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العولمة الاقتصادية وتاثيرها في اسواق العمل مع التركيز على البطالة في دول مختارة : مصر والاردن حالة دراسية

اسم المؤلف: زهير حامد سلمان السعدون الزيدي
اسم المشرف: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

الامكانيات والانتاج النباتي في محافظة البصرة للمدة 1990 - 2006 واجراءات تنميتهما في المستقبل == The Potentials And The Agricultural Production In Basrah During (1990 - 2006) And Its Developing Procedures In Future

اسم المؤلف: زاهد قاسم بدن الساعدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرزاق يوسف نصر الله
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The agricultural sector is regarded one of the important productive sector in the developing and powerful countries. Its importance lies in the fact that agriculture is the main source of food stuff and it is One of the important sources to get incomes and jobs for a large proportion the population. There is a strong mutual relationship between industry and agriculture which provide raw material for Together with this is a domestic manufactures. large rate of the domestic industrial production lonsued by rural people.The agricultural sector is regarded a source for getting foreign currencies through exporting the spare agricultural goods abroad The agricultural sector in Iraq is characterized by the availability of land , water and human resources.Land resources ; it mean the total areas of land that are good for cultivation agriculture and to be used as a productive resource in the economic activity , the total area reaches ( 181,6) million of which (48) million are good for planting , this indicates the widepotentials of the vertical and horizontal expansion in agriculture in case all the appropriate and objective procedures are taken. As for mater resources which are rain and river water , then comes the lender ground water.As for Basrah , it has big agricultural potentials as good for planting areas reach (950,000) , besides water is available via Tigris and Euphrates as well as marshes water in Al - Huwaiza, ALHammar , mid - marshes and shatt - el - Arab , Also, the underground waters in AL - Zubair , Safuan, AL - Birjissiya and other areas in the province are available. There are large numbers of agricultural workers, and markets that are capable of consuming and exporting products in and out of the country.But it actually provide of agricultural crops for other provinces and abroad of the present , which indicates the presence of a drawback and shortage in manipulating these resources and potentials , consequently , this thesis sheds light on the available agriculture potentials in Basrah and the achieved production during ( 1990 - 2006 ) and the procedures taken to develop this reality in future.This thesis aims to determine and show the real available potentials for agricultural development and for increasing the efficiency of using the natural resources of the agricultural production in Basrah, it also aims to focus on the agricultural development crisis inBasrah and to make the agricultural sector an incentive power for the economic growth and defying challenges.This thesis adopt , the following hypothesis : The agricultural sector in Basrah suffers from negligence and weakness of the economic efficiency in manipulating the available agricultural potentials , which weakens it form covering the needs of the domestic in Basrah regarding food stuff during (1990 - 2006). To prove or disprove this hypothesis , this study has been divided in to four ehapters , the first chapter deals with the roles the agricultural sector in the Iraqi economy , this is done through four sections. The first section shows the roles the agricultural sector in making the total domestic production , the second is concerned with the above role in manipulating workers , whereas the third section explains the roles the agricultural sector in achieving the food security.The last one is concerned with studying this role in the foreign trade, The second chapter gives an analysis and a study of the agricultural resources and potentials in Basrah through three sections The first section deals with the agrarian lands and water resourcesin Basrah ,the second studies the working lands and the domestic markets regarding offers and demands in the province. the last section is concerned with studying the financial sources or the sources of provision Basrah agriculture during the study yearsThe third chapter deals with studying the agricultural production of some crops which Basrah produces during the study years. The first section studies dates production in the region of shatt - el - Arab the two regions of south Tigris and the marshes, the second dealswith studding to make crops and some vegetables in the western region. The last section studies wheat production in the two regions of south Tigris and the marshes. The study concludes with suggestions and conclusions by the researcher, the researcher deals with the analysis of the plant side in Basrah due to the shortage of data, information of the animal side and the stoppage of all station of breeding animals in Basrah as they were looted and destroyed. The researcher depends on two groups of sources , the first are the theoretical sources such as periodicals and theses ,etc.the second sources are field visits done by the researcher. these visits are to the formal of concern to the agricultural sector offices in Basrah. The aim of these visits is to get the necessary data and information to accomplish this study, also ,there are personal interviews with some of the agrarian officials, farmers and land owners by distributing forms to get enough information to be used as required

دور السياسة النقدية في جذب الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر لدول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة الى اقليم كوردستان العراق

