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التخصيصية ودورها في تطوير السوق المالية مع اشارة خاصة لتجربة (مصر والاردن)

Author name: رجاء فاضل عبود اللامي
Supervisor name: عماد محمد علي عبد اللطيف العاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر احلال النقد الاجنبي في فاعلية السياسة النقدية : دراسة لتجارب بلدان نامية مختارة للمدة (1991 - 2006) مصر، العراق == Affect of Foreign Money - Substitution In Effectiveness of The Monetary Policy , Study of Selected Developing Countries For (1991 - 2006) Egypt And Iraq

Author name: رجاء عزيز بندر العقيدي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم موسى الورد | مظهر محمد صالح
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تبنت عدد من البلدان الناميه والاقتصادات الانتقاليه في السنوات الاخيرة العمله الاجنبيه ( مثل الدولار الامريكي او غيره من العملات الاحتياطيه )، واصبحت تلك العملات في بلدان اخرى شبه رسميه او يسمح للعملات الاجنبيه بالتداول جنبا الى جنب العمله المحليه اي الا | Number of the developing and transitional countries have been adopted , in the recent years , the foreign currency to do the function of money in the domistic economy ( such as , us Dollar or other reserve currencies ).These currencies became semi - official unit of exchange in other countries , or it was allowed to such foreign currencies to circulate , side by side , with the local currency , i.e. ,to allowed the local use of foreign currency to make the transactions ( currency substitution).This phenomenon appeared due to unstable economic conditions , including these accompanied with hyper inflation.In the wake of financial liberalization , these economies have opened their financial markets to gain an enormous inflow of foreign capital giving the residents the opportunity to get the foreign assets instead of the local assets for the purpose of risk diversification or what is called ( assets substitution ) for wealth keeping.This phenomenon has posed some challenges against the economic polices , including monetary policy for it bargins on monetary independence.The main objectives of the study are to interpret why some economies use the foreign currency instead of the local currency to make transactions or to store values in the national economy , as well as analysize the full dollarization or part dollarization effect as a monetary system , in which US dollar or any foreign currency replaces the local currency to achieve the monetary policy effectiveness.The hypothesis of our study can be summarized as follows : 1. Dollarization is a result of the financial liberalization , it is a situation of deviation in the monetary equilibrium of macroeconomics , leading to the correlation financial liberalization and the recent trends of monetary policy based on the indirect means.2. Dollarization ,as a feature of the financial liberalization , poses challenges against monetary policy , which exposes it to currency crisis in countries suffering insufficient financial markets and weak local currency.To test this hypothesis and achieve the study's objectives , this study divided into four chapters.Chapter One deals with Dollarlization : The historical and theoretical roots.Chapter Two explains monetary policy effectiveness , and Factors influencing it under the financial liberalization.Chapter Three offers reflections of Dollarlization in monetary policy efficiency. While Chapter Four specialized with analysis and measurement the causal relation between the economic disequilibrium ( imbalance ) indicators and Dollarlization measurement indicator for both Egyptian and Iraqi economy for (1991 - 2006 ).The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations. The most important of conclusions are : 1. The causal relation trend from the economic imbalance indicators to Dollarlization measurement indicator for Egyptian economy , as well as the economic imbalance indicator for Iraqi economy.2. Under an environment of currency subistitution , the policy of making the exchange rate as a tool to fix the inflationary expectations , is efficient in De - Dollarlization , in spite of the cost of this policy in the field of lower Central Bank reserves and / or extra burden on public expenditures.While the most important recommendations are : 1. To reduce Dollarlization and its risks , it is necessary to have dual approach , i.e. , it discourages the use of foreign currency and promotes the attractiveness of local currency as a mean of intermediation.2. Economic stability is an important aim to remove Dollarlization , but it might not be enough to reverse it (De - Dollarlization ). So , it requires other procedures , such as liberalization of local interest rate , establishment of a competitive payments system using local currency , and development of local Financial tools , those are also steps that can help the De - Dollarlization phenomena

تاثير اختلال الميزان التجاري في النمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (2003 - 2013) == The Impact of The Trade Imbalance On Economic Growth In Iraq For The Period (2003 - 2013)S

Author name: رافد قيس فرحان
Supervisor name: وليد عبد المنعم عباس الدركزلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اهتمت الدراسة بالقاء الضوء على واقع التجارة السلعية غير النفطية، وزيادة درجة الانكشاف الاقتصادي على دول العالم الخارجي، اذ تسيطر على تجارة العراق الخارجية سلعة رئيسة وهي النفط، وبالتالي عدم قدرة العراق من التحكم بايراداته المالية نتيجة التذبذب وعدم الاس | The study cared is shedding light on the reality of the non - oil commodity trade, and increase of the degree of economic exposure on the external world states. Oil dominates the external trade of Iraq. Thus, Iraqi is incapable of controlling its revenues due to the instability of the world oil prices which effect negatively on the achieved economic revenues due to the continuous deficit of the non - oil commodity trade. We notice that during the period of study (1994 - 2003) the accumulated deficit will lead to the decrease of the capital accumulation, and thus, to the decrease of investment in all of the economic sectors associated with the oil revenues. Each decrease in the oil pirces would lead to a derease in the employments levels and the use of the available of productive sopurces on the domestic level. Consequently, that is relfetec in he achieving of high growth rates. The oil revenues dominate the greatest share of the total edxports of the country. The average of the period of study attained (%96.37). Hence the risk of depending on the oil revenues with the fluctuations on the economic relations. The exportation sector of Iraq suffers from internal and external obstacles like the backwardness of the production sectors which are incapable of meeting the domestic demands and the bad condition of the agricultural and service sectors. That opened the door for the importing of goods from the world. Consequently, that would lead to the paying of hard currency to cover the importations which include almost all the consumptive products. This makes the non - oil trade balance in a state of continues deficit until the economic sectors

تقويم كفاءة الاداء لشركة المنصور العامة للمدة (1989 - 2001) == Performance Efficiency Evaluation of Al - Mansour General Company For The Period (1989 - 2001)

Author name: رافد علي عبد الله الزوري
Supervisor name: هاشم علوان السامرائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تقويم كفاءة الاداء يقصد به التعرف على العلاقات الاقتصادية التي تربط بين الموارد (المادية, البشرية ,المالية ) المتاحة وكيفية استخدامها في الوحدة الانتاجية ,ان اهمية العملية ترجع الى ندرة الموارد الاقتصادية وبشكل خاص راس المال 0ان الصناعات الهندسية تعتبر م | The evaluation of performance efficiency means the knowledge of economic relationships between available resources and their economic use in the firm. The need to economic evaluation stems from the fact that the economic resources are scarce, especially capital.The hypothesis of this research is that the Al - Mansour General Company suffer from low efficiency of performance , and therefore the goal is alleviate such inefficiency. The engineering industry is considered an important economic sector in the national economy, because of its high contribution to national income formation, and plays an important role in economic development.The products of Al - Mansour General Company are considered an important part of engineering industry, because it includes such products as Oxygen for medical purposes, distilled and drinking water.Therefore, the title of this research became (Performance Efficiency Evaluation of Al - Mansour General Company for the period (1989 - 2001)The application of several suitable economic evaluation criteria was used. Future plan for the company for the period (2004 - 2013) was schemed by the use of economic feasibility schedule and then this schedule has been tested by sensitivity analysis. This study covered four chapters, the first introduced the theoretical framework of the study with different economic evaluation criteria which were used in the study. The second chapter introduced the actual performance of the company for the period (1989 - 2001).Also, the relative importance of this company in comparison to the engineering industry sector was shown. The third chapter dealt with the same application of economic criteria mentioned in the theoretical framework, for the period (1989 - 2001) using the actual data mentioned in the second chapter.The fourth chapter introduced the future plan for the period (2004 - 2013) by the use of economic feasibility schedule, with sensitivity analysis. Finally, several conclusions and recommendations were mentioned about the company and the study.

الازمة المالية العالمية 2008 وانعكاساتها عالميا وعربيا == The Global Financial Crisis 2008 And Its Reflaxs On Selected Arab Countries (United Arab Emirates - Egypt - Iraq)

Author name: راضي عبيد نغيمش الشمري
Supervisor name: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study subject one of the most important economic issues, Is the global financial crisis 2008, the crisis marked by all the crises that preceded the crisis was the most influential on the global economy and worked to change the economic thought in most parts of the world.Crisis has hit the mortgage market in the United States of America and spread to the capital markets and has swept the financial sector both inside and outside the United States to the growing economic interdependence due to globalization and moved the crisis to the real sector of the prevailing state of economic recession all over the world and influenced many of the economic variables by the crisis. The study aimed to identify economic and financial aspects that have been affected by the Arab countries according to the correlation of Arab country to the outside world and the nature of the economy of Arab country was the choice of three models of the Arab countries have been selected UAE as a modelfor countries of Persian Gulf that have been affected in the financial aspect largely to its association abroad, was selected Egypt as a model for a country with open economy average The study of the impact on financial and economic sectors in Egypt by the crisis and the third model represents Iraq as a country with the openness of financial non - existent on the outside and the economy unilateral depends on the oil in a large study found not affected by the financial sector in Iraq and are influenced by aspects associated with the oil at the end of the study was designed Arab strategy to avoid crises

مناخ الاستثمار في العراق للمدة 1997 - 2007 == Climate Investment In Iraq For The Period (1997 - 2007)

Author name: خولة رشيج حسن
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq economy has experienced asignificant shifts in the second half of the last century, as a result of shifting in political level, which was highlighted by the revolution of July 17 to 30. Resulted in it has establishment of a political system characterized by centralized, which leading to control of the puplic sector for the whole economic activity in the country. Despite the improvement that occurred during the seventies,due to increase oil revenues after the nationalization , the situation has not invested optimally, beside,breakiugant the Iran - Iraq war. The subsequentes economic blockade, the followers of misguided policies and ill - considered, which caused several disruptions contributed, because of the huge change of times for Iraq economy. During the second half of the nineties previous Government tried hard to make some adjustments.It proceeded to establish the Commission on investment, Ministry of Planning, reflecting the trends and new U.S.investment,especially Arab and foreign investments. But these directions and policies have not been stable, because of the conditions that prevailed at that time.After the fall of the former regime in Iraq in 2003 the successive governments adopte new direction aimed to develop the Iraqi economy by stimulating investment, both domestic and foreign investment ,that had been established through the issused Investment code No.(13)for the year 2006.The process of attracting investment is based primarily on the availability of investment climate characterized by political and economic stability and provide the infrastructure as well as the availability of legal stability and other things contained in thenvironment or investment climate.

