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تاثير داء السكري وعقار البنتوستام على تطور الاصابة بداء اللشمانيا الاحشائية في ذكور الفئران المختبرية == The Impact of diabetes and Pentostam on development the infected Leishmania donovani parasite in male laboratory mice

Author name: افراح علي عبد الامير العزاوي
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study included evaluation of the role of diabetes and Sodium Stibogluconate drug (Pentostam) against infection leishmaniasis parasite in laboratory animals experimentally infected with the parasite, Where we used in this study male white laboratory rats of the strain Mus musculus Balb /c. Aggregates were divided randomly into eight major groups of eight mice, The first group were injected with saline solution at a dosage of 0.2 ml, the group was considered as a negative control, The second group were injected with parasite (1.2 × 10 6 parasites / 0.2 ml) at a dosage of 0.2 ml, The third group was injected with the parasite and alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml, while the fourth group were injected only with alloxan, While the fifth group were injected with a Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, as well as the sixth group were injected with leishmania parasite at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg while the seventh group were injected with the parasite and alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Pentostam drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg while the eighth group injected with alloxan at a dosage of 0.2 ml and Sodium Stibogluconate drug at a dosage of 20 mg/kg, Where it was dissected first four groups a period of 45 days while the other groups were dissected after 75 days with recorded weights of the body before and after the experiment. Also studied the histological pathological changes and taking weights for each of the liver and spleen, blood samples were taken for the purpose of knowing the effect of which occurred in the blood parameters and the level of glucose in the blood. The results of the statistical analysis of the current study showed in the second set significantly higher (P≤0.05) total weight of the body and the weight of the liver spleen, White blood cells lymph and acidophilus, while there was a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells, neutrophils and red blood cells there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) inthe blood glucose concentration compared with the first group. The fourth group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total body weight and red blood corpuscles with (P≤0.05) blood glucose level and neutrophil cells, the groups treated with the drug showed the sixth and seventh group height body weight and white blood cells and lymphocytes and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) red blood cells, neutrophils and acidity. There was no significant difference (P≤0.05) in the concentration of glucose in seventh group. The eighth group showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the total number of white and red blood cells and significant increase (P≤0.05) in lymphocytes and acid, while there was no significant difference (P≤0.05) concentration of blood glucose. The fifth group showed the treatment of the drug loss in the radiology of hepatic cells and degeneration of clear and congestion in the central vein with the infiltration of inflammatory cells within the hepatic tissue, and showed a clear exhaustion in the white pulp and the proliferation of red pulp.we observed in the histological sections of the present study in the sixth group infected with parasite and treated with pentostam, a significant improvement of the liver tissue. The spleen showed a simple propagation of the white heart. The seventh group is experimentally infected with leishmania and the alloxan The development of diabetes and the treatment of pentostam is spread with Kupffer cells and expansion in the blood sinusoids with changes in the spleen. White and the group of nematodes around it with breeding in the red pulp as in the fifth group.

دراسة انتشار ذبابتي الرمل paptasi Phlebotomus و(Diptera : psychodidae) p.sergenti ودورهما في نقل مرض اللشمانيا في محافظة ميسان == Study the Prevalence of sand fly Phlebotomus p.sergenti (Diptera : psychodidae) paptasi and and its role in the spread of Leishmaniasis in Maysan province

Author name: عبد الحسين شلويط زغير
Supervisor name: صادق صاحب علي | بسعاد عقرب العبودي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: during field studies have been done in order to know the spread of sand flies in Maysan province during the beginning of October /2015 until the end of September 2016 through the collecting of samples from five areas that geographically different which included the areas of AL - majer AL - kabber, AL - uzair, AL - musharah , kumait and Mugharbah in the middle of the center of province .1263 insect have been collected by two types of traps light insect traps and manual insect traps. These insects included two species : papatasi and sergenti which belong to the same genus ( phlebotomus ) the number of the first species insects was more than of the second species. The number of the first species reached 85.90% while the number of the second species was 14.04% . The inset had been classified in transmitted diseases center in BaghdadThe insects have been found in the whole areas of the studying except the species sergenti which has been not found in the area of AL - majer AL - kabber . There are two peak spread times of these insects : The first is through out October and the second is the through out may . Concerning the relationship between the spread of these insects and the occurrence of Leishmaniasis positivewhere the infestation by this disease began on September November and December and the peak spread is recorded on January on the country of the inset occurrence where it begins at spring and the beginning of autumn . The spread of these insects was in flounced by the environmental factors such as temperatures and humidity . The flagellated promastigotes of leishmania parasite were not found during the anatomy of a lot of insects.Four chemical insecticides were used to control these insects where the effect of the insecticides (snake) was the strongest for killing these insects.515 infection of Leishamaniasis has been recorded in Maysan province at proportion of 506 cutaneous infestation and 9 visceral infection respectively .The rate of skin infestation was high in age groups between (1 - 10 ) year in comparison with another age groups.Concerning the types of ulcer ,the dry ulcer were dominant and the number of dry ulcers was 873 while wet ulcers were 100 concerning the diameter of the ulcer the higher infections occurred at diameter of 1 Cm which reached 873 infection . The number of patients infected by one ulcer was the highest which reached 301 infestation.The number of dry infestation in the cities was higher than in rural areas on the contrary of wet infestation . concerning the distribution of skin infestation on the body areas the higher ratio of infestation occurred in higher and lower extremities which reached 344 at proportion of 68.57%.The infestation of skin Leishmaniasis has been concentrated in the center of province which reached 334 at proportion of 66.07%.Concerning the months of the year , the majority of skin leishmaniasis was on January which reached 137 at ratio of 27.66%most of visceral leishmaniasis occurred in the patients of blood group type O proportion of 33.33% .The infection of visceral Leishmaniasis in males was higher than of females and the highest than and the highest infection of visceral Leishmaniasis was in age groups between (1 - 3) years and also the number of visceral Leishmaniasis infestation was the highest on January . Kumait areas is characterized by the presence of the highest visceral Leishmaniasis infestation.

دراسة تجريبية وجزيئية للبكتريا المصاحبة لحالات الحروق في محافظة ميسان == Experimental and Molecular Study of the Bacteria associated with burns in Maysan Governorate

Author name: حسين علي دنانه البهادلي
Supervisor name: رحمن لعيبي جلاب | حيدر خميس شنان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Burn injuries are considered as health problems that may sometimes lead to rapid death. Bacteria are considered as the most important causes of microbial infection associated with burns. In present study, 75 clinical samples were collection from patients with burns for the period from October 2015 to June 2016 from the lobby burns in Sadr Teaching Hospital in the Maysan Governorate, these burn swabs revealed 56 bacterial isolates, 41 (73.21%) were Gram - negative bacterial, distributed of (35.71%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (28.57%) Klebsella Pneuomonia, (3.57%) Escherichia coli ,Enterobacter (5.35%). On the other hand 6(10.71%)were Gram - positive bacterial. out of 75 burned swabs, 84% revealed a single pathogens and 16% shown a mixed bacteria. On the other hand, Antimicrobial susceptibility for the bacterial burn isolates revealed that P. aeruginosa was resistant to routine tested antibiotics, like Amoxicillin, Gentamycin and Tobramycin in 100%, While was resistance to Ciprofloxacin 85%, while most P. aeruginosa was sensitive to Ceftizmiden in 50%. Results also showed that Staph. aureus was resistant to Gentamycin, Tobramycin, and Levofloxacin in 50% respectively.Depending on the rate of injury burns microbial and resistance to antibiotics used, p.aeruginosa and Staph.aureus isolated from the burnswere chosen and study their role in the events of infection, experimental burns, and for this purpose has been the use Albino mouse male as a model for a pilot study for pathogenesis and progress associated with the infection of the disease bacterial burns. (33) male mice were divided into tow groups, the first group(24) mice were burned (deep dermal second degree) and infection by 0.2X108 cfu kg of elected isolates, the route of infection was subcutaneously and scratching within burned area. In the second group six were infected without burn, which was considered as positive control, while in the thirdgroup three mice were burned and injected by 0.2ml of normal saline and consider as negative control .the first group was subdivided into two subgroups (12) mices for each burn dominant pathogens, then divided into subgroups each of six mices and following up (3,7, days intervals post infection process). P.aeruginosa burned mice group, shown skin infection more progressive and more severity in comporning with group infected by Staph. aureus, In addition, they were significant increases in the body temperature of all infection burned mice group(p.value)compared with those pre - infection process. Reisolation of bacteria from infection mice organs revealed, that high percentages in experimental p.aeruginosa burned model comparison with Staph. aureus.Diagnosed bacterial isolates by API 20and Vitek compact system, in addition to molecular diagnostics using PCR technique for the detection of 16S rRNA gene, All isolates showed a positive result of this gene. The amplified 16S rRNA gene seguence was compared with the seguence in NCBI seguence database.the bacterial strain identified as P.aeruginosa EPSI. This study reflects the usefulness of sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in identifying bacteria and determining bacterial diversity. Various techniques that are based on utilizing the 16S rRNA gene are discussed. Of critical importance is the use of massively parallel sequencing to study bacterial diversity. Through massively parallel sequencing which is replacing traditional methods of bacterial identification; various bacterial habitats are surveyed to compile their species compositions.

