Author name:
احمد وليد ذياب النصار
Supervisor name:
محمد جاسم محمد شلال
Abstract:
Summary Human Parvovirus B19 is an icosahedral-shaped virus that measures 18– 26 nm in size and has a single-stranded DNA genome. This virus causes medical conditions such as contagious dermatitis, arthropathy, fetal hydrops, and transient aplastic crises that can be spread via contaminated blood and blood products transfusions, respiratory droplets, organ transplantation, and vertical transmission from mother to fetus. The present study aims to detect the B19 virus by molecular and serological methods in patients with cancer, thalassemia, and viral hepatitis and study the relationship of parvovirus B19 with demographic parameters such as sex, age groups, and residency among the targeted groups of patients. This study targeted three distinct categories of individuals: those with each form of cancer, those with beta thalassemia major, and those with viral hepatitis. The study involved a total of 210 participants, comprising 60 patients with cancer (30 males and 30 females), 60 patients with beta thalassemia major (30 males and 30 females), and 60 patients with viral hepatitis (30 males and 30 females). Additionally, a control group of 30 individuals (15 males and 15 females) was included in the study. In the current study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used for the detection of human parvovirus antigen. 16 (8.8 %) were positive, 164 (91.1 %) were negative, and all controls were negative (0.0 %). The study revealed that human parvovirus B19 infection was observed in 5.0 % of patients with cancer, 11.7 % of patients with beta thalassemia major, and 10 % of patients with viral hepatitis. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of the virus among patients with different types of diseases (p > 0.05). III In the hematological parameters between human parvovirus positive and negative cases in all enrolled patients, there was no significant difference in any of the parameters (p > 0.05). Of all the 180 patients with cancer, beta thalassemia major, and viral hepatitis who were tested by PCR for human parvovirus B19 DNA, 6 (3.3%) were positive and 174 (96.7%) were negative. The p- value showed no significant difference (0.597). Where 3 (5.0%) were positive in the cancer group, 1 (1.7%) in the beta thalassemia major group, and 2 (3.3%) in the viral hepatitis group. PCR analysis showed that none of the control group were positive, and no significant difference was observed (p > 0.05). Six viral DNA products or samples were sent to determine the sequence of the isolated viruses, and the sequence of six isolates was successfully determined, and the sequences were deposited in the GenBank according to the accession numbers: LC752262, LC752263, LC752264, LC752265, LC752266, and LC752267. Based on the results, the most common types of cancer cases detected positively with human parvovirus B19 were chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), breast cancer, and laryngeal cancer when using an ELISA test for B19 virus antigen. However, when using PCR, both non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were also found to be positive, in addition to laryngeal cancer. A significant difference was observed in the infection rate of human parvovirus infection in patients with beta thalassemia major between rural and urban areas, with higher rates in rural areas.
