراجع . اما التمهيد فكان على قسمين : الاول تناولت فتناولت فيه الفتنة في اللغة والاصطلاح ، والثاني : نشاة لسانيات النص ، ونحو الجملة ونحو النص . فيما كانت فصول الرسالة على ثلاثة محاور هي : مايتعلق بالنص وهما الفصلان الاول والثاني ، وما يتعلق بمستعمل النص ومتلقيه ، وهو الفصل الثالث ، فيما خصص الفصل الرابع بما يحيط النص . وكان الفصل الاول قد خصص للاتساق ، اذ قسمته على ثلاثة مباحث، تناولت في المبحث الاول الاتساق الصوتي بعناصره، وهي : الفاصلة القرانية، والجناس، والتوازي. وخصصت المبحث الثاني بالاتساق النحوي، وقد ضم : الاحالة، والاستبدال، والحذف، والربط . وفي الثالث درست الاتساق المعجمي بشقيه التكرير والتضام .اما الفصل الثاني فقد كان من حصة الانسجام ، وقد قسمته على مبحثين تناولت في المبحث الاول العلاقات النصية ، وفي الثاني تطرقت الى علم المناسبة في القران الكريم . وجاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان المعايير النصية التي تتعلق بمنشىء النص ومتلقيه ،وهما القصد والقبول وقسمته على مبحثين : مبحث للقصد ، ومبحث للقبول .اما الفصل الرابع فكان للمعاير التي تتصل بالنص ماديا وثقافيا ، وهي سياق الموقف ، والتناص ، والاعلامية ، وقسمته على ثلاثة مباحث : الاول لسياق الموقف ، والثاني للتناص ، والثالث للاعلامية . وذيلت البحث بخاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث ، واخيرا قائمة بالمصادر والمراجع. اما المصادر التي اعتمدتها الدراسة فشملت كتب التفسير واللغة والنحو والبلاغة وما تيسر من كتب الدراسات القرانية والبلاغية والرسائل الجامعية، ومن الواجب هنا التنبيه على انني اعتمدت في دراستي على كتابين اعتمادرائيسا الاول : النص والخطاب والاجراء لروبرت بورجراند ، والثاني : لسانيات النص مدخل الى انسجام الخطاب لمحمد خطابي . ولم يسلم البحث من وعورة الطريق وعثراتها ، فقد واجه الباحث بعض الصعوبات ومنها : ندرة مصادر هذا البحث الخاصة بالمجال التطبيقي ؛ لكون هذا العلم يحرث ارضا جديدة لم تينع بعد، والتداخل الاصطلاحي والمفهومي بين مصطلحات علم النص ومفاهيمه ، وكيفية التوفيق بينها وتوجيهها الوجه المطلوب كان من ابرز المعوقات في اثناء هذه الرحلة . ويدعوني واجب الاعتراف بالمن ان اقدم وافر الشكر، وجميل العرفان الى استاذي ومشرفي المشرف(الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور صاحب منشد عباس) الذي اقول له بشراك قول رسول الله () "ان الحوت في البحر. والطير في السماء ليصلون على معلم الناس الخير" فله كل الشكر والثناء على ما تحمله من جهد الاشراف على هذا البحث ،وتصحيح عثراتي فيه ،فلم اعدم منه تقويم خطا، وتقديم عون، مع ارشاد الى راي فجزاه الله عني وعن طلبة العلم واهله خير الجزاء.واخيرا… فان الله سبحانه وتعالى كان من وراء توفيقي وسدادي في هذا الجهد الذي غايته خدمة كتابه العزيز، واظهار وجه من وجوه عظمة هذا الكتاب المعجز، فقد كان الله تعالى معنا دائما، يوجهنا بفضله، ونسير على هداه، ونرجو بلطفه ان يسامحنا، فلربما جرنا شطط في تفسير بعض ايات كتابه الكبير، فنشكره شكر الحامدين على هدايتنا ما زالت شمس تشرق على الارض، ونستغفره من سهونا وخطئنا فلا عاصم الا هو، فمنه التوفيق والرضا والمغفرة، وختاما فان قوله تعالى احسن القول | Great thanks to Almighty Allah and peace and prayer upon his passenger, Mohhammed and his household, the kind and pure. Then…The learners had believed in the seventies of the previous century that the limited frame of the sentence must be extended towards the text as a unit . That's why they spoke aloud for the establishment of a new scientific field which studies cases that classic studies couldn’t. This is called "Text Linguistics".In fact, this science had gained my attention since the first year of my study of Master of Arts. To this end, I hoped to study a subject in a new way which different from the classic ones. In this case, the choice was the seven criteria of Robert de Beaugrande to be applied in Ayat al fitna in Quran . I can honestly say that I've faced certain difficulties in this study but I have passed them by the help of God.The study consists of three chapters and an conclusion. The introduction of the study has been divided into two parts : the first one is a biography of the poet while the second included the following : - Fitna linguistics - The Fitna text in lingual lessonThe first chapter deals with three sections. The first one studies the phonetic link by its elements like, parallel, similarity in pronunciation rhyme applied them in Ayat al fitna. The second section deals the grammatical concord which involved substitution, deletion and joining. The third section included the lexical concord in its two types . The second chapter studied the association. This has been divided into two sections. The first section focuses on the textual relations while the second refers to structural text where the single unit is divided in eight themes . The third chapter included four sections. The first one is related to "intention" and "acceptance" while the second is about the situation. In the third section I've studied indication while the fourth one deals with text accordance . The conclusion of the study included the most important results the study has reached at. The last was a list of references.The study has faced certain difficulties. For example, the topic is so modern that there was a big problem concerning references on the applied field.By the way, my gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Jaber Muhsin Aliway for instructive suggestions without him the study cannot reach an end. He always teaches me how to face the questions of pioneers in the field. Lot of Thanks to the great poet, Ahmed Bukheet and miss Maha from Egypt. Deep thanks to the researcher, Mutlak for providing me with certain references. My thanks to all those who helped me to achieve this work. I am eagerly waiting the birth of this little work. Thanks for God .

توظيف الحيوان في كتاب جمهرة الامثال لابي هلال العسكري (395هـ) == Animal Employment in the Arab Proverb In Abi Hillal Al - Askari's (395 A.H.)

Author name: شيماء ابراهيم راضي الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: عامر صلال راهي الحسناوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon our holy prophet Muhammad and his purified progeny.Proverbs acquire their importance from life in their being a legacy for the most touching needs of human nature in most of its ways. As such , the proverb is an ever - lasting monitoring authority in support of idealistic conduct.Believing in the active role of the proverb in improving the framework of life, I have opted for going deeper into the insights of proverbs.The multitude and sequence of studies on Arab proverbs cannot be considered a matter of repetition because each study has its distinctive characteristic from other studies. There are many examples in this regard.Hardly any work is devoid of difficulties facing it; as such one of the difficulties that faced me was how to make the structure as concise as possible which imposed on the researcher much effort concerning the analysis of the proverb in light of the study tools. Furthermore , most proverbs are in the form of "'af'al" which did not go beyond the hyperbole scope in all of them. This has made the researcher concentrate on the lexical meaning of the animal and the situation upon which the proverb is based. As regards the structure of the research , it has been divided into a preface and three chapters and a conclusion.Chapter one has dealt with the lexical function and what has resulted out of it as regards meanings which had an active contribution towards enriching the proverb structure . The chapter has been divided, therefore, into three sections the first of which included the( lexicon of pets) while the second included the( lexicon of birds) and the third section was (lexicon of the animals miscellany) in which is collected all that scattered and could not be compiled within an independent section. Therefore, it has been divided into two sub - sections : the first deals with insects and vermin while the second deals with predators. Chapter two which is entitled( contextual function ) has dealt with the impact of context in firmly fixing the meaning of the proverb and has been divided into two sections . The first section is entitled the ( the influential function) which has dealt with the scope of emotional and behavioral influence as a first step to adjust or change emotions and behaviors in case they are obscene or laying emphasis on what is commendable . Second section has dealt with (reference function) which is concerned with interpretive cases that adopted the first proverb situation as springboard to clarify what comes next . As such the historical aspect has been endorsed as reliable.Chapter three deals with ( textual function) which has also included two sections. Section one deals with (stimulation function) which is used for observing the linguistic styles such as forwarding and postponement , elision and mentioning and relativization and separation ,etc.) which have formed an alarming motive to secure the continuity between the parties of the discourse. The second section entitled the ( aesthetic function) deals with observing the rhetorical elements such as metonymy ,metaphor and simile which have sometimes taken out of personification and materialization an expressive form and out of suggestion and symbol more expressive forms on some other occasions .The research has arrived at some conclusions one of which is that all means of creation have been made available as a result of possessing an abundant language rich in its suggestions which has greatly echoed its indicative objectives in addition to containing some scientific indications that revealed the level of the thinking of the Arabs by then despite the primitive means they had at their disposals.The statistical aspect of the animal utterances has lead us to discover the rationale for the disparity in employing some utterances to the exclusion of others . Thus the pets have been at the forefront at the expense of other kinds in relation to the proverbial indications referring to it . This shows further that the Arabs did not leave a characteristic of relevance until they touched upon it whether explicitly or implicitly. At the end I should express my gratitude and appreciation to my honorable supervisor who guided me to the path of this research.I wish also to acknowledge that all shortcomings and pitfalls are all smy sole responsibility.The closure of our prayers is that all praise and thanks belong to Allah , the Lord of the worlds.

الحقول الدلالية لكلام الامام علي (عليه السلام) في الكافي للكليني ت 328هـ - 329هـ == Semantic Fields of the Sayings of Imam Ali in Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini

Author name: دعاء رهيف لهو الزيادي
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Praise belongs to God, the lord of all being. Blessings and peace be upon the most noble of Messengers, the Prophet Mohammad and on his progeny.Searching in the study of the meaning of the word does not apply unless this word is within a coherent system in a form of a semantic field. It is one of the most important branches of semantics in the modern linguistic studies. It assists to understand the meaning of the word and state its relations and historical development. Therefore, it is among the theories which attract the attention of the researchers, recently, in studying the group of the words that has a similar meaning and put them within a certain linguistic field. The old Arabic scholars identified some of these words but they lack organization and classification and this represented in the method followed by the authors of letters and dictionaries.The proposal of my respected teacher in selecting the title of this thesis concerning the study of " Semantic fields of the sayings of Imam ALI in Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini (died in 328 - 329 H.) has a positive effect on me as it has a rich Quranic impact, Mohammadi heritage, eloquence, and style as well as the rarity of the linguistic studies in Al - Kafi.I have started studying Alawi texts to extract the vocabularies of IMAM ALI (peace be upon him) in particular to convey the sense to the listener. I have depended on the Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini to transmit prophetic texts which is corrected and commented by ALI AKBAR AL - GHAFFARI and the Sheikh MOHAMMED AL - AKHWANDI and the introduction, which consists of eight parts, of Dr. HUSSEIN ALI MAHFOODH.After listing and accounting the vocabularies, I have started to develop a plan for the research in a way that meets its nature and I have relied on the analytical descriptive approach. The study has based upon the vocabularies of IMAM ALI stated in AL - KAFI after accounting and distributing them on main fields divided into semantic sets by themes. If their numbers are even, they will be arranged by alphabetic order. There is a method that I have tried to follow which is the study of the word and extract its linguistic (lexical) reference in the old and modern dictionaries, mention its derivation, follow it historically during different linguistic stages (linguistic, era before Islam and Quranic stages) in order to realize its linguistic development or difference. I, however, didn’t findCthis method in some vocabularies (words), i.e. I didn’t find , as far as I know, any pre - Islamic texts or Quranic texts, therefore, I was motivated to know its lexical reference and mention the word reference in the place it is mentioned in and referring to the difference between lexical and text usages.At the end of the research, I have mentioned the most important results which are : 1 - The study has showed in AL - KAFI Book that Sheikh AL - KULAINI realized the idea of semantic fields even if he didn’t give this well - known term. But is was clear and obvious in his distribution of subjects that he dealt with in his book (ascendants and descendants).2 - Imam Ali's opinion about words semantics affected giving his texts a usage dimension concerning each word. The study has stated the purpose of using words in their texts in particular such as specialty, equality, lacking, preference, honoring and transcendence for his high level of eloquence. So, some words such as God, invocation, mosque, and fasting have represented an important factor in structure to form semantics.3 - Imam ALI relied on the argumentation style in using the Imamate words as it has a powerful and effective impact and convince on the text content, especially depending on eloquence means such as metaphor and metonymy.4 - Imam Ali's usage of words in AL - KAFI showed some semantic phenomena such as the phenomenon of semantic development occurred to words during the three stages (lexical, pre - Islamic era, and Islamic era) such as Mecca, Ramadhan, Crescent, mosque, grave - clothes and others, the phenomenon of semantic approaching between Hebrew language and Arabic language in the meaning of the prophets' names such as Ibrahim, Moses, and David where they considered as Islamic names and the phenomenon of semantic specialty in the words of Mohammed, Hajj and others.5 - Depending on studying Imam Ali's speech, it was clear and obvious that his speech parts ranged between imperative, prohibition, emphasis and his attention to linguistic matters representing in linguistic shift and the appearance of number of collocations such as the month of Ramadhan and our father Ibrahim, and the multiplicity of metaphorical items. And it refers to his language competence and the impact of his words on the language composition concerning Alawi texts is deserved to be quoted.6 - Imam Ali's speech has an important effect on Islamic religion. His speech concerning the society categories represented a social theory for rights of individuals (freemen, slave - men) as well as people with disabilities (palsied and crippled).

خطاب الرؤيا في الشعر العراقي الستيني

Author name: مريم جابر عايش
Supervisor name: علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

المعتمد بن عباد موضوعا (شعريا) بين ابن اللبانة الداني وابن حمديس موازنة فنية == AL - MUTAMAD IBN ABBAD IS A POETIC THEME BETWEEN IBN AL - LABANA AL - DANY AND IBN HAMDIS : A TECHNICAL COMPARATIVE

Author name: خـديـجـة هاشم عــنـون الــعــوادي
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Mutamad Ibn Abbad Al - Ashbely is an Andalusian prince and poet who was possessed by alienation and living away from country. His poetry, which is diverse according to the diversity of its purposes, is characterized by nostalgia plaint, remorse anguish, patience bitterness and friend betrayal. His experience of expatriation was not restricted to his continuous plaint for his homeland but also expanded to include the repetition of this experience as he lost his large homeland (Al - Andalus), he also lost his small homeland (Sevilla) which he ruled a period of time. He returned to suffer from its downfall in hands of enemies. This point is what made other poets including Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly discussed the status of Al - Mutamad as a prince and prisoner. The present study adopts observing, reading and analyzing the presence of Al - Mutamad as a poetic theme in the last poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, which contain in their last part deep humanistic moments experienced by Al - Mutamad who suffered from exile and faced his death as a tragic reality. The experiences of being captured and exiled were the important painful experiences discussed by the two poets in an honest humanistic sense since they represent a pure personal expression shared by another that seemed a viewer establishing a diverse reality not experienced by the self. Presenting Al - Mutamad in this sad experience cannot be considered as a declaration of a specific affiliation which relies on a politic theme to penetrate the text for the purposes of spreading and outgrowing. Pain moments are shorter and deeper than filling their gaps by theorizing and its senseless shapes that cannot originate from the heart and do not harmonize feeling especially when these moments are mixed with a sense of deep alienation as in the experience of Al - Mutamad. Poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, whose essence is Al - Mutamad, are full of pain of Al - Mutamad's last exile which was imposed upon him by capturing. These poems portrayed the sense of death in the poet's strange consciousness who was suffering from two crises : his alienation from homeland as well as his death away from homeland. This explains Al - Mutamad's patriotism and humanity or their mixing together in a tearful poetic voice full of hope which does not appear in a lot of sad scenes during his capturing. The study consists of a preliminary and three chapters. The preliminary deals with Al - Mutamad's life before and during capturing. Chapter one discusses the poetic language and the role of words, structures and discourse with taking into account the sad atmospheres that the poet lived through his exile after capturing with concentration, condensation and brevity. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the poetic images, the use of these images through discussing Al - Mutamad's issue as well as the role of passion and imagination in expressing the issue of the homeland firstly and Al - Mutamad secondly. Furthermore, it deals with Al - Badiaa in their poetry. Chapter three focuses on the rhythm and its role in dealing with the homeland issue and Ibn Abbad between passion and awareness of homeland issue through adopting approaches including narrative and dialogue to reach at a perfect logical vision of the intellectual and psychological dimensions of Al - Mutamad. The most important conclusions the study arrives at are : 1. The prominence of the reforming and moralizing features in poetry of the two poets in the period preceding the state downfall. Those poets had a historical role via directing speeches to people of Al - Andalus in that era. Therefore, their poetry was characterized by adopting prohibition, interrogation as well as appeal styles as linguistic and technical devices to make the idea received by all people not only by a special class of people. 2. Clarity had a special presence among other technical features adopted by the two poets in the phase preceding the state downfall because reforming approach was required for those poets. Their main concern was not only affecting emotions and feelings of recipients through the music of the text but also making the text (their poetry) full of ideas and meanings that could have been written in prose and this feature was embodied in several axes including : the thematic axis in which most ideas and contents seem simple, superficial and free from any depth and do not reveal ideas and meanings in the poet's mind and his ability to portray life. Moreover, in the linguistic axis most words and structures appear in their highest levels of clarity through their pragmatic existence as well as their linguistic relation within the text. Therefore, this feature made poetic sentences close to prose ones except their special prosodic characteristics. Clarity can be considered as a positive feature if another aesthetic features are associated with it as what has been seen in poetry of some poets such as Ibn Zaidoun, Mohammad Ibn Ammar and others whose poetic language was simple, full of expressing musical rhythm and exciting technical images in addition to the clear coherence within the text.3. Some poems of Ibn Al - Labana and Ibn Hamdis before the state downfall were characterized with the prose feature or what is critically known as reportorial feature and this is due to the clarity of ideas and contents firstly and the prominence of rhetoric characteristic with its technical mechanisms including command, prohibition, interrogation and appeal secondly. Additionally, their poetry was full of pragmatically common expressions and some of which were not harmonious metrically and phonetically. All these made their poetry close to prose

