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تاريخ الرسل والملوك لمحمد بن جرير الطبري مصدرا لدراسة سيرة الامام علي عليه السلام : دراسة نقدية تحليلية History Of The Apostles And The Kings By Muhammad Ibn Jarir Al - Tabari A Source To The Study Of The Biography Of Imam Ali (PBUH)

اسم المؤلف: ياسمين سالم مطرود سند

اسم المشرف: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is an endless sea that no one find its coasts. His followers and supporters wrote about him but did not give him what he really deserved. His enemies also recognized his unable to describe him. for he was as described by prophet Mohammad (PPBOH) where he addressed him " Ali , no one knows me except Allah and you , and no one knows Allah except me and you " There for , nothing is left to add to the importance of this great figure after all the many studies about it not only in history but also in politics , literature , philosophy , philology … etc.Biographies of many important Islamic figures were not correctly and realistically introduced because that information provided in the primary sources of history was not correct due to the deviation and change that the recording of history witnessed as is was directed by the wants and inclinations. Thus that recording changed and mentioned events that did not really exist. The result was a fake history.Imam Ali , the soul of immortal Islam , was main target of such intrigues and forgery. since the application of Islam did all their best to insert and distort the old and the new in this history As a result the error became the standard and the correct disappeared and for some people the correct accounts became something odd. So, there is an insisting need to purify our history of these baseless and incorrect accounts. This study is an attempt to treat such cases and a kind of contribution to this great project. The researcher chose to study Date of the Apostles and the Kings by Muhammad ibn Jarir al - Tabari source to study the biography of Imam Ali (PBUH) had a high statue and his Book was considered as the real Islamic history. we would not exaggerate to say that all who studied and are studying any topic in the Arabic Islamic history till the beginning of the 4th hijri century should behind success and fame of this book were that he collected before him in this single book whereas the other scholars distributed their efforts and materials in different books. consequently , his book remained and theirs were lost or their value was reduced. Besides , his students copied and saved his books because of his high scientific statue. A research should be conducted about this book to answer questions about its significance and how much the historical information mentioned in it is trustworthy. generally , the book contained interesting and serious religious and political historical events.this study attempts to criticize and analyze the texts that were stated in Al Tabaris book about Imam Ali and comparing them with the real history as stated in other sources. The accounts are also criticized and analyzed to falsify all that cannot be accepted in them. Them , the study sheds light on that book to see what history it has introduced as true and as untrue.The study is dividing in to an introduction three chapters and conclusion.the first chapter " imam Ali and his role in life of the prophet Mohammad (PPBUH) " in clouds two sections. The first section emphasizes some important events in the life of the Imam in mecca. section two deals with what the imam witnessed during his life after the death of the prophet till his rule as a khalifa the first section of the chapter discusses the events that the imam witnessed during the era of Abu Baker whereas the second one dealswith the most important questions that the imam witnessed during the era of Omar Bin Al - khattab The third section is a study of the events that the imam witnessed during the era of Othman Bin Aafan. Chapter three studies the events during the rule of imam Ali Bin Abi Talib (POBUH). In the First section of this chapter , the researcher studies the life of the imam from his homage till the Battle of Al - Gamal.section two is about the battle of saffeen. section three tackles the events that Al - Tabari mentioned in his book from Al nahrawan battle till the death of the imam. The most impotant can clusions that the study has arrived at are : Al - Tabari was not honest as a convegor of the historical material. He took from kooks of some authors and he mentioned their names but what he took was not the real product of those authors and manipulated the matirol to show what he wanted to show in his book. We found out in this study that Al - Tabari wrote a special book about the speech of Ghadeer khum in two big volumes , but unfortunately this book was lost. Al - Tabari was not neutral in conveying all the news that were related to a single event as it was expected. Rather , he was selective and chose some news and not the others though those others were agreed a pon.* Al - Tabari neglected the details of the correspondence between Mu, awia and mohammad Bin Abi Bakr when the latter was the ruler of Egypt. Those correspondences shed light on many historical events including aspects in the life of imam Ali.* Al - Tabari was submitted to the pressure of the public opinion in mere then one situation which reflected that he was influenced by a certain political trend or a certain wish or flattery or fear.As an example of this , he confessed that he neglected much of the news that were mentioned in many references about the conflict between Abu Dharr Al - Ghefari and Othman bin Aaffan and Mu,awia and his dependence or the tale of the so - called excusors only as represent by Saif bin Omar. But when he referred to the news that were against the enemies of Abu Dharr Al - Ghefari , he said that they were very news and he hated to mention them. this selectivity had great negative effect on his book " History of prophets and Kings ".*The book " History of prophets and kings " was considered as a reliable source for many of the historians after the time of Al - tabari. Most of them found it enough to depend on this book and very rarely they added to it like Ibn Al - Atheer , Ibn Katheer, Ibn haldun and others who limited them selves to what Al - Tabari selected of the cirtical and important situation that need more research and investing including the life of Imam Ali It is book was considered as the only outlet though which the lies of Siaf Bin Omar passed to the books of Islamic history. Further more , Al - Tabari adopted trans ferring some narratives and not the others. He claimed that the narrators were responsible f what they mentioned and not him. However , the researcher believes that he also should be taken as responsible. * The study also found out that homage of Imam Ali was not forced on people. Rather , they were convinced and satisfied. Besides , the Imam sent his rules to the regions before and after the Battle of Al - Gamal and not only before that battle as it was mistakingly proved.