قياس وتحليل دالة الطلب على النقود في العراق في الامد الطويل والقصير في اطار التكامل المشترك == Measuring And Analyzing The Demand Function For Money In Iraq For Long - Term And Short - Term Under The Co - Integration Framework

Author name: خليل اسماعيل عزيز
Supervisor name: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الطلب على النقود احد طرفي التوازن النقدي الذي يشكل عرض النقود طرفه الاخر من المتغيرات النقدية الاساسية التي تم التركيز عليها في النظريات النقدية , وتكتسب دراسة وتحليل دالة الطلب على النقود اهمية خاصة سواء في الاقتصاديات المتقدمة ام النامية, وتساهم هذ | The demand for cash as one of the main variables in the cash theory is one of the two sides of money equilibrium which the supply for cash is the other side. The demand for cash model has special importance in the developed and developing countries equally. This dissertation aims to study and estimating the demand for cash and the effecting factors in Iraq for the period from 1990 - 2014. The cash for demand model was estimated by using (ARDL) and bound test to test the Cointegration and the long - run and short - run between the demand for cash in Iraq as a depended variable which is determined by bunch explanatory variables i.e. Gross Domestic Product in fixed prices(GDP), nominal interest rate, inflation rate and Iraqi Dinar rate of Exchange. The relationship among the variables was examined by Impulse Response Function (IRF) through which the internal variable shock impact will be measured in VAR model on the present and future values. The Johansen test results came out to confirm integrated direction relationship of one of the study variables whether using Trace Test or Maximum Eigenvalue test , as the estimated value was found to be greater than the critical value for both the cases at the significant level (p=0.007) for Trace Test and (p=0.018) for Maximum test, which indicates the long - run equilibrium relationship among the study variables and subsequently indicates integrated direction relationship between the real demand for money as a dependent variable and the other explanatory variables. The study is also confirms a short - run equilibrium among the study variables in direction of long - run equilibrium according to the error rectification model and the short - run relationship under ARDL model. The results of the long - run relationship between of the demand for money and its limitations came out to confirm the short - run relationship, and in other side the estimated value of ARDL test according to (SUSUMSQ) and (CUSUM) as it's within the critical area, therefore, the variables are stable for both the short - run and the long - run.

مستقبل الدولة الريعية في العراق == Future of Revenue State In Iraq

Author name: خالد مطر مشاري
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Iraq Oil occupies a big strategic importance in both , external and internal levels. However on the external level , Iraq possesses a huge oil reserve for this reason , it is classified in the place after both Saudi Arabia and Iran.Moreover it is expected that Iraq shall be the main financer of the global oil Market and the oil experts expect that many oil field will be discovered.especially in wide areas of Iraqi lands. These areas are undiscovered lands ,which have not been excreted or searched. Thus the period of the Iraqi oil production will last longer theirs expected.The strategic importance of the Iraqi oil increased hugely because of increasing global need that accompanies the continuous economic growth this is on one hand. On there other hand the decreasing of reserve oil as well as there have not been discovered a new oil field.On the internal level the oil imports enjoys with great importance in the total production and the oil exports dominate on the total exports form as well as it is considered the main foreign currencies and the general imports.Consequently it plays a vital role as the most important source of the economic development in Iraq and identify the different effects.Since the oil incomes in Iraq economics , Iraq has got the feature of the revenue state. Thus it is naturally the state can control and run this sector.The state developed it is role to run oil revenues and the methods of investment. Iraq find itself however facing a lot of external and internal challenges through the ability of income sources variety and attempt to reduce the rate of independence on oil incomes because source and the external challenges representive by how the state running the oil sector in order to reduce the effects of different external impacts on Iraqi economy.Although the Iraqi oil has a strategic importance in Iraqi economy but rather it has social and economical costs that the Iraqi society as well as economy and the revenue state has a vital role to stabilize and deepen it is tracks. The future of Iraqi economy depends to a great rang on how the state runs the oil worth , whether it was through production joint contracts in Iraq or through the state control remain on oil sector.

امكانية قيام الوحدة النقدية الخليجية في ضوء تجربة الوحدة النقدية الاوربية

Author name: خالد عبد الحميد عبد المجيد العبدلي
Supervisor name: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

واقع التنويع الاقتصادي ومتطلباته في ظل سياسات التحول في العراق للمدة 1970 - 2008 == Reality of Economical Variety And Its Requirements In Change Politics In Iraq During (1970 - 2008)

Author name: خالد جميل كامل
Supervisor name: مانع حبش الطعمة
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The issue of multisource of income is considered to be very important in developing countries especially in Iraq and Arab countries, where the economical strategies used in those countries failed to achieve this goal as it failed to create national economy core able to steadily survive and grow up for long time. The Iraqi experiment shows that its economy fully depends on its oil revenues in treating all existing problems whether it is social, economic or political problems. Consequently , instead of developing and increase economical sectors which will prepare the country gradually to be self - dependent regardless of depleted oil wealth, they (i.e.developing countries) involved in polices and measures that led to exhaust most available energies and turn away from productive sectors, so it is not only failed to create new productive activity but they cause to make all existing traditional activities to be stumbled in those countries such agricultural and trade sectors and othersin addition to aggravate the imbalance framework like high rate of employment in governmental sector.Therefore, multisource is very necessary and urgent in Iraq which coincide with the increasing demand on oil economically which it is very important to find substitutions that can redeveloped and able to reduce the dependence on oil revenues influence on Iraqi economy and then create real wealth that capable to be durable and face external crisis which national economy may subject to as what happen by the end of 2008.To achieve this goal, we should reconsider the measures and strategies acted by Iraqi government in past years after it has become obvious that those strategies unable to improve the economical performance and the welfare of the society in spite of all potentials of which the oil resources make it possible to happen. All that should accompany by creating national strategy which determine the basic priorities in the field of reform and economical variety work side by side with required will to achieve this goal. Thus these, two conditions (the transparency of strategy and willingness availability) considered to be very important otherwise all efforts seek to diverse the production resources and increase revenue sources will be obviously failed.

بدائل الطاقة وانعكاساتها على التنمية المستدامة في دول نفطية مختارة اشارة للعراق == Energy Alternatives And Impacts On Sustainable Development In Selected Oil Countries With Reference To Iraq

Author name: حيدر ظاهر محمد القره لوسي
Supervisor name: لورنس يحيى صالح
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان تحقيق التنمية المستدامة في الدول النفطية واجهها العديد من التحديات الدولية والمحلية التي انعكست على هذه الدول في مسيرة التنمية, من جهة تواجه الدول النفطية صعود بدائل الطاقة التي قد تحد وتؤثر سلبا على عوائدها النفطية في المستقبل, ولاسيما مع زيادة الاهت | The achievement of sustainable development in the oil - producing countries faced many international and domestic challenges that are reflected on these countries in the development process, from the point of oil - producing countries facing the rise of energy which may limit the negative impact on oil revenues in the future, especially with the increased attention to environmental problems and the need to dismiss sources of alternatives pollution and that of the most important sources of fossil fuels, which will contribute to reducing the importance of depleted resource in the future, on the other hand, the oil - producing countries to get rid of dependence on non - renewable resources in the financing sources of income and finding sources of income more sustainable for the future, so that follow sustainable development in the oil - producing countries in the exploit their own resources to finance the sustainable economic development of all dimensions (economic, social and environmental) and achieve a sustainable balanced development of all dimensions and areas, which will ensure dismiss rely on depleted supplier and find a variety of sources of income and more sustainable Pat things to be achieved in these countries, as well as to save the generations rights next in natural resources, so the oil - producing countries, especially Iraq, the optimal strategy to exploit the depleted supplier that achieve the highest possible return first, and to achieve sustainable development of economic sectors all Secondly, the development of human resources and convenient output mode to suit the sustainable economic development requirements Third, to achieve the three goals above in oil - producing countries to achieve sustainable economic returns to enable them to get rid of the one - sided economy and diversify sources of income, such as well as ensuring the rights of future generations in the future.

تحليل العوامل المؤثرة فـي اداء سوق الاوراق المالية : مصر حالة دراسية للمدة (1991 - 2005) == Analysis of The Influencing Factors In The Performance of The Security Market (Egypt As A Study Case For 1991 - 2005)

Author name: حيدر حسين احمد محمد ال طعمة
Supervisor name: يسرى مهدي حسن السامرائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: the Security market by its different systems constitutes a basic element of the financing structure components in an economic systems which are relaid first of to all on private sector as the important role of these markets to mobilize domestic savings and steering them in an investment channels working to support the national economy and increasing the welfare rates for its individual. The study dealt with the security market in Egypt. It was aiming to Diagnose the important factors affecting in the market performance rather then discovering the effects which are Left by economic variables; money Supply, economic activity, interest rate, exchange rate, inflation, describing them as an independent variables. And, the important performance indicators of security market ; stock price index, market value, volume traded, describing them as a dependent variables. This is by using the multiple - linear Regression technique. The analysis relaid on yearly data for the period 1991 - 2005. The study fall into four basic chapters. The first one devoted to examine the study framework and included two basic section. The second chapter dealt with the concept and development of the security market and included three basic sections. The third chapter was devoted to the more important factors; both internal and external, which affecting in the security market and included two section. And the forth chapter was devoted to the emergence and development of the Egypt security market and the influencing factors and included two basic sections. The study ended with several conclusions and recommendations.

اثر سعر الصرف الاجنبي على النمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (1990ـ2015) == The Impact of Foreign Exchange Rate On Economic Growth In Iraq (1990 - 2015)

Author name: حوراء عبد الزهرة جواد السلطاني
Supervisor name: احمد خليل الحسيني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Financial And Banking Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: هدف البحث الى ايضاح الاثار الاقتصادية لتقلبات سعر الصرف الاجنبي امام الدينار العراقي في معدلات النمو الاقتصادي خلال المدة (1990 - 2015)، وتحديد اتجاه تلك الاثار وطبيعة تاثيرها على الاقتصاد العراقي، كما ان الاقتصاد العراقي شانه شان جميع البلدان النامية تع | The study aimed to clarify the economic effects of the Iraqi dinar exchange fluctuations in economic growth rates during the period price (1990 - 2015), and to determine the direction of these effects and the nature of their impact on the Iraqi economy. The Iraqi economy, like all developing countries exposed to many of the economic imbalances and even more sharply since the early nineties and until now, which led to the loss of the factors of economic stability, and then the absence of an enabling environment for economic growth, due to wars and blockades Iraq experieuced, the weakness of domestic resource mobilization, and the increased reliance on external financing, in addition to the external debt problem. However these are the wrong economic decisions which had an influential role in most of the distortions and crises the Iraqi economy suffers from. Thus the importance of the study lies in the role that could be played by the exchange rate in effect on economic growth rates in Iraq and the advancement to overcome the problems. The study starts from the premise that " The fluctuations of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate has a negative impact on economic growth variables and their impact more pronounced as compared to the stability of the exchange rate; a neutral effect". To achieve the objectives of the study, there are three chapters, the introduction and conclusion.Chapter One : the theoretical and conceptual framework of the exchange rate and economic growth.Chapter TWO : The indices measure the exchange rate trends and economic growth in Iraq.Chapter Three : Measuring the impact of exchange rate in the economic growth of the Iraqi economy. The current study used a form of analysis record (VAR) and through a standard program (E - views), that depending on the stability of the time series as preprocessing results indicate. all model variables as stable at the level of the moral level of 1% and the level of significance of 5%, and then tested joint integration, that proved the existence of a long - term equilibrium relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, then the estimate vector autoregressive (VAR) to the variables of the study.