اسم المؤلف: ريسان حاتم كاطع العفلوكي
اسم المشرف: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: حاولت الدراسة قياس وتحليل اثر مؤشرات السياسة النقدية على الاستثمار الاجنبي المباشر لدول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة الى اقليم كوردستان العراق وقد استخدمت الدراسة اساليب التحليل الوصفي والكمي في البحث لاجل تحديد مدى اثر السياسة النقدية على الاستثمار الاجنبي المبا | AbstractWitness the current international environment major shifts and unprecedented, which is the result of the phenomena of globalization and economic reform as well as the information and communications revolution that has made the world a small village where all barriers have been removed in front the transfer of money, labor, goods and services, capital, and in this framework intensified international competition to attract foreign funds and companies' capital Multinational through the removal of barriers and obstacles that hinder their way and give them incentives and guarantees that facilitate the arrival and entry to the local market in view of the role played by foreign direct investment in the provision of savings (funding) needed to establish productive projects and the transfer of technology and contribute to the improvement of skills, experience and drive economic growth.From here come the great importance of foreign investment in the economy of any state and is seen as a form Lease alternative to the indebtedness of foreign loans and is seeking states promoted and stimulated a climate conducive to creating his all its components, and if the foreign investment flows is endemic by 70% in the major industrialized countries, that what with its attractive in all aspects of the investment climate, and this was the duty of all especially the developing countries than you want to catch up with the evolution and development that is working hard to bring this type of investment to the best of effort and means, to the important role of foreign investments in development projects Economic host countries if these countries are well done and the choice of projects to choose its foreign partners.Monetary policy is one of the investment climate and one of the most important determinants of FDI aspects and is done through indicators included exchange rates, interest rates, inflation, and the question that arises here is what is the way to make monetary policy tools as a catalyst to attract foreign direct investment and this is what we will try to answer it In this study.It is the exchange rate one of the key policy variables in the economic openness while affect macroeconomic variables such as trade, capital flows, foreign direct investment, inflation, global reserves, and GDP as well as financial transfers, while the longer inflation indicator of the stability of the domestic economy in the host countries, Changes in rates of inflation in the domestic or foreign countries expect a change in net returns as well as investment decisions idealism and then is expected to have a negative impact on foreign direct investment, and the interest rate, the rise in the mother country would make it attractive to foreign capital and will cause the rate of the exchange rate rise and this will lead to increasing the supply of foreign currency, on the other hand, if interest rates were high in other countries, investments will leave and it produces diminishing supply of foreign currency rates, which is heading the exchange rate to decline.China, Egypt, was one of the most important countries that have worked to restore economic structure and enact legislation giving attractive incentives to the flow of foreign investments as well as monetary and fiscal economic policies that contribute to achieving this purpose, taking into account the difference between the above - mentioned two countries in terms of the degree of advancement and development and economic growth.With regard to Iraq, and because of the important role of expected foreign direct investment in Iraq, part of this study care diagnosis climate Iraqi investment environment and reality and identify obstacles to actively carry out an investment actor in the Iraqi economy and work hard to create an environment and conditions appropriate Iraqi investment environment that can help to motivate and attract domestic savings or foreign investment through various mechanisms, including monetary policy in Iraq and Kurdistan Iraq Study experience an attractive environment for investment to some extent for foreign direct investment.The study concluded that both exchange rate and inflation play significant, positive and negative role on consecutive in attract foreign capital flows, but the interest rate was non - significant perhaps this is due to the institutions finances and Banking in Iraq generally undeveloped.Also, this study prove that are multifactor (Security, Economy, Political, Managemental and Society) negatively effect on the investment environment in Iraq making it a rejecter environment.Also, the study found that the amount of foreign direct investment is small which is only about, (5.7) billion dollars from (2006 till 2014), as well as, the distribution of investments varied amongst the various sectors or on the levels of the three governorates in Kurdistan province.

متطلبات النهوض بالصناعة التحويلية في ظل التحولات الاقتصادية تجارب دول مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Advancement Requirements of The Manufacture Industry Under Ecomenical Transitions : Iraq Is A Case Study

اسم المؤلف: رياض جواد كاظم حمد المعموري
اسم المشرف: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The conversional industry is the main driven engine for the large number of the developing countries it is the more effective tool for converting economy from low value activities to values generate fast development rate have the ability to provide more prospects for sustainable development, so that the support of the conversional industry sector be the main target for any Comprehensive developmental policy. The most important targets of our study are discovering the deviations imbalances may take place in Iraqi industry sector particularly the public industry sector searching for the level of the industry sector performance figure out the causes of the failures analyzing the future of the conversional industry under the economic transitions and the changes challenges which the surrounding conditions will excrete on it. This study aims to determine the effects economical and social expenses which are caused by the new economic trends which are represented by activating the free market mechanisms on the conversional industry sector as well as determining the general industries features which are best adapted to the economical transitions which are supposed to mitigate the pressure of the free market. Many international local conditions imposed core reforms on the conversional industries to be changed gradually from a economy driven by governmental decisions like governmental manufacturing to economy driven by market mechanism, so that this study tries to highlight the new international and local conditions are forced the economy to be market economy. Our example is the failure of the governmental manufacturing to achieve the economical objective is the sustainable growth.

تحليل العلاقة بين تطور البنية المالية التحتية والاستثمارات الاجنبية نماذج مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Analysis of The Relationship Between The Financial Infrastructure Development And Foreign Investments Selected Countries With Special Reference To Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رفل جميل عزيز
اسم المشرف: عمار حمد خلف
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى تحليل تاثير البنية المالية التحتية على تدفقات الاستثمارات الاجنبية في ثلاث دول هي العراق وماليزيا واندونيسيا خلال المدة 1990 - 2013. حيث تم قياس البنية المالية التحتية باستخدام مؤشرات مختلفة مثل البيئة المؤسسية، والبيئة التنظيمية والحصول على | This thesis aims to analysis the effect of financial infrastructure on the foreign investments inflows in three countries namely Iraq, Malaysia and Indonesia during the period 1990 - 2013. The financial infrastructure measured by using different indicators such as institutional environment, regulatory environment and access to finance. The thesis found that the development of financial infrastructure is varied among the selected countries. It was highly developed in Malaysia where it was less developed in both other countries. The applied econometric model (Granger Causality) proved the thesis’s hypothesis which stated that the sophisticated financial infrastructure directly and indirectly leads to more inflows of foreign investments for Iraq, Malaysia and Indonesia. The thesis divided into three chapters in order to achieve its objectives and tackle its problem as well as approve the hypothesis. The first chapter includes the theoretical and conceptual framework of both the foreign investment and financial infrastructure. The second chapter analyzed the role of financial infrastructure in attraction more of foreign investments in the three mentioned countries. The third chapter measured the causality nexus between the financial infrastructure and foreign investments. In addition, the thesis also listed the major conclusions and policy implications especially for Iraqi policy maker.

التخصيصية ودورها في تطوير السوق المالية مع اشارة خاصة لتجربة (مصر والاردن)