الملخص:

المصادر:

معجم البلدان لياقوت الحموي مصدرا عن خطط البصرة واحوالها السياسية والاقتصادية من 14 - 132هـ / 635 - 749م Yaqut Al - Hamawis Dictionary Of Countries : A Source On Basrah'S Plans And Its Political And Economic Conditions 14 - 621 AH / 635 - 1224 AD)

اسم المؤلف: احمد وادي صالح الموسوي

اسم المشرف: مجيد ماجد محمد الزامل

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: To study the conditions of Basra civilization through books geographical and Albuldaniet in general, and through the book Dictionary of the countries of Yaqut alHamwi (d. 626 AH / 1229 AD) in particular, is the subject of study is of great importance because the book and its author well - known and known a lot among geographers and historians, as is obvious to a fame it enjoyed in medieval Islamic Basra, which still remain to this day. Adding to the importance of the subject use a lot of researchers of the book Dictionary of countries in defining and identifying the names of geographical places in the various university studies. It is during the course of the letter shows us that the article mentioned by Sapphire in his translations of the cities major Islamic is a substance variedand comprehensive study of the conditions of different conditions of these cities, and the most prominent cities of Basra, which occur Sapphire for their conditions of civilization the various centers in more often on the study of geography Basra and other cases their own, such as political, economic and other, and the source of his information on the visit comes through Mainath personal as it relied too much on the book Fattouh countries to Bladhira and others from other sources, and despite these advantages in the study of the conditions of Basra civilization, but I find some of the shortcomings encountered in substance Sapphire Basra on the conditions of civilization, and those issues that Sapphire is talking about the conditions of his time away from the historic era to see who wrote the Dictionary of countries and is the seventh century AH (615 - 621 AH), then it does not work on documenting his information through a series of this bond in the novel the necessary range historic run, but the remaining news for Sapphire Basra cultural conditions are important and valuable and precious, especially those which speak about the geography of Basra.We discussed the letter and chapters to talk about the geography of Basra to its importance for the study first and then we talked about the political conditions of Basra and then there was talk about the conditions of Basra Economic and physical, and dwell in her talk about the site of Basra and names, rivers and what was said in Basra of speeches, poetry and others, and the political situation we have studied the beginnings of the establishment of Basra, up to the end of the late Abbasid era, and As for the economicconditions and physical and we spoke about trade and markets and palaces in Basra and other attractions and other activities.For the sources approved by the message in the course we have here two books are important, benefiting Find a lot the first is a book study, (Dictionary of countries) of sapphire - Hamwi and the second is a book (Fattouh countries) for Bladhira, included the first book to talk about the conditions of Basra, cultural diversity and of the administrative, social and intellectual of Basra a truth information advantage by focusing on the geography of Basra from the terrain and climate and features of natural, such as mosques and thePalace is inclined, rivers, mountains, etc., as it dealt with the talk about the people of Basra and assets, as well as talk about the foreign elements that have provided Basra later, and also touched on the book to talk about the scientists and writers of visitors to Basra for the purpose of study and learning, which shows us the cultural development of Basra in Islamic times of successive, and the book (Fattouh countries) for Bladhira (d. 279 AH) is a valuable book talks about the news Fattouh, Basra and the geography and landmarks Urban, The significance of this book in the transfer of Sapphire for many of the stories and news from Basra about this book, as it is unique to the remembrance of news and stories, may not exist in other sources. The study found significant results on the conditions of Basra civilization of the most important that the accounts of the sapphire in this area minutes, especially those related to adjust the locations of places and places of geographical, as the Sapphire alHamwi was based in some of his novels on the book (the date of Basra) to Abu Yahya Zakaria Alsagii visual Shafei , which is one of the lost books that have not responded to us, as we came to an error to say that the Sapphire fanatic or sectarian in writing about cities andcountries, and finally say that the Basra study the conditions of civilization through the book Dictionary of countries is the study of simple and modest in the matter.

الملخص:

المصادر:

روايات دلائل النبوة قبل البعثة : دراسة تحليلية نقدية Tales Of Prophecy Evidence Before The Mission An Analytic Critical Study