اناشيد الطفولة في الـعراق1880م - 1940م : دراسة موضوعية فنية == Children's Songs in Iraq 1880 - 1940 A.D An objective and artistic study

Author name: حسيـــــن عطيـة علوان الس لطاني
Supervisor name: علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The poetic texts that came smooth - spoken out of the mouths of children's song poets to be poured in the ears of our dear children are verily worth of studying and contemplation to explore the contents which they followed in order to nurture our young generations who are considered the basic edifice for each society in terms of spiritual nurturing and a good mentality promoting their thought when young and aiding them in old age.As a result of feeling of the importance of these children's songs for the child's taste and for winning his desire and care, the researcher opted that the topic of the thesis will be (Children's Poetry in Iraq) . But after a discussion with the supervisors and for objective reasons , it has been agreed to have the topic as (Children's Songs in Iraq : an objective and artistic study) which is a part of Children's poetry so that we could shed light on children's songs in Iraq from 1880 - 1940.,to show Iraqi people and the whole nation ,about the pure poets and religious men and feeding parents and linguistics and a group of famous Iraqi poets, for their efforts in poetry concerning national ,religious moral and scientific for new generation and giving high patron ship and pure for proud hearing and know the methods they use for targeted direction .The reason behind our stop for the year 1940 A.D is that; we shoud identify the beginning because it was unknown ,since there were no preceding theses to determind this period,to start from where it had finished,after we had deeply discussed in this thesis ,we should stop in the limit of the aspects which should be very clear,this was because this thesis is the only one in Iraq which is specialized in children's songs,and we put a beginning in the year 1880 A.D,when we calculate sources that fit the requirements for the thesis up to the year 1940 A.D,we stop to the overcoming of the different aspects , because past sixty years enriched the thesis and covered all what we need,if add other information ,there is a need for another thesis, because of the big efforts which were neglected and not studied.There are several reasons make us choose this title ,thus we seek all narrating works written concerning children's songs before weapply for postgraduate study this was the first.Secondly the necessity of revealing and showing in different theses in Iraqi and Arab universities,to know the names of those poets and their efforts in this modern literature which was mentioned previously throughout this thesisThirdly ;knowing their writings and distributions in this literature and their participation with others in editing poetic groups relating to children's songs and their efforts in this fieldFourthly ,attaching senior of the Iraqi children's poets and their verse ,they passes through this verse simply not deeply.in such that one of the famous Egyptian researchers in children's literature (Dr Ahmed Zalad ) could not distinguish the senior between (Al rusafi and Mustafa Jawad) in his thesis in children's literature)( origins, concept ,pioneers)168Fifthly ;necessity of knowing the figures of speech which Iraqi children's poets had deeply discussed and how they make benefit from these styles to serve the new generation and the effort done by each one sixth;Sheding light on the methods of using story , poetic play ,myth ,symbol..as could we get away and would they study these things in their verse during their beginning.Seventh;determine the poetic pioneering for each group pf poets and know the most important artistic criteria Eighth;Explaing the ambiguity for many researchers and university theses and distinguishing between poetry . As such, the thesis has been assigned a preface in which we have studied songsidiomatically and conventionally as well as their roots in Arabic poetry . We have traced the origination in classical Arabic poetry and the development in modern Arabic poetry, and we have discussed the viewpoints of both Iraqi and Arab scholars. We have also uncovered many views that have no tangible reality.Chapter one has been devoted to the origination of children's songs in Iraq and their development in Ottoman and British rule and upon the formation of the Iraqi state till the actual formation down to 1940.Chapter two is about the vision or objective goals where we have studied the enthusiastic, sentimental,educational,sociable,psychological and entertaining goals.Chapter three has been devoted to the technical study in which we dealt with the language of the songs, their forms and music. We have presented a detailed study regarding the musical leadership of the Iraqi poets of children's songs supporting our argument with poetic texts.The research has arrived at the following findings : 1. The people of Iraq being scholars, poets, men of letters and educators had for each of them an initiative and a minaret in the fields of poetry, literature, science, language and art in general. We havenot been motivated to assert this out of prejudice and partiality , rather we have been impressed by the facts of achievement. It has become, therefore, clear for us that they had the leadership in the children's song throughout the whole Arab world and for eighteen good years.2. The efforts of men of religion, linguists , great poets , judges and educators have been exerted to find poetry that was fit for children nurturing their tastes without exhausting them in its reading or its being hard for understanding . All this was around the last quarter of the 19th century A.D.3. Those noble prominent people forced their way to find very short , original and newly - used meters . They were preceded by none to such an extent that their poetic and musical leadership became the model for coming generations and the pole molar around which the songs evolved.4. The first category of the first generation was less varied in topics because it stressed the national, religious and moral aspect while the second category came to complete what the first overlooked. Then the second and third generations came and so on and so forth. They were more open - minded to all constructive topics , contents and noble sublime purposes.5. It has been manifested that more than twenty two works in forms of a single collection of poetry or joint collections have contained more than one hundred and fifty songs . A quarter of this effort has not been achieved by the whole Arab world even after its publication in the Arab journals and papers.6. Great linguists such as Mustafa Jawad and Islamic historians such as Mahmood Al - Mallah and Sheikh Qassim Al - Sha'ar have joined hands with great poets such as Ar - Russafi and the philosopher Az - Zahawi to produce this innovated poetry . This renders invalid the claim that children's poetry attracted only the weak and incapable poets. Rather, the converse was true.7. Reclining on some objective visions (goals) such as the enthusiastic vision in its being the love of homeland was one of the findings in the research. This also includedfeeling proud of self - esteem and the political life in Iraq and urging the people to resist colonialism.8. As far as poetic language is concerned, they laid emphasis in their poetry on war utterances which won the first place . As for the utterances of glory and pride , the word glory has been mentioned eleven times and pride eight times while other words were mentioned in less frequency.9. The poetic images for those pioneers were carefully selected in special spiritand scientifically so that it could be at the disposal of the child's taste. The poets were found to be acquainted with all forms of rhetoric devices.10. As regards the external music, the acatalectic ramalmeteroccupied the first rank followed by the acatalectic rajazandkamilrespectively,while other meters followed them. The rhymes had also similar presencewhere the nun rhyme won the first place.11. For internal music , the alliteration won the first place followed by the repetition.12. As for the methodology ( trends), they touched upon it in a transparent way. They aimed at the deliberate use of educational, social and psychological matters.13. It has become manifest that the vision of the ancient classical poet was different from the modern one according to the environment and culture for each age . The ancient poet wrote for his child while the modern poet looked at the child asan independent entity with capabilities and desires14. Accordingly and as Dr. Omar Ahmed Al - Talib has proved as regards the child's theatre and what the research has proved, the last quarter of the 19th century and specifically the year1880 was the real birth of children's literature in Iraq and the Arab homeland in general under the leadership of Iraqi children's song poets

الاتساق النصي في السور القرانية المستهلة باسلوبي الشرط او القسم

Author name: جبران شاطي معلك الهلالي
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of search is (The Cohesion textuality in the surahs of the Holy Quran initiated by condition or section), and the Cohesion is the sound, lexical, and grammatical relationships and tools that appear on the the text and link the parts and unite their meaning, and is one of the seven criteria set by the Robert de - Beugrand and Dressler which supposed the text to text, and these criteria result from the modern linguistic studies in the 1980s, to bypass sentence and starting to text in linguistic analysis.The choice was some verses of the Quran, the most informed text in existence, are the verses of Quran that starts in two styles condition or section; because these verses starts with tool of cohesion tools, linking two sentences or phrases for each other.The nature of the research required to have three chapters : first chapter (Sound cohesion), and discussing four are : Quranic comma, and paronomasia, syllable parallelism, and intonation, and second chapter (Lexical cohesion), and discussing two : recurrence and the lexical accompaniments, and third chapter (Grammatical cohesion), and It is in three are : reference, ellipsis, and Conjonction. and prior to the introduction, which showed the concepts text and cohesion, and then moved to establish cohesion in some arab heritage, books and followed by a conclusion stating the most important results are : 1 - back to the Finder differencein ratios that means cohesion of precious surahs sample study, reference types, intonation, conjunetion, and tying anniversary, Quranic comma, ellipsis, and Conjonction by condition or section, the contrast, the most visible. and the examples syllable parallelism, and some kinds of paronomasia and recurrence and lexical accompaniments less than its predecessors. While scarce or no examples of antagonism recurrence, and lexical substitution.2 - Meet precious surahs texts - in often - cohesion sound tools and lexicography and grammatical, and more what unified tools consistency per the Quranic comma as a Union, and paronomasia, syllable parallelism, and intonation for example; if anything it shows deliberate expression of the Qur'an in the selection and choice of its text, which gives it high strength in cohesion, make the receiver felt by simply receiving the text.3 - Most precious surahs studied surahs makiah are more verses with limited, and to intensify the idea, and concise wording, and this required purpose which addressed this surahs, it means to confirm the oneness of Allaah, and prove the fact gathering and calculation, reward and punishment, and other things related to the origins of the faith, not the need for redundancy and detail; the Parties means consistency closer together, if not in a single verse in the verses or verses are contiguous; And convergence that makes them more coherence and interdependence, and more reveal the purpose of this surahs.4 - Tools for grammar and coherence means more control and most of the sound and lexical tools, and make sure the reference that more elements of coherence in surahs, especially conscientious, the researcher can hardly find any or devoid of conscience, or the name of the signal, or compare, or the demonstrative pronoun, and this was in all its manifestations : endophora, exophora, anaphora, cataphora, walbadet, tribal, close and distant, in varying proportions.5 - the study proved that the exophora reference transmitting the assignor to the assignee beyond text can lead to cohesion, but provided that the receiver, its cultural inventory, and with the help of the place of revelation, and the circumstances and surroundings, functioning, and so on, to determine this element through which explains the assignor, if this condition exposed the veil which was passing the assignor and consistent text, until the assignee assignor thumb removal cohesion and in difference to what some scholars of this type does not work on text, increased casting so they may be more effective in creating other types of texts to achieve a standard of harmony and the standing, as well as cohesion

الحجاج في ايات الاحكام

Author name: ثائر عمران شدهان الجنابي
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الاتسا ق النصي في خطب واقعة الجمل ورسائمها

Author name: ايمان ورد غالي المشعلاوي
Supervisor name: محمود عبد حمد اللامي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis his concerned with patterns of textual cohesion of a text in reference to the verbal and semantic connections. Accordingly; this cohesion has clear and particular means which represent one of the seventh criteria of a text mentioned by De Beaugrande and Dressler.Some linguistic studies and theories had been emerged in 0891s among which was the theory of textual language of the seventh criteria which called for whole text constitution rather than to individual sentences. . Texts of Al - Jemel Battle Speech and Theses have been chosen as the sample of the study. Scientific curiosity to notify the modern theory constitutes the main reason behind this study for the purpose of practical investigation. Hence these texts have their special features as being remonstrated being a part of linguistic remonstrating. As a matter of fact the study has divided into three chapters and each divided into sections. Chapter one is about the phonetic cohesion which includes three sections; rhymed prose‚ alliteration and solmization. Chapter two deals with lexical cohesion in the form of repetition and lexical compactness. Chapter three is to consider the syntactical cohesion where three sections are presented; transformation, elision and connection. All of these chapter have been preceded by an introduction and prelude where sentence and text syntax and their differences have been referred to. The subject of context and its function of textual context have also been considered. Moreover, the role of speech, speaker, listener and theirroles throughout the process of textual cohesion to the text is considered via the most related references. The study comes to the conclusion that the element of cohesion and different in their presentation, and the most influential part the sample of the study as a part of the syntactical text. In the same time; it is worth to mention that elements are quite lacking due to insufficient usage.

المرويات السردية في التذكرة الحمدونية : دراسة في الانواع والبناء == The Narrative novels in Hamdonias remembrance A case study in kinds and constructions

Author name: ماهر حميد عبد الزيادي
Supervisor name: شيماء خيري فاهم الشباني
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Arab narrative has recently attracted the attention of Arab scholars and scholars; it is an integral part of the Arab heritage in general, which represents the identity of the nation, with its values and ideas, which have been based on different formats according to the number of writers and writers, each according to their own subjective tendencies and ideology.To the achievement of his existence through self - criticism and the other; which drew the attention of many writers, critics and scholars because of its special impact in the Arab cultural circles have tried to reveal it and removed the ambiguity on the part of the representative narratives, which arrived through the books Encyclopedic and non Here are the books of literature And the old Arabic works, they contributed to the reading and analysis of many narratives narratives and take them to the literary arena where naturalization and classification and analysis after it was forgotten, to take its place in the real lesson in Arabic, especially the narrative, because of its importance and impact in literary studies and contain many of Realistic elements derived from the everyday reality of society in general .But despite this interest from researchers, there are still many of these narratives, which were formed by meeting literary blogs that have not reached the hands of researchers yet. This is why I suggested to my professor, Dr. Shaima Khairi, a topic in this context. The choice was made for (the narrated narratives in the Hamdooni ticket - a study of species and construction) to be the subject of my message .This is what led us to read the narrative narratives in the book of the ticket and read the analysis of the structural analysis based on the interpretation that was found in order to explain the existence ( 1 ) , which we found an integral part of the narrative fabric of narrative narratives, and whether the historical narrative is a way to deliver knowledge, or Which tries to portray social reality in all its dimensions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the literary genres and their literary characteristics, and to study them according to the structural approach, especially the structural. See : Presence, Time and Narration - Paul Ricour's Philosophy : 31 ( 1 )AbstractBstructure, which, with the benefit of other modern monetary methods The statistical method used by the researcher to explain how Ibn Hamdoun used his narrative narratives to employ literature after revealing the extent of the large disparity between the types of each species. This indicates his literary orientations (Monetary), which enabled us to reveal the literary system in the Code of Hamdonia, which sees the search that they are cohesive cultural relations, it was one of the treasures of the ancient Arab heritage; because of the value of literary and monetaryThus, the nature of the study necessitated the division of the research into three chapters, preceded by an introduction and an introduction. The portal was devoted to showing the overlap of the literary genres and the difference between sex and gender.The first chapter deals with the study of narratives and types of narratives, after it was divided into four sections. The first of them concerned the genus of the news and its origin, and it was based on seven axes that dealt with the types of news contained in the book of the ticket such as literary, We have tried to distinguish between the new species according to the structural modulations of each type, after identifying their species and classifying their types. The second topic : We followed the rare species with a statement The boundaries between them and the news depending on the number of features that belong to each gender, and was on four axes, where we discussed the types of sex rare as they appear in the ticket where the different types (social, political, religious, and nationality), with a statement in these types of And the third topic : it came on the seven axes we touched on the gander of the story and its various types was talk about (literary story, interpretation, historical, comic, and imaginary (strange) and imaginary (Wonder) and predictive (sleep), and the fourth and last He was interested in paradise Other narratives are particularly gander established and the literature of the journeyAfter this was done, the researcher moved in the second chapter : to study the components of the narrative configuration to discuss how the formation of these narratives of the narrative, with a statement of the difference between the components of narrative formation, and elementsAbstractCof narrative construction, came on four questions also, And the other components, such as the initiation which came in the second subject, while the third topic : interested in the formation of poetry and its role in the construction of narcotic narratives, and the fourth topic : I have concluded the conclusion. We have attempted in this four detective to reveal the role of each component depending on the nature of narrative formation and the role it performs within the narrative text .As for the third and last chapter, he focused briefly on the study of the elements of narrative construction, and he had to be on four topics as well. The first topic dealt with the event and the method of its construction in all the narrators. , After which comes the third topic : which was the share of time after we tried to go back where the past and read it in order to understand the social reality and the conflicts in order to exist, The fourth topic : was focused on studying the place and types contained in the ticket, Its role in additionto other elements in building For the narrators of the narrative .Thus, by analyzing all narrative narratives, the researcher was able to expose the social reality and what was happening in it to the exclusion and marginalization of its members who do not have the ability to confront the authority and its authoritarian regime. This clearly shows us the interest of Ibn Hamdoun in the issues of society and what he suffered after He tried hard to find the appropriate solutions to her, in different literary ways and disadvantages represented in his literary output, which reached us in the form of a literary code that is marked by a Hamdonian reminder, from here we can discern the relationship of literature to society.Then the study concluded with the most important results reached by the researcher after studying the descriptive levels and types in the book Hamdronia ticket.Here we must mention several things : 1 - This study must have been recognized thanks to the previous studies of the book of the ticket Hamdonia, which are three only, and the first is entitled : (literary and monetary value in the book Hamdonia - descriptive study, researcher (Marilyn Awad Allah), and the second came under the title The first one was about the life of the writer and the nature of hisAbstractDwriting of the book of the ticket. The researcher presented a general description of the book with an indication of the sources of the writer, as well as Dara His life and his effects with Statement of causes and motives of authorship. While the second study talked about the rare sources, and its relation to the doors of the other books, as well as the study of the nature of the formation of rare as long and short and others, as well as studying the language and style with reference to the life of the writer. As for the last study, the researcher focused on the nature of the method followed by Ibn Hamdoun in his writing of the book, and soon went to the statement of the manifestations of the pilgrims in all the prose texts. In addition, the study, entitled "The Book of the Literary Ticket, A Study in the Methodology and Monetary Phenomena", was presented tothe researcher Marwa Abdul Khaleq. The researcher presented Ibn Hamdoun's curriculum in his book after she gave us a nearly complete description of the chapters and chapters of the book.This led us to dispense with the study of the life of the writer and the nature of his method of writing in addition to the reasons and motives that were previously included in the introduction to his book.2 - This study focused on the study of literary species under four literary genres represented the main pillars of the book of the ticket, after we have taken a lot of standard criteria for study, namely : (news, and rare, and the story, and the establishment, and the literature of the trip), with the presence of other races came scattered In the whole book, such as speeches, debates, letters, and correspondence, sermons can not be studied in narrative. They lack many of the narrative elements, as well as their basic purpose, which is the purpose of the sermon. The other three races did not constitute a prominent feature in the book of the ticket can be studied in a particular subject, it came in a few percentages can not be studied.3 - We did not translate the names of the flags mentioned in the letter; for two reasons, one : the fame of these characters and the knowledge of the recipient of the most, and the second : is the large number of these characters was the translation to them to weigh the margins and increase the many.