تحليل وقياس ظاهرة العجز المزدوج في مصر وتونس والمغرب للمدة 1975 - 2000 == Analysis And Measurement The Twin Deficiit Phenomenon Iin Egypt,, Tunisia And Moroco For The Period ((1975 - - 2000))

Author name: حلمي ابراهيم منشد
Supervisor name: عباس جبار الشرع
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The main aim of this Thesis is to test the twin deficit phenomenon and the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco for the period (1975 - 2000). To satisfy the aim, a several number of Econometric tests are follow : 1 - Testing of independent of monetary policy from the Fiscal policy. The results show us that the monetary policy dependent on the Fiscal policy in Egypt, and the budget deficit have an inflationary effect, in contrary to Tunisia and Morocco.2 - Testing the effect of Fiscal variables on private consumption by using Feldstein and Modigliani approachs. The results refer to the negative effect of budget deficit on private consumption in Egypt according to Feldstein approach and which meet to Ricardianequivalence in Egypt, in contrary to, in Tunisia and Morocco.3 - Testing the effects of Fiscal variables on private investment by using stepwise regression model, the results tell us the Crowding - out effect for some Fiscal variables in these countries, and Crowding - in effect for Trade liberalization on private investment in Tunisia and Morocco.4 - Testing of causality relationship between budget deficit and current account deficit, using Augmented Dickey - Fuller (ADF) test, Cointegration test, Engel - Granger approach for error correction model, and Grager causality test, we find that non - Cointegration of time series of variables in Tunisia, and Cointegration of time series of variables in Egypt and Morocco. And satisfying the Ricardian equivalence in Egypt and Tunisia, and satisfying the twin deficit in Morocco according to the bidirectional causality relationship between budget deficit and current account

محـددات الميزة التنافسية للقطاع الصناعي في الصين والعراق : دراسة تحليلية == Determinants of Competitive Advantage In The Industrial Sector In China & Iraq Analytic Study

Author name: حسين غازي رشيد
Supervisor name: فوزي حسين محمد الحديثي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The determinant of competitive advantage is one of the most important topics of the international economics because of the fierce competition at the national markets ,and so many studies have been conducted to answer the question - why some countries succeeded in creating and keeping its competitive advantage while others failed in this achieve this goal.The study goes off from the following hypothesis to adopt the determinants as a package plays a major role in gaining a foothold at the international markets. The aim of the study is to find out the nature of the determinants of competitive advantage of the industrial sector in Chinas economy.To test the hypothesis ,the study included three chapters ,the first was dedicated for the conceptual aspects ,while the second was devoted to the determinants of competitive advantage in the Chinese economy.the third studied the Iraqi industrial sector and its opportunities in the lights of determinants of competitive advantage. The study reached the following conclusions1 - the abundance of the production factors that embodied in the comparative theory is not anymore able to explain success at the international markets.2 - The new concepts of competitive advantage focuses on the productivity of the production factors.3 - China did not rely on its low - wage labor only but also tried every thing possible to keep its competitive advantage through building modern infra - structure, spending more entraining labor force, and allowing foreign investment.4 - The industrial sector in Iraq is very weak because the makers of economic policy neglected all determinants of competitive advantage

الاوراق المالية الاسلامية بين النظرية والتطبيق == Islamic Securities Between The Theory And Practice

Author name: حسين علي هاشم اللعيبي
Supervisor name: اسعد جواد كاظم الانصاري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ndirect investment with securities in the international bourses is developed upon merging the globalism and the wide range of communication revolution making this world like a little mini village, but handling the securities under the law made by mancontrolling the economic movement according to the capitalism eventually is in contrary with the rules of the Islamic forgiveness legalization advices us to avoid selling through corruption things, those harming the community or prohibited for itself nature and itsnegative effects on its taker as to it is interested with producing and merchandise alcohols, drugs , or pork flush etc. of unethical services or those dealing with usuries which is sale the debts which is a prohibited or aleatory contracts or gambling sales' forms and then Islamic Economical Thought now passing a parturition and coming to a point where the outcome providing types of Islamic tools and securities which may an alternative of the economical law made by the man.This thesis is interested to separate the right one from others this from and showing its correlation with the economical theorem and the scientific concepts serving the economical development , First chapter argues the matters of comparative and distinguishingbetween these two types in regards to the theoretical part arguing the theories of concerned capital interest price related with the securities in the capitalism economical though and then discussing the principles of Islamic economics and the prohibited sales as per the Islamic legalization whole the second chapter argued the economical inclusion of it attempting to find its relation with the theories of production, distribution and handling as well as the methods of filling the saving and financing investments eitherdirectly or indirectly. Third chapter concerned with issuance such these securities in the real world in the states and is different in the financial institutions , banks, investment funds and incorporations , also the economical principles of fiscal , monatory and development policiesbenefiting from such these applications. While fourth chapter is dictated to show modernized methods to produce such these securities called Islamic Financial Engineering followed by the conclusion of the researcher to produce new products in relevantwith developments need and application. Consequently, the researcher concluded the most important results and recommendations in this regards through which it is notice the realization possibility of verification from the target hypothesis or not!.

التاثيرات المتبادلة بين السياستين النقدية والمالية وامكانية التنسيق بينهما لتحقيق الاستقرار في الاسعار : العراق حالة دراسية == Mutual Influences Between Monetary And Fiscal Policy And Possibility of Coordination Between Them To Achieve Stability In The Prices (Iraq Case Study)

Author name: حسين خالد حسين الصميدعي
Supervisor name: نهاد عبد الكريم احمد العبيدي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The research assumes that the lack of coordination in the economy between monetary and fiscal policy will make the general level of prices in an unstable state.The research aims to clarify the objectives of coordination between monetary and fiscal policy, particularly since there are reciprocal influences between them this as well as the implications of the lack of coordination, In addition to the damages that may result in the economy, especially in developing countries such as Iraq as a case study.In order to briefing the subject of research, it has been divided into three chapters. Cares the first chapter of the theoretical framework for both monetary and fiscal policy and the interaction between them, and the second chapter dealt coordination and mutual influences for both policies, The third chapter addresses the coordination between monetary and fiscal policy in Iraq, Finally came the conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher.The research concluded that the stability in the general level of prices, which is currently in Iraq was continuing because daily interventions of the Central Bank through currency auction. In addition Iraq has suffered since 2004 from weakness in the coordination process and until 2014, where a clear program is not available or formal framework for coordination in Iraq. But because of lower oil prices, the start of coordination between the central bank and the government to plug the budget deficit.Research has recommended that it should be both authorities agree on a common goal to achieve specific objectives for both the two policies and selecting the optimal mix that achieves this goal. Increase the credibility and transparency of the two policies through the increase in the effectiveness of the Central Bureau of Statistics, as well as the announcement of all important economic indicators. Continued the modern economy that every action taken by fiscal authority has implications on the monetary policy operations, And vice versa. Especially since the monetary and fiscal authorities have different targets led to the appearance of a conflict in the application of monetary and fiscal policy which would disappoint policies to achieve their objectives. So the modern economy cares very attention for coordination issues between monetary and fiscal policy where the need to effective coordination requires a sustainable and credible policies. So the modern economy cares very attention for coordination issues between monetary and fiscal policy where the need to effective coordination requires a sustainable and credible policies. In addition to the presence of another condition you must be met in coordination called the institutional and legal arrangements for coordination.Iraq needs to coordination between the monetary and fiscal authorities and institutional arrangements for this coordination more than other countries, especially after the modern trends pursued by the monetary and fiscal policy after 2003. Where both the two policies taken opposite directions, monetary policy has taken a deflationary policy but fiscal policy, it has taken an expansionary policy, which reduced the expansionary fiscal policy success rates and cost of monetary policy many financial costs. The importance of this research from the benefits to the economy of the coordination process, as it will make the two policies agree on common goals, which soften or eliminate current and future conflicts between the central bank and the government.In relation to the research problem is that the weakness in the coordination process creates a state of imbalance and economic instability, as both the two policies become incapable of achieving their objectives as required, in particular the stability in the general level of prices

تحليل وقياس العلاقة بين اسعار النفط واسعار الصرف في دولة مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Analyze And Measure The Relationship Between Oil Prices And Exchange Rates In Selected Countries With Special Mention To Iraq

Author name: حسين حسب الله علوان
Supervisor name: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The relationship between oil price and exchange rate is important, especially in oil exporting countries. Because the fluctuations in oil price lead to instability of the revenue of oil exports, which leads to an improvement or decline in the net trade balance, as well as international reserves. In countries that adopted floating exchange rate regime, the improvement or decline in the net trade balance cause appreciation or depreciation in their currencies, while countries that depend fixed (or managed floating) exchange rate regime, the rise or fall in international reserves (as expected) lead to appreciation or depreciation in their currencies.This research discussed and analyzed the relationship between the oil prices and U.S. dollar exchange rate, as well as the relationship between the oil price and exchange rate in three oil - exporting countries (Algeria, Norway and Iraq), which adopts different exchange rate regimes. The unit root test, co - integration test, vector error correction model and Granger causality test have been adopted in this research to check the existence and direction of this relationship. The results were as follow : there is long run relationship between U.S. dollar exchange rate and oil price. The VECM and Granger causality test refer to dollar as ‎the explanatory variable (i.e. the dollar fluctuations lead the changes in oil price). Whereas there is no relationship between oil price and Algerian dinar exchange rate. but in Norway there is long run relationship between oil price and krone exchange rate, according to VECM and Granger causality test the oil price is the explanatory variable (i.e. the changes in oil price lead the fluctuations in krone exchange rate). In Iraq there is long run relationship between oil price and Iraqi dinar, Granger causality test refer to one direction causality run from oil price to Iraq dinar exchange rate (i.e. the changes in oil price lead the fluctuations in exchange rate). On other hand, VECM refer to two causality long run relationship (i.e. both oil price and exchange rate cause each other), the latter result is not accepted by the economic logic, because it is not possible the IQD affect the crude oil prices

الفساد الاقتصادي واثاره على عملية التنمية الاقتصادية في البلدان النامية == Economic Corruption And Its Effects On Economic Development Processes of Developing Countries

