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التحليل المكاني للامراض المعدية في محافظة كربلاء 2013-2017 == Spatial Analysis of Contagious Diseases In Kerbala Governorate (2013-2017)

Author name: رغد عبد زيد علي الجميل

Supervisor name: احمد حمود محيسن السعدي | حسين فاضل عبد الشبلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Applied Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

التباين المكاني للتركيب الاقتصادي لسكان قضاء الاعظمية

Author name: ندى نجيب سلمان

Supervisor name: عبد مخور نجم الريحاني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

الصناعات المعدنية في مدينة كربلاء المقدسة واقعها واتجاهاتها المستقبلية == Mineral industries in the holy city of karbala reality and future trends

Author name: لواء قيس جاسم الزهيري

Supervisor name: عدي فاضل عبد الكعبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Mineral-industries-in-the-holy-city-of-karbala-reality-and-future-trends.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

الصناعات الصغيرة في محافظة ذي قار وابعادها التنموية == Small industries in the Governorate of Dhi Qar and developmental dimensions

Author name: صادق علي سعيد العبادي

Supervisor name: عادل مكي عطية الحجامي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

صناعة الطباعة في مدينة كربلاء المقدسة وابعادها التنموية == The printing industry in the Holy City of Karbala and developmental dimensions

Author name: زينة جلاب فجر عناد السعيدي

Supervisor name: عدي فاضل الكعبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

الهجرة القسرية والنزوح في العراق بعد عام 2003 واثاره المكانية : دراسة في الجغرافية البشرية == Forced migration and displacement in Iraq after the year 2003 and spatial effects/study in human geography

Author name: فاطمة صلاح مهدي سلمان المعموري

Supervisor name: عبد الزهرة علي الجنابي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Babylon - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Babylon

First pages:

تحليل جغرافي لمؤشرات التنمية البشرية في محافظة ذي قار == A Geographical Analysis of Human Development Indications in Thi - Qar Province

Author name: عبد الامير كاظم راشد الطائي

Supervisor name: عبد العالي حبيب حسين الركابي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

التوزيع الجغرافي للصناعات الاساسية في محافظة البصرة واثرها في التنمية الاقليمية : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية

Author name: حميد عطية عبد الحسين الجوراني

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دور العوامل الجغرافية في زراعة اشجار الفاكهة في ناحية الحسينية - محافظة كربلاء == The Role of geographical factors in the cultiration of fruit trees in husseiniya / karbala Govermorate hard

Author name: اشواق عبد الكاظم ارحيم علي الكناني

Supervisor name: رياض محمد علي عودة المسعودي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Applied Geography

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Role-of-geographical-factors-in-the-cultiration-of-fruit-trees-in-husseiniya-karbala-Govermorate-hard-.pdf.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: This study aim at investigating the role of geographical factors (physical - human - and environmental)in the culture and production of orchard crops in the land on Al - Husseiniya.The researcher relied on the premise that the geographical factors have a great role in the decline of the production of orchard crops in the area of study .in addition to the impact of environment factors on the deterioration of agriculture of orchard crops.The physical factors have been studied : they include (location .geological composition . surface .climate. water resources .and soil) in the area of study.cultivating drainage system .The study has diagnosed the impact of some climate factors in the decline of the production of orchard crops and the deterioration of their quality .in addition to low rain ratio and its fluctuation as some farmes in the area depend on ground water and drainage system water for the lack of surface water. Moreover sample were taken from ground water wells.the first sample was from Al - Farashiya region the second was from Al - Jankana region in order to investigate their physical and chemical properties .It appeared that salt rate was high in the ground water .Sample were also collected from Al - Razaza drainage water which proved to be inadequate for irrigating crops.The most salient conclusion the study has arrived at is that human factor have a big role in the reduction of crop production and the dividing the property of agricultural premises is the worst in its effect on agricultural land .this factor results from two reasons. The first is the heritage system and land division to distribute it among familynumbers .The second reason is land owners desire to divide the land for selling it as residential plots to make an income that is considered higher than that which comes from farming .This results in the decrease of the size of agricultural land which leads to the reduction of government support as this support is in the form of providing agricultural equipment (like fertilizers.seeds.pesticides.and machinery) to encourage formers to practice agriculture .While the fact is that government had no tangible role in that . The study has also pointed to the importance of environmental factors which include pests and damages to stored crops is considered the worst past that attacks palm trees in the region of the study while is the most dangerous to citrus and fruit trees in addition to weeds and rodents .The study also includes the challenges that face the cultivation of orchard crops and the future directions to develop crops cultivation in the Ares through suggesting aappropriate solutions

تحليل العلاقات المكانية لوفيات الاطفال الرضع في محافظة كربلاء للمدة (1997 - 2014م) == Analysis Of Spatial Relationships Of Infant Mortality In Karbala Cover Narrate For A Proud (1997 - 2014)

Author name: حيدر محمد زغير الكريطي

Supervisor name: احمد حمود محيسن السعدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: Dealt with this athisis (the analysis of spatial relationships of infant mortality in the cover norate of Karbala, for the period (1997 - 2014). It stems importance of this issue from being one of the important indicators which measure the extent of the development of the state in various fields, whether economic, social or health, so the purpose of this study to estimate the size of the infant mortality rate in the province of Karbala and distributed geographically according to the problem of administrative units of the province, whether this distribution annually, according to the study period or seasonally as well, as well as the knowledge of the most important pathogenic causes of infant mortality, whether biological potential or environmental, as well as the most important demographic, economic and social variables affecting on the size of the infant mortality rate in the province of Karbala. To achieve these goals require the researcher data that will help in achieving the desired objectives of the collection and the office work first steps researcher at the stages of data collection which included an inventory and review of the sources, research and topographic maps, as well as official data and statistics collection from ministries and departments related to the subject of the study, it is known The vital statistics are always marred by inaccuracies and shortages and uncertainty, particularly with regard to the statistics of the small Territories, so it makes it imperative for the researcher not adopted dramatically In light of this, the researcher adopted in bridging the lack of such data on a field study, which was started researcher 01/12/2014 and ended on 20 / 3/2015 Any The field study four months continued , During this period, the required data collection through field visits , both for hospitals or primary health care centers and the registration of births and deaths offices in the districts of the province centers as well as other services related to the study , in addition to the design of the questionnaire supplement form (1) that it has been designed on the study area which were distributed ( 1000 ) form a random manner of a subsidiary of the study area and administrative units according to the environment based on the ration card data in Karbala province accessory (2) as limited and numbering to 2009 data. It was relying on descriptive analytical method and approach in the search merits of this subject and treatment of different angles and dimensions and trends as well as the use of a quantitative method has been used standard class which are determined by the relationship accurately and distribute any demographic phenomenon according to levels where reveal how far the phenomenon from the middle of arithmetic, also has been used simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) to determine the degree of relationship between the variables through the use of statistical program (spss) (Statistical bag of Social Sciences) for the purpose of clarifying the impact of the independent variables in the dependent variable (the phenomenon of the study) in order to get out real explanations for infant mortality and spatial distribution in the province of Karbala. The study found that the size of the infant mortality in the city of Karbala and during the period (1997 - 2013) stood at ( 19 877 ) thousand deaths has got an average of 1242 and the death of a distributed during the years ( 1997 - 2013 ) , and using equation ( William Brass ) to correct the infant mortality rate is the total number of deaths to ( 25 850 ) thousand deaths with an average of ( 1561 ) deaths , as well as the study revealed the superiority of the male deaths to female deaths in all years of the study , the study also found that infant mortality in the first Chehrhm more than infant mortality from the age of one month to one year and sometimes up to double the number of female deaths. The main causes of the study that recorded as cases causing infant mortality is (respiratory diseases, diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the weight loss, and diseases of bacterial blood poisoning, and congenital malformations) and different ratios of these diseases during the years of study diseases of the weight loss and blood diseases poisoning Bacterial diseases of the digestive system was one of the most important diseases causing infant mortality in 1997 down to 2003 but after these years differed relative diseases and recorded new diseases most important congenital malformations, which began their rates to rise year after year, diarrheal diseases and other diseases that recorded after 2003 diseases up to 2013 m. The results of the study and also by using Pearson correlation coefficient that there is a strong and real virtual link between most of the variables adopted by the study as independent variables affect the infant mortality that variable. The study also showed that the infant mortality rate RPR contrast either spatially or seasonally or annually during the years of the study

