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تحليل الاضطراب لتوربينة الرياح المربوطة مع منظومة القدرة == Disturbance Analysis of A Wind Turbine Connected With Power System

Author name: احمد نجم عبد الامير
Supervisor name: كنعان علي جلال
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نظرا لزيادة الطلب على الطاقة في السنوات الاخيرة نتيجة للتوسع السكاني والصناعي ولتقليل التلوث الناتج من الوقود التقليدي والحفاظ على البيئة مما دعت الحاجة الى استخدام مصادر بديلة للطاقة, والتي يجب ان تمتاز بعدة ميزات اهمها انها صديقة للبيئة وغير قابلة للنفا | According to increasing the demand for energy in recent years as a result of the expansion of the population and to reduce pollution from conventional fuels, the need arises to find alternative sources of energy which must be characterized by several features, most important of which is friendly to the environment and sustainable. In this work, the effect of different types of disturbances on the performance of fixed speed of wind turbine generator type Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) connected to the power system has been investigated, because it has features which make the best choice in some cases, despite the less efficiency compared with other types of generators. Also, this work aims to study and analysis the effect of (STATCOM) on the wind turbine generators because of its advantages in improving voltage stability of the grid and improving the quality of the productive power. The proposed work is performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The intelligent systems have been used to obtain the best performance in terms of extracting more power from wind energy as well as increase the stability of system in situations of disturbances and the results obtained have been compared with conventional control systems.Three types of controllers are proposed in this work; the first controller is the Proportional - Integral (PI) based on classical trial and error method, the second controller is PI - controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique for optimal tuning (gain) to improve the performance of the system. The results obtained proved that the PI - controller based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is better than based on trial and error method. The third controller is (Nonlinear Auto regressive - Moving Average) NARMA - L2 based on (PSO). Finally, the results of the proposed controllers show that NARMA - L2 controller is more effective on the stabilization and improves the performance of the system compared with PI - PSO controller

تقييم اداء المسافية بوجود اجهزة FACTS == Distance Protection Performance Evaluation In Presence of Facts Devices

Author name: امير عقيل محمد
Supervisor name: قيس متي الياس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: With limited enhancement or expansion of the transmission infrastructure, the contemporary power systems are operating under more stressed conditions. It becomes important to fully utilize the existing transmission system to supply load demand as much as possible, thus eliminating or reducing the need for new transmission investment. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology provides a method to fully utilize the existing transmission lines as well as new and upgraded lines. However, the implementation of FACTS devices in the transmission system has introduced new power system dynamics that must be addressed in the area of power system protection, such as rapid changes in line impedance, line current and voltage. This thesis reports the results of comprehensive study carried out to explore the impact of mainly two of the FACTS devices, Static Synchronous Compensator 'STATCOM' and Unified Power Flow Controller 'UPFC', on the distance protection relaying system in order to identify important issues that protection engineers need to consider, that is during the stages of design and operation of the protection system. Simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK. First, the distance relay has been modeled and validated with FACTS device models using test systems from literature. Then the distance relay performance is analyzed and evaluated for various fault and loading conditions in the presence of FACTS devices. A comprehensive study and results for one of the Iraqi 400kV transmission lines (KDS4 - NSRP transmission line) are presented and useful recommendations can be presented to the General Directorate of electrical Power Transmission for Middle Euphrates region / Iraqi Ministry of Electricity. II Abstract Generally, the results show that the apparent impedance seen by the distance relay would be different from that of the system without FACTS devices. Due to this, the distance relay may malfunction, resulting in undependable operation of the power system protection during faults. Furthermore, the results show clearly the dependency of the distance relay operation on many design and operational factors. These include the FACTS device type and its use purpose, the FACTS device connection point or location, the fault type and fault point location along the line, the power flow,...etc.

تحسين استقرارية منظومة الشبكة العراقية (kV 400) باستعمال افضل جهاز من اجهزة ال FACTS == Stability Improvement of The (400kV) Iraqi Grid Using The Best FACTS Device