عزل وتشخيص البكتريا المرضية مع ايلاء اهتمام خاص للبكترياStaphylococcus auerus المرافقة ل Cutaneous Leishmaniasis في محافظة ذي قار == Isolation and Identification Pathogenic Bacteri with Special Regard to Staphylococcus auerus Associate with Cutaneous leishmaniasis at Thi - Qar Province

Author name: رضاء الله مرتضى الاعظمي
Supervisor name: قاسم حسن وداعة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The present study is designed to isolated and identification the pathogenic bacteria associated with Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by single or numerous ulcerations. This was study performed in Iraqi in Shatra general hospital and Al - hussein teaching hospital in Thi - Qar province 2016 - 2017.Total of 370 samples of suspected patients were taken and after examining them using geimsa stain , the positive were 186 males and 126 females then sterilize the area surrounding for ulcer , all samples were taken to (swab transport media) ,culture to MacConkey agar and blood agar after 24 hr of incubation at 37C ,after diagnosed by biochemical testing then species determined by API system. The positive results on culture media 92/312 , males 62 (67.4%) , female 30 (32.6 %).The total bacteria isolated from the lesions were in males and female staph auerus 52 cases (56.5%), Escherichia coli 8 cases(8.6%) , Bacillus cereus 6 cases(6.5%) , Pseudomonas. aeruginesa 5 cases (5.4% ), Strep. Pyogenes 6 cases(6.5%) ,Strepto.agalactiae 3 cases(3.3%).While other that isolated in males only and did not appear in females were aerobic bacteria ,Listeria moncytogenes 3 cases(3.4%) , Actinobacteria .spp 2 cases(2.2%) ,Klebsiella. Pneumonia 2 cases (2.2%) , Rodococcus .equi 1 cases (1.1%) , and anaeroberia bacteria ,Peptococcus niger 2 cases (2.2%) ,Peptostreptococcus .spp 2 cases (2.2%) .Then find bacteria that more presence more with cutaneous Leishmaniasis ,were it was staph. aureus therefore it were objected study antibiotic resistant .The present study demonstrates that Staph. aureus XIV isolates were resistant to methicillin 50 (96.15%), penicillin 48 (92.30%) , Clindamycin 37 (71.15%), ciprofloxacin 30 (57.69%) , Gentamicin 30 (57.69%),Amoxicalave 29 (55.76%), Azithromycin 25 (48.07%) , Amoxicillin 22 (42.30%), Tetracycline 21 (40.38%), Rifampin 10 (19.23%) and Vancomycin all staph .auerus are sensitive to Vancomycin The all 52 Staph. aureus isolates were further examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of (16SrRNA ,mecA and PVI gene ). 16SrRNA gene which were responsible for diagnosis ,where all isolates were positive to was 52\52 (100%) , mecA gene which were responsible for methicillin resistance this was detected in 52\52 (100%) . of Staph. aureus isolates and a part of virulence factors PVL gene was detected in 46/52(88.46%) of Staph. aureus isolates which are responsible to kill the leukocytes of human and other animals.

التوصيف المظهري والجزيئي للانواع البكتيرية المصاحبة لحالات الحروق في محافظة ذي قار == Phenotypic and Genotypic Charactrization of Bacterial species Assocuated with burn infections in ThiQar province

Author name: عبير هادي فرهود الحبيب
Supervisor name: رحمن لعيبي جلاب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تشخيص الانواع البكتيرية المصاحبة لحالات الحروق والكشف الجزيئي عن الموروثه 16SrRNA في الانواع البكتيرية المشخصة واستخدام تقنية DNA Sequencing . تناولت الدراسة الحالية فحص ومعاينة 107 مريضا تم اختيارهم بشكل عشوائي (ذكور واناث) تراوحت اعمارهم بين 1 - 45 سنة من الراقدين في مستشفى الحسين التعليمي للمدة من حزيران - 2015 تشرين الاول 2016 اذ اجري الفحص السريري من قبل الطبيب المختص وتشخيص الاصابة على انها حالة حروق مرضية ناتجة عن اسباب مختلفة. جمعت 107 عينة مسحات قطنية Cotton swabs وزرعت على وسط اكار المكونكي ((MacConkey agar واكار الدم ((Blood agar والاكار المغذي ((Nutrient agar. شخصت العزلات عن طريق الاختبارات المظهرية والبايوكيمائية وعامل التشخيص API20E ونظام الفايتك ( (Vitek 2compactفضلا عن التشخيص الجزيئي باستخدام جين.16S rRNA واظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود 117 عزلة بكتيرية تفوقت فيها العزلات السالبة لصبغة كرام ((Gram negative بنسبة 93.16% على العزلات الموجبة لصبغة كرام (Gram positive)بنسبة 6,83 وكانت نسب توزيع العزلات البكتيرية المشخصة Pseudomonas aeroginosa 32.47% , Klabseilla pneumonia 21.36% واقل نسبــة عزل كانـت لبكتريا Staphylococcus epidermidis بنسبة عزل 1.7% , في حين كانت نسب العزلات البكتيرية التالية Acinetobacter baumannii , Escherishia coli , . Enterobacter claocae ,Staphylococcus aureus , Burkholderia cepacia, Pruteus mirabillis, , Pantoea agglomerans بنسبة عزل. 12.36% , 11.1% , 5.12% , % 5.12 , 3.41% , 2.56 على التوالي.تناولت الدراسة الحالية بعض الجوانب الوبائية للحالات المصابة التي شملت معلومات عن المرضى المصابين بالحروق التي تضمنت الجنس , العمر , موقع السكن ونوع الحرق. وبينت النتائج ان عدد الحالات المشخصة كاصابات حروق للذكور كانت بنسبة 42.9% بينما كانت نسبة اصابة الاناث 57.%, تم تقسم المرضى الى عدد من المجاميع حسب الفئات العمرية. اعلى نسبة اصابة كانت في الفئة العمرية 9 - 1سنة بنسبة 54.2% وهي الفئة الخاصة بالاطفال تليها الفئة العمرية erishi29 - 20 بنسبة 20.56% واقل نسبة اصابة كانت في الفئة العمرية 49 - 40 بنسبة 4.67% وكانت نسب الفئات العمرية الاتية 19 - 10 , 39 - 30 بنسبة 11.21 , 9.34 على التوالي. اشارت النتائج الى ان حالات الاصابات المشخصة توزعت بنسب متفاوتة فيما يتعلق بنوع الحرق اذ كانت اعلى نسبة اصابة بالحروق بواسطة الماء المغلي Boiled water 38% تليها اصابة الحرق بواسطة لهيب الغاز Fire by gas flame بنسبة 28.9% واقل نسبة اصابة كانت لحروق الصدمة الكهربائية بنسبة 4.67%.اما فيما يتعلق بطبيعة ومكان السكن فقد اظهرت الدراسة ان اعلى نسبة اصابة كانت بين الافراد الذين يسكنون المناطق الريفية بنسبة 84.1% في حين كانت اصابات المركز بنسبة 15.88% . وجدت الدراسة الحالية ان نسبة الاصابة بالحوادث غير المقصودة كانت 86.9% في حين كانت الاصابات المقصودة 13% , لوحظ في الدراسة الحالية ان اعلى الاصابات بالحروق كانت تحدث في فصل الشتاء بنسبة 75.7% مقارنة باصابات الحروق في فصل الصيف 24.29% .اما بالنسبة الى اختبار فحص الحساسية فقد بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان اكثر المضادات الحيوية فعالية ضد كل من البكتريا السالبة لصبغة كرامBacteria Gram negative والموجبة لصبغة كرام Gram positive هي Ceftazidin , Ciprofloxacin,Amicacin .واظهرت الدراسة ان اكثر العزلات مقاومة هي بكتريا P.aeruginosa التي اظهرت مقاومة لكل المضادات الحيوية بنسب متفاوتة. اكدت نتائج الدراسة الجزيئية لتضخيم جين 16SrRNA ان كل العزلات اعطت نتيجة موجبة لهذا الجين وان حجم الجين لكل الانواع البكتيرية كان 1500pb كذلك اكدت النتائج ان الحصول على500Pb من DNA Sequencing للجين 16SrRNA كافية لتشخيص الانواع البكتيرية كلا على حدة . ايضا تم مقارنة جميــــع نتائج DNA Sequencing للانواع البكتيرية (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherishi coli, Enterobacter cloaca , Proteus mirabillis, , Klebsiella pneumonia Staphylococcus.heamolyticus ,) التي اكدت تشابه نسب تتابع القواعد النيتروجينية مع نسب القواعد النيتروجينية المخزونة في البنك الجيني باستخدام برنامج MEGA6 Moleculas Evolutionary Genetics Analysis)) اكدت نتائج الدراسة الحالية على وجود 21 سلاله جديدة قيد التسجيل واعطيت الرمز TQU1 الى TQU12. | The present study addressed the examination and preview the 107 patients. who were randomly selected (males and females) and who ranged in age from 1 - 45 years old and have fallen asleep at the Hussein Teaching Hospital of the, period from Jon 2015 to November 2016. where he conducted clinical examination by a specialist doctor and diagnosed as a case of burns satisfactory result for different reasons. specimens were cultured on appropriated culture MacConkey agar, Blood agar and Nutrient agar, diagnosed isolates by phenotypic tests, Biochemical test, diagnosis factor API20E system Vitek 2 compact, as well as to molecular diagnostics, During this study, In total 117 bacterial isolates.109 isolates were Gram - negative bacilli and 8 were Gram - positive cocci. he distribution of bacterial isolates diagnosed Pseudomonas aeroginosa 32.47%, Klabseilla pneumonia 21.36% and the lowest rate was to isolate the bacteria by isolating Staph.epedermidis 1.7%, while the following bacterial isolates Acinetobacter baumennii, Escherishia coli, Enterobacter claocae, Staphylococcus .aueus, Burkholderia cepesa, Pruteus mirabillsi, Pantoea agglomerans by isolating : 12 : 82% , 11.1% , 5.12% 5.12% 3.41% 2.56 respectively. The present study addressed some of the epidemiological aspect of infected cases burns,which included information on patients with with burns, which included sex, age, residence location (place), burning type. The results showed that (42.9%) isolates were males and (57.%) were female.The most frequent patient were belonged to the 0 - 9 years old (54.2%) which is for children. 29 - 20 followed by isolation of 22 20.56% and less isolating rate was in the 49 - 40 age group. Created results also cases of infections diagnosed were distributed to varying degrees with respect to the type of cremation, where the highest rate of injury burns Boiled water 38%, followed by the burning by flames gas Fire 28.9%,Fire by gasoline flames (19.6%),Hot liquids (8.41%) and Electrical Shock(4.67%). As for the nature and place of residence have study found that the highest proportion of cases were among individuals who live in rural areas increased by 90 injured 84.1% while the injuries the center has reached 17 cases of burn injury by 10.88% ,Frequency of the manners of burning based on intention or accidentally was as follow : (86.95) of patients were burned accidentally and (13%) were intenion. Present results showed that the most frequent burning (75.7%)was occurred during winter. The lowest frequency (24.2%)was belonged to summer .So the most common time of burning of present was during winter. As for the screening test sensitivity was shown the results of the current study that the most effective antibiotics against both Gram - negative bacilli bacteria and Gram - positive cocci were Ceftazidin, Ciprofloxacin, Amicacin while most of isolates showed high resistance to Ticarkcillin, Gentamicin, Impenem. Where the highest proportion of resistant bacteria P.aeruginosa which showed high resistance to all antibiotics in different proportions. It showed the results of the molecular study to amplify the gene 16SrRNA that all isolates gave a positive result and it's within the range 1400pb - 1500 pb. Also it has been compared to the results of all the DNA Squencing bacterial species (P.aeruginosa, E.coli, E.cloaca, A.baumennii, P.mirabili), which confirmed its similarity ratios nitrogenous bases relay with nitrogenous bases ratios stored in the gene bank