اسم المؤلف: اكرم سعود حاجم

اسم المشرف: علـي غانم جثير

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The directories ( evidences) of the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (Allah’s blessing and peace be on him and his family) took an important space at the books of biography, We almost find them in all sources. But some scientists like Al - termthi , Bayhaqi , Abi Naim and al - Mawardi and others, have classified private books about the subject, named Indications (Dalaa’l ) or Flags of prophecy (A’laam Al - neboua’) - Discussed those particular directories - most of these books had just listed those recitals randomly without analysis or verification of authenticity. Their main task was to collect and save what was stated in the effects, and the ways in which and through it the recital had arrived, they sent us the historical material as raw material, leaving the task of investigation, analysis and investigation to the historians who come after them. We notice that these directories came into two sections : the first section of which was before the mission ( the Prophet’s mission),The second section was then ( after the mission ), and here we are to study the first section which relates to what it was before the mission ,to focus and highlight on the basics and the possibility of occurrence. In the most recitals about the Prophet's life before the mission was generally little , compared to what is stated for his life later. They talk about the long intervals of his life , but did not hear what was between - his birth to the revelation ( The Divine inspiration) - only a small fraction, and was what it relates of indications ,and much has been classified under this Title - The indications of the prophecy - have combined under a lot of news and stories that need to be screening to know and distinguish the strong or correct recitals from the weak or wrong recitals in the statement of the biography of the most important and the greatest man in history. The work in this research is to examine what came in the recitals about the indications of prophecy before the mission from different aspects, and trial the recitals that fall under this heading to what is in our hands from supporters or opposition, hoping to reach the result produced convincing us the results of this study.This search contained an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion. In Introduction we explain the importance of studying the Prophet's life and the nature of knowing its historical sources, which recitals have listed without analysis or merely simple comments do not fit the importance of the subject.Especially those which related to indications of prophecy before the mission, and then explained the way in which we will deal with recitals. After this Introduction , the first chapter ( Al - Bisharaat), in it we have begun to determine the topic of the research and then we divide it into three sections : In the first , we discussed the indications to the prophets that another prophet will come ( prophets’ Bisharaat) , while addressing the second part the indications to the people of the book that another prophet will come (people of the book’s Bisharaat) and the third part handled the Arabs monotheists ' Bisharat. The second chapter ( The visions and The predictions of soothsayers) which is also on the two themes : The first topic singled with visions, while the second section dealt with predictions of soothsayers. Chapter three ( The Miracles and AL - irhasaat) , was in two sections ,the first dealt with Miracles that may be were before the prophet’s mission and the second dealt with the Prophet's Miracle ( AL - irhasaat) - . Then we proved in the Conclusion the observations and the results that came out of research on these directories.In all cases, the conclusions of the historical researcher remain just relatively Facts. We ask Allah that we have been successful in the raised and discussed. Praise be to Allah, God of the Worlds

الملخص:

المصادر:

السياسة الداخليــة لحكومة الحزب الديمقراطي في تركيا 1950 - 1960 The Internal Policy Of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960

اسم المؤلف: عطارد عبد الامير حوشان

اسم المشرف: خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The thesis is The Internal Policy of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960because of the importance of this period in the interned policy of Turkey and the absence of an academic research in Iraqi libraries that converse that important political periodThe research in divided into an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with (the internal circumstance of Turkey after the Second World War 1945 - 1950). It explain the political and economic circumstances of Turkey and the motivations at to westernization.The first chapter studied The Internal Policy of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960. It focused on the political circumstances of Turkey and now the Democratic party got into power and the most important procedures it followed after getting into powerThe Second chapter dealt with (the Social and Economic Achievements of the Democrats , Government 1950 - 1960). It studied the economic situations of the country after the Domination , and its best economic achievements.Finally , chapter four included (27th may 1960 coup and the End of the Democratic Government). It dealt with the main reasons that lead the army to coup against the Democratic party.Thus even though the Democratic party was from its start in 1946 , a gathering of separated bureaucrats from People Republic party ) , it was able to win , through the elections of 1950 , overPeople Republic party. The reason was that the people of Turkey aimed to the democracy that the Democratic party called for since its nomination for the elections. In spite of that the Democratic party was not different in its philosophy from the six principles of the People Republic party it announced before twenty five years ago which are (republic , secularism, nationality , internationality , popularity and coup). It gave a new meaning for these principles especially the one related to (nationality) because the Democratic party aimed to liberal economic policy , which encouraged both foreign and private Turkish enterprises.The economic policy followed by the Democratic party after gaining power in 1950 helped to gain the support of the population. That policy was the main reason for its over whelming triumph in the elections of 1950 and 1954 , because the changes and developments witnessed in the economic field during the first half of the 1950 was clearly seer in the change that happened in the fields of agriculture industry and tradeIn fact the triumph of the Turkish Democratic party represents a peaceful revolution through the social changes that happened in the Turkish community especially that which brought back some of the traditions known in the ottoman period and were forbidden in Mustafa Kamal era. The leaders of the Democratic party found that the main reason for their over whelming triumph in the elections of 1950 was the farmers who voted intensely. And because these farmers were very religious , it was an obligation to satisfy them and facilitate their religious rituals In addition , Mandaris found that the communism ideas and principles were beginning to spread throughout Turkey especially in towns after the second World War and the triumph of the Soviet the union.so , Mandaris thought that religions faith could stand against communist in Turkey Mandaris expressed his indulgence towards Islam because that faith is the Turkish soul faith and that thise faith dosnt , have any relation to the system and positive laws of the reign.But his concept of religion and secularism , though was very easy for the educated people to realize ,was very difficult to accept or understand by the villagers who found in the days thereligious indulgence an indication of going balk to of caliphate. This causes the return and activation of religious rituals and courses as well as attacking secularism and demanding its abolition.Thus It can be said that the Democratic party didn’t neglect Ataturkism but it did its best to achieve its political benefits. this is manifested in its indulgence with the religious issue in Turkey throughout the years 1950 - 1960. It is very important to mention that reducing reservations in the multi - party period in general and especially in the period of the Democratic party prepared the conditions for Islam to play a very important role in Turkish policy Later on.The period of the Democratic party reign , on the other hand , witnessed a noticeable development in the field of education , though it was below the ambitions of the public because of the defect in the procedures. Never the less , secondary and higher education waitressed a noticeable development in the Democratic party period through the opening of many primary shads especially in the Turkish rural area that lacks them , and the increase of the number of students in primary and scandal schools , in addition to opening schools to train men of religion and opening new institutes and universities and sending missions to America. But this development doesn’t last for a long time. It stars to fail because of bad planning. The lack in the budget of the government caused inflation which affected education especially the educational faculty.It is right to say that the reach of the Democratic party to power in that period was appropriate for the country from the point of view of the Turkish people who was ambitious to get more freedom. The public was also ambitious to make social, economic and political changes away from the reality the country was suffering from. That is why the Democratic government depended , from its tart , on the support of the Turkish people , especially after the multi - party system that the country witnessed , and after the religious , social and economic changes that got theacceptance of the Turkish community , especially with the religious freedom in the country nevertheless the party couldn’t continue the triumphs it witnessed at the beginning of its reign especially after the economic failures of the country in the last years of the Democratic reign , that is after 1955.The regress of some of the educational institutions contributed to stir up the university student who became after that one of the reasons for the coup of 1960.Finally , all these procedures contributed to deteriorate the popularity of the Democratic party who tried to avoid its effects by advancing the date of public election in 1957 instead of 1958. It insisted on suppressing and restraining the opposition and limiting press freedom in addition to its policy in involving the army in politics. All these procedures lead to deepen the social, political and economic crises. These reasons caused the army to intrude and lead the coup of 27 May 1960 and the end of the Democratic party Government.Thus , When the Democratic party got into power it achieved. what the public looked for in that period. Although the end of its reign happened because of some failures , this doesn't mean that the party didn’t make social , economic and political change in the country , Especially that its reign caused a basic changes in the Turkish policy which kept off from the single party system and was recognized by the multi party policy which Turkey never witnessed before the reach of the Democratic party into power , in addition to what have been mentioned of the economic social and other military developments. Thus the period of the Democratic party was one of the important periods in Turkish history which needs study