Author name: حسين جابر عبد الحميد الخاقاني
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: There are many economic issues that concern society at the local level and international level and which constitute a serious challenge to the peoples and governments, perhaps including the issue of corruption in all its forms and manifestations and effects, which now attracts the attention the issue of human society everywhere. It is simply exploiting public office for personal gain, and reflects the exploitation of aberrant behavior in the noble human values of justice and equality. Perhaps the importance of these values stem from the focus of divine religions and the situation on their relationship to human life, all peoples seek to achieve, and failure to achieve increase of injustice and poverty deepens and broadens social differences, and put right is misplaced, whichincreases the weight of life and the high cost of living.The term "corruption" was not known in the literature or the media before the final quarter of last century, but spread wide and its negative made him impose himself strongly in global forums, and that started the last decade of the last century until the issue of corruption became the focus of attention of researchers who studied forms of corruption The concepts and revealed about the bad effects at all levels including the economic level, complicated by the conference, which was established by the organizations and issued the right decisions at the level of global forums like the United Nations and the European Union and others, until now the foremost concern of each government is trying to instil confidence among the governed aspiring to good governance associated with low degree of corruption. Researchers have not agreed to define the concept of corruption or specific definition is due to a disagreement over any type of conduct that should be included or excluded from the concept of corruption, in addition to the different culture from one country to another, as well as laws and social mores that allow certain behaviors are considered corrupt in the eyes of the countries Other.With the rapid globalization and economic openness in the Nineties past, corruption has become the focus of global concern, those years have seen a growing recognition that addressing the phenomenon and discussed by policy makers and academics.Many of the studies discussed the issue of corruption has focused on noneconomic reasons for corruption, which causes social, legal, administrative, and suggested means of reducing corruption through a package of laws and anticorruption legislation and the application systems of good governance, either for reasons of economic corruption have been the lowest share of research and analysis. Despite the importance of non - economic causes of corruption, but the economic causes of great importance established by the facts in the form of slower economic growth and the erosion of available resources and deepening poverty situation, which requires due attention to this aspect.This research focuses on the economic effects of corruption through disclosure of the nature of corruption and clarifies concepts and factors of the spread and the impact on economic variables. Has been to rely on the extrapolation method, with emphasis on theoretical analysis based on the logic of economic theory, method and use descriptive analysis at hand and the mathematical technique and standard models, other times to clarify the relationship between corruption and macro - economic variables and come out of that relationship from the negative effects, using schemes and fees Illustrations and graphs and tables of data available. Using different sources of literature on this subject and issued by international institutions and organizations of the reports and working papers relating to corruption in both Arabic and English, in addition to the adoption of studies and articles for specialist researchers published in professional journals or posted on the websites of international organizations related.

الجوانب الاقتصادية للموازنة المائية في العراق == The Economic Aspects of Water Balance In Iraq

Author name: حسيب عبد الله رويح الشمري
Supervisor name: جليل شيعان ضمد البيضاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Water is life and the first article, to which mystery of God in this life and survival ,and existence and construction. As the Water is the most important resource on earth is the guiding force that underpin the efforts of social and economic development.Not only the water problem in Iraq on the lack of revenue but also in the water. extends to water quality decline and turn into water unfit for use, especially after the establishment of water projects in Turkey, Syria and changing river courses for Iran.Hence the importance of water crystallized at the end of the twentieth century at the global, regional and numerous studies of water in spite of their rarity and therefore it is necessary to develop new strategies for the development and management of water in aneconomical and proper in order to avoid scarcity at various levels. Which will be pressure on agricultural production and to weaken the domestic situation of the families of the rural and industrial sectors, not to mention the increased risk to the environment and health problems.And tried to touch on the thesis that the thought of water and the proposals of the international and Bey, which now focuses on the concept of a single incision and left the supply - side water. The thesis focused on the concepts related to water markets andTrading. Where in addition to the concept of virtual water in addition To a set of indicators Various aquatic. Turning to the thesis of equitable and reasonable use on water quotas, which means to remedy the negative effects and work to build bridges of participation and interest based on a solid base of what will lead to economic revitalization and promising work to assess all the results to achieve sustainability in water resources and good management.And water in order to be a way of cooperation, the researcher about that summarizes a set of points, namely : 1 - so they can be that the style of cooperation rather than confrontation and water as a neutral and a key element of cooperation and good neighborliness.2 - The need to do a quick and urgent review of water policy in the country.3 - the need to expand the establishment of small and medium - sized dams with the allocation of agricultural land to them. 4 - The importance of the seizure to the environment and the fear of pollution should be made to.As for water policy should be to put the basic foundations and on the basis of the interaction between water security and food security and environmental security. In order to be a water policy actors in order to raise the efficiency of water use and which results in density crop with targeting the expansion of cultivated areas in order to increase agricultural production and water policies also work the integration of a harmonious between the system of natural and human system so that the concept of integration and sustainability factor in achieving a balance between supply And demand. The researcher within the plan discussed in the following chapters : Chapter I : The situation of water resources in the world.It included three sections each containing the Study of the subdivisions The first topic : addressing the problem of water globally, within the The second topic : the distribution of water resources, the Arab world. Section III : Economic theory and the integrated management of water resources.Chapter II : Water Resources in Iraq..The first topic : the reality of water in Iraq..Section II : Water demand in Iraq..Section III : Water supply in Iraq..Chapter III : The water balance in Iraq..The first topic : water policy and changing the water.Section II : Cases of water balance and ways to address water deficit.Section III : Estimates of water future resources in Iraq.

العلاقة بين مكونات الطلب الكلي وتوزيع الدخل في العراق للمدة (1990 - 2014) == The Relationship Between The Aggregate Demandcomponents And Income Distribution In Iraq For The Period (1990 - 2014)

Author name: حسن خلف راضي
Supervisor name: فارس كريم بريهي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى اختبار العلاقة بين مكونات الطلب الكلي،وتوزيع الدخل في العراق للمدة (1990 - 2014) باستخدام بيانات السلسلة الزمنية بالاسعار الجارية وبالصيغة اللوغاريتمية، وامكانية الاجابة عن الاسئلة، هل انعكس توزيع الدخل في النمو الاقتصادي على واقع ا | This study aimed at testing the relationship between the components of aggregate demand and income distribution in Iraq for the period (1990 - 2014) using time series data at current prices and as logarithmic. It also aimed to answer the following questions : was the income distribution reflected on the reality of the rentier Iraqi economy? Were the aggregate demand components able to achieve the fair distribution of the income in the Iraqi economy? And was the growth achieved first or the distribution and the response exchange between them when tracking the time and quantitative path of the study variables? for the purpose of proving the study hypothesis which states that the relationship between the aggregate demand components and the income distribution in Iraq for the period (1990 - 2014) is weak. In addition, the study aimed at testing the relationship between the components of aggregate demand and economic growth in Iraq. The study also measures and analyzes the relationship between the expenditure and the economic growth and Gini index to measure the inequality in the distribution of income according to a family survey of the year 2012. Determining the reality of the of the aggregate demand components and the distribution of the growth benefits and their effect on the inequality in the incomes distribution in the Iraqi economy which is described as a rentier economy. The distribution of delay model (ARDL) was used. All the variables of the study were shown to be stable at first difference or at the level of some variables. The long and short - term equilibrium relationship (co - integration) between variables and test the causality of these variables was tested. Tests showed that governmental spending has positive impact in the short term and negative impact through long - term in the model that measures the relationship between aggregate demand components and economic growth. The individual spending was found to have a positive impact on the average income of the individuals for the short term because increasing spending leads to an increase in the economic growth. Negative impact in the average spending was found over the long term for economic growth. The Gini index for measuring the disparity in income distribution had no significant impact in the long term on the growth in the provinces of Iraq. The remaining variables included in the study were found to have no effect in the short - term economic growth, where the parameters of these variables were low and has no impact on the growth. The study recommended the diversification of income sources in Iraq

معوقات التنمية الاقتصادية في العراق بعد عام 2003 بحث تحليلي مقارن في ضوء معطيات التجربة الماليزية == Impediments of Economic Development In Iraq After 2003, A Comparative Analysis of The Malaysian Experience

Author name: حامد رحيم جناني
Supervisor name: لورنس يحيى صالح
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الاقتصاد يشكل حجر الاساس في بناء كيان الدولة، وعامل اساس في صناعة الاستقرار العام كونه يمثل بنية تحتية يساهم في صناعة القيم الاجتماعية السائدة وشكل الدولة السياسي،وبذات الوقت ان الاصلاح الاقتصادي وتحقيق التنمية هو نتيجة طبيعية للدولة المتماسكة الحديثة | Economy is the foundation stone of the state and an important factor in the stability of the state. It is an essential factor in the formation of the prevailing social values and the policy of the state At the same time, economic reform is the product of a cohesive modern state.That means that economy is a cause and an effect. Economy plays a major role in Iraq, which is suffering from a difficult and exceptional circumstances because of the lack of balance between the elements of economic development and its economy. The necessary condition to achieve development is the diagnosis of the obstacles that prevent the development and study of international experience in a country has achieved development. This requires a study of the concept of economic development and take advantage of intellectual development at the level of modernity. Then the Obstacles of the development are analyzed comprehensively. After that the ways to achieve the development of the Iraqi economy are showed because the Iraqi economy has important ingredients and opportunities that make it capable of achieving development. In order to achieve the above, we should follow the induction in Iraq and the elicitation to clarify the experience of Malaysia for achieving economic development The Malaysian circumstances before development were similar to the current Iraqi circumstances. Consensual democracy is the reason of the political struggles in Iraq as well as the reality of the situation explains there is an inverse relationship between oil's revenues and achieving development in Iraq because of the dominance of government on the economy and the emergence of Dutch disease The decision - makers' will and ability should be available at the level of development that coupled with the strategic economic planning

قياس اثر برامج الاصلاح الاقتصادي على الفجوة الغذائية في الوطن العربي : مصر, الاردن حالة دراسية == Measuring The Impact of Economic Reform Programmes On The Food Gap In The Arab Homeland : Egypt & Jordan (Case Study)

Author name: جليل كامل غيدان الجبوري
Supervisor name: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The world order witnessed vast structural changes branded by rapidity and comprehensiveness which caused dramatical changes on many economical variables. It also influenced the social and economic situations to all countries whether developed or developing. So the developing countries find itself required to enter or adopt the policies of political reform imposed by the world economic environment factors, local factors represented by economic recession, increase in oil prices, aggravation of the crisis of foreign indebtedness, international increase of interest prices, the trend to globalization, the prominence of the private sector as a main axis to activate the economic activity and to undertake an effective role in the economic development. All these factors led to structural confusion in the economies of the developing countries, including the countries of the Arab Homeland. Food is regarded as an essential indicator for economic growth and a measure for the level of individual's luxury, so this study aims at showing the extent of the influence of the policies of the economic reform programmes used in the Arab World countries on the food gap represented by the difference between consumption and production hypothesizing that, these policies have positive and negative influences on the food gap. This study is divided into three chapters.The first chapter includes a theoretical vision for the economic reform programmes and its reflection on the food gap. The first section deals with the concepts of economic reform. In the second section, the food gap tackled, and the section devoted to the theoretical influences of the economic reform programmes on the food gap.The second chapter tackles the applications of the economic reform programmes and the food gap in chosen countries (Egypt & Jordan)..