التوصيف الجزيئي لبعض الفطريات الانتهازية المعزولة من المرضى الضعاف مناعيا واختبار حساسيتها تجاه مستخلص الثوم == Molecular Identification of Some Opportunistic Fungi Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients and Their Testing Sensitivity Against Extract of Garlic ( Allium sativum)

Author name: هند حبيب عبد الامير الفرطوسي
Supervisor name: ياس خضير عباس | ميثاق ستار عبود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية العزل والتوصيف الجزيئي والمظهري لبعض الفطريات الانتهازية من القناة التنفسية السفلى للمرضى الضعاف مناعيا المراجعين لقسم الاورام في مستشفى الحبوبي والمراجعين للعيادة الاستشارية للامراض الصدرية في محافظة ذي قار (جنوب العراق) حيث تم جمع 130عينة قشع sputum للفترة من 1/10/2015 الى 1/5/ 2016 . بلغ عدد العينات الموجبة للزرع 85عينة وبنسبة 65.38% , اذ شكل عدد عينات الاناث الموجبة 21 عينة وبنسبة 46.67 % , اما عدد عينات الذكور الموجبة فقد بلغ 64 عينة وبنسبة 75.29% . ظهرت اعلى نسبة عزل عند الفئة العمرية 61 - 70 سنة وبنسبة 32.94 % بعدها الفئة العمرية 31 - 40 سنة وبنسبة 15.25 % . وتم الحصول على 106 عزلة فطرية . باستخدام طرق التشخيص المظهرية والجزيئية, بينت هذه الدراسة ان اعلى نسبة ظهور للفطريات المعزولة تمثلت بجنس spp. Candidaثم جنس Aspergillus spp.تلاه جنس Penicillium spp. بالنسب المئوية 49.41% 38.32 % 21.17 % وبالترتيب . كما ظهرت Candida albicans ثم Aspergillus flavus بالنسب المئوية 36.47 % , 12.94% بالترتيب, كما تم تسجيل 15 عزلة من الفطريات المعزولة في البنك الجيني الدولي . شملت الدراسة استخدام اربعة مذيبات عضوية وهي الايثانول, الاسيتون, الميثانول والماء بحيث كان قد استخدم من المذيبات الثلاثة غير الماء التراكيز 50%, 70% فضلا عن التركيز المطلق للحصول على مستخلص الثوم. اختبرت اربعة تراكيز من كل مذيب ضد 11 نوعا من الفطريات المعزولة, واظهر المستخلص المائي كفاءة جيدة في تثبيط جميع انواع الفطريات المدروسة بالمقارنة مع المذيبات العضوية الاخرى اذ بلغ اعلى معدل تثبيط عند التركيز400 مايكروغرام\مل بحيث ابدى الفطر Penicillium notatum تاثرا كبيرا للمستخلص المائي الذي بلغ اعلى معدل تثبيط له (60 مليمتر) عند التركيز المذكور . حددت الفعالية الحيوية لكل مذيب ضد كل الفطريات المدروسة وتم مقارنة المستخلص مع ثلاثة مضادات فطرية Miconazole وNystatin وAmphtericin B واظهر المضادان الاول والثاني تاثيرات متباينة اما المضاد الثالث فلم يظهر اي تاثير على الفطريات المختبرة . تم تحديد السمية الخلوية للمستخلص المائي الخام باستخدام كريات الدم الحمر ولم يتسبب في اي تحلل دموي. كذلك تضمنت الدراسة الكشف عن المركبات التي يحتويها المستخلص المائي للثوم باستخدام الكشوفات النوعية وتقنية كروماتوغرافيا الغاز GC فكشفت تلك الطرائق وتقنية كروماتوكرافيا الغاز بان المستخلص يحتوي على القلويدات والفينولات والفلافونويدات والتربينويدات والتانينات والكاروتينات بالاضافة الى وجود الاحماض الامينية ومركبات كبريتية اهمها الاليسين allicin واخرى اروماتية | The current study included isolation and molecular and phenotypic identification of some the opportunistic fungi from the lower respiratory tract of the immunocompromised patients in the Department of Oncology and Thoracic Consultant Clinic of Alhaboobi hospital at Thi - Qar Province ( South of Iraq). The specimens of sputum were 130 which collected during 1/ October /2015 until 1/May/2016. The study showed that 85 of the collected specimens appeared as positive results which were 65.38% of the ratio in which the females ones were 21 (46.67%) specimens while 64 (75.29%) for males. In addition that, the highest ratio of the positive results was recorded in the ages of 61 - 70 years, followed by 31 - 40 years which were 32.94% and 15.25%, respectively. Totally, 106 isolates of the isolated opportunistic fungi appeared from the positive specimens. Through using morphological methods and molecular techniques, this study showed the first rank of the isolated fungi was Candida spp followed by Aspergillus spp, and Penicillium spp which possessed ratios of 49.41%, 38.32% and 21.17, respectively. According to the species, the first ratio of the isolation was Candida albicans followed by Aspergillus falvus, as 36.47%, 12.94%, respectively. Fifteen fungal isolates of the present study were recorded in the Gene Bank of NCBI. In this study, the extracts of Allium sativum were separately obtained by using four organic solvents (ethanol, acetone, methanol and water) and three concentrations (50%, 70% and absolute) of each solvents except water. Four concentrations of each extract were tested against 11 species of the isolated fungi in which the water extract gave the best value of the bioactivity including highest inhibitory value (60 mm) against Penicillium notatum by using 400µg\ml compared with the extracts of ethanol, acetone, and methanol. The bioactivity of Allium sativum extracts of each solvent was done against the tested fungi in comparison with Amphotericin B, Nystatin and Miconazole in which two of them produced the different bioactivities while Miconazole had no effect. The blood cytotoxicity of the crude water extract was performed against red blood cells and it did not appear any hemolysis. The chemical tests and Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed that the water extract contains alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and carotenes in addition to sulfur formations, such as allicin as well as aromatic compounds.