اسم المؤلف: رجاء فاضل عبود اللامي
اسم المشرف: عماد محمد علي عبد اللطيف العاني
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر احلال النقد الاجنبي في فاعلية السياسة النقدية : دراسة لتجارب بلدان نامية مختارة للمدة (1991 - 2006) مصر، العراق == Affect of Foreign Money - Substitution In Effectiveness of The Monetary Policy , Study of Selected Developing Countries For (1991 - 2006) Egypt And Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رجاء عزيز بندر العقيدي
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم موسى الورد | مظهر محمد صالح
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تبنت عدد من البلدان الناميه والاقتصادات الانتقاليه في السنوات الاخيرة العمله الاجنبيه ( مثل الدولار الامريكي او غيره من العملات الاحتياطيه )، واصبحت تلك العملات في بلدان اخرى شبه رسميه او يسمح للعملات الاجنبيه بالتداول جنبا الى جنب العمله المحليه اي الا | Number of the developing and transitional countries have been adopted , in the recent years , the foreign currency to do the function of money in the domistic economy ( such as , us Dollar or other reserve currencies ).These currencies became semi - official unit of exchange in other countries , or it was allowed to such foreign currencies to circulate , side by side , with the local currency , i.e. ,to allowed the local use of foreign currency to make the transactions ( currency substitution).This phenomenon appeared due to unstable economic conditions , including these accompanied with hyper inflation.In the wake of financial liberalization , these economies have opened their financial markets to gain an enormous inflow of foreign capital giving the residents the opportunity to get the foreign assets instead of the local assets for the purpose of risk diversification or what is called ( assets substitution ) for wealth keeping.This phenomenon has posed some challenges against the economic polices , including monetary policy for it bargins on monetary independence.The main objectives of the study are to interpret why some economies use the foreign currency instead of the local currency to make transactions or to store values in the national economy , as well as analysize the full dollarization or part dollarization effect as a monetary system , in which US dollar or any foreign currency replaces the local currency to achieve the monetary policy effectiveness.The hypothesis of our study can be summarized as follows : 1. Dollarization is a result of the financial liberalization , it is a situation of deviation in the monetary equilibrium of macroeconomics , leading to the correlation financial liberalization and the recent trends of monetary policy based on the indirect means.2. Dollarization ,as a feature of the financial liberalization , poses challenges against monetary policy , which exposes it to currency crisis in countries suffering insufficient financial markets and weak local currency.To test this hypothesis and achieve the study's objectives , this study divided into four chapters.Chapter One deals with Dollarlization : The historical and theoretical roots.Chapter Two explains monetary policy effectiveness , and Factors influencing it under the financial liberalization.Chapter Three offers reflections of Dollarlization in monetary policy efficiency. While Chapter Four specialized with analysis and measurement the causal relation between the economic disequilibrium ( imbalance ) indicators and Dollarlization measurement indicator for both Egyptian and Iraqi economy for (1991 - 2006 ).The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations. The most important of conclusions are : 1. The causal relation trend from the economic imbalance indicators to Dollarlization measurement indicator for Egyptian economy , as well as the economic imbalance indicator for Iraqi economy.2. Under an environment of currency subistitution , the policy of making the exchange rate as a tool to fix the inflationary expectations , is efficient in De - Dollarlization , in spite of the cost of this policy in the field of lower Central Bank reserves and / or extra burden on public expenditures.While the most important recommendations are : 1. To reduce Dollarlization and its risks , it is necessary to have dual approach , i.e. , it discourages the use of foreign currency and promotes the attractiveness of local currency as a mean of intermediation.2. Economic stability is an important aim to remove Dollarlization , but it might not be enough to reverse it (De - Dollarlization ). So , it requires other procedures , such as liberalization of local interest rate , establishment of a competitive payments system using local currency , and development of local Financial tools , those are also steps that can help the De - Dollarlization phenomena

تاثير اختلال الميزان التجاري في النمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (2003 - 2013) == The Impact of The Trade Imbalance On Economic Growth In Iraq For The Period (2003 - 2013)S

اسم المؤلف: رافد قيس فرحان
اسم المشرف: وليد عبد المنعم عباس الدركزلي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اهتمت الدراسة بالقاء الضوء على واقع التجارة السلعية غير النفطية، وزيادة درجة الانكشاف الاقتصادي على دول العالم الخارجي، اذ تسيطر على تجارة العراق الخارجية سلعة رئيسة وهي النفط، وبالتالي عدم قدرة العراق من التحكم بايراداته المالية نتيجة التذبذب وعدم الاس | The study cared is shedding light on the reality of the non - oil commodity trade, and increase of the degree of economic exposure on the external world states. Oil dominates the external trade of Iraq. Thus, Iraqi is incapable of controlling its revenues due to the instability of the world oil prices which effect negatively on the achieved economic revenues due to the continuous deficit of the non - oil commodity trade. We notice that during the period of study (1994 - 2003) the accumulated deficit will lead to the decrease of the capital accumulation, and thus, to the decrease of investment in all of the economic sectors associated with the oil revenues. Each decrease in the oil pirces would lead to a derease in the employments levels and the use of the available of productive sopurces on the domestic level. Consequently, that is relfetec in he achieving of high growth rates. The oil revenues dominate the greatest share of the total edxports of the country. The average of the period of study attained (%96.37). Hence the risk of depending on the oil revenues with the fluctuations on the economic relations. The exportation sector of Iraq suffers from internal and external obstacles like the backwardness of the production sectors which are incapable of meeting the domestic demands and the bad condition of the agricultural and service sectors. That opened the door for the importing of goods from the world. Consequently, that would lead to the paying of hard currency to cover the importations which include almost all the consumptive products. This makes the non - oil trade balance in a state of continues deficit until the economic sectors

تقويم كفاءة الاداء لشركة المنصور العامة للمدة (1989 - 2001) == Performance Efficiency Evaluation of Al - Mansour General Company For The Period (1989 - 2001)

اسم المؤلف: رافد علي عبد الله الزوري
اسم المشرف: هاشم علوان السامرائي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2003
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تقويم كفاءة الاداء يقصد به التعرف على العلاقات الاقتصادية التي تربط بين الموارد (المادية, البشرية ,المالية ) المتاحة وكيفية استخدامها في الوحدة الانتاجية ,ان اهمية العملية ترجع الى ندرة الموارد الاقتصادية وبشكل خاص راس المال 0ان الصناعات الهندسية تعتبر م | The evaluation of performance efficiency means the knowledge of economic relationships between available resources and their economic use in the firm. The need to economic evaluation stems from the fact that the economic resources are scarce, especially capital.The hypothesis of this research is that the Al - Mansour General Company suffer from low efficiency of performance , and therefore the goal is alleviate such inefficiency. The engineering industry is considered an important economic sector in the national economy, because of its high contribution to national income formation, and plays an important role in economic development.The products of Al - Mansour General Company are considered an important part of engineering industry, because it includes such products as Oxygen for medical purposes, distilled and drinking water.Therefore, the title of this research became (Performance Efficiency Evaluation of Al - Mansour General Company for the period (1989 - 2001)The application of several suitable economic evaluation criteria was used. Future plan for the company for the period (2004 - 2013) was schemed by the use of economic feasibility schedule and then this schedule has been tested by sensitivity analysis. This study covered four chapters, the first introduced the theoretical framework of the study with different economic evaluation criteria which were used in the study. The second chapter introduced the actual performance of the company for the period (1989 - 2001).Also, the relative importance of this company in comparison to the engineering industry sector was shown. The third chapter dealt with the same application of economic criteria mentioned in the theoretical framework, for the period (1989 - 2001) using the actual data mentioned in the second chapter.The fourth chapter introduced the future plan for the period (2004 - 2013) by the use of economic feasibility schedule, with sensitivity analysis. Finally, several conclusions and recommendations were mentioned about the company and the study.