واقع الخصخصة في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 1987 - 2005 ومستقبلها في ظل استراتيجيه التنمية الوطنية

Author name: تغريد قاسم محمد ابو تراب
Supervisor name: شعبان صدام منشد الامارة
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraqi economy Suffering , as an economy of the developing countries, from many economy problems which appeared as an imbalance in production structure, drastic of its debts and failure of its development actions. This status proving the public institutions failure in managing the resources. That of course causing in wasting there resources and hindering the development process.After the year 2003 ,Iraq has seen dramatic change. Therefore, a great transforming has seen in Iraq and new derivations appeared in all economic, social and politic fields. In to adoptee developing strategy depending on the market mechanism that means going to ward a doling privatization policy from many alternatives of the economic area in Iraq , in order to rebuild. The economy the study , therefore , depending on a hypothesis saying that " using the privatization policy and allowing the private sector to become as effective partner in the economic activity , will be led to improve the the performance of national economy and develop it"

دور القطاع الخاص في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2002 - 2008 == The Role of Private Sector In Iraqi Economy For The Period (2002 - 2008)

Author name: بيداء رزاق حسين الزيدي
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed to seek the reasons of private sector weakness in Iraq , and present the suggestions concern with the subject. The private sector is still weak ,it can't depend on it , as alone , to raise investment rates , and dealing with unemployment problem so , it is the function of the state to take care to support the private sector , in order to help itself to grow and develop. that isbecause this sector considered to be the valuable source in generating the income , and changing.The productive base , reconstruction , and develop the public services. The Hypothesis of the study sags ''The policies of the reformation in Iraq can't support the importance and allocation of the private sector , in order to participate in taking out its rolein guiding the economic development process in Iraq''.The result of testing the hypothesis showed the study that the reasons of private sectors weakness in Iraq are the bad economic policies that the state used.Finally , The study showed that the result of the study will serve the decision makers in economic policies to adopate the policy that is move positive to activate and develop the private sector in Iraq.

تحليل اثر تقلبات السوق المالية على اسعار الصرف في عدد من البلدان النامية مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Effect of Financial Market Volatilities On The Exchange Rate In The Number of The Developing Countries Including Iraq

Author name: بلال محمد اسعد محمود
Supervisor name: عماد محمد علي عبد اللطيف العاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى تحليل العلاقة بين بيانات مؤشر السوق المالية مع سعر الصرف الاجنبي في عدد من البلدان النامية، مع اثبات وجود اثر لتقلبات مؤشر السوق المالية على سعر الصرف الاجنبي لعملة البلد الذي يشهد تقلبات في سوقه الاساسي للاوراق المالية، مع التركيز على حالة | This study aim at analyzing the relationship between the financial market index data with the foreign exchange rate in the number of the developing countries, with certifying the existence of an effect to the volatilities of the financial market index on the foreign exchange rate of a country currency that witnesses volatilities in its basic financial market, with focus on a case of Iraq state, by using models of (GARCH) Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedascity with used recently in analyzing and discovering the volatilities in the financial markets particularly and the risks resulted in, and an extent of results accuracy of this model has been tested by using Granger causality test.The study includes the daily data of a sample for seven states (Iraq, Saudia Arabia, Qatar, Tunisia, Malaysia, Indonesia, UAE) for the period beginning in 2/1/2010 and till of 19/11/2013, because these are developing countries enjoying with active markets of the financial indexes besides the exchange rate, and their economies are nearly similar as depending on a basic resource the oil exports or tourism at large and similar to Iraq case.There are two methods to discuss and analyzing the relationship between the volatilities in the financial market and the volatilities in exchange rate : the traditional method and modern financial portfolio method. The study concluded that states (Indonesia, Saudia Arabia, UAE) has analysis results were identical to the classical method saying that the exchange rate effects on financial market index, while other states (Malaysia, Tunisia, Iraq) had analysis results were identical to the financial portfolio method which emphasizes that volatilities in the financial market index effect on currency exchange rate of these states.The bi - direction relationship between the financial market index and the exchange rate was appeared clearly in the case of (Qatar) state, since the analysis of data series of this state showed the existence of mutual effect to the volatilities of the two financial and exchange rate markets. Granger causality test has come to confirm an accuracy extent and the rightness to the estimated relationship and its identification to the Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedascity GARCH (1,1) for the financial time series of the states as sample under study.

قياس تاثير نافذة بيع العملة على التغيرات في سعر الصرف وعرض النقود في العراق == Measure The Impact of Currency Auction On The Variability of The Exchange Rate & Money Supply In Iraq

Author name: بلال قاسم محمد حسن
Supervisor name: محمود محمد محمود داغر
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الحالة الانتقالية التي عاشها الاقتصاد العراقي بعد 2003، والتحول في اتجاهات السياسة النقدية حديثا اثر حصول البنك المركزي على استقلاليته استنادا الى قانون 56 لعام 2004، ادت الى استخدام السلطة النقدية ادوات حديثة وبما يتناسب مع متطلبات التوجه نحو نظام السوق من جهة، والخصوصية التي يتصف بها الاقتصاد العراقي في ظل الاختلال الهيكلي الذي يعاني منه فضلا عن تخلف النظام المالي والمصرفي من جهة اخرى.اتبعت السلطة النقدية سياسة استهداف التضخم من اجل الحفاظ على الاستقرار النقدي في البلد وعده حاضنة للنمو المستقبلي ، واستخدمت من اجل تحقيق هدفها سعر الصرف مثبتا اسميا Nominal Anchor ، بسبب ريعية الاقتصاد والهشاشة المالية Shallowness وانفصال القطاع الحقيقي عن النقدي مما يجعل القنوات التقليدية لانتقال اثر السياسة النقدية (معدل الفائدة) غير فاعلة بنسبة كبيرة . واستخدمت السلطة النقدية نافذة بيع العملة الية للسيطرة على سعر الصرف والتحكم به (في ظل نظام صرف معلن de Jure نظام تعويم مدار ، ونظام صرفي حقيقي de facto ينقسم لمرحلتين الاولى 2004 - 2009 نظام تعويم مدار والثانية 2009 - 2015 نظام سعر صرف ثابت)، وبما يحقق هدف استقرار الاسعار. نجحت السلطة النقدية من خلال استعمال نافذة بيع العملة في السيطرة على سعر الصرف وتقليص فجوة الصرف بين السعر الرسمي والسعر الموازي، ومن ثم الحفاظ على سعر صرف مستقر نسبيا للمدة 2004 - 2015 وبالتالي استقرار الاسعار والقوة الشرائية في الاقتصاد .الا ان نجاح هذه الاداة كان على حساب الضغط على الاحتياطيات الدولية لدى البنك المركزي في ظل الانفاق الاستهلاكي الكبير من قبل الحكومة، مقابل تناقص عائدات النفط التي تمثل المصدر الوحيد لعرض العملة الاجنبية . مما يجعل سعر الصرف مستقبلا هو الاخر غير قادر على الحفاظ على استقرار الاسعار وخفض التضخم، بالتالي تصبح العملة العراقية مهددة بالانهيار . ولكنها تبقى الاداة الفاعلة الوحيده لدى السلطة النقدية في ظل الظروف الخاصة التي يعيشها الاقتصاد العراقي. | The transition states that Iraq economy lived it after 2003. And the change in tools used by monetary policy based on C.B.I law 56 in 2004, under the especially situation for the economy (structural imbalances and the weakness of banking & financial sector).The monetary policy followed the inflation target policy to keep the monetary stability in the economy and considered it an incubator for future growth. It used the exchange rate as a nominal anchor to achieve the goal (because the rentier of economy, finance Shallowness & separation between real sector and finance sector, all this cause the normal channel to transfer the effect of monetary policy (interest rate) ineffective.For all that the monetary policy used the Auction as a mechanism to effect on exchange rate. And it’s succeed to controls the exchange rate and reduce the gap between the official price and real price to keep the exchange rate relatively stable for period 2004 - 2015 down to the stability of prices & purchasing power.But the succeed of Auction caused pressure on international Reserves in the C.B.I under the big government expenditure (especially the consumption expenditure) compared to a decrease of oil return, which represent the only source to supply the foreign currency. That makes exchange rate in the future inactive to keep the stability in the price and decrease the inflation.But the Auction still the only active tool used by the monetary policy under the especially situation the Iraqi economies lived.

قياس الاداء التنموي لاسواق المال العربية للمدة 1994 - 2004

Author name: بشير هادي عودة الطائي
Supervisor name: زهرة حسن عباس التميمي | مصطفى مهدي حسين
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

الابتكارات الحديثة في انظمة المدفوعات وتاثيرها في استقرار السياسة النقدية مع اشارة الى تجربة الاتحاد الاوروبي

Author name: برهان عثمان حسين البرزنجي
Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المحفظة الاستثمارية الحديثة وامكانية تطبيقها : دراسة حالة سوق العراق للاوراق المالية == The Modern Portfolio Theory And Their Possible Application : Case Study of The Iraqi Market For Stock Exchange

Author name: براء محي الدین ابراهیم الاعظمي
Supervisor name: محمد صالح سلمان الكبيسي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study highlight the vital part of the economy but a portfolio investment, the fact that the portfolio selection process consists of two parts, one based on scientific facts is formed in front of investor The second part is the view of the individual Alchkssp direction of each molecule within the investment portfolio, which being, so the basic premise that the investor builds its conclusions on the extent of his faith in the future accomplishment earned him the financial market. The purpose of the selection problem of the thesis is not the absence of solutions, but the lack of a systematic economic address in full, and due to how the vision is most clearly as possible to both parts of the investment portfolio, namely, the return and risk, the problem is between what the investor wants achieved return for what is achieved already and what to accept the risk of confrontation and what is the risk of the portfolio in fact. It is this basis of this letter seeks to achieve several goals, the first access to the basic theory to solve the problem is the possibility of application of the theory of modern portfolio investment in the Iraqi market for securities and the suitability of the Iraqi economy, and the second the possibility of creating a wide application of policy Tnoieip efficient investment portfolio and third - term application of the method systematic scientific approach to portfolio investment in the Iraqi financial market and the fourth is the ability to build accurate conclusions for the future of racial and portfolio risk and return them by relying on historical data of each financial asset or several types of financial asset of one and the quality of the results achieved. Therefore, the premise upon which the study was the adoption of portfolio theory as a basis to draw a scientific and systematic way to access the maximum possible returns with the face of the lowest possible risk through the activation of efficient policy of diversification with the appropriate combination with the investment portfolio compared with similar work and act for the difference between methodological approach taken and the method of random non - systematic, the success of the hypothesis was tested by selecting a sample of joint stock companies operating in the Iraqi market for securities and depending on certain financial indicators to derive the most accurate results, which can show us the best possible vision for the future of the reality of the investment portfolio of the design was done investment vocabulary consists of the sample was selected based on efficiency in terms of return and low risk, and that led to the results proved the success of the user mode within the reality of the Iraqi economy. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The letter contained five chapters discuss the first chapter in his upbringing and the concept of modern portfolio theory and overlap between them and the theory of economic benefit, while the Chapter II contains the components parts of the investment portfolio and how to build an investment portfolio modern theory of the basics, and Chapter III Regulations in the Iraqi market for securities and the fundamental basis of by the methodological approach taken in the test, the fourth chapter has also addressed the comparison between the portfolio working without scientific basis and the investment portfolio that has been adopted and built on scientific method and the theoretical foundation of the theory of portfolio investment, and that Chapter V contains the conclusions had been reached in the This study in addition to the recommendations it deems researcher within this message. The most important conclusions reached are : 1. Methods that must be followed to achieve the investment objectives selected in the squad for the wallet is pursuing a policy of investment Tnoieip efficient. 2. Indicated that follow such a systematic way has proved clear guidelines on the difference between him and the random - based Allaalmip, which showed no impact on the investment within the Iraqi financial market. 3. Find the way to determine the impact of mental outlook for the investor to both the size of the return that he wants to achieve in relation to the risk that possible to face in any combination selected by any policy Tnoieip followed. 4. Achieve scientific method used to infer two main points : A. Get on the prospects for more efficient to configure a variety of policy and the use of diversification that may be appropriate to the aspirations of the investor. B. The adoption of mobile style in his analysis of economic and financial indicators for companies selected for investment and thus takes into account the possible changes and jumps occur in each economy of any country in particular, periods of economic crisis being interested in measuring the indicators of historical formulas.