الملخص:

المصادر:

العثمانية : دراسة تاريخية في الاتجاهات السياسية والميول الفكرية حتى سنة 60هـ

اسم المؤلف: عبد المنعم عبد الجبار علي جعفر

اسم المشرف: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني 1939 - 1944م The Conditions Of Jews In Poland Through The German Occupation 1939 - 1944

اسم المؤلف: محمد قاسم علوان البهادلي

اسم المشرف: فوزي خلف شويل

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تناول هذه الدراسة موضوع تاريخي مهم، يتمثل في احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني (1939 - 1944). وتركزت اهمية الموضوع في تحليل طبيعة السياسة التي انتهجها قادة اليهود البولنديين في تعاملهم مع المحتلين الالمان واثر ذلك على السكان اليهود والمجتمع البو | This study addressed the topic of important historical, It is the conditions of the Jews in Poland during the German occupation (1939 - 1944). The importance of the subject centered in the analysis of the nature of the policy that pursue it by the leaders of the Polish Jews in their dealings with the German occupiers and its impact on the Jewish population and the Polish society in general, and clarify the behavior patterns and their intellectual transformations, and political, ideological dimensions associated with German policy. As well as clarify attitude the parties and organizations of the Jewish and the Jewish population in dealing with these, response, rejection, and adaptable, as well as know closely on the nature of the racist behavior of systems and laws of the German occupation and the extent of its impacts on the Jewish population in Poland, and how power and influence of the international attitude.The study was divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter show conditions of Jews in Poland the economic, social, cultural, educational and political under the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).Second Chapter Studied German occupation policy toward the Jews in Poland in the domain of political, economic, health and the circumstances that led to the formation of the Poilsh - Jewish councils and practices it of the policy of occupation against the Jewish population and the role of the Jewish police in that during (1939 - 1942). The third chapter addressed across four researches of Jewish insurgency movement that objection to policies Council and the Jewish police, then limited this role on a small group of Jews in 1943, whose did not welcome popularly, and attitude the power of occupation from the rebels Jews such as close the Warsaw Ghetto and so on. The third research discussed the role of the Polish ghettos except the Warsaw Ghetto in the armed movement against the German occupation. The fourth research the attitude of the Polish government in exile of the conditions of Jews in Poland.The fourth Chapter addressed destiny Polish Jews after the end of the ghettos, and clarify the role of the Polish underground to help Jews escapees whose hiding in the forests and cities that they thought it that safe from occupation, and studied the third research the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, to be this research pioneer the third research which dealt with the role Jews in the Warsaw Uprising then it did not notice the desired role despite Polish support to Jews during rebellion April, 1943. The conclusion focused on the most important conclusions that output from the study.

الملخص:

المصادر:

النبي ابراهيم الخليل (عليه السلام) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية The Prophet Abraham In The Holy Koran

اسم المؤلف: حيدر حسين حمزة سلمان الشريفي

اسم المشرف: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2011

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: There is no doubt that Koran is one of the historical sources whereas every thing mentioned is true no thing but true. therefore , we have based on the Koranic texts to study the character of the prophet (Abraham) (God's blessing and peace be upon him). The study included four chapters : - In the first chapter , we have studied the prophet (Abraham) father's name , whether it is Azir or Tarih ? we proved that all the prophets' fathers (God's blessing and peace be upon them) were monotheists , no one of them was a polytheist , also we clarified that " Abuladhiayf " and " Abualbusharatain" are two of his epithets.In the second chapter , we have mentioned his many attributes , whereas he might be the prophet who holds the most attributes , who was afflicted by God in many issues , the preferred friend of his God , the groaned who feared his God in all conditions , the patient who handled the difficult issues with patience , the repentant who invoked God a lot , the good example to other prophets , the veracious not the liar as what was declared that "he lied three times " ? , the sincere and the loyal to his God who was very hospitable to his guests and the prayer who was praying a lot. He was calling people to worship God by performing prayers and asking God to keep him away from idols worshipping and sedition , make people hearts take the side of his progeny and asked God the repentance for him and his parents.We have proved the incorrectness of some of what was attributed to him such as (fear , apprehension and devoutness) by stating that he was sent by God and that intended fear is in the human self and exists in every human being.In the third chapter , we have stated that the prophet (Abraham) was in a good social standing otherwise , how could he married two wives , one lived in Kan'an and the other lived in Mecca. In the fourth chapter , we have stated that the year of his death wasn’t mentioned in the holy Koran but there was a mentioning in the Koran refers to the prophet's (Abraham) will for his sons and grandsons to keep believing in the religion of fathers and forefathers which is religion of Islamic. The second chapter : the progeny of the prophet Abraham We have discussed the subjects of the progeny , its definition and the Koranic verses which stated the concept of progeny , thus , we have divided progeny into two types : good and bad The good progeny are the prophets , sons of Abraham such as Isaac , Esau , Jacob , Josef , Moses , Jesus , Elia , Eliash , Lot and Mohammed (God may bless them ).While the Koranic expositors mentioned no names of the bad progeny and what we have found "transgressors who make mischief and act wickedly on the earth " only. In the view of the fact that the wife is the base for the progeny , therefore we studied Sara 4 and we stated that some of her attributes are performing prayers , giving birth after menopause and also we stated how she buffeted her face after knowing that she was pregnant. Hajir , was the woman whom the prophet Abraham brought her to Mecca to build the Kaaba and perform prayers , therefore she wasn’t the bondwoman as described by the weak - minded who don’t follow proof. By Koranic evidential verses , we have stated many times that his sons are Isaac (the sacrificed - who was about to be slaughtered by his father Abraham as a sacrifice to God) , prophet Esau ( the promising in science ) and Jacob was the grandson of Abraham , thereupon his will of Islam was for them. Furthermore , we mentioned the subject of the descendants of prophet Jacob because they are the progeny (descendants) of Abraham and their father is prophet Jacob.Moreover , we have clarified the concept of descendants , progeny (followers) and the Shiites from his posterity and we stated that they were the Muslims who followed and imitated him and his way of worship , and the worthiest person who has the right to inherit prophet Abraham is prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny).The third chapter : - Faith of Abraham's father and his people.In this chapter , we studied the subject of Abraham's father's faith , we stated how he argued with his father about his peoples' idols , describing these idols and asking God's forgiveness to his father for not abandoning his people's idols.Also , we referred to proofs refers that the prophet Abraham's father was a believer basing on what were mentioned in the Koranic texts , and we mentioned that all the prophets' fathers are virtuous and purified and not disbelievers.In the subject of his peoples' faith , we mentioned the kinds of deities they had such as idols , images and gods , moreover , we described these deities , their inability to speak where they can't talk , hear , see , help and harm. At the end of his mission , the prophet started to dispute them , when he found that they would not understand him , he destroyed their idols to let them see the fact that their idols are incapable even to defend their selves , consequently they build a high building , piled up wood and burnt him but the God's almighty saved him. The fourth chapter : - prophet Abraham's faith In this chapter , we proved with evidences that he was a Muslim and was believing in God (Allah) , doomsday and Day of Resurrection. then we stated the meaning of uprightness (Hanafiah ) and upright ( Hanafi) , we said that it’s the religion of Abraham which is ( worshiping Allah , staying away and abandoning polytheism , and he is innocent from being a Jew (on the religion of Judaism ) or a Christian (on the religion of Christianity) but he is a Muslim (on the religion of Islam ) Moreover , we stated that the uprights are the people who abandoned their people's belief , idols worship , eat dead animals and submit sacrifice for idols , warn people not to kill the female infants , who said that we worship the God of Abraham and started to dishonor their people for not worshiping God. In addition to that , we clarified that there was a connection between all religions and we said that the prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny) was on the religion of Abraham.We mentioned in this chapter that he is the obedient slave to Allah , he immigrated by the order of God to the blessing land - Mecca - and his worship to Allah is a worship by nature.We mentioned that he is the disputer prophet who defended prophet Lot and his people , he was described as the prophet whom God sent down books to him and we mentioned what were cited in these books from verses , parables and wisdoms and we stated that it is a self - purification from doubts by performing worships. Further more , we indicated to the prayer , we said that it is the base in all religions and this religious duty was performed by the prophet according to what was mentioned in Koran and Torah. While the Imamate of the prophet was the last thing sent down by Allah to Abraham after praying and invoking Allah. Because of its importance , we said that the prophet wasn’t content with Imamate for himself but he asked it for his progeny and he was the first prophet who held this basic element (Imamate).In the end of this study , we revealed the more illustrated results which are : his father wasn’t a disbeliever but a believer , he is the most attributed prophet in the holly Koran , he was asking a lot God's forgiveness to his father , he disputed with his people about their idols revealing to them that they hear , see , harm and help nothing.He was the first prophet who destroyed his people idols and his religion was Islam