المراة في ادب ميسلون هادي الروائي : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية

Author name: حميد عبيد جبار العسكري
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The world of novelist Michelle Hadi is crowded with women, and this remarkable presence of woman is a phenomenon that has imposed itself on the literary scene. It was the reason for the study to follow the writer's novelist output, to examine the images of woman in it and to show her suffering, concerns and conflict. The study examines women's literature in the literature of women's conflict with the continent's cultural patterns for the purpose of self - affirmation and the realization of women's identity. In Cultural Patterns, the study sought to trace the novels of the writer from the first novel (The fatal mistake, 1/1/1992 to the last novel by Jano Ant Hakayti, I, 2017). The study adopted the method of cultural analysis. Cultural analysis focuses on understanding the literary textwithin its historical context, not as a historical document but rather as an aesthetic and formative structure. It follows the narrative phenomena and returns them to the components With the use of interpretive on the embedded patterns and their connection to the cultural product. The study came in three chapters preceded by an introduction and a preface entitled (Woman is a topic in the Iraqi women's novel), which touched on a series of novels that dealt with the status of woman as champions and studied issues related to woman. The first topic is a conflict with masculinity, which is divided into two axes : First, undermining woman and addressing two issues : marginalization of woman and defamation of woman. The second section deals with the conflict of self, the internal struggle of woman (psychological), while the third topic deals with the conflict with cultural references, customs and traditions. The second chapter deals with (the types of dominance of woman in the narrative text ) and this presence represented images produced by the texts studied The study focused on three images and found them are the most prominent among the rest of the images, making three of them dealt with the first section of educated woman and movement in the community, which was limited to the view that the body without a mind, and studied the multiple images of educated women to show the error of male culture in this aspect, And me The second topic is the mother woman and her role in the family. The mother's image emerged in a number of novels after the division of the subject into the real mother and the alternative mother. In the third chapter, entitled Women and Critical Issues, the chapter tackled the relationship of women to fateful issues (war, religion, homeland), in which three subjects studied woman and war; The third topic deals with the woman's relationship to the place where she lives, and the subject will be long at the narrative place represented by the country. The study concluded with the most thank my mentor Dr. Fawzia Laius Ghazi Al - Jabri for her acceptance of the supervision of my letter, and for her sincere and honest effort. I was overwhelmed by her knowledge and thanks. She presented me with the summary of her experience in the criticism of the novel through her valuable monetary observations. If it were not for this work, she has all the thanks and gratitude

الرسائل الشعرية عند احمد شوقي : دراسة موضوعية فنية == The poetic Messages of Ahmed Shawqi A technical - Subjective Study

Author name: فردوس نعيم عبد الحسين الظالمي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The research is specialized to study the poetic messages of Ahmed Shawqi by analyzing and artistic - subjective study. The main aim is to consider the value of these messages and their qualities in reference to the rest of his poetry as well as to determine the rate of innovation and creativity of their purposes, recipients and the level of reflection to Shawqi’s time and environment where he lived and transferred throughout various locations that had a great influence upon his messages. Accordingly, each stage had its own special messages to express the fact of these messages. The study is built on an introduction to review previous studies to be followed by a prelude including the general meaning of the message as well as the particular meaning of that poetic message together with the concepts of symbol, date of issue, motivation, criterion, condition and types. The subjective study is to be followed into two chapters. The first is the messages of the social occasion and Brotherhood to be presented into three parts i.e. the messages of Condolence and lamentation, the messages of Congratulations and finally the less common messages of Home Nostalgia, caresses, apology and thanks.In reference to the second chapter, it is worth to mention that the idea of classicality and creativity is highly investigated into three parts i.e. the messages of wisdom performed by animals, the messages of wisdom that intertwined between the poem and the independent wisdom, and finally the messages of social affairs. The third chapter includes studying of artistic image such as analog, patronymic and symbolic.The poetic language has been investigated in chapter four which consists of two parts; the first deals with articulation whilst the second deals with syntheses.Finally, it is to demonstrate the main achieved results to be followed by references and bibliographies

اسس المعــجــــم القـــــرانـــــي والياتـــــه في كتب معاني القران حتى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري == Fundamentals and Mechanisms Of Quranic Lexicon in the Books Of Quran lnterpretation Until the End of the Fourth Century Hijri

Author name: زينب خليل عطية
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

التوجيه الصوتي للقراءات القرانية عند السمين ت 756 هـ في كتابه عمدة الحفاظ في تفسير اشرف الالفاظ

Author name: احمد هادي جاسم
Supervisor name: احمد حسين عبد السادة
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Quranic readings are considered to be one of the most important sciences due to the fact that the sciences have so many subjects and distinguished by its researches and issues. The subjects of Quranic readings are from Quran and the ways of its performance .Al - Sameen Al - Halabi was a famous figure in the linguistic and interpretation heritage. He is one of our scientists, who left a great heritage to be benefited by the scholars after his death. He was a linguist, interpreter, and prominent grammarian due to his two great books that are considered to be his most famous ones.The researcher’s thesis is (Sounds Directions of the Quranic Readings in Al - Sameen Al - Halabi's The Basis of Conservation in Interpreting the most honourable Words) . It is chosen by the researcher for some reasons : Joining between Quranic readings and Al - Sameen Al - Halabi, the researcher claims that those who have written about Al - Halabi did not cover the search about morphological direction and when reading the book, he or she will feel that Halabi is a great linguist in Arabic language and has a deep sight.The paper has three chapters preceded by brief preface followed by brief conclusion. The preface has Halabi’s perspective ofBQuranic readings and his methodology in directing it. Chapter one includes replacement in vowels and voiceless sounds. This chapter also includes two parts : the first one is replacement in vowel sounds and joins the replacement of the sound (al - dhad to al - sad and vice versa), the sound ( al - ghain to al - ain), the sound (al - qaf to al - fah), the sound (al - bah to al - tah), the sound (al - sad to al - seen), (al - bah to al - thah), the sound (al - hah to al - jeem), and the sound (al - thal to al - dal). The second is the vowel sounds which joins replacement (al - fatha to al - kasera),(al - dham to al - fatha), (al - kasera to al - dham), (al - dham to al - fatha), (al - fatha to al - kasera) and (al - fatha to al - dham). Chapter two is about weighting and mitigation. It also includes two parts : the first one is weighting and joining it to vowel and voiceless vowels and the second is mitigation and joining it to vowel and voiceless sounds. Chapter three is about al - hamza and its facilities. Also, it has two parts : the first one is achieving al - hamza, obligatory, optional hamza and exceptional hamza and the second tackles facilitating al - hamza and facilitating al - hamza by deleting. The paper ends with a conclusion that sums up the findings.The researcher has faced some difficulties such as difficulty in phonological direction sometimes, not all Halabi’s readings are directed phonologically that is why the researcher

المركز والهامش في الرواية النسوية العراقية 2003 - 2010 == Center and margin in the Iraqi feminist novel 2003 - 2010

Author name: ابتهال كاظم احمد الطائي
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Al-Muthanna University - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

كتاب الخط لابن السراج

Author name: خولة صالح حسين
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Tikrit University - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:

خصائص الاسلوب في كتاب الذخائر والاعلاق في اداب النفوس ومكارم الاخلاق لابي الحسن سلام بن عبد الله الباهلي الاشبيلي (ت544هـ) == The Style Characteristics in Al Thekha'ir we Al A'ilaq Book In Conducting Spirits and Supreme Behaviors by Ibi Al Hassan Bin Abdullah Al Bahili Al Ashbili(born 544 H.)

Author name: ضياء ريحان منشود كاغد السعيدي
Supervisor name: علي كاظم محمد علي المصلاوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The current study tries to analyze one of the Andalusia book that was written by a literary man from the sixth Hijri century. Importance of this book belongs to its representation of prose and poetic effort that enriches the Andalusia library with literary texts that have religious, cultural, ethical, and educational references. These senses guide the human spirit to the virtue. The book consists of fourteen axes, each one of them implies virtuous characteristics. The reason behind choosing this topic is to survive the Andalusia literature and to shed the light on its artistic and intellectual aesthetics. Studying the book required the following. The preface which gave a definition for the book and a definition of" Al Thekha'ir we Al A'ilaq" book to conducting spirits, supreme behaviors, and style and stylistics. The first chapter contains four phonological sections. These are rhyme, alliteration, repetition, and obliging what is not obligatory. The second chapter has three constructional sections. These are interrogative, ordered composition, and objective style. The third chapter contains three sections. These are the cultural references, eloquence, and the contrast. Finally, there is the conclusion that implied the most significant results obtained from those chapters. It was followed with a list of references and bibliographies that were consulted throughout the study. One of the results that the researcher concluded in this study that" Al Thekha'ir we Al A'ilaq" book was full of rhetorical arts, constructional styles, and eloquence arts that the writer exploited to express his intentional references

الدرس البلاغي في العراق في العصر الحديث

Author name: عبد الحسن علي مهلهل السهلاني
Supervisor name: قصي سالم علوان الجلبي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المكان في شعر شعراء الطبقة الرابعة الاسلاميين == The Place where the poets of the Islamic fourth class

Author name: هدير ضياء حسين الموسوي
Supervisor name: حسن حبيب عزر الكريطي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of the research is the place where the poets of the Islamic class are Nahshl bin Harri and Hamid bin Thor and Ashb ibn Rumailah Al - Nahli and Omar bin lajaa' The focus was on studying the place because of its importance in highlighting the aesthetics of the text and being the vessel in which the poet empties the events of his poem The subject was chosen by my teacher Dr. Hassan Habib Al - Kraiti and was approved by the Department of Arabic Language Faculty of Education for Humanities. For the the curriculum of the study I have adopted the technical approach and through what is evident in the text of the implications and relationships despite the differences between the four poets, but it was pouring into one river which is their interest in placeThe research came in introducing the approach of the concept of the place where the language and terminology and the relationship of man and poet with the place. The chapters were entitled the familiarity of the place and hostility and the first topic is the place where the poet relax and be positive while the second section is hostile place that does not fit the requirements of man The second chapter is the psychological dimensions of the place and divided into the first topic is alienation and the second section nostalgia This chapter revolves around the emotions raised by the place in the poet , The third chapter was the imagined place and the first section includes the place in memory and the second study the moral place that indicates the social status and the third It is a picture of the place and includes metaphor and symbol, then an ending that includes the most important conclusions of the research

التعليل النحوي في كتاب اعراب ما يشكل من الفاظ الحديث النبوي للعكبري (ت 616 هـ)

Author name: حيدر حمود عبد الامير الاسدي
Supervisor name: خالد عباس حسين السياب
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تسنيم في تفسير القران للشيخ عبد الله الجوادي الاملي - دراسة في ضوء لسانيات الخطاب == Tasnim in the interpretation of the Koran to Sheikh Abdullah Al - Jawadi - study in the light of linguistics discourse

Author name: مصطفى زهير جواد
Supervisor name: علي جاسم سلمان
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study dealt with the code of tasneem (a spring in paradise) in the interpretation of the Quran by sheikh Abdullah al - jawadi al - amali and studied it in the light of the linguistics of the discourse. The researcher found no correlation between the tasneem code and the results of modern linguistics. In particular linguistics discourse. The latter was divided into the three chapters preceded by the preliminary and a conclusion that included the most important findings of the research. The first chapter was titled "the linguistics of speech and creation". It included three topics. The first dealt with the concept of discourse in the Arab culture, the second addressed the discourse the discourse in the western culture, and the third, the tributaries of the linguistic discourse and its most important approaches.The second chapter titled "role of the context in the formation and understanding of the discourse" included four topics, the context of its development, its section and its control, and the role of the context in the formation of the discourse, while the third highlighted the role of the context in understanding the discourse. The third chapter was entitled "harmony in the Qranic discourse". The chapter was based on four chapter as in the previous. The first came as a solution to the harmony in the waste and Islamic blogs. Consistency between the latter of the quran. On the basis of the research on his journey from sources and references, he was headed by sheikh al - amali as the subject of the research and then the tributaries of the research varied between the books of interpretation and the principle of jurisprudence (the science or Jurisprudence of law) and many of the library of modern linguistics.

افعال الكلام في ديوان الشهيد محمد ال حيدر == speech acts in the diwan of Mohammed Al Haider, the martyr.

Author name: احمد تيمور فليح
Supervisor name: صبيحة حسن طعيس
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis deals with the( speech act theory) as the most prominent theories that emerged in the (pragmatics). this theory, founded by the philosopher of the language of Austin and developed by his pupil John Searl, and this theory deals with the achievement of the sentences and words after the pronunciation.The Office of the (diwan of Mohammed Al Haider, the martyr) was chosen as an Arabic literary text in order to explore the achievements in the poetic texts it contains.This study was preceded by three chapters and a conclusion.The introduction of its two articles is important and is closely related to this study.The( first topic) dealt with the life of the poet Sheikh Mohammed Al - Haider, who is the author of the texts in question.The (second section) of the preface provides a brief theoretical introduction to the syntactic and theological aspects of speech.(Chapter I) with his articles dealing with (assertives) and (declrations).The second chapter deals with the (directives) and the (commissives).The third chapter dealt with (expressives) in social and psychological sections.The conclusion included the most prominent findings in this study.The list of sources and references relied upon in this letter was followed

توظيف الموروث الثقافي في عهد بني الاحمر (635هـ - 897هـ) : دراسة تحليلة == Employment of cultural Heritagein era of Bani Ahmarr (635 - 897AH

Author name: خيرية ياور محمود السوره ميري
Supervisor name: ندى عسكر محمود
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Arab presence had a great impact on the Andalusian society, which differed from the oriental society in their aspects of life (religious, cultural, social). The eastern cultural influence contributed to the development of civilization in Andalusia, beginning with the period of the Emirate and the subsequent era. In view of the long period of time of this era, we decided to devote a study to show the influence of the Oriental cultural heritage on Andalusia. This research has been divided into three units and the beginning is : The preface is a definition of heritage and an introduction to the Andalusian society in the era of Bani - Al ahmerr and addressed the religious, political and cultural aspeects. The first unit was devoted to the religious heritage and included two sections, the first of the Qur'an and its stories, the second of the Prophet's Hadith and the impact of each of them in the Andalusian prose texts. The second unit is the literary heritage in which there are three topics and dealt in the first subject letters Andalusian, and the second section al maqama of Andalusian or the third section was for rhetoric and excluded from this chapter literature trips and governance and proverbs of the research plane The third unit was for the technical study, in which the first three aspects of the structural performance of the syntactic sajaa, jenass , Tekrar) ) The study concluded with a of Abstract the most important results, a list of sources and references and a summary of the study in English.

السبك النصي في كتاب اخلاق الوزيرين لابي حيان التوحيدي (ت400هـ) == The cohesion in AKHLAK ALWAZIRYN by Abu Hayyan Altawhidi (400 AH

Author name: حسين ثائر عبد الحميد
Supervisor name: ايثار شوقي سعدون
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study deals with the concept of textual cohesion and its importance in the harmony of speech as a criterion of textual coherence developed by Robert de Bogrand and the discovery of the means used by this criterion in its various types in order to study how the elements are interlinked within the text. And the application of this approach to the book (the ethics of the two ministers) of Abu Hayyan Tawhidi (d 400 AH), an important heritage text belongs to the fourth century AH. The study followed the descriptive approach and applied analysis in order to study the texts of the heritage according to a modern approach and to reach the compatibility of the text of the monotheistic with this approach. This study was based on the reasons for its selection, objectives, scope, methodology and sources, as well as a preface, four chapters and a conclusionThe preface, entitled "The Textual cohesion and the Ethics of the Two ministers", dealt with a historical background on the progress of language studies and their transition from the sentence phase to the text, and then we discussed Abu Hayyan al - Tawhidi, on the aspects of his life, his death, his growing up and his most important works .The first chapter and its title (reference in the book of ethics of the two ministers) shed light on the concept of reference in theory and practice on the texts of the bookThe second chapter was titled (linking in the book of ethics of the two ministers) and dealing with the various means of linking, such as grammatical cohesion, bifurcation, the identification, which follows to show their importance in the fabrication of text and its parts.The third chapter titled (ellipsis and substitution in the book of ethics of the two ministers) showed the importance of these two topics in shortening texts, its cohesion and collideness .Then we have followed the previous three chapters with the fourth chapter which is titled (lexical cohesion in the book ethics of the two ministers), which included repetition of the types and the collaction whom we explained through the basic function that they perform within the texts of TawhidiAfter the completion of these four chapters, we concluded with a epilogue which we detected in the most important results that emerged from this study, the most important of which is the detection of the tawhidi's ability to employ the mechanisms of cohesion in its texts, with the result of cohesion and harmony formally and symbolically. Accompanied with a list containing the sources and references from which the study benefited

الانساق الثقافية فـي كتاب الامتاع والمؤانسة لابي حيان التوحيدي (ت 414هـ) == Cultural Systems in the Treatise ' Alimta' Walmu'anasah by Abu Hayyan Al - Tawhidy (d.414 A.H

Author name: نجلاء احمد حسن
Supervisor name: بيداء محيي الدين
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The subject matter of the present research is the cultural systems in 'Alimta' Walmu'anasah' by Abu Hayyan Al - Tawhidy who died in the year 414 A.H. The cultural systems are studied through the distinguished treatise 'Alimta' Walmu'anasah' which may be deemed as an old Arabic narrated heritage because it is looked upon as a book reflecting the Arabic ideological heritage. In accordance with this standpoint, this research is laid out as follows : The Introduction defines the terminology, namely 'Cultural Criticism' and the idea of ' Cultural Systems'. The First Chapter studies the societal systems.It falls into the following sections : 1 - The attitude towards the marginalized gender.2 - The societal attitude towards the Dhimmis.3 - The rise of the peripheries and the retreat of the centre. In Chapter Two, we tackled the underlying arguments in the following topics : power struggle; the passion/ reason conflict; rhetoric and science monopoly. The title of Chapter Three is the authority and the intelligentsia where we studied the influence of the intellectuals and authority, and the ideological orientations in 'Alimta' Walmu'anasah' Finally, the research outlines our conclusions and gives a bibliography. We note that the scarcity of references has hindered our study to a certain degree. Finally, I register my sincerest thanks and gratitude to my dear supervisor and all my professors in the department.