تقييم كفاءة خدمات التعليم الجامعي (الاهلي) في محافظة كربلاء وابعاده الحضرية == Efficiency Assess Of Higher Education (Private) In Karbala Province And The Urban Dimensions

Author name: اسامة احمد عبد الصاحب المسعودي

Supervisor name: رياض كاظم سلمان الجميلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The study focused in its objectives and approach used to study higher education services (private) in Karbala province, to assess the efficiency and the spatial distribution of these services in the province, analysis and Identify the suitability of this distribution with the requirements of the population and gathering their essential needs of this service, focusing on the reality of the human and geographical indications for this service, and the statement of its impact on urban System of the Karbala city. Depending on results of the study using a variety of scientific methods mainly based on a field study which this service institutions included each of the (University of Ahl al - Bayt, Ibn Hayyan College, Alsfwa college, AL - Hussein engineering college and AL - tuff college), as well as the analysis many of the quality standards set by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and compare it with the reality of these indicators where, Area, number of students in the lecture hall, providing conferences and seminars hall, libraries, sport stadiums, and student clubs, utilities and private, medical clinics, the lecturers ratio to the number of students, in order to assess the efficiency of this service, and the use of stylistic standard distance and presumption closest to know how these institutions are distributed as well as many quantitative and statistical methods as a parameter the link and the coefficient of linear regression of many of the service variables neighbor, as well as the use of a standard degree of satisfaction with the service and students easy access index. It was clear that these institutions did not achieve high efficiency in the provision of standards stipulated by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, the Greatly lack in the space allotted for the students of the total area of the educational institution, as well as the lack of open spaces and green spaces and the lack of references in libraries and the lack of health clinics as well as for lack of dormitories in most of these institutions, despite the recognition by the ministry, but they did not achieve the appropriate amount of these criteria, either for their geographical distribution was suffering from a random and irregular. As it turns out that the number of students enrolled in the study which formed 2.5% of the total age group at the age of university study (18 - 24 years) in the province, either for reasons that prompted students to study at private colleges found that 34% of the number of students preferred to study the result of the availability of scientific disciplines that they wish to study, such as law, pharmacy, dentistry, and the (65%) of the students preferred to study there as a result of dissatisfaction with the central admission in government institutions, in spite of higher wages for study in some of these sections , function as a pharmacy and dentistry department. The ease of access for students University of folks index recorded the highest in the House easily accessible by (49%) of the students who live less than 5 km distance near the University. As for the time spent on the trip was the Ahl al - Bayt University the best of these institutions, as recorded percentage (62%) of the students, they may take 30 minutes of time. Clear imbalance in the public transport efficiency also scored in the province where we recorded 73% of students are using private transport in the trip to university, that an indicator of the weakness of public transport in the province. Degree of satisfaction with the standard of service provided to students in institutions degree of satisfaction with the service provided to them varied as it was the highest percentages refer to the satisfaction of students from AL - tuff college and the lowest ratios indicate AL - Hussein Engineering College. As for the urban effects of these institutions, these institutions have influenced the urban structure of the city of Karbala, as a result attracted many of the usages of urban, making it a pole of the poles of growth in the province, and highlights the urban role through the change of use of agricultural land to other uses where the transformation (69.1) acres of farmland to education usage (89.5%) and trade (4.3%) and transportation (6.2%), from land were changed due to the introduction of higher education institutions (private) in the province. It emerged from the results of the field study that Alsfwa college has a wider functional region between these institutions as up percentage of students who are studying in from outside the province to 35.2% of the total students number, either Ibn Hayyan College (2.8%), Al Hussein Engineering College (1.5%), AL - tuff college (1.3%), and the University of Ahl al - Bayt minimum number of students from outside the province (1%), at the whole it has included the functional region career to this service all Iraqi provinces except governorates (Erbil and Dohuk), it is an indication the importance of this type of education in increasing the interdependence of all parts of the country and create a state of cultural and social communication between members of Iraqi society.