الازمة المالية العالمية 2008 وانعكاساتها عالميا وعربيا == The Global Financial Crisis 2008 And Its Reflaxs On Selected Arab Countries (United Arab Emirates - Egypt - Iraq)

اسم المؤلف: راضي عبيد نغيمش الشمري
اسم المشرف: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study subject one of the most important economic issues, Is the global financial crisis 2008, the crisis marked by all the crises that preceded the crisis was the most influential on the global economy and worked to change the economic thought in most parts of the world.Crisis has hit the mortgage market in the United States of America and spread to the capital markets and has swept the financial sector both inside and outside the United States to the growing economic interdependence due to globalization and moved the crisis to the real sector of the prevailing state of economic recession all over the world and influenced many of the economic variables by the crisis. The study aimed to identify economic and financial aspects that have been affected by the Arab countries according to the correlation of Arab country to the outside world and the nature of the economy of Arab country was the choice of three models of the Arab countries have been selected UAE as a modelfor countries of Persian Gulf that have been affected in the financial aspect largely to its association abroad, was selected Egypt as a model for a country with open economy average The study of the impact on financial and economic sectors in Egypt by the crisis and the third model represents Iraq as a country with the openness of financial non - existent on the outside and the economy unilateral depends on the oil in a large study found not affected by the financial sector in Iraq and are influenced by aspects associated with the oil at the end of the study was designed Arab strategy to avoid crises

مناخ الاستثمار في العراق للمدة 1997 - 2007 == Climate Investment In Iraq For The Period (1997 - 2007)

اسم المؤلف: خولة رشيج حسن
اسم المشرف: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Iraq economy has experienced asignificant shifts in the second half of the last century, as a result of shifting in political level, which was highlighted by the revolution of July 17 to 30. Resulted in it has establishment of a political system characterized by centralized, which leading to control of the puplic sector for the whole economic activity in the country. Despite the improvement that occurred during the seventies,due to increase oil revenues after the nationalization , the situation has not invested optimally, beside,breakiugant the Iran - Iraq war. The subsequentes economic blockade, the followers of misguided policies and ill - considered, which caused several disruptions contributed, because of the huge change of times for Iraq economy. During the second half of the nineties previous Government tried hard to make some adjustments.It proceeded to establish the Commission on investment, Ministry of Planning, reflecting the trends and new U.S.investment,especially Arab and foreign investments. But these directions and policies have not been stable, because of the conditions that prevailed at that time.After the fall of the former regime in Iraq in 2003 the successive governments adopte new direction aimed to develop the Iraqi economy by stimulating investment, both domestic and foreign investment ,that had been established through the issused Investment code No.(13)for the year 2006.The process of attracting investment is based primarily on the availability of investment climate characterized by political and economic stability and provide the infrastructure as well as the availability of legal stability and other things contained in thenvironment or investment climate.

قياس وتحليل دالة الطلب على النقود في العراق في الامد الطويل والقصير في اطار التكامل المشترك == Measuring And Analyzing The Demand Function For Money In Iraq For Long - Term And Short - Term Under The Co - Integration Framework

اسم المؤلف: خليل اسماعيل عزيز
اسم المشرف: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد الطلب على النقود احد طرفي التوازن النقدي الذي يشكل عرض النقود طرفه الاخر من المتغيرات النقدية الاساسية التي تم التركيز عليها في النظريات النقدية , وتكتسب دراسة وتحليل دالة الطلب على النقود اهمية خاصة سواء في الاقتصاديات المتقدمة ام النامية, وتساهم هذ | The demand for cash as one of the main variables in the cash theory is one of the two sides of money equilibrium which the supply for cash is the other side. The demand for cash model has special importance in the developed and developing countries equally. This dissertation aims to study and estimating the demand for cash and the effecting factors in Iraq for the period from 1990 - 2014. The cash for demand model was estimated by using (ARDL) and bound test to test the Cointegration and the long - run and short - run between the demand for cash in Iraq as a depended variable which is determined by bunch explanatory variables i.e. Gross Domestic Product in fixed prices(GDP), nominal interest rate, inflation rate and Iraqi Dinar rate of Exchange. The relationship among the variables was examined by Impulse Response Function (IRF) through which the internal variable shock impact will be measured in VAR model on the present and future values. The Johansen test results came out to confirm integrated direction relationship of one of the study variables whether using Trace Test or Maximum Eigenvalue test , as the estimated value was found to be greater than the critical value for both the cases at the significant level (p=0.007) for Trace Test and (p=0.018) for Maximum test, which indicates the long - run equilibrium relationship among the study variables and subsequently indicates integrated direction relationship between the real demand for money as a dependent variable and the other explanatory variables. The study is also confirms a short - run equilibrium among the study variables in direction of long - run equilibrium according to the error rectification model and the short - run relationship under ARDL model. The results of the long - run relationship between of the demand for money and its limitations came out to confirm the short - run relationship, and in other side the estimated value of ARDL test according to (SUSUMSQ) and (CUSUM) as it's within the critical area, therefore, the variables are stable for both the short - run and the long - run.