الامن المائي وتاثيره في التنمية الزراعية في العراق == Water Security And Its Effect Upon Agricultural Development In Iraq

Author name: بثينة حسيب سلمان الشريفي
Supervisor name: مهدي صالح محمد العاني
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد المياه من العوامل الطبيعية الضرورية في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية بشكل عام والزراعية بشكل خاص، الا ان هذه الموارد تعاني من جملة من المشاكل منها التغيرات المناخية وما ينتج عنها من تغيرات في الهطول المطري والثلوج اذ تشكل تلك الظاهرة تاثيرا مباشرا في ا | Water resources in Iraq face many challenges such as meeting basic needs, security the food and governing water wisely. This would require the preparation of a detailed strategic plan and assessment of the current state of water security in order to identify the handicaps.The aim of this thesis is to build water budget in Iraq until 2025 to show the relationship between supply and demand of water.The thesis provides a discussion of the many items of the budget, together with some possible costs. The discussion is mostly descriptive, but quantitative estimates are included for one aspect of the problem : the effect of water surplus upon economics and agriculture growth.The hypothesis adopted in this thesis is that Iraq will never face water deficit in the Long - term. The thesis divided into three chapters. The first of which considers water security in Iraq, and the impact of the policies adopted by neighboring countries (Turkey, Iran and Syria).An effort was made to show the handicaps which hinder the growth of agriculture by using indices in order to reach some suggestions to overcome them.The second chapter, studies the effective factors in agricultural development through the national plans and investment programs for the period (1951 - 2025).In the third chapter, the future water budget was constructed until 2025. The items of input and output of water were determined in such budget.The results of the analysis showed that Iraq will not suffer from water deficit in current and future period.Finally, some conclusions and recommendations were reached. Most of them show the necessity of the contribution of water resources in economic and agricultural development and increasing the benefits of water surplus.

واقع اداء صناعة النقل البحري في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي والعراق : دراسة مقارنة == The Real Performance of Maritime Transport Industry In G.C.C. A And Iraq (A Comparative Study)

Author name: بان علي حسين المشهداني
Supervisor name: فاضل جمعة جبر العقابي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل ازمة التخطيط في العراق في ظل التحول نحو اقتصاد السوق للمدة (2003 - 2013)م == Analysis of The Planning Crisis In Iraq Within The Transformation Toward Market Economy For The Period (2003 - 2013)

Author name: بان خليل ابراهيم الموسوي
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يقدم هذا البحث عددا من التحليلات والشواهد النظرية والدلائل العلمية التي توضح مدى تاثير التغيرات والتحولات الاقتصادية العالمية على الاقتصاد العراقي الذي شهد التوجه نحوها منذ عام 2003م بعــــــد عقــــود من سيــــطرة الاقتصاد الموجه، مستعرضا ابرز مظاهر ال | This research presents many of theoretical analyzes and attestations, and scientific evidences showing the impact of global changes and economic transformations on the Iraqi economy, which is witnessing orientation towards it since 2003 after decades of domination - oriented economy, presenting the most prominent manifestations of economic transformation towards market economy (the advanced capitalist) of programs and policies strategy brought by global organizations of capitalism, which affected the planning trends and economic development objectives. We have been discussing many of the core issues such as advanced capitalism, market economy, liberalization and integration, privatization and direct foreign investment. In the midst of Iraq's transition towards market economy and to try to apply the trends mentioned above, the Iraqi economy bumped into crisis of tends applications. So it has become the achievement of development objectives necessarily requires a certain policies and procedures, which in turn requires the employment of means to achieve them within range of a specific time and through a scientific approach in the implementation of optimization in allocation of available resources, and this is what can not be automatically achieved. In other words, it is impossible to rely on the market mechanism in optimizing the best use of national resources, it has proven experiences of advanced capitalism itself that the market economy is unable to achieve the optimal allocation of resources without government intervention by means of formats and procedures include long - term economic plans. From this perspective highlights the role of meaningful economic planning as a scientific method is capable of running the economic development process safely, and that serve their goals in society as a whole service, along with the market economy form that makes their relationship become complementary, more precisely, to achieve coexistence between the private and public sector, with a greater role for the public sector. And within the activities of the public sector across the way planning levels is (preparation, implementation and follow - up implementation) many of the problems and obstacles that are crises appear, may be incurred and clarified a way that allows educate track and treatment to upgrade the Iraqi economy. Iraq remains important, like other developing countries is the (search for an economic system that takes advantages of the stylistic planning and the market mechanism, and excludes the negative impacts in line with global economic changes).

سياسات تحرير التجارة الخارجية وانعكاساتها على الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2002 - 2007 == Policies of External Trade Liberation And Iraqi Its Reflections On The Iraqi Economy 2002 - 2007

Author name: باسمة كزار حسن
Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل العوامل المحددة لسياسة الاقتراض العام : مصر حالة دراسية == The Analysis of Limited Factors For Policy of Public Credit , Egypt As Study Case

Author name: باسم محمد تركي العواد
Supervisor name: يسرى مهدي حسن السامرائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The public credits are considered to be one of the most important source of the public - Revenues. In addition, they are considered to be modern tools for making and financing the public service which are brought into surface with the presence of the modern public financial concepts. moreover , they are distributing the financial - Burden among different section of the society. The public - credits ,also, affect the process of distributing the national income since they are recognized to be prominent tools for relating the fiscal - policy with monetary policy.The matter of increasing the public - credits economically , socially and politically is widely justified because of the government interfering in the economic and social fields.This interference leads also, to the increasing of the public payment which are used to save the other public revenues like taxes. This process of financing leads consequently to a deficit in the blanc of payments for a lot of countries that follow such policy. Addihoually, those countries make use of these credits to save the deficits. Therefore , these credits become like an active means to save the revenues which cannot be achieved by the taxes. Besides, the public credits are considered and recognized to be one of the most important means of the fiscal and economic policy to achieve the national intentions This study describes the problem of the public credits by tackling the main elements that affect this kind of policy.Besides, the study makes some application to the public credits policy in Egypt. The changes in Egyptian economics have been determined when the affective elem ents of the internal and external crediting policy are dealt with especially after the application of the reformation policy after 1990. The study is divided into three main chapters. The first are deals with the concept of the public credits.This chapter is divided into two sections.The first one tackles the development of this concept from the traditional thought till the modern one.While, the second section deals with the technical way of systemizing the public credits in the form of conditions and issues.The second chapter analyzes the economic and social elements which determine the main policy of crediting.This chapter is also divided into two sections.The first one deals with the economic elements whiles the second one tackles the political and social elements that determine and form the policy of crediting. The third chapter is dedicated to deal with the elements of crediting in Egypt. It is divided into three sections. The first one deals with the affective elements of the amount of the internal and external public crediting.The second section is dedicated to highlight the economic elements that form the policy of the public crediting in Egypt. The third section tackles the political and social elements that form the public crediting policy.Finally , the last chapter sums up the finding that the study come with

فاعلية السياسة النقدية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة من 1990 - 2005

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد الشمري
Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر السياسة المالية في تحقيق الاستقرار والنمو في العراق للمدة 2010 - 1990

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد
Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان السياسة المالية في فترة الحصار الاقتصادي (1990 - 2003) تعرضت الى فقدان الايراد المالي ذو المصدر النفطي مما دفع الامر الى هيمنة السياسة المالية على السياسة النقدية واتباع سياسة النقد الرخيص (التمويل التضخمي) بهدف تمويل برامج التنمية الاقتصادية التي لم ت | That fiscal policy in the economic blockade (1990 - 2003) came to the loss of financial revenue source with oil, prompting it to the dominance of fiscal policy on monetary policy and pursue a policy of cheap cash inflationary financing to fund economic development programs that have not been fulfilled on the ground, but able to maintain an acceptable level of consumer spending (ration card) and the reason for this trend of economic cycles inflationary strike reflected a lack of economic stability and the occurrence of the so - called inflation stasis in terms of higher general level of prices and the low level of GDP as well as the spread of speculation and parallel markets that fueled waves inflationary to the release cash. As the vision and philosophy of the economic system in Iraq after 2003, which represents the second part of the study (2003 - 2010) were not clearly defined and remains true because of overlapping internal factors was the novelty of the political system and the lack of political decision - makers and economic to understanding and conviction full need shaping a new administration of the Iraqi economy is able to succeed economic development programs, and external factors was determinedly international organizations to implement reforms style shock and contrary to the social reality and the security which reflected negatively on the work and consistency Lisseeash financial balance between stability and growth and raise the level of consumer spending, which caused the entry of the Iraqi economy in courses inflationary sustainable fueled waves of economic instability and low levels of gross non - oil, also entered fiscal policy contradictions basic including reconciling role Stablilty and development on the one hand and the search for stabilizers dynamic wide spectrum of the public budget in the absence of the economic approach is clear and the independence of the monetary authority effecting which negatively impacted the financial and monetary stability, economic and economic development plans.