تقييم جغرافي لستراتيجية الامن القومي العراقي للعام 2007 - 2010 == A Geographical Evaluation Of The Iraqi National Security Strategy For The Years 2007 - 2010

Author name: جواد صالح مهدي النعماني

Supervisor name: عبد العباس فضيخ

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: The current study, which is entitled (A Geographical Evaluation of the Iraqi National Security strategy for the Years 2007 - 2010) aims at evaluating the security strategy put for Iraq for the years 2007 - 2010 and measuring it by the scale of Geo - political geography principles that have contributed , and still do, in drawing the features of internal and external strategic milieu for Iraq. The study presents a major problem that can be summed up in a question about the extent to which markers of security strategy for the requirements of geo - political geography and external variables depend as fundamental basis in this level of strategic planning. The study started from the hypothesis that the Iraqi national security strategy (2007 - 2010) had not taken those variables and requirements into consideration; besides, the geo - political principles of strength and weakness had not been considered, which resulted in the weakness of this strategy and the limitation of its chances of success. The study aims at evaluating one of the most recent, comprehensive, and significant experiences in Iraq pertaining strategic and security planning through highlighting the natural and humane basis on which this type of strategic planning depends, so as to reveal the points of strength as well as weakness to help elevate the level of strategic awareness to fulfill the tasks of homeland security and defence in the future. For achieving this aim, the researcher has relied on the analytical approach and the morphological approach (to a lesser extent) for the state power. The research plan included an introduction and four chapters. Chapter one investigated the conceptual frames of national security strategy. Chapter two tackled the elements of Iraqi natural geography and its influence on Iraqi national security and the extent of relying on it in building a security strategy. Chapter three discussed the elements of Iraqi human geography and their influence on Iraqi national security and the extent of relying on them in building the security strategy. While the last chapter shed light on the external variables within the strategic environment surrounding Iraq and the balance of international and regional forces and their impact on Iraqi regional and national security and whether they were taken into consideration during formulating Iraqi security strategy. The salient conclusion of the study is that Iraqi national security strategy is not up to the level of a comprehensive security strategy, rather, it can be considered as a spontaneous tactic or a political maneuver for a limited time; as it lacks the most important basis of comprehensive security strategic planning represented by the geo - political requirements of the state. Moreover, it showed an obvious deficiency in comprehensive strategic planning due to the absence of a strategic vision that relies on a realistic geo - political perception of points of strength that can be employed to achieve and foster external as well as internal Iraqi security, or points of weakness that have been contributing in the collapse of the Iraqi security system, in addition to the absence of a clear strategic vision in drawing features of Iraqi foreign policy according to a geo - political perception of the balance of regional and international forces, in a way that contributes in achieving regional and national security of Iraq, granting the country a decent regional and international position. This had resulted in the weakness and deficiency of it.

التحليل المكاني للنفايات المنزلية الصلبة في مدينة كربلاء : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة == Spatial Analysis Of Residential Waste Solid In The City Of Karbala A Study In Environment Geography

Author name: مؤيد ساجت شلتاغ الحيدري

Supervisor name: رياض محمد علي عودة المسعودي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: This study aims at recognizing the state of residential solid waste management in the city of Karbala, evaluating the adequacy of the management in the light of (Iraqi - International) planning standards prepared for the system, and defining methods of surveying it through treating the problems which the system is facing. The main problem discussed in the study is the role of geographic factors in waste management and how they influence the differences in place and the environmental residues of waste, in addition to that it discusses the possibility of improving the management system with the fact of urban sprawl in the city and its increasing population till 2024. The hypothesis assumes that the geographic factors play a significant role in the variation of the residential solid waste management, in addition to the fact that the city lacks an integrated waste management which resulted in aesthetic, economical, hygienic and environmental consequences. The study aims at recognizing residential solid waste management in Karbala, the factors influencing it quantitatively and qualitatively, and the spatial, temporal difference in the averages of waste outcome and type, as well as its various components, through analyzing and weighing random samples collected from 70 households of 35 quarters and neighborhoods, with various distribution of residential units and different population rates, in addition to differences in the scientific, economical and social characteristics of these samples. In order that the study reaches its goals the researcher adopted a descriptive method in displaying waste management, while adopting statistical (qualitative) analysis using SPSS program in analyzing the data gathered to define the factors which lead to the increase of waste levels. These factors include the number of residential units, population, family size and its monthly income. Moreover field study, personal interviews and two questionnaires were adopted. The prominent findings of the study shows that the storage, collection, transformation and processing in the waste management system which is employed in Karbala do not follow an organized and correct scientific method due to the lack of environmental awareness and bad management provided by the authorities in charge. In addition to that the low finances allotted to waste management resulted in the lack of infrastructure needed. Moreover, there is the large decrease in the number of machinery and labor force necessary for collecting and transforming waste. The shortage in machinery reached to 70 waste compressors, while the shortage in labor force reached to 498 workers. The solid residential waste generated from the city reached to 439321 ton per day in 2014 with the average of 0.685 kg per day for a person. The anticipated amounts for 2024 will reach 873316 tons per day with the average of 0.988 kg per day for a person. The study also shows that there is difference in the quantity of waste according to seasons. The highest amount of waste recorded was in summer with 5.014 kg per day for a family, while the lowest amount was in winter with 4.103 kg per day for a family. Concerning the components of waste, the study shows that food waste is the highest rate among other components of solid waste with 56.6 , whereas leather and wooden waste was the lowest component with 0.4 % for each. The study included future orientation for solid waste management in Karbala, along with considering the requirements needed in transforming, collecting, later processing and disposal of waste with the lesser environmental consequences possible. It recommends that the present dump site become a transfer station (joint), at the same time assuring the need for constructing the site proposed by Karbala municipality as it conforms to the Iraqi and the international standards of place and environment. The study also stresses the necessity of constructing recycling factories for waste of different components in order to have sustainable management and to be able to benefit from its outcome in various economical, hygienic and environmental aspects of Karbala city.

اثر الهجرة الوافدة في تغيير استعمالات الارض الزراعية لاطراف مدينة كربلاء المقدسة بين سنتي (2005 - 2015م) == The Impact Of Immigration In The Changing Agricultural Land Use Of The City Of Kerbala Outskirts To(2005 - 2015)A.D

Author name: هيام فاضل فتاح حميد الدهش

Supervisor name: رياض محمد علي عودة المسعودي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-impact-of-immigration-in-the-changing-Agricultural-land-use-of-the-city-of-Kerbala-Outskirts-to2005-2015A.D.pdf.pdf

University location: Karbala

First pages:

Abstract: ترمي دراسة انماط استعمالات الارض الزراعية لاطراف مدينة كربلاء بمقاطعاتها الاربعة (الفريحة, الزبيلية, باب الخان, والعباسية) للكشف عن التباين الجغرافي لانماط استعمالات الارض الزراعية في منطقة الدراسة لسنة 2015م واتجاهات نموها وتطورها ومعرفة التغيرات التي حد | Designed study uses agricultural land for the parties to the city of Karbala patterns Bmqatatha four (AL - Fariha ,AL - Zubaylah, Bab Al Khan, and AL - Abbasid) for the detection of geographical variation patterns uses of agricultural land in the study area for the year 2015 and the trends of their growth and development and knowledge of the changes that have occurred, and the impact of immigration factor in this distribution as well to reach a number of indicators and proposals which benefit planners and decision - makers from the preparation of plans and programs of development of appropriate and necessary for the advancement of the existing agricultural land uses and find ways to improve them in the future. The main problem raised by the study is how it influenced the phenomenon of migrant agricultural existing pattern on the outskirts of the city of Karbala immigration and what the quality of that impact you had a negative or positive, and why. Are there any other factors that contributed to the changing patterns of agricultural land uses in the area.The researcher relied on the assumption that the existence of a significant impact of immigration on the plant and animal production process (agricultural style) on the outskirts of the city of Karbala. And it had a positive impact in the agricultural activity. As well as the presence of other factors contributed to the change of agricultural land use geographical patterns like the factors (natural and human).The study aimed to analyze the reality of agricultural land uses patterns in the study area within the framework of the understanding and interpretation of the current situation. And knowledge of the change in agricultural land use patterns in the study area. And what degree the impact of immigration in the agricultural land uses patterns in the region. And the impact of other geographical factors (natural and human) in agricultural land use patterns in the regionIn order to reach the goal of study is based researcher Research Methodology descriptive in the review of the reality of uses of agricultural land patterns, and the methodology of statistical analysis (quantitative) for the analysis of data collected in order to determine the impact of immigration worker inflows in the changing agricultural patterns in the study area, in conjunction with the dependence on the field study and personal interviews, and Form questionnaire. As this study was mainly based on the percentages dramatically for being a simple statistical methods and give clear indications. And it adopted the percentage change in determining the direction of a positive or negative change between the base year and the comparative year in agricultural land uses patterns.The study included four chapters, with an introduction, include the introduction study problem and premise and purpose and justification and the limits of the study and its stages and structural study and studies similar The first chapter dealt with the theoretical framework for the study came in three sections addressing the first part, the concept of immigration, types and sources of data migration and methods of measurement and motives of migration and its implications singled out the second concept agricultural patterns and types of third section dealt with the concept of agricultural land uses and types as well as some related concepts uses of agricultural landThe second chapter came Bembgesan dealt with the first part, the study of the natural factors of the site and the surface and the installation of a geologist and climate and water resources and soils and their impact on uses of agricultural land patterns while the second section came to study human factors affecting land use and agricultural patterns explaining what the region has seen developments in employment Agricultural in technical factors and patterns of irrigation, transport and agricultural policy, while the third chapter study the reality of the geographical distribution of patterns uses of agricultural land in the study area for the year 2015 and came Bembgesan I dealt with the geographical distribution of patterns uses of agricultural land devoted to the production and vegetable intake second part, the geographical distribution of patterns uses allocated to agricultural land in animal productionThe fourth chapter to study the uses of agricultural land patterns change in the study area between 2005 and 2015 came in three sections deal with the first part, Tgbr uses of agricultural land patterns between 2005 and 2015 and taking the second topic the role of immigration in the agricultural, industrial and commercial activity came third section explaining the most important future directions of the study area The study conclusions and recommendations over.The most important finding is that there are positive changes in agricultural land use patterns in the study area between 2005 and 2015, and the biggest reason is due to the incoming migration. Reaching change ratio (87.9%) and vary the degree of change between the crop and the last, according to the factors affecting the crop

التركيب الداخلي لمدينة الغراف : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == The Lnterior Structure Of Al - Graf City (A Study In Geography Of Cities)

Author name: حسن صالح خضر صالح الجوراني

Supervisor name: سميع جلاب منسي السهلاني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Thi-Qar - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Dhi Qar

First pages:

Abstract: كشفت الدراسة عن تحليل نظام التركيب الداخلي لمدينة الغراف والمتغيرات الطبيعية والبشرية التي اثرت على شكل المدينة الداخلي وتركيبها، وتقييم واقع الحال لهذا التركيب، فضلا عن تقدير الحاجة المستقبلية منها حتى عام (2025). كما تهدف هذه الدراسة الى الكشف عن جوانب | The study aims to analyze the System of the internal structure of AI Garret city and the natural and epidermal Changes that affect the form and the Structure of the city.The stndy also aims to assess the reality of the city structure moreover, the study also provides a future need for the city till 2025. The study, also aims to reveal some aspects of helping planners to destinations relevant to take their own advantage and to tackle The problems faced by the city. In line with the study objectives and under the lack of official Statistics for many patterns of the internal Structure of the city. Field Study has been adopted to put information and data into tables depending on the findings of the Stnoy and the question air , appendixes (1,2,3) if the sample size is (691) which represents 10% of the total volume of the number of residential units which are (6907). The Study uses the program (Arc gis710.3) to draw maps for the Study and the representation of these maps as units in the social package program(spss7,19)to create crossword charts and graphs. The main findings of the study is to detect four residential urban modes which Show the overlap among them. The study edso shows that there is no clear resi dentinal style of urban with in the city. This reflected on the overlap and Contrast the spatial distribution of the other activities.It is Found that the small occupation of commercial space and its usage is due to the nature of the work which does not require large tracts in most of its existing institutions in the study area. It is dispersed to several modes in many other sites. This is the same case applied to other activities and patterns of residential ur ban on the level of population distribution in Garret city during the periocl extended between (1977 - 2015). It turns out that the number of people in the city in 1977 was 6032 person. But their number in (1987,1997,2015)reached to(13916,22388,52249)respectively. This means that the per capita rate of the city area that was 1500ha in 2015 is287ms while the total area of residential usage is 634ha. It is 42,q% from the total city area. According to local standards, it is expected that the city area will increase up to 2039ha in 2020and 2597ha in 2025 ha.Based on AIG arraf city's residents, future expectations the number of the city residential blocks is 22blocks in 2015 and will be 29,37blocks in 2020 ,2025 respectively.It is linked to the status of the city depending on the quality and quantity - standards in shaping the future expectations to meet the city requirements for service. frameworlc preceded by an introduction. It also The study in clades a theoretical four chapters.The first chapter is about the study of the geographical in gradients and its impact on the structure of the study area. The second chapter caxplains fh functional and urban development of the study area through the morphologionl stages that the city goes through wp too what il is now. The third chapter concerns with the different usage of the city land during the morphological contemporary stage represented in residential , commercial and industrial age ,services , trauportation and the unused laud. The fourth copter deals with factors that influence the interval structure of the city.It deals also with analysis of the city structure according to the theories of traditional internal structure of the city and the future expectation ,for its usages. Finally ,the study ends with conclusion ,finding ,and recommendations included the optimal use.of land usaaz.The study also ras a list of appendixes and abstract in English language

طريق دهوك - زاخو : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Dohuk - Zakho Road Geographical Transportation Study