مستقبل الدولة الريعية في العراق == Future of Revenue State In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: خالد مطر مشاري
اسم المشرف: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Iraq Oil occupies a big strategic importance in both , external and internal levels. However on the external level , Iraq possesses a huge oil reserve for this reason , it is classified in the place after both Saudi Arabia and Iran.Moreover it is expected that Iraq shall be the main financer of the global oil Market and the oil experts expect that many oil field will be discovered.especially in wide areas of Iraqi lands. These areas are undiscovered lands ,which have not been excreted or searched. Thus the period of the Iraqi oil production will last longer theirs expected.The strategic importance of the Iraqi oil increased hugely because of increasing global need that accompanies the continuous economic growth this is on one hand. On there other hand the decreasing of reserve oil as well as there have not been discovered a new oil field.On the internal level the oil imports enjoys with great importance in the total production and the oil exports dominate on the total exports form as well as it is considered the main foreign currencies and the general imports.Consequently it plays a vital role as the most important source of the economic development in Iraq and identify the different effects.Since the oil incomes in Iraq economics , Iraq has got the feature of the revenue state. Thus it is naturally the state can control and run this sector.The state developed it is role to run oil revenues and the methods of investment. Iraq find itself however facing a lot of external and internal challenges through the ability of income sources variety and attempt to reduce the rate of independence on oil incomes because source and the external challenges representive by how the state running the oil sector in order to reduce the effects of different external impacts on Iraqi economy.Although the Iraqi oil has a strategic importance in Iraqi economy but rather it has social and economical costs that the Iraqi society as well as economy and the revenue state has a vital role to stabilize and deepen it is tracks. The future of Iraqi economy depends to a great rang on how the state runs the oil worth , whether it was through production joint contracts in Iraq or through the state control remain on oil sector.

امكانية قيام الوحدة النقدية الخليجية في ضوء تجربة الوحدة النقدية الاوربية

اسم المؤلف: خالد عبد الحميد عبد المجيد العبدلي
اسم المشرف: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:

واقع التنويع الاقتصادي ومتطلباته في ظل سياسات التحول في العراق للمدة 1970 - 2008 == Reality of Economical Variety And Its Requirements In Change Politics In Iraq During (1970 - 2008)

اسم المؤلف: خالد جميل كامل
اسم المشرف: مانع حبش الطعمة
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The issue of multisource of income is considered to be very important in developing countries especially in Iraq and Arab countries, where the economical strategies used in those countries failed to achieve this goal as it failed to create national economy core able to steadily survive and grow up for long time. The Iraqi experiment shows that its economy fully depends on its oil revenues in treating all existing problems whether it is social, economic or political problems. Consequently , instead of developing and increase economical sectors which will prepare the country gradually to be self - dependent regardless of depleted oil wealth, they (i.e.developing countries) involved in polices and measures that led to exhaust most available energies and turn away from productive sectors, so it is not only failed to create new productive activity but they cause to make all existing traditional activities to be stumbled in those countries such agricultural and trade sectors and othersin addition to aggravate the imbalance framework like high rate of employment in governmental sector.Therefore, multisource is very necessary and urgent in Iraq which coincide with the increasing demand on oil economically which it is very important to find substitutions that can redeveloped and able to reduce the dependence on oil revenues influence on Iraqi economy and then create real wealth that capable to be durable and face external crisis which national economy may subject to as what happen by the end of 2008.To achieve this goal, we should reconsider the measures and strategies acted by Iraqi government in past years after it has become obvious that those strategies unable to improve the economical performance and the welfare of the society in spite of all potentials of which the oil resources make it possible to happen. All that should accompany by creating national strategy which determine the basic priorities in the field of reform and economical variety work side by side with required will to achieve this goal. Thus these, two conditions (the transparency of strategy and willingness availability) considered to be very important otherwise all efforts seek to diverse the production resources and increase revenue sources will be obviously failed.

بدائل الطاقة وانعكاساتها على التنمية المستدامة في دول نفطية مختارة اشارة للعراق == Energy Alternatives And Impacts On Sustainable Development In Selected Oil Countries With Reference To Iraq

اسم المؤلف: حيدر ظاهر محمد القره لوسي
اسم المشرف: لورنس يحيى صالح
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في الدول النفطية واجهها العديد من التحديات الدولية والمحلية التي انعكست على هذه الدول في مسيرة التنمية, من جهة تواجه الدول النفطية صعود بدائل الطاقة التي قد تحد وتؤثر سلبا على عوائدها النفطية في المستقبل, ولاسيما مع زيادة الاهت | The achievement of sustainable development in the oil - producing countries faced many international and domestic challenges that are reflected on these countries in the development process, from the point of oil - producing countries facing the rise of energy which may limit the negative impact on oil revenues in the future, especially with the increased attention to environmental problems and the need to dismiss sources of alternatives pollution and that of the most important sources of fossil fuels, which will contribute to reducing the importance of depleted resource in the future, on the other hand, the oil - producing countries to get rid of dependence on non - renewable resources in the financing sources of income and finding sources of income more sustainable for the future, so that follow sustainable development in the oil - producing countries in the exploit their own resources to finance the sustainable economic development of all dimensions (economic, social and environmental) and achieve a sustainable balanced development of all dimensions and areas, which will ensure dismiss rely on depleted supplier and find a variety of sources of income and more sustainable Pat things to be achieved in these countries, as well as to save the generations rights next in natural resources, so the oil - producing countries, especially Iraq, the optimal strategy to exploit the depleted supplier that achieve the highest possible return first, and to achieve sustainable development of economic sectors all Secondly, the development of human resources and convenient output mode to suit the sustainable economic development requirements Third, to achieve the three goals above in oil - producing countries to achieve sustainable economic returns to enable them to get rid of the one - sided economy and diversify sources of income, such as well as ensuring the rights of future generations in the future.

تحليل العوامل المؤثرة فـي اداء سوق الاوراق المالية : مصر حالة دراسية للمدة (1991 - 2005) == Analysis of The Influencing Factors In The Performance of The Security Market (Egypt As A Study Case For 1991 - 2005)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر حسين احمد محمد ال طعمة
اسم المشرف: يسرى مهدي حسن السامرائي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2007
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: the Security market by its different systems constitutes a basic element of the financing structure components in an economic systems which are relaid first of to all on private sector as the important role of these markets to mobilize domestic savings and steering them in an investment channels working to support the national economy and increasing the welfare rates for its individual. The study dealt with the security market in Egypt. It was aiming to Diagnose the important factors affecting in the market performance rather then discovering the effects which are Left by economic variables; money Supply, economic activity, interest rate, exchange rate, inflation, describing them as an independent variables. And, the important performance indicators of security market ; stock price index, market value, volume traded, describing them as a dependent variables. This is by using the multiple - linear Regression technique. The analysis relaid on yearly data for the period 1991 - 2005. The study fall into four basic chapters. The first one devoted to examine the study framework and included two basic section. The second chapter dealt with the concept and development of the security market and included three basic sections. The third chapter was devoted to the more important factors; both internal and external, which affecting in the security market and included two section. And the forth chapter was devoted to the emergence and development of the Egypt security market and the influencing factors and included two basic sections. The study ended with several conclusions and recommendations.

