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تحسين مواصفات / ازالة الكبريت من النفوط العراقية الثقيلة باستخدام طريقة الاكسدة المعانة بالموجات فوق الصوتية == Upgrading / Desulfurazation of Iraq Heavy Crude Oils Using Oxidation Assisted By Ultrasound

Author name: شيماء كاظم محيسن
Supervisor name: نيران خليل ابراهيم
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: وجودالكبريت في النفط الخام يشكل تحديات هائلة فيما يتعلق بالاثار البيئية والاقتصادية السلبية.وعلى هذا النحو ايضا سلامة المعدات معرضة لمخاطر عالية اثناء معالجة نفط خام الاحدب(3,55? كبريت) بسبب طبيعته الحامضية.وبالتالي فان هذا البحث يهدف الى تقليل محتوى الك | The presence of sulfur in crude oil posses enormous challenges as regards its negative environmental and economic impact. As such, the safety of the equipment is at high risk during the processing of Al - Ahdab crude oil because of its sour nature (3.55wt% sulfur). The present work is aimed at reduce the sulfur content of Al - Ahdab crude oil prior to processing by oxidative desulfurization treatment method using ultrasonic irradiation probe and high speed homogenizer for the enhancement of oxidizing the sulfur compounds and converting them into sulfones. The oxidation step was then followed by solvent extraction to extract the sulfones.An ultrasound - assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAOD) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of acetic acid and subsequent solvent extraction using a polar solvent (acetonitrile ) has been applied for the desulfurization of Al - Ahdab crude oil in a bench scale unit. The results indicate that the desulfurization efficiency is dependent on the sonication rate. The measured sulfur content of the crude oil, obtained after 10 minutes contact time indicated that the highest efficiency obtained is 81.86%, corresponding to reductionin sulfur content up to 0.664wt.%, when sonication energy of 21139J was used. The second mixing scheme examined was that of using a high speed homogenizer. The results indicate that the desulfurization efficiency increases with increasing mixing speed from5000 to 26000rpm, and reaction time from 15 to 60min. The highest desulfurization efficiency obtained was 72.6% at 26000rpm and 60min reaction time. The above results indicate that UAOD is a successful process to upgrade Al - Ahdab crude oil. However, oxidative desulfurization assisted by high speed agitation also gave reasonable desulfurization efficiency. The sulfur content was reduced to about 1.2% which is less than that of Kirkuk crude (2.8%) and that of AL - Basrah crude (3.16%).

استخدام المادة النانو مسامية SBA - 15 لازالة الملوث العضوي من المياه الصناعية == A Nanoporous SBA - 15 As Adsorbent For Removal of Organic Pollutants From Wastewater

Author name: رغد عدنان حبش
Supervisor name: انعام اكرم صبري | طالب محمد نايف
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم تحضير ماده السليكا النانويه المسامية (SBA - 15) باستخدام (TEOS) كمصدر للسيليكا و(P123) كقوالب ومن ثم اجريت فحوصات عليها منها حيود الاشعة السينية (XRD),المجهر الالكتروني (SEM)،المساحة السطحيه ( (BET وطيف الاشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR). بعد ذلك تم دراسة سلو | Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA - 15) nanoporous silica was prepared using Tetraethylorthosilicate TEOS as silica precursor, Pluronic P123 as template, and characterized by means of X - ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption behavior of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater onto mesoporous SBA - 15 was studied. Both batch and continuous systems were studied. Batch experiments were carried out to measure the adsorption as a function of contact time, initial concentration (15 - 110 mg/l), pH (3 - 11) and adsorbent dose (0.1 - 2.3g/l) to specify the optimum operation condition. The equilibrium of the process was achieved within 20 min. Adsorption isotherms were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model with higher correlation coefficient R2 value of (0.990). The kinetics of the MB sorption on SBA - 15 were examined by using pseudo - first and pseudo - second order kinetics models. The kinetics analysis manifested that the overall adsorption process was successfully fitted with the pseudo - second - order kinetic model. In continuous studies, the adsorption of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater onto SBA - 15 in fixed bed was investigated and breakthrough data of the dye was determined. This research is run in small scale column with an internal diameter of 0.7 cm and 35 cm height at constant temperature and pH value. The effect of bed height (3, 6, 9 cm), flow rate (0.6, 1.0,1.4 ml/min) and initial MB concentrations (40, 70, 100 mg/l) on breakthrough curves were investigated. It is found that breakthrough time increases with increasing bed height, but decreases with increasing methylene blue inlet concentration and flow rate. Thomas and Yan models were used to determine the kinetic constants and to predict the breakthrough curves. The experimental data showed a better fit to Thomas adsorption model. In order to find out the possibility of reuse SBA - 15, desorption study was also carried out in this investigation. SBA - 15 can be effectively recovered by calcinations and reused fourteenth times in batch system and five times in continuous system without significant loss in removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The long reuse life of SBA - 15 makes it an efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue from wastewater at high potential for application in industry.

محاكاة لمعمل الاثلين في العراق باستخدام الاسبن بلسن والماتلاب == Simulation of Iraqi Ethylene Plant Using Aspen Plus And Matlab

Author name: هدى عامر عبد القادر
Supervisor name: صفاء الدين عبد الله النعيمي | زيدون محسن شكور
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد معمل الاثيلين واحد من اهم معامل البتروكيماويات والاكبر حجما في العالم في الوقت الحاضر. بالاضافة الى ذلك، فانه يعتبر جوهر اي مجمع للبتروكيماويات. وفي مثل هذه المعامل، يخضع الغاز الطبيعي الى العديد من العمليات لفصل مكوناته.الهدف من هذه الدر | Ethylene plant is one of the most important and largest volume petrochemicals in the world today. In addition, it is a core of any petrochemical complex. In such plant, the natural gas is subjected to many processes to separate the components. The objective of this study is to develop a detailed model to simulate an ethylene plant, which includes a pyrolysis section, a separation system and an integrated refrigeration system. An optimization has been performed for a part of the plant; this part is the furnace.The ethylene plant at the Petrochemical Complex in PC1 - Basrah has been considered as a case of study. The kinetics of ethane thermal cracking in pyrolysis furnace has been simulated using Aspen Plus and MATLAB. The radiant coils in furnace have been modeled as a one dimensional plug - flow reactor in which ethane is subjected to steam cracking. The overall plant has been simulated using Aspen Plus version (7.3), and the reactor has been simulated using MATLAB environment, version (2013a) in addition to Aspen Plus. The validity simulation model test has been achieved by comparing the simulation results with the actual data collected from PC1and it showed a great similarity and reliability for both simulation models.A steady state simulation model has been developed to study the behavior of multi - types feed supplied to the plant. Furthermore, the model has been used to evaluate the effects of various process parameters, including temperature of reaction (Reactor outlet temperature), dilution steam to ethane ratio (DS/HC) and the outlet flow rate of hydrocarbons.The other aim of this study is to obtain the optimum operating conditions using Aspen Plus for the reactor in the furnace which has an effect on the final product to determine the maximum profit. Optimization using Genetic Algorithm (GA) by MATLAB has been used as well as Aspen Plus, and a comparison has been made between both methods. The selection of the optimum operating conditions of reactor was obtained to achieve the following objectives together : • Increasing the production rate of ethylene.• Increasing the outlet flow rate of hydrocarbons.These objectives have managed to be achieved all together by maximizing the total profit obtained from the furnace. Finally, Aspen Plus results show that the objectives have been satisfied by manipulating the decision variables Temperature of reaction (Reactor outlet temperature) in the range of (850 - 920) ?C, dilution steam to ethane ratio DS/HC in the range of (0.2 - 0.5) and the outlet flow rate of hydrocarbons ) in the range of (2421 - 1064) Kmole/hr to increase the profit of the furnace to approximately (10.541%) and (5.55%) for the whole plant.

معالجة واستصلاح الماء المصاحب للنفط العراقي باستخدام طريقة عمود التطويف وتقنية الاغشية == Treatment And Reclaiming of Iraqi Oil Field Produced Water By Flotation Column And Membrane Technology

Author name: هدى كاظم حسن
Supervisor name: ثامر جاسم محمد | قصي فاضل عبد الحميد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يتم انتاج كميات كبيره من الماء المصاحب النفطي من قبل شركة نفط الجنوب.يعتبر محتوى النفطي oil - water والاملاح الذائبه TDS من اخطر الملوثات والتي تتم معالجتها باحدث التكنلوجيا في السنوات الاخيره تم استخدام تقنية الاغشية لمعالجة الماء المصاحب النفطي.الهدف م | A large amount of oil field produced water is generated by South Oil Company. Oil - in - Water and TDS are the most serious pollutants for which current treatment technologies are often costly and ineffective in order to reuse water. In recent years, membrane process has been applied for produced water treatment.The aim of the present work is to treat produced water from oil well before being disposed in environment or reused as re - injection to oil well or agriculture water. Oil field produced water is very difficult wastewater to treat and its characteristics change as well to well. The sample test of this study was taken from dehydrator in the DSI/North Rumila/Southern Oil Company in Basrah /Iraq. The treatment process of produced water consists of two stages. The first stage as pre - treatment is achieved by continuous dissolved air flotation (DAF) to reduce the oil content. The second stages, as advanced treatment processes, are accomplished by microfiltration (MF) to reduce the turbidity and nanofiltration (NF) to reduce the salt content as TDS of produced water. The experimental work was carried out using dissolved flotation column is of Perspex glass (0.1 m I.D, 1.5 m height). The bottom of the column connected to a conical joint of QVF glass with a Teflon distributer. The effect of operating parameters (flow rate of produced water, pH, initial oil concentration, flotation time, alum dosage and surfactant of SLS) saturated pressure=5 Atm on the oil content or oil removal efficiency was investigated. The results showed that the oil removal efficiency increases with increasing the flow rate of produced water, the flotation time and coagulants dosage. The oil removal efficiency in DAF unit without coagulants is equal to (80, 94, 95%) for initial oil concentration (30, 50, 70 ppm), respectively at a flow rate 0.03 m3/h and pH=6. While flotation with coagulation, the results indicated that the removal efficiency is equal to 94% (residual oil content <10 ppm) at pH=5, alum dosage=560 ppm, and initial oil concentration=50 ppm, and the removal efficiency is equal to 89.6 at pH=6, alum+SLS dosage=80 ppm, and initial oil concentration=50 ppm. The kinetics of flotation column was studied and it was found that the order of the reaction is changing between zero to first order.The treatment of produced water by membrane technique was carried out by cross flow mode in hallow fiber microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF). The effect of operating parameter such as transmembrane pressure (TMP) (1, 1.5, 2 bars) with cross flow 20 mL/min, at room temperature, on the flux, rejection, and turbidity and TDS removal was studied. The experimental results by MF manifested that the permeation flux is (108, 156, 611 l/m2.h) and transemembrane pressure is 2 bar at initial turbidity (100, 200, 300 NTU), respectively. But NF, as a final treatment of produced water to reuse, was studied at different feed concentrations (82950, 75050, 67150 ppm) with different TMPS. According to the experimental results, the higher permeation of flux =15 (l/m2.h) at 82950 ppm and 2 bar, was obtained.The experimental results of the removal efficiency were represented in two and three dimensional graphs. An empirical correlation for R% as a function of different parameters (flow rate, pH, and oil concentration) was developed by aided computer using the following formula %R= a + c1*x1n1 + c2*x2n2 + c3*x3n3.

انتقال الحرارة في الغليان الحوضي باستخدام موائع النانو == Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Using Nanofluids

Author name: خيرية مطر عيسى الخزاعي
Supervisor name: جمال مانع علي الربيعي
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يمكن اعتبار نظام المغلي التنوي واحدة من اكثر الطرق فعالية لزيادة التبادل الحراري في منطقة صغيرة نسبيا. انتقال الحرارة في الغليان الحوضي لموائع النانو تم التحقق عنها تجريبيا باستخدام مياه الالومينا AL2O3 ومياه ثاني اوكسيد التيتانيوم TiO2.كموائع نانويه (n | Nucleate boiling regime can be considered one of most effective ways to increase the heat exchange in a relatively small area. Pool boiling heat transfer nanofluid was investigated experimentally using Al2O3 - water and TiO2 - water nanofluids. The experimental test rig consists of boiling vessel and electrically heated plate heating element of stainless steel as heating element. Different concentrations of nanofluids were tested (0.05w %, 0.1w %, 0.3 w%, and 0.5 w %). The nanofluids for Al2O3 and TiO2 were prepared by mixing the( Al2O3 and TiO2) nanoparticles with distilled water in magnetic stirrer for three time periods at (2, 3 and 4) hours and for 1 hour in an ultrasonic bath to suspend the nanoparticles in base fluid. The nanofluids were scanned by scanning electron microscope to ensure well dispersion of nanoparticles in distilled water. Experiments were carried out firstly using pure water then nanofluid to compare the heat transfer enhancement. Results give maximum enhancement ratio in heat transfer rate of (100%) for 0.5% weight concentration for Al2O3 - water nanofluid and (81.82%) for TiO2 - water nanofluid at the same concentration. In both nanofluids the enhancement ratio increases with increased nanoparticle concentrations.This lead to increase in pool boiling heat transfer coefficient.

دراسة حركية التفاعل لوحدة التهديب بالعامل المساعد في مصفى الدورة == Kinetics Study of Catalytic Reforming Process In Daura Refinery

Author name: حيدر مجيد خضير
Supervisor name: محمد فاضل عبد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Catalytic naphtha reforming is one of the key processes in petroleum refining, converting gasoline boiling range low - octane hydrocarbons to high - octane compounds which can be blended into gasoline. Other valuable by products include hydrogen and cracked light gases. Modeling of a typical semi - regenerative catalytic reformer of Duara refinery has been carried out involving most its key constituent units. Kinetic modeling of the reactions occurring in the fixed bed reactors connected in series formed the most significant part of the overall simulation effort. A reaction scheme involving (15 pseudo components) connected to gether by a network of 30 reactions for components in the C5 - C10 range has been modeled. The Hougen - Watson Langmuir - Hinshelwood type reaction rate expressions are used to represent rate of each reaction. Deactivation of the catalyst was modeled by including the corresponding equations for coking kinetics. It was found that Paraffines and Naphthenes undergo a continuous reduction through the three reactors while the rate of formation of aromatics is becoming slower as the reactants proceed to the third reactor. The reactor of naphtha reforming could be considered as a hydrogen production.

ازالة الكبريت من زيت الوقود باستخدام الاكسدة المعززة بالموجات الفوق الصوتية == Ultrasound - Assisted Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil

Author name: جعفر مازن جعفر
Supervisor name: نيران خليل ابراهيم | ولاء عبد الهادي نوري
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Due to the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur emissions associated with the exhaust of engines, sulfur content specification for diesel fuels became more and more stringent worldwide. Last environmental regulations for ultralow sulfur diesel require very deep desulfurization processing, which cannot be met by the conventional hydrodesulfurization process (HDS).The present work focuses on benefiting from integrating an ultrasoundassisted oxidative desulfurization process (UAODS) with the conventional HDS process to produce ultra - low sulfur fuels. The proposed method involves a batch ultrasound - assisted oxidative desulfurization process to desulfurize a previously hydrotreated diesel containing 480 ppm sulfur. The oxidizing system used was H2O2/CH3COOH with FeSO4 being used as a catalyst. An ultrasonic probe system was used to enhance the conversion of sulfur - bearing compounds that exist in diesel to sulfones and sulfoxides to affect their removal by a certain separation method, such as extraction or adsorption.The major influential parameters related to UAODS process have been investigated, namely : ratio of oxidant/fuel, ratio of the promoter/oxidant, dose of catalyst, reaction temperature, intensity of ultrasonic waves. A set of comparative studies were also carried out including type of extraction solvent, effect of initial sulfur content, and type of sulfur separation method. Total evaluation for the treated diesel was performed, including GC - MS analysis which has been used to monitor the change of organic sulfur compounds andhydrocarbons in diesel during the desulfurization process.The oxidation treatment, in combination with ultrasonic irradiation, revealed a synergistic effect for diesel desulfurization. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency for sulfur compounds could amount to 98%, and sulfur level can be reduced to 12 ppm at mild operating conditions (70 and 1 bar). This indicates that this process is so efficient and promising for the production of ultra - low sulfur diesel fuels.The kinetics of the reaction has been also studied. It was observed that the UAODS of diesel fuels fitted pseudo - first - order kinetics under the studied experimental conditions. During this process, values of the apparent rate constant and activation energy were 0.373 min - 1 and 24 kJ/mol, respectively.

تخمين حركية تفاعل ازالة الكبريت للنفثا الثقيلة العراقية == Prediction of Kinetic Reaction of Iragi Heavy Naphtha Desulferization

Author name: سها سامي قاسم
Supervisor name: زيدون محسن شكور
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: واحدة من التحديات في مصافي تكرير النفط الخام في الاونة الاخيرة هو الحد من محتوى الكبريت من النفثا الثقيلة الى الحدود الدنيا. في هذا البحث تم اخذ مواصفات محتوى الكبريت للنفثا الثقيلة بمعدل 632 جزء في المليون الى 2.5 جزء في المليون، في درجات حرارة التفاعل ( | One of the recent challenges in the petroleum refineries is the reduction of sulfur content of heavy naphtha to the new lower limits. In this reaserch, was taken the specification of the sulfur content of heavy naphtha at arrange 632 ppm to 2.5 ppm, The range of reaction temperatures is (35 - 175) oC and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) at range of (1.3 - 1.4) hr - 1 and hydrogen pressure is 35 bars.The simulators are useful tools to manage operation and to improve the profitability of the process. In this study, excel and Matlab program were developed to simulate hydrodesulferization process (HDS) in vapor phase reactor of heavy naphtha hydrotreating unit of Daura refinery, the comparison between the plan results with HDS reactor model results was made.. Based on the model results the optimum operating conditions were determined. Acomputer program MATLAB (Matrix Laborator) it is software for developed code of kinetic parameter estimation problem using the estimation method and least square as objective function and new GA as solving method. The code was implemented on personal computer (intel (R) Core (TM) i3 CPU, 2.39 GHz processor, 2 GB RAM). The function to be minimized was the sum of squares of the differences between calculated and measured concentration.Genetic optimization method was used to define the parameters of desulfurization reaction kinetic. This hydrotreating reaction kinetic model for desulfurization of Daura heavy naphtha was determined for heavy naphtha boiling point range of (35 - 175) C and using a commercial (HDS) catalyst cobalt - molybdenum (Co - Mo) supported of alumina.The result showed that the order of kinetic reaction was first order for heavy naphtha hydrotreating with (Co - Mo) supported of alumina, and the graphically method is more suitable and less error than optimization method for represent the kinetic reaction for heavy naphtha hydrotreating in Daura refinery.

تطبيقات الطرق العددية في التاكل الكلفاني للمعادن المزدوجة == Applications of Numerical Methods In Galvanic Corrosion of Coupled Metals

Author name: بسمة محمد كاظم الشاهر
Supervisor name: جمال مانع علي الربيعي
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Industrial Processes
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Process Engineering Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة سلوك تاكل معادن النحاس والكربون الصلب والزنك في تراكيز مختلفة من حامض الهيدروكلوريكHCl) ) (0.025، 0.05 و0.075 مولاري ) عند درجات حرارة مختلفة (30، 40 و50 درجة مئوية) باستخدام القياسات الكهروكيميائية (Electrochemical Measurements) في حالة المعا | The corrosion behaviors of metals Copper, Carbon Steel and Zinc in a different concentrations of HCl acid (0.025, 0.05 and 0.075M) at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C) were investigated using electrochemical measurements in couple and single state.The galvanic behaviors of coupled metals (Cu - Fe),( Cu - Zn) and (Fe - Zn)were studied using Zero Resistance Ammeter (ZRA) technique, it has been used to measure the galvanic current (Ig) and galvanic potential (Eg) with time. The galvanic corrosion cells for all couples have equal areas of anode and cathode (2×2cm).The galvanic current density (ig) is increased with increasing solution concentration and temperature. The galvanic potential (Eg) is shifted to less negative with increasing solution concentration and temperature and it is close to the corrosion potential of the anode in the couple conditions.The potentiostatic polarization behavior of single three metals (Copper, Carbon Steel and Zinc) in different concentrations of dilute HCl acid (0.025, 0.05 and 0.075M) at temperature (40°C) is found under activation control. The corrosion current density is increases with increasing solution concentration and gives the following arrangement of metals : Cu> Fe > Zn A numerical analysis of galvanic corrosion was presented. The analysis was based on three numerical methods as the boundary element method (BEM), the finite element method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM).The potential and current density distributions on the galvanic elements are described by the Laplace equation. The Laplace equation was solved numerically, to determine the potential, current density, and corrosion caused by the galvanic cell using designed computer programs in MATLAB R2014a. The experimentally determined polarization curves have been used in order to define the nonlinear boundary conditions. This boundary value problem has been solved using Newton - Raphson iterative numerical procedure. For the three couple systems (Cu - Fe, Fe - Zn and Cu - Zn), the results obtained for galvanic potential and current density, using the numerical methods (BEM, FEM and FDM) with the overall deviations are 6.689, 10.818 and 18.846 respectively for galvanic current density and 0.631, 1.210 and 1.787 respectively for galvanic potential. From these results it can conclude that the galvanic current density and galvanic potential distribution calculated from the BEM model was in good agreement with the experimental measurements. These are because the main advantages of the BEM over the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM) are high accuracy, discretization on the boundary only which results in a very small number of unknowns, easy dealing with non - regular boundaries and openings that only the domain boundary of interest is required to be discrete, also BEM needs fewer equations and a smaller matrix size than FEM and can solve both finite and infinite domain problems.

تاثير الحماية من التاكل بواسطة الليزر على سبائك الالمنيوم == The Effect of Laser Surface Melting Corrosion Protection On Al Alloys

Author name: هبة خميس اسماعيل
Supervisor name: شذى احمد سامح
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تاثير المعاملة بالليزر على تاكل سبائك الالومنيوم (7075, 6061, 5083) المغمورة في محلول ملحي (كلوريد الصوديوم) بمختلف التراكيز. وقد تم اعداد عينات من سبائك الالومنيوم ذات ابعاد (2 ملم) سمك وقطر (25 ملم)، وكانت تجارب الاستقطاب في مح | The objectives of the present project are to generate uniform melted layers, free of large second phases to assess the corrosion resistance of the laser treated surface in comparison with the untreated alloy. So disc samples of (7075, 6061 and 5083) aluminum alloys of 2 mm thickness and 25 mm diameter, have been prepared. Polarization tests were carried out in (M lab potentiostat / galvanostat) (Germany) at 298K temperature and (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) % wt of NaCl solution. The experiments were carried out before and after laser surface melting by (Nd : YAG, MED - 810) pulse laser, system (Q - Switched Nd : YAG 1064/532nm). Before laser surface melting the results showed that the value of the corrosion current density obviously increases with increasing the concentration of NaCl from 1.5% to 3.5%. As well as higher Cl - ions concentration more negative pitting potential (Epit) of aluminum alloys and decrease in the electrochemical stability of aluminum. The corrosion rate for the specimen 7075 is larger than that of 6061 and 5083 aluminum alloys under the same conditions. So it means that the specimens 6061 and 5083 have high resistance to corrosion in NaCl solution After laser surface melting the results showed that the surface of aluminum alloys became more homogenous and pure after treatment.It was found that the corrosion current density decreases after Laser Surface melting at about three orders than that of untreated samples, therefore, the value of the corrosion rate of laser - treated alloy is smaller than that of the untreated. As well as the pitting corrosion potential after Laser Surface melting obviously shifted to more positive direction for all aluminum alloys in different concentrations of the NaCl solution.

تطبيق اللابفيو والخوارزمية الوراثية في السيطرة على مبادل حراري من نوع الصفائح == Application of LabVIEW And Genetic Algorithm For Controlling of Plate Heat Exchanger

Author name: ايمن فوزي زوين
Supervisor name: زيدون محسن شكور
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Refining and Gas Technology
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Chemical Engineering - Chemical Engineering and Oil Refining Branch
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة السلوك الديناميكي لمبادل حراري من نوع الصفائح ( يتكون من 24 صفيحة ) والسيطرة عليه. الموديل النظري للمبادل طور بالاستناد على الموازنة الحرارية لصفائح المبادل.نتائج الموديل توضح السلوك الديناميكي للمبادل حيث تبين انه من الدرجة الاولى بالتقديم ((le | In this work the dynamic behavior of a plate heat exchanger (PHE) (consists of 24 plates) both experimentally and theoretically and the control of the system were studied. A theoretical model for the plate heat exchanger was developed based on the heat balance. A step change is carried in the hot water flow which is considered as a manipulated variable.The results of plate heat exchanger (PHE) showed that the dynamic behavior of plate heat exchanger in this work is dynamically as a first order lead and second order overdamped lag with a significant delay time as shown below : G(p)=(T ?_co (s))/(m ?_h (s) )= ((0.2645s+1.411) e^( - 5.63s))/(0.2156s^2+12.34s+1) The experimental heat transfer measurements of the plate heat exchanger (PHE) indicated that the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is related to the water flow rate (m) by a correlation having the form : U = 10637 m0.7307 To verify the presented model, temperature control was applied theoretically and experimentally to the plate heat exchanger using conventional P, PI and PID controllers with tuning of control parameters by different methods; Ziegler - Nichols, Cohen - Coon and genetic algorithm to find the best values of proportional gain (Kc), integral time (?I) and derivative time (?D). The time domain specifications like rise time, settling time, overshoot and the performance indices, Integral Squared Error (ISE) and Integrated Time - Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) were used to evaluate the performance of different control strategies. The PID controller gave better control results of temperature than other controllers, while Ziegler - Nichols tuning method gave better control results than Cohen - Coon. GA technique is the best method in simulation by compare with Cohen - Coon and Ziegler - Nichols methods. Therefore, GA method is suitable as best technique for systems which have shorter constant time.Cohen - Coon and Ziegler - Nichols methods were used in the experimental work to calculate the controller parameters, while GA method was not used in this stage.

تصميم تناسلي تكاملي تفاضلي مضبب للسيطرة على منظومة روبرت ذات ذراع مفرد متصل بمفصل مرن باستخدام تقنية البوابات المبرمجة == Design of A Fuzzy - PID Controller For Single Link Flexible Joint Robot Using FPGA

Author name: حسين عظيم عباس
Supervisor name: اخلاص حميد كرم | اقبال حسين علي
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اثناء هذا العمل ستتم مناقشة مشكلة وجود المرونة في مفصل منظومة روبوت ذات ذراع مفرد متصل بمفصل مرن، حيث ان وجوده يسبب نمط من التذبذبات الغير مرغوب بها في استجابة النظام، والتي قد تؤدي الى تدهور اداء النظام وعدم استقرار الاستجابة. ايضا تم اقتراح استخدام مسي | In this work, we have discussed the joint flexibility that exists in a single link flexible joint robotic system which causes poorly damped oscillations thatmay degrade system performance. A fuzzy - PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) controller hav

مصادقة الرسائل وتشفير رسالة سمز لتطبيق الروبوت == Message Authentication And Encryption of Sms Message For Android Application

Author name: فاطمة اسعد حسن الحبوبي
Supervisor name: Shaimaa Hameed | Hassan A. Jeiad
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Short Message Service (SMS) is a text based service provided by Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). SMS is one of the most widely, simple and cost effective means for communication between two persons or a group of them.In this thesis a se

تصميم وبناء نظام مراقبة الكتروني للعناية الصحية == Design And Lmplementation of Monitoring System For EHealTh Care Applications

Author name: عبد الله علي جواد
Supervisor name: محمد نجم عبد الله
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اصبح نظام مراقبة الصحة الالكترونية جزء ا مھم ا من الحياة اليومية في السنوات الاخيرة. ان التطور الحاصل في الھواتف المحمولة وغيرھا من الاجھزة المحمولة اعطى نظام مراقبة الصحة الالكتروني امكانية استخدام انواع مختلفة من الشبكات. ان نظام مراقبة الصحة الالكترو | E - Health Monitoring Systems (EHMS) have become very important part of our life in recent years. The development of mobile phones and other handheld devices have given the ability to EHMS for using different types of networks. The EHMS consists of many s

تقنيات الاستنباط للبيانات المكانية باستخدام المحلل الجيواحصائي في نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Interpolation Techniques of Spatial Data Using Geostatistical Analyst In GIS

Author name: غصون عيدان عرب ناصر
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي القرعاوي | حسين زيدان علي
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد اصبحت التغييرات المناخية في البيئة العالمية مصدر قلق في جميع انحاء العالم في السنوات الاخيرة.وبما ان هطول الامطار يعتبر عاملا مناخيا مهما، فان دراسة انماطه الزمانية والمكانية مهم بالنسبة للباحثين الذين يعملون في العديد من المجالات المتفاعلة في اطار ب | Global environment change has become a worldwide concern in recent years. Rainfall is an important climatological parameter, which is useful for researchers working in many disciplines. In this thesis, spatial interpolation techniques were implemented in

شبكة متحسسات لاسلكية ذكية لادارة انظمة الري بالتنقيط والرش == Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network For Management of Drip And Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Author name: امثال خليل موسى
Supervisor name: محمد نجم عبد الله | مؤيد صادق كروك
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis involves investigation for recent technologies used for monitoring and controlling irrigation systems. Besides, it investigates recent existing WSN technologies and their suitability for agricultural applications so as to adopt the most approp

تحقيق وتنفيذ منظومة التشفير المتقدم القياسي باعتماد مصفوفة البوابات المنطقية المبرمجة حقليا == Implementation of Aes Algorithm Based on FPGA Platform

Author name: رلا سامي خضير
Supervisor name: محمد نجم عبد الله | مهند كاظم صابر
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Cryptography plays main role in information security, which is used to protect transformation of electronic data. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is symmetric block cipher that includes generation of ciphers for encryption and inverse ciphers for decry

التاثير المتبادل بين المرشح المضبب ومرشح كالمان للتقليل من الضوضاء المختلطة في الصور == Combination of Fuzzy - Kalman Filters To Reduce The Mixed Noise From Images

Author name: محمد شاكر محمد النجار
Supervisor name: اقبال حسين علي | اخلاص حميد كرم
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هذا العمل يبحث في تطبيقات تقنيتي مرشح كالمان ومرشح المنطق المضبب لازالة الضوضاء المختلطة ((Gaussian, salt and pepper من الصور الرمادية والملونة. حيث ان ترشيح الصور المشوشة لها اهمية كبيرة في مجالات الحياة العملية مثل الطب, انتاج الفيديو, التصوير, الاستشع | This work deals with the application of Kalman filtering techniques and fuzzy logic filtering due to the fine results it gives for denoising mixed noise (Gaussian, salt and peppers) in gray and color images, where image filtering has great importance in w

مطابقة الخطوط عبر الصور الانعكاسية الانكسارية == Line Matching Across Catadioptric Images

Author name: هالة عبد العظيم نعمان الطائي
Supervisor name: اقبال حسين علي | ظافر رافع زغير الواوي
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The 3D techniques today have a wide range of applications, especially in medical and art, it is one of the most promising technologies and important for the future especially in self - drive cars. The error in disparity map and highly computational cost a

تجميع شبكة المحمول المخصص اعتمادا على نظام هجين ظبابي - وراثي == Manet Clustering Based on Hybrid Fuzzy - Genetic System

Author name: رؤى عدنان صبري صالح
Supervisor name: محمد نجم عبد الله | محمود زكي عبد الله
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الطلب على شبكات التنظيم الذاتي، الشفاء الذاتي دون تدخل من مركزية او بنية تحتية وضعت من قبل / سلطة لمتابعة الزيادة في استخدام الشبكات اللاسلكية. علاوة على ذلك، في شبكة المحمول المخصص ) MANET ( يعتبر اختيار رئيس المجموعة تحديا هاما لا سيما في البنيه الح | The demand for self organizing, self healing networks without the interference of centralized or pre - established infrastructure/authority has been adopted to follow the increase in usage of wireless networks. Furthermore, in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET

نظام مراقبة قليل القدرة يعتمد على شبكات المتحسسات اللاسلكية == Low Power Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Author name: قصي شهاب حمد
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي القرعاوي | مؤيد صادق كروك
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر انظمة المراقبة وكشف التطفل شرط مهم لامن الشركات والمؤسسات وحتى بالنسبة للمستخدم العادي. اعتمدت الانواع السابقة من انظمة المراقبة على البشر لادارة عملية المراقبة يدويا. استخدمت تكنولوجيا المتحسسات اللاسلكية في الوقت الحاضر في انظمة المراقبة على مدى و| Monitoring and intruder detection systems have been considered as the most important security condition for companies, institutions and even for the individual users. The old versions of the above systems depend on humans to manage the monitoring manually

تصميم وتنفيذ نظام مراقبة FECG عن بعد بالاعتماد على موقع الكتروني == Design And Implemetation of Remote Web - Based Fetal Electrocardiogram (fecg) Monitoring System

Author name: نور عبد الخالق زغير القريشي
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي القرعاوي | مؤيد صادق كروك
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Recently, healthcare monitoring systems have utilized the modern wireless networks and internet technologies. One of the most developed applications in the healthcare monitoring systems is the fetal heartbeat detection. Obtaining fetal heartbeat has becom

مصادقة المستخدم بالاعتماد على الميزات الديناميكية لضربات المفاتيح باستخدام الشبكة العصبية وطريقة تحليل المكونات الرئيسية == User Authentication Based on Keystroke Dynamics Features Using NN And PCA

Author name: مينا خضر عبيد
Supervisor name: شيماء حميد شاكر | رياض جبار سوداني
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر ديناميات ضربة المفتاح خيارا جيدا للمصادقة على المستخدم بدلا من المصادقة المعتمدة على كلمة المرور التقليدية؛ كلمات السر هي عرضة لهجمات كلمة المرور. ديناميات المفاتيح تعتمد على ميزات التوقيت التي تستخرج عندما يقوم المستخدم بالكتابة باستخدام لوحة المفا | As a behavioral biometrics, Keystroke dynamics are considered a good choice for user authentication rather than the traditional password - based authentication; passwords are vulnerable to password attacks. Keystroke dynamics depend on the timing features

طريقة محدثة لعملية تمييز الصوت == A Modified Approach For The Sound Recognition Process

Author name: مروة فاضل جاسم
Supervisor name: ازاد رحيم كريم
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The issue of discrimination of the sounds is one of the very important issues and has many applications in the field of identifying the sources of the sounds. So there are a lot of researches nowadays that serve this subject and are all looking for the be

تمييز الغير مباشر للحروف اليدوية بواسطة الشبكات العصبية اعتمادا على عدة خوارزميات لاستخلاص الخصائص == Offline Hand Written Letter Recognition Using Neural Networks Based on Multiple Feature Extraction Algorithms

Author name: مريم خلف كاظم
Supervisor name: باسم عبد الباقي جمعة | اياد غازي ناصر
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Technology - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ھو احد حقول البحث في تمييز الانماط والذكاء الاصطناعي. نظام (LR) تمييز الحروف يمكنك من تحويل كتاب او مقالة في مجلة الى ملف في الحاسوب كنسخة الالكترونية، ومن ثم LR تحرير الملف باستخدام محرر نص مثل معالج النصوص. الاسلوب الاكثر شيوع التعليم الشبكة وھذه الخوا | Letter recognition (LR) is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. A LR system is used to transform a scanned book or magazine article into an editable text form. In this work, letter recognition using Arti
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