Author name: نور اسعد عبد الامير مجيد

Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: اهتمت دراسة طريق (دهوك - زاخو) وتهدف الى دراسة واقع حال طرق النقل البري في محافظة دهوك لعام 2014، اذ بلغ طول الطريق (256/ كم) ويعتبر ذلك انعكاسا للتطور والتنمية حيث كشفت الدراسة ان الطريق يعود تاريخ نشاته منذ العهد العثماني وان الطرق تمثل العصب الحساس لل | This thesis studies the (Duhok - Zakho Road) and the status of the ‎transportation in Duhok governorate for the year 2014. Road length is 256 ‎Km. Studies revealed that this road was established since the ottoman ‎period and roads represents essential factor for the economic activities and ‎represent the first step in implementing the economical projects in the ‎region. The location of Duhok - Zakho roads represent a logistic location ‎that link the region with Turkey and Syria by Ibraheem Al Khalil passage ‎and Fishkhabur. While the geological part had a positive role because of the ‎area’s nature since it is rocks and these rocks are the basis for building ‎roads. Weather had a negative effect especially when raining and icing on ‎the roads.‎Human geographical factors had an effect on the construction and ‎movement on road because there is direct relation between people growth ‎and the roads because when people grow the use of the road increase so the ‎traffic increase too. ‎This road needs many sign and stuff that the road needs gas station, ‎resting areas. Information gathered from the directorates showed that this ‎road is considered the most crowded road during vacations.‎ The connection level between road networks in the area of study ‎reached 0.18. This percentage shows that the connection level is very low ‎and need more connections and (Gamma, Beta and Alpha) pointer was used ‎and results were Beta (1), Gamma (0.4) and Alpha (0.91) which indicates ‎that the road need more connections. ‎The turning factor was (152%) for the road network in the area of ‎study which means that this road has many turnings and lack of straight ‎road. ‎The thesis ended with some conclusions by the researcher and ‎necessary recommendations from a geographical point of view

التحليل المكاني لانتشار ظاهرة الارهاب في العراق دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Spatial Analysis Of The Spread Of The Phenomenon Of Terrorism In Iraq (Study In Political Geography)

Author name: مؤيد زاحم فيصل عباس

Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تتناول هذه الرسالة ظاهرة الارهاب من منظور الجغرافية السياسية ومدى ما ينطبق منها على العراق. ولهذا جاء العنوان ( التحليل المكاني لانتشار ظاهرة الارهاب في العراق ـ دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية). لقد تحددت مشكلة الدراسة في سؤال رئيسي نصه ( ما المقصود بالتحلي | The current thesis addresses the phenomenon of terrorism from the geopolitical prospective and the extent of its appliance to Iraq. Thus, the title came as (The Spatial Analysis of the Circulation of Terrorism Phenomenon in Iraq - A Study in the Geopolitics). The study problem was defined in one main question saying (What is the meaning of spatial analysis of terrorist operations from the geopolitical prospective) which led the researcher into other questions such as what are the causes behind the prominence of terrorism phenomenon? What is the pattern of distributing the terrorist operations? What are the impacts of these operations? What are the strategies developed domestically, regionally and internationally to confront this phenomenon. As to the research basic hypothesis, it stated (the governorates ethnically diverse and of long borders were more affected with terrorist operations). Hence, the research aims are mainly represented in identifying the terrorism territories in Iraq, stating terrorism impacts and how to confront it from a geographic prospective. The study significance lies in being the first of kind in Iraq as a scientific thesis in the field of geopolitics - and may in the Arab Homeland - especially when the followed method in analyzing the phenomenon is the system approach which is one of the very modern methods in the geographic use, opening the door wide in front of the researchers, students, professors and specialists to many types of studies about terrorism phenomenon. Within that light, the thesis was divided into five chapters including thirteen sections. The first chapter was a theoretical framework of the study, while the second chapter was dedicated to define the concept of terrorism, its causes and goals, whereas the third chapter was specified to analyze the patterns of (distributing) terrorist operations. As to the fourth chapter, it addressed the factors affecting the circulation of terrorist operations in Iraq, then the fifth chapter dealt with the strategies followed to confront this phenomenon. The study arrived at a pool of conclusions, the most important of which were the non reaching to a collective preventive internationally accepted concept of terrorism, the terrorist operations increase with the increase of population intensity and diversity in the governorates, and Baghdad governorate had the biggest share of the overall terrorist operations. The thesis recommended the necessity of the geographers' participation in the process of analyzing the maps and data related to terrorism, the necessity to construct an efficient neutral security system of army, police and other forces supported by effective economic, political and social systems in a way ensuring the restoration of vitality and coherence to Iraq as being an effective geopolitical unit in the regional and international systems in the field of dealing with terrorism phenomenon

منظمة حلف شمال الاطلسي (الناتو) : دراسة تطبيقية في الجغرافية السياسية للمنظمات الدولية == North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) An Applied Study In The Political Geography For International Organizations

Author name: محمد صالح عباس صالح محمد البرزنجي

Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: لعل ابرز ما تميزت به العلاقات الدولية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية, هو ظهور المنظمات الدولية الاقتصادية والسياسية والعسكرية..الخ, اذ بدات هذه المنظمات تمارس دورا فاعلا في المسرح العالمي, وما تقوم به من دور المراقبة والمساعدة والحماية على الدول والمجتمعات وص | Perhaps the most prominent characteristic of international relations after World War II , is the emergence of international economic, political and militarily organizations.. , as these organizations began to exercise a role player in the world stage , and what its role of monitoring and assistance and protection to the State and society down to the individuals , which make every effort to maintain the integrity of the global system , and provide assistance to states that request help economically , politically , militarily , health... etc. Based on these advantages enjoyed by international organizations, the study focused on international organizations in general and the North Atlantic Treaty organization (NATO) of geopolitical particular perspective, to review what international organizations and how the origins and what are the reasons for the emergence of these organizations, to assess the importance of the role that could be played by these organizations in New world system. And therefore it conducted a study on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of the international organizations, in terms of starch composition and structure, and the strategy that control the movements of this organization and the role they can play in the global system, and the Arab world of the importance of geopolitical for the NATO organization The birth of the North Treaty Organization NATO is nothing but Europe delivery to the US administration for fear of Soviet attack on Europe and dominate them, Indeed, and through NATO the United States gained control of the European security , militarily , economically and culturally , and followed an expansionary policy by including the largest number of countries NATO in the dome for the purpose of encircling the Soviets and cut their expansion. And it was almost a successful operation for the United States in this trend. where NATO organization after ending the threat towards the eastern Arab world drawn attention expansive and as a way easier to get to the throne of world government. While the wild theory for each of the (Mackinder Speakman), is the primary reference for the US strategy in the heart encircling the ground, to go to the construction of military alliances and to complete the encirclement of Russia and prevent them from ideological and military expansion. Therefore, this study was divided into several chapters, the first chapter came to dealing with the theoretical framework on the study plan, while the second chapter dealing with international organizations in general, and the third chapter the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, in particular, in terms of starch composition and evolution over time, either in Chapter IV study has focused on the importance of the Arab world for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The study reached several conclusions including : become international organizations (global and regional), take the roles of not less than the roles of other actors function (states), in terms of impact on the lives of the world order, and the number of these organizations are growing very quickly and the different kinds. The study also proved that the emergence of NATO global actor manages crises and intervene in issues concerning the security of its members, and it has already been able to Shell Soviet expansionist movement, and has become a geopolitical force unlike any other in the world.