اثر سعر الصرف الاجنبي على النمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (1990ـ2015) == The Impact of Foreign Exchange Rate On Economic Growth In Iraq (1990 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: حوراء عبد الزهرة جواد السلطاني
اسم المشرف: احمد خليل الحسيني
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى ايضاح الاثار الاقتصادية لتقلبات سعر الصرف الاجنبي امام الدينار العراقي في معدلات النمو الاقتصادي خلال المدة (1990 - 2015)، وتحديد اتجاه تلك الاثار وطبيعة تاثيرها على الاقتصاد العراقي، كما ان الاقتصاد العراقي شانه شان جميع البلدان النامية تع | The study aimed to clarify the economic effects of the Iraqi dinar exchange fluctuations in economic growth rates during the period price (1990 - 2015), and to determine the direction of these effects and the nature of their impact on the Iraqi economy. The Iraqi economy, like all developing countries exposed to many of the economic imbalances and even more sharply since the early nineties and until now, which led to the loss of the factors of economic stability, and then the absence of an enabling environment for economic growth, due to wars and blockades Iraq experieuced, the weakness of domestic resource mobilization, and the increased reliance on external financing, in addition to the external debt problem. However these are the wrong economic decisions which had an influential role in most of the distortions and crises the Iraqi economy suffers from. Thus the importance of the study lies in the role that could be played by the exchange rate in effect on economic growth rates in Iraq and the advancement to overcome the problems. The study starts from the premise that " The fluctuations of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate has a negative impact on economic growth variables and their impact more pronounced as compared to the stability of the exchange rate; a neutral effect". To achieve the objectives of the study, there are three chapters, the introduction and conclusion.Chapter One : the theoretical and conceptual framework of the exchange rate and economic growth.Chapter TWO : The indices measure the exchange rate trends and economic growth in Iraq.Chapter Three : Measuring the impact of exchange rate in the economic growth of the Iraqi economy. The current study used a form of analysis record (VAR) and through a standard program (E - views), that depending on the stability of the time series as preprocessing results indicate. all model variables as stable at the level of the moral level of 1% and the level of significance of 5%, and then tested joint integration, that proved the existence of a long - term equilibrium relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, then the estimate vector autoregressive (VAR) to the variables of the study.

تحليل وقياس ظاهرة العجز المزدوج في مصر وتونس والمغرب للمدة 1975 - 2000 == Analysis And Measurement The Twin Deficiit Phenomenon Iin Egypt,, Tunisia And Moroco For The Period ((1975 - - 2000))

اسم المؤلف: حلمي ابراهيم منشد
اسم المشرف: عباس جبار الشرع
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2004
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The main aim of this Thesis is to test the twin deficit phenomenon and the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco for the period (1975 - 2000). To satisfy the aim, a several number of Econometric tests are follow : 1 - Testing of independent of monetary policy from the Fiscal policy. The results show us that the monetary policy dependent on the Fiscal policy in Egypt, and the budget deficit have an inflationary effect, in contrary to Tunisia and Morocco.2 - Testing the effect of Fiscal variables on private consumption by using Feldstein and Modigliani approachs. The results refer to the negative effect of budget deficit on private consumption in Egypt according to Feldstein approach and which meet to Ricardianequivalence in Egypt, in contrary to, in Tunisia and Morocco.3 - Testing the effects of Fiscal variables on private investment by using stepwise regression model, the results tell us the Crowding - out effect for some Fiscal variables in these countries, and Crowding - in effect for Trade liberalization on private investment in Tunisia and Morocco.4 - Testing of causality relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit, using Augmented Dickey - Fuller (ADF) test, Cointegration test, Engel - Granger approach for error correction model, and Grager causality test, we find that non - Cointegration of time series of variables in Tunisia, and Cointegration of time series of variables in Egypt and Morocco. And satisfying the Ricardian equivalence in Egypt and Tunisia, and satisfying the twin deficit in Morocco according to the bidirectional causality relationship between budget deficit and current account

محـددات الميزة التنافسية للقطاع الصناعي في الصين والعراق : دراسة تحليلية == Determinants of Competitive Advantage In The Industrial Sector In China & Iraq Analytic Study

اسم المؤلف: حسين غازي رشيد
اسم المشرف: فوزي حسين محمد الحديثي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2010
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The determinant of competitive advantage is one of the most important topics of the international economics because of the fierce competition at the national markets ,and so many studies have been conducted to answer the question - why some countries succeeded in creating and keeping its competitive advantage while others failed in this achieve this goal.The study goes off from the following hypothesis to adopt the determinants as a package plays a major role in gaining a foothold at the international markets. The aim of the study is to find out the nature of the determinants of competitive advantage of the industrial sector in Chinas economy.To test the hypothesis ,the study included three chapters ,the first was dedicated for the conceptual aspects ,while the second was devoted to the determinants of competitive advantage in the Chinese economy.the third studied the Iraqi industrial sector and its opportunities in the lights of determinants of competitive advantage. The study reached the following conclusions1 - the abundance of the production factors that embodied in the comparative theory is not anymore able to explain success at the international markets.2 - The new concepts of competitive advantage focuses on the productivity of the production factors.3 - China did not rely on its low - wage labor only but also tried every thing possible to keep its competitive advantage through building modern infra - structure, spending more entraining labor force, and allowing foreign investment.4 - The industrial sector in Iraq is very weak because the makers of economic policy neglected all determinants of competitive advantage

الاوراق المالية الاسلامية بين النظرية والتطبيق == Islamic Securities Between The Theory And Practice