Author name: شيماء شكري عبد الحليم
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد الربيعي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر نظام القدره الكهربائيه من الانظمه الضخمه والمعقده لاحتوائها على عدد كبير من محطات التوليد وخطوط النقل واجهزة السيطرة لذلك فانه يخضع الى تغيرات مفاجئه في مستويات الحمل، حيث اصبح من الصعب جدا الحفاظ على نظام مستقرمع التغيرات التي يشهدها النظام, لذلك | Electrical power system has become large and complicated so it is susceptible to sudden changes in load levels. Stability is an important concept which determines the stable operation of power system.The modern trend is to employ Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices in the system for effective utilization of transmission resources. The FACTS devices contribute to power flow improvement besides they extend their services in transient stability improvement as well, study and analyze the stability of system through rotor angle and voltage. The objective of this work is to improve the transient stability of the Iraqi National Super Grid System (INSGS) by using best FACTS device in different optimal locations under fault conditions. Two test systems are studied, the first system is IEEE 9 - bus test system, and the second system is the Iraqi (400 kV) electrical network 24 - bus bars, three phase to ground fault, temporary fault and permanent fault are tested. The load flow program was implemented using Newton - Raphson method and the numerical solutions of non - linear differential equations are solved using Trapezoidal method. The programs that are used in this work are implemented using MATLAB 7.12.0(R2011a) package based on Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT version 2.1.6)software.copyright © 2002 - 2010 by Federico Milano as Graphical User Interface. A comparison has been made between five types of FACTS (UPFC, SSSC, TCSC, SVC, STATCOM) at optimal locations of the Iraqi grid and 9 - bus test system to get optimal FACTS devices by (voltage stability and rotor angle stability). The results obtained show that Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is an optimal device for improvement the stability by damping the voltage and rotor angle oscillations.

التركيب السليكوني النانوي في الخلايا الشمسية == Nanostructured Silicon Based On Solar Cells

Author name: نور احمد سلمان
Supervisor name: ثائرة زكريا الطيار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الخلايا الشمسية تكنولوجيا واعدة وقابلة للتجديد حيث ازداد الطلب عليها نتيجة لزيادة الاهتمام بالطاقة الكهروضوئية. ان التحسين المستمر لكفاءة الخلايا الشمسية بايجاد التقنيات والمفاهيم الجديدة يجب ان يمتد على نحو متزايد باعتبارها واحدة من اهم مصادر الط | The demand for solar cells has been growing rapidly with an increasing social interest in photovoltaic energy. The improvement of energy conversion efficiency of solar cells is performed by developing the technology and concepts that have been increasingly extended as one of the key components in our future global energy supplement. But, the main problem of photovoltaic modules are their rather high production and energy cost. Three generations of solar cell technologies have been established in the previous century.Nanostructured silicon substrates based on p - type crystalline Silicon (c - Si) have been prepared in this work. Electrochemical Etching (ECE) of the Silicon (Si) wafers in Hydrofluoric (HF) acid was employed to synthesize porous layers consisting of silicon nanostructures. The process was carried out at different etching time and different current densities which are considered as effective parameters in ECE process. It is found that a homogeneous porous layer could be obtained with porosity value of (87%) when the current density is (60 mA/ cm2) and the etching time of (10 min). Among the Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) materials available, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films show promising electrical and optical properties in combination with low cost alternatives. It can function as Anti - Reflecting Coating (ARC), window material, transparent electrode and active layer in heterojunction solar cells. n - type ZnO thin films are grown on p - type nanostructured silicon substrates by using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique with Q - switching Nd : YAG laser beam Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) [?=(532 nm), number of pulses (140) pulses, and laser energy (820 mJ)], vacuum of (10 - 3 Torr), ambient oxygen pressure of (10 - 1 Torr), and substrate temperature of (400 °C). The morphological, optical, chemical and structural properties were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Ultraviolet - Visible (UV - VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X?Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively.Surface morphology and optical properties results show densely packed highly crystalline growth of ZnO thin film on nanostructured silicon substrate grown at optimum condition with an average grain size around (88.57 nm). The average roughness, root mean square, and ten - point height estimated from AFM quantitative analysis, are found to be (3.02 nm), (3.62 nm), and (8.76nm) respectively. The thickness is calculated and found to be (100 nm). The film shows high transparency (above 80%) and the estimated Energy - gap (Eg) is found to be about (3.4 eV). This is important for its applications as transparent conductive films and solar cell windows. The chemical and structural properties results characterize ZnO at (420 cm - 1) and (766 cm - 1) absorption bands respectively and the thin film is polycrystalline with hexagonal Wurtzite structure.

تصميم وتنفيذ ذراع الي موجه عن طريق اشارة تخطيط العضلات باستخدام المتحكم الدقيق == Design And Implementation of A Robot Arm Driven By EMG Signal Based On Microcontroller Unit

