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دراسة حركية التفاعل لوحدة التهديب بالعامل المساعد في مصفى الدورة == Kinetics Study of Catalytic Reforming Process In Daura Refinery

Author name: حيدر مجيد خضير
Supervisor name: محمد فاضل عبد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Catalytic naphtha reforming is one of the key processes in petroleum refining, converting gasoline boiling range low - octane hydrocarbons to high - octane compounds which can be blended into gasoline. Other valuable by products include hydrogen and cracked light gases. Modeling of a typical semi - regenerative catalytic reformer of Duara refinery has been carried out involving most its key constituent units. Kinetic modeling of the reactions occurring in the fixed bed reactors connected in series formed the most significant part of the overall simulation effort. A reaction scheme involving (15 pseudo components) connected to gether by a network of 30 reactions for components in the C5 - C10 range has been modeled. The Hougen - Watson Langmuir - Hinshelwood type reaction rate expressions are used to represent rate of each reaction. Deactivation of the catalyst was modeled by including the corresponding equations for coking kinetics. It was found that Paraffines and Naphthenes undergo a continuous reduction through the three reactors while the rate of formation of aromatics is becoming slower as the reactants proceed to the third reactor. The reactor of naphtha reforming could be considered as a hydrogen production.

ازالة الكبريت من زيت الوقود باستخدام الاكسدة المعززة بالموجات الفوق الصوتية == Ultrasound - Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil

Author name: جعفر مازن جعفر
Supervisor name: نيران خليل ابراهيم | ولاء عبد الهادي نوري
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Due to the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur emissions associated with the exhaust of engines, sulfur content specification for diesel fuels became more and more stringent worldwide. Last environmental regulations for ultralow sulfur diesel require very deep desulfurization processing, which cannot be met by the conventional hydrodesulfurization process (HDS).The present work focuses on benefiting from integrating an ultrasoundassisted oxidative desulfurization process (UAODS) with the conventional HDS process to produce ultra - low sulfur fuels. The proposed method involves a batch ultrasound - assisted oxidative desulfurization process to desulfurize a previously hydrotreated diesel containing 480 ppm sulfur. The oxidizing system used was H2O2/CH3COOH with FeSO4 being used as a catalyst. An ultrasonic probe system was used to enhance the conversion of sulfur - bearing compounds that exist in diesel to sulfones and sulfoxides to affect their removal by a certain separation method, such as extraction or adsorption.The major influential parameters related to UAODS process have been investigated, namely : ratio of oxidant/fuel, ratio of the promoter/oxidant, dose of catalyst, reaction temperature, intensity of ultrasonic waves. A set of comparative studies were also carried out including type of extraction solvent, effect of initial sulfur content, and type of sulfur separation method. Total evaluation for the treated diesel was performed, including GC - MS analysis which has been used to monitor the change of organic sulfur compounds andhydrocarbons in diesel during the desulfurization process.The oxidation treatment, in combination with ultrasonic irradiation, revealed a synergistic effect for diesel desulfurization. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency for sulfur compounds could amount to 98%, and sulfur level can be reduced to 12 ppm at mild operating conditions (70 and 1 bar). This indicates that this process is so efficient and promising for the production of ultra - low sulfur diesel fuels.The kinetics of the reaction has been also studied. It was observed that the UAODS of diesel fuels fitted pseudo - first - order kinetics under the studied experimental conditions. During this process, values of the apparent rate constant and activation energy were 0.373 min - 1 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively.

تخمين حركية تفاعل ازالة الكبريت للنفثا الثقيلة العراقية == Prediction of Kinetic Reaction of Iragi Heavy Naphtha Desulferization

Author name: سها سامي قاسم
Supervisor name: زيدون محسن شكور
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: واحدة من التحديات في مصافي تكرير النفط الخام في الاونة الاخيرة هو الحد من محتوى الكبريت من النفثا الثقيلة الى الحدود الدنيا. في هذا البحث تم اخذ مواصفات محتوى الكبريت للنفثا الثقيلة بمعدل 632 جزء في المليون الى 2.5 جزء في المليون، في درجات حرارة التفاعل ( | One of the recent challenges in the petroleum refineries is the reduction of sulfur content of heavy naphtha to the new lower limits. In this reaserch, was taken the specification of the sulfur content of heavy naphtha at arrange 632 ppm to 2.5 ppm, The range of reaction temperatures is (35 - 175) oC and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) at range of (1.3 - 1.4) hr - 1 and hydrogen pressure is 35 bars.The simulators are useful tools to manage operation and to improve the profitability of the process. In this study, excel and Matlab program were developed to simulate hydrodesulferization process (HDS) in vapor phase reactor of heavy naphtha hydrotreating unit of Daura refinery, the comparison between the plan results with HDS reactor model results was made.. Based on the model results the optimum operating conditions were determined. Acomputer program MATLAB (Matrix Laborator) it is software for developed code of kinetic parameter estimation problem using the estimation method and least square as objective function and new GA as solving method. The code was implemented on personal computer (intel (R) Core (TM) i3 CPU, 2.39 GHz processor, 2 GB RAM). The function to be minimized was the sum of squares of the differences between calculated and measured concentration.Genetic optimization method was used to define the parameters of desulfurization reaction kinetic. This hydrotreating reaction kinetic model for desulfurization of Daura heavy naphtha was determined for heavy naphtha boiling point range of (35 - 175) C and using a commercial (HDS) catalyst cobalt - molybdenum (Co - Mo) supported of alumina.The result showed that the order of kinetic reaction was first order for heavy naphtha hydrotreating with (Co - Mo) supported of alumina, and the graphically method is more suitable and less error than optimization method for represent the kinetic reaction for heavy naphtha hydrotreating in Daura refinery.

تطبيقات الطرق العددية في التاكل الكلفاني للمعادن المزدوجة == Applications of Numerical Methods In Galvanic Corrosion of Coupled Metals

Author name: بسمة محمد كاظم الشاهر
Supervisor name: جمال مانع علي الربيعي
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة سلوك تاكل معادن النحاس والكربون الصلب والزنك في تراكيز مختلفة من حامض الهيدروكلوريكHCl) ) (0.025، 0.05 و0.075 مولاري ) عند درجات حرارة مختلفة (30، 40 و50 درجة مئوية) باستخدام القياسات الكهروكيميائية (Electrochemical Measurements) في حالة المعا | The corrosion behaviors of metals Copper, Carbon Steel and Zinc in a different concentrations of HCl acid (0.025, 0.05 and 0.075M) at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C) were investigated using electrochemical measurements in couple and single state.The galvanic behaviors of coupled metals (Cu - Fe),( Cu - Zn) and (Fe - Zn)were studied using Zero Resistance Ammeter (ZRA) technique, it has been used to measure the galvanic current (Ig) and galvanic potential (Eg) with time. The galvanic corrosion cells for all couples have equal areas of anode and cathode (2×2cm).The galvanic current density (ig) is increased with increasing solution concentration and temperature. The galvanic potential (Eg) is shifted to less negative with increasing solution concentration and temperature and it is close to the corrosion potential of the anode in the couple conditions.The potentiostatic polarization behavior of single three metals (Copper, Carbon Steel and Zinc) in different concentrations of dilute HCl acid (0.025, 0.05 and 0.075M) at temperature (40°C) is found under activation control. The corrosion current density is increases with increasing solution concentration and gives the following arrangement of metals : Cu> Fe > Zn A numerical analysis of galvanic corrosion was presented. The analysis was based on three numerical methods as the boundary element method (BEM), the finite element method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM).The potential and current density distributions on the galvanic elements are described by the Laplace equation. The Laplace equation was solved numerically, to determine the potential, current density, and corrosion caused by the galvanic cell using designed computer programs in MATLAB R2014a. The experimentally determined polarization curves have been used in order to define the nonlinear boundary conditions. This boundary value problem has been solved using Newton - Raphson iterative numerical procedure. For the three couple systems (Cu - Fe, Fe - Zn and Cu - Zn), the results obtained for galvanic potential and current density, using the numerical methods (BEM, FEM and FDM) with the overall deviations are 6.689, 10.818 and 18.846 respectively for galvanic current density and 0.631, 1.210 and 1.787 respectively for galvanic potential. From these results it can conclude that the galvanic current density and galvanic potential distribution calculated from the BEM model was in good agreement with the experimental measurements. These are because the main advantages of the BEM over the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM) are high accuracy, discretization on the boundary only which results in a very small number of unknowns, easy dealing with non - regular boundaries and openings that only the domain boundary of interest is required to be discrete, also BEM needs fewer equations and a smaller matrix size than FEM and can solve both finite and infinite domain problems.

تاثير الحماية من التاكل بواسطة الليزر على سبائك الالمنيوم == The Effect of Laser Surface Melting Corrosion Protection On Al Alloys

Author name: هبة خميس اسماعيل
Supervisor name: شذى احمد سامح
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تاثير المعاملة بالليزر على تاكل سبائك الالومنيوم (7075, 6061, 5083) المغمورة في محلول ملحي (كلوريد الصوديوم) بمختلف التراكيز. وقد تم اعداد عينات من سبائك الالومنيوم ذات ابعاد (2 ملم) سمك وقطر (25 ملم)، وكانت تجارب الاستقطاب في مح | The objectives of the present project are to generate uniform melted layers, free of large second phases to assess the corrosion resistance of the laser treated surface in comparison with the untreated alloy. So disc samples of (7075, 6061 and 5083) aluminum alloys of 2 mm thickness and 25 mm diameter, have been prepared. Polarization tests were carried out in (M lab potentiostat / galvanostat) (Germany) at 298K temperature and (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) % wt of NaCl solution. The experiments were carried out before and after laser surface melting by (Nd : YAG, MED - 810) pulse laser, system (Q - Switched Nd : YAG 1064/532nm). Before laser surface melting the results showed that the value of the corrosion current density obviously increases with increasing the concentration of NaCl from 1.5% to 3.5%. As well as higher Cl - ions concentration more negative pitting potential (Epit) of aluminum alloys and decrease in the electrochemical stability of aluminum. The corrosion rate for the specimen 7075 is larger than that of 6061 and 5083 aluminum alloys under the same conditions. So it means that the specimens 6061 and 5083 have high resistance to corrosion in NaCl solution After laser surface melting the results showed that the surface of aluminum alloys became more homogenous and pure after treatment.It was found that the corrosion current density decreases after Laser Surface melting at about three orders than that of untreated samples, therefore, the value of the corrosion rate of laser - treated alloy is smaller than that of the untreated. As well as the pitting corrosion potential after Laser Surface melting obviously shifted to more positive direction for all aluminum alloys in different concentrations of the NaCl solution.

تطبيق اللابفيو والخوارزمية الوراثية في السيطرة على مبادل حراري من نوع الصفائح == Application of LabVIEW And Genetic Algorithm For Controlling of Plate Heat Exchanger

Author name: ايمن فوزي زوين
Supervisor name: زيدون محسن شكور
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة السلوك الديناميكي لمبادل حراري من نوع الصفائح ( يتكون من 24 صفيحة ) والسيطرة عليه. الموديل النظري للمبادل طور بالاستناد على الموازنة الحرارية لصفائح المبادل.نتائج الموديل توضح السلوك الديناميكي للمبادل حيث تبين انه من الدرجة الاولى بالتقديم ((le | In this work the dynamic behavior of a plate heat exchanger (PHE) (consists of 24 plates) both experimentally and theoretically and the control of the system were studied. A theoretical model for the plate heat exchanger was developed based on the heat balance. A step change is carried in the hot water flow which is considered as a manipulated variable.The results of plate heat exchanger (PHE) showed that the dynamic behavior of plate heat exchanger in this work is dynamically as a first order lead and second order overdamped lag with a significant delay time as shown below : G(p)=(T ?_co (s))/(m ?_h (s) )= ((0.2645s+1.411) e^( - 5.63s))/(0.2156s^2+12.34s+1) The experimental heat transfer measurements of the plate heat exchanger (PHE) indicated that the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is related to the water flow rate (m) by a correlation having the form : U = 10637 m0.7307 To verify the presented model, temperature control was applied theoretically and experimentally to the plate heat exchanger using conventional P, PI and PID controllers with tuning of control parameters by different methods; Ziegler - Nichols, Cohen - Coon and genetic algorithm to find the best values of proportional gain (Kc), integral time (?I) and derivative time (?D). The time domain specifications like rise time, settling time, overshoot and the performance indices, Integral Squared Error (ISE) and Integrated Time - Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) were used to evaluate the performance of different control strategies. The PID controller gave better control results of temperature than other controllers, while Ziegler - Nichols tuning method gave better control results than Cohen - Coon. GA technique is the best method in simulation by compare with Cohen - Coon and Ziegler - Nichols methods. Therefore, GA method is suitable as best technique for systems which have shorter constant time.Cohen - Coon and Ziegler - Nichols methods were used in the experimental work to calculate the controller parameters, while GA method was not used in this stage.

تفاعلات تحويل الميثان مع الاستيلين بالفعل المساعد للمناخل الجزيئية == Molecular Sieve - Catalyzed Conversion Reactions Of Methane With Acetylene

Author name: هيثم عودة مانع
Supervisor name: Shahrazad R. Raouf | Ahmed M. Barifcani
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انتاج الايثانول من الشرش باستخدام جنس خميرة الـ "Kluyveromyces"الحرة والمقيدة في مزرعة الدفعة الواحدة == Production Of Ethanol From Whey By Free And Immobilized Kluyveromyces Species In Still Batch Culture

Author name: ايناس جبار حسن
Supervisor name: Thamer J. Mohammed | Jasim Al-Hilo
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Biochemistry Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحسين صفات البولي اثيلين عالي الكثافة لاستخدامات خاصة == Effecte Of Photo - Initiated Oxidation On Mechanical Properties Of Polyethylene Blends

Author name: نبيلة عادل محمد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة الخواص الميكانيكية والحرارية لراتنج النوفولاك مدعم بانواع مختلفة من الالياف == A Study Of Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Novolak Resin Reinforced With Different Types Of Fibers

Author name: صالح محمد علي سعيدان
Supervisor name: Najat J. Saleh | Abd al Ameer Al-Saidy
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحسين الانتقال الحراري للغليان باضافة مواد للماء == Enhancement Of Boiling Heat Transfer By Additives To Water

Author name: محمد عبد الرحمن عبد الله محمد منصر
Supervisor name: Farqad Sami Rasheed | Abdullah A. Kandoush
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

هيدروديناميكا الفقاعات النصف كروية == Hydrodynamics Of Spherical - Cap Bubbles

Author name: محسن عباس مشاي الحميداوي
Supervisor name: Abdullah A.Kendoush | BalasimA.Abid
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انتقال الحرارة بالحمل القسري من سطح كروي خلال جريان تقاطعي == Forced Convective Heat Transfer Over A Spherical Surface In Cross Flow

Author name: حسنين علي جابر الجبر
Supervisor name: عبد الله عباس كنـدوش | بلاسم احمــد عبـــد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تنقيـة انزيـم الكوليـن استريـز البشـري مـن الـدم باستخـدام الترشيـح الهلامــي == Purification Of Human Cholinesterase Enzyme From Blood Using Gel Filtration

Author name: زينب علي عبد الجليل
Supervisor name: Majid S. Radhaa | Nahidh W. Kasser
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Biochemistry Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

Isolation And Characterization Of A Bacteria Capable Of Degrading Some Petroleum Cuts

Author name: علي حسين الفتال
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Biochemistry Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة ممزوجات بنزين محركات السيارات في العهد عديم الرصاص == A Study On The Refinery Motor Gasoline Blends For The Unleaded Era

Author name: عمر زهير سلمان
Supervisor name: N.K. Ibrahim
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Units
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تطويــــر و توصيــــف متراكبات الاوساط المعدنيـة == Development And Characterization Of Metal - Matrix Composite

Author name: نغم حميد بشير نوارة
Supervisor name: صباح سعيد عبد النور | ممتاز عبد الاحد زبلوق
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Units
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انتاج الجيلاتين الغذائي من مخلفات جلود الابقار == Production Of Food Grade Gelatin From Bovine Hide Wastes

Author name: فراس هاشم قمر الحمداني
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Biochemistry Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة الخواص الحرارية الميكانيكية للمطاط المحور ومتراكباته == Thermomechanical Investigation Of Resin Modified Rubber Composites

Author name: علي عزيز عباس الجنابي
Supervisor name: Sabah S. A. Noor | Mumtaz A. Zablouk
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

السلوك الهايدروديناميكي للابراج الفقاعية == Hydrodynamics Behavior Of Bubble Columns

Author name: عديل عبد الله شهيب
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

مقارنة بين الطرق المختلفة لتحلية وقود الديزل == A Comparison Between The Different Methods Used For Diesel Fuel Sweetening

Author name: ابو ذر حمد الله حسين
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اختيار الظروف المثلى لانظمة تبريد الاثيلين باستخدام طريقة الخوارزمية الجينية == Optimization Of Ethylene Refrigeration System Using Genetic Algorithms Method

Author name: شروق طالب رمضان
Supervisor name: ممتاز عبد الاحد | احمد البريفكاني
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخصائص الهيدروديناميكية للجريان ثنائي الطور == Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of Slug Flow

Author name: حيدر علاء معبد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المتغيرات التصميمية المثلى لابراج التقطير ذات درجات الحرارة الواطئة في وحدة الاثيلين -مجمع البتروكيمياويات(1) البصرة- لاعادة التاهيل == Optimal Design Variables For Low Temperature Distillation Columns In The Ethylene Plant At PC1 - Basrah For Revamping

Author name: نضال محمود العزاوي
Supervisor name: Mumtaz A. Zablouk
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

سلوكية التاكل الغلفاني للالمنيوم – كاربون ستيل باستخدام القطب الاسطواني الدوار == Galvanic Corrosion Behavior Of Aluminum - Carbon Steel Using Rotating Cylinder Electrode

Author name: عباس خليل ابراهيم
Supervisor name: جمال مانع علي
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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