الملخص:

المصادر:

رؤيـة ابن منظور للامام علي بن ابي طالب (صلوات الله عليه) : دراسـة فـي معجـم لسان العـرب Ibn Mandhour'S Own Vision Of Imam Ali Bin Abi - Talib "God'S Prayers Be Upon Him ( A Study In Lisan Al - Arab Dictionary

اسم المؤلف: قصي عبد الصمد عبد الحي ياسين

اسم المشرف: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميريكية تجاه القضية الالمانية 1969 - 1974 في ضوء الوثائق الاميريكية The Policy Of United States Of America Towards The German Question (1969 - 1974) (In Terms The American Documents)

اسم المؤلف: عبادي احمد عبادي

اسم المشرف: كاظم باقر علي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The Present dissertation aims at studying the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969 - 1974 , and knowing the causes and the affections that made it to adopt this policy. It presents the affections of the United States policy in the political statement in Germany, especially the development of the political relations with the Federal Germany because of the American Administration disagreement to consider the Democratic Germany as an independent state. United States of America refused to establish a diplomatic relations with Democratic Germany. The present study illustrates that United States of America has diplomatic relations with the Federal Germany only. It sheds light on the policy of some other countries towards the German question,especially the Soviet Union. The American Policy towards the German question cannot be understood and followed unless the policy of the other countries should be dealt with since the policy of these countries affects, and it is affected with such a matter is resulted from the interrelation among the political and historical events in this respect. Some questions concerning the topic have been asked and the researcher tries to answer this questions.The study starts with 1969 which is the beginning of Nixon’s presidency in United States of America and Brandt as the Chancellor of Federal Germany.Their are began as a (( New Era )) in the political relationships between the East and the West that based on the cooperation instead of being so strict in order to find a score solution to the important political questions like the German question. In addition to this, they adopted such policy to decrease the tension and to support the security and peace in Europe. 1974 Comes as the end of the present study with the end of the Nixon’s and Brandt’s Presidency.The dissertation consists of an introduction , four Chapters, conclusions and appendances. The First chapter is considered as an introduction to the topic in order to know the historical origins of the American policy towards the German question throughout the historical development of this policy and it’s affections in the development of the political and the economic situations in Germany and the relationship with the Great States, especially the relationship with the Soviet Union and the Countries that have legitimacy to rule Germany as Occupation forces. It is the matter that initiates for the competition between the two forces concerning the power in territories in Europe generally and in Germany particularly, According to the competition between United States of America and the Soviet Union, The Cold War break out. The Cold War that happened caused the division of Germany into two countries and crystallized the establishment of the Federal Germany 1949. The Federal Germany has been rearmed and accepted to be a member in NATO in 1955. United States did so in order to prevent the Russian leverage in Western Europe. It can be also considered as an advanced centre to defend the American interests in this region. the Soviet Union established the Democratic Germany in 1949 Which has been rearmed and accepted as a member in Warsaw Pact in 1955. The Chapter concentrated on the American policy towards Berlin Crisis in 1958 and it’s results in constricting Berlin Wall in 1961. The Chapter dealt with all the reasons behind the failure reunifying Germany. The Chapter dealt with the causes and the variables that made United States of America re - estimating it’s policy towards the Soviet Union after Berlin Crisis. And the influence of the American policy on the policy of the Federal Germany before the presidency of Nixon. The second Chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969. It explains the influence of Nixon’s presidency in the diplomatic relations towards the Soviet Union and is reflections on the German question. The researcher, In this chapter, focuses on the reasons and motivations that made Nixon adapting such a policy and implementing it towards the Soviet Union. The chapter dealt with the policy of United States towards the second Crisis of Berlin in 1969 and the initiation ofthe diplomatic interaction between Nixon and the Soviet Leaders in order to reach at a suitable solution concerning the political questions that disturb both sides. The chapter dealt with the election of the Parliament in Federal Germany.The results of election Brandt’s success to be Chancellor. Brandt declares that he will adopt the policy of Ostpolitik with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe in order to establish the bridge of trust and communication and to find a peaceful settlement for the German question and to end the tension and to support security in Europe. The chapter illustrated the reasons and the strategic targets that made Federal Germany adopting the policy of Ostpolitik with the East. The chapter focused on the American position towards the declaration of the policy of Ostpolitik which made United States feels anxious about it’s interests because of the policy of Federal Germany. In the same time, the chapter explains the causes that made United States supporting the Ostpolitikwith the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe countries. The chapter dealt with the positions of the other big notions toward the Ostpolitik in order to understand the American position as a result to the influence of these positions in the German question.The Third chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1970 - 1971. The chapter dealt with negotiations between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland and the Democratic Germany and The American Position towards it. However the American Position is characterized with supporting the negotiations. The chapter focused on the American position towards the “Agreement of Moscow” between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union in the 12th of August 1970 and the “Agreement of Warsaw” between the Federal Germany and Poland in the 7th of December 1970, concerning the refreshment of the political relationships and the recognition of the border lines at that time. These two agreements are considered as turning points in the history of policy between the east and the west of Europe. Accordingly, United States re - estimated it’s diplomacy to suite the new conditions in the constriction of the political relationships with European Countries especially with its main ally, Federal Germany. This matter is embodied with the issue of a group of principles to guide the policy from the American interests in Europe and Federal Germany. The chapter dealt with the negotiations among the Four Power States in order to improve the conditions inWestern Berlin with reference to the exchange of drafts in this concern between the United States and Soviet Union and the role of Federal Germany in compromising between them. As a result, the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was a signed in the 3rd of September 1971 concerning Western Berlin. This agreement smoothed the way in front of establishing diplomatic relations and removing the obstructions between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany, so the agreement between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany was signed in the 17th of December 1971. The last chapter focused on the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1971 - 1974. It emphasized on the American policy towards the relationships between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany and the certification on the agreement of Moscow and Warsaw respectively in the Bundstag. United States exploited the attitude of the Soviet Union in the certification of the agreements to end the military aggravation in southern - east of Asia especially stop fighting in Vietnam. The chapter dealt with the role of United States and the Soviet Union in encouraging both the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany to finish their negotiations to reach at signing the basic agreement in the 21st of December 1972. This agreement recommends that both countries should normalized the political relationships between each other. The Four Power States issued (( the Four Power Declaration)) in 1972 which emphasized the upholding of including the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany in United Nations. This prepared the floor to accept them as equal members in United Nations in the 18th of September 1973. This step is followed by the diplomatic representation between the two countries in the 14th of March 1974. The Federal Germany established diplomatic relationships with all countries in the East of Europe including Czechoslovak throng the signing of a agreement of Prague in the 8th of December 1973. The chapter contains the reasons behind Nixon’s and Brandt’s resignation in 1974.