التنافس التركي - الايراني المعاصر في منطقة المشرق العربي : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Turkish - Iranian Competition Contemporary In The Levant Arabic Study In The Geography Political

Author name: ماجد صدام سالم

Supervisor name: غالب ناصر عبد العزيز السعدون

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى معرفة المقومات الجغرافية المتميزة لمنطقة المشرق العربي، التي بدورها كانت محركا للتنافس بين تركيا وايران، التنافس من اجل المصالح السياسية والاقتصادية للدولتين، ولمجموعة من القوى الدولية والاقليمية الاخرى. تحاول فيها كل من تركيا وايران | This study aims to find out the ingredients geographical outstanding Levant region, which in turn was the engine of competition between Turkey and Iran, the competition, which was the political and economic interests of the two countries, and a range of international and regional powers other, and trying to Turkey and Iran, according to a specific strategy and using the tactics of political, economic and military, to get to purpose in influence and domination on the capabilities of the Levant region. Given the decline in the capacity of countries in the region, especially after the invasion of Iraq and the destruction of infrastructure by the United States and its allies, was the influence of Turkey and Iran, evident in a number of Arab countries, adding to the region's problems as a result of projects and strategies pursued by the two countries, and seeks to achieve targets in the Levant region during the period (2003 - 2013). Because of the comprehensiveness of the study and addressed to several aspects of the researcher as well as the need for scrutiny and analysis and linkage between variables geopolitical political, social, economic, and at all levels including international, regional and local alike. The study has adopted a set of scientific methods in a way serving the progress of the search, and fits the presentation and analysis of information and data that are available from their original sources, including the approach to the analysis of power and function - based approach. It has tried researcher where review the ingredients geographical stimulated those forces to compete geographic location, and the nature of the demographics varied (national and religious) which gave some of them area of influence in the equation of the rivalry between the two countries, as well as economic resources and especially energy resources, which were and still constitute one axes of competition between regional and international powers. It was the potential geopolitical in both the rivals contribute to play a major role in increasing the intensity of competition between them, the mere study of this potential and power factors in their possession, leading to the conclusion that the phenomenon of competition were normal between them, in terms of the status of the site geostrategic and hand human capacity populated ones, and economic well the nature of the political systems and military capabilities, and in turn, was the phenomenon of competition of strength and clear - cut between the two sides in many areas in the countries of the Levant region, through variables geopolitical, which stimulated this competition , which stimulated this competition, which does not exclude that the region is not just an arena for competition, but were often active a significant increase in the severity and impact of the peoples of the two countries and parties and regimes in the countries of the Levant region, the fact that these countries have encouraged some of the parties to enter the arena of competition and objected to the role of other parties. Followed Turkey and Iran, an economic policy aimed at achieving economic development within their respective countries, particularly Turkey, in addition to maintaining political stability and security there, and they encourage the countries of the region in economic cooperation with them, to achieve their interests in addition to that he attracts Arab and foreign investments into its territory. The rise Turkey as a regional power in the region is that Turkey offers a model to maintain a balance in its relations with the international and regional powers other than through the axis of moderate Arab and Islamic world, and this applies to the relationship with Israel, and with some countries in the Levant region. As for Iran, it has assumed the management of Axis anti - American policies in the region, and the support systems and movements, such as the Syrian regime and Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine and the Houthis in Yemen and loyalists in Bahrain. Has been formed so kind of new Cold War through this competition has strengthened competition happening between Turkey and Iran, the impact of an actor for some of the movements and parties, and to challenge the central authority in the Levant, and the establishment of group's armed organization enjoys a high degree of autonomy. The study found that the regional rivalry between Turkey and Iran will be in the future on the Levant region, in the three future scenarios determine the type of that relationship, the cooperation between the two countries, or a continuation of the rivalry between them, or the evolution of the occurrence of conflict, and eventually the survival and continued to compete for the next twenty years We discussed the outcome of this scenario is the most investigated. The study recommends that researchers need to conduct further studies and research on the area of the Levant in the next stage, in the light of the transformations taking place in the Arab region (Arab revolutions) to the presence of some of the participants between the countries of the Levant region and the rest of the world

هجرة الكفاءات العربية : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Arab Efficiencies Immigration - A Study In Political Geography

Author name: قاسم عبد علي عذيب البهادلي

Supervisor name: عباس غالي داوود الحديثي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تكتسب هذه الدراسة اهميتها من موضوعها المتمثل بهجرة الكفاءات العربية (دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية (التي اخذت تحوز على اهتمام السياسيين والاقتصاديين والاجتماعيين منذ ستينيات القرن الماضي ولحد الان، بسبب تزايد اعداد الكفاءات العربية المهاجرة بشكل كبير جدا، | The political geography is concerned with the study of human phenomena of spatial dimension, thus this study acquires its significance from the topic represented by the political geographical dimensions of the immigration of Arab efficiencies which occupies the interest of politicians, economists and socialists since the sixties of the past century and till now, due to the increasing number of the immigrated Arab efficiencies so greatly, and with different patterns, forms and trends reflecting the circumstances called for this efficiencies immigration from the suburbs to the world capital center which worked at preparing the retardation factors in the Arab countries, for it created a expellant environment on one hand and found strong attracting factors on the other hand, which helped in creating strong currents of immigrating Arab efficiencies extending from the Arab East and Maghrib countries to the western countries at the Atlantic and Australian coasts. It seems that the colonial dependency and the economic and political relations have a clear role in the prominence of such trends of immigration which led the Arab countries to incur gross losses due to their efficiencies immigration for the importance of scientific efficiencies in the power of Arab countries and their national security, as well as their contribution in achieving the economic and social development and the loss caused by their immigration to the Arab countries scientifically and technologically, especially the efficiencies immigration is considered one of the dangerous problems suffered by the Arab countries in general, because the efficiencies immigration has contributed in the processes of scientific and technological development and progress of industrial States, and then the expansion of imbalance state in power potentialities and the increase of variance between the Arab countries expelling the efficiencies and the industrial States polarizing them, which means independency continuity of the Arab countries to the Developed countries in many domains, making them circle in their political, security and economic orbit. The West worked at sustaining the circumstances that make the immigration currents of Arab efficiencies continue towards it due to its urgent need for them; therefore all data refers to the continuity of Arab efficiencies immigration in the next years due to the continuity of the impetus factors existence more effectively than ever, with the nonexistence of an effective Arab strategy limits or stops the immigration of efficiencies or works at restoring the immigrant Arab efficiencies.

