Author name:
جمال جليل احمد البياتي
Supervisor name:
كركز محمد ثلج الجبوري | عبد الله عبد الكريم حسن
Abstract:
اجريت الدراسة في كل من مزرعة العرهون التابعة لقسم وقاية النبات - كلية الزراعة ومختبرات قسم علوم الحياة - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة في جامعة تكريت خلال المدة 1/9/2013 - 10/6/2014 تضمنت دراستين الاولى تم فيها تقدير تاثير اضافات متنوعة من المدعمات الكاربو | The study was conducted in each of the Al - Mushroom farm in Department of plant protection, College of Agriculture and the laboratories of Biology Department - College of Education for Pure Science at the University of Tikrit for a duration of 1/9/2013 to June 2014. The first studies were included the adding of carbon, nitrogen and other additives at casing period on productivity, quality characteristics and chemical composition of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. The results showed significant increased (p<0.05) in total production and biological efficiency when adding carbon supplement at 1% of starch and became 26.41 kg/m2 and 88.03% respectively, also with nitrogen supplement at 1% from Erbil feed (EF) that’s became at 23.20 kg/m2 and 77.33% respectively, compared with the same value in control group which at 21.68 kg/m2 and 72.26% respectively. Also both treatments were recorded earlier in production at 15 and 16 days after casing compared with 18 days in a control, while the qualitative characterizes has been the treatment of 3% from methionine the highest content of total antioxidants and became at 1975 µg/g dry weight compared to the 1572 µg/g dry weight in the control treatment, and the highest protein content was became at 40.32% in treatment of 1% of LB compared with 22.36% of their content in the control treatment. The treatment of 1% of EF was recorder as higher content from mineral of calcium, magnesium and iron at 390, 2574, 50.74 µg/g dry weight compared to the content in the control group at 290, 1683 and 37.64 µg/g respectively, and the treatment of sodium selenite 5% was recordes a higher content of selenium at 5.00 µg/g compared to the control treatment which at 4.00 µg/g dry weight. The treatment of EF also recorded a higher copper content at 108.60 µg/g dry weight compared to the control treatment which at 37.00 µg/g. The other study was apply to assessment the effects of replacing casein at 5, 10 and 15% by the Agaricus bisporus product from the treatments with starch and multi - vitamin and EF on some growth and physiological parameters in female rats feding for 28 days. The results showed that the presence of mushroom in food has caused a significant decline in weight. The present of mushroom powder at 5% in rats feed lead to significant increasing in hemoglobin and total account of RBC resulting in 12.53 and 6.36× 106 cell/mm3, 13.13 and 7.06× 106 cell/mm3, 7.36× 106 cell/mm3 for starch, multivitamins and EF, respectively, compared to 12.25 and 6.8× 106 cell/mm3, respectively. As well as the significant increased in the total counts of white blood cells that were at 5.50, 5.20 and 5.00 x 103 cells/mm3, respectively, with the starch, and at 5.70, 5.40 and 5.20 x 103 cells/mm3, respectively, with multivitamins and at 5.90, 5.50 and 5.40 x 103 cells/mm3, respectively, for the EF group compared with the control group were at 5.15 x 103 cell/mm3. also was significant increased in differential WBCs as lymphocytes with increasing the replacing percentage for treatments above. Also due the replace of casein by mushroom on proportions referred to in the above change in blood biochemicals parameters which significant decreased in urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins and increase the concentration of high density lipoproteins, as well as reduced the activity of enzymes Alanine amino transferase (AST), Aspartic amino transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with increasing the percentage of replacing. As for the effect of replacing the same proportions of the mushroom instead of casein on growth and physiological characteristics of female rats with experimental diabetes induced by Alloxan and fed for 17 days. The results showed that the development of diabetes trial led to a reduction in the rate of animal weights and an increase in the relative weight of internal organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys of infected sugar group, and became at 0.46, 4.39, 0.60, 0.46 and 1.19 g/100 g respectively when compared with the control animals, at 4.07, 0.42, 0.39, 0.23 and 1.04 g/100 g, respectively. And decreased of red blood cells that were at 5.93 x 106 cells/mm3, respectively, for the group affected by diabetes, while at 7.36 x 106 cells/mm3 respectively the healthy control group. And decreased WBCs in the infected animals with diabetes trial and became at 4.83 x 106 cells/mm3 compared with the healthy control group which at 7.03 x 103 cells/mm3. Also there was caused in significant increased in glucose concentration, which was on the first, 7th, 14th, and 17th days at 428, 405, 431.60 and 432.20 mg/100 ml respectively, in comparison with a control without diabetis that was at 123.33, 124.66, 126.33 and 125.33 mg/100 ml, respectively. Further to increased concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins and a decrease in the values of high density lipoproteins also, increased the values of enzymes activity of each Alanine amino transferase(ALT), Aspartic amino transferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared with the non - diabetic infected control group. That feeding female rats of experimental diabetes on the replacement rates of the mushroom instead of casein in their diet has led to the significant decline of the weight and relative weight of internal organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys compared with animals infected with the induced diabetes with increasing rates of substitution. The results also showed that increased in total counts of red and white blood cells that was at 6.40 x 106 cell/mm3 and 5.00 x 103 cell/mm3 respectively when replacing 5% casein from mushroom compared to the infected control group were at 5.93 x 106 cell/mm3 and 4.83 x 103 cell/mm3 respectively. The substitution of casein with 5, 10 and 15% from mushroom was caused to significantly lower of glucose values to became 273.40, 251.60 and 302 mg/100 ml compared with control group infected which at 432.20 mg/100 ml. Also, because of the found of mushroom in the food was caused a changed in the biochemical blood, which significantly reduced the concentration of urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase the concentration of HDL. As well as significantly reduced the enzymes (AST), (ALT) and (ALP) activity with the replacement rate increase compared with values in the animals infected with diabetes induced by Alloxan. The results concluded that the possibilty of use starch and EF at 1% for the commercial mushroom production. Mushroom also can be used as a food for lowering blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyseride, LDL and liver enzymes with increase in HDL for the people suffered from diabetes, obesity and heart diseases.