اسم المؤلف: حسين علي هاشم اللعيبي
اسم المشرف: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2009
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ndirect investment with securities in the international bourses is developed upon merging the globalism and the wide range of communication revolution making this world like a little mini village, but handling the securities under the law made by mancontrolling the economic movement according to the capitalism eventually is in contrary with the rules of the Islamic forgiveness legalization advices us to avoid selling through corruption things, those harming the community or prohibited for itself nature and itsnegative effects on its taker as to it is interested with producing and merchandise alcohols, drugs , or pork flush etc. of unethical services or those dealing with usuries which is sale the debts which is a prohibited or aleatory contracts or gambling sales' forms and then Islamic Economical Thought now passing a parturition and coming to a point where the outcome providing types of Islamic tools and securities which may an alternative of the economical law made by the man.This thesis is interested to separate the right one from others this from and showing its correlation with the economical theorem and the scientific concepts serving the economical development , First chapter argues the matters of comparative and distinguishingbetween these two types in regards to the theoretical part arguing the theories of concerned capital interest price related with the securities in the capitalism economical though and then discussing the principles of Islamic economics and the prohibited sales as per the Islamic legalization whole the second chapter argued the economical inclusion of it attempting to find its relation with the theories of production, distribution and handling as well as the methods of filling the saving and financing investments eitherdirectly or indirectly. Third chapter concerned with issuance such these securities in the real world in the states and is different in the financial institutions , banks, investment funds and incorporations , also the economical principles of fiscal , monatory and development policiesbenefiting from such these applications. While fourth chapter is dictated to show modernized methods to produce such these securities called Islamic Financial Engineering followed by the conclusion of the researcher to produce new products in relevantwith developments need and application. Consequently, the researcher concluded the most important results and recommendations in this regards through which it is notice the realization possibility of verification from the target hypothesis or not!.

التاثيرات المتبادلة بين السياستين النقدية والمالية وامكانية التنسيق بينهما لتحقيق الاستقرار في الاسعار : العراق حالة دراسية == Mutual Influences Between Monetary And Fiscal Policy And Possibility of Coordination Between Them To Achieve Stability In The Prices (Iraq Case Study)

اسم المؤلف: حسين خالد حسين الصميدعي
اسم المشرف: نهاد عبد الكريم احمد العبيدي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The research assumes that the lack of coordination in the economy between monetary and fiscal policy will make the general level of prices in an unstable state.The research aims to clarify the objectives of coordination between monetary and fiscal policy, particularly since there are reciprocal influences between them this as well as the implications of the lack of coordination, In addition to the damages that may result in the economy, especially in developing countries such as Iraq as a case study.In order to briefing the subject of research, it has been divided into three chapters. Cares the first chapter of the theoretical framework for both monetary and fiscal policy and the interaction between them, and the second chapter dealt coordination and mutual influences for both policies, The third chapter addresses the coordination between monetary and fiscal policy in Iraq, Finally came the conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher.The research concluded that the stability in the general level of prices, which is currently in Iraq was continuing because daily interventions of the Central Bank through currency auction. In addition Iraq has suffered since 2004 from weakness in the coordination process and until 2014, where a clear program is not available or formal framework for coordination in Iraq. But because of lower oil prices, the start of coordination between the central bank and the government to plug the budget deficit.Research has recommended that it should be both authorities agree on a common goal to achieve specific objectives for both the two policies and selecting the optimal mix that achieves this goal. Increase the credibility and transparency of the two policies through the increase in the effectiveness of the Central Bureau of Statistics, as well as the announcement of all important economic indicators. Continued the modern economy that every action taken by fiscal authority has implications on the monetary policy operations, And vice versa. Especially since the monetary and fiscal authorities have different targets led to the appearance of a conflict in the application of monetary and fiscal policy which would disappoint policies to achieve their objectives. So the modern economy cares very attention for coordination issues between monetary and fiscal policy where the need to effective coordination requires a sustainable and credible policies. So the modern economy cares very attention for coordination issues between monetary and fiscal policy where the need to effective coordination requires a sustainable and credible policies. In addition to the presence of another condition you must be met in coordination called the institutional and legal arrangements for coordination.Iraq needs to coordination between the monetary and fiscal authorities and institutional arrangements for this coordination more than other countries, especially after the modern trends pursued by the monetary and fiscal policy after 2003. Where both the two policies taken opposite directions, monetary policy has taken a deflationary policy but fiscal policy, it has taken an expansionary policy, which reduced the expansionary fiscal policy success rates and cost of monetary policy many financial costs. The importance of this research from the benefits to the economy of the coordination process, as it will make the two policies agree on common goals, which soften or eliminate current and future conflicts between the central bank and the government.In relation to the research problem is that the weakness in the coordination process creates a state of imbalance and economic instability, as both the two policies become incapable of achieving their objectives as required, in particular the stability in the general level of prices

تحليل وقياس العلاقة بين اسعار النفط واسعار الصرف في دولة مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Analyze And Measure The Relationship Between Oil Prices And Exchange Rates In Selected Countries With Special Mention To Iraq

اسم المؤلف: حسين حسب الله علوان
اسم المشرف: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The relationship between oil price and exchange rate is important, especially in oil exporting countries. Because the fluctuations in oil price lead to instability of the revenue of oil exports, which leads to an improvement or decline in the net trade balance, as well as international reserves. In countries that adopted floating exchange rate regime, the improvement or decline in the net trade balance cause appreciation or depreciation in their currencies, while countries that depend fixed (or managed floating) exchange rate regime, the rise or fall in international reserves (as expected) lead to appreciation or depreciation in their currencies.This research discussed and analyzed the relationship between the oil prices and U.S. dollar exchange rate, as well as the relationship between the oil price and exchange rate in three oil - exporting countries (Algeria, Norway and Iraq), which adopts different exchange rate regimes. The unit root test, co - integration test, vector error correction model and Granger causality test have been adopted in this research to check the existence and direction of this relationship. The results were as follow : there is long run relationship between U.S. dollar exchange rate and oil price. The VECM and Granger causality test refer to dollar as ‎the explanatory variable (i.e. the dollar fluctuations lead the changes in oil price). Whereas there is no relationship between oil price and Algerian dinar exchange rate. but in Norway there is long run relationship between oil price and krone exchange rate, according to VECM and Granger causality test the oil price is the explanatory variable (i.e. the changes in oil price lead the fluctuations in krone exchange rate). In Iraq there is long run relationship between oil price and Iraqi dinar, Granger causality test refer to one direction causality run from oil price to Iraq dinar exchange rate (i.e. the changes in oil price lead the fluctuations in exchange rate). On other hand, VECM refer to two causality long run relationship (i.e. both oil price and exchange rate cause each other), the latter result is not accepted by the economic logic, because it is not possible the IQD affect the crude oil prices