التحليل المكاني لاستعمالات الارض التجارية في مدينة بغداد - مركز الرصافة == Spatial Analysis Of Commercial Land Use At Baghdad City /Rusafa Center

Author name: علياء كاطع شلتاغ

Supervisor name: صلاح داود سلمان الزبيدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى اظهار مستوى استغلال الارض ومدى التوافق بين الامكانات البيئية المتاحة من جانب ومستوى الاستغلال وحجمه ومن حيث نوعيته من جانب اخر. وكذلك الكشف عن مدى تجانس خدمات هذا الاستعمال مع ما متوفر في كل حي من استعمالات وانشطة وظيفية تخدم المدينة. وتح | The study aims to high the level of exploition of the land the compability between envoi mental potential available by the level of expoiltation and the size and quality from the other side. As well as the disclosure of the extent of the homogeneity of services such what is available in every neighourhood uses and functional activities serve the city and determine the degree of funictional efficiency for commercial use in Rusafa center and diagnosis of the important obstacles to career services alead role in the city’s population and its territory service. In order to achieve these gools resorted.researcher had to follow the survey method and analytical extraction of a cheiving these objectives results, So the used three tools for data collection which is the interview with the number of the sample. As well as official directories, and personal observation of researcher through her vist to area issued in addition to a survey directed to tow categories : first shoppers, seconed shopkeepers. The study included Rusafa center which belongs to Baghdad which accounted (200448) people as well as placed at the same section accounted (17927) and because of the huge number , researcher depended in her study to asample which is similar to community. that she took (0.01) rate of the size of shops which accounted (179) commercial shops by stratified proporational of the actual size and (1020) in rate (0.05) of orginal size. The study reached to many results which are : 1 - Rusafa center location played a great role ingrowth of using vommercial for it represents a big part of central commercial area. That what dividend activities and standards maps of all level shop proved and the emergence matching in high activities areas and the standard of area divided on population. 2 - the increasing population in Rusafa and rapid growth happened by natural growth and emigrance left its effect on increasing commercial institutes in all of the area. That increased the commercial use of using lands to make it able to stand the continuous increasing of popu;ation and to respond their commercial services.3 - The difference of level of commercial services qualification in Rusafa because of the difference of area employed with this use during each zone and its location for commercial center and transportation and difference of its number and Kinds which effected its level and role in serving city and territory. Depending on previous results …researcher introduced many recommendations which are : 1 - Making comprehensive planning of using civil lands in Baghdad by specific authorities specially commercial use , that each use takes its place according to town deigns in such away prevent any overtaking of other uses on another areas in order to prevent any demission or error in its dividing all over the town. 2 - Improve reality of commercial seclor by chose right palces inside the neighborhoods to achieve aceessibility for people in land outside the city, take into consideration Residentinal comfort. 3 - Try to lift most of T - Wall in the mains streets and reduce the nimber of check points also unblock roods that connect jown town with other nighborhoods as facility for shoppers. 4 - Move the commercials centers to suburbs Due to limit aCCess inside the city that caused diffenlity of shopping and traffic jam this opposite for the area design which become over loudec on the services and damageal the infrastructure

كــــفاءة النقل الاقليمي لطريقي بغداد - سامراء, وبغداد - كربلاء : دراسة مقارنة == Regional Transport Efficiency For Roads Baghdad - Samarra, And Baghdad - Karbala

Author name: عبد الستار عبود كاظم

Supervisor name: بشير ابراهيم الطيف الدايني | جمال حامد رشيد

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: ارتكزت الدراسة على المشكلة الرئيسة التي مفادها,(( هل يوجد تباين مكاني في كفاءة النقل الاقليمي بين طريقي بغداد ــ سامراء, وبغداد ــ كربلاء ؟ )), وتتجسد هذه المشكلة بمشكلات اخرى ثانوية, لتتم الدراسة والبحث عن واقع حال الطريقين والمشكلات التي تواجه النقل الب | The Study is based on the main problem that, ((Is there a spatial variation where I am in the regional transport efficiency between the two Roads Baghdad - Samarra and Baghdad - Karbala)), this problem is embodied with other secondary problems to be the study, and the search for the reality of the roads, and the problems facing the transport land on the paved roads in the study area.The study was conducted and research in problems to achieve health hypothesis, developed by the researcher, and has already been confirmed the hypothesis according to which, ((There is variation where I am in the regional transport efficiency between my way of Baghdad, Samarra and Baghdad, Karbala)), the study showed that the efficiency of the roads do not elevate to the size of the optimal use, in terms of the flow of traffic, easy access, and efficiency of road services, and even the furniture which is one of the basics of roads lacking the study area. And the inability of the two roads to accommodate the traffic momentum generated by the rise in the number of vehicles, it has been shown from the field study the high volume of traffic in both ways more than the designed capacity of the network, and the problem is during the morning rush of ordinary days. The daily traffic rate for vehicles arrived on the road to Samarra (28120) vehicle, which offset (33330) passengers. But the way of Karbala, the daily traffic rate which reached (41080) vehicle, which offset (89795) passengers.The divergence indicator has reached 113 km road to Samarra, and 122 km of road Karbala, and the closer the index is (100) was an indication that the road is close to a straight line, for easy access.The field study has proved that there is variation where I am between the two roads, in the volume of services, and furnishing, and absorptive capacity, and the density of traffic, and here outdone by Baghdad - Karbala, and Baghdad - Samarra by these qualities, but the intensity of use of the road with this large number of vehicles and passengers , reduces the efficiency of the use of the road, and thus the increase in traffic is not commensurate with the capacity design of the road, which entails several negative things, the most important of which (frequent congestion, traffic jams, slow vehicle traffic, and the length of time it takes for the trip, and increased pollution, and poor services ), and other things, which generates a severe strain on the infrastructure of the road, and it is capable of upgrading its services in providing optimal image to suit the size and optimal use.And not through Samarra best off by Karbala. Besides the intensity of use of the road, especially pregnancy vehicles vie with small vehicles, deterioration and neglect, which hit the road, and poor pavement, and free most of the way sections of the protective fences, poor services, and many other things, made the road is unable to provide its services according to what is commensurate with the size rating enjoyed by (Amain Road), in order to live up to the optimum level in the transport service.In conclusion, the study concluded with the findings and recommendations as it deems researcher solutions to transport problems in the study area