Author name: انس عبد الحميد كاظم
Supervisor name: خالدة شعبان رجب
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر اشارة (EMG) هي الاشارة المكتشفة على سطح الجلد فوق العضلة والمتولدة من مصدر المجال الكهريائي عند التقلص العضلي. الاشارة العضلية بصورة رئيسية في مجالين : تشخيص الخلل العضلي واشارة تحكم لسياقة ذراع الي، يستخدم الذراع الالي المساق بواسطة الاشارة العضلي | Electromyogram (EMG) is a signal detected on the skin above a muscle and generated by sources of electric field within the muscle during contraction. EMG signal is used mainly in two fields; Muscle disorder diagnostic and control signal for driving robotic arm. The robot arm driven by EMG is used as a remote control in hazard places or as prosthesis part for limbs of disabled. The first part presents placing array of EMG electrode on two muscles and measure the EMG signal, design acquisition circuit to optimize the EMG signal for two muscles; hardware circuit that designed will eliminate the noise resulting from cable, electrodes, 50Hz and aliasing. In order to monitor and record EMG signal, Data Acquisition System (DAQ) is designed for this purpose using Arduino platform, which gives the ability to deal with signal. The real time signal was taken from three persons with different weights and ages. The second part includes a proposed design of digital filter with windowing and applying to real time signal to compare the results for many times of orders and types of windowing in order to meet the best criteria. The FIR filter with 8th order will be chosen as digital filter with Hann windowing that is apply to eliminate the EMG noise that is caused from many sources and results optimum EMG signal that is used to control robot arm, implementing digital filter characteristic into dsPIC30F4013 which it signal processing microcontroller and using the filtered signal to control the robot arm by interfacing with DC driver to drive robotic arm with two degrees of freedom (2 - DOF). Also, this part includes the technique which simulates the results using MATLAB 2011a to control the movements of the robotic arm. Micro C for dsPIC© is used to write C code for FIR digital filter and loops with control algorithm to enable the controlling robot arm.

تقليل التاثيرات اللاخطية في منظومات التقسيم المتعدد للطول الموجي العالية الكثافة == Mitigation of Fiber Nonlinearity Effects In Ultra High - Dence WDM System

Author name: سيف حسام عبد الواحد
Supervisor name: علي يوسف فتاح
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The optical signal is severely degraded when transmitted in the fiber due to both the linear and nonlinear distortions. It is well known that, the linear distortions in single mode fiber include chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization - mode dispersion (PMD) while self - phase modulation (SPM), cross phase modulation (XPM) and four - wave mixing (FWM) are considered the most among nonlinear distortions. To deal with the nonlinear impairments, a number of techniques, such as electronic equalization, pre - coding, digital back - propagation(BP), pre - chirping, optical phase conjugation (OPC) and nonlinearity management, are developed and improved. In the present work, a method called Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) has been applied to mitigate fiber nonlinearity impairments. The Fractional Fourier Transform is a time - frequency distribution and an extension of the classical Fourier transform. Time domain FRFT can be implemented by using time lens according to the optical time - space duality theory. The modulated optical pulses will be pre - distorted by an FRFT module before being launched into fiber links. In this work, 10 Gb/s optical fiber system with five spans, each of length 60 Km, for three types of modulation formats (Return - to - Zero Differential Phase Shift Keying (RZ - DPSK), Return - to - Zero Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying (RZ - DQPSK) and Carrier - Suppressed Return - to - Zero (CSRZ)), single and multi - channel transmission systems are designed and simulated using “OptiSystem (2011) version 10.0” software package. In order to analyze the transmission performance of the simulated systems without and with FRFT, a set of eye diagrams, optical spectrum visualizers, Q - factor versus input power and Bite Error Rate (BER) versus Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) curves are presented to evaluate the influence of FRFTon the system performance. For CSRZ modulation format the Q - factor for single channel system at 0 dBm (input power) was 43.5 without FRFT and 78 with FRFT. The BER of sixteen channel system (channel No.8) at bit rate 10 Gb/s per channel, 300 Km link length of CSRZ modulation format with channel spacing of 50 GHz at SNR 10 dB without FRFT is 10 - 4.8 and 10 - 7.4 with FRFT. The BER of thirty two channel system (channel No.16) at bit rate 10 Gb/s per channel, 300 Km link length of CSRZ modulation format with channel spacing of 50 GHz at SNR 10 dB without FRFT is 10 - 4.6 and 10 - 6.4 with FRFT. The BER of thirty two channel system (channel No.16) at bit rate 10 Gb/s per channel, 300 Km link length of CSRZ modulation format with channel spacing of 25 GHz at SNR 10 dB without FRFT is 10 - 2.56 and 10 - 3.24 with FRFT.

خوارزمية جديدة لنظام اخفاء المعلومات == New Algorithm For A Steganography System

Author name: مروة جليل محسن
Supervisor name: اثير علاء صبري
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis presents a new steganographic algorithm for embedding encrypted secret image in grayscale and color images to provide high level security of data for communication over unsecured channels.The proposed algorithm combine the features of Cryptography and Steganography. The hidden secret message capacity, stego - image quality and security are three important conditions for data hiding technology. According to these requirements, an effective security protection with high hiding capacity steganographic algorithms are proposed based on frequency domain of the cover and the secret image.The proposed algorithm first analyzes the secret image into its frequency components using Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) , Wavelet packet transform(WPT) , Multiwavelet transform(MWT) , and slantlet transform(SLT) , respectively. Then the low frequencycomponent of the secret image is encrypted using Advanced encrypted standard (AES) method and then embedded in the insensitive mid and high sub - bands obtained from the cover image after applying these transformations (mentioned earlier) on it. The embedding method used in this thesis is LSB (Least significant bit ) method. The resulting stego image from different algorithms are then compared..The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been estimated by computing Mean square error (MSE) ,signal to noise ratio (SNR), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the capacity.The best algorithm is obtained by using 2level - DWT for cover image and 1level - DWT or WPT for secret image because the capacity of the hidden secret data and stego image quality are improved. The embedding image reaches to half the size of cover image at same time PSNR reach to 62 dB and MSE about 0.036 and this is better than many other existence algorithms.By both objective and subjective observations, the resultant stegoimage that will be transmitted does not draw any suspicion, so the main goal of steganography is achieved..The language used for testing the algorithms is MATLAB R2013a, with a computer of the following specification ; Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M430 @ 2.27GHz and RAM - 3GBytes.

