دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لمراتب من العائلة السوسنية Iridaceae النامية بريا في العراق == Comparative Systematic Study For The some Taxa of the Family Iridaceae wild growing in Iraq
Author name:
اريج عبد الستار فرمان الراوي
Supervisor name:
مازن نواف عبود العاني
Abstract:
The current study covered 14 taxa of the family Ireidaceae wiled growth in Iraq ,as it has a comparative systematic study of all morphological characters , pollengrains , anatomy , molecular , environmental and geographical distribution in detail , as well as the taxonomical treatment have been down for all taxa with keys for all taxa was done.Survey for must districts of Iraq was done to determined the distribution of taxa , therefor many collection were obtained , new location of taxa distribution were fixed and all the specimens collected including those from herbaria were identified.The comparative study of all the morphological characters of plant parts were recorded down in tables , as well as photo for deferent purposes. Priority taxonomic important were notice to subterranean stems (bulb , rhizome and corm) such as dimension , shape and outer cover of the bulbs and corms especially in genus Iris and Gladiolus.Stems showed very important in isolation and diagnosis , however varied among them , some have normal stems (Gynandriris , Gladiolus and some Iris species) , others have flowering stems (scape) in genus Crocus and some of Iris species.Leaves showed large variation among taxa in shape , dimensions and having sheath , as well as some taxa having stem leaves (Gladiolus and some species of Iris) , others have basal leaves (Gynandriris , Crocus and some Iris species). The variation in bracts and bracteoles in type , dimension and shape were used to identify taxa especially for species belonging to the genus Iris , Gladiolus and Gynandriris .The inflorecences variation were used for isolation and diagnoses especially to Iris species , as well as the variation in floral parts for all taxa, also used for diagnosis such as color , shape and accessory parts showed very important value for taxonomic purpose specially in Iris . Also fruits variations such as dimension , shape and having beak or not showed a great value in identification to Iris sp. , but seed variation have a good taxonomic value which used to identify taxa. The study of Light microscope ( L.M.) and Scanninig electron microscope (S.E.M.) to pollen grains specially in type was shown grate value of taxonomic mattresses , inaperturate pollen grains in some Iris species and monosulcate in taxa of Gladiolus , Gynandriris , Crocus and some species of Iris , as well as the differences in pollen shape , dimensions , sculpturing and germination apertures . The anatomical study for the vertical section of leaves and cross section of stems showed many differentiations of the shapes and tissues among taxa. All taxa shown Anomocytic type of stomatal complex.Molecular study results using Random amplified polymorphic DNA( RAPDPCR) technique appeared great importance among taxa . It was revealed the genetic relationships among 12 taxa belong to genus Iris and Gladiolus , separation of these taxa depending on the presence or absence of bands , and the number of these bands in the gel after electrophoreses , so this is evidence of a genetic diversity or polymorphism among the taxa , as well as obtaining a number of unique bands that give genetic DNA fingerprint for the definition of each taxon . The taxa of the family Iridaceae distributed to their growth sites after collection from the Iraqi distracts , as well as the environmental study to the sites of the plant growth , also the taxa will be distributed on the maps to their geographical distracts , so recorded many of new spreading areas . As a result of this study two species Iris madonna Dykes. and Gladiolus anatolicus Boiss. were identified as new record for Iraq and added to flora of Iraq.
