اسم المؤلف:
ضحى زكي السويفي
اسم المشرف:
احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
المستخلص:
تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التاثيرات السمية الحادة والمزمنة لمبيد 2, 4 - d في نوعين من اسماك الكارب (الاعتيادي والعشبي)، استعمل في دراسة التاثيرات الحادة عدة لكلا النوعين قيد الدراسة وكانت ((170, 165, 160, 155, 145, 140, 130 و(140, 130, 115, 95, 70)ملغم/لتر ع | This study included acute and chronic effects of 2, 4 - d pesticide in two species of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella) using several concentrations for the two carp fish species that were (130, 140, 145, 155, 160, 165, 170) and (70, 95, 115, 130, 140) mg/l respectively for 96 hours, to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the behavioral changes was used as a standard of those effects. Whereas three concentrations (20, 40 and 60) and (10, 15, 25) mg/l respectively for the two carp species were used in the chronic exposure for six weeks. The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe these effects through the study period. The value of LC50 for common carp fish were 157.77, 157.25, 156.41 and 152.62 mg/l. For grass carp, LC50 were 115.92, 114.92, 112.94 and 96.52 mg/l for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs of exposure to 2, 4 - d pesticide concentrations respectively.Behavioral changes were recorded more effects in high concentrations than in low concentrations. To discover the toxic effects of this substance on fish, many parameters were used. They included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swam near the water surface. While in chronic effects, blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V., Haemoglobin Hb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P?0.001) and exposure periods (P?0.05) in comparison with control. The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common and grass carp fish after chronic exposure to 2, 4 - d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, blood congestion, epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney.