اخفاء العلامة المائية الرقمية باستخدام تحويل الموجيات ذات عامل جودة قابل للتعديل == Digital Watermarking Based On Tunable Q - Wavelet Transform

Author name: هاجر احمد ابراهيم
Supervisor name: اثير علاء صبري
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد دخلنا عصر حيث المعدات غير المكلفة متوفرة ويمكن من خلالها انتاج نسخ كاملة من المواد المتعددة الوسائط الرقمية مثل صوتيات بجودة القرص المضغوط ونشر صور عالية الجودة او مقاطع الفيديو الرقمية. من خلال هذه البيئة اصبح من السهل على الجهات غير المختصة انتاج ن | We have entered an era where inexpensive and readily available equipment can produce perfect copies of digital multimedia materials, such as CD - quality audio, publication - quality images, or digital video. In this environment, it has become easier for malicious parties to make salable copies of copyrighted content without compensation to the content owner.Many media content owners are concerned about the potential loss of revenue from multimedia piracy, especially when the content will be exposed to the Internet. Digital watermarking is seen by many as a potential solution to this problem.In this thesis, two proposed methods one for grayscale image watermarking and the other for color image watermarking are suggested. They require the original image for watermark extraction and they are belonging to the wavelet domain watermarking. They exploit the Tunable Q_Wavelet Transform. Therefore, different cases are performed to identify the best among them for the proposed application. As a result of the testing process, the best case is founded when ( Q=4, r=8, J=28). The first proposed method can be used with applications requiring high degree of imperceptibility and high security. The embedding process of this method is based on adding the pseudorandom watermark bits in the largest TQWT coefficient.The second proposed method is more robust against distortions than the first proposed method and is characterized by an acceptable degree of imperceptibility and high security. The embedding process of this method is based on adding the compound watermark image to the original color image.They are performed using MATLAB7 programming language. Different images are tested and the watermark is extracted exactly from the watermarked images.The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio “PSNR” using best case for the two proposed methods is found (77.97) dB for the first method and (51.14) dB for the second method.

تحديد منظومة كفوءة للقدرة الفوتوضوئية المستقلة بناءا على الاجواء العراقية == Investigation Into Efficient Stand - Alone Photovoltaic System Based On Iraq Climate

Author name: انسام صبحي جبار
Supervisor name: محمد مؤنس عز الدين
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الطاقة الشمسية هي احدى الطاقات المتجددة التي تمتاز بانها امنة وصديقه للبيئة. عالميا هناك توجه كبير لهذة الانواع من الطاقات للحد من مشاكل التلوث والاحتباس الحراري. شهدت السنوات الاخيرة انخفاض في اسعار منظومات الطاقة الشمسية وكذلك ارتفاع كفائتها مما ساعد وب | Solar energy is safe as well as clean. It is one type of renewable energy , the energy does not cause pollutions and is not harmful to the environment. It is gaining importance now with the increases in global warming and pollution causing the adoption of renewable energy sources as alternative energy sources. For these reasons, the technological advance seeks to reduce the cost of renewable energy and increase efficiency to expand its reach.This work investigates the best strategy for design the solar energy system of stand - alone type. The stand - alone system consists of the PV array, maximum power point tracking, DC - DC converters, charge controller, battery, load and inverter. Standard specifications are used to ensure the successful operation of any system designed according to this method.The proposed method in this work includes calculation by using Microsoft Excel and simulation of long term periods especially during the autonomy days operation by using Matlab/Simulink. Many cases are studied, a suitable PV power system is introduced for each case. The results of the design of the case study are quite in agreement with published results.The objective of this work is to design solar energy systems for hypothetical loads according to Iraqi climate, this aim is achieved because the designed system passed many tests, especially for the worst case of operation. The investigation shows that the system is capable of exhibiting a reliable operation for any weather condition.

