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التصحر في محافظة الانبار واثره في الاراضي الزراعية

Author name: علي مخلف سبع نهار الصبيحي
Supervisor name: بشير ابراهيم الطيف الدايني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اختلاف كمية الامطار ودوره في تحديد نطاق الزراعة الديمية لزراعة زهرة الشمس ** == Variation quantity of rainfall in Iraq and its role in determination the scope of rainfed - farming for the cultivation of sun flower

Author name: عبد عليش عبد الدليمي
Supervisor name: ندى شاكر جودت الفرطوسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الدواجن انتاجها وتباينها ودورها في الامن الغذائي في العراق

Author name: عدنان عطية محمد علي الفراجي
Supervisor name: عباس فاضل السعدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير المناخ على زراعة وانتاج محصول البرتقال في اليمن

Author name: مجاهد عبد العزيز مبخوت نوفل
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التحليل المكاني لاستعمالات الارض الزراعية في محافظة القادسية == The Spatial Analysis of The Agricultural Land Uses in Al - Qadissiya Governorate

Author name: انتظار ابراهيم حسين
Supervisor name: صلاح ياركة ملك الخميسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:

اثر المناخ في انتاج محاصيل الخضر الصيفية في محافظة القادسية == The Effect of climate on the production Of summer vegetables crops In AL - Qadisiya coverenarate

Author name: وفاء موحان عجيل البديري
Supervisor name: صالح عاتي الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:

الحدود المناخية لزراعة اشجار النخيل والزيتون في العراق == The liminas of a climate are for the agriculture of the date palm trees and the olive is in Iraq

Author name: نسرين عواد عبدون عبد الله
Supervisor name: صالح فليح حسن الهيتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

واقع زراعة القمح والذرة الصفراء في محافظة كركوك : دراسة في الجغرافية الزراعية == Reality of Wheat and Maize Cultivation in the Province of Kirkuk A study in Agriculture Geographical

Author name: مريم صالح شفيق العزاوي
Supervisor name: جميل نجيب عبد الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التغير المكاني لاستعمالات الارض الزراعية في محافظة كركوك بين سنتي 1993 و2003 == Spatial Changing For The Agricultural Land Use In Kirkuk Between The Years 1993and2003

Author name: مراد اسماعيل احمد
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق محمد البطيحي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

العلاقات المكانية لاستعمالات الارض الزراعية بالقوى العاملة الزراعية في محافظة القادسية == The Spatial Relationships of cropland uses with the Agricultural labour force in Al - Qadisiya Governorate

Author name: عمار محمد زكريا
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق محمد البطيحي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استعمالات الارض الزراعية في ولاية سيدي بوزيد التونسية == CHANGING THE USAGE OF PLANTING LAND IN SIDI BOUZD FOR THE PERIOD

Author name: علي بن عمار عمراني
Supervisor name: ندى شاكر جودت الفرطوسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

خرائط الامكانات البيئية لانتاج محاصيل الحبوب في محافظة بابل باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Maps of the Environmental Abilities of the Production of cereal Crops in Babil Governorate by the use of G.I.S.

Author name: علي كريم محمد ابراهيم
Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التمثيل الكارتوكرافي لاستعمالات الارض الزراعية في ناحية واسط == Cartographic Representation for the Agricultural Land Uses in Wasit District

Author name: صباح وهب عبد الله العتابي
Supervisor name: جميل نجيب عبد الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التمثيل الخرائطي لاستعمالات الارض الزراعية في قضاء المحمودية == The Cartographic Representation for Acricultural Land use in AL - Mahmudiya Province

Author name: سماح صباح علوان الخفاجي
Supervisor name: جميل نجيب عبد الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المناطق البيئية الزراعية لمحاصيل حقلية في مشروع ري الجزيرة الشمالي باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية

Author name: سليم ياوز جمال احمد اليعقوبي
Supervisor name: اياد عاشور حمزة الطائي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استعمالات الارض الزراعية في قضاء ابي غريب == Agricultural Land use in Abi - Gharib Province