الملخص:

المصادر:

روايات اهل الكتاب للسيرة النبوية (حتى عهد البعثة) Tales Of Book People Of Prophetical Biography Till Age Of Mission

اسم المؤلف: مخلد ذياب فيصل الجبر

اسم المشرف: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

نور الدين الحلبي : دراسة تحليلية في كتابه انسان العيون في سيرة الامين المامون Noor Al - Dean Al - Halabi And His Book "Insan Al - Oyon Fi Searat Al - Amean Al - Ma'Moon

اسم المؤلف: دنيا عبد علي الشمري

اسم المشرف: علـي غانم جثير

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2013

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

مدينة ريدان : دراسة تاريخية في احوالها العامة A Historical Study of The Public Affairs In The City of Raydan

اسم المؤلف: سلامة عبد الرضا حسين

اسم المشرف: ايمان شمخي جابر المرعي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ العربي قبل الاسلام

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Kings , nobles and tribes of old Yemen looked upon the famous city of Raydan as very important and they struggled for a long time to be kings of Saba and owners of Raydan. Accordingly , who could control that land and had the two titles would have very great power. Yemeni researchers who tackled the subject of Raydan were not so specializedand they did not talk about the ancient Raydan because it was originaly part of the old strong kingdom of Saba and had alliance and treaties with the Sabaeen. It was also noticed that this city had tow names : Raydan and Dhafar like , for example , Sanaa ( another Yemeni city ) which was also called Azal.Raydan had an important strategic and economic location because it controlled the most important trade routes and ports ; the most active among which were those on the eastern coast of the Red Sea.Consequently , it was the focus of greed and struggle among internal and external powers to control its territories and get its economic resources. Raydan was also agriculturally distinguished by its gradated plains like hanging gardens.The researcher chose this subject because of the importance of the city in the past and the little study about it and to show its role among other ancient cities , to highlight the stages through which it changed its boarders according to its changing political power , and finally to identify the origin of the name Raydan.The study is made up of four chapters with two sections for each one ( except the third chapter which contains three sections ). In chapter one ( Geographical - Historical Approach ) , the first section deals with the geography of Raydan as far as its name , location and neighbouring cities are concerned. It also describes the nature and location of Raydan in relation to Yemen. Its geographical relief was made of mountains , and valleys. Its climate was that of the whole region. Section tow deals with the history of political history and role in the Sabaa - Hemyar struggle that started at the beginning of the first century when Raydan was weak and divided.Chapter two is devoted to the social affairs in Raydan. The first section ( Social and Administrative Affairs ) is about the population in the old Yemeni society which consisted of the tribes that constituted the people. Besides , the society was divided into two classes : The higher and the lower and the other categories were all between those two.The section also discussed Al - Athwa' and Al - Aqyal within the administrative system of the Yemeni society because it was a social status as well. Section tow sheds light on the structure of the family in old Yemen concerning issues of marriage , divorce , children , the house , furniture , ornamentation , habits and customs including greeting ,hospitality , names , circumcision , medication by plants , crying and lamentation and interest in sorcery and tomb building.Chapter three ( Economic Affairs ) consists of three sections. Section one ( Trade ) discusses land and sea trade routes , the most important old ports , exports and imports , and taxes in Raydan. Section two ( Agriculture ) talks about crops and animals. Section three (Industry ) talks about industries of minerals , textile and some other ones.In chapter four ( Religion ) , section one ( Paganism ) talks bout worship of natural phenomena and of idols.Section two ( Monotheism ) talks about doctrine of monotheism , Judaism and Christianity.The most important conclusions of the study are : 1. Raydan ( Dhafar ) witnessed a struggle between the Raydanian and Al - Ahbash. That struggle was not religious as some tried to show. Rather , it was economic and political in the first place.It was provocated by Bezentia that supported Al - Ahbash to save its economic interests in the area and to maintain its influence and control over the trade route that led to India through the Red Sea (Galzam ).2. Raydan was the first Yemeni city that witnessed massacre of the Christians because it was the centre of Christianity. Christians of Yemen were not the only who were killed and tortured in Yemen.All foreign Christians were also killed and tortured. Due to that , the Christians stood beside Thi Nawas and supported him in his position as a sign to express their nationality.3. All those events led to the fall of state of Hemyar and destruction of Raydan by Al - Ahbash who made use of the weakness and conflicts in the country of the independence of every prince in his area to gain his personal interests , and of the weakness of the central power and the economic detorieration that inflicted the state at the end of the fifth century because of the political disputes and the foreign intervention by Al - hbash and the Bezentians in all affairs of the country.

الملخص:

المصادر:

التطورات السياسية في امارتي الدانوب (ولاشيا ومولدافيا) والموقف الدولي منها 1881 - 1848

اسم المؤلف: فهد عويد عبد عايد

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

بنيامين فرانكلين حياته ودوره في استقلال الولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1706 - 1790 : دراسة تاريخية Benjamin Franklin And His Role In American Independence (1706 - 1790) : A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: علي شخير نفل خليبص العتبي

اسم المشرف: هلال ثجيل جلوي الخفاجي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

دور المؤسسة الدينية في السياسة الداخلية الايرانية 1941 - 1963 Role of The Religious Institution In The Internal Iranian Politics (1941 - 1963)

اسم المؤلف: علاء رزاك فاضل النجار

اسم المشرف: باسم حمزة عباس

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2010

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

بنو العباس ودورهم في الحياة العامة منذ عصر الرسالة حتى نهاية العصر الاموي

اسم المؤلف: مهدي صالح لفتة سلمان الخفاجي

اسم المشرف: صبيح نوري خلف الحلفي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2012

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للبنات - قسم التاريخ

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

علاقة البطالمة مع بلاد الشام وشبه الجزيرة العربية The Relationship of Battalma With Al - Sham Country And Arabian Peninsula

اسم المؤلف: سلام عبد الامير حمزة

اسم المشرف: سهيلة مرعي مرزوق

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2010

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

الغدر في الدولة العربية الاسلامية مـن صدر الاسلام حتى نهاية الدولة الاموية عام 132 هــ / 749 م

اسم المؤلف: زينب جاسم حسن البهادلي

اسم المشرف: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2009

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

الحياة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في مؤلفات الجاحظ : دراسة تاريخية Social And Economic Life As Revealed In Al - Jahidh's Works : Historical Studies

اسم المؤلف: زاجية عبد الرزاق حسن

اسم المشرف: مجيد ماجد محمد الزامل

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2009

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

مدائن صالح : دراسة تاريخية Madin Salih : Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: حسن ثاجب محيل الركابي

اسم المشرف: سهيلة مرعي مرزوق

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2011

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

النص الكامل من المصدر: http://cloud.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/2021/09/10/8488%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%BA%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D8%AE%D9%85.pdf

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

الاغتيالات السياسية في الاندلس حتى نهاية دولة الموحدين (97 - 620 هــ / 715 - 1223 م) Political Assassinations In Andalusia Till The End of Al - Muwahideen (Montheist) (97Ah - 620 Ah / 715 Ad - 1223 AD)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد الرزاق جعفر العلي

اسم المشرف: مؤيد ابراهيم محمد العيداني

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

جعفر بن ابي طالب عليه السلام ودوره في الهجرة والجهاد Jaafar Bin Abi Talibe (Peace Be Opon Him) : A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: محسن مشكل فهد الحجاج

اسم المشرف: عبد الفتاح عبد الله محمود

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2009

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

السيرة النبوية : دراسة في الرواية البصرية حتى منتصف القرن الثالث الهجري

اسم المؤلف: علاء حسن مردان اللامي

اسم المشرف: شاكر مجيد كاظم الحواني

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

تاريخ الحركة الرياضية في البصرة بين عامي 1921 - 1958 The History of Sport Movement In Basra 1921 - 1958

اسم المؤلف: احمد صفاء سوده

اسم المشرف: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر:

صفاقس : دراسة في الاحوال الاقتصادية والفكرية في القرنين الثاني والثالث الهجريين / الثامن والتاسع الميلاديين Astudy of Economic And Intellectual Conditions In Safaqis During The Second And Third Hijri Centuries / 8Th And 9Th A.C Centurie

اسم المؤلف: اثير عبد الكريم صادق عبد الواحد العلوان

اسم المشرف: عصام كاطع داود الشويلي

الموضوع العام: التاريخ

السنة: 2011

الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

الملخص:

المصادر: