Author name:
طاهر عبد الله حسن الملحمي
Supervisor name:
عبد الستار مطلك درويش
University location:
Anbar
Abstract:
Arab gave a special interest to the civilizational aspects and they used the writing process in so many perspectives in the earlier time before. Further, in an earlier time, so many scientific books of the historical aspects had appeared in both East and West. These books prepared great information about the cities that Arab scientists and researchers visited, such as Ibn Jubeer(614 AH.), in his scientific trip which is named (Ticket news for travel agreements),and Ibn Batota(779 AH.) in his scientific trip (Catching masterpiece in oddity Alomassar and the wonders of travel ). Some of the Arab researchers gave an interest during the study of these trips by which the importance of our subject which is the tripe of the Jew, Penjameen Al - tattily(561 - 569 AH./1165 - 1173 AD.) to be a study of a master degree because he is not Arabian and not Muslim. So it is an attempt to find out what he wrote and mentioned about the situations of Jews in the Mediterranean. Al - tattily set out from Andalusia to Zaragoza, and then he visited the countries of the Mediterranean such as France, Italy, and Byzantine Empire. Then, he reaches the Islamic countries in the East. He visited several cities and countries during the Abbasid Caliphate and the Fatimid Caliphate. Al - tattely was the considered as the envoy from Jews politicians in order to see the situations of Jews in all the countries that they live, and especially in the Islamic world. The Islamic countries was considered from Jews as the save zone for the Jews people. He gave a study for the trip of the Jews in the East and West, and he gave a statistical number for any city that they travelled from. The aim of his study was to hide the truth about Jews situations in East and West, and to make an analogy between the two sides in order to be sure of their good situations in the Eastern Islamic countries, as it was confirmed by Peniameen Al - tettely. The Jews was received a good treatment and an interest from Muslims in contrary of the miser level living and the bad treatment that they received from European and how they were castaway and hated in the European societies in specific and in the Western societies in general. Jews tried to distort the Islamic religion in their historical writings. From this study, It can be noticed the following : - It was recognized that the Islamic world and since, it was founded by the Prophet Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him) had granted liberty to Dhimmis(people who are not Muslims such as Jews). Furthermore, according to what is named as( Dar al - Islam), Jews were given a great liberty in the Islamic countries. That is to say, Jews were interested in their religious worshipping and their work inside the Islamic society. But, in the West, Jews were given miser treatment when they were living during the middle ages in the European societies so they set out to the other countries and especially to the Islamic ones in order to live peacefully. - The trip of Peniameen Al - tattely has a special character which is characterized by its difficult style, and it is possible to name it as a semi - style. This semi - style is different from the other trips such as the Islamic trips and the trips coming from Europe the Torah. - The situations of Jews were differently recognized between East and West because of the different relationships between them, and for the different political governments between East and West. In the Islamic countries, Jews has all rights by which they were considered by the Muslim caliphs as dhimmis, and they were imposed to pay what is named in Islam as tribute. Additionally, Muslims caliphs appointed so many Jews in the administrative and the financial jobs. But in Europe, they suffered from persecution and the displace. This thesis is started with an introduction, the analysis of the references and the conclusions. Further, the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is a study about tribes and globetrotters (people who did the tribes). These tribes are very important because they were considered as the resources that the researcher depends on. In this chapter, there is a recognize about the character who did the tribe, and the reasons behind his leaving the Western countries and going to Eastern cities, and why he then, came back to the Western ones. The second chapter is about the European Jews, and to shed light on the way of their live there. Also, in this chapter, the researcher speaks about the way of liberation of Andalusia and the stand of Jews from this liberation. It is worth mentioning that in this thesis, there is a reference to the situations of Jews before the liberation of Andalusia. It also sheds light on the political situations of the countries of the Mediterranean basin(France, Italy and the Byzantine Empire). Finally, this chapter shows the stand of Christians towards Jews. The third chapter is about the situations of Jews in Abbasid state, and the stand of Abbasid succession. This chapter is also to speak about the political and social situations of Jews that were so good under the rules of Muslims. Furthermore, there is a reference to Jews schools that have a prominent status in Islam, and to speak about Head Galot(Ra's aljalut) and its position, and the charm of the Christian, Dawood Bin Al - Rohy. The fourth chapter is a study about Fatimids entering to Egypt, and the situations of Jews under the Fatimids state and the stand of Fatimids from Jews. Also there is a reference to the jobs that Jews professed under the Fatimids rules. Then, this chapter shows how Jews built churches and houses, and what is the stand of Fatimids successors from these churches and houses. It is worth mentioning that the importance of this chapter comes from the fact that it shows us the living level of Jews from one hand. From the other hand, it shows us their freedom of practicing the religious rituals and other religious occasions and building churches, houses and also building other synagogues
