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دراسة التغايرات الجينية النقطية في جيني Toll - like Receptor 2 وجين Interlukin12 في مرضى التدرن == Study the single nucleotide Polymorphism of Toll - like Receptor 2 and Interlukin 12 Genes in Tuberculosis Patients

Author name: بشرى جبار حمود التميمي

Supervisor name: زهرة محسن علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

تقييم بعض المؤشرات الحيوية لمرضى سرطان الرئة == Evaluation of Some Biomarkers in Patients with Lung Cancer

Author name: ضفاف حميد عبد الصاحب المظفر

Supervisor name: قسور موسى جعفر الطريحي| وسن سامي حميد شكر

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية ل Streptococcus pneumoniae المعزولة من مرضى المصابين بمرض الانداس الرئوي المزمن == Phenotypic and Genotypic Study of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Author name: زهراء يوسف خضير مطوق

Supervisor name: حوراء عبد الامير الدهان | حبيب صاحب نهر

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

التشخيص الجزيئي والتحري عن الجينات المشفرة لعوامل الضراوة للزوائف الزنجارية المعزولة من العينات السريرية والبيئية == Molecular Identification and Detection of Virulence Encoding Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples

Author name: عادل عبادي اللهيبي

Supervisor name: مهدي حسين العمار

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

عزل وتوصيف الانزيمات القاطعة Bli12 و Bli32 من بكتيريا Bacillus licheniformis في بعض الترب العراقية == Isolation and Characterization of Restriction Enzymes Bli12 and Bli32 from Bacillus licheniformis in some Iraqi Soils

Author name: شيماء ربيع بعنون

Supervisor name: زهرة محسن علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة فعالية اللايكوبين المضادة لفايروس الحلا البسيط من النوع الاول (في الزجاج) == tHE potential antiviral of lycopene on herpes simplex - 1; invitro study

Author name: احمد هادي سعيد

Supervisor name: خالدة كاظم عباس الكلابي | هاشم رحيم طارش الجنابي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

التوصيف المظهري والجزيئي والوظيفي لبعض الاحياء المجهرية المعزولة من اللحوم الحمراء والبيضاء في محافظة النجف == Morphological, Molecular and Functional Characterization of some Microorganisms Isolated from Red and White Meats in Najaf Province

Author name: بـسـعاد عبد زيد عبود الفتلاوي

Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

التحديد الجزيئي لمورثات البيتلاكتاميز في العزلات السريرية لبكتريا ال Morganella morganii == Molecular Detection of Beta - Lactamase Genes in Clinical Isolates of Morganella morganii

Author name: صديق غني جودة المحنا

Supervisor name: عباس شاكر المحنة

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة بعض عوامل الضراوة لبكتريا E.cloacae وتاثيرها في تحفيز الاستجابة المناعية للحيوانات المختبرية == Study of some E.cloacae virulence factors and their role in stimulation of immune response in Lab animals

Author name: بشائر احمد العميدي

Supervisor name: مهدي حسين العمار

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة بكتيريولوجية وجزيئية لبكتريا Enterobacter spp. المعزولة من عينات مرضية مختلفة == Bacteriological and molecular study of Enterobacter spp Isolated from different clinical specimens

Author name: انتظار نعيم عبد

Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

الكشف المظهري والجزيئي لبكتريا الزائفة الزنجارية المقاومة لمضاد الكاربابنيم في مستشفيات النجف الاشرف == Phenotypic and Molecular Detecting of Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Najaf Hosp

Author name: جمال محمد رضا علي الشرع

Supervisor name: علي محسن نعمة المحنة

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

الكشف عن دور الزوائف الزنجارية في اصابة القناة التنفسية عند الاطفال باستخدام تقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل المتعدد في محافظة النجف == Detection the Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Respiratory Tract Infection in Children by Using Multiplex - PCR in Najaf Province

Author name: علي عبد الحسين الفتلاوي

Supervisor name: حوراء عبد الامير الدهان

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

تاثير فوسفات الصوديوم في بكتريا الزوائف الزنجارية المعزولة من اصابات القناة البولية خارج الجسم الحي وداخله == Effect of sodium phosphate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Urinary tract infections In vitro and In vivo

Author name: مروة عبد حسين المحمدي

Supervisor name: عبد المجيد عبد الله السعدي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

توصيف مظهري ووراثي لبكتيريا Moraxella catarrhalis المعزولة من اصابات القناة التنفسية == Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated From Respiratory Tract Infections

Author name: زهراء عبد الحسين المؤمن

Supervisor name: عبد المجيد عبد الله السعدي | حوراء عبد الامير علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة جزيئية لعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا Klebsiella spp. المعزولة من خمجات الجروح والحروق == Molecular Study For Virulence Factors Of Klebsiella spp. Isolated From Wound And Burn Infections

Author name: رؤى شلتاغ نايل الرديني

Supervisor name: عباس شاكر المحنة

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة امكانية دور الابشتاين - بار فايروس في التهاب اللوزتين المزمن == Study the possible role of Epstein - Barr virus in chronic tonsillitis

Author name: موسى نعمة مزهر الجعيفري

Supervisor name: محمد عبود محسن | اسعد عبد الحمزه الجنابي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

توصيف عزلات الفطر Aspergillus spp. الحاملة لجين aflR الملوثة لبعض الاغذية في اسواق النجف الاشرف وامكانية مقاومتها احيائيا == Characterization of Aspergillus spp. Isolates that are carrying the aflR Gene That pollute some Foods in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Markets and the capability of resisting them biologically

Author name: ابتسام بشير كاظم الساعدي

Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا علي الجميلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

توصيف الانزيمات الحالة للبروتينات والدهون والمنتجة من البكتريا العصوية Bacillus subtilis == Characterization of Proteases and Lipases Produced by Bacillus subtilis

Author name: ليلى صالح عبد الحسن المعموري

Supervisor name: عبد المجيد عبد الله السعدي | زهرة محسن علي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

دراسة تاثير المضاد الحيوي ومحددات عوامل الضراوة في بكتريا المكورات المعوية المعزولة من المرضى المصابين بالبيلا البيكتيرية في النجف الاشرف == Study of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Determinants among Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Patients with Significant Bacteriuria in Najaf

Author name: كوثر عدنان حسن الياسري

Supervisor name: علي محسن المحنة

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

عزل وتشخيص الفطريات المسببة لمرض تبقع الاوراق البني على الرز واستخدام المكافحه المتكامله على المرض في محافظة النجف == Isolation and Identification of Fungi causing of Brown Leaf spot Disease on Rice and use the complete

Author name: موسى نعمه مزهر

Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا الجميلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

انتاج سماد حيوي من لقاح سلالة البكتريا Azospirillum irakense

Author name: سعاد وحيد كاظم

Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا الجميلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

عزل وتشخيص المبيضات من المرضى المصابين بداء السلاق الفموي في محافظة النجف الاشرف مع دراسة جزيئية لبعض عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Candida Spp. From Patients With Oral Thrush In Al - Najaf Province And Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors

Author name: ايهاب يحيى جابرالعلياوي

Supervisor name: فاطمة عبد الحسين التميمي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: تشمل هذه الدراسة بعض المعايير السريرية لمرضى نقص المناعة (مرض السكري والسرطان وزرع الكلى)، والمصابين بداء المبيضات الفموي والتي تضمنت العمر والجنس. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو عزل وتشخيص انواع المبيضات. بطرق مختلفة بما في ذلك التشخيص المباشر، والتحضين في الم | The present study was conducted to isolation and identification of Candida spp. Isolated from immunocompromised patients with (Diabetes, Cancer & Kidney transplant) by different identification methods including direct examination, laboratory culture, biochemical tests and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and determine the virulence factors phenotypic to Candida spp. and genetic polymorphism in Candida albicans in secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP2). During the period from October 2013 to February 2014, a total of 140 oral swab were collected from immunocompromised patients with attending to the three center in AL - Sadder Medical City (Oncology center and kidney center and Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology).In AL - Najaf Governorate, the samples were collected as following : - 110 mouth swabs from patients suffering from leukemia, prostate, stomach and bowel cancer, also 10 mouth swabs from kidney transplant patients and 20 mouth swabs from diabetes. The percentage of female to male was as following, female (86) 64(72.7%) infected, 22(42.3%) uninfected and male (54) 30(57.7%) uninfected, 24(27.3%) infected, with age range between (5 - 64) years. In this study, the results show that the incidence of candidiasis in women was higher than the male also the most cases of candidiasis in patients age range between (45 - 54) years. The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence of oral candidiasis from patient with cancer was more than diabetes & kidney transplant patients which was 72(81.18%), 12(13.65%) & 4(4.54%) respectively. When culturing oral samples on the primary isolation media Sabouroud dextrose agar (SDA) and the secondary media on CHROM agar, The results reveal the presence of 88 isolates belong to Candida spp.which include : - 42 (47.68%) belong to Candida albicans, 20 (22.72%) belong to Candida. dubliniensis, 18 (20.5%)belong to Candida krusei, 6 (6.8%) belong to Candida glabrata & 2 (2.3%) belong to Candida parapsilosis. According to this result, Candida albicans was found the most frequently isolated species and the occurrence of the other non - albicans isolates such as Candida dubliniensis and which followed Candida albicans in frequency of the isolates in oral candidiasis. In this study, the ability of C.albicans & non - albicans was tested to produce some virulence factors such as production of enzymes phospholipase, lipase, germ tube, chlamydospore & biofilms when culturing Candida spp. on different media. The results of the culture show that Candida albicans produces all virulence factor included germ tube, chlamydospore, biofilms & phospholipase. Some species share several phenotypic characteristics ability to produce enzymes of phospholipase such as C.krusei while C.dubliniensis produce chlamydospore, when culturing in the Casein agar & produce biofilms, In addition the molecular tests to was used for Candida albicans confirm the ability to secreted aspartyl proteinase (ASP2). This study showed the amplified from the Candida spp. as following : - C.albicans 306 bp, C.glabrata 594 bp, C.parapsliosis 387 bp, C.krusei 651 bp & C.dubliniensis 451 bp.

تقييم بعض جينات المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية في عزلات الكلبسيلا == Evaluation of Some Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Klebsiella Isolates

Author name: زاهد سعدون عزيز

Supervisor name: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة | سلمان عزيز عدوس

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم انتشار جينات البيتا لاكتاميز ? - lactamases ومنها جينات البيتا لاكتاميز الواسعة الطيف lactamases - Extended Spectrum ? وجينات اخرى مثل جينات المقاومة للكوينولونات Quinolones المرتبطة بالبلازميدات plasmid mediated quinolones | The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of plasmid mediated ? - lactamases including Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases and non - lactamases and study the horizontal gene transfer. A total of 800 of urine samples were taken from patient suffering from urinary tract infections had been collected during a period from February, to September of 2012, from the hospitals of AL - Najaf province. All the samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. From those 300 samples gave positive bacterial growth , 250 were lactose fermentative isolates, which were submitted to conventional tests including IMVIC and motility tests ultimately lactose fermentative, non motile isolates were candidate to Vitek 2 system to confirm the identification. the results revealed that there were 42 (16.8%) of isolates identified as Klebsiellae represented by Klebsiella pnumoniae ssp pneumoniae, 9(3.6%) of isolates diagnosed as Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 1(0.4%) for both K. pnumoniae ssp.ozeanae and Raoultella planticola. Screening tests were performed , disk diffusion test revealed different pattern of resistance, screening of ESBLS by MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 2 mg /l of Ceftazidime showed that 31 (58.5%) of isolates were initially ESBLS producers.Phenotypes confirmatory tests were conducted to different classes of antimicrobial agents, Disk synergism test revealed that 20(37.74%) of isolates were ESBLS positive, while Disk combination test by Ceftazidime + clav and Cefepime + clav revealed that 28(52.83%) and 43(81.13%) were ESBLS producers respectively, disk replacement test pointed that positive isolates were 26(49%), vitek2 system revealed 33(62%) of isolates were ESBLS producers.Imipenem - Ceftazidime antagonism test revealed that there was no isolate produce induced AmpC beta - lactamase, AmpC disc test revealed that no one of isolates were AmpC producer.The result of MHT(Modified Hodge test) revealed that all isolates were not Carbapenemases producers. Molecular study of different antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, the results reveald high percent of occurence as follow : blaTEM genes (90.6%), blaSHV gene(81.13%), blaCTX - M genes (88.6%), sul genes (88.6%), aac(6')Ib - cr genes (84.9%) and qnr - B genes (41.5%).the study also highlighted an association between studied genes. Finally many attempts to study of gene transfer by conjugation were conducted but all of them were failed, except one isolate (No. 5) was succeeded with frequency of conjugation (0.5×10 - 7). This study concluded that there were high prevalence of some plasmid mediated genes of isolates with clear multi gene resistance patterns as compared with some other genes which propose the high selective pressure of these genes and isolates might acquired resistance by mobile elements such as plasmids and integrons.

دراسة بعض الجينات المشفرة لعوامل الضراوة لبكتريا Acinetobacter baumannii المعرزلة من العينات السريرية == Study of Some Virulence Factors Encoded Genes of Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated From Clinical Samples

Author name: عصام محمد طاهر الخويلدي

Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة على300عينة سريريه مختلفة حصل عليها من الجروح والادرار والقشع والدم خلال الفترة من ايلول 2013 الى شباط 2014.منها 102(34%) لا يوجد نمو بينما 198(66%) نمت على وسط زرعي متخصص. شخصت عشرة عزلات من Acinetobacter baumannii من مائة وثمانية وتسعون من | Out of 300 various clinical samples obtained from wounds, urine, sputum, blood through the period from September, 2013 to February, 2014 of which 102 samples(34%) yielded no growth while 198 samples (66%) were positive growth on selective media. Ten isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were identified among one hundred ninety eight of Gram - negative bacteria grown on MacConkey agar that was isolated from different clinical specimens in Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf province hospitals. A.baumannii identification depends on morphological, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as the initial identification. Also it was identified by both blood agar containing D - glucose and growth at 44?C. The final identification was performed by Api20E to confirm from all A.baumannii isolates..Distribution of A.baumannii among various clinical specimens where 4 isolates (40%) of wounds specimens and 3(30%) of urine specimens, followed by 2 isolates(20%) and one isolate(10%) of sputum and blood specimens respectively.The virulence factors of A.baumannii were studied, including bioflim formation, adhesion, capsule, hemolysin and protease, beta _lactamases production. The results indicate that 60% of A.baumannii formed the biofilm, 90% of isolates have ability to adhesion to epithelial cell and 70% of isolates was the capsule production, 80% of A.baumannii isolates able to produces beta _lactamases while all A.baumannii isolates cannot produce of both hemolysin and protease.The results showed variation in the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics where all A.baumannii isolates 100% resistance to each of cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, ceftriaxon, piperacillin while 90% resistance toticarcillin - clavulanic acid, 50% resistance to tobramycin and 30% to ciprofloxacin. 20% of all isolates showed resistance to each of amikacin, Doxicycline, imipenem, meropenem.By using Combing Disc Test(CDT) method to detect Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases(ESBLs) and metallo ? - lactamases (MBLs) production.Where 90% of A.baumannii showed ability to produce of ESBLs while only 20% showed ability to MBLs production.The genotypic method was used to detect csuE, ompA genes and also some of ? - lactamases genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM - 1 by using Polymerase Chain Reaction technique.The results showed that 60% of all A.baumannii isolates produce phenotypic biofilm and 30% carry csuE gene of all isolates while 50% when compared with isolates that show phenotypic formation of biofilm and the distribution of gene among all clinical specimens where 50 %, 33.3% and 25% in sputum, urine and wounds specimens respectively while not present in blood specimens. The results showed that 40% of all A.baumannii isolates carry ompA gene while 44.4% when compared with isolates that show phenotypic adhesion and the distribution of gene among all clinical specimens where 100%, 50 %, 33.3% and 25% in blood sputum, urine and wounds specimens respectively.The outcomes showed 70 % of A.baumannii isolates carry blaTEM gene and 40% of A.baumannii isolates carry blaSHV gene while none carry of blaNDM - 1gene. When compared with phenotypic results of ESBLs, MBLs.The results of blaTEM, blaSHV genes become 77.7% and 44.4% respectively.

تاثير مستخلص بذورالحبة السوداء في امراضية طفيلي المتورقة العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Efficiency of Nigella Sativa Seed Extract In Fasciola Gigantica Parasite In Vivo And In Vitro

Author name: شيماء عبد الحسين محمد شلاش

Supervisor name: جاسم حميد رحمة الخزاعي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية خلال المدة من شهر تشرين الثاني 2012 ولغاية تشرين الاول 2013لتقييم فعالية المستخلص الكحولي لبذورالحبة السوداء Nigella sativaفي حيوية بيض وبالغات دودة الكبد العملاقة Fasciola gigantica خارج وداخل الجسم الحي. وبواقع ثلاث تراكيـز 20%, 4 | The present study was conducted during the period from November 2012 till October 2013 to evaluate the effectiveness of the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds on the vitality of eggs and adults liver giant worm Fasciola gigantica In vitro and In vivo in the infected domestic rabbits lepus lepus arabica. Alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds used In vitro at three concentrations 20%, 40%, 60% for each eggs and adults of Fasciola gigantica and In vivo were three doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight in the infected rabbits by this parasite. The result of the current study In vitro revealed that the alcoholic extract for Nigella sativa seeds at 60% has been great effects in reducing the percentage of the eggs hatching to 0% and increasing the mortality percentage of the adult worms to 100% when compared with the control groups. So the results of this study showed that there is not significant differences of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds on the blood components of the healthy rabbits at level P<0.05 while in the infected and treated rabbits there are less significant effect when compared with the infected rabbits. In the infected rabbits showed significant increased in numbers of white blood cells from 5.52*109/L in the negative control to 10.41*109/L in the positive control and significant decreased in numbers of red blood cell from 5.51*1012/L to 4.41*1012/L and haematocrit value from 32.21% to (24.71%) and the amount of hemoglobin from 11.43*gm/dl to 8.53* gm/dl.While the ethanol extract of Nigella sativa seeds reduced the number of WBCs and increased the number of RBCs, PCV and the concentration of hemoglobin. Also the results of the current study In vivo showed that the ability of alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds at dose 600 mg/kg are more effective in reducing the numbers of Fasciola gigantica worms in the infected and treated rabbits when compared with the infected and untreated rabbits. So the total rate number of worms in the positive control 16.7 while 6.4, 2, 0 for doses 200, 400, 600 mg/kg from body weight respectively. Results of histological study in the experimental infected rabbits revealed that the alcoholic extract is very effective for reducing the histopathological changes in the liver, spleen and kidney which caused by the parasite. And the therapeutic efficiency of these extract in dose 600 mg/kg for organs Liver, Spleen, Kidney are 100%. Concluded from the results of this study that the alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa seeds used in treatment the infection of the F.gigantica worm because its therapeutic efficiency and not any side effects to this extract.