الفساد الاقتصادي واثاره على عملية التنمية الاقتصادية في البلدان النامية == Economic Corruption And Its Effects On Economic Development Processes of Developing Countries

اسم المؤلف: حسين جابر عبد الحميد الخاقاني
اسم المشرف: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: There are many economic issues that concern society at the local level and international level and which constitute a serious challenge to the peoples and governments, perhaps including the issue of corruption in all its forms and manifestations and effects, which now attracts the attention the issue of human society everywhere. It is simply exploiting public office for personal gain, and reflects the exploitation of aberrant behavior in the noble human values of justice and equality. Perhaps the importance of these values stem from the focus of divine religions and the situation on their relationship to human life, all peoples seek to achieve, and failure to achieve increase of injustice and poverty deepens and broadens social differences, and put right is misplaced, whichincreases the weight of life and the high cost of living.The term "corruption" was not known in the literature or the media before the final quarter of last century, but spread wide and its negative made him impose himself strongly in global forums, and that started the last decade of the last century until the issue of corruption became the focus of attention of researchers who studied forms of corruption The concepts and revealed about the bad effects at all levels including the economic level, complicated by the conference, which was established by the organizations and issued the right decisions at the level of global forums like the United Nations and the European Union and others, until now the foremost concern of each government is trying to instil confidence among the governed aspiring to good governance associated with low degree of corruption. Researchers have not agreed to define the concept of corruption or specific definition is due to a disagreement over any type of conduct that should be included or excluded from the concept of corruption, in addition to the different culture from one country to another, as well as laws and social mores that allow certain behaviors are considered corrupt in the eyes of the countries Other.With the rapid globalization and economic openness in the Nineties past, corruption has become the focus of global concern, those years have seen a growing recognition that addressing the phenomenon and discussed by policy makers and academics.Many of the studies discussed the issue of corruption has focused on noneconomic reasons for corruption, which causes social, legal, administrative, and suggested means of reducing corruption through a package of laws and anticorruption legislation and the application systems of good governance, either for reasons of economic corruption have been the lowest share of research and analysis. Despite the importance of non - economic causes of corruption, but the economic causes of great importance established by the facts in the form of slower economic growth and the erosion of available resources and deepening poverty situation, which requires due attention to this aspect.This research focuses on the economic effects of corruption through disclosure of the nature of corruption and clarifies concepts and factors of the spread and the impact on economic variables. Has been to rely on the extrapolation method, with emphasis on theoretical analysis based on the logic of economic theory, method and use descriptive analysis at hand and the mathematical technique and standard models, other times to clarify the relationship between corruption and macro - economic variables and come out of that relationship from the negative effects, using schemes and fees Illustrations and graphs and tables of data available. Using different sources of literature on this subject and issued by international institutions and organizations of the reports and working papers relating to corruption in both Arabic and English, in addition to the adoption of studies and articles for specialist researchers published in professional journals or posted on the websites of international organizations related.

الجوانب الاقتصادية للموازنة المائية في العراق == The Economic Aspects of Water Balance In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: حسيب عبد الله رويح الشمري
اسم المشرف: جليل شيعان ضمد البيضاني
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Water is life and the first article, to which mystery of God in this life and survival ,and existence and construction. As the Water is the most important resource on earth is the guiding force that underpin the efforts of social and economic development.Not only the water problem in Iraq on the lack of revenue but also in the water. extends to water quality decline and turn into water unfit for use, especially after the establishment of water projects in Turkey, Syria and changing river courses for Iran.Hence the importance of water crystallized at the end of the twentieth century at the global, regional and numerous studies of water in spite of their rarity and therefore it is necessary to develop new strategies for the development and management of water in aneconomical and proper in order to avoid scarcity at various levels. Which will be pressure on agricultural production and to weaken the domestic situation of the families of the rural and industrial sectors, not to mention the increased risk to the environment and health problems.And tried to touch on the thesis that the thought of water and the proposals of the international and Bey, which now focuses on the concept of a single incision and left the supply - side water. The thesis focused on the concepts related to water markets andTrading. Where in addition to the concept of virtual water in addition To a set of indicators Various aquatic. Turning to the thesis of equitable and reasonable use on water quotas, which means to remedy the negative effects and work to build bridges of participation and interest based on a solid base of what will lead to economic revitalization and promising work to assess all the results to achieve sustainability in water resources and good management.And water in order to be a way of cooperation, the researcher about that summarizes a set of points, namely : 1 - so they can be that the style of cooperation rather than confrontation and water as a neutral and a key element of cooperation and good neighborliness.2 - The need to do a quick and urgent review of water policy in the country.3 - the need to expand the establishment of small and medium - sized dams with the allocation of agricultural land to them. 4 - The importance of the seizure to the environment and the fear of pollution should be made to.As for water policy should be to put the basic foundations and on the basis of the interaction between water security and food security and environmental security. In order to be a water policy actors in order to raise the efficiency of water use and which results in density crop with targeting the expansion of cultivated areas in order to increase agricultural production and water policies also work the integration of a harmonious between the system of natural and human system so that the concept of integration and sustainability factor in achieving a balance between supply And demand. The researcher within the plan discussed in the following chapters : Chapter I : The situation of water resources in the world.It included three sections each containing the Study of the subdivisions The first topic : addressing the problem of water globally, within the The second topic : the distribution of water resources, the Arab world. Section III : Economic theory and the integrated management of water resources.Chapter II : Water Resources in Iraq..The first topic : the reality of water in Iraq..Section II : Water demand in Iraq..Section III : Water supply in Iraq..Chapter III : The water balance in Iraq..The first topic : water policy and changing the water.Section II : Cases of water balance and ways to address water deficit.Section III : Estimates of water future resources in Iraq.
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