الاعجاز البيانــــي فـــي السور المثانــي : دراسة بلاغيــــة == Miracles statement in the verses of the muthani A rhetorical study

Author name: نوري عبد الحسن حميدي
Supervisor name: رحاب لفتة حمود الدهـلكي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله الذي انزل القران، وعلم البيان، وجعله حجة على الانس والجان، والصلاة والسلام على افصح من نطق بالضاد، رسول رب العباد، محمد المصطفى، وعلى ال بيته الاطياب، الذين اذهب الله عنهم الرجس، وجعلهم عدلا للكتاب، وعلى اصحابه الذين كانوا معه اشداء على الكفار رحماء بينهم، والذين جاهدوا معه في الله حق جهاده وما بدلوا تبديلا.اما بعد : فان علم البلاغة من اجل العلوم المتصلة بكتاب الله عز وجل، فبه يعرف اعجاز القران، ويكشف عن سحر البيان.ولما كان القران بحرا لا يدرك غوره، ولا تنفد درره، ولا تنقضي عجائبه، كان شرفا لكل باحث ان يقف في ظلاله، وينضوي تحت لوائه، باحثا عن اسرار بيانه، وروعة نظمه، وسحر تعبيره.ومن هذا الباب احببت ان الج في دراسة بيانه المعجز، متوكلا على الله عز وجل اولا، ومستنيرا باراء العلماء ودراساتهم قديما وحديثا ثانيا، اذ كان لما قدمه الرماني(ت : 384ه) في رسالته (النكت في اعجاز القران)، وما كتبه عبد القاهر الجرجاني (ت : 471ه) في كتابيه (دلائل الاعجاز) و(اسرار البلاغة)، وما اشار اليه الزمخشري (ت : 538ه) من فنون بلاغية جمة في كشافه، وما الحقه المحدثون، كسيد قطب في كتابه (التصوير الفني في القران)، والعلامة ابن عاشور في تفسيره الرائع (التحرير والتنوير)، وما جاء في دراسة المعاصرين، كالدكتور محمد حسين علي الصغير في كتابه (اصول البيان العربي في ضوء القران الكريم)، والاستاذ جعفر الحسيني في كتابه (اساليب البيان في القران) الاثر الكبير في توجيه هذه الرسالة واخراجها تحت عنوان(الاعجاز البياني في السور المثاني) وان كان هذا العنوان اكبر مما يستحقه جهدي، وتستطيعه قدرتي، ولكن الذي شجعني على ذلك امور عدة منها : 1 - اهمية هذه الدراسة؛ كونها دراسة قرانية.2 - وفرة المصادر والمراجع المتعلقة بالموضوع.فضلا عن الحب الذي اكنه لهذا البيان الرائع والمعجز، بيد ان الامور التي شجعتني هي نفسها اصبحت معوقات او مشكلات للدراسة؛ لان كثرة الدراسات التي تناولت البيان القراني، جعلتني اقف طويلا، واتامل كثيرا حتى ابتعد عن الدراسات التقليدية، واخرج بدراسة تتصف بالجدة؛ لاني لا ادعي ان هذا الموضوع بدع في مجال الدراسات البلاغية القرانية؛ فكثير من الباحثين سبقني الى مثله؛ ولكن الذي يجعلني اشعر بجدة هذا الموضوع واصالته امور عامة وخاصة، اما العامة، فيمثلها القران الكريم اذ لا يزال - وسيبقى - بحاجة الى مزيد من الدراسات والبحوث التي تهدف الى الكشف عن اسراره، ووجوه اعجازه، وسمو اساليبه، واما الخاصة، فتمثلها السور المثاني؛ كوني لم اجد دراسة خاصة بها، الا ما ذكرته بعض كتب علوم القران، وكتب التفسير في تحديد مفهوم المصطلح، من دون ان تبين عددها او اسماءها - ولكن يبقى لهذه الكتب الفضل الكبير في توجيه دراستنا - فضلا عن ذلك، اني حاولت جاهدا ان اضفي على الدراسة شيئا من الجدة في تلمس النصوص القرانية وتذوقها من خلال ابراز القيمة الفنية والجمالية المتاتية من الدقة في اختيار الالفاظ، ومدى تناسقها وتلاؤمها مع المعاني التي يسعى النص لابرازها، بطريقة مبتكرة وموجزة تسحر وتبهر، ثم تعجز متلقيها، فعمدت بذلك الى المنهج التحليلي، اذ رايته كفيلا ببيان روعة النصوص القرانية وجماليتها؛ كونه يمثل منهجا شاملا يعتمد على كل ما يمكن ان يدخل في فهم النص القراني، فهو يهتم بارجاع الجملة الى عناصرها، ويبين اجزاءها المكونة لها، ووظيفة كل منها، والتعرف على انواع العلاقات بين مفرداتها، فضلا عن انه يحمل الباحث على التفكير والتامل في النصوص، وهذا خير مكان لظهور شخصية الباحث، ومعرفة ما يمتلك من قدرات تحليلية للنصوص القرانية المعجزة.فجاءت خطة البحث مقسمة على ثلاثة فصول وخاتمة، يسبقهما تمهيد ضم جانبين، عني اولهما بدراسة مفهوم (الاعجاز البياني)؛ كونه يمثل الركن الاول من ركني العنوان.واهتم الثاني بدراسة مصطلح (السور المثاني)، بغية الوصول الى عددها واسمائها؛ كونها تمثل المادة الاساسية لموضوع الدراسة.اما الفصل الاول فكان بعنوان : (التشبيه في السور المثاني) اذ تضمن اربعة مباحث، تناولت في اولها اسلوب التشبيه وتطور دراسته تاريخيا تحت عنوان : (التشبيه عند علماء البلاغة) في حين جاء المبحث الثاني تحت عنوان : (التشبيه والاعجاز) وتضمن ثلاثة مطالب، عنيت بابراز التناسق المعجز بين اللفظ والمعنى، وبين المشبه والمشبه به، وبين اجزاء الهيئة المشبه واجزاء الهيئة المشبة بها.اما المبحث الثالث، فجاء بعنوان : (من وجوه التشبيهات المعجزة) محللا ومتاملا في ثلاثة مطالب هي : (التشبيهات الموجزة) و(التشبيهات المبتكرة) و(التشبيهات التشريعية).وختم الفصل بمبحث رابع بعنوان : (في اقسام التشبيه) معتمدا في تقسيمه على طرفي التشبيه (المشبه والمشبه به) الذي حتم على البحث دراسة ثلاثة مطالب هي : (من حيث مادتهما) و(من حيث افرادهما وتركيبهما) و(من حيث تعدد طرفي التشبيه).وجاء الفصل الثاني بعنوان : (التعبير الاستعاري في السور المثاني) ليضم ثلاثة مباحث، اولها : عني بدراسة مفهوم الاستعارة، وانواعها، وعلاقتها بالاعجاز، تحت عنوان : (الاستعارة حدها - مفهومها - انواعها - علاقتها بالاعجاز).اما المبحث الثاني، فكان بعنوان : (التشخيص في السور المثاني) وتضمن ثلاثة مطالب هي : (تشخيص المحسوسات) و(تشخيص المعنويات) و(التشخيص بالحوار)، كاشفا بهذه المطالب الاعجاز البياني المتاتي من هذا الاسلوب الرائع.وتكفل المبحث الثالث دراسة بعض وسائل التعبير القراني في هذه السور، اذ وقف عند اساليب اعتمدها القران الكريم في التصوير البياني، ويقف في طليعتها اسلوبا (التجسيد والتخييل) مبينا روعة التعبير الاستعاري وجماليته الخالدة من خلال ثلاثة مطالب هي : (تجسيد عناصر الطبيعة وتخيلها) و(تجسيد المعنويات وتخيلها) و(تجسيد اللامرئي وتخيله).اما الفصل الثالث، فقد حمل عنوان : (التعبير الكنائي في السور المثاني)، وقد ضم ثلاثة مباحث، اولها عني بدراسة ثلاثة مطالب هي : (مفهوم الكناية) و(الكناية بين الحقيقة والمجاز) و(بلاغة الكناية) تحت عنوان : (الكناية مفهومها - موضعها بين الحقيقة والمجاز - بلاغتها).واستوعب المبحث الثاني (اقسام الكناية) وذلك باعتبار المكنى عنه، فهو اما صفة او موصوف او نسبة، اذ تضمن ثلاثة مطالب هي : (الكناية عن صفة) و(الكناية عن موصوف) و(الكناية عن نسبة).وثلثت هذا الفصل بـ : (اساليب التعبير الكنائي واسرار اعجازها) لاقف وقفات متانية عند فنية الكناية القرانية في هذا الاسلوب المعجز، من خلال ثلاثة مطالب هي : (التعريض) و(الرمز) و(الاشارة).ثم جاءت الخاتمة لتوجز اهم ما وقفت عنده هذه الدراسة من مواضع الاعجاز البياني في الاساليب التي برزها النص القراني المعجز.وقبل كل شيء، وايمانا واقرارا بمفهوم الامانة العلمية، فاني عزوت كل جهد - افدت منه - الى صاحبه ولم ابخس الناس اشياءهم، واما ما ذكرته من دون احالة على هامش معين، فهو مما فتح الله - عز وجل - علي وهداني الى التامل والتدبر في قراءة القران تيمنا بقوله سبحانه وتعالى : ﴿افلا يتدبرون القران...﴾( ).غير اني اقر بالقصور والخلل، ولا ادعي لهذه الدراسة الكمال والتمام - فالقران لا يحيط بكنهه احد - بيد اني اعلم ان رسالتي هذه ستقع بين ايدي اساتذة مختصين يعرفون اني قصدت الافادة واردتها، ولكن العمل البشري يبقى قاصرا يكتنفه الخطا، ولا يسلم من العثرات، فكلي سرور بما يقومون به من تسديد اخطائي وتصويب عملي، فانهم - والحالة هذه - متفضلون على البحث وصاحبه، ولهم من الله الجزاء الاوفى | Praise be to Allaah who brought down the Quraan, and the knowledge of the statement,and made it an argument for mankind and the jinn, and prayer and peace on those who clearer than the pronunciation of the letter AL - Hadad , the Messenger of the Lord of the slaves, Muhammad Al - Mustafa, and on his family Altayab, who hath turned away the hatred from them and made it equal to the book, and on his friends who Hard on the infidels and merciful among them, and those who struggled with him in God the right of his jihad and did not change.After : The science of rhetoric for the sciences related to the Book of God Almighty, which knows the miracle of the Koran, and reveals the magic of the statement.As the Quran is a sea that does not realize its depth, and so on, it was an honor for every scholar to stand in his shadow and to blend in under his banner, searching for the secrets of his statement, the splendor of his words and the magic of his expression.It is from this section that I loved that Alj in studying his miraculous statement, relying on God Almighty first, and enlightened by the views of scientists and their studies in the past and the second, I brought my study entitled (Miracles statement in the verses of the Quran).Things that encouraged me on this study : 1 - the importance of this study; it is a Qoranic study.2 - The abundance of sources and references related to this study.As well as the love that I have for this wonderful and miraculous statement, but the things that encouraged me are the same obstacles or problems of study; because the many studies that dealt with the Koranic statement, made me stand a long, and meditate a lot to stay away from traditional studies, and took a study characterized by novelty; I don't claiming that this subject is a novelty in the field of rhetorical Quranic studies. that many researchers preceded me; but that makes me feel the novelty of this subject and its originality in general and in particular. The public is represented by the Holy Quran, As it still - and will continue - need more studies and research aimed at revealing its secrets, and the faces of his miracles, and the methods of his own, but the special, represented by the verses Muthani because I am did not find a study of its own , except what some books of the Qoran, and wrote the interpretation in the definition of its concept as a term, without indicating the number or names But these books have great merit in guiding our study Moreover, I have tried hard to add to the study something of the novelty in touching the Qur'anic texts and tasting them by highlighting the artistic and aesthetic value derived from the accuracy of the choice of words, their consistency and suitability with the meanings that the text seeks to highlight, In an innovative and concise manner so I did so to the analytical method, because I saw it as a statement of the magnificence of Quranic texts and its totality. It represents a comprehensive approach that depends on everything that can be included in understanding the Qur'anic text. Each of them, and identify the types of relations between the vocabulary, as well as it holds the researcher to think and reflect on the texts, and this is the best place for the emergence of the personality of the researcher, and knowledge of the analytical capabilities of the Qoran texts miracle.The research plan is divided into three chapters and a conclusion, preceded by a two - part preface, the first of which is the study of the concept of "statement miracles", as it represents the first corner of the title.The second concerned the study of the term "fenced verses " in order to reach its number and its names, as it represents the basic subject of the study.The first chapter was entitled : (analogy in the verses of Muthani), which included four questions, the first dealt with the method of analogy and the development of his study historically under the title : (The analogy among scholars of rhetoric)While the second subject under the title : (metaphor and miracles) and included three demands, meant to highlight the incompatibility of the incomprehensible between the word and meaning, and between the likeness and likeness, and between the parts of the body similar to the parts of the body associated with it.The third section, entitled : "Miraculous Miracles", analyzes and complies with three demands : (brief simulations), (innovative simulations) and (legislative simulations).The chapter concludes with a fourth section entitled : (in the sections of analogy), relying on its division on both ends of the metaphor (the likeness and likeness thereof), which necessitated the study of three demands : (in terms of their material) and (in terms of their uniqueness and composition). The second chapter, entitled : (metaphorical expression in the mystical wall) to include three questions, the first of which : I study the concept of metaphor, and types, and their relationship to miracles, under the title : (metaphor alone - its concept - types - their relationship to miracles).The second section was entitled Diagnosis in the Mural Wall. It included three demands : Diagnosis of the senses, Diagnosis of Morality and Diagnosis by dialogue, revealing the demands of the graphic miracles resulting from this wonderful method.The third section deals with the study of some of the means of Quranic expression in this wall. He stood at the methods adopted by the Holy Quran in graphic photography, and stood at the forefront of the method (embodiment and imagination), showing the splendor ofmetaphorical expression and timeless beauty through three demands : (the embodiment of the elements of nature and imagination) (The embodiment of imagination and imagination) and (the embodiment and imagination of the invisible).As for the third chapter, it was titled : "The Canary Expression in the Mystic Wall". It included three topics, the first of which was the study of three demands : (the concept of metaphor) and (the metaphor between truth and metaphor) and (rhetoric of metaphor) under the title : its position between truth and metaphor - its rhetoric.The second section (sections of the denomination) is taken into consideration as it is defined as a descriptive, descriptive or proportion. It contains three demands : (The denomination of the adjective) and (the metaphor of the description) and (the denomination of the ratio).)This chapter is divided into three categories : (the methods of expression and the secrets of miracles) to stand carefully in the art of the Quranic metaphor in this miraculous method, through three demands : (exposure) and (symbol) and (signal).Then came the conclusion to summarize the most important thing stood by this study from the places of statement miracles in the methods highlighted by the Qoranic text miracle.And above all, believing in and acknowledging the concept of the scientific secretariat, I attributed every effort - I reported to him - the owner did not underestimate people their things, but what you mentioned without reference on a certain margin, it is what opened God - to me and guided me to meditate in reading The Quran.But I know that this letter will fall into the hands of specialized professors know that I intended to benefit and wanted, but the human work remains a minor error, and does not deliver from the pitfalls, Vkli Satisfaction and pleasure in the payment of my mistakes and correcting my work, they - and this situation - are kindly to the search and his companion, and God of the full reward

الحجاج في كتاب الاحتجاج للطبرسي من علماء القرن السادس الهجري == Al - Hajaj in the Protest Book From scientists of 6th the century H

