Author name:
عطارد عبد الامير حوشان
Supervisor name:
خلود عبد اللطيف عبد الوهاب
Abstract:
The thesis is The Internal Policy of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960because of the importance of this period in the interned policy of Turkey and the absence of an academic research in Iraqi libraries that converse that important political periodThe research in divided into an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with (the internal circumstance of Turkey after the Second World War 1945 - 1950). It explain the political and economic circumstances of Turkey and the motivations at to westernization.The first chapter studied The Internal Policy of Democratic Party Government Turkey 1950 - 1960. It focused on the political circumstances of Turkey and now the Democratic party got into power and the most important procedures it followed after getting into powerThe Second chapter dealt with (the Social and Economic Achievements of the Democrats , Government 1950 - 1960). It studied the economic situations of the country after the Domination , and its best economic achievements.Finally , chapter four included (27th may 1960 coup and the End of the Democratic Government). It dealt with the main reasons that lead the army to coup against the Democratic party.Thus even though the Democratic party was from its start in 1946 , a gathering of separated bureaucrats from People Republic party ) , it was able to win , through the elections of 1950 , overPeople Republic party. The reason was that the people of Turkey aimed to the democracy that the Democratic party called for since its nomination for the elections. In spite of that the Democratic party was not different in its philosophy from the six principles of the People Republic party it announced before twenty five years ago which are (republic , secularism, nationality , internationality , popularity and coup). It gave a new meaning for these principles especially the one related to (nationality) because the Democratic party aimed to liberal economic policy , which encouraged both foreign and private Turkish enterprises.The economic policy followed by the Democratic party after gaining power in 1950 helped to gain the support of the population. That policy was the main reason for its over whelming triumph in the elections of 1950 and 1954 , because the changes and developments witnessed in the economic field during the first half of the 1950 was clearly seer in the change that happened in the fields of agriculture industry and tradeIn fact the triumph of the Turkish Democratic party represents a peaceful revolution through the social changes that happened in the Turkish community especially that which brought back some of the traditions known in the ottoman period and were forbidden in Mustafa Kamal era. The leaders of the Democratic party found that the main reason for their over whelming triumph in the elections of 1950 was the farmers who voted intensely. And because these farmers were very religious , it was an obligation to satisfy them and facilitate their religious rituals In addition , Mandaris found that the communism ideas and principles were beginning to spread throughout Turkey especially in towns after the second World War and the triumph of the Soviet the union.so , Mandaris thought that religions faith could stand against communist in Turkey Mandaris expressed his indulgence towards Islam because that faith is the Turkish soul faith and that thise faith dosnt , have any relation to the system and positive laws of the reign.But his concept of religion and secularism , though was very easy for the educated people to realize ,was very difficult to accept or understand by the villagers who found in the days thereligious indulgence an indication of going balk to of caliphate. This causes the return and activation of religious rituals and courses as well as attacking secularism and demanding its abolition.Thus It can be said that the Democratic party didn’t neglect Ataturkism but it did its best to achieve its political benefits. this is manifested in its indulgence with the religious issue in Turkey throughout the years 1950 - 1960. It is very important to mention that reducing reservations in the multi - party period in general and especially in the period of the Democratic party prepared the conditions for Islam to play a very important role in Turkish policy Later on.The period of the Democratic party reign , on the other hand , witnessed a noticeable development in the field of education , though it was below the ambitions of the public because of the defect in the procedures. Never the less , secondary and higher education waitressed a noticeable development in the Democratic party period through the opening of many primary shads especially in the Turkish rural area that lacks them , and the increase of the number of students in primary and scandal schools , in addition to opening schools to train men of religion and opening new institutes and universities and sending missions to America. But this development doesn’t last for a long time. It stars to fail because of bad planning. The lack in the budget of the government caused inflation which affected education especially the educational faculty.It is right to say that the reach of the Democratic party to power in that period was appropriate for the country from the point of view of the Turkish people who was ambitious to get more freedom. The public was also ambitious to make social, economic and political changes away from the reality the country was suffering from. That is why the Democratic government depended , from its tart , on the support of the Turkish people , especially after the multi - party system that the country witnessed , and after the religious , social and economic changes that got theacceptance of the Turkish community , especially with the religious freedom in the country nevertheless the party couldn’t continue the triumphs it witnessed at the beginning of its reign especially after the economic failures of the country in the last years of the Democratic reign , that is after 1955.The regress of some of the educational institutions contributed to stir up the university student who became after that one of the reasons for the coup of 1960.Finally , all these procedures contributed to deteriorate the popularity of the Democratic party who tried to avoid its effects by advancing the date of public election in 1957 instead of 1958. It insisted on suppressing and restraining the opposition and limiting press freedom in addition to its policy in involving the army in politics. All these procedures lead to deepen the social, political and economic crises. These reasons caused the army to intrude and lead the coup of 27 May 1960 and the end of the Democratic party Government.Thus , When the Democratic party got into power it achieved. what the public looked for in that period. Although the end of its reign happened because of some failures , this doesn't mean that the party didn’t make social , economic and political change in the country , Especially that its reign caused a basic changes in the Turkish policy which kept off from the single party system and was recognized by the multi party policy which Turkey never witnessed before the reach of the Democratic party into power , in addition to what have been mentioned of the economic social and other military developments. Thus the period of the Democratic party was one of the important periods in Turkish history which needs study