تصميم مضخمات قدرة راديوية التردد بتقنية CMOS مع محولات جامعة للقدرة == Design of RF Power Amplifiers With Power Combining Transformers

Author name: سهاد حسين جاسم
Supervisor name: احمد سعدون عز الدين
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: باستخدام تقنية CMOS، تواجه تكامل مضخمات القدرة العديد من التحديات بمستوى الواط والمستخدمة لتطبيقات الاتصالات اللاسلكية. وللتغلب على هذه المحددات، يمكن استخدام عدد من الوسائل واطئة الفولتية ودمجها بكفاءة باستخدام المحولات على الرقاقة لزيادة قدرة الخرج النا | In CMOS technology, many challenges face the integrated watt level power amplifiers (PAs) used in wireless applications. Consequently, to overcome these limits, several low voltage devices should be combined efficiently with on - chip transformers in order to increase the resulting output power. In this work, two high - performance Radio - Frequency (RF) power amplifiers for watt level applications are designed and simulated in deep submicron (0.13 µm) CMOS process technology using “Agilent Advanced Design System ADS 2011.10 with “BSIM4” as a simulation module for Metal - Oxide - Semiconductor Field - Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices. The design includes a comparison for the conventional transformer combining techniques SCT, PCT and the hybrid type PSCT. The amplifiers incorporate a parallel combination of four differential PA cores to generate high output power with good efficiency and linearity. The first part of the work presents a design for a watt - level class - AB power amplifier based on transformer type power combiner PSCT for WLAN applications. The PA delivers an Output Power (Pout) of 30 dBm, Power Gain (Gp) of 30 dB and 40% Power Added Efficiency (PAE) under 2.5 V supply. In the second part of the work, a class - E PA based on transformer type power combiner PSCT is designed. The power amplifier provides an output power of 30 dBm, power gain of 30 dB, and 54% PAE at 2.45 GHz under 1.6 V supply. Finally, in the third part of this work, an on - chip output transformer layout for the proposed power amplifiers is designed and simulated with momentum RF EM simulator of ADS 2011.10 in order to realize a fully integrated power amplifier. The simulated efficiency of the PSCT was 78% with minimum insertion losses (ILmin) 0.87 dB.

تصميم متحكم ذكي لنظام تتبع شمسي بالاعتماد على مصفوفة البوابات الرقمية القابلة للبرمجة == Design of Intelligent Controller For Solar Tracking System Based On FPGA

Author name: ياسر محمد عبد
Supervisor name: حنان عبد الرضا عكار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الحاجة لزيادة توليد الطاقة الكهربائية جعل استخدام الخلايا الشمسية تلعب دورا هاما في الحياة اليومية، وعليه من المهم استخدام نظام يسمح بتتبع الخلايا الشمسية لضوء الشمس لزيادة او الحصول على القيمة المثلى للطاقة الكهربائية من الخلايا الشمسية. تم في هذا ا | The need to increase the energy generation makes the use of solar cells plays an important role in the daily life. For this reason, it is important to use solar tracking system to increase or getting almost optimum value from solar cells. In this thesis, solar cells model was implemented using MATLAB to show the characteristics of any solar cell depending on data sheet. Intelligent controllers was designed and used to make solar cells facing the sun all days. The proposed controller was trained by two ways; the first was trained by supervised feed forward neural network and the second by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and then comparing the results obtained. The controller was trained using MATLAB and the converting it to simulink model in order to test it, and converts, it to a Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) language using MATLAB tool box in order to download it on Spartan 3A Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) card. This makes the implementation of the intelligent controller more efficient and easy to use because of its reprogram - ability and the high speed performance. The controller was designed to a fully controlled DC motor driver which is used to rotate two DC motors in X - axis and Y - axis directions respectively.The experimental results show that tracking sun increases the efficiency of the system to produce energy from solar cell about 44.3778 % more energy than the solar cell without tracking system.

المسار الامثل للجراحة الروبوتية الطبية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية == Path Optimization For Medical Surgery Robotic Using Genetic Algorithm

Author name: زهراء داود حسين
Supervisor name: مهند زيدان خليفة | ايمان صالح كريم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electromechanical engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Electromechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الرسالة دراسة تصميم امثل لموديل مختار للانسان الالي المستخدم في مجال الجراحة البشرية (جهاز التنظير البطني الجراحي ) المستخدم في مستشفى الصدر التعليمي في محافظة ميسان والمصنع من قبل شركة (KARL STORZ) من خلال زيادة عدد درجات الحرية لتصل سبعة درج | This thesis presents a study for optimal design of a robot to be used in human surgery (Laparoscope device). It was done in Al - Sader educational hospital in Maysan Governorate. The robot was manufactured by Karl Storz company. Connecting linkages were increased to get seven degrees of freedom. It is operated by the surgeon hand (complete rotation 360o , rotation in two opposite directions perpendicular to each other ,transformation along the major axes , triple joint (pitch ,roll, and yaw). Optimization has been done to these models after making analysis to the surgical robot (forward kinematic, inverse kinematic, dynamitic analysis). The optimal design was obtained by using genetic algorithm method to choose the optimal path planning in the working area. This was with the presence of obstacles to tip of end - effector motion that exists, in mechanical arm to the new model that used in this thesis. This was done by making an integrated computer program through MATLAB (R2013a). The results of best path planning would shorten length without hitting any obstacle, assuming the surrounding environment will be variable. The position and obstacle shapes would be random. We found that the best path planning in every environment depends on maximize objective function that presented by shortest length of the path. This is important from the medical point of view. This was applied successfully in practice on an industrial robot and the resulted optimal parameters to that robot with matching of the theoretical side with practical side in robot motion. The practical side was made in laboratory of the Research Unit of Automation and Robotics in the Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology. The robot used was the Lab - Volt Servo Robot System Model 5250 (RoboCIM5250). This thesis includes studying the tools used in laparoscope and focuses on recent types of graspers with parallel jaws connected to the chosen design. It was noticed that the maximum entrance force for the abdominal tracar must not exceed 5N. The force on the last point of jaws is 0.42N. It was found that this force will not cause bleeding in the tissue during procedure. And that this type of small size grasper can be bent during operation in the allowed field of workspace while maintaining good strength.