تحليل العلاقة بين البيئة والتنمية المستدامة مع اشارة خاصة لحالة محافظة اربيل == Analysis of Relationship Between The Environment And Sustainable Development With Spiced Case Study In Erbil Governorate

Author name: ايوب انور حمد سماقةيى
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The relationship between the environment and sustainable development is one of the significant contemporary economic subjects.This thesis aims at showing the relationship between the environment and sustainable development and analyzing it. This thesis points out that relationship between them is very strong and mutual, because the target of the development of the sustainable economy is sustaining the total capital, which includes (human capital, natural capital, social capital and man - mode capital). At the same time, the target of the sustainable environmental development is how to sustain the total capital. Thus, when the economical and environmental policies are more cooperating and united this leads to the real sustainable economy and it has its positive advantages on the environment and economy.Applying the sustainability in Erbil governorate was obstacle with political, ethical, and technology considerations that may be difficult to control, and overcome, which in turn makes it not achievable in a short future term.

الخصخصة بين النظرية والتطبيق في دول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Privatization Between Theor And Practice In Some of Chosen Countries With Reverence To Iraq

Author name: ايناس محمد رشيد المشهداني
Supervisor name: حسن نوري الياسري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

فاعلية سياسة التمويل الزراعي في تحفيز الاستثمار : المبادرة الزراعية في العراق عام 2008 انموذجا == The Effectiveness of Agricultural Financing Policy In Stimulating Investment (In 2008 Model Agricultural Initiative In Iraq)

Author name: اياد كاظم عيدان البولاني
Supervisor name: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد سياسة التمويل الزراعي احد اهم السياسات الزراعية والتي يتم من خلالها تحديد الاجراءات والقواعد الخاصة بالتمويل بعد ان تقوم الحكومة بتوفير رؤوس الاموال اللازمة لتحفيز الاستثمار والنهوض بالقطاع الزراعي وتنميته.نطلقت الدراسة من مشكلة مفادها (( ان عدم التز | The procedures and rules for funding after that the government will provide the necessary capital to stimulate investment and the promotion of the agricultural sector and development, centered research problem through the following (The lack of commitment to agricultural finance some of the bases for the right financing and rules Policy represented by (having hand specialist paint financing policy, the existence of a full credit plan depends accurate statistics for the agricultural sector, setting priorities and realistic targets, provide agricultural finance policy, one of the most important agricultural policies and by which to determine the guarantees...), as well as the lack of compatibility and coordination between them and the economic and agricultural policies It leads to weakening its effectiveness in stimulating agricultural investment and achieve its development goals. that seeks to achieve, has tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between agricultural finance and stimulate investment, but conditional on the availability of rules and conditions for the proper funding the study, the study is aimed at several objectives the most important study of the effectiveness of the financing of the agricultural initiative launched by the Iraqi government, after which the policy in 2008 to stimulate agricultural investment, and that characterized previous funding policies as including not only agricultural loans, but they include the provision of additional funds in the budget to support infrastructure projects to the ministries of agriculture and water resources, and to support activities and projects chock agricultural sector through the Executive Office of the agricultural initiative, the descriptive approach to adopt in the theoretical side, and drop the study on the ground through the analysis and measurement of some economic indicators (local agricultural output, capital formation agricultural hard money, the total area under cultivation, production, productivity and space for crop strategic wheat), and some of the lending and finance indicators, where it was compared to the time that the agricultural initiative worked out a period of study (2008 - 2015) with the previous period of time (1995 - 2007), indicating the impact of disbursements on the agricultural sector on the economic indicators mentioned above. the researcher found to a number of the most important conclusions lack the initiative to plan credit when marque shares and clearly in the disparity in the size of loans and the number of beneficiaries from one province to another and from one year to another, and the funding of the initiative is directly dependent on the general budget, which is completely dependent on oil revenues affected and directly on the annual allocations which saw fluctuation and lower after falling oil prices after 2014, as the initiative has seen weakness in the follow - up and monitoring of loans and coincided with a deterioration of the security situation in some provinces, the study made several recommendations, the most important limitation of agricultural finance policy agricultural cooperative bank after the restructuring, and to link lending to savings, and the trend towards targeted loans that serve the agricultural sector, and activating the monitoring and follow - up of loans granted to a system that granted exclusively for those working in the agricultural sector who own agricultural land after confirmation of their qualifications, including their merit and credit reputations of literary and historical

مشكلة المديونية الخارجية لبلدان عربية مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق للمدة (1985 - 2004) == Problem of External Indebtedness For A Selected Arab Countries With A Reference To Iraq Period 1985 - 2004

Author name: اياد كاظم حسون
Supervisor name: هناء عبد الحسين محيميد الطائي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: It is well known that the subject - matter of external indebtedness has been representing a huge problem for most of Arab countries, including oil producing ones, save Arab gulf Countries.amongst the countries studied here we will focus on Egypt and Algeria who both have experienced unfavourable circumstances and went too far in borrowing to have the highest rank in the list of the indebted Arab countries. And they both still suffer the growing consequences of the problem. As for Iraq, although its indebtedness reached high levels, It is still considered new.The research goes from hypothesis which implies that there are interior and external factors that made the problem grow, tremendously. And these factors are having great influence over some macroeconomic variables in the countries indebted, which resulted in a disability of repayment and a status of having no options to refuse the severe terms of rescheduling.To verify the correctness of the hypothesis the study is trying to 1 - Analyzes the size of the developing countries external debts and to compare it to the external debt of the Arab countries for the period 1985 - 2004.2 - Using path analysis model to measure and analyzes the relationship between the growing burdens of exterior indebtedness and some economic variables3 - To explain the mechanisms that are used to reduce the severity of the problem in the countries studied including Iraq.The study included three major chapters that form the framework and the subjective context for the research requirements.the first chapter was dedicated to the conceptual aspect of the external indebtedness, while the second one devoted to analyze the evolution of the developing and Arab countries indebtedness.The third chapter dedicated to use path analysis style to measure the influence of the problem over some economic variables.Eventually, the study reached at some conclusions.the most important of which con be put as the following, the indebted countries are lacking, A clear strategy to handle their debts. In another word, borrowing is not a sin if the money borrowed are to be directed to productive sectors that may contribute to repayment.as for recommendations, the thesis stresses on the indebted states to constitute an independent institutions assigned To manage loan efficiently.such institutions must be in charge of every thing relates to rescheduling, repayments and to relieve the burden of the problem

العلاقة بين اسعار الصرف والميزان التجاري في ظل المنهج النقدي في دول نامية مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == The Relationship Between Exchange Rate And Balance of Trade In The Monetary Approach In Selected Developing Countries - With Specific Reference To Iraq

Author name: اياد حماد عبد
Supervisor name: ايمان عبد خضير الغريباوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the relationship between the exchange rate and balance of trade is important - especially in the Emergent countries which have commercial flows connected with the current account of balance of trade more than its connection to the capital account because these countries do not have integrated financial and cash markets.The previous studies were characterized by how the exchange rate and currency value are effected by the supply and quantity of money in circulation inside the country and the role of this quantity of cash in determining the local currency value, then the effect of this value of this currency and the balance of trade (exports and imports). Therefore, there should be treatment of the latter which in result, treats the shortage in balance of payments as a whole. This study will gather these two relationships in one relationship throughout making the exchange rate as a following variable , while the money supply and balance of trade are made as an independent variable. The second relationship will make the balance of trade as a following variable, while the money supply and exchange rate are made as independent variable and applying them to the sample countries ( Jordan, Mexico, South of Africa and Iraq). As the study shows the relationship that moves from the exchange rate to the balance of trade or vice versa. The direction will be in two directions at the same time as it determines each one in the light of monetary approach. After that, the theoretical relationship will be applied in these countries for the purpose of measurement.This study reached a group of conclusions and recommendations, some of them are general in the theoretical aspect of the study and the relationship of the exchange rate with the balance of trade in the monetary approach.and the role of this method in determining the exchange rate and the status of the balance of trade method each one alone.As concerns the measurement results, the results have shown up that there is a long - term balance relationship moves from the balance of trade to the exchange rate in the monetary approach in Jordan because it follows up the fixed exchange rate system. As there is a long - term balance relationship that moves from exchange rate to the balance of trade in Mexico and South of Africa because Mexico follows up a general exchange rate , while South of Africa follows up the free exchange rate ( general).As regards Iraq, the results have shown up that there is a long - term balance relationship that moves from exchange rate to the balance of trade in the monetary approach..

اسواق المشتقات ودورها في العولمة المالية

Author name: الهام خزعل ناشور
Supervisor name: شعبان صدام منشد الامارة | مهدي صالح حنوش
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير التضخم المستهدف والناتج المحتمل في السياسة النقدية للعراق == Impact of Inflation And Potential Output In The Monetary Policy In Iraq

Author name: اسراء عبد فرحان
Supervisor name: محمود محمد محمود داغر
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهتم السياسة النقدية اهتماما كبيرا بتحقيق الاستقرار النقدي، من خلال رسم السياسة المؤثرة والمسيطرة على كمية النقود، والهادفة الى تحقيق الاستقرار في المستوى العام للاسعار وتحقيق التشغيل عند المستوى المحتمل للناتج وتحقيق النمو الاقتصادي، وصولا الى ادنى فج | Recent years monetary policy more focused on monetary stability goal , through the drawing influencing policy and controlling the quantity of money and aimed at achieving stability in the general level of prices and achievement of operating when the potential level of output and economic growth, reach the lowest output gap as well as with cross - target cash economy minimization of inflation gap.This study deals with the relationship between inflation and economic growth and estimating product gap of the Iraqi economy duration (1990 - 2014).Iraq's economy is suffering from an approximately complete separation between the monetary sector and the real sector, because of the absence of control mechanism after transmission of monetary policy to the real economy through controlling inflation at its target with a nominal anchor of monetary policy.Monetary policy is working in the Iraqi economy in the absence of the actual use of this potential output in the case that has been estimated, as well as attempting to estimate gap (inflation and output) and analysis of their direction and their impact on monetary policy. The researcher attempt to measure the relationship between the two gap and the nominal anchor.For checking which nominal anchor more accurate we used a model of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Estimate ARDL and test the Bound test to test the joint integration and the relationship of long and short - term between the variables under study, as well as induced response to test the relationship between the variables that measure the impact of the trauma suffered by the internal variable in the VAR model on the current and future values of other internal variables in the model function analysis conclusions reached the ineffectiveness of interest rate anchor nominal monetary policy to target inflation and the output of the Iraqi economy during the period of study, as well as the effectiveness of the exchange rate in effect at the gap (inflation and output).