التحري الجزيئي والوبائي لطفيلي المتحولة Entamoeba Spp. في الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال في محافظة ذي قار == Molecular and Epidemiological investigation of the Parasite Entamoeba Spp. In children with diarrhea in Thi Qar Province

Author name: منار كريم كاظم السعيدي
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة الحالية فحص 3909 عينة غائط للاطفال دون سن 12 سنة الذين يعانون من الاسهال ويشكون من الام بطنية والمراجعين لمستشفى بنت الهدى التعليمي ومستشفى الشهيد محمد الموسوي والمراكز الصحية والعيادات الخارجية في محافظة ذي قار خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الاول 2015 لغاية شهر ايلول 2016 تضمنت الدراسة ثلاثة محاور رئيسة . المحور الاول هو تشخيص جنس المتحولة مجهريا باستعمال المسحة المباشرة الرطبة وطريقة التركيز وذلك للكشف عن الاطوار المتغذية والمتكيسه للطفيلي واظهرت اصابة كلية بجنس المتحولة Entamoeba spp. بنسبة 26.86% واختيرت 80 عينة من العينات الموجبة مجهريا لتاكيد التشخيص باستعمال الفحص الجزيئي PCR بواسطة الجين 18S rRNAفسجلت الدراسة اصابة كلية بطفيلي المتحولة بنسبة 35% ، اظهرت نتائج الفحص باستعمال طريقة Nested PCR لتمييز الانواع (Species Specific) اصابة بطفيلي المتحولة الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica بنسبة 39.29% وبطفيلي المتحولة المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar بنسبة 39.29% . فحصت العينات الموجبة (28) للPCR باستعمال Real - Time PCR وبوجود المجسان Probes المجس Histolytica - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة الحالة للنسج والمجس Dispar - 96 T الخاص بالمتحولة المتغايرة وذلك لتاكيد التشخيص وتمايز الانواع فثبت وجود المتحولة الحالة للنسج باعلى نسبة 53.57% والمتحولة المتغايرة بنسبة 39.29% والانواع الاخرى لجنس المتحولة بنسبة 7.14% وبفارق معنوي بين الطريقتين الجزيئيتين مع وجود تاثير معنوي لنوع الطفيلي في احداث الاصابة . اظهرت الدراسة اصابة مفرد لطفيلي E. histolytica بنسبة 45.50% ولطفيلي E.dispar بنسبة 27.20% فيما سجلت اصابة مختلطة بنسبة 27.30% كما وسجلت وجود كريات الدم الحمر في 80% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E. histolytica وبنسبة 54.55% من العينات الموجبة لوجود E.dispar . تضمن المحور الثاني دراسة انتشار الاصابة بجنس المتحولة من خلال دراسة علاقة الاصابة مع بعض العوامل الوبائية ، منها فصول السنة التي اظهرت وجود فروق معنوية P≤0.05 فكان فصل الصيف اعلى الفصول من حيث نسبة الاصابة 37.06% وادناها في فصل الشتاء بلغت 14.14% ، كذلك لم تبين النتائج وجود فروق معنوية للاصابة فيما يخص الفئات العمرية فكانت النسب اعلاها بين الاطفال دون (3) سنوات فبلغت 30.50% ادناها بين الاطفال في الفئة الاعلى من (10) سنوات بلغت 17.13% ، لم تسجل الدراسة اية فروق معنوية في نسبة الاصابة بالطفيلي بحسب الجنس فسجلت نسبة 26.87% و26.85% للاناث والذكور على التوالي، في حين اظهرت الدراسة وجود فروق معنوية ملحوظة فيما يخص المستوى المعاشي فكانت نسبة الاصابة لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل المحدود هي الاعلى 37.98% واقلها للذين ينتمون للعائلات ذات الدخل فوق الجيد وبلغت 10.11% كما سجلت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية في نسب الاصابة حسب المستوى التعليمي للابوين فكانت نسبة الاصابة عالية لدى الاطفال الذين المستوى العلمي لذويهم دون الابتدائية مقارنة بذوي الاطفال من حملة الشهادات الجامعية وبلغت النسب 36.85% و8.55% على التوالي فيما يخص عدد افراد العائلة كانت نسبة الاصابة عالية وبفارق معنوي لدى الاطفال الذين ينتمون لعائلات تتكون اكثر من (10) افراد واقلها للذين ينتمون لعائلات التي يبلغ عددها (5 - 3) افراد بنسب بلغت 36.95% و8.54% على التوالي . تضمن المحور الثالث دراسة بعض المعايير الدمية ومعرفة التغير في نسبة هذه المعايير لدى الاطفال المصابين بالطفيلي عند مقارنتها بالمعايير الدمية للاطفال الاصحاء وتم ذلك باستعمال جهاز Coulter Counter . جمعت 150 عينة دم من الاطفال المصابين بطفيلي المتحولة و50 عينة دم من الاطفال الذين يمثلون مجموعة السيطرة الاصحاء وتبين وجود فروق معنوية واضحة في نسبة خضاب الدم 10.16%وحجم كريات الدم الحمر المضغوط 34.7% حيث لوحظ انخفاضهما في مجموعة المصابين مقارنة بالقيم في مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 12.34 و39.10 على التوالي. سجلت نتائج العد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض وجود ارتفاع معنوي في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بمجموعة الاطفال الاصحاء وبلغت 11.3، 8.37 على التوالي وفيما يخص العد التفريقي لها فقد بينت النتائج وجود ازدياد بفارق معنوي في عدد الخلايا العدلة 6.92 و4.03 والخلايا الحمضة 0.61 و0.17 والخلايا الوحيدة 1.19 و0.93 على التوالي ولوحظ كذلك وجود انخفاضا معنويا في عد الخلايا اللمفاوية في الاطفال المصابين مقارنة بقيمتها لدى اطفال مجموعة السيطرة التي بلغت 2.19 و2.76 على التوالي | The current study included examination of 3909 stool samples from under 12 years old children who visited Bint Al - Huda hospital, Martyr Mohammad Al - Mosawi hospital, medical centres and outpatient clinics in Thiqar governorate during the period from October 2015 until September 2016. All those individuals were suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain. This study included the microscopic identification of Entamoeba Spp. using direct wet amount and concentration techniques in order to diagnose both Trophozoite and cyst stages of the parasite. The result revealed that 1050 (26.86%) of the collected samples were infected with Entamoeba Spp. Out of these infected samples, 80 were randomly selected for further confirmation by conventional PCR and 18S rRNA. Using this method, 28 (35%) was recorded to have Entamoeba Spp. Positive samples from conventional PCR were further examined by Nested PCR for species specific identification. The result of this method showed the presence of two species, E. histolytica (39.29%) and E. dispar (39.29%).Positive samples for molecular examination (28) were then examined by Real time PCR in order to verify and confirm the molecular results. Two probes were used, Histolytica - 96 Tfor E. histolytica and Dispar - 96 T for E. dispar. A significant difference was observed between two methods. E. histolytica was found to be higher percentage followed by E. dispar and then Entamoeba Spp., 53.57%, 39.29% and 7.14% respectively. The Real time PCR reported mono - infection with E. histolytica in 45.5% and with E. dispar in 27.2%, whereas reported mixed infections by both parasites in 27.3%. Red blood cells (RBCs) were detected in 80% E. histolytica positive samples and in 54.55% E. dispar positive ones.The environmental factors and their correlation with Entamoeba Spp. prevalence were also included in this study. The infection prevalence based on the seasonal variation showed significant differences P≤ 0.05. Summer recorded the highest infection prevalence whereas the lowest was in the winter, 37.06% and 14.14% respectively. Regarding the infection in age groups, the highest percentage (30.5%) was recorded in under 3 years old group and the lowest (17.13%) was found in above 10 years old one. However, no significant difference P≤ 0.05 was observed between these age groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were recorded betweenpatient’s sex. Entamoeba Spp. infection (37.98%) appeared to be higher in children who belong to families with low standard of living compared to those who are from families that earning a higher income (10.11%). A Similar pattern was found in Entamoeba Spp. prevalence based on the number of the patient’s family members. Higher prevalence and significant difference were reported (39.95%) in patients who belong high family member (above 10), compared to those from 3 - 5family member (8.54%).One hundred and fifty blood samples from infected children with Entamoeba Spp. and fifty samples from healthy children as a control were collected during the present study in order to observe the change in blood picture and parameters between two groups. Significant differences were reported in blood hemoglobin (10.16%) and volume of packed RBCs (34.7%) in the infected group compared to 12.34% and 39.10% in the control group. Total leukocyte count was found to be significantly higher in the infected group (11.3) compared to the individuals in the control group (3.37). Differential leukocyte count also showed significant differences in Neutrophils (6.92%, 4.03), eosinophils (0.61, 0.17), monocytes (1.19,0.93) and lymphocytes (2.19, 2.76) in infected and control groups respectively.