Author name: خالد اكبر عبد الله
Supervisor name: طه رؤوف شير محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التباين المكاني لسكان الارياف في محافظة ديالى للمدة من (87 - 1997) == THE SPACE DIFFE RENCES OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE COUNTRYSIDE IN DIALA GOVERNORATE (87 - 1997)

Author name: حسن علي نجم الجبوري
Supervisor name: منذر عبد المجيد محمود البدري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تسويق الانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة في جغرافية الزراعة == Marketing of animal production in the province of Thi Qar

Author name: ماجد عبد الله جابر التريجاوي
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يكتسب التسويق الزراعي اهمية كبيرة في الانتاج الزراعي، فلا قيمة للسلعة المنتجة اذا لم تجد طريقها الى المستهلك، وتمثل هذه العملية جزء متمما للعملية الانتاجية، اذ لا تبدا من مغادرة السلعة المنتج، فاكتشاف رغبات المستهلكين والتنبؤ بالاسعار تسبق الانتاج. ونظرا لتلك الاهمية اولى العديد من الباحثين خاصة الاقتصاديين اهتماما في هذا المجال. وعلي الرغم من تلك الاهمية لم تنل هذه العملية اهتمام الجغرافيون وجاءت معظم دراساتهم لها بشكل مختصر دون ان يعطوا لها ما تستحقه في الدراسة. وتمثل هذه الدراسة الثانية في حقل جغرافية الزراعة التي تناولت التسويق الزراعي على مستوى العراق. تناول الفصل الاول العوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في عملية تسويق المنتجات الحيوانية وجاء في مبحثين، الاول منهما خصص للعوامل الطبيعية والثاني للعوامل البشرية والاقتصادية، اضافة للفصل الثاني الذي استعرض التركيب النوعي والتوزيع الجغرافي للانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار حيث قسم التركيب النوعي الى ثلاثة مباحث، الاول منها اختص بحيوانات الماشية بينما كرس الثاني للدواجن والاخير للاسماك المرباة، اما الفصل الثالث فقد كرس لدراسة المنتجات الحيوانية المسوقة في محافظة ذي قار لعام 2015 من خلال ثلاث مباحث خصص المبحث الاول منها لمنتجات حيوانات الماشية المسوقة، في حين اقتصر المبحث الثاني على منتجات الدواجن المسوقة ومثل هذا ما يخص المبحث الثالث الذي تناول كميات الاسماك المسوقة. اما الفصل الرابع فتناول مؤسسات تسويق الانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار وقد قسم الى ثلاث مباحث خصص الاول منها لدراسة مؤسسات تسويق حيوانات الماشية ومنتجاتها بينما تناول الثاني مؤسسات تسويق الدواجن ومنتجاتها، في حين خصص الثالث لدراسة مؤسسات تسويق الثروة السمكية. اما الفصل الخامس فتناول طرائق تسويق الانتاج الحيواني في محافظة ذي قار واشتمل على ثلاثة مباحث خصص الاول منها لطرائق تسويق حيوانات الماشية ومنتجاتها ومثل هذا ما يخص المبحث الثاني الذي تناول طرائق تسويق الدواجن اما الاخير عني بدراسة طرائق تسويق الاسماك المرباة. كشفت الدراسة ان للعوامل البشرية والاقتصادية لها الدور الاكبر في انجاح وتصحيح المسارات التسويقية والتحكم في قيمة العرض والطلب في الاسواق، بينما كان تاثير العوامل الطبيعية محدودا وذلك لمحدودية التباين في تلك العوامل والناتج عن صغر مساحة المحافظة. كما تبين ايضا من هذه الدراسة ان محافظة ذي قار تمتلك ثروة حيوانية قدر عدد حيوانات الماشية منها (731141) راسا توزع على خمسة انواع (الاغنام، الابقار، الماعز، الجاموس، الابل) اي ما يعادل (5%) من مجموع اعداد حيوانات الماشية في العراق والبالغ (14439933) راسا، اما اعداد حقول الدواجن المجازة في المحافظة فقد بلغت (114) حقلا مشكلة نسبة قدرها (2%) من مجموعها الكلي في العراق والبالغ (5577) حقلا، في حين استحوذت على (89) مشروعا لتربية الاسماك اي ما يمثل (3,6%) من مجموع مشاريع تربية الاسماك في العراق والبالغة (2452) مشروعا. اظهرت الدراسة ان محافظة ذي قار سوقت كميات متنوعة من الانتاج الحيواني في عام 2015 شكلت اللحوم الحمراء منها كمية بلغت (6828,1) طن اي ما يعادل (4,3%) من مجموع اللحوم الحمراء المسوقة في العراق والبالغة (157670) طن ، في حين سوقت من الحليب ومشتقاته ما يبلغ (206100,7) طن مشكلة نسبة قدرها (7%) من مجموع ما سوق من هذا المنتج في العراق والبالغ (2926700) طن، اما من حيث الجلود فالمحافظة سوقت كمية قدرها (87683) قطعة اي ما يمثل (3,18%) من مجموع ما سوق في العراق من الجلود والبالغ (2755000) قطعة، بينما سوقت من الصوف والوبر ما يبلغ (590,47) طن اي ما يعادل (7,2%) من مجموع ما تم تسويقه في العراق من هذا المنتج الحيواني والبالغ (8189) طن، في حين سوقت المحافظة (4530,7) طن من دجاج اللحم اي ما يعادل (8,6%) من مجموع ما تم تسويقه في العراق والبالغ (52812) طن، اما من حيث الاسماك المرباة فالمحافظة سوقت كميات منها بلغت (781,9) طن مشكلة نسبة قدرها (7,6%) من مجموع الكمية المسوقة منها في العراق والبالغة (10293) طن. كما اظهرت الدراسة امتلاك المحافظة العديد من المؤسسات التسويقية المختصة بالانتاج الحيواني، حيث لوحظ ان معظم المؤسسات التسويقية تختص بتسويق نوع معين من الانتاج الحيواني مما اعطاها كفاءة عالية بادارة نشاطها التسويقي. اتضح من الدراسة وجود طريقتين رئيستين لتسويق المنتجات الحيوانية في المحافظة (طريقة البيع المباشرة للمستهلكين، طريقة البيع بواسطة الوسطاء) استحوذت الاخيرة منهما على المسالك التسويقية الاكثر، وبذلك فان المنتجات الحيوانية اكثر مرورا للمستهلك النهائي بها من الاولي مما يؤدي الى تراكم الارباح وزيادة الهامش التسويقي. وفي الختام فان هذه الدراسة ليس الا جهدا متواضعا اضعه بيد المختصين متمنيا ان يساهم في تحسين الواقع التسويقي في المحافظة | Agricultural marketing is of great importance in agricultural production. It has no value for the produced product if it does not find its way to the consumer. This process is an integral part of the production process. It does not start when the product just reaches the consumer, but discovering consumers' desires and predicting prices should be ahead of production. According to the importance of this process, many researchers and first of many economists are interested in this field.Despite this importance, this process did not get the attention of geographers and most of their studies came to them in a brief way without giving this study what it really deserve. This is the second study in agriculture represent a geographical field that dealt with agricultural marketing.Any study of any marketing process must start with the production base represented in this study by the qualitative structure and geographical distribution of animal production in Thi Qar province, which is specialized in the first chapter where the qualitative structure is divided into three sections, the first one is specialized in livestock animals while the second is devoted to poultry and the last to fish. In addition to the second chapter, which dealt with animal products marketed in the province of Thi Qar for the year 2015 through three sections; the first is devoted to section of the marketed products of livestock, while the second section is limited to the marketed poultry products and as such the third section which focuses on the amount of the marketed fish. The third chapter is devoted to the study of the marketing institutions of animal production in Thi Qar Governorate. It is divided into three fields, the first of which is devoted to the study of the marketing institutions for livestock and their products, while the second dealt with marketing institutions for poultry and its products. While the third is devoted to the study of fisheries marketing institutions. The fourth chapter deals with the methods of marketing animal production in Thi Qar province. It includs three sections, the first one which is devoted to the methods of marketing livestock and livestock products. This is the second part, which deals with the methods of marketing poultry, while the latter concerned with studying the marketing methods of breached fish. The fifth chapter deals with the factors affecting the marketing of livestock production in Thi Qar governorate.This study shows that Thi Qar Governorate has an animal wealth. The number of livestock is 7311.41 divided into five types (sheep, cows, goats, buffalo, camels), equivalent to 5% of the total number of livestock in Iraq which are about (14439933), the total number of approved poultry farms in the province reached (114) fields with a problem of (2%) of its total in Iraq (5577), while it acquired (89) fish breeding projects, ie (3.6) 6% of the total number of fish breeding projects in Iraq, which are about (2452) projects.The study showed that the province of Thi Qar marketed a variety of animal production in the year 2015, which accounted for red meat quantity of (6828.1) tons, equivalent to (4.3%) of the total red meat marketed in Iraq, amounting to (157670) tons, while (206,100) tons of milk and its derivatives amounted to (206100.7) tons of the problem of (7%) of the total marketed in this product in Iraq, which is (2926700) tons, either in terms of leather, the governorate marketed an amount of 87683 pieces (3,18) (275,000) pieces, while the wool and lint was exported to (590.47) tons of equivalent (7.2%) of the total marketed in Iraq of this product (8,889) tons, while the governorate marketed (4530.7) tons of live meat chicken equivalent to (8.6%) of the total marketed in Iraq (52812) tons, either in terms of breached fish, (781.9) tons, a problem of (7.6%) of the total quantity marketed from Iraq in the amount of (10293) tons.The study also revealed that the governorate owns many marketing foundation specialized in animal production. It is noted that most marketing establishments are specialized in marketing a particular type of animal production which gave them high efficiency in managing their marketing activities.The study finds that there are two main ways of marketing animal products in the governorate (the method of direct selling to consumers, the method of selling by intermediaries), the latter acquired the most marketing channels, and thus the animal products more than the final consumer from the initial, which leads to the accumulation of profits and increase the margin of marketing.The study also revealed that human factors played a major role in the success and correction of marketing paths and control of supply and demand in the markets, while the effect of natural factors was limited due to the limited variation in these factors resulting from the small area of the governorate.In conclusion, this study is only a modest effort put to the specialists, wishing to contribute to improve the marketing reality in the province

التحليل المكاني لزراعة اشجار النخيل في محافظة ميسان == THE SPACIAL ANALYSIS OF DECREASE IN DATE PALM SHOOTS IN MISSAN DISTRICT

Author name: محمد علي جمعة سيد
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: النخيل والتمور من الثروات الوطنية المهمة , فالتمور مادة ذات قيمة غذائية عالية لاحتوائها على السكريات والبروتينات والفيتامينات والمعادن الاخرى , وتعدد استعمالاتها البشرية , لذلك فان مسالة تطوير زراعة النخيل وانتاجه والنهوض به يستلزم تطوير انتاج مرض وغرس اصناف مرغوبة تجاريا , ويتباين زراعة النخيل من مكان لاخر ومن موسم لاخر تبعا لمتغيرات طبيعية وبشرية , ومنها جاءت الدراسة للكشف عن تاثير عملية اخلاف اشجار النخيل. اعتمدت الدراسة على البيانات الرسمية من الدوائر ذات العلاقة , والمقابلات الشخصية , كذلك استقصاء الحقائق من العمل الميداني بالدرجة الاساس الذي شمل توزيع (571) استمارة استبيان في (14) وحدة ادارية تمثل (51%) من مجموع بساتين المحافظة البالغة (1106) بستانا للوقوف على واقع عملية اخلاف اشجار النخيل للنخيل المتقدم بالعمر والهالك خلال المدة (2011 - 2016) والتعرف على طرائق اكثار النخيل في بساتين المحافظة والتي تمثلت بالاكثار بالفسائل والنوى والنسيجي والتي بلغت اهميتها النسبية (95,53 % - 4,12% - 0,35%) على التوالي , كما كشفت الدراسة انخفاض عدد النخيل في الدونم الواحد اذ بلغ (26,8) نخلة بالدونم كما اظهرت ارتفاع اعداد النخيل المتقدم بالعمر اذ بلغ نسبة عدد النخيل الفتي والمتقدم بالعمر (36,02% - 63,98%) لكل منها على التوالي من مجموع نخيل العينة البالغ ( 172077) نخلة كما تبين عدد النخيل الهالك ( 128723) نخلة , كما كشفت عدد الفسائل المغروسة خلال هذه المدة اذ بلغت (13925) نخلة بمختلف الاصناف في جميع الوحدات الادارية , لهذا انخفضت نسبة الاخلاف اذ بلغت (5,83%) كما تبين في الدراسة انخفاض ظاهرة اخلاف اشجار النخيل والتي تقف وراءها مجموعة من العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية كان من اهمها ارتفاع تملح الترب, وكثرة الامراض, والافات التي تصيب النخيل والتمور, وكذلك انخفاض الميل للعمل الزراعي لدى غالبية القوى العاملة الزراعية وقلة خبرة العاملين في بساتين النخيل وارتفاع تكاليف العمليات الزراعية والمستلزمات العمليات الزراعية لبساتين النخيل وكذلك انخفاض كفاءة تسويقيه للتمور, فضلا عن توجه المزارعين نحو الزراعة البينية وقلة الدعم الحكومي لبساتين النخيل. | Palm trees and dates are among the important national resources. Date is considered as a high valuable nourishing material since it has sugar, proteins, vitamins and other minerals. They are being used by humans for various purposes. Thus, the case of developing the implantation and production of palm trees needs for developing the level of growing various species required for commercial purposes. But the implantation of such trees has undergone several variation. These trees have variations from place to place in accordance to human and climatic variations. Accordingly, the current study aims at showing and exposing the effects of the process of replacement of palm trees. The present work depends on official data gotten from the associated institutes and personal interviews, as well as investigating the facts depending on the field - based work that includes the distribution of 571 format questionnaires among 14 administrative units representing 51% out of 1106 orchards in the district, in an attempt to come to terms with the replacement of old and dying palm trees from 201 to 2016 and to recognize the ways of palm trees multiplication in the district represented by shoots and seeds that reach (%.,35, %4.12 - %95.53) respectively. The study also shows a decrease in the number of palm trees per acre which is 26.8 palm trees. In addition, it exposes the increase in the number of old palm trees where the number of young and old palm trees reaches (%63.98 - % 36.02) respectively, out of the total number which is (172077) palm trees. The number of dying palm trees (128723). The study also shows the number of planted shoots during that period is (13925) from various types and from all the administrative units. That’s why there is a low level of replacement which reaches (%5.83). This study shows a decrease in the replacement process which is caused by a number of natural and human factors, among which are the increasing level of salt in soil, diseases, pests that affected trees and date as well a decrease in the efforts of plantation among the majority of farmers and the low level of experience possessed by some farmers, besides the low level of marketing qualification for date and the governmental lower support for the palm trees orchards.

اثر عناصر المناخ في زراعة وانتاج وافات اشجار الرمان في محافظتي بغداد وصلاح الدين == The Effect of Climate Elements in the Cultivation and Production and Pests of Pomegranate Trees In The Provinces of Baghdad and Salahuddin

Author name: شهد سعد محمد علي
Supervisor name: بدر جدوع احمد المعموري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تقع منطقة الدراسة ضمن منطقة السهل الرسوبي ذات الارض المنبسطة، اذ تنحصر بين خطي طول 30 - 42° - - 15 45° شرقا، وبين دائرتي عرض 52 - 32° - - 40 35° شمالا، يحدها من الشمال محافظة كركوك ومن الشمال الغربي محافظة نينوى ومن الشرق محافظة ديالى ومن الغرب محافظة الانبار ومن الجنوب محافظة بابل وواسط وكربلاء.تهدف الدراسة الى بيان المتطلبات المناخية لاشجار الرمان ومقارنتها مع الخصائص المناخية في منطقة الدراسة فضلا عن اظهار العناصر المناخية على زراعة وانتاج الرمان.وتبين من خلال استعراض العناصر المناخية، ان المناخ الملائم لزراعة اشجار الرمان هو الحار الجاف لانه محصول صيفي ويعتمد في زراعته على مياه الري اعتمادا كاملا.ومن خلال دراسة الخصائص المناخية المؤثرة على محصول الرمان تظهر بانها تتفاوت في تاثيرها على المحصول اذ تعد درجة الحرارة والرطوبة من اكثر العناصر المناخية تاثيرا على زراعة المحصول. تبين من دراسة المتطلبات الطبيعية لزراعة وانتاج اشجار الرمان بانه يحتاج الى تربة غرينية جيدة التصريف، كما وتم تطبيق معادلة نجيب خروفة لاستخراج الموازنة المائية المناخية لمحصول الرمان. تبين من خلال تطبيق معادلة الانحدار والارتباط البسيط بيرسون ان الرطوبة ودرجة الحرارة الصغرى هي من اهم العوامل التي تؤثر في انتاجية الرمان في منطقة الدراسة. تبين من خلال التطرق الى الافات التي تصيب الرمان ومنها حشرة المن والحلم وحفار الساق ودودة ثمار الرمان وغيرها من الافات التي تصيب محصول الرمان خلال فترة النمو في منطقة الدراسة، وما يخص انتاجية الرمان فانها ترتفع كلما اتجهنا شمال منطقة الدراسة وذلك لوفرة المناخ الملائم مع وفرة الارض الصالحة للزراعة على عكس جنوب منطقة الدراسة اذ تفتقر الى وجود الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة نتيجة تحولها الى اراضي سكنية. | The study dealt with the effect of climate elements in the cultivation and production of Pomegranate trees in the provinces of Baghdad and Saladin. The study area is located within the region of Sedimentary Plain with flat ground, with a longitude between 42°30 - and 45°15 - East , and a latitude between 52° 32 - and 35° 40 - North, bordered to the north by Kirkuk , to the north - west by Nineveh, to the east by Diyala, to the west by Anbar, and to the south by Babil, Wasit and Karbala provinces.The aim of the study is to describe the climatic requirements of pomegranate trees and compare them with climatic characteristics in the study area as well as to show the climatic elements of pomegranate cultivation and production.A review of climatic elements showed that the suitable climate for pomegranate cultivation is dry hot because it is a summer crop and depends on irrigation for irrigation.A study of the climatic characteristics affecting the pomegranate crop shows that it has a difference in its effect on the crop as the temperature and humidity of the most climatic elements affect the cultivation of the crop.The study of the natural requirements for the cultivation and production of pomegranate trees has shown that it requires fertile green soil, and the Najib Kharuba equation has been applied to extract the water balance of the pomegranate crop.By applying the regression equation and simple correlation Pearson showed that the humidity and the minimum temperature are the most important factors affecting the productivity of pomegranates in the study area.Pomegranate pests, pests, pomegranate, pomegranate and other pomegranate pests during the period of growth in the study area. The pomegranate yield increases as we move north of the study area in order to provide an adequate climate with abundant land. As opposed to the southern part of the study area, as it lacks arable land as a result of its transformation into residential land

الاستعمالات الزراعية لشواطئ نهر دجلة في محافظة واسط == THE AGRICULTURAL USES OF THE BEACHES OF TIGRIS RIVER IN WASIT GOVERNORATE

Author name: هدى عبد الحسين كريم الشمري
Supervisor name: شاكر مسير لفتة الزاملي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: The study aims at showing the agricultural uses in the banks of Tigris river in Wasit Governorate for the duration ( - ), the area with ( . ) Km , it is a variety distribution area on nine administrative units, and they are astronomically determined between two latitudes ( - ) North, and between the two longitudes ( - ) East. In order to know the agricultural activity in the study area in its two types : plant and animals, the study depended the corps' structures and in order to illustrate these uses, I relied on fielding study : (questionnaire form and personal interviews); because of the lack of forma data that covers the subject of study, the matter which helped counting the planting area and the quantity of products for all the corps according to the fielding location, the study area which planted with different corps is ( Donam), and it is distributed in ( , , , ) donam for each corp of grain and vegetables and fruitful trees and fodder corps sequentially, the entire quantities of products for these corps is ( ton/ yearly), and its distribution is ( , . , . , . ton/ yearly) sequentially; it is varied with big production and good quality and it the rival of the imported including a corp that never been planted before in Iraq in Mesopotamian plain which is the strawberry, and most of the vegetables are planted in two periods : autumn and summer in Home Planting.The natural factors contribute in varying these uses in which the soil plays a great role in increasing the products whether in their types or their quality, they are classified good according to their ability and their suitability for agricultural products. They do not suffer from the problems of salinity, wetness and with good natural drainage system because of its close to the Tigris River and its significance in irrigation beside the good climate circumstances for good agricultural products and its role in showing the banks with good and unique features. The human factors effect positively and passively on varying the locative relations for the agricultural uses in the study area.The animal wealth had a large share in these uses, it was obvious that raising cows, buffalos and sheep on wide range whereas the goats were least according to the farmers' wishes in their raise in the banks. There are alsoother uses for which the banks were their best place to adopt them because of the nature of these uses from the necessity of becoming very close to the river such as the commercial, industrial, agricultural and services uses beside other independent and overlapping uses with another in the area between residential, commercial, educational, religious and entertainment uses, they occupy ( donam) from the total banks area with an average ( . ٪).To determine which natural and human factors, and other uses in the study area are more effective in the different types of agricultural products by using the technology of multiple falling Persson Join Factor, it was obvious that there was an increased relation that gathers between the agricultural products, its type and the owing agricultural size and the rural density, agricultural and silt soil. There is also a reflective relation between the agricultural product and the salinity of the soil with other uses in the study area.