كفاءة النقل العام الخارجي بين بغداد والمحافظات العراقية == Factors That Affect On The Level Of Demand Of Public Transport Services

Author name: سارة بلال سلمان البياتي

Supervisor name: جمال حامد رشيد الدليمي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

سياسات التنمية الحضرية في المدن الصغيرة : حالة دراسية مدينة ابو غريب : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: سارة عامر فاضل المجمعي

Supervisor name: بشير ابراهيم الطيف الدايني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: حضيت المدن الصغيرة باهتمام قليل من قبل دول العالم عامة، والدول النامية خاصة، ,ولاسيما تلك المدن القريبة من المراكز الحضرية الكبرى، وغالبا ما تطبق عليها السياسات ذاتها التي تطبق على المراكز الحضرية الكبرى وتتعرض الى زحف الكتلة العمرانية الكبرى وتاكل ارضه | Benediction small towns little attention by the countries of the world in general, especially the developing countries , especially those close to the major urban centers of cities , often applies the same policies that apply to the major urban centers and are exposed to major urban cluster creep and the erosion of its territory in the absence of strict laws limit it.Therefore, this study was to take the form of these small towns, namely, (Abu Ghraib), and I have deliberately researcher to take Abu Ghraib city a model for this, for its proximity to the city of Baghdad, and the presence of many development aspects that can be used as policies in the development of the city. Shows through the study also found that agricultural activity has become limited compared with the growing interest in commercial and industrial activity, so this study was to reveal the potential of the region and the use of a variety of policies in accordance with each use of the use of urban land in the city and try to develop it and choose its own policy as well as the policies that have been applied to assess the study area within the development of the city's strategic plan.The researcher found that the best policies applied to the region is to promote the reality of urban city and the rehabilitation of slum areas and develop policies without removed , causing expensive state costs under its budget deficit because the restoration and rehabilitation costs less than building a new residential neighborhoods.As well as the development of these small towns by opening the axes of the expansion of the city identified these hubs , according to the future population growth and expectations of urban land use in the city of Abu Ghraib to the year (2034. AD) and a researcher trying to sign the main uses in the proposed themes.The recommendations are the official authorities, especially government institutions responsible for the implementation of these policies and upgrade them and most of that commitment in the implementation of these policies and cooperation between the government and the people and the private sector in the commitment to implement these policies, and to take responsibility in the development of the city and upgrading, and limit the expansion of the influence of municipalities and development through the introduction of modern equipment, geographic information systems and development, and the elimination of administrative corruption.

اعداد خرائط التلوث البيئي لمدينة بغداد == Preparing Environmental Pollution Maps For Baghdad City

Author name: ريا فاضل رضا موسى الحداد

Supervisor name: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Human Geography

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تكمن اهمية البحث في التعرف على ظاهرة تلوث مدينة بغداد واسبابها والتغيرات البيئية التي ترافقها فضلا عن بيان مدى الاضرار التي تؤثر في صحة الانسان وجميع الكائنات الحية والبيئية بشكل عام.و توجيه الانتباه الى مدى خطورة هذه الظاهرة للحد منها من خلال توجيه المخت | Importance of research is concentrated on pollution phenomenon of Baghdad city and it Causes , environmental variationswhich accompanied , as well as over damage which affect human health and all organisms and environmental generally. To pay attention to the seriousness of this phenomenon to reduce them by specialists and concerns making - decision to limit the spread of situation and ensure the safety of natural environmental of changes Baghdad city , to keep Baghdad city pure and natural environment livable.Research problem concentrated inthe heterogeneity of the components of environment within geographical boundaries of Baghdad city , there are no maps clarify environmental pollution of city distributed by all environmental pollutants elements and it concentrations.The research aims to studying ,analyzing , diagnoses, types of environmental pollutants (air, surface ground water , soil, noise radiation) of Baghdad city and measure the studied elements, Is it within natural locally and internationally border, as well as set up data base using geographical technical and using ARC GIS 10.2 PROGRAM and statistical program (spss) , to set up the maps it shows studied elements ,multi shapes pollutants maps circular representation and stack columns and illustrated by the results of the tests for pollutants elements and analyzing the maps ,graphics, and schedules by quantitative analysis and sight comparing.It has been analyzed researched elements and it chosen five stations (al andulus - al jamia'a - al khadimiya - al nafot - al yarmook).It has been measured (no2,co,no,so2,o3) for each month around year.About (surface water pollution) it has been taken samples of Tigris river and filtering station (12) location (alkarkh water project - al muthana bridge - al a'aima bridge - al shuhada'a bridge , al ahrar bridge - al khadisiya water project - al rasheed water project - al zafaraniya water project - sader al wihda pumping station - , al doora water project - dira'adijla station - 9 nissanstation ) for each month around year , it has been measured physical and chemical variations (MG,TH,NA.SO4,CA) (Ground water pollution ) it has been taken samples of water from (18) wells , those wells are divided according depth into 2 groups , the first less than 20m and the second group more than 20m distributed on Baghdad city , it has been measured the physical and chemical variations wells water ,(PH,CA,MG,NA,K,HCO3,SO4,CL,NO3,E.C,TDS) (Soil pollution) , it has been taken samples from (al mansor ,al jadiriya,aldoora,alrasheed camp , al zafaraniya, al grea'at ) around year , it has been measured (FE,PB,ZN,NI,CU,CR,SO4,PH) (Noise pollution) it has been measured level of equivalent pressure (LEG) (75) area in baghdad , registered data classified into areas (commercial - residential - industrial ) around year.(Radiation pollution) it has been survey (8) locations and measured also the rate of natural radiation for soil of Baghdad city.Researcher have been reached to abstract some of conclusion (nox) recorded high average in air which cause acid rains , but the soil sulfate rise the rate which resulted high salinity , and rise the rate of nickel which causes the damage and poisoning the plants , and rise the soil acidity to (7) show the middle of soil is alkaline , therefore difficult soil absorption for heavy elements , but the surface water exceeded salinity , oils, solid materials determined, ground water exceeded all determined researched elements specially the wells which less height about 20m and rise the rate of water salinity its not valid for human and agricultural use.Noise has been registered high in all city areas specially Palestine st. al mustansiriya in residential use and al ameen area in commercial use and al talibiya area in industrial use.Radiation pollution has been registered (8) locations almost are war waste collect areas (remnants) through the maps analysis we concludes the rise of salinity in surface , ground water , and soil , specially whenever towards to the south and south - east of Baghdad city , and rise of noise level specially in al rusafa sector , al rusafa sector is polluted more than al karkh sector , resulted to all those pollutants diseases has been rise specially the cancers.