قياس وتحليل دالة الطلب على الواردات الزراعية في العراق للمدة 1980 - 2010 == Measuring And Analyzing The Demand Function For Agricultural Imports In Iraq For The Period 1980 - 2010

Author name: اسراء سليم كاطع الربحاوي
Supervisor name: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الموضوعات المتعلقة بالتجارة الخارجية مجالا واسعا للمناقشات واهتمام الاقتصاديين وذلك لاسهامها الفاعل في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية في اقتصاديات الدول لاسيما النامية منها. ويشكل جانب الواردات من السلع والخدمات في التجارة الخارجية جزءا مهما للاقتصاد المح | Foreign trade captures the interest of economists for its contribution to the process of economic development, especially in developing countries. In addition, imports of goods and services constitute an important section in foreign trade by which a country gets what local economy cannot produce because of the incompetent base of production. Hence, the measurement and analysis of the demand function of agricultural imports in Iraq gain special significance due to the reliance of the Iraqi economy on foreign trade to secure many agricultural products.In this work, the demand function for agricultural imports in Iraq has been estimated through the technique of auto - regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the bounds test to measure and analyze the co - integration for long and short - run relationships among the demand for agricultural imports, relative prices, GDP, and foreign reserves. In addition, the relationship between the variables has been tested through the technique of impulse response function (IRF), which measures the impact of a shock on an internal variable on the current and future values of the other internal variables in the VAR model.This thesis includes three chapters, each containing several studies, in addition to a preface, the goal of the study, and a literature review. Chapter 1 introduces an economic framework of the theory of demand in two sections, one about the concept of demand and the factors influencing it and the other on international trade and its relationship to demand in different economic systems. Chapter 2 dicusses the reality and evolution of agricultural foreign trade in Iraq for the period 1980 - 2010. Finally, Chapter 3 introduces the econometric analysis for the demand on agricultural imports and their determinants using the ARDL model and the IRF. The statistical analysis has been performed using EViews 8 and Microfit 5.It has been found that the increase of total and agricultural imports for the interval 1980 - 2010, especially after the year 2003. It has also been found that the average compound annual growth of total and agricultural imports for the same interval is positive with an amount of 5.4% for total imports and 3.6% for agricultural imports. The relative importance of food imports has been found to constitute 99% of total agricultural imports, whereas that for the means of production is very small ranging from 4.4% in 1980 to 0.3% in 2010. On the other hand, short - term elasticity shows an increment of 1% in relative prices causes a decrease in the demand on agricultural imports by 24%. In addition, an increase of 1% in GDP and foreign reserve leads to an increase in the demand on agricultural imports by 19.16%. Furthermore, long - term elasticity that a relative price increment of 1% leads to a reduced demand on agricultural imports by 42%. The IRF shows that a change in relative prices of 1% leads to reducing the demand on agricultural imports by 20% in the second year then it increase to reach 36% in the tenth year, while a change in GDP of 1% leads to an increase in the demand on agricultural imports by 3% in the second year then it decreases to 5% in the tenth year. And, a change of 1% in foreign reserve increases the demand on agricultural import by 9% starting from the third year, reaching up to 17% in the tenth year. Accordingly, it is concluded that the relative prices play an important role in determining the demand on agricultural imports.This study recommends the necessity of setting forth agricultural policies to protect and develop the national product through the support of prices and the means of production, and limiting the impact of agricultural imports on national products in terms of quality and price. Furthermore, it is recommended to activate imports - related trade policies such as customs tariff, for the sake of supporting the national product and increasing the contribution of the agricultural sector in the making of the GDP

قياس وتحليل تاثير صدمات السياسة المالية على بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية الكلية في العراق للمدة 1990 - 2014 == Measure And Analyze The Impact of Fiscal Policy Shocks On Some Macroeconomic Variables In Iraq For The Period 1990 - 2014

Author name: اسراء سعيد صالح العبيدي
Supervisor name: محمد صالح سلمان الكبيسي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تؤثر الصدمات الاقتصادية الخارجية بشكل مباشر على المتغيرات المالية في الدول المصدرة للسلع الاساسية الاولية لاسيما الدول النفطية منها، ويرجع ذلك الى وجود ارتباط قوي بين الموازنة العامة والتجارة الخارجية في هذه الدول، فتستجيب السياسة المالية عبر ادواتها الان | External economic shocks directly affect the financial variables in developing countries, especially those related to oil, due to the existence of a strong correlation between the general budget and foreign trade in these countries, fiscal policy responds through public spending and public revenue is a concurrence or counter to the trend of economic shock, and reflected that response macroeconomic variables relevant in unexpected changes can be expressed in fiscal policy shocks.This study, in your hands I have focused on the measurement and analysis of the impact of shocks, fiscal policy on some macro - economic variables in Iraq, came to focus on this aspect of faith researcher believing absolutely that fiscal policy plays a key role in the national economy, In terms of its ability to allocate resources between economic sectors, or through its Impact on the use of resources, and therefore its impact on aggregate demand levels, moreover, its impact on incomes Through government - provided social grants and expenses which increase in frequency during the exposure to economic shocks, if the affected fiscal policy, both on the side of public expenditures and / or the public revenues to external economic shocks will be reflected in all economic sectors, so the study will try to build a standard model for measuring the impact of Fiscal policy shocks in Some of macroeconomic variables.

الائتمان المصرفي بين تحديات المخاطر وسبل المعالجة : دراسة تحليلية للمصارف التجارية الخاصة في العراق

Author name: ازهار حسن علي ابونايلة
Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ن المؤكد ان للائمان المصرفي دورا مهما جدا في دعم عملية التنمية الاقتصادية، بعده وسيط مالي بين المدخرين والمستثمرين، ويعد الدور الكبير للائتمان المصرفي في توجيه النشاط الاقتصادي صوب المشاريع الاستثمارية المهمة ذات الاستغلال الامثل للموارد المتوافرة والد | IT is certain that bank credit has an essential part in supporting the economic development process as a financial intermediary between savers and inverters. Beside the essential role of bank credit in directing the economic activity towards the important investment projects that best make use of available resources and supporting the economic development process, therefore, bank credit represents the economic activity mainstay.Banks are liable to financial and bank risks such as; interest rate risks, exchange rate risks, market risks, rubbery and bankruptcy risks, investment risks, national risks, liquidity risks, inflation risks, globalization risks, and merging risks, In addition to, credit risks. Accordingly, suitable means must be found to overcome these risks. Private Commercial banks in Iraq were allowed to practice their work in 1992 in unnatural conditions such as the embargo, high average of inflation, and changing from of government; so, these banks are liable to many financial and risks besides the influence of general conditions, such as the unstable economic and political condition on these banks.The economic problem of research (bank credit risks and credit problems increase and happen together with the unstable economic and political condition).The study came from a theory has significance (the bank credit process as any financial process is liable to many risks and challenges).The study implies three chapters; each chapter contains three fields of researches, conclusions, and recommendation. The first chapter refers to the bank credit impractical framework. The second chapter refers to bank credit risks between Basel committee decision and bank reform. While the third chapter refers to bank credit analytic study and its risks on private commercial banks in Iraq and their quitted for reform.

دور القطاع الخاص في التطور الاقتصادي لمجموعة من الدول النامية مع اشارة خاصة للتجربة العراقية للمدة من 1970 - 2004 : تحليل وقياس == The Role of The Private Sector In Development of Group of Devloping Countries With Special Reference To Iraqi Experience For The Period 1970 - 2004. Measurement And Analysis

Author name: ازاد احمد سعدون الدوسكي
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studies the role of the private sector in economic development in a number of under - developed countries ,with a special reference to Iraqi experience for the period 1970 - 2004.The purpose of the study is to show the positive role of the private sector in economic development in a number of developed countries specifically after their adoption of their own privatization policies ,and the possibility of adopting the positive aspects of those policies in Iraqi economic development in the future. To achieve this goal we would have follow the comparative economic analysis approach together with some statistical and experimental methods by using regression analysis to estimate the parameters of selected models. The study falls into three chapters.Capter one reviewes the phelosophy and the main ideas of the private sector in theory and practice in Europe, starting from Marcantylian school to the Supply approach school, and the re - adpoption of Privatisation policies at the late seventies of the last century with reference to some international experiences in Privatisation in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Chapter two is devoted to the analysis and measurement of the private sector activities in a number of underdeveloped countries, such as Turky and Egypt. Chapter three deals with the analysis and measurement of the private sector activities in Iraq from 1970 to 2004 by studying some economic indications in Iraqi economy.

تحديد خطط الانتاج الكفوءة لشركة الشهيد العامة في ظل ظروف المخاطرة واللايقين == Determination of Efficient Production'S Plans For Al - Shaheed Public Company Under Risk And Uncertainty

Author name: احمد وهيب حسين محمد
Supervisor name: سعد عبد نجم عبد الله العبدلي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Conventional linear programming models are usually used in determination of optimum production which either maximizing gross margins or minimizing to total costs under definite constraints. The main deficit in such models is their neglecting risk which exit in production process. Hazell at (1971) succeeded to improve the conventional linear programming to linear models take in consideration risk and uncertainty. The new models are based on the assumption, that decision mater could choose between optimum plans on the basis of expected income (E) from each plan and the absolute total deviation (A) ; thus this invented model which includes the above mentioned variables as a measure for risk in any plan is called MOTAD (Minimization of Total Absolute Deviation). By using this model minimum total absolute deviation is obtained , which means that an efficient plan is fulfilled with gross margin (E) and minimum total absolute deviation (A). A linear alternative mathematical programming model introduced by Loren W. tauer at (1981) computationally efficient and generates solutions meeting the second - degree stochastic dominance (SSD) test. MOTAD does not do this. The model is a modification of MOTAD called Target MOTAD. It's two attribute risk and return model. Which generates a subset of feasible SSD ( second degree stochastic dominance) solutions where stochastic dominance techniques are appealing theoretically because they require only function properties ,rather specific forms be specified. The thesis aims to derive the efficient industrial plans for Al - shaheed general company under risk by using MOTAD and target MOTAD as a linear alternatives models for the quadratic programming models. The results showed that there had been a sort of (trade - off) between risk and the expected gross margins. And if the studied company strives to get high gross margin , it should tolerate risk and vice versa. Beside that , target MOTAD appears to be more plausible approach for examining risk - return trade - offs , and in addition it's more consistent with recent economical literature. Finally the contents of this research divided into six chapters : - The first dealt with the foundmental concepts , previous studies and theoretical sides related to the subject of the research. The second chapter involved models that expressed about risk and deal with. The third chapter contains risk efficiency criterions and stochastic dominance analysis. The fourth chapter involved a technical , financial analysis and building the primary model of linear programming for the target company. The fifth chapter an empirical study on data of Al - shaheed company by using MOTAD and target MOTAD. Then conclusions and recommendations had been showed in the sixth chapter. The essential of them were mentioned above. So the management of Al - Shaheed Company to be invited to apply the suitable procedures in the production process , in order to get efficient plans that improves it's performance.

الضرورة والركائز الاساسية للانتقال من الاسلوب المخطط الى الاسلوب التلقائي للنمو : العراق حالة دراسية

Author name: احمد عبد الله سلمان الوائلي
Supervisor name: ميسر قاسم محمد غزال
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اضحت ظاهرة التحول الى اقتصاد السوق مثار جدل كبير على المسرح الاقتصادي العالمي،فقد اتجهت اليها الدول الاشتراكيه السابقة بعد انهيار منظومتها في بداية تسعينات القرن الماضي واتبعت تلك الدول الوصفات المقدمه اليها من المنظمات الداعية للتحول (الصندوق والبنك الدو
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