نظام كشف وتمييز لوحة الرخصة للسيارات العراقية == License Plate Detection And Recognition System For Iraqi Cars

Author name: ثائر عذار هاشم
Supervisor name: اياد ابراهيم عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: نظام كشف وتمييز لوحات ارقام السيارات هو تقنية في معالجة الصور يستخدم للتعرف على السيارات من خلال لوحات الارقم الخاصة بها, او بكلمات اخرى هي تقنية تستخدم لتحويل نص صورة لوحة ارقام السيارات الرقمية الى ملف نص ممكن ان يحرر ويستخدم في اي برنامج او تطبيق اخر | Automatic License Plate Detection and Recognition (ALPDR) system is an image processing technology used to identify vehicles by their license plates, or in other words, is a technology used to convert the text on digital images of vehicle license plates to a text file that can be edited and used as such by any other program or application that needs it.License Plate Detection and Recognition system for Iraqi cars have a wide range of applications; it is used to extract plate number to create automated solutions for various problems. Among these applications : parking, border crossing, traffic control, access control and stolen cars tracking.This system consists of two main parts : the first is a practical implementation of how to take a picture automatically for cars passes, this was done by two sensors type (GP2Y0A21YK0F sensor) connected with each other and interfaced with a camera (A4tech USB camera), this camera is interfaced using Matlab with the PC. The camera is attached using USB port. The second part is image processing, this part includes four basic stages : The first stage is image preprocessing which involves image normalization and RGB to gray image conversion. Second stage is detection of a possible license plate using edge detection technique and extracts these LP using region growing technique, detection rates reach to 95%. Third stage is alphanumeric character segmentation to isolate each character, numbers and words of the license plate using Otsu's and Hough transforms technique for subsequent recognition. The last stage reads the alphanumeric character and words by correlation template matching, which is a simple, fast and given a recognition rate reach to 98.245%.

تعزيز اداء اتصالات الراديو عبر الليف احادي ومتعدد الطول الموجي بواسطة تقنية التضمين == Performance Enhancements of Single And Multi - Wavelength Radio Links Over Fiber By Modulation Technique

Author name: مصطفى عبد الهادي جليل
Supervisor name: عايد خلف محمد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Radio - over - Fiber (RoF)
  • Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
  • Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
  • Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Unit
First pages:
Abstract: تم تطوير تكنولوجيا الراديو عبر الالياف منذ اواخر القرن العشرين، وتم استخدامها في مجموعة من التطبيقات لانظمة الاتصالات ويعتبر الراديو عبر الالياف هو الجيل المقبل من انظمة الاتصالات لما يمتاز به من العديد من المزايا مقارنة مع النظام التقليدي مع توهين منخفض | Radio - over - Fiber (RoF) technology has been developed since the late 20th century and has been used efficiently in a range of applications for communication systems. Radio over fiber system is the next generation of communication systems because it has many advantages compared with conventional system with low attenuation, enormous bandwidth of optical fiber, and extension of existing coverage and capacity. RoF system refers to the radio signals which are modulated with optical signal and transmitted over optical fiber link from Central Office (CO) to the Remote Nodes (RNs).In this work, several RoF systems have been designed and simulated with different modulation techniques using commercial software package called “Optisystem v.12”. Furthermore, these systems were compared with each other to check for better performance. These systems are presented as follows : The first system is RoF with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 - Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16 - QAM), and 64 - QAM schemes with and without OFDM technique. The simulation results of this system show that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for 64 - QAM - OFDM higher than SNR for QPSK, 4 - QAM and 16 - QAM with OFDM at 10 - 9 symbol error, after 50 km of SMF length without any amplification or compensation techniques. In addition, also SNR for 64 - QAM - OFDM higher than SNR for other techniques in this work after 160 km of fiber length.The second system is the RoF with QPSK and 16 - QAM schemes with Digital Signal Processing (DSP) unit in the receiver side. The simulation results of this system show that the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for QPSK scheme with DSP unit is 14.5% and 85.5% without DSP unit after 50 km of fiber length. Furthermore, the EVM for 16 - QAM with DSP unit is 7.5%, but the EVM for the same system without DSP unit is 91%. In addition, the EVM for QPSK with DSP equal to 11.5%, but the EVM for 16 - QAM with DSP equal to 9% after 160 km of fiber length.The third system is RoF system with two multiplexing techniques, 8×10 Gbps WDM - RoF system and 4×5 Gbps SCM - RoF system, have been simulated with 4 - QAM - OFDM, 16 - QAM - OFDM and 64 - QAM - OFDM schemes. The fourth system was to combine the techniques of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) to increase the capacity of the system by 20×8 Gbps data rate. The simulation results show that the SCM - WDM - RoF with 64 - QAM gives high SNR compared with SCM - WDM - RoF system with other modulation schemes which have been used in this work.

تحسين الاستقرارية باستخدام التوليد الموزع في شبكة النجف الاشرف الكهربائية == Stability Enhancement Using Distributed Generation In Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Electrical Network

Author name: زيد طارق حسن
Supervisor name: رشيد حميد الربيعي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان عمل وتركيب نظام التوزيع يتغير مع اضافة وحدات التوليد الموزع (DG )، حيث انها تؤثر على خسائر القدرة، الاستقرارية، الفولطية، جودة الطاقة وكميات اخرى، لذلك اختيار الموقع الامثل والحجم وعدد وحدات التوليد الموزع (DG ) ضروري لتجنب التاثيرات السلبية على نظا | The operation and structure of distribution system are changing with the integration of distributed generation (DG), where the DG may have effect on power losses, stability, voltage profile, power quality and other quantities, therefore the optimization of location , size and number of DG are necessary to avoid the negative impacts on electric power system.In this work, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to find the optimal number and locations of DG in order to minimize the active power losses. The thermal limit of transmission lines and transformers was studied in cases , with DG and without DG, to detect the lines or transformers which exceed the limit in order to processed it. The voltage stability of distribution network has been investigated, using L index (which aims to detect the vulnerable load buses of an electrical power system). Also the rotor angle transient stability of DG units has been calculated to specify the critical clearing time (CCT) of each circuit breaker in distribution network when one of transmission lines is exposed to three phase to ground fault. The developed algorithm has been verified using two test systems IEEE 33 - bus distribution system and the WSCC 9 - bus test system, furthermore applied to a part of Iraqi distribution network (Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf distribution network). Two softwares are used in this work , the first is Matlab R2013a for implementation of the PSO and voltage stability algorithms while the second software is Power World Simulator 15 for implementation of the thermal limit of transmission lines and transformers, and rotor angle transient stability of DG units.DG contributed significantly to reduce the power losses in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf distribution network, where there is a reduction by about 96% in active losses. Also DG processed the overload of large substations and the stability of buses in the network.

تصميم وتصنيع والتحقق من الخلية الشمسية ذات الصبغة الحساسة للضوء == Design, Fabrication And Verification of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell DSSC

Author name: صابرين سمير حسان
Supervisor name: ثائرة زكريا الطيار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Dye sensitized solar cells
  • natural dyes
  • synthetic dye
First pages:
Abstract: Solar cells are considered a promising technology and renewable, in view of increasing in the electro - optical energy. The continual enhancement in solar cell efficiency by searching for new concepts and techniques, which should grow since it is considered as one of the important sources of energy of the future.This work introduces a type of solar cells that employs photosensitive organic dye. These cells use thin membrane of Titanium dioxide material as nanoparticles covered by an organic dye, which absorbs solar energy (like the chlorophyll in green leaves) to be converted into electrons that are injected into the Titanium dioxide layer, which serves as electron collector. In addition, it has an electrolyte solution to compensate for the electrons lost by the organic dye molecules.The cell's positive terminal was prepared from the deposition of a thin membrane of Titanium dioxide, of 22 micrometer thickness on a conductive glass electrode , followed by heat treatment at 450? for 30 minutes. Three organic dyes were used, two of (Cherry juice mixed with Hibiscus and the Berries juice) which were natural dyes, and the other synthetic, the "Eosin" as an industrial dye. Small quantities of Iodine and Potassium Iodide were dissolved in Ethyl Alcohol of 99.9% concentration in order to prepare the electrolyte solution. As to the negative terminal, it was prepared from the deposition of a graphite layer, used in pencils, onto a conducting glass electrode. The final stage involved the assembly of the different prepared cell components and tested.The equipment used in this work included spectrum analyzer for provision of absorption spectra for the three dyes.The cells have been tested by exposure to light of 100W/cm2 to obtain I - V characteristic curve and the greatest current is obtained with the Cherries and Hibiscus cell was 6.205 mA/cm2 and the maximum voltage 0.569 V. As to the Berries dye cell, the maximum current is found 4.35 mA / cm2 and its maximum voltage 0.607 V. The maximum current and voltage for the Eosin dye cell are found to be 1.32 mA/ cm2 and 0.651V.The conversion efficiency for the Cherry and Hibiscus dye cell is found to be 1.9%, the Berries dye cell 1.5% and for the Eosin dye 0.5%.

تمييز قزحية العين باستخدام التحويل الموجي والشبكات الاصطناعية

Author name: احمد عز الدين عبد الله
Supervisor name: هديل نصرت عبد الله
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: التعرف على قزحية العين هي تقنية القياس الحيوي التي تتناول تحديد الهوية على اساس قزحية الانسان. يعتبر تميز القزحية من انواع التكنولوجيا الحيوية الاكثر دقة المتاحة اليوم بالمقارنة مع انواع كثيرة من التقنيات البيومترية المستخدمة مثل : مسح بصمات الاصابع، التعر | Iris Recognition is a Biometric Technology which deals with identification based on the human iris. It is considered to be the most accurate biometric technology available today compared with many kinds of biometric technologies used, like Fingerprint scanning, Face recognition, Voice recognition and Hand geometry scanning because it has some advantages, such as uniqueness, stability and high recognition rate etc., makes iris recognition so accurate.In this proposed system, two database systems are used. The first is CASIA database system (version 1.0)(Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation). And, the second is Real database system by using real persons (each with many images) for recognition through camera Mobile Type of Galaxy Note3. An approach to get more accuracy of the offline iris recognition is composed of many steps : capturing the iris image, determining the location of the iris boundaries, normalization, preprocessed using median filter to remove noise, using wavelet transform for two types of filter, Haar and Daubechies, in order to extract the features and finally using the matching by artificial feed forward neural network with back propagation algorithm (FFBNN) for training and testing iris image.In CASIA system, the iris recognition rate for Haar filter was 84.2% and for Daubechies filter was 92.8%, while in the real system, iris recognition rate for Haar filter was 90% and for Daubechies filter was 98.7%. This means the Daubechies filter is the best in execution time and mean square error from the Haar filter. Finally, efficiency of this system is logical, because the performance measurement of False Acceptance Rates was reasonable. The results and the experiments were implemented by P4 computer and the software package MATLAB (R2011a).

نمذجة الخواص الميكانيكية للصلب == Mechanical Property Modelling Of Steels

Author name: اسيل عبد الباقي عبد الرزاق
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electromechanical engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Department Of Electromechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تقييم معامل انتقال الحرارة اثناء تقسية الصلب == Evaluation Of Heat Transfer Coefficient During Quenching Of Steel

Author name: هالة سلمان حسن
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electromechanical engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Department Of Electromechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثيرات الظروف البيئية المختلفة على خواص صفائح الفايبر المقوى == The Effects Of Different Environmental Conditions On The Characteristics Of Fiber Reinforced Plates

Author name: غيداء كريم ياس
Supervisor name: صفاء هاشم عبد الرحمن | شوكت ذياب الهيازعي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electromechanical engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Department Of Electromechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مراقبة الانحدار في الاداء لمحركات التيار المستمر بالاستناد الى مصفوفة البوابات المنطقية القابلة للبرمجة باستخدام طريقة البرمجيات الذكية == FPGA Based Performance Degradation Monitoring Of DC Motor Using Soft Computing Approach

Author name: بلال زهير احمد
Supervisor name: عباس حسين عيسى
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

السمات الاقتصادية لتطبيق المكثفات على شبكات التوزيع == Economical Aspects Of Capacitors Application To Distribution Networks

Author name: وائل نبيل عبد الخالق
Supervisor name: حسين جعفر المشاط
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering - Power and Machinery
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electrical Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تصميم شبكة عصبية ذكية باعتماد الحسابات العشوائية وباستخدام رقاقة الشرائح المبرمجة == Implementation Of Reconfigurable Stochastic Artificial Neural Network Using FPGA

Author name: منال حمادي جاسم
Supervisor name: معتز شناسي عبد الوهاب | حنان عبد الرضا عكار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تصميم ومحاكاة مصفوفة كانتور للهوائيات الخطية == Design And Simulation Of Cantor Linear Antenna Array

Author name: فواز جنان جبرائيل
Supervisor name: رفعت طالب حسين
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحقيق وتقيم خوارزميات الدقة العالية في تحديد اتجاه مصادر الاشارات لمختلف انواع المتحسسات المرتبة بشكل مصفوفات هندسية == Investigation And Evaluation Of Superresolution Algorithms For Different Array Geometries Of Direction - Of - Arrival

Author name: اياد ابراهيم عباس العبيدي
Supervisor name: وليد امين الجوهر
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronic Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Electrical Engineering Department - Electronic Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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