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التطورات السياسية في اليمن الشمالي 1968 - 1978 == Political developments in North Yemen 1968 - 1978

Author name: سارة مكي عبد علي عباس الشمري
Supervisor name: كاظم حسن جاسم
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The tribe was one of the most powerful elements in the Yemeni cause. It had power and authority that exceeded the authority of the central government. Saudi Arabia exploited this matter and turned its attention to them because of the importance and location of Yemen to them and several regional and international countries intervened in Yemen after the fall of the monarchy. The people who took the leadership of Yemen، since the reign of the Imam and until the fall of the last leaders، were soldiers and not civilians، which had the result that they were in a clash and a permanent conflict with the authority of the tribe. The government was composed of the Presidential Council (the Revolutionary Command Council)، the ministers and the Advisory Council. The Advisory Council speaker was the elder Abdullah Bin Hussein Al - Ahmar and this had always made the government and the council in a permanent conflict. The conflict was between the government، the tribes and the elders. The elder Al - Ahmar was always the one who represented the conflict. In 1973، the Yemeni authority entered a dark path due to internal political disputes and conflicts. Abdul Rahman Al - Iryani decided to resign and agreed with the Advisory Council chairman that he would also resign. Yemen then entered a new phase، the stage of President Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. During this period، the power of the tribe was withheld and its influence removed from the army، which made the elders in enmity to Ibrahim Al - Hamdi. He was seeking to establish a civil state rather than a tribal state. When Ibrahim Al - Hamdi became the president، he took care of the army and the military rank and turned down the power influence of the tribes. The issue of unity with the South was of great interest in order to declare unity between them، but because of this policy was assassinated in a treacherous and ugly way and because of this regional and international intervention، the Yemeni people have never enjoyed the results of the revolution against the monarchy.In view of the importance of this historical period of the life of the Yemeni people from its political history، a topic was chosen for this message، which consisted initially of a prelude to Yemen's political، social and economic history before and after the revolution. The first chapter examined the period from 1968 - 1972، before Abdul Rahman al - Eryani stepped down from power to Ibrahim al - Hamdi، and the conflict between the republicans and the monarchists until the announcement of national reconciliation and the developments that took place after the declaration of reconciliation. The second chapter focuses on the causes of the conflict between the political forces and the coup done by Ibrahim al - Hamdi as well as meetings of the unity committees between Sana'a and Aden and the political differences between them، the coup of Ibrahim al - Hamdi or the June 13 corrective movement and the political parties in the era of Ibrahim al - Hamdi.The third chapter is about the political developments in 1975 - 1978 and what happened during that period، which is represented by some important events and the most important was Hamdi's assumption of power and the crime of assassination in a treacherous and ugly manner and the repercussions of the internal situation. The authority overtake of Hussein al - Khashmi and his assassination and Abdul Karim al - Arashi who overtook the power for 40 days to run the government and gave it up to Ali Abdullah Saleh.

فلسفة الخلق بين الكتاب المقدس وكتب التراث الاسلامي : دراسة تحليلية == The Philosophy of Creation between the Scriptures and the Books of the Islamic Heritage

Author name: اسراء محسن داود المرعبي
Supervisor name: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The humanity has spent an arduous journey in search for its creator and for the foresight and purpose of its existence. Nowadays and in the past, there is a question could not have been answered by the proposed hypotheses that is why did God created the world? However, searching in the accounts and the verses of the scriptures has revealed that the vision of God in the Old Testament is incarnated in the command, in the New Testament is in the affection and in the Qur'an is in the mercy. Thus, according to the principle of relativity, Almighty God's will in the genesis cannot be precisely realized. But it seems that God's love of his creatures was behind his intent of the creation. So, God knows what else.Anyway, the destination of man in this context is represented in his following the example of God's teachings and morals for the sake of reaching the eternal happiness, the perfection and the salvation. For this reason it has been reported in the narration of the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) that "Oh people, acquire the manners and the characters of God ". Nevertheless, a Qura'nic verse provided that God said "I did not create the jinn and the humans except to worship me"1, suggests to another expression. It refers not only to an earthly worship, but, to the furthest types of cult. Hence, the worldly idols, Adam and his progeny, could have got the highest ranks in getting closer to God, in preference and honor when they could have achieved superiority over the jinns and also could have followed the righteous path till the judgment day. In addition, having been battlingQur'an : The Spreaders\ 56.their inner demons, having been engaged in Jihad Al - Nafs the sruggle against their own desires and limitations and in promoting their values and spirits, those the human line could have chosen to acknowledge to their creator at their will. Consequently, they could constantly and thankfully praised Allah.Finally, we should give the proper answers to the following questions that every person is interested in them : - Where did we come from? Why were we created? And Where are we going?. Indeed, it could be said that we have been created as a result for the divine honor of Adam by science when Allah said " And He taught Adam the names, all of them; then He represented them to the angels and said tell Me the names of these, if you are sincere."2 Therefore, we are as human creatures must represent the Godly morals and behaviors and fill the earth with love and mercy because we are the successors of Allah in his land. So, we are in a glorious march of grace and power towards winning the ever lasting paradise of the blessed havens.

تاريخ الاسلام في كتاب تاريخ مار ميخائيل السرياني الكبير بطريرك انطاكية حتى نهاية العصر الراشدي == History of Islam in the book of ‎the history of St. Michael the ‎ Great Syriac Patriarch of ‎Antioch until the end ‎ of the Rashidi era

Author name: فاطمة يوسف عباس السعدي
Supervisor name: زمان عبيد وناس | نـعـيـم عـبـد جـودة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Despite the contemporary Syriac historical events and recorded them in time, but we note many gaps and errors in the transfer of the historical event of St. Michael, some were deliberate and others inadvertently, and we will highlight the most important results we reached through this study : 1. Writing his book was motivated by religious, he addresses the audience of Christians of the East in the first degree and the audience of his church in the second degree.2. Adoption of the patterns of Byzantine yearbooks, followed by a special method in the classification of his book, combining the history of religious as stated in the Bible and the Byzantine yearbooks.3. Dry construction methods are not adopted.4. Michael was influenced by the Arab methods, and he quoted the methods of arranging the articles of his history and limiting them within specific years confined to the rule of the King, Khalifa or Sultan.5. The attribution was not mentioned in the events and replaced by the church fathers, scientists and historians.6. It is not based on Arab historians.7. Adopt the short and direct method of narration without going into details.8. History of the military aspect in the history of the Arab Islamic state, especially the Islamic conquests, and did not address the other aspects : civilization, culture, social status, economic situation and other aspects of life.9. The control of his saying of the divine punishment on his tendency to transfer the Syriac novel to the news of Al - Futuh.10. Accusing Islam of being a religion borrowed from Judaism and Christianity.11. Michael attributes the establishment of the Islamic state to war, murder, pillage and vandalism, and that Islam is based on the sword, and then we see it contradicts itself from this aspect in its history. We see elsewhere in his book that the Islamic religion and other religions did not interfere In matters of faith.12. He deliberately concealed many facts about certain things such as the tribute imposed on the people of Dhimah, which he referred only to its imposition, and did not mention its reasons, purpose and conditions, in order to emphasize that Islam is a religion of greed and greed whose purpose is material benefit.13. A comparison between Islam and Christ, and we see it sometimes in his presentation of the view of Islam to Christ and sometimes make mistakes.14. Many of the topics he talks about directly and without giving introductions to clarify the subject, we refer to the death of the Prophet  directly and without any introductions, and without mentioning the year of his death  or any other events in this regard, (7 years), and did not succeed in that years of the rule of the Prophet  more than seven years.15. He did not mention the old caliphate, its details, and how it was established at the time. It merely states that Abu Bakr is behind the Prophet in the ruling, and then mentions the death of Khalifa and another ruling.16. He addressed the Islamic conquests and the battles that took place during them, without mentioning the name of the battle, merely mentioning the events and the place where they occurred.17. Most of the names of the leaders of the Islamic armies did not mention them correctly, because it tells the events of the conquest of the Byzantine side.18. He referred to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and eclipses, but he did not succeed in mentioning them correctly and often see him exaggerating the story of events.19. He referred to the translation of the Gospel in the time of Caliph Umar ibn al - Khattab, but we found no reference to that translation in the Arab historical accounts, which may be an attempt to translate and not complete.20. Michael concluded his talk about the Rashidi era by referring to the scene of the fire in the reign of Ali bin Abi Talib, for the purpose of stating that Islam is only a religion of fighting and wars

الحيوان في الفكر العربي حتى عام 11 هجرية/ 632 ميلادية : دراسة تاريخية == Animals in the Arabic Thought up to 11 Hijri

Author name: عماد عمران عبيد ابو حديدة
Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Animals had a great value to the Arabs when compared with anything else if the horses excluded, for it was called the fortune. The word fortune' that Arabs used meant the camels. They measured the tribe's power and dignity with the number of camels obtained by the tribe. The more number means the more importance to the tribe. It was at the same time, cost to happiness sadness. The bride's dowry was a number of female camels and her value is measured with their increasing camels number Abla's story is well known for all when her father limited one hundred female camels to her dowry. Thus, camel were cost stop blood and to pay unintended killing according to what the people decide or agree at that time. Camels were the Arabs companion since a long time. They were the desert ship and life artery as well as they were basis to his poem, oration, poetry, living source, transportation means, and the war equipment. Camels were mentioned in the old holy books. In the Bible, we find that Sheba's queen came to Salmon in a very great convoy o camels carrying perfumes, gold, and precious stones. Due to the animals importance in the holy Quran, we mention according to the time priority : 1) The wisdom behind mentioning crow in the Adam's prophet story save other animals2) The cow : the cow was mentioned in the holy Quran. It is the longest sura and named by this name 3) The wolf : it is the story of our prophet Yousif.4) The hoopoe, it is the Sheba's queen story and the prophet Salmon 5) The prophet Salih's story and his she camel.6) The story of Salmon' ant 7) The story of Mose's stick 8) The story of the seven sleepers of Ephesus and their dog 9) The story of Younis whale10) The story of Cave's spider11) The story of Ibraham's bird 12) The elephant story 13) The story of the prophet Mohammed's she camel, Al Qeswa'a The camel was mentioned in the holy Quran when this comparison followed by raising the heaven. This refers to the high creativity of this creature There are suras in the holy Quran named by animals names and their private attributes indicating to them save other beasts as ( carriage, beds, body, riding, sacrifice). In the Cattle sura (verse 143) " And of the cattle (He produceth) some for burdens, some for food. Eat of that which Allah hath bestowed upon you, and follow not the footsteps of the devil, for lo! he is an open foe to you.". In the Pilgrimage (verse 36)" And the camels! We have appointed them among the ceremonies of Allah. Therein ye have much good ". so, the camels is the plural of camel which is the camel. It was named so for its great body In the Folding Up "And when the camels big with young are abandoned" The word " the camel" was mentioned in seven Ayas in the Quran, three times in the Cow Sura (Aya 196), three times in the Table Spread (Ayas 95, 97), and in one time in the Victory (A ya 25), the Camels were also mentioned. The first thing that calls sight in the chaste prophet biography is the prophet saying camels are pride to its owners" The prophet recommended the care with camels when he said "if you pass through green land, let camels take their chance and if you pass throughr mountainous land try to accelerate" Thus, this clear case that green land is for grazing while in dryness it should not stay for long time. History mentioned some famous camels such as 1) Al Besous she camel.2) Khelou Bin Rouhi : has a famous story that Arabs described in their tales( if it becomes pregnant, it will be heavy; if it walks, it has long steps; if it is slaughtered, it satisfied; and if it is milked, it quenches the thirst) The prophet was true when he said ( camels are pride to its owners, sheep are blessing, and the good is within horses till the doom day).Islam honored horses and camels mentioning their great importance as a symbol. Power, and a means to declare the divine message and conveying sciences and knowledge to the liberated lands. Thus, horses, camels, and other animals became a means where muslims knights rode to liberate the world Finally, I could prove with this modest effort through my study and research for this topic (Animals in the Arabic Thought up to 11 Hiji) the decisive evidence between the readers and generations that Arabs and Islamic nation could enrich humanity with science and support with schoiars. This was a decisive answer with Quranic proofs and prophet speeches implying images of creation and Quranic miraculous of the animals sura which form the basic significance in the human life till our present time Arab nation and Islamic nation, through holy Quran suras and the prophet speeches preceded the animals right in the Quran and the prophet speeches that indicates the Arabs and muslims preceded the west in the animals right. In this concern, poets wrote poems, proverbs were established, with many military, economic, commercial, and psychological uses. The current paper is also an answer to those who deny the Arab nation as a nation of the holy Quran that descended in their Arabic language as anilliterate nation that has no science and scholars. By this modest effort, I prove through my study and searching this topic, the Arabs and muslims role who preceded all nations in their sciences including zoology. This was stated before time and history witnesses this mentioning the advanced construction of science and scholars llah to raise troubles from my nation and to save my country from occupation I ask a which targeted sciences, scholars, and culture, that zoology is a colour among others. I ended this by Allah sura Iraham : Deem not that Allah is unaware of what the wicked do He but giveth them a respite till a day when eyes will stre (in terror),(42) As they come hurrying on in fear, their heads upraised, their gaze hearts as air. (43) And warn mankind of a day when the doom will come upon them, and those who did wrong will say : Our Lord! Reprieve us for a little while. We will obey Thy call and will follow the messengers. (It will be answered) : Did ye not swear before that there would be no end for you? (44) And (have ye not) dwelt in the dwellings of those who wronged themselves (of old) and (hath it not) become plain to you how We dealt with them and made examples for you? (45)

الموالي في العراق دراسة في احوالهم العامة حتى سنة (132 هـ) == The pro - Iraq study in their general conditions until the year (132 AH

Author name: سوسن عباس حسين الجابري
Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The Mawali (non - Arab Muslim allies) represented one influential factor in the Arabic - Islamic community. The significant intellectual achievements they left in diverse sciences and arts, especially the religious and the literary, made them a salient signpost.The term "Mawali" appeared before Islam due to the circumstances that prevailed as a result of the wars that swept the Arabian Peninsula. However, it prevailed after non - Arabs converted to Islam; those came to be known as "Mawali". The Arabic singular "Mawla" also referred to an Arab alley, a usage that diversified the meaning of alliance. There is a significant amount of research on the Mawali. Researchers investigated the social and economic aspects of their life as well as their political role, in addition to their intellectual achievements. The Gharrawi study put a detailed bibliography on the names of authors who tackled the intellectual influence of the Mawali during the Ummayad Era. The study included the Mawali all over the Arab Islamic State. In this study, the researcher investigates their intellectual influence in Iraq; shedding light on their contribution as a group which was said to be marginalized and whose simple humanitarian rights were denied, as such, they resorted to make up the inferiority by excelling intellectually. The researcher presents a positive picture of the Mawali's intellectual activities since the Early Islamic Era until the end of the Umayyad Era.The study consists of five chapters with an introduction, conclusion, and a list of bibliography. The meaning of the term "Mawali" is explained in chapter one, with the Mawali's social and economic life. Chapter two is entitled The Influence of the Mawali in the Religious Sciences, these sciences include the sciences of the Quran, interpretation, Quranic readings, prophetic tradition (Hadith), and Kalam (Islamic scholastic theology). In chapter three tackles the Mawali's contribution to the military, while chapter four examines their achievement in the social sciences like the Arabic language and the science of Qasas (Quranic stories). And chapter five focuses on the Mawali's most important administrative positions after the Umayyads policy change because of their need for the Mawali's services, administrative and leadership skills. This had led to the Ummayads assigning important and critical roles to them; roles which were assigned only to the loyal members of the Ummayad house.

اثار الثورة الصناعية في اوضاع الطبقة العاملة بالمدن الصناعية البريطانية 1837 - 1901 == The effects of the Industrial Revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities (1837 - 1901)

Author name: هديل حسن قاسم الياسري
Supervisor name: حيدر صبري شاكر الخيقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis dealt with the study of the effects of the industrial revolution on the conditions of the working class in British industrial cities during the Victorian era (1837 - 1901), and was divided into an introduction, a prelude, four chapters and an end.The prelude to the emergence of industrial revolution in Britain during the second half of the eighteenth century, showing the theories of the pioneers of economic thought and its impact on the growth of consciousness of the working class before 1837.The first chapter examined the effects of the industrial revolution on the working class conditions until 1837, and included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the challenges faced by the working class in industrial cities prior to the Victorian era. The second section explained the exploitation of workers by employers, While the third topic is devoted to highlighting the role of trade unions in demanding the rights of workers.The second chapter deals with the role of the working class in establishing the documentary movement and the government's position on the struggle of workers and their suffering until 1848, and divided into three sections. The first topic explained the factors that led to the establishment of the working class by the working class. (1839 - 1848), and the third section of the British government's legislation to improve working class conditions (1842 - 1848).IIThe third chapter deals with the economic and social effects of the industrial revolution on the working class and the reactions thereof during the period (1848 - 1881). It included two topics : The first topic dealt with the study of the suffering of workers from the hardships of living and working conditions during the period (1848 - 1881) The laws of factories issued during the period (1850 - 1881) and their effect on improving working conditions.Chapter Four traces the economic and political developments on the ideology of the working class and its political orientations during the period (1881 - 1901). It included three aspects : The first topic dealt with the role of the working class in the formation of the Socialist Unions and Societies during the period 1881 - 1893. Who worked on the establishment of the Independent Labor Party (1893). The third topic explained the role of the working class in the establishment of the British Labor Party and its political activity during the period (1900 - 1901(.The conclusion highlighted the most important results achieved through the study, including the role of the working class in the development of industry in Britain during the Victorian era, the great suffering suffered by the working class due to exploitation by the owners of factories and capitalists, and the establishment of the working class to establish trade unions and socialist unions and political parties In order to demand their rights and success in forcing the legislative and executive authorities to respond to their demands.

الامامة القيادية في فكر الامام الحسين : دراسة تحليلية

Author name: احمد فاضل حسون المسعودي
Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

موقف جريدة الاهرام من حرب الخليج الثانية 1991 == The position of Al - Ahram's newspaper against The Second Gulf War in 1991

Author name: سدى محمد حسن مهدي الربيعي
Supervisor name: حاتم راهي ناصر الزوبعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: In 1957, it witnessed a turning point in the march of the Al - Ahram newspaper, which flourished and developed during the period in which the writer and journalist Mohamed Hassanein was the editor - in - chief and became one of the most advanced newspapers in the world. The Iraqi - Kuwaiti relations (1961 - 1990) were characterized by recurrent crises as well as successive governments' claims in the royal era (1921 - 1958) for historical claims of Kuwait's right. The two countries entered into a cycle of futile negotiations. And discussions later to obtain the islands of War and Bubian, and Al - Ahram in turn supported the Arab efforts on the settlement of the Iraqi - Kuwaiti border, but it did not write these efforts success. These issues were raised between the two countries after the stalemate in the relationship between them during the period of the Iran - Iraq war, especially when the problem of Iraqi debt and the deterioration of Iraqi economy due to the increase in Kuwaiti oil production increased tension in the relationship between the two parties, and criticized the newspaper Al - Ahram news paper criticizes Iraq when the oil price issue Outside the OAPEC, but on the other hand it stood with Iraq when it was attacked media. Al - Ahram stayed with the Arab efforts, especially Egypt in containing the crisis .The invasion of Iraq to Kuwait on August 2, 1990.It changed the position of the newspaper from calm between the parties to the attack only and sharp criticism of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and the newspaper focused on the impact of the invasion economically on the world. Al - Ahram news paper supported the broad Arab activity at the level of the Arab summit after the invasion in order to reach a solution to the crisis. It also praised the coordination of positions achieved by the GulfAbstractCooperation Council and endorsed the unified plans of the GCC armies in the face of possible developments. The newspaper did not overlook the regional position and indicated the Turkish position which was similar to Egyptian position in condemning the invasion as well as the position of Iran and Israel. Iran condemned the invasion and supported the Security Council resolutions. Israel, however, was cautious in its position, without specifying its position and showing its gains from the crisis. The newspaper gave great attention to the international position, starting with the position of the Security Council, where Al - Ahram New paper was in favor of international legitimacy and the sanctions imