Author name:
نـواف فاضل ناصـح السكينـــي
Supervisor name:
رحيـم حلو محمد البهادلي
Abstract:
The subject of professions and handcrafts expatriated to Iraq from the regions of the Islamic Orient during the period (41 - 656h), of important topics that deserve study and research. Because they reflect the extent to the development of peoples and prosperity to the countries, and that this study relates to the economic and social development which has affected a profound impact upon the lives of community's Iraqi society, especially during the Umayyad and Abbasid. Iraq has seen during that period a lot of developments at all levels, where Iraq has become a significant center of Islamic state centers, especially in the Abbasid era, as Baghdad became the capital of the state and the center of decision - making, and turned a lot of manufacturers and practitioners to him after the construction of cities and in the forefront of Basrah, Kufa, Wasit, Baghdad, and the spread of markets and increased demand for labor and artisans. This led to an entry of many professions and trades of the Islamic Orient regions, some of which came from the tribes coming from the Arabian Peninsula to Iraq after regionalism the country, a return to the Persian or Indian or assets Chinese. This is because the government at that time did not impose restrictions on workers included all religions and nationalities of non - Arabs and brought particularly in the first Abbasid era, and with the transition moved many of the professions and trades to Iraq, has been confined to my studies in Iraq, particularly without other Arab countries during the Umayyad and Abbasid.The importance of the study of professions and handcrafts coming from the orient regions to Iraq during the eras mentioned being a subject worthy of study, in addition to reflects the economic and social development of the Iraqi society, it is a firstborn subject as it did not compose any independent, comprehensive and special book except any research that was written and are not exceeding research articles. They are simple, but my search for the roots and origins of occupations and trades and are the invented and made known before others. And then how moved to Iraq and when they came to it and who introduced and at any place and time has, based upon the information sources of historic al or through the conclusion based on events close to it or evidence to suggest so, on the condition that those occupations and professions have practiced in the territories of the Islamic orient before Iraq and moved to it later.And highlight the difficulties I encountered is the complexity of the subject and its complexity and lack of material dispersion in the bellies of books of different types, requires the researcher to note the various historical and literary books and geographical and even Medical books, so it can give a clear picture of the research subject. The thesis contains four chapters, preceded by an introduction and inflict its conclusion as if scientific material. The first chapter contains the occupations and trades as their content deals with language and the difference between them. The second topic deals with prodding from Allah almighty and Prophet and Imams and scholars and elders, to work and livelihoods and halal through Quranic verses and Hadith, impact, as Sources of Islamic legislation. And we discuss in the third section in preparation for most professions and trades in Iraq until the end of Rachidi. The fourth episode had the concept and name of Iraq and its geographical borders, and the names, borders of Islamic oriented regions and the date of their conquest by Muslims.The second chapter, which can regard it a cornerstone of the research has assessed on five topics. The first one is the cultural professions included both the writers and writing, translation and bookbinding and librarian Education and scientific careers in schools. And the second topic dealt with by professionals and are both photography and music and singing and engraving on wood sculpture in stone, bricks and plaster.In the third topic, we address health professionals within hospitals (mental hospital), bathroom supervisor and the most prominent jobs inside the bathrooms. The fourth topic contained the financial professions and are both exchanging and banking. The fifth topic talking about the variety of occupations not associated with the topic and is both the ice - seller and astrologers and supervisor of the hotel and professions within the hotels.Chapter three is the second important pillar in the thesis it was devoted to studying the handcrafts from the Islamic orient regions to Iraq, and has three topics. The first topic contains chemical industries are both paper and sugar, soap and perfume & paints and wax, porcelain. Second topic deals with the mechanical industries and mills and locks and watches. The third topic dealing with various industries and monetization, embroidery and candy.Chapter four is a supplement to the second and third quarters and included professions and handcrafts in Iraq and what the delegation changes coming from the Islamic Orient regions, and divide it by two subjects. The first one discourse textile trades occupations included clothes, curtains, carpet, rugs and cushions. The second subject contained a variety of industries and occupations, multiple and as follows iron and mineral industries and wood industries, ships and boats, leather tanning, mats, glass, jewelry and construction industries, construction materials, nourishments, food, weapons, trade and agriculture. All of these professions and favors persist in Iraq since ancient times and are one of the necessities of life, wherever it is found, but the search term entered by a lot of changes and additions due to friction and entropy, and interaction between civilizations and Nations, especially orient regions.
