Author name:
هبه مشتاق احمد علي البدري
Supervisor name:
محمد مهدي صالح الدليمي
Abstract:
The project conducted in this research work was carried out from October 2013 to May 2014 which leads to this thesis. It full's into five chapters. All these chapters cover up the survey, the practical part of preparing,manufacturing and testing many designs that have been adopted during this research work, and the results were subjected into various mathematic and data treatment.Chapter One : discuses the light (first part) absorption process and describes FIA in general (second part), it is classification and fundamentally involved ideas , the uses and applications of FIA. Chapter one also reviews the use of Ceric sulfate (third part) as a reagent definition, properties, uses and the applications. This chapter ends with the aim of the project.Chapter Two : In this chapter a complete description of the chemicals, their preparations and, using them throughout this project. This chapter also describes the use of flow system with all it is components (i.e. peristaltic pump, connection tubes, junction(Y - junction), six ports injection valve, reaction coil, and measuring readout system).Chapter Three : consists of three parts. The first part describes the design of Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer. The idea of the use with the application of new flow injection microphotometer was build up to measure the responses. Flow injection microphotometer was made based on the use of a solar silicon cells as a detectors, and LEDs as an irradiation sources.The second part deals with calculation of dilution factor. This study was carried out to evaluate the change in concentration at each location of the designed manifold system via the chasse of an air bubble.The third part deals with the analysis carried out in this research work.Three different phenolic compounds (Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol, and Pyrogallol) were subjected by Ceric sulfate as oxidizing agent. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out using Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer, the linear range, limit of detection (L.O.D) and percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability were 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1 , 36.63 ng/sample and < 1.5% successively for Pyrocatechol, and 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1, 17.17 ng/sample, and < 0.7% respectively for Resorcinol. While 5 - 40 mMol.L - 1, 41.61 ng/sample, and < 2 % for Pyrogallol. The method was applied successfully for determination of the mentioned phenolic compounds in pure samples. A comparison was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry) at wave length 492, 481, and 438 nm for Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol and pyrogallol espectively of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of aired t - test. The obtained results was treated mathematically, it was noticed hat there was no significant difference between two different methods for analysis of three different organic compounds; in addition to no significant difference in the contribution of the Pyrocatechol, Resorcinol and pyrogallol to the oxidation reaction path, at 95% confidence level.Chapter Four : deals with the analysis of two different drugs (first part : Amiloride, and second part Ciprofloxacin) carried out in this research work using Ceric sulfate as a oxidizing agent. A comprehensive detailed study was carried out by Ayah 3SBGRx3 - 3D solar cell CFIA microphotometer, the linear range, limit of detection (L.O.D) and percentage relative standard deviation for repeatability were 0.0005 - 10 mMol.L - 1, 9.471 ng/sample, and < 1.3% successively for Amiloride. 0.05 - 12 mMol.L - 1, 0.300 ?g/sample, and < 0.6%, for Ciprofloxacin. The method was applied successfully for determination of mentioned drugs in pharmaceuticals formulation. A comparison (forAmiloride ) was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry at wave length 540nm) of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of paired t - test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the quoted value of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method, in addition to comparison between two methods and calculate tvalue, it was noticed that there was no significant differences between two methods at 99% but a significant difference at 95% confidence level. A comparison (for Ciprofloxacin) was made between the newly developed method and the classical method (UV - Vis spectrophotometry) at wave length 551nm of analysis using the standard additions method via the use of paired t - test. It showed that there was no significant difference between the quoted values of each individual company with calculated t - value at 95% confidence interval from developed method, in addition to comparison between two methods and calculate t - value, it was noticed that there was no significant difference between two methods at 95%.Chapter Five : This chapter concludes few interesting points based on the obtained results throughout this research work, such as Conclusions and future prospect, Published work, and references.