اثر الجفاف في زراعة بعض المحاصيل الحقلية في محافظة ميسان == Effect of drought on field crops cultivation in Maysan province

Author name: ضياء سعيد عودة القريشي
Supervisor name: ناصر والي فريح الركابي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Wasit
First pages:
Abstract: This study aims to detecting the effectives of drought phenomenon upon agriculture of wheat and barley crops in addition to maize as a summer crop . Drought is considered as the largest natural hazard that exposed in the study area as environmental system malfunction .These effectives of drought was measured by use (standardized precipitation indictor) which symbolize by (SPI). These method was develop by the scientist (Mckee) in addition to ( Covda indictor ).The researcher selected four climate stations covered all of study area ,to monitoring and characterized of above phenomenon for 44 years ago.The study reached to the analysis of the reality drought done in tow sections : the first section represent the analysis of the manual rate of drought and humidity .the second section represents with quarterly analysis to the drought in two seasons winter and autumn firstly and depending on standardized precipitation indictor (SPI) secondly.Also this study reached to the effects of recurrence years of drought and rainy upon wiggle of crops areas which mentioned in this study and lack of its production.Then the researcher selected two years from period of study one of them was drought and anther was rainy after that the researcher searched the impact of drought on wiggle of the level Tigris river in the study area depending on two hydrologic stations the first lies at the north of study area (Ali Elgherbi station) and the second is in south of study area ( South of Alamara station ).The study reached to the impact of drought upon fluctuation of the amount of water revenue ,by observing the drought years which was characterized as decrease in the amount of water. As well as the fluctuation of the level of the water in Tigris river during these years as a result of impact lack amount of production of study crops .while rainy years have altitude level of the water in Tigris river this altitude participated in increasing production of study crops.The statistical analysis is done by using Minitab (.14) program to prove the statistical relation between the independent variable (drought values of standard rain indictor and Covda indicator comparison with total evaporation and minimum and maximum temperature with two adopted variables of cultivated area and production of the crops .The statistical methods including simple correlation and the Pearson correlation coefficient in addition to using of (T - test) values.