Author name: عماد عطـــوان فاخـــــر
Supervisor name: سندس محمد خلف الجميلي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and to pray to our Master Muhammad the Sadiq the faithful, and to his good and pure family, and his honorable companions, and those who followed him and peace, to the Day of Judgment. After ...The text of the discourse and the debates in the Book of Protest - of Abu Mansur Ahmed bin Ali bin Abi Talib al - Tabarsi - has a strong presence in the fields of protest, dialogue and persuasion. The book contains the text of the dialogue of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) (Peace be upon them), and some of the great companions (may Allah be pleased with them), in the assets, and branches with the people of disagreement, for the purpose of directing them, and change their ways of thinking and their corrupt beliefs, that is trying to get them out of the circle of disbelief and falsehood to the circle of faith and truth, The mission of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the imams (peace be upon them) ), And the companions are the identification and clarification of what the recipient (the recipient) does not know or deny, through letters that have the purposes of pilgrimage purpose of the clarity of purpose and influence in order to persuade and convince him of the new visions and ideas he was alone, or did not believe before; The Prophet and his family made an effort to establish the right of their own people.Therefore, I chose this religious heritage code in my study, entitled "Pilgrims in the Book of Protest for the Tabarsi", because it is an epistemological discourse which has an effect on the recipient, both on the level of his behavior, on the level of his beliefs and convictions. This pilgrim energy, like the pilgrims of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), carries with the group of mushrikeen, its pilgrims with the Jews, and its pilgrims with the hypocrites, as well as the pilgrims of the imams (peace be upon them).The speech of this code is based on a language strategy of its own, based on the use of language within a specific structure, subject to explanatory rules and conclusions related to the speaker and receiver within a specific social, psychological and communication context with the aim and purpose of influencing that recipient.Many of the texts of this Code include various links and factors of pilgrimage, including the requirements of lexicon and synthetic. These texts or speeches are built according to the peaceful hierarchy of the arguments, including what includes real questions and other related to the origin to the meanings of new pilgrims, not request Understanding and intelligence, and all these things make the speech of this code speech directed can achieve the objectives of the Khatib or the argument.I have followed the analytical descriptive approach in my studies, namely : describing the pilgrim phenomena in the speech of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the imams (peace be upon them) and some of the companions and followers of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) Such as the new rhetoric (Perlman), the pilgrims in the language of Decro, and the accountability of the pilgrims (Michelle Mayer), and the acts of speech to (Austin) and (Sorrell) present in some joints of the research, The debates in the Book of Protest apply to the acts of speech that were distinguished by deliberation Which is the expression, the purposeful act and the act of influence, all of which are present in the actual (pilgrims) and (as appropriate) added by DeCro to the classifications of the acts of speech. Therefore I shall deal with the acts of speech implicitly through the pilgrims, Of lexicons, grammatical expressions, grammatical structures, and explanatory tools, and the realization of the purposes of the pilgrimage.I am interested in this topic for a number of reasons, perhaps the most important : 1 - Desire to identify the most important concepts of the lesson Hajj.2 - identify the mechanisms of pilgrims employed in the book (protest).3 - The inclusion of the book (protest) on the texts of pilgrims, such as the pilgrims of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and the imams (peace be upon them) and companions with the polytheists, Jews and hypocrites, as well as the inclusion of other mechanisms of pilgrims.4 - self - reason, the tendency of the soul more to the texts contained in the language of the masters of rhetoric and fluency, and they are the Prophet and his family pure, these texts enrich the thought and language and development.The study was divided into three chapters, followed by a conclusion in which the most important findings were presented.The preface included the definition of the Tabaric Sheikh and his book and the views of the scholars and researchers in them. It also spoke about the concept of pilgrims and their history in Greek thought and modern Western thought, and addressing its features in Arab thought, both ancient and modern.The first chapter of Musuma b (the links and factors of pilgrims in the book of protest) and included two papers, in which the role of associations and factors in the discovery of pilgrims in the structure of the Hajj in the book (protest).As for the second chapter, there was a chapter entitled "The Pilgrim's Need in the Book of Protest". It included two essays, which examined the first (the lexical requirement and its pilgrim function), and the second (the structural requirement and its pilgrimage function).The third chapter came out with (the mechanisms of pilgrims in the book (protest) in the light of the theory of Pilgrimage and the theory of accountability Hajjaj), and included two articles, examined in the first (mechanisms of pilgrims in the book (protest) in light of the theory of pilgrimage), and in the second (mechanisms of pilgrims In the book (protest) in the light of the theory of accountability of pilgrims), and formed the accountability of pilgrims active presence in the book (protest) through the question and answer among the respondents, which came in most texts either a source of question tools or using the formula (tell me).There is no doubt that the research is based on a collection of sources and references related to the subject, the most important of which are : the code that applied the theories of the pilgrims, the book (protest), and a group of Arabic dictionaries such as : Al - Ain Khalil bin Ahmed Al - Farahidi, , And the codes that relate to the theories of pilgrims, based on the book of pilgrims in the Koran through the most important characteristics stylistic Abdullah Sula, and the strategies of the speech of Abdul Hadi bin Dhafer al - Shihri, the language and pilgrims of Abu Bakr al - Azzawi, and the pilgrimage method in the political discourse of Zamani Kamal, and the analysis of the Hajj Dr. Ahmad Al - Awadi, Dr. Said Al - Awadi, and Pilgrims Concept and Fields Preparation and presentation of Hafez Ismaili Alawi, and built pilgrims in the approach of the rhetoric of Dr. Ali Abdul Wahab Abbas, and a group of research on pilgrims in some magazines and periodicals and literary and literary, as well as some letters and university papers such as : In the Quranic stories - a deliberative approach - (PhD thesis), and the pilgrims in the antiques of the sons of the Al - Harani Division (Master Thesis), and the structure of the pilgrims in the Qur'anic discourse.

الشاهد في كتاب التحفة المكية للمقري : دراسة لغوية == The linguistic citation in the book of the Mecca masterpiece by Al - Maqari (847 AH

Author name: مروة مهدي ذيبان
Supervisor name: عبد الحميد حمد شحاذة
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان دراسة اللغة - منذ بدايتها - ارتبطت ارتباطا وثيقا بالشاهد اللغوي الذي يمثل الدليل الامين لما يقوله العلماء وما يذهبون اليه وما يرجحونه من اراء ، وظهرت عنايتهم الفائقة بهذا الشاهد عند ظهور بواكير الدرس اللغوي العربي - الذي ظهر جليا فيما اورده سيبويه (ت180هـ) رحمه الله في كتابه الذي يعد اول المؤلفات العربية - اذ اعتمد في هذا الكتاب على شواهد كثيرة درسها الدارسون فيما بعد واصلوا لها ... ومن هذا المنطلق في اهمية دراسة الشاهد اللغوي جاءت دراستي هذه لتكون لبنة في هذا الصرح الشامخ عسى ان تحظى بالسداد والقبول ، اذ تمثل في دراسة الشاهد اللغوي عند ابي العباس المقري بعد (847هـ) في كتابه التحفة المكية في شرح الارجوزة الالفية . واقتضت طبيعة البحث ان يقسم على تمهيد وثلاثة فصول ، اما التمهيد بينت فيه تعريف الشاهد ، ونبذة مختصرة عن حياة المؤلف وعن الكتاب . وكان الفصل الاول للاستشهاد على المسائل الصوتية والصرفية وجاء في اربعة مباحث الاول خصصته للاستشهاد بالقران الكريم والثاني للاستشهاد بالقراءات القرانية ، اما المبحث الثالث فكان من نصيب الاستشهاد بالحديث النبوي الشريف ، والمبحث الرابع جاء للاستشهاد بالشعر العربي . وحمل الفصل الثاني عنوان الاستشهاد للمسائل النحوية وتضمن اربعة مباحث الاول منها الاستشهاد بالقران الكريم والثاني للقراءات القرانية والثالث للحديث النبوي الشريف والرابع للاستشهاد بالشعر . وكان اخرها الفصل الثالث الذي درست فيه الدلالة النحوية وانتظم في ثلاثة مباحث الاول الاستشهاد للمسائل الدلالية بالقران الكريم وقراءاته ، والمبحث الثاني الاستشهاد بالحديث النبوي الشريف ، والثالث الاستشهاد بالشعر على هذه المسائل .ثم اعقبتها بخاتمة سجلت فيها اهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها في هذا البحث . وقائمة بالمصادر والمراجع المعتمدة في البحث اذ تنوعت هذه المصادر بحسب طبيعة الدراسة الى كتب اللغة التي تعنى بالمستويات اللغوية الصوتية والصرفية والنحوية والدلالية وكذلك معاجم اللغة وكتب التراجم ، وبعض المصادر التي تطرقت الى موضوع الاستشهاد . وفي الختام اقول .... ان هذه المرحلة هي الخطوة الاولى في طريق البحث العلمي، فما كان فيه من صواب فالفضل لله تعالى وحده وما كان من | The linguistic evidence is an important source of the Arabic language because it is the faithful proof of what linguists say and what they go to and what they are likely views.Our research is one of the researches that dealt with the evidence as represented in the study of the linguistic evidence at Abi Al - Abbas Al - Maqari after 847 AH in his book (the masterpiece of Makkah in the explanation of Arjuzah millennium. The nature of the research required to be divided into preface and three chapters. In the preface I explained the definition of the evidence and a brief resume of the life of the author and the book.The nature of the research required to be divided into three chapters. The preface, in which I explained the definition of the evidence and a brief resume of the life of the author and the mentioned book.The first chapter was about the citation of the phonetic and morphologic matters and it was in four theses ; the first dealt with citation by holy Koran and the second was citation by Koran readings . The second research was about citation by prophetic tradition and the fourth dealt with Arabic poetry . The second chapter bore the title of the citation for grammatical issues and included four themes , the first of which was the citation of the Quran and the second was for readings of the Koran and the third of the Prophet's Hadith and the fourth of the citation of poetry and the third chapter dealt with the citation of evidence matters and was organized in three sections; the first is the citation and for the evidence issues in the holy Koran and its readings . The second is the citation of the Prophet's Hadith and the third is the citation of poetry on these matters, then followed by a conclusion in which the most important findings reached in this research and a list of references that were depended in the research as varied according to the nature of the study.It is God's success

الدلالة الصرفية في خطاب الامام الحسن عليه السلام

Author name: حياة نايف صينخ
Supervisor name: شاكر سبع نتيش الاسدي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

غريب نهج البلاغة == The stranger in " Nahjubalagah

Author name: عبد الكريم حسين عبد السعدي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: Mustansiriyah University - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: By the name of God the all merciful, thanks to his grace, and peace upon his greatest profit Muhmmad bin Aabdillab. There is no daute that Nahj Albalagh in the highest situation of the Arabic eloquence, for that many of Arabic linguestics - ainsent and modern - do their best to explane it's words and sentences in their books and researches.This research is stepping on the same way of those, it studied the stranger in Nahj Albalagh which had been jaid by Aliyy unbnu Abi Talib peace upon him and collected by Alshareef Al Radiyy. ( 406 A.H.). This research divided in preface four parts, and a conclusion. The first part is apreparated one, it is in two chapters, the first chapter studied the strange in the Arabic language in general. And in the ( Nahj ) particularly . The second chapter studied the ( text ) firming, and it's regestredment, there were three kinds of texts. a : texts conteporared Al - emam Ali peace upon him. b : texts precedied AlRadiyy several hundreds of years. c : texts conteporared al Radiy's collecting of Nahj - albalagah.The second part was studying the strangest of the word. It had three chapters. I studied in the first one the strangment of the singular word. And in the second chapter I studied the strangment of the word in meaning, in the third chapter I studied the strangment of the word in it's etymology. I studied in the third part the strangment of structure in three chapters. I specified the first one to the strangment of the whole sloup, the second chapter to the strangment of the speech because the irregularity of the word or because of their entangledment. The third one was about the strangment of the speech because of the highness of it's elocuence.The fourth part of this research was about the strangment of rhetoric building it had also three chapters. The first chapter was about the strangment of the ( eloquence system ), the second one was about the ( rhetoric science ), and the third one was about the strangment of the tripic system. I ended my research with a conclusion, which I explain in it the most emportant results. At last I would like to thank God for my successful in this research, after that I would like to thank my professor Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Aljubouri who guided me in this research and we landed together on the shore of Nahj - Albalagah safely.

اسلوب الالتفات محاولة في البحث عن اصلها وممارستها في قصار السور القرانية == The Style of Al - Iltifat (Aburupt Change in Style and Tense) An Attempt of Seeking Its Origin and Practice in Short Quranic Suras

Author name: نوافل يونس سليم الحمداني
Supervisor name: حسن يحيى محمد رضا الخفاجي | مشحن حردان الدليمي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Iltifat (abrupt change in style, number and tense) is a rhetorical device which has been authentic in Arabic. The pre - Islamic poets, such as Imriu Al - Qais, used it. It was well known by the poineering linguists and interpreters, such as Abi Ubayda Maamer bin Al - Muthana 210 H., Al - Asmaii 216 H., Ibn Qutayba 276 H., and Al - Mubarrad 285 H., when they explained the Quranic a ayas and poetic lines having this rhetorical device.As a term, Al - Iltifat was known and studied by rhetoricians such as Ibn Al - Muaataz, Qudama bin Gaafar, Al - Zamakh shary, Ibn Al - Atheer, As - Sakkaky and Al - Quzwiny. It is the change from one style of speech into another, from the singular into the plural, from the plural into the singular - and from one tense into another. This change should have a reason for its happening. Al - Zamakhshary said that the benefits of Al - Iltifat are praise, awakening, drawing attention and making the listener more interested. This phenomenon has been called “the courageous style” for it indicates the bravery of the speaker in making his speech more effective.The Glorious Quran is rich with this rhetorical device, especially in the short Suras beginning with Qaf and ending with the last Quranic Sura (Qul Aauthu bi Rab An - Nas).These Suras were revealed to Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) at the beginning of Islam when the new religion was erither accepted or refused. So, these Suras and this phenomenon under study played their part in calling ungelievers to believe in Islam.This dissertation has studied Al - Iltifat from different angles phonectis and phonology, semantics, syntax morphology

الشاهد النحوي في تفسير ابي السعود

Author name: علاء عبد الرحيم مخلف
Supervisor name: هشام ابراهيم الحداد | محمد امين البكري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
First pages:

السياق واثره الدلالي في دراسات الاصوليين

Author name: انجيرس طعمة يوسف
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Context' is an issue which the Jurisprudents studied andto which they referred in their rules and categorizations.The Jurisprudents' studies are no less important than thestudies done by linguists, exegetists and rhetoricians,different though their purposes are. Jurisprudents holdcontext as indication of meaning of legislative rulings. Soboth external and internal contexts are topics for study byJurisprudents and religious scholars in the analysis of thelegislative rulings of the Holy Quran and Prophet'stradition (Sunnah). External context or 'co - text' indicatesall the circumstances surrounding the text and whichwould influence the meaning of the text, issues tackledby the Jurisprudents and practiced by doctrinists..The internal context comprises the meanings of thesame text or other texts related to it, whether proving ordisproving it, according to certain methods of collection.My study is based on the researches done so far bythe Jurisprudents and is classified into external andinternal contexts. The first is fallen under three types : circumstantial context, context of situation, and actualcontext. These three kinds of context were addressed bythe Jurisprudents who, however, did not categorize themthis way. But it is appropriate to show them to prove thatthe Jurisprudents were the first to pay attention to theexternal context. The same has been done with regard tothe internal context, which is also classified into threetypes : the objective context, the counter - objectiveharmonious context (in assertion and denial), and thecounter - objective disharmonious context. The crucial١٩٣difference between the second and the third kind is that,while the second means the multi texts that deal with thesame topic, with one clarifying the others, the thirdmeans the multi texts that deal with the same topic,differing in assertion or denial, or in some other sense.The Jurisprudents worked out principles to harmonizethese meanings in a scientific way.I have prepared for the study of the context and itsrelation with some semantic and contextualconsiderations. Also, context and its functions arehighlighted to the Jurisprudents and the difference oftheir treatment to that of the linguists and exegetists.

فكرة التيسير في الدرس النحوي الحديث == The Idea of Simplification in Modern Grammatical Lesson

Author name: حاتم حسين علي الشيباني
Supervisor name: خديجة عبد الرزاق الحديثي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Arabic is one of the ancient living languages in the world. It has gained great attention that no any other language has gained from the scholars. This degree of attention has its own reasons. It is the language of the glorious Qur’an, the sacred book of Muslims. Thus, it has achieved its sacredness through its relevance to this great book. Understanding the purposes of the linguistic discourse was the objective of the researchers. So understanding the syntactic structures of Arabic and apprehension of its linguistic phenomena were the priority of the issues taken care by old linguists. The linguistic study has attained its higher standard earlierly, and the grammatical level was the most interesting one among the other levels tackled by scholars. The grammatical lesson began simple and easy on the hands of Arab scientists. Like any other science, being easy first, then it starts becoming complicated in research. This same description can be applied to Arabic. It has become complicated and a number of foreign trends such as logic, philosophy and philology, have penetrated into it. Then, it has be come a normative prescriptive lesson, away from being descriptive besides the obvious difficulties of approaches which made it difficult. So that scholars found it wise to escape. Since language is one of the means of learning and thinking, one can realize the sufferings faced by learners. So the voices were raised and complaints heard about the difficulty of the grammar lessons. This led to the appearance of a call for simplification. Old Arab grammarians have their attempts in this respect and they have written grammatical briefs and didactic poems to facilitate keeping the grammar of language by heart yet, Sibawayhi’s Book is still the controlling source which governs our grammar. The briefs and poems have no longer the power to meet the requirements of the grammar lesson. Even the old publications however scientific they are, cannot remedy the miserable. A number of scientific scholars have undertaken this task. Their endeavor has been welcomed recently. And as much as possible they have made use of the old attempts such as that of Ibn Madha’a Al - Qurtubi (592H). Really, one of the modern remarkable attempts may be that of Ibrahim Mustafa whose opinions have their obvious influences on the modern grammatical lesson. He tries to depend on meaning when interpreting linguistic phenomena. As far as he got rid of the theory of grammatical operator (al - a’amil), which was the basis for grammatical lesson that governed and complicated it, he was agreed by plenty of scholars such as Dr.Ahmed Abdulsattar Al - Juwari and Dr.Mahdi Al - makhzoomi and others. Since Arabic is an inflected language, one can imagine the difficulty faced by the researcher to facilitate its grammar. Really, no language can be simplified, but there are a group of ideas through which the linguists try to interpret the linguistic phenomena and this should be the concern of the researcher. These attempts showed extreme criticism and they were not free from some shortcoming. This study tries to shed light on these attempts and simplifies Arabic grammar comprehensively. We have discussed the difficulties of Arabic grammar and the reasons beyond that, in addition to grammar, its evolution and development as well. The study has also tackled thoroughly the phenomenon of parsing in Arabic, and the attitude of the old grammarians towards this phenomenon. The researcher has carried out an analytical study of the researchers’ opinions in simplification to be aware of the value of these opinions, and whether they can be a right nucleus to a simple and easy grammar lesson. It is not easy to achieve that because of the width of the scope of the research, greatness of differences and abundance of Arabic produced knowledge in the field of grammar. Clearly, the shortage of the serious analytic knowledge of simplification in this area, led the researcher to carry out this type of study characterized by modernity and scientificness trying to find out the essence of the notion of simplifican and main elements which guided the scholars to come out with conclusions and recommendations to serve Arabic language and support those who study it. God is beyond our purpose

توجيه معاني النحو عند المحدثين، حاشيتا الخضري والصبان انموذجا == Guidance as to the Meaning of the Detailed in the earliest, hasheyata Al ssabban And Al Khudhari Specimen

Author name: شاكر صاحب علوان الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: مكي محي عيدان الكلابي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: If we say that the attention of the Arabs understanding of speech were not less than their care produced departing from the idea of the basis of that very language is basically access to the meaning or intent, has tried to research to prove the existence of the effect of meaning in the detective grammatical, found in the book of hashiat al - sabban on the al - ashmony explanation (1206 AH ) and hashiat al - khudhary on tha explanation Ibn Aqeel (1287 AH ) field so broad, Volg through into this world was expansive title of the study ((guidance as to the meaning of the detailed the earliest hashiata al - sabban and al - khudhary specimen)) Has necessitated the nature of the research that is distributed over four chapters preceded by a preface, followed by the conclusion of the search, The Boot, has shown a concept meaning grammar has been spotted in the first chapter statement meaning of grammar in the door of the Covenant, and specialize Chapter two study the meaning of grammar in th waste, and dealt with in Chapter three the study of meaning in grammar Prepositional , while the fourth chapter was held to demonstrate the meaning of grammar tools.The researcher found a number of results, most notably the following : 1 - Researcher found that guidance as to the meaning of the detailed the earliest hashiata al - sabban and al - khudhary explains without objections stated that his goal as decoding locks. 2 - represents a detailed guidance as to the meaning of the detailed the earliest hashiata al - sabban and al - khudhary blog grammatical inexhaustible trough in various walks of language, especially in the world of meanings as phishing, including veterans and narrators in the rules, and assets. 3 - The research revealed guidance as to the meaning of the detailed the earliest hashiata al - sabban and al - khudhary phenomenon singled express carefully and clear because it will help him to understand the first installation but if it violates the express meaning often takes the loop, trying to find meaning undue hand motif.