تاثير الاصابة التجريبية بطفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii وبعض الادوية على خصوبة الجرذان المختبرية Rattus norvegicus == Effect of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection and some drugs on fertility rats Rattus norvegicus

Author name: زهراء سعدون هادي الغزي
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس منشد العبادي | علي اسماعيل عبيد السنافي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This study included 3 stages. In the first stage, Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from aborted women placenta who visited Bent Al - Huda hospital and Al - Shatra hospital after confirmation of the prescence of parasite by impression smear method. Then parasite uspension injected 0.3 ml which contain 100 cyst intraperitoneally (174 rat) to 87 male and 87 female rats, inaddition to control group 30 rat (15 male and 15 female). After 10 days of injection, diagnosed the acute infection by Real - Time Poplymerase Chain Reaction(Real - Time PCR) and showed 97.70% (170 infected rat and 4 noninfected rat) , in male 96.55% (84 infected rat and 3 noninfected) ,in female 98.85% (86 infected rat and 1 noninfected) . After 2months of infection 84 animals (42 males and 42 females)were sacrificed, dissected (brain, testis and ovary ) were isolated to confirm the occurance of chronic infection with the using Real - Time PCR. The incidence of infection was 100% in brain males and ovary females and recorded 71.43% in testis and 90.48% in brain females. So diagnosed infection by impression smear method, identified the amount of DNA of the parasite T. gondii by using Real - Time PCR. The use of the remaining number of animals within the following experiments.The second stage included effect of experimental Toxoplasmosis infection and some drugs on fertility 168 rat (84 male and 84 female). Animals were subdivided into 6 groups for each group included 14 rat : (First group) non infected treated by DMSO, (Second roup) non infected treated by Sulfadiazine, (Third group) non infected treated by Pyrimethamine, (Fourth group) infected treated by DMSO, (Fifth group) infected treated by Sulfadiazine and (Sixth group) infected treated by Pyrimethamine.The current study results revealed prominent effect of T. gondii infection on the hormonal level in both males and females. T. gondii infection induced significant decline in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone levels in nfected male compared with non infected males treated by DMSO. Sulf. and Pyr. treatment significantly elevated the level of these hormones (P <0.01) in infected males compared with fourth group similar to levels its in first group. Toxoplasmosis in female rats significantly decrease FSH, LH, Estrogen and Progesterone levels in compared with first group, while treating of infected females with Sulf. and Pyr. didn,t improve the declined levels of these hormones in infected and noninfected females comparedwith fourth and first group, respectively.The study showed that Toxoplasmosis in male rats induced significant decline in the sperm count in the epididymal cauda, sperm viability and relative weights of male sexual organs with an increase in sperm malformation ratio in infected male compared with first group. Treatment with Sulf. and Pyr. in infected male significanthy elevated the sperm count and viability (P<0.05), compared with fourth group. Sulf. didn,t induced further significant changes, but Pyr. induced further significant increase in sperm malformation ratio in infected (P< 0.01) and non infected (P<0.05) rats. The study also revealed that Toxoplasmosis significantly decrease the relative weight of ovary and uterus compared with first group, while treatment with Sulf. and Pyr. increased the declined relative weight of the ovary and uterus in the infected females.Testicular histological section of Toxoplasmosis infected male rats treatment with DMSO showed vacular degeneration of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The seminiferous tubules revealed sever degeneration, shrinkal, necrosis, hemorrhage. Seminiferous tubules lumen contained little amount of sperm with appearance of gaint cell, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and exfoliated cellular debris. Metamorphosis and disintegration of the tissue between the seminiferous tubules was also observed compared to the first group that showed complex histologically intact while testes sections of infected rats treatment Pyr. and Sulf. showed improvement by removing histocompatibility damage caused by the parasite infection.The epididymal sections of T. gondii infected rats treatment with DMSO showed infiltration of mononuclear and multinucleated gaint cell. Sections also showed hyperplasia of duct lining and contained tissue cyst of T. gondii. All these changes were improved in infected males treated by Sulf. and Pyr. Ovary sections of the infected females treatment with DMSO compared with first group revealed decreased primary and secondary follicle increased follicle atresia. Histological sections of ovary females showed in the fifth and sixth group to increase the number of primary and secondary follicles and decreased number of follicle atresia compared overian sections for the fourth group. Uterine sections of the infected females treatment with DMSO showed hypertrophy, increase endometrial thickness and myometerium, increase polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, fewer glands and congestion of blood vessels compared with first group. Histological sections for ovary females of the fifth and sixth group showed changes but less severe than is present in the fourth group.In third stage from studying Toxoplasmosis on fertility parameters of male and female rats, 84 rat(42 male and 42 female) which showed the results of the current study, when paired fertilized healthy females by males is infected and infected of T.gondii treatment with Sulf. , Pyr. and DMSO, and inversion, there is the effect of the parasite and used drugs the percentage of getting pregnant and pregnancy size and rate of embryos weight and placental weight and increase the proportion of fetal resorption and the proportion of early loss of embryos in fertilized healthy females by males five groups compared to the first group.Based on that conclude from the study that the infection of parasite T. gondii had negative effects on the fertility of male and female, and that all of thePyr. and Sulf. were not honest is the other of the impact on reproductive functions.

جدولة n من النتاجات على ماكنة واحدة لتصغير دالتين == An n - Jobs One Machine Scheduling for Minimization the Sum of Two Criteria

Author name: ازهار مهدي عبادي
Supervisor name: محمد كاظم زغير الزويني
General topic: Mathematics
Specific topic: Mathematics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In this thesis, we considered the problem of scheduling ???? jobs on a single machine. The aim of this study is to find the optimal and near optimal solutions for the sum of cost of total flow time and maximum late work with unequal ready time, this problem denoted by 1????????⁄Σ????????+????????????????????????=1⁄. The problem is strongly NP - hard, the branch and bound method was using to find optimal solution. Two lower bounds (LB1, LB2) are proposed each of them based on decompose the problem into two sub problems. The lower bounds of the problem is the sum of the lower bounds of the two sub problems. A heuristic which gives an upper bound in the root node of BAB algorithm was proposed, its effective in finding an optimal or near optimal schedule. Also, we proved some special cases of the problem which lead to optimal solution, three dominance rules were stated and proved. The results of extensive computational tests show that the proposed BAB algorithm is effective in solving problems up to (35) jobs at a time less than or equal to (30) minutes.We apply two local search methods to find near optimal solutions : Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) and Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) .Computational experience found that these local search methods can solve the problem up to (6000) jobs with reasonable time, also found that : The AFSA has better results for the problem of size less than or equal to (35) jobs, but for the problems of size larger than (35) jobs, The FOA has the best results. All methods used in this research are programmed by using a programming language (MATLAB Language).

Blow up method for studying bifurcation of solution in singular perturbation ordinary differential equation and differential algebraic equation

Author name: حوراء كريم مناهي
Supervisor name: كمال حامد ياسر الياسري
General topic: Mathematics
Specific topic: Mathematics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
Key words:
  • Blow up Method
  • Bifurcation Theory
  • Singular perturbation system Di erential - Algebraic Equations
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis deals with studying a new subject of a singularity perturbed ordinary di erential equations system. It is considered the foundation base to get a di erential algebraic equations, where the concept of singularity perturbed ODEs is explained. Thenit studies the ways to deal with the perturbation parameter ϵ through two case studies : The rst case : Is the study of behavior of solution for singularity perturbed ODEs when perturbation parameter 0

تشخيص تصلب الشرايين باستخدام معالجة الصور الرقمية == The Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis Using Digital Image Processing

Author name: عبد الكريم صكر كمر
Supervisor name: حازم باقر طاهر العلي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Accelerating the pace of scientific progress and that focus in the field of human service requirements is to provide daily health and service. Health aspect is one of the most important themes of science that needs to be searched because it has a direct impact on human existence. Medical Physics is one of the branches of the Physics Department that deals with the interest of providing theoretical or scientific foundations which had the aims to provide scientific services in the medical field. The subject of the medical image processing is one of the applications of this section. It aims to increase the efficiency of medical diagnostic systems to provide an integrated diagnostic system that works to distinguish a heart disease and atherosclerosis.This study depends on medical images that were obtained from patients in Nasiriyah Heart Center. Where thesis focus on images for arteries feeding heart muscle for Infected patients and other healthy. Set of operations were performed on these images derived from work areas and the separation arteries of these areas from the rest of unimportant information within the image To be brought into the neural network, the use of 110 image to train the network 60 and 50 were used for the test.The next step is to count the number of qualities for each image after it has been extracted artery of the image by making some operations on this image .The proposed system has proven successful in the conduct of the diagnostic process through the results obtained on the ratio of 100% in the training phase and 92% in the testing phase

دراسة وتحضير خلية شمسية صبغية ذات تركيب صلب باستخدام صبغة نوع D146 ثنائي اوكسيد التيتانيوم كانود وانابيب الكاربون النانوية متعدد الجدار ككاثود == Study and Preparation of Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cell using D149 as a dye ,TiO2 Nanoparticles as a Photo anode and MWCNTs as a Counter Electrode

Author name: ايات عبد علي كطان
Supervisor name: سامر مهدي عبد المحسن
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Solar Energy Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electric cells, which consists of the photo electrode, dye, electrolyte, and the counter electrode. The advantage of DSSC is the low cost of the solar energy conversion into electricity because of inexpensive materials and the relative ease of the fabrication processes. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) films as a photo electrode were prepared from anatas titanium Oxid (TiO2) nanoparticles and deposited by doctor blade method on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)coated glass substrates. After the process of deposition that including the prepared samples in the oven, the temperature raises from room temperature (R.T) to set up to around 400°C. Half an hour later, the temperature started to decrease to reach theroom temperature (R.T) . Multi - walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)used as a counter electrode instead of platinum(Pt),where prepared by spray pyrolysis technique (SPT) at 300°C,10 sec as spraying time ,and 60 sec stopped time. In the next step, Preparing the dye solution at room temperature then placed TiO2 electrode in the dye solution for 24 hours in the dark .The last step is collecting two electrodes one over the other leads to build a solar cell. Then a mixture electrolyte about(0.6 M 1 - methyl - 3 propoylimidazolium iodide (PMII) + 0.1 M LiI )is dipped onto the surfaces of both (FTO glass/TiO2NP/D149/PMII and MWCNTs/FTO)glasses .The thickness about (400nm) and the films are prepared under various deposition conditions in order to understand the effect of the temperature on the cell properties and to specify the optimum condition. X - ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used for the structural analysis.Raman scattering spectrum used to determine the type of material CNTs used for DSSCs fabrication , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) used for description as an analysis for system chemical structure of the atoms. UV and visible spectra have been recorded as a function of wavelength in the range (200 - 1000 nm) in order to study the optical properties such as reflectance, energy gap of allowed and forbidden direct transitions, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric constant in real and imaginary parts. It has been found that all the investigated parameters are affected by the sensitizer dye in the visible region of the spectrum .Finally I - V characteristic curves of the fabricated cell were measured and studied, this cell shows highest photovoltaic performances to date as Solid state dye sensitive solar cells

تحديد العناصر المشعة الطبيعية في النفط الخام المنتج من ابار حقل الغراف النفطي باستخدام مطيافية اشعة كاما == Determination of Natural Radioactive Elements in Al - Garraf Crude Oil Well Using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy

Author name: ايات شرهان سعدون
Supervisor name: جبار ماضي راشد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Natural radioactive materials (NORM) that accompany oil and gas production from a real problem for the environment and the people. These radioactive substances can from a significant threat to workers in the field of crude oil if the concentrations exceed permissible limits. Natural radioactivity due to U - 238, Th - 232, Ra - 226, Ra - 228 and K - 40 in crude oil samples collected from al Gharraf oil field in Thi Qar province, south of Iraq. 15 wells were selected to take crude oil samples from this field. were measured using gamma ray spectrometry based on scintillation detection 3 x 3 inch NaI (Tl).The radioactivity concentrations of U - 238,Th - 232,Ra - 226,Ra - 228 and K - 40 values in the studied oil samples ranged (0.92 - 5.02 Bq / kg),(1.42 - 5.27 Bq/ kg) , (0.91 - 5.81 Bq / kg) ,(1.56 - 4.52 Bq / kg) and (60.45 - 138.88 Bq / kg) respectively. The equivalent concentration for each of Ra - 226 and Th - 232 and K - 40 has been calculated for all samples and was found to be between (7.60 - 24.04) Bq / kg , (5.39 - 16.98) Bq / kg and (98.78 - 313.10) Bq/Kg respectively.The absorbed dose for these concentrations were calculated using three equations supported by ICRP, UNSCEAR and BECK and we found that the absorbed dose according to ICRP, UNSCEAR and BECK for all samples ranged between (1.378 - 5.675) , (3.85 - 11.00) and (3.881 - 11.496) respectively. The calculated values of the annual effective dose rate and excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were between and (0.591 - 2.436591 ), respectively.The external and internal hazard index also calculated and found ranges between ⁄ and (0.023 - 0.081 ⁄ ), respectively. The results obtained indicate that concentrations of radioactive elements targeted in this study were within safe limits despite the variation in the concentration values between samples. We therefore conclude that the natural radioactivity due to U - 238,Th - 232,Ra - 226,Ra - 228 and K - 40 in crude oil samples collected from al Gharraf oil field in Thi Qar province poses no risk to workers according to standards set by International Commission onRadiological Protection Publication (ICRP60),World Health Organization(WHO)and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).

الاستقرارية البصرية في زوج من التراكيب النقط الكمية == Optical Stability in Double Quantum Dot Structures

Author name: نرمين عبد الخالق كامل
Supervisor name: امين حبيب السيد جاسم
General topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:

التحقق من اداء منظومة ليزر التحويل السلبي لعامل النوعية المقترنة بوسط رامان == Investigation of Laser system performance of passive Q - switching with intracavity Raman medium

Author name: سالي باسم كاظم
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم مهدي صالح النيازي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The performance of passive Q - switching with intracavity laser system to generate high power pulses have been investigated .The considered laser system consists of Nd : YVO4 , Cr4+ : YAG, and BaWO4 as a active medium, saturable absorber material, and Raman medium respectively to generate high power pulses . A computer program has been employed to solve the rate equations which are simulates the system performance numerically by Rung - Kutta - Fehelberg method. So, the results of the numerical solution have been utiliza to calculate the photons losses behavior in order to study the effects of these losses in the system performance.Raman spontaneous scattering factor ( ) sp k effect on high power pulses characteristics has been studied. There is a small increasing in the duration of the passive Q - switching pulse and stability in duration of stokes pulse when the factor ( ) sp k become high value. According to the current study, the reason of this behaviour is related to the small increasing in the falling time of passive Q - switching pulse and the semi stability in the falling time of passive Q - switching pulse . So, the mentioned aspect demonstrates the increasing in the pulses energy. The study explain that as an outcome high density of the pulses photons .Also the study shows the power of pulses is increasing with Raman spontaneous scattering factor value.In the study aspect which concern the losses behaviour in term of Raman spontaneous scattering factor, the study shows that the decreasing in the final value of total photon loss with Raman spontaneous scattering factor. The study related that to decreasing which occur in the density number of the ground state of SAM ions , that lead to decrement in its absorption activity, this is dominators of the increment in the excited stateof SAM absorption activity according to the difference values ofabsorption cross sections of levels.Output coupler mirror reflectivity on Raman laser pulse characteristics has been studied, the study illustrate that the broadening in the duration of Raman laser pulse whenever the value of output coupler reflectivity at Raman photons ( ) R R increases, the study explains that related to the broadening in the falling time of the pulse. Concerning the pulse energy, the study demonstrates the increase which occurs in the energy of Raman laser pulse with increase of the output coupler reflectivity at Raman photons ( ) R R , the study related that to increase in the photons density. A according that mentioned the study illustrate the increase in the power of Raman laser pulse with the increase of the output coupler reflectivity at Raman photons ( ) R R .Finally, the study arrives to concludes that the passive Q - switching laser system of Nd : YVO4, Cr : YAG, with intracavity Raman medium (BaWO4) crystals which takes into account characterized by compatible performance to obtain high power pulses. So, the Raman media which are distinguished by high spontaneous scattering factor are more efficient to realization high power Raman laser pulses. In addition, the quality factor of resonator is found tobe proportional with the spontaneous scattering factor of Raman medium.

استجابة التضمين والضوضاء في قفل الحقن لليزرات التعاقب الكمي == INTENSITY MODULATION RESPONSE AND NOISE IN INJECTION - LOCKING QUANTUM CASCADE LASERS

Author name: اخلاص عبد العالي حسين
Supervisor name: حسين هادي وارد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In communication field, there are many advantages for using terahertz carriers in optical data transmission along both analog and digital links such as small antenna sizes and large information bandwidth. The optical injection locking is an alternative technique to improve the dynamic properties of QCL light sources. In this technique the frequency and phase of one laser oscillator, known as the slave laser, are locked through the direct coupling to the light injection from another laser oscillator, known as the master laser. In this work, the optical injection locking induced laser dynamics in a QCL is investigated theoretically. The present theoretical analyses are based on the rate equations model that takes into account all carrier relaxation processes as well as the effect of the optical injection locking. The small signal analysis is used to calculate the intensity modulation response and intensity noise in QCL. The present analysis focuses on the effect of carrier relaxation time and the optical injection locking on the dynamic properties in these devices. The results show that the optical injection locking and fast carrier relaxation time can enhance the dynamic properties and decreases noise value and increases the modulation bandwidth in these advanced lasers. The optical injection locking increases the carrier density in active region to suppress the effect of fast carrier scattering to lower state and enhances the stimulated emission. The fast carrier relaxation times decreases the threshold injection current. Also, in optical injection operation, the active region length and linewidth enhancement factor has strong effect on the intensity modulation response and intensity noise.

دراسة الخواص المغناطيسية لنظام فيريمغناطيسي ذي برم مختلط باستخدام تقريب متوسط المجال == Study of the Magnetic Properties of a Mixed Spin Ferrimagnetic System by Using Mean Field Approximation

Author name: اسماء مزعل جاسم
Supervisor name: حسن عبد ياسر | هادي قاسم محمد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In this research it has been investigated the magnetic properties of a mixed spin - 2 and spin - 7/2 lsing binary ferrimagnetic system which is numerically solved by using the mean - field approximation (MFA), for a square lattice and simple cubic one; respectively.The magneto crystalline anisotropies have carefully been changed so as to investigate an interesting phenomenon which is called “Compensation phenomenon” where it has been found that the mixedspin Ising system which is considered has one compensation temperature and ) 4z ( square for a 85 . 2 1 . 3     B D , 85 . 1 1 . 2     B D when the considered system , respectively. Whereas lattice ) 6z ( simple cubic A atoms of for the sublattice anisotropies compensation points multi has in the range  7.1  DA  6.1, 10.4  DA  9.2 for a square and simple cubic lattice, respectively. Besides that it has been studied this phenomenon in the presence of an external magnetic field. We have , 1 . 0 2 . 0     H , , i.e. H lues of t a certain range of negative va found tha gives rise to the multi compensation points. On the other hand, the obtained results indicate that the considered system has experienced first - order and second - order phase transitions, in the planes mA,T , mB ,T respectively. At certain values of sublattices observe that the ordered , one can H , in the absence of A D anisotropies may show the first order phase transition rom the  phases at T  0K SA  2 state to the SB  7 / 2 state, when the value of anisotropyDB decreases.As well, we have examined the phase transitions within the calculation of the free energy function on the basis of Bogoliubov inequality in the plane  f ,T  to obtain precisely results compared of both crystalline for ) TM, ( se ones have been shown in the plane tho sublattices. Our results are encouraged and helpful to support and clarify the characteristic features in a series bimetallic molecularbased magnets. Besides that these magnetic materials have applications in the area of thermo - magneto recording.

دراسة نظرية لعملية انتقال الالكترون خلال بعض التراكيب النانوية == Theoretical Study of Electron Transport Through Some Nanoelectronic Structures

Author name: محمد عبد الامير عباس
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن حنون | لافي فرج البدري
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The present work is a theoretical study for the electronic properties of the electron transport process throughout some molecular structures. The investigated system is a left lead - donor - molecule - acceptor - right lead. The investigate molecule is one of the following structures (Phenyl, Biphenyl, Triphenyl, Naphthalene, Anthracene and Phenanthrene).A theoretical treatment of steady - state has been presented to express the transmission probability of the electron transport throughout ring structures. The Hamiltonian describing the system is the Anderson - Newns Hamiltonian with neglecting the spin and Coulomb interactions on the system. The treatment easily includes a magnetic flux effect on the transport process for any ring structure. Furthermore, the most important effects, taking into consideration, are quantum interference, gate voltage and bias voltage. The transmission probability is employed to calculate the conductance and electric current.Density functional theory (DFT) has also been used to calculate electronic properties of considered molecules, especially on the energy - band gap and density of states, and the distribution of electronic density (HOMO and LUMO). It has been ensured that all studied systems simulated using Caussian program 09 can be fabricated by utilizing their computed total energy.The quantum interference effect at typical values of magnetic flux was utilized to design quantum logic gates (XNOR gate and NAND gate) and nanoscale rectifier (half - wave rectifier and full - wave rectifier).

تحسين دقة التقارب في تقريب العناصر المحدودة لمعادلات بيضاوي الشكل باستخدام اساليب الاسقاط

Author name: هدى كريم ناصر
Supervisor name: ربيع هادي جاري
General topic: Mathematics
Specific topic: Mathematics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The superconvergence of finite element solutions is surely an interesting and useful phenomenon in scientific computing of real world problems. The main objective of this thesis of is to construct a new approximation by post - processing an existing finite element solution so that the new approximation is closer to the exact solution than the existing finite element solution. The accuracy of finite element approximation can be improved to obtain superconvergence by applying some post process techniques to them. The - projection method is a such technique. The idea of the method is to make an - projection of existing finite element solutions to another finite element space associated with a coarse mesh. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to implement and can be applied to different elements with general meshes. We will apply the - projection method to obtain the super convergence for the different finite element approximations of the second order elliptic problem. The finite element methods involved are the conforming finite element method and the nonconforming finite method for the second order elliptic problem.

نتائج جديدة حول نظريات النقطة الصامدة في الفضاءات المعيارية الضبابية والفضاءات المعيارية الضبابية الحدسية

Author name: احمد غناوي جاسم
Supervisor name: محمد جاسم محمد
General topic: Mathematics
Specific topic: Mathematics
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: In this thesis, we define contractive mapping, uniformly continuous mapping, ( ) uniformly locally contractive mapping, chainable fuzzy normed space, chainable intuitionistic fuzzy normed space and IFNS contraction mapping and also prove a fixed point theorems in fuzzy normed spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces.In addition, in this thesis, we establish common fixed point theorems for mappings by using the concept of commuting mappings, weakly commuting mappings, weakly commuting mappings, compatible mappings, reciprocally continuous mappings, subcompatibility mappings and occasionally weakly compatible mappings in fuzzy normed spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces.

مفهوم التضليل في القران الكريم : دراسة في ضوء نظريات الحجاج

Author name: مروة كريم هيكل العبودي
Supervisor name: حيدر برزان سكران العقيلي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The Qur'an is a source and main source of many studies, The Koran is a source and a basic source of many studies, and whenever the theories are found in the Qur'an, it is not considered a fertile material, since no matter how old the Koran is, the researcher must prepare a strong drink to reach it to safety. The Koran frightens the student and makes him more reluctant to issue Judgments, and impose a lot of caution on him. The Qur'an has transmitted to us the other thought, its dialogues, its arguments, the violation of the rivalry, and the stubbornness of the infidels, the polytheists, the apostates, the misinformation and the falsehoods. This is what needs to be highlighted for its widespread popularity in our present age. In the Holy Quran, a study in the light of the theories of the pilgrims. This is a discussion of the spoken words about the human beings in the Holy Quran, and the research is not subject to the words of Allaah or the Prophets (peace be upon them), because it is identical to reality and does not involve deceit or deceit.The premise of the study is to search for the concept of disinformation and how it was employed by the misguided in the Holy Quran, and study the sophistries, mechanisms, methods and methods employed in the verses of disinformation.The research is based on three chapters, preceded by a preface and followed by a conclusion. In the introduction, we address the conceptualization of misleading language and terminology, its roots and the beginning of its inception in the West and the Arabs, and sophistication. The first chapter dealt with the discourse of the polytheists and the believers. The third topic was devoted to the study of the speech of the people of the book. In the fourth section I studied the discourse of the hypocrites. The second chapter was entitled (The mechanisms of the pilgrims and ways of their work in speech distortion). It divided it into three topics. The first topic dealt with the linguistic mechanisms and their role in deception; the second dealt with rhetorical mechanisms and their role in misleading.The third chapter is entitled (Speech Impulse : Its Methods and Methods). The first two sections studied the methods of disinformation, and the second, methods of disinformation.

قصص ابراهيم سبتي : دراسة في البنية والدلالة == Ibrahim Satyrs Stories Study in Structure and significance

Author name: رشا راضي غانم
Supervisor name: حميد يعكوب نعيمة الصافي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: Ibrahim Satyrs stories study in structure and significance The short story is an art that combines all the arts in it, from the poem its structure and coherence , the novel with its events and characters , the drama with its dialogue and precision in utterance and language, and articles with its logical narrative and precision. Where it takes from each arts its best and accuracy, to give us artistic enjoyment that locates the short story in line with the writing arts which has been flourished in the last centuries.Many Critics urges that the short story is the best expression of the epoch, for it is an artistic means to reformulate the reality intensively , its fancy and creation enable it to enhance the respondent taste and emotion. With its reality, the respondent recognizes its characters and feels their life details.The study, The narrative Structure in Ibraheem Sabity stories, tackles Ibraheem sabity stories, the organizational model the study follows is that of Gerard Genettee, details in his book , ( Narrative Discourse, An Essay in Method ) with its theoretical statements and procedural tools, and the some ideas of Said Yakeet , in his book ( Analysis of Novelistic Discourse), besides the amendments he has devised on the Genettee structural bifurcations and his Textual transcripts, accordingly the approach is analytical descriptive , of structural theoretical background. The main difficulty encounters the study is that there is no a unified terminological apparatus that systemizes the work of those dealing with narrative, where there are multiple significances for one term as many as the attitude of discourses analysis and its fields. This plurality leads to blurring of the critical vision of most of studies specialized in narrative .Reading Ibrahem Sabty stories according to study approach in narrative techniques raises many legitimate questions, the researcher endeavors to find answer to them : The first question : what are the mechanism of the narrative structure the writer uses in constructing his story texts ? what are their effectiveness in producing distinguish narrative text? Does the writer able to follow hetero - trajectory in using these modern mechanism to achieve singularity?The Second Question : how does the writer able to use the temporal narrative techniques in managing in temporal duration treated in his stories, and does the temporal structure of the stories works only to construct its internal structure or rather go far to take part in creating the sense.The third Question : is it possible to talk on stories of place features, as the titles of the stories suggest? Or is it only artistic means of the writer to direct his readers to what he wants from them?The study is of introduction , three chapters and conclusion. The introduction is of three sections : the first : the genre structure and the text structure, the second : the developments of Iraqi story, and the third : brief on the writer Ibraheen Saby.The first chapter , the narrative temporal, is of three sections. The first : deals with the element of temporal structure by the mechanism of remember and foresight .The second : the temporal sequences deals with the accelerate and slow down narrative. And the third section deals with the narrative frequency through the repetitive tale and frequent tale.The second chapter, the narrative space, is of three sections. The first deals with the space structure and its relation with narrative elements (author, character ,event), the second deals with space and its significances ( political, cultural, social significances ). The third section deals with the construction of narrative atmosphere ( space and temporal ) through the engineering of writing and page.The third chapter, the story event, is of introduction and three sections.The introduction is on the important of event as a core feature due to its relation with other elements of narrative . The first section on the vent inception : the tale inception, the descriptive inception, scene inception, and the dialogic inception. The second section deals with the construction of the event : the sequence construction, the intersection construction. The parallel construction, and the cycle construction. The third section , the epilogue, deals with informative epilogue, descriptive epilogue, briefing epilogue, and dialogic epilogue.The study ends with research conclusions , references , and the story writer books.

المهيمنات الاسلوبية في الشعر مظفر النواب == THE STYLISTIC DOMINATIONS IN MUTHEFER AL - NAUAB POETRY

Author name: موسى جاسب فرحان
Supervisor name: ساهر حسين ناصر
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studies stylistic dominations in the Iraqi poet Muthefer Abdulmajed Al - Nauab's poetry. it depends on statistical method to obtain information that helps in analyzing poems according to the descriptive method. It begins with an introduction followed by three chapters; each chapter is divided into two parts as well as the introduction.The first part of the introduction discussed the stylistic study briefly; defining the style, itemizing its kinds and defining each kind to form a basic idea for the reader about this method of criticism. It also explains the meaning of the term "Dominations" in accordance to the critics. The second part discussed Muthefer Al - Nauab's life and his entire work because of his life's importance and its distinction.Chapter one in its first part illustrates the dominant vocal characteristics in Al - Nauab's poetry and defines the poems that this characteristics dominate and their influence on the meaning of these poems. The second part deals with the segment; gives its definition and its kinds. Additionally it takes samples from Al - Nauab's poems and analyzes them.Under the title of " Morphological Dominations", the first part in the second chapter discussed the nominal and verbal dominations briefly after it explains the states of the nouns and verbs; introducing the statistical surveying which the poems getanalyzed according to its results. The second part deals with the derivational nouns; defining each noun and analyzing the poems with regards to the results of the statistics.The final chapter demonstrates the formational dominations. Its first part deals with "Reference" in syntactical dominations as pronouns, adverbs and demonstrative. Then it studies conjunctions. The second chapter studies the rhetorical styles.The thesis concludes that the vocal, morphological, syntactical and rhetorical dominations have an apparent influences on the poems.

البناء اللغوي في القصص القرانية : دراسة دلالية == The Linguistic Construction In Quranic Stories (Semantic Study

Author name: عادل غانم حيال الشويلي
Supervisor name: مهند ذياب فيصل الجبر
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: The research deals with the meanings of linguistic construction in the Quranic stories on the levels of phonetic, morphological and syntactic, through which the linguistic miracles of the Holy Qur'an emerged, which is the basic objective that the research sought to achieve.At the vocal level, the sound has a clear effect in highlighting the significance of revelation in the presentation of meaning and its impression on the level of the individual and the linguistic context of the verses of the Qur'anic stories. We see in the places of strength and strength the powerful sounds that characterize these qualities, while in another place, And the mollified in the places of the remembrance of mercy and the divine kindness of his servants.And we see another sound phenomenon close to the construction of the same word according to the balance of one word, which is called the balance of morphology, noting the changes of the semantic change in the construction of the word and its impact in achieving the meanings that are sometimes multiplied by the construction of that word morphological, In the indication according to the context.The research also aims to identify a very important and accurate phenomenon that is manifested in verbal relations that include various structures and tools in achieving a systematic structure in which the Quranic narrator understands theThe Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Dhi Qar University College of Education for Human Sciences The department of Arabic language

موجهات التلقي في الخطاب التفسيري : مواهب الرحمن اختيارا

Author name: علياء حميد محمد الغرابي
Supervisor name: حسين علي عبد الحسين الدخيلي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Dhi Qar
First pages:
Abstract: في عينة دراستنا, لا بد لنا من وصف الاثر المدروس بنحو يضيء مناحي ابداعه التي نحاول الوغول فيها.. ان الخطاب التفسيري بنحو عام, يعبر عن المحتوى الذي تتبناه نصوص شارحة ذات غايات معرفية تتمثل بالتبيين, والتوضيح, وتتداخل فيها غايات اخر, غالبا ما تكون نفعيتها مشيرة الى تبني وجهات نظر دلائلية مذهبية, وهذا ما نجده في الخطاب التفسيري في مواهب الرحمن للسيد عبد الاعلى السبزواري. وعطفا على الرؤية الانفة في فهم سمات هذا الاثر, فانه من الضرورة بمكان ان نعد هذا سبيلا داعيا الى دراسته ومبررا رئيسا في اتخاذه انموذجا للتطبيق, ومن ثم فانه لم يكن خلوا من الدراسة في غير جامعة والبحث والاهتمام عند غير باحث وهو ما دعانا الى تامله والوقوف عند نظام ارساله لنتعرف - من خلال ذلك - على استراتيجيات البناء النصي للخطاب والكيفيات التي يوجه تلقيه عبرها تبعا لذلك.. وفضلا عن ذلك فان الرغبة في تطبيق مقولات نظرية التلقي على جنس غير ادبي وذي غايات كشفية توضيحية هي المسوغ الرئيس في دراسة موجهات التلقي في الخطاب التفسيري عند السيد السبزواري, لكونها مقاربة تغامر برهان ابداعية الخطاب التفسيري في مواهب الرحمن, وعلى الرغم من ان هذا المسلك يتضمن تعقيدا اجرائيا لا يخلو من الصعوبة؛ لانغلاق ملفوظات الخطاب على مدلولات توجيهية, ولضرورة تطويع مقولات النظرية لتحقيق الانسجام مع الخطاب المدروس الا ان كل ذلك لم يكن مانعا من الدراسة والتحري والرصد والتحليل, في موضوعتنا الموسومة : ((موجـــــــهات التلقــــي في الخـــــطاب التفــــــسيري "مواهــــــب الرحمـــــــــــن" اخــــــــــــــتيارا)). الا ان غياب دراسة ممنهجة لمفهوم الموجهات فيما توخيناه على الاقل, وانتماء جزء من مقولات نظرية التلقي الى ادبيات الخطاب الفني, وانغماس تفسير مواهب الرحمن في البحث العرفاني, كل ذلك مثل صعوبات ضاعفت الجهد وان لم تكن مخلة بعزيمتنا في انجازه.. واذ يقوم الطرح الذي تتبناه الدراسة على كشف موجهات التلقي بوصفها استراتيجيات خطابية, تتوسط الارسال والتلقي فان هذه التقنيات تنتج قصدية يسعى المؤلف اليها, وبتولد هذه الاشكالية فان دراستنا تهدف الى بيان المقاصد في ذلك الخطاب التفسيـري, على وفق محاور تمثلها, من حيث كونــها نصية وسياقية وبلاغية.. وقد قامت الدراسة على تمهيد وثلاثة فصول, سبقتها مقدمة, ولحقتها خاتمة, تلتها قائمة بالمصادر والمراجع, واذ تناول التمهيد اضاءات تعريفية بمفهوم الموجهات ونظرية التلقي ومفهوم الخطاب التفسيري الذي تبناه البحث, فضلا عن تعريف مختصر بالسيد عبد الاعلى السبزواري ومؤلفه, فقد جاء الفصل الاول بـعنوان : (الموجهات النصية), وقسم على مبحثين, سبقتهما توطئة, تتحدث عن اهمية الموجهات ودورها في تلقي النص، وتناول المبحث الاول الذي جاء بعنوان : (المصاحبات الموازية) العناوين الرئيسة والفرعية, في حين كان المبحث الثاني بعنوان : (المتتاليات الجملية). ووسم الفصل الثاني بـ(الموجهات السياقية), وقسم على ثلاثة مباحث, كان الاول منها بعنوان : (المواضعة التاريخية), والمبحث الثاني بعنوان : (الايديولوجيا موجها للتلقي), والثالث بعنوان : (التاويل موجها للتلقي), اما الفصل الثالث فعنوانه : (الموجهات البلاغية) وفيه مبحثان : تناول المبحث الاول (الظواهر البلاغية) فيما وسم المبحث الثاني (الحجاج موجها بلاغيا). كما اتقدم بوافر الشكر والامتنان الى استاذي المشرف السيد ا.د حسين علي الدخيلي , لقبوله الاشراف على هذا العمل , ولملاحظه السديدة ومتابعاته الدقيقة التي خدمت مسار البحث .وبعد.. فلا تسعني خاتمة هذه المقدمة التعريفية الا ان اقدم حمدا لا انقطاع له, ولا امد, الى مالك رقي على ما انعم وارفد, فما توفيقي الا به, عليه توكلت واليه انيب, فان اخطات, وتلك جبلة الانسان الناقص, فمن نفسي وان اصبت فمن الله عز شانه وجلت قدرته.. | The interpretive discourse has a great cognitive and creative value, therefore, the research sample ''Interpretation of the talents of Rahman for Sayyid Abdul - A'aLa Sabzawari'' has been chosen Because of its features that are unique to other interpretations in its wonderful style and diversity in dealing with topics.The researcher's selection of the title came to be (guides of reception in interpretive discourse : the talents of Rahman as achoice). The research paper consists of an introduction followed by three chapters and the bibliography.The introduction contains the definition of the guides ,aprecis about reception theory, the concept of introduction to the life Sayyid Sabzawari and his contribution .Chapter one is entitled '' textual guides'' and is divided in to two sections; the frist is ''parallel Accompaniers'' and the second is '' sentence sequences''. Chapter two is entitled ''contextual guides'' and is divided in to two second is ''AL - Hajaj as arhetorical guide''
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