الانتاج الزراعي في قضاء الحويجة == Agricultural Production In Hawija District

Author name: خالد صطم عطية خلف الجبوري
Supervisor name: مخلف شلال مرعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Hawija district lies which undulating terrain. It is run administratively by Kirkuk city. It's total area is about (2430.51) km2, (29%) of Kirkuk to be exact. The planted area is about (737979.84) Donam. That is about (76.0%) of the village's area. It contains (72) territories.The geological formations age return to several ages ago. Especially the Myosin age and the Pleistocene age. These formations are less affected by flexure movements. River sediments covers most of the region's surface. It consists of alluvium, sand, stone, calcareous stone, gypsum and salt. Open spaces belong to the Faris formation and Injana.The region's surface is mostly plain surrounded by Kirkuk's hill height from the east. From the west, it is surrounded by Himreen hill series which is a concaves which fill by covered by sediments like Lower Zab valley, which extends across the northern east of the region to the south west where it meets the village of Tigris river in addition to some seasonal recurrent valleys which rely on rain in winter, the valley of Fadha, Hawija drainages project like Zighetoon valley and Sahil valley.The plaint nature of the region, alongside the gradual stretching of the region play a vital role successfully irrigation projects in the area.The climate is a n important factor in the agricultural production. The region is known for the clarity of summer and winter seasons. In summer, the climate gets warm and rain ceases unlike winter where the climate is just the opposite of summer's climate, rainy and degrees sometimes lower than zero centigrade.The soil in the area are varied according to the factors that help forming it. There is a red soil, brown calcic soil, mid - thicken red soil, calcic soil and furrow soil. These soils vary in thickness and depth.Running across the study area are two rivers, Dijla river and Al - Zab river. The study area also contains irrigation projects which include Al - Hawija irrigation project that supplies (131000) Donam. with water, and Kirkuk irrigation project that supplies a large are of (63936) Donam. The study area also contains many superficially and artecian wells that irrigates (21960) Donam.Natural vegetation inhabits the region as well as some man - made forests that was planted by the government to get the benefit out of its trees. But there is a noticeable decline in the density of the natural and man - made forests due to poor utilization of the agricultural resources.There is a clear variation in the number of the workers in villages or across regions that require bringing workers from neighboring territories. Also, machines are not equally distributed among territories. Al - Hawija territory has (5372) trailers, (249) harvesters, (465) water suppliers and (4314) water pumping machines.For money funds, territories that take governmental loans are only (25%) in number. While most of the farmers fund the planting process from their own money.Land properties are distributed : By distribution contracts (65%). The rest are scattered as (30%) registered lands, (4.7%) by real estate, and around (73%) that property is about (50) Donam. or more.Irrigation processes are many and different. Lands that are irrigated by making flow of water are about (219346) Donam., and by (courtesy) (222934) Donam, lands that rely on rain are about (385020) Donam.Fertilizers used are of two kinds, biological fertilizers which comes from animals' faeces , and chemical fertilizers especially dab and urine, which is provided by agricultural offices and local markets. The amount of fertilizers' usage varies.Crops and animal resources are exposed to different and many diseases like, for instance, wheat charring, in addition to fungous diseases that infect vegetables. As for diseases that infect animals, it include diseases like anthrax, induced abortion, plague, chicken typhoid, bloody diarrhea and Egyptian bronchitis. These diseases infect cows, sheep, goats, buffalos and chicken.Different transportation methods exist in Al - Hawija territory but it is not enough for the territory's needs. Moreover, the badness of the roads due to aging and scarcity of maintenance affected marketing, as well as the deficiency of marketing centers in the territory. The marketing centers that exist are non - working and because of that, farmers are forced to market their crops to the nearest cities.In order to uncover the features of agricultural production on the cadastral units (territories), the study has depended on average relation, standard deviation and correlation coefficient by determining the relationships between variables or factors on territories level, or within a single territory, and on the similarity in the correlation degree between variables.The basic components method (elemental analysis) has been used to measure the characteristics of agricultural investments in the province through factor division matrix. Results show that there are three kinds of agricultural factors (components) that had lost more than (78%) from the total variation of the variables used in the study. These factors (components) are : 1 - First factor (component) : we could call it (intensive agricultural system). It explained (24.78%) of the phenomena under study. This system included (7) territories. There territories represented (33.33%) of the total territories.2 - Second factor (component) : This system explained (13.98%) of the phenomena under study. This system could be named (mixed agricultural system). In this system, it is possible to plant crops heavily and breed different types of animals. (4) territories that represented (19%) of total territories has been included.3 - Third factor (component) : explained (9.66%) of the studied phenomena. It included (3) territories representing (14.3%) of total territories.

نموذج جغرافي بالمنطق المضبب للغطاء النباتي لمنطقة جبل سنجار

Author name: سحر سعيد قاسم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Mosul

تحليل جغرافي للامكانات الزراعية في محافظة الكرك / الاردن : دراسة في جغرافية الزراعة

Author name: سلامة محمد الطراونة
Supervisor name: عبد الاله رزوقي كربل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Agricultural Geography
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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