كلام الامام علي بن ابي طالب (عليه السلام) في كتب غريب الحديث : دراسة في ضوء نظرية الحقول الدلالية == The words of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib - peace be upon him - in the books of strange modern study in the light of semantic field theory

Author name: زهراء حسين جعفر
Supervisor name: جنان منصور كاظم الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allaah. We also open all the works, and we begin each article, and may God bless him and grant him the best of his creation, a branch and an asset, Muhammad the Righteous and his good and pure family.After ...The authors of the strange works of modernity made great efforts in this field. They worked alongside the codification of literary and rhetorical sciences to devote part of their efforts to explaining and interpreting the strange words in the texts. They succeeded in their endeavors and passed through centuries of hard work, creativity and writing. (The words of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in the books of a strange modern study in the light of the theory of semantic fields). The purpose of this research is summarized in several things, including : The Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) in the Arabic glossary in the clear Arabic words mentioned in the books of the strange talk, and the revival of the linguistic heritage by highlighting the words, and the hadiths of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) in Mtun strange talk, and study In the light of modern linguistics. The study requires following several approaches starting with the statistical method. It has followed the words of the Imam (peace be upon him) in books of strange speech and has exceeded (six hundred) a word, and then selected from the words what is unique in mystery and strange to clarify meanings and meanings hidden behind those words, (Peace be upon him) and put it in the fields of the word, and then studied the words study of the meanings of language in the Arabic dictionaries and then followed the meaning of the word in the modern and other through a descriptive historical study.We have identified the research tracks in three chapters, which were studied in accordance with the semantic fields, preceded by a preface that included three topics. The first section showed a briefAbstract......................................................................................bsummary of the life of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) and a part of his character and characteristics that characterized him, but I did not elaborate on that. The first one dealt with the concept of the stranger, and we would like to point out that with regard to the stranger, it is of two types, (strange talk) and (strange talk), and there are difference between them, Strange talk is a sign in the text of the talk of a strange word, Or rare, and the strange talk is met by narrators. The second topic dealt with the reason for the classification of the strange talk, and the third I spoke about the most prominent classified in the books of strange and modern approaches from Abu Ubaid Qasim bin Salam, the first book reached us, and ended with the son of the ether in his book (end in the strange talk).The first chapter deals with the field of human words. It included three topics : the first topic dealt with the words of the human body, the second is the words of human ethics, the third is the words of pride and the most important. The second chapter contains silent words of nature, The third topic is the study of the words that indicate the colors. At first, I spoke about the colors and their characteristics in general. Then I mentioned the basic colors, because the color is present in the words of the Imam (peace be upon him) B The first chapter contains the words of living nature, divided on two subjects; the first section, in which the words of the animal were used. Imam (peace be upon him) used the most animal words in its metaphorical metaphor, either by analogy, metaphor, and metaphor. He is a source to supply oxygen to nature so I devoted it in this subject and put the supplement in the last chapters, and concluded the research summary of the results, summarized and completed the list of sources and references dealt with in the study.The period of writing the letter has been several difficulties and has stopped the study, including but not limited to : - Diving in the study of the words of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and the statement of meaning is not easy, especially if there are similes and metaphor and graphic arts issued by the most eloquent Arabs and informed her tongue.Abstract......................................................................................c - The abundance of works that were written in the books of the strange modern and different Mtun speeches of the Imam (peace be upon him) in the increase and decreases, but I have documented from his words and his words and his conversations, which was adopted in the study of several books, especially the approach of rhetoric. - We could not study all the words that were mentioned in the words of the Imam (peace be upon him); because it takes more time and we are sentenced to a known time so the study was limited to the most prominent words that were characterized by strange and ambiguous.It is necessary to note the meanings of honesty and loyalty. I would like to keep my thanks and appreciation to my professor who supervised this study (Prof. Dr. Janan Mansour Kadhim) for her outstanding efforts in careful scientific supervision of the research in the stages of preparation of it all, starting with the development of his plan, , And printed, where examined the chapters of scientific critical reading, so I did what twisted them, and corrected the pitfalls, and dealt with the injury suffered.I would like to thank all those who have extended my hand to help and contributed to facilitating the difficulties faced by the research and I have hoped that I have presented a message with a proper approach, and I have succeeded in doing so, thanks to God Almighty, and if he is the other, I have good faith to apologize to you.I ask God to make this work pure for His holy face. And Tawfiqi only God Almighty Ali it entrusted to him Anip and he is generous and yes agent.

الدلالة السياقية عند اللغويين

Author name: عواطف كنوش مصطفى عيسى
Supervisor name: خليل ابراهيم العطية
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الدلالة الالتزامية عند الاصوليين في القران الكريم == The significance of the commitment of fundamentalists in the Holy Quran

Author name: غزوان حميد عبد السعيدي
Supervisor name: عادل نذير بيري الحساني
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study is an investingation of the textual phenomena in the Quranic expression which has not been looked before semantically. The terminology to the fundamentalists still have a gap.This subject (commitment Denotation in the Quranic Expreesion ) was in consistency with my research interest. Therefore, I abode by determination and God's trust. The significance of the study lies the epistemic intervention and interdisciplinary Link between a large set of sciences such as jurisprudence , exegesis , Arabic , logic , eat . The benefits extracted pour into the crucible of Quranic usage.The topic is of clear importance that researcher's attention and it revolves about the awareness of the specialists' products in thes sciences. The research in this dissertation entitled three chapters preluded by a preface and concluded by the most significant results . The first chapter included ( the denotation of implied expression ) while the second contained ( the denotation of concept ) . The research concluded that the implied denotation , conceptual denotation ,and allegorical denotation are all realizations of commitment denotation.It was further concluded that all allegorical relations are traced back to one relation which is ( commitment )basing on the fact that commitment tackled in the research is the commitment in its broad sense which is realized even though in the speaker,s mind .The researcher faced some difficulties as the semantic research in the Quran is surrounded by many epistemic challenges which the research attempted to overcome in light of his acquaintance and induction to disambiguate this matter . I intended in this study to draw the attentions to efforts exerted by fundamentalist and semantic linguists . In conclusion , I recommend researchers especially in text linguistics , to pay attention with determination with determination to the sourceful heritage of fundamentalism.

الجملة في ديوان الشيخ صالح الكواز الحلي (ت1290هـ) : دراسة نحوية دلالية == The Sentence in the Collection of Poems of saleh al - kawaz al - hilly Grammatical and semantic study

Author name: حنين علي خلف حسون العامري
Supervisor name: مكي محي عيدان الكلابي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

الخلاف الصوتي في كتاب ارتشاف الضرب من لسان العرب لابي حيان الاندلسي ت 745هـ في ضوء علم اللغة الحديث

Author name: كاظم كريم اهوين
Supervisor name: عبد الاله علي جويعد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:

ظواهر البيان العربي عند المفسرين من القرن الرابع حتى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري == Arabic Eloquence phenomena Of Explainers from the forth till the sixth century of al Higra

Author name: امل حسين حسن الخاقاني
Supervisor name: محمد حسين علي الصغير
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kufa - College Of Education For Girls
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The explainers have pave of the way for the Quranic studies as they were the first to tackle this eloquent text which is hard to be explained and analyzed first in revealing it, meaning and second in showing it's historical method This thesis is dedicated to receal the rhetoric phenomena of the explainers (from the forth century till the end of the sixth century of Higra) for the effect of this period in founding these phenomena on one hand and orienting them on the after. So, it's devided into a preface and four chapters. The preface revealed (the concept of the Arabic rhetoric among the explainers and the grammarians) and also showing (the Arabic rhetoric phenomena in the Quranic studies books and elogence), as for the chapters, the first dealt with (the truth and metaphor of the explainers) revealing their role in achieving all kinds, divisions and various relation of the metaphor while the second chapter tackle (simile of explainers) and showing their care of its tools and types in addition to defining the feature of Quranic simile as being a combination of images. The third chapter dealt with (metaphor of the ecplanier) and defining its terminological meaning as being based on the similarity relation ans also defining types of metaphor within the Quranic context. As for the forth chapter it dealt with (the writing and its features of the ecplainers) and defining its terminological meaning based on the stules of writing and method of expressing it as symbol, sign and waving and revealing the intention of intimation which participates in showing the rhetoric of the Quranic text, and its features of inimatibility of holy Quran the explainers in all of these chapters were rhetorical in dealing with the text of holy quran and also expended critics of it their rhetorical attitudes and their metaphoric signal reprints as serous stop in the development of the studies of the quranic rhetoric and the researches of inimitation for their great analytical ability and taste which led to the assumption that the quranic methods was nothing less than americal for being unique invites style and verse

الاراء الادبية والنقدية في كتاب رسائل ومقالات اشــراقات ادبــــيـــة للسيـد مـحمـد الصـدر (قدس سره) == Literary and monetary efforts in the book of letters and articles (literary breakthroughs) model To Mr. Mohammed Al - Sadr (Holy Sera)

Author name: عـلاء رسـن شـفـي
Supervisor name: طاهـرة داخل طاهر
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Literary and literary efforts have crystallized in the third part of the book Letters and Essays, which was entitled "Literary Enlightenment" by Mr. Mohammed Al - Sadr (Holy of Sera) about important monetary efforts that deserved the researcher time, reading, research and research for it because it produced special critical concepts related to literature, literary writing and literature committed to General and Islamic literature in particular is the literary message that Mr. Mohammed Al - Sadr wanted to broadcast a goal and reveal the concepts and conditions of intellectual, psychological and aesthetic without restriction or neutralization. The first chapter contains an introduction and two sections entitled "The definition of the literary and social character of Mr. Mohammed Al - Sadr and his book, letters and articles." The title of the first topic (The definition of the literary and social character of Mr. Mohammed al - Sadr), while the second section was entitled (Introducing a book of letters and articles of Mr. Mohammed al - Sadr three parts). The second chapter contains an introduction and two articles, entitled "Study of the articles in the book of letters and articles" Part III literary breakthroughs "), and the title of the first topic was consistent with (the definition of articles and their types).The second section was entitled (Technical and Monetary Analysis of Literary Articles) Model. The second chapter was entitled "The technical and critical analysis of the stories contained in the book of letters and articles" Part (2( Third literary creations "), and finally the conclusion and the most important results and some recommendations and proven sources and references. Finally, I would like to thank all those who supported me and met with me in this study, from professors and colleagues, in particular my assistant professor, Dr. Tahira Dakhill Tahir, the distinguished teacher and educator, who made me proud of her supervision. I would also like to extend my thanks and appreciation to those who stood by my side and supported me on the subject of my message. Difficulties, including professors of the Department of Arabic language at the Faculty of Education

عمل التعبير القراني في كتاب زبدة التفاسير لفتح الله الكاشاني == Explanation Of The Interpretation Of Quranic expression in The Book " Zabdah Al - Tafaseer" by Fatah Allah Al - Kashani

Author name: اسماء مطشر فشاخ الغزي
Supervisor name: فلاح رسول حسين الحسيني
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

معايير تقويم الوجه النحوي في كتاب سيبويه

Author name: ميثم عبد السادة شبلاوي الجليحاوي
Supervisor name: رجاء عجيل ابراهيم الحسناوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

مظاهر تاثير الشعر الجاهلي في النقد العربي القديم == The Aspects of Pre - Islamic Poetry's Effect on The Old Arabian Criticism

Author name: علي حاكم حبيب عزر الكريطي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الشعر الجاهلي اساس الثقافة العربية التي وصلت الينا من العصر الجاهلي ، وقد رافق النقد هذه الثقافة من ذلك الوقت ، فكان مقوما للشعر والشعراء في مواطن الخطواموافقتهم وتشجيعهم في مواطن الاجادة ، وقد تبين لي من خلال البحث وجود حركة قوية تميل الى الشكل الجاهلي للقصيدة العربية ، ببنائهوامعانيهواعلى وفق هذا بني البحث على حقيقة وجود سلطة للشعر الجاهلي ، امتدت الى زمن بعيد عن العصر الجاهلي وقد اثبت البحث هذه الحقيقة من خلال التنقيب في اثار الادباء والعلماء والنقاد عن تلك المظاهر التي بقيت عالقة في اشعار اللاحقين في الشكل والمضمون ، فتبينت لنا هذه الحقيقة من خلال البحث ومناقشة اراء النقاد والعلماء التي وردت في هذا الصدد ، وذهبت الى ايجاد المعايير التي سار عليها النقاد والتي عدت الاساس للاحكام النقدية فيما بعد .وعلى وفق ما تقدم جاء عنوان الرسالة الموسوم بـ ( مظاهر تاثير الشعر الجاهلي في النقد العربي القديم ) ، وهو موضوع كبير بمادته العلمية ومدته الزمنية ، وثر بالقضايواالامور الادبية والنقدية ، اذ يعالج البحث المرحلة المتقدمة من الادب العربي في عصر ما قبل الاسلام متمثلة بالمظاهر التي لازمت الشعر العربي في العصور اللاحقة فضلا عن معالجته للشعر الجاهلي بعامته من ناحية وجود مظاهر التاثير بكل ما يحيط بالقصيدة بفنيتهواموضوعاتها . وقد بدا زمان الدراسة منذ عصر صدر الاسلام وما فيه من اشارات نقدية جاءت من النبي محمد صلى الله عليه واله وسلم التي متنت تاثير الشعر الجاهلي بفنيته ، التي اسس لها شعراء المرحلة الاولى ، وكذلك اراء الخلفاء الراشدين ، فضلا عن اراء العلماء والنقاد الذين اثروا التراث العربي بالمؤلفات الادبية والنقدية والتي استندت اليها الدراسة كثيرا الى نهاية العصر العباسي .وهنا يمكن القول ان نشاة النقد العربي القديم كان في ظلال الشعر الجاهلي وفي عصره . وكانت الاشارات النقدية الاولى التي وصلت الينا ، وصلت من العصر الجاهلي ، ثم بدات الاراء النقدية الناضجة تاتينا من علماء اللغة والمفسرين والادباء ، لانهم هم الذين بداوا بتاصيل علوم العربية استنادا الى الشعر الجاهلي ، والنقد في طليعة تلك العلوم . لان المفسر ناقد في بعض احكامه وعالم اللغة والشاعر وهكذا . ومن هنا ستنهض فصول الرسالة ببيان هذا كله ان شاء الله تعالى.وقد تطلب هذا الجهد في البحث خطة تستوعب تلك الموضوعات المتفرقة ، فجاءت الخطة بثلاثة فصول يسبقها تمهيد تحدثت فيه عن اثر الشعر الجاهلي في تكوين علوم الدين واعتماد المفسرين وعلماء الدين على الشعر في اثبات ما يذهبون اليه ، ومن جهة اخرى تناول التمهيد اثر الشعر الجاهلي في تكوين علوم اللغة العربية . وجاء الفصل الاول بمباحثه الخمسة ليتناول فنية القصيدة العربية وعلاقتها بالشعر الجاهلي الذي اسس لها ، وكيفية حفاظ القصيدة على هذا البناء في الازمان اللاحقة ، وقد تناول المبحث الاول من هذا الفصل تقديم رؤية كاملة لاراء الشعراء الجاهليين انفسهم في تاثرهم بشعراء المرحلة المتقدمة من العصر وهذا مظهر من مظاهر تاثير الشعر في النقد وان كان الاثنان جاهليين ، وكذلك فصلت الحديث في اراء النبي محمد صلى الله عليه واله وسلم في اثبات فنية الشعر الجاهلي وصلاحيتها لبقية العصور ، مع عرض ومناقشة لتلك الاقوال الشريفة ، ثم اراء الخلفاء الراشدين رضي الله عنهم ، تتلوهم اراء الادباء والنقاد التي اثبتت ذاك التاثير . اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناولت فيه الابتداء عند الشعراء في قصائدهم وهو يشمل المطلع ومقدمة القصيدة ، ثم تناول المبحث الاخر الرحلة في القصيدة وقد بينت في هذا المبحث اثار الشعر الجاهلي التي حتمت على النقاد عيب الذين خرجوا عن الرحلة الجاهلية ، اما المبحث الرابع فقد تناول بالدرس الغرض مستندا الى الاغراض التي كتب فيها الفحول الجاهليون ، وكيفية تاثيرهم بمن جاء بعدهم . ثم وقف المبحث الخامس على التخلص مبينا فيه مذاهب العرب في تخلصاتهم وسلطة الشعر القديم في ايجاد التخلص داخل القصيدة ، فضلا عن الكيفية التي طور بها الشعراء المحدثون التخلص ورضا النقاد عن هذا التطور .وتكفل الفصل الثاني بدراسة تاثير الشعر الجاهلي في نقد القضايا الفنية التي تنبه اليها النقاد العرب القدامى وعلموا بهواهي : ( اثر البداوة ، الترصيع ، الطبع والصنعة ، الفرق بين الرجز والقصيد ، والقديم والحديث) ، وقد افردت هذه القضايا بفصل مع العلم بتداخلها مع الفصل الثالث في المعنى في بعض المواطن ، لكني درست كل قضية منها من الجانب الذي يتناسب مع عنوان المبحث والفصل معا.وقد جاء الفصل الاخير مؤكدا ما اثبته في الفصلين السابقين ، وقد درست عدة قضايا مهمة في تاريخ الشعر العربي وهي اغلبها تخص المعنى، وهي : (الخطا في الوصف ، الغرض ، السرقات ، المبالغة ، المعاظلة ، والوضوح والغموض) فكان متمما لما سبقت دراسته ، من خلال بيان مفاهيم المصطلحات السابقة مع بيان تاثير الشعر الجاهلي وكيف اسس لهواكيف كانت سلطته في الحفاظ عليها بصورتها الجاهلية في الاشعار اللاحقة ، وعلمت في هذا الفصل بالحديث عن مواطن تاثير الشعر الجاهلي من جانب المعاني ، وقد التزمت البحث ضمن دائرة القضايا التي تخص المعنى .واعقبت تلك الفصول الثلاثة خاتمة البحث التي برزت النتائج التي توصلت اليها من خلال الدراسة ، ثم اثبت في نهاية الرسالة قائمة المصادر والمراجع التي اعتمدها البحث ، واعقبتها بملخص انجليزي اشرت فيه لفكرة عامة عن الرسالة ومحتوياتها . | The pre - Islamic Poetry is regarded as a basis for Arabic culture. Criticism accompanied that culture since the beginning by evaluating poets and their poems in terms of the committed mistakes and by encouraging their efficient performance. Throughout my research, I found out a great movement and tendency towards the pre - Islamic form of the Arabic poetry in its form and meanings. This study has been built on the fact of the existence of the pre - Islamic poetry's a authority extended for a long time. This fact has been proven by detecting the traces of poets, scientists and critics about these aspeds that we can apparently find in the nowadays poems. We concluded this fact by a thorough discussion of critics and scientist' opinions to find out the standards for their criticism.According to the abovementioned information, the thesis is entitled " the Aspects of pre - Islamic poetry's effect on old Arabian criticism". The study has a huge scientific materials and period of time, as well as, enriched with literature and criticism. Thus, the study dealt with the early stages of pre - Islamic literature in addition to the aspects of Arabic poetry in the stages that follows, as well as, dealing with the pre - Islamic poems in terms of its topics and technique . This study took place from the early Islamic period with its critical signs which revealed by the prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) that strengthen the effect of the pre - Islamic techniques of poetry. This study has been supported by the opinions of the first level poets, the righteous caliphs , the scientists and critics who enriched the Arabic heritage works that affect people untill the Abbassid era.We can say here that the establishment of the Arabic criticism started since the pre - Islamic period of poetry that gave us the signs of criticism. Then the mature opinion of criticism have begun to be approached by the Linguists, intepreters and writers for their efforts in rooting the Arabic sciences based on the pre - Islamic era, criticism was one of these sciences. Therefore, all the abovementioned information will be tackled in this thesis.In order to accomplish these individual topics, the thesis was divided into three chapters preceeded by an introduction about the effect of pre - Islamic poetry on the formulation of relegious sciences and the dependence of preachers and interpreters on poetry to prove their theories. In addition, the introduction dealt with the impact of pre - Islamic poetry on the formulation of Arabic Linguistics.The first chapter which included five sections dealt with the technique of Arabic poems and their relation with pre - Islamic poetry, as well as, the way in which the poem keeps the same structure across the ages . The first section presented a complete vision on the pre - Islamic poets' opinions about themselves for being affected by the early poets of the same era which , in turn , represented an aspect of poetry's effect on criticism . Moreover, the section shed light on prophet Muhammad's (Pbuh) sayings that affected by the technique of pre - Islamic era, then the opinions of righteous caliphs and critics that proved that effect. As for the second section, the researcher tackled the poems' beginnings which included the preface and introduction. The next section the journey in the pre - Islamic poetry. The fourth section dealt with the purpose of writing poems and their effect in the pre - Islamic era. As for the fifth section , it tackled the good riddance and its various types for Arab, as well as, the old poetry authority in addition to the way Arabs poets develop this style.Chapter two contained the study of the effect of pre - Islamic poetry on criticising the technique of poems that early poets talked including : ( The nomade effect, the inlay, the apprenticeship, the difference between a poem and rajiz , the old and the new poetry ). Each of these issues were talked individually in reference with the meaning in chapter three.The last chapter assured what has been proven in the previous two chapter . It contained important issues in the history of Arabic poetry that almost all related to the meanings . These issues were (The mistake in description, the purpose, the robberies, exaggeration, problematic issues, clearliness and vagueness). The researcher explained these concepts and terms to explain the impact of pre - Islamic poetry on other ages. The researcher also showed this impact in terms of meanings.The conclusion then followed the previous three chapters that highlighted the results of the study. A list of references has been written after that, as well as, an abstract in English.

التقابل الدلالي في ديوان السيد سليمان الكبير ت 1211هـ : دراسة لغوية على المستويات == Semantic Synonym in Collection of Mr. Sulaiman Al - Kabir died in (1211 H.) A linguistic study at the levels

Author name: صفا جابر خضير المكنوشي
Supervisor name: افراح عبد علي الخياط
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The tragic incident of al - Hussein (peace be upon him) shook the throne of heaven and earth, a violent shock that had a great impact on the hearts of the pious souls who refused to submit to slavery except for Allah Almighty. The issue of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) is not related exclusively to the Shaia Sect , that is, any human being, whether in the West or the East of the world, was a Muslim or not and sacrificed himself for the sake of the sovereignty of great good , humanity and peace .This incident, as we have mentioned, had a great impact on the free souls, especially the expressive souls represented by the poets. A large number of poets emerged who produce there influence in the form of creativity that simulates what happened to Imam Hussein and his household (peace be upon them) in the day of Ashura until they were called later The Poets of Al - Taff "So, it was said : Shaia literature, and it was also said : Did you find a writer who is not Shiite, because the suppression and pain push man to write and portray the situation in the view of the written verse and as long as one feels revenge and the heat of vengeance does not sleep for his vengeance, undoubtedly he will be pushed to portray his situation describing the painfulness of his own, comforting his grief in his days , nights, meditations and meetings" 1.From this point of view, I chose a poet from the poets of the Al - Taff , Sayid. Sulaiman Al - Kabir, who died (1211 H.), thispoet who diversified the poetic purposes in his collection, as he followed the approach of the ancients in writing in all the traditional purposes. The most employed purpose in his collection is lamentation especially the lamination of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), while the other purposes of praise , lamentation , satire and others came second after this purpose, and for the poet's style of words were easy words derived from the context in which it is received and the style of the poet has a big role in this language to employ psychologically and objectively of the poet. That's through his style.And after my reading to the collection of Sayid. Suleiman I found in the verses of the poet the sense of corresponding is deeply rooted to the extent that considers this case as a prominent phenomena. So, I decided to study the corresponding in the verse of Sayid. Suleiman and my research' title was ( The Semantic Corresponding in the Collection of the Great Sayid. Suleiman, died in(1211 H.).In conclusion, I would like to say that the reason for my choice of this subject is the strong connection to the Ahal Albait (peace be upon them), especially Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), who touched with his cause for which he went out in the day of Ashura free hearts and ignited the fire of revenge for those who won by blood of the swords on the account of injustice And hypocrisy , so I have the honor to go into such a topic about the one who cried the angels of heaven, if there is in my research merits can be mentioned , thanks to the Lord of the world .

رد الشبهات في عصمة الانبياء (عليهم السلام) في القران الكريم : دراسة لغوية == The rejection of suspicions in the infallibility of the Prophets (peace be upon them) in the Quran_ language study

Author name: رباب موسى نعمة الصافي
Supervisor name: جنان منصور كاظم الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah who make the hearts of his servants ready to receive the flood guidance, and threw upon their insights from the lights of his knowledge what clear the facts of his revelation to them, and his words has expanded and elaborated on their minds, and then his subtleties and oddities have brightened, and entrusted in their holy books the miracle of understanding that testified the miracle of regulation, prayers and peace be upon the best of those Who sent them to His servants Abu Al - Qasim Mohammed and upon his glorious progeny, Having said that : Perhaps it is a sign of miracles that the Holy Quran opens horizons of academic studies, and shining out of his knowledge what makes you look more brilliant and better guided. After I had finished my preparatory study, I prepared for my doctorate thesis, the dream that cherished my mind a long time ago has become a reality for me, then I became before a matter which is not easy to overcome, and I engaged to a task for which its finishing and overcoming does not mean ending for all its requirements, as it is higher and more solemn, but If you cannot take it all, do not leave it all, so it is an honor to me to go along with those who search for the secrets of the Arabic language and its sciences. Praise be to Allah who granted the Arabic language working servants and bestowed them knowledge and gave them provision of earnestness and sincerity, they became supporters and keepers of them, perishing ages for them and fill books with them. The prophethood, which Allah has made it limited to a number of His human creatures to be guiders for people in the course of their lives to be built on the basis of wisdom unless the individual entrusted with the group of certain characteristics that is distinguished from the others.The prophethood is a special privilege that Allah has singled out for a number of his allies, as he said in his holy book (Quran) : ((Those were the ones upon whom Allah bestowed favor from among the prophets of the descendants of Adam and of those We carried [in the ship] with Noah, and of the descendants of Abraham and Israel, and of those whom We guided and chose. When the verses of the Most Merciful were recited to them, they fell in prostration and weeping.)) In spite of this divine selection of them, and distinguish them from other human beings and communicate with Allah by the revelation, nevertheless they have been exposed to many forms of skepticism and a range of impugnment until they launch a charge against, them with the major sins and prohibited abominable acts, On the other hand, there is a group of people who have glorified them in piety and purity and distinguished them from other people.This is why I thought to study this topic to be my PhD. thesis, and based on the nature of the study and its obligations, the research divided into three chapters preceded by introduction and preface, and followed by the conclusion, and the preface was a presentation of the concept of inerrancy (infallibleness) and the differences among the Islamic sects in opinions, while the first chapter is a study of the significance of the Quranic vocabulary in the verses of the infallibility, which was divided into four researches, the first is the indication of the words (عصى disobeyed and غوى went astry) directed to Adam (peace be upon him) by disobedience, and the second was to study the significance of the words (نقدر we can and الظالمين oppressors) directed to Yunus (pbuh)and the third was to study the word (نسيت I forgot) said by Moses (pbuh), the fourth was to study the meaning of the word ( وزرك your sin) addressed at the Prophet Mohammed (Prayers and blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny).The second chapter was devoted to the study of the morphological formula in the verses of infallibility, which includes three researches, the first of which was to study the significance of the formula of individuals in the reign of David and Solomon and accusation of the prophet David of the mistake in judgment, and the second was competent to study the significance of the name of preference (الاعلى supreme) in the accusation of Moses (pbuh) with fear, the third was to study the significance of the name of the preference (ضالا astray) in the attribution of misguidance to the Messenger (Prayers and blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny).The third chapter was concerned with the study of the grammatical significance in the verses of infallibility, which was divided into three researches as well, the first was in the method of deletion and included : first, deleting the related part of the sentence conditional answer in accusing Prophet Yusuf (pbuh) in intending to perform the act, and secondly, deleting the related part of present participle in accusing Prophet Moses (pbuh) in astray, and thirdly deleting the object in accusing Prophet Moses (pbuh) to ask for the vision of Allah Almighty, and the second research was to study the significance of defining the grammatical reference and also included : firstly, determining the reference of pronouns in the word (ردوها return..), secondly, identifying the actor's reference to his action in accusing Abraham (peace be upon him) by lying, and thirdly, defining the reference of speech its author which is divided into : - Specifying the reference of the speech with the doubt. - Determining the reference of the speech to forgiveness of guilt. - Determining the reference of the speech by frown and turning away.In the third research, I have studied the significance of the methods in the verses of infallibility and included : firstly, the significance of the conditional method in the affliction of the honorable Prophet in accusing him also of Polytheism, and secondly, the significance of forbidding the Prophet in accusing him of obeying polytheists and hypocrites, and thirdly, the significance of the method of supplication in accusing the Prophet in doing sin, and finally we mentioned the findings of the research in the conclusion.

الاعمال والاهمال النحويان في القران الكريم == Validating or neglecting Grammatically in Holy Koran

Author name: عادل غانم طعمة
Supervisor name: خديجة عبد الرزاق الحديثي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: Aliraqia University - College Of Arabic Language And Quran Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The meaning of validating is a grammatically term, and that is what caused changes in the last of words, and the working term may be verb at most, or may be name or character. The neglecting is leaving that work in working term for some reason or lack of work conditions if it was working with specific conditions, the neglecting may be in the original word that mean, the word is not working in origin, it is against validating or it’s the opposite. This subject Examines in these terms (working or neglected) based on what came in the holy Koran, evidence and examples, and not extrapolated inventory, and as required by the foundations of scientific research came as follows : 1 - Introduction : Brief Outlining for the explanation and illustration of research, and we thanks who proposed the topic of our elders, and the our reason for selecting him, and we thanks who cooperating with us in this search.2 - Foreword : Manipulating the two terms ( Validating and neglecting) in grammatically and traditionally means as well as in Arabic grammar. 3 - Chapter I : studying validating and neglecting in Arabic grammar and synonyms of terms, and what they based on of Arabic grammar assets, and types of factors.4 - Chapter II : Manipulating the verbal factor (verb and name) as receipt in holy Koran, and its mentioned in few non - famous readings. And its manifests from the holy Koran and what's agreed of grammar books.5 - Chapter III : deals with verbal factor ( working characters) and on the basis of previous chapter itself.6 - Chapter IV : examines the moral factor, and deals with the grammar means and clarify them, and we put with him dialectic cases for factor.7 - Chapter V : deals with characters always grammatically neglected, and also based on holy Koran in its meaning and the examples of explanation and study.8 - Conclusion : It is an Abstract for the study, and summarization of research results.9 - list of references and resources : books, or research, or thesises, or magazines, we use or adopted in our study. We completing this study as a part of the requirements for doctorate degree in Arabic language Department, from College of Language and Koran Sciences at the Islamic University / Baghdad, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Khadija Abdul Razzaq al - Hadithi, great thanks for her distortions and evaluation for mistakes, and the developed Platform that we use as a guide for us, and I thank her once again, and I thank all elders, our friends who helped us in completion of this work and God who is the conciliator

المكان في الدراسات السردية العراقية الحديثة نشاتها واتجاهاتها == The place in modern Iraqi narrative studies Its origins and trends

Author name: لواء تقي عبد نور العيساوي
Supervisor name: فاروق محمود عبد الله الحبوبي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The place has played a prominent role in the modern narrative texts, since it has become a major unit in it; where the concept of place has witnessed an expansion of symbolic, symbolic and aesthetic, the exposure opens wide horizons to the aesthetics of the narrative text as well as its symbolism and functionBased on the above, critics have been working on the subject of the place after it, which is the basis of narrative work, not only as an area in which events occur, but as a means to probe the depths of the human sense associated with conscience and what belongs to it. The place of the earth, the home and the homeland, and what surrounds these things and other intimacy and belonging , Hostility and division, all of which have profound artistic values, connotations and purposes.Thus, the importance of the place appears in its cultural, psychological and political dimension, on the one hand, and its artistic dimension, which is characterized by its profound impact on the elements of novel construction on the other, is clear. This has made many critics and scholars cast their allegiance in this field. Some of them claimed leadership, The study aims to trace the origin of the study of place in the modern Iraqi narratives, and examine this critical discourse through a descriptive methodology with an analytical vision aimed at The study of the place in the modern Iraqi narratives, its origins and trends. The researcher reported from the sources that I meant to study the place in the Iraqi monetary studies, which formed the main motto in the construction ofBthe thesis, As well as Arab and Western sources, which provided us with a wide area of movement and research.This thesis came in a preface, and three chapters followed by a conclusion that included the main findings of the researchWe devoted the preface to address the problematic of the term, and to stop the research when the critics used the terms (space and space), and what these terms of the overlap of semantic and procedural.The first chapter was entitled "The Origins of the Study of Place in Literature". This chapter was divided into three sections. The first one was concerned with the study of the place in the Western scholars. The emergence of the place phenomenon in Arabic literature.In the second chapter we studied the mechanisms of studying the place in the early Iraqi studies. This chapter was divided into three sections, the first one was concerned with the study of dividing the place and the second studied the construction of the place, description and composition. ). The third chapter was entitled (Directions of the study of the place). It was divided into two sections, the first one was concerned with the study of the external direction. The course included the contextual monetary methods adopted by the critics in the approach of the place. This course follows the texts that guided the critics in the approach of the placeWe can summarize the main findings of the research as follows : - The development of the concept of place and completed as a theory that has an effective influence in the Western criticism by the French critic Gaston Pacheler, who studied the placeCaesthetically. This achievement was manifested in his famous book "Aesthetics of the Place ... : " - In spite of the delay of the Arab monetary achievement regarding the place, it recorded a turning point after the second half of the twentieth century, as the new concept of the novelist place began to appear in creative products and narrative money. However, it remained within the limits of the special glimpses that did not meet the theoretical level, Cash. - The Iraqi cash register was the pioneer in opening the horizon of Arab criticism on an issue that was not aware of the Arab culture. This was manifested by the Iraqi critic Yassin al - Nasir, who presented a realistic social vision of the place's relationship with the text - The research concluded that the Iraqi critic directed to monitor this dominant element (place) and its approach according to the monetary trends according to the intellectual and cultural backgrounds that emanate from it. The critics did not move away from two viewpoints, the first is an external trend and the other is a useful internal trend of contextual and textual monetary approaches in dealing with Literary texts.In conclusion, I would like to thank and thank all the media theologians, and our last prayer is to thank God, the Lord of the Worlds, and to pray to His Messenger, the faithful, the God and His Companions.

صورة الذات في شعر الشريف الرضي == Self - Image in the Poetry of Al Shareef Al Radhi

Author name: قاسم كريم احمد حمد الخولاني
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الودود عثمان الحمداني
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The idea of the study is to investigate the poetry of Al Shareef Al Radhi (d.406 A.H.) in a way that leads to the self - image in it. If we want to reach that aim, we should know the self and the image in isolation. Then, observe the poetry that contain it. Al Shareef Al Radhi is a poet that introduced himself to Arabic literature through his poetry.The significance of the study lies in carrying the name of a famous poet whose poetry still recited a thousand years since his death. On the other hand, the type and quality of his poetry that can be suitable to any type of scientific and critical studies.Al Shareef Al Radhi is regarded as the most accurate poet in description in his poetry. His poetry is the most accurate in documenting his life stages , the depth of his personality , and the secrets of his soul. He is regarded as one of the great Arab poets of all times. He was distinguished by the richness of his poetic art and the variety of the topics that it addressed. So, his poetry is regarded as a huge classic heritage that affected the literary and linguistic ideology to the extent that some of the early authors put him on the lead of all Arab poets of all time.Al Shareef Al Radhi was born in the fourth Hijri century (359A.H.) which is the peak of Islamic civilization. The Abbasid age is regarded as the greatest age in the Islamic history. It was the age of civilization, science, literature, intellectual opening. The fruit of that age was the names of the scientists and writers that reached to us. This advance was accompanied by the greatest episodes of political conflicts between the foreign interference represented by Buyid dynasty and Abbasid authority. This led to a great diturbance in the lifestyle ,especially, social life. It1created severe class differences to the extent that some have a huge fortune and others cannot afford their food.Al Shareef Al Radhi's family suffered from those circumstances. Adhudh Al Dawla arrested his father and imprisoned him in the caslle prison in Fars and confiscated his estates in 369 A.H. Al Shareef Al Radhi was only ten years old at that time.This study is divided into three chapters proceeded by an introduction and a background entitled "On the Concept of Self - image : A Theoretical Introduction". In the first chapter, which is entitled " Triggers of Self - occurring and the Crystallization of Image", the researcher discussed the triggers of his poetry which is accompanied by his poetic genius to write the greatest poem. One of these triggers is Islam and his strong faith and his noble origin because his fifth grandfather is Imam Musa bin Jaafar Al Khadhim (PUH) and connected to the golden chain that reaches the Prophet Mohammed (ABAPUH). The other poetic trigger is Arabism that was in his blood and a characteristic of his poetry as well as the social circumstances which is dealt with in a dedicated chapter due to its effect on the poet. His poetry was originated from his suffering. The last section of this chapter was devoted to discuss the poet's genius and innovation.The second chapter discussed the Beduinism which was a characteristic of his poetry by his pride in himself , self - mirror, and sense of exile.In the third chapter, the researcher discussed the compound self concept by following the dominant pattern and religious belonging. It also discussed the conservative self and the rebellious self.2The conclusion discussed extracts of self - image in the poetry of Al Shareef Al Radhi and the following findings of the study : 1. Al Shareef Al Radhi renewed Arabic language and vocabulary by the noble meaning of his poetry and innovating new vocabulary and others derived from imagination.2. His poetry was yearning for the genuine Arabic traditions. He was not affected by the appearances that corrupted the Islamic ethics which was clear in his metaphors.The conclusions also contained a recommendation which is the need for studying the poetic text in a qualitative way because it can respond to any critical method and carries a precious heritage.

شعر تميم بن مقبل في الدرس النقدي العربي القديم == The poetry of Tameem Bin Mukbil in The Classical Critical Lesson

Author name: مخلص سليم جاسم دلي
Supervisor name: وسن عبد المنعم ياسين الزبيدي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: The Importance of this study stems from the maven personality of Tameem bin Mukbil as he has his own finger print on Arabic literature specifically as he was pagan characteristics in his thoughts , spirit , habits and traditions Tameem respected Islam , but he believed that this religion separated him from his beloved wife "Aldahmaa" . He couldnt stop loving her and longing for her , although he married her after his fathers death as shy was his fathers wife originally . So he must treat her as a mother ,But he loved her and treated her as a beloved .Tameem was brilliant at description , love , pride , Satire , compliment , lamination complaint , wisdom and preachment which were dominant in the pre - Islamic literature . He used various eloquent styles like simile , metaphor and antonomasia beside other prosodic phenomena . He was a Muslim with a pagan spirit .

الاطلاق في الاحكام النحوية

Author name: اياد عبد الجبار احمد الويسي
Supervisor name: نصيف جاسم محمد علي الخفاجي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

القصيدة الومضة في الشعر العراقي المعاصر حتى 2010 م : دراسة فنية == The Coruscation Poen in Contemporary Iraq Poetry up to 2010 : artistic

Author name: سجى عبد الرضا هاشم العزاوي
Supervisor name: نوافل يونس سالم الحمداني
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Development is still going on in life and all fileds, especiallyliterature. Its development is of crystal clear impact on society itselfas it is regarded the mouthpiece of aggrieved and their righteousvoice. It is my love of poetry that urged me to be directed to thismajor and it was the plase of care and thought. Therefore I madeup my mind to delve in my depth so as to figure out whatsoeverport and cons in the inside of it.After thinking for a while, I have made up my decision, with theassistance of my supervisor, in choosing a topic in literturegenerally and poetry specifically that is dealing with the artisticside. After keen reading and cogniting the topic chosen was TheCoruscation Poem in Contemporary Iraqi Poetry up to 2013 : anArtisic Study I have labored hard to afford a portrait of the artisticvalue of the poem in literary devices system which mightcontribute in the expression. As far as I know, there is no previoussimilar study in the coruscation save the (Coruscation Poem) by(raed Jaradat) in Almustansiriya University which is a Ph.D.dissertation written in 2014 . Unfortunately , I did not have accessto this dissertation nethier in libraries nor by means of the authorhimself . As for me, I have shed light on poets of coruscation fromthe beginnings of the poet Ahmed Safi Elnaja up to the last of the2013 poets, wishing yet that I did not forget any f them.Throughout collecting the information and sources, and embarkingon writing the thesis. I have found out that the outline of the thesisis to be comprising of a perfase, three chapters of three sectionseach and a conclusion .The prefase tackled the scope of the term focusing mainly on thewhere and when was the beginning and flourishing of coruscationpoem, whether it is of valus or not, names it is known in andnumber. The first chapter, which is concentrating on coruscationas image, is subdivided into three section the first dealt with thesimile and its devices that are included in the poem, the secondtackled personification, incarnation and metaphor in the poem inaddition to defining it via my analysis of the poem, while sectionthree was alloted to the metony my image in which I have dealtwith everything comprising metonymy and its artistic image through analyzing the poetic texts.Moreover, chapter tow is dedicated to the study of condensation and is divided into three section. The first contained semantic and stylistic condensation the second was entitled condensation and shadows of meaning while the third was about condensation anachronism and its relation to coruscation poem. In the third chapter I studied coruscation in terms of prosody. It is also divided into three sections; the first was about assonance and alliteration in coruscation and their relation to each other the second dealt with repetition and contrast while the third was entitled coruscation prosody and whether it has a phonetic prosody. It might be worth noting that despite the difficulties and obstacles faced in terms of lack of pervious studies and references, yet, I was capable of achieving this study wishing it to be in the service of literature.

اتجاهات نقد الرواية في صحيفة الاديب الثقافية 2016 م - 2003 == Trends in Novel Criticism in Al - Adeeb Newspaper (2003 - 2016)

Author name: هبة جاسم محمد عباس الطائي
Supervisor name: خالد علي یاس
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This study investigates the known concrete samples (articles), published in Al - Adeeb cultural journal, by research and observing. Those samples are identified by the critical article style analyzing and criticizing the novel. Therefore, the study is divided into two sections, one section deals with the academic criticism. This section is divided into two chapters, the first chapter adopted the formal structural approach, while the second adopted the postmodern approach. The second section deals with press style which is divided into two chapters. The first chapter introduces the Impressionist monetary (interpreter). The second chapter introduces the interrelated criticism (hybrid) which show similar visions that is the absence of rhetoric with its stable intellectual approaches. Therefore, this study is based on the discrimination between two types of novel criticism, one adopting critical approaches and known methods and the other which is uncommitted to them

عبد الغفار حامد هلال وجهودة اللغوية

Author name: محمود يوسف رميض رجب العباسي
Supervisor name: ليث اسعد عبد الحميد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

شروح ابيات كتاب سيبويه : دراسة تحليلية == The Reviews of the Verses of Sibaweih's "Al Kitaab" (The Book) : Investigation and Analysis

Author name: ابراهيم عبد الرحمن محمد
Supervisor name: ليث اسعد عبد الحميد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Sibaweih's "Al Kitaab" is regarded as the first and the most comprehensive book that reached us. It is was the book that is the mostly studied and investigated among other books. The efficiency in this book was in the originality of expression and the power of the structure.As this book has took a great deal of study, some of the many major scholars conducted reviews, comments, illustration to its verses, and investigations to its structures in most of the capitals of the Islamic states from east to west. Due to its importance, the number of those reviews reached to twenty. The only reviews that reached us are four : "The Review of Sibaweih's Verses" by Abu Ja'afar Al Nahhas (d.328 A.H.), "The Review of Sibaweih's Verses" by Ibn Al Sirafi (d. 385 A.H.), the third review was called "Tahseel Ein Al Thahab" by Al A'lam Al Shantamri (d. 476 A.H.), the last review was by Afif Eddin Al Kufi (d. 696 A.H.) which was a script that is not available in our country. So the study was based on the first three reviews. It is worth mentioning that the review of Abu Ja'afar Al Nahhas was not real. It is either a shorthand of the original review, or attributed to him, which is the truth. The study reached the following conclusions : 1. Concerning the methodology of writing and reviewing : a. The introduction of Al Nahhas's review was too short that did not cover all the aspects; Al Sirafi did not write an introduction to his review; while Al Shantamri's introduction was comprehensive and he was committed to it in his review.b. Al Shantamri followed the same order of the original book in his review while the review of Al Sirafi had some overlap and fusion of some verses. On the other hand, Ibn Al Sirafi's review was random and did not follow the original order. c. Ibn Al Nahhas's review was very brief and sometimes he did not comment on the verses, while Al Sirafi illustrated the meanings of the utterances , the rules, and the examples. Al Shantamri's review was less detailed than Al Sirafi.2. Concerning the basics of grammar.a. The authors paid much attention to irregularities without admitting that.b. The authors used less Quranic examples. In the review of Al Nahhas, 24 examples and seven in the Quran recitiations were used. In the review of Ibn Al Sirafi has 37 examples and seven examples on recitations. Al Shantamri brought 31 Quranic examples and two examples on recitations.c. The authors did not use Hadith in their examples except two examples by Al Shantamri. The study was organized into three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The introduction contained a brief illustration on the significance of Sibaweih's work and his use of poetic examples as well as the reviews written on it. It also contained a brief biography of the three reviewers.The first chapter studied the review writers' methods and their resources. It was divided into two sections. The first section discussed the reviewers methods while the second section discussed their resources. The second chapter was devoted to the study of the basics of grammar. It was divided into three sections. The first section dealt with irregularities, the second discussed assessing, while the third discussed reasoning. There was no need to make a section about the reviewers agreements because there was only two points in Al Shantamri.The third chapter was a grammatical and linguistic study to the three reviews. It was divided into three sections. The first section was a grammatical study. The second section was a linguistic study. While the third section was about poetry and poetic license.The study ended in a conclusion of the results of the study followed by a bibliography and an abstract in English

البحث المعجمي في كتب معاني القران للفراء والاخفش والزجاج == Lexical Research in the books of the Holly Qur'an(Maa'ny Al Qur'an) by Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj

Author name: هدى كريم هادي صالح الجبوري
Supervisor name: ابراهيم رحمن حميد الاركي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: It is well known that Arabic language is an acquired social phenomenon that keeps growing and developing with time ; it is unstable. The words used earlier by the Arabs were forgotten over the passage of time and became vague and not understood, therefore the experts of science and Arabic languagerealized the importance of including the Arabic words in dictionaries and books of meanings with their explanations. They do so in order to keep the Arabic language from vanishing , because it is the identity of the Arabs and the language of the Holly Qur'an. The Arabic words with their explainedmeanings found in the books of meanings of the Holly Qur'anby Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjajmade a huge tempting material for the researcher to propose this study entitled (Lexical Research in the books of Meanings of the HollyQur'an (Maa'ny Al Qur'an)by Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj (a balanced study).This study aims at presenting the words of the Holly Qur'an with their meanings besides the basicand the secondary methods of explanation used by Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj in their books entitled Maa'ny Al Qur'an. Also, it aims at showing the indications of the semantic development and the methods adopted in interpreting a lexical item in Maa'ny Al Qur'an.The researcher followed different methods to achieve the desired scientific truth including balancing, analyzing, discussing and commenting.The researcher depended on different resources including the following books : AL - Ain, al - Muzhir, Al - Misbah Al - Muneer fi Ghareeb Al - Sharh Al - Kabeer and Language by Findris. Besides a number of theses , researches and magazines including the Lexical senseused by the Arabs( a theoretical and practical study),Semantics by Ibn Al - Jinny's Al - Khasais and Lexical research by Al - Raghib Al - Asbhani's Al - Mufradat fi Ghareeb Al - Qur'an.The recent study consists of an introduction including the division of chapters, a preface entitled resources of Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj in the lexical lesson. The study contains three chapters. Chapter one entitled (The basic and secondary methods of explanation adopted by Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj in introducing the Lexical meaning in their books Maa'ny Al Qur'an) is divided into three sections : 1 - Section one : The basic and secondary methods of explanation adopted by Al - Farra' in introducing the Lexical meaning in his book (Maa'ny Al Qur'an).1 - Section Two : The basic and secondary methods of explanation adopted by Al - Akhfash in introducing the Lexical meaning in his book (Maa'ny Al Qur'an).1 - Section Three : The basic and secondary methods of explanation adopted by Al - Zajjaj in introducing the Lexical meaning in his book(Maa'ny Al Qur'an). The first chapter also includes a conclusion of a balance made among the three books concerning the material introduced in this chapter.Chapter two entitled ( Lexical Development and the adopted methods used in explaining the item lexically using Maa'ny Al Qur'an b Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj) is divided into three sections : 1 - Section one : The signs of lexical development and the adopted methods used in explaining the item lexically in Al - Farra' Maa'ny Al Qur'an.2 - Section Two : The signs of lexical development and the adopted methods used in explaining the item lexically in Al - AkhfashMaa'ny Al Qur'an.3 - Section Three : The signs of lexical development and the adopted methods used in explaining the item lexically in Al - ZajjajMaa'ny Al Qur'an.This chapter ends with a conclusion of a balance made among the three books concerning the material introduced in this chapter.Chapter three entitled (Figuring out the meaning of the lexical item in Maa'ny Al Qur'an by Al - Farra', Al - Akhfash and Al - Zajjaj) is dividede into three sections : 1 - Section One : Figuring out the meaning of the lexical item in Maa'ny Al Qur'an by Al - Farra'.2 - Section Two : Figuring out the meaning of the lexical item in Maa'ny Al Qur'an by Al - Akhfash. 3 - Section Three : Figuring out the meaning of the lexical item in Maa'ny Al Qur'an by Al - Zajjaj.This chapter ends with a conclusion of a balance made among the three books concerning the material introduced in this chapter

شروح التعريف في ضروري التصريف لابن مالك ت 276 ه : دراسة تحليلية موازنية

Author name: هدى داود سليم عبد علي
Supervisor name: عبد الرسول سلمان ابراهيم الزيدي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: Morphology has a great importance in the linguistic lesson in ancient time and lately, it regards to the internal building of words and which has known in their originality, situations and chapters.But, because the position of this science and its importance, the researcher has been attracted to study morphological study, the researcher selected a study in " Shoroh Al - Mukhter, in Morphology thus the study entitled ( shroh altareef fi dhrory altasreef for Ibn Malik of an analytical and balance study). The study has been divided into three chapters preceded by a preface, followed by a conclusion.Preliminary, the study dealt with the life of commentators and most important explanations print and non - print, in the first chapter the researcher studied commentators efforts and their own curriculum. In the second chapter, the researcher tackled with the resources of commentators and morphological in industry indications. The third chapter addresses the morphological topics in the alshoroh. In the conclusion, the researcher showed the most important findings, including the best explanations of the book, and identifying his figures which have not been studied before, and the statement of their views in morphological issues and clarifies his controversial and status toward it, as well as, this study has allowed the balance between the worlds, a great figure of the seventh century and another one from the world of the flags of the eighth A.H.

الفاظ انواع التمور في العراق : دراسة دلالية معجمية مصورة == PRONUNCIATIONS OF TYPES OF DATES IN IRAQ (A Photographed, Semantic, and Lexical Study)

Author name: ضياء احمد حميد حسين
Supervisor name: نصيف جاسم محمد علي الجبوري
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: This study entitled (Pronunciations of Types of Dates in Iraq (A Photographed, Semantic, and Lexical Study)) is exactly interested with searching the pronunciation of dates in Iraq. The pronunciations were really mentioned in old dictionaries. Since thetypes could not be sure by its extinction, or existing because palm trees are renewed continuously. Each planted date nucleus is a project for a new brand restricted to quality standards in breeding from inbreeding. As the new brands are named in new names. Theysignify names of different varieties of (dates). Here, comes the role of Arabic language in revealing the names and since Iraq is the first country in growing palm dates and has brands reaching to one thousand brand, this study was done to gather these brands in oldand modern ages according to reliable agricultural classifications and referring them back to dictionaries, linguistics, countries, eloquence, history, and books of agriculture to stand closely on each significance for each brand. The difference of shape of the fruit color, size, and shape led to support each name with photographs that leads the reader to signify each brand with its name and shape. Some brands documented photographs were not found because of its rare existence, or extinction. This research is divided into two parts, the first deals with a group of special findings of dates like old and modern brands, the methods of manufacturing names of dates according to their color, shape, owner of brand, place of growing the brand, ways of forming and imagery, stages that dates pass by, differences in pronouncing the name in old and modern ages, effect of nearby languages by transliterating and foreign in naming the brands. The researcher shed light on the importance of naming the colors, and dkl (worst brands of dates) and their differences in dictionaries. The significance of brands, dates, types, and sex. As for the second part of this research, it comprises names of dates in Iraq and describing them agriculturally and revealing its significance semantically. Since some pronunciations were gathered from different environments and has, more than one significance the nearest significance was taken. It could be said that this research a photographed dictionary of names of Iraq dates could have linguistic benefit for language and agricultural departments.

قرائن المعنى في ديوان الحماسة لابي تمام في ضوء شروحه == Sense Devices in Abu Tammam's "Divan Al Hamasa" (The Book of Zeal) in the Light of his Explanations

Author name: سهى ياسين زيد رشيد
Supervisor name: ليث اسعد عبد الحميد
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

اثر ابي تمام والبحتري والمتنبي في شعر الجواهري == Influence of Abi Tammam, Al - Buhturi and Al - Mutanabbi in Poetry of Al - Jawahiri

Author name: صندل سلمان ابراهيم النداوي
Supervisor name: صلاح مهدي الزبيدي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:

المباحث اللغوية والنحوية في (نخب الافكار في تنقيح مباني الاخبار في شرح معاني الاثار) للامام بدر الدين العيني (ت855هـ)

Author name: ابراهيم خلف صالح القيسي
Supervisor name: علي عبد الله حسين العنبكي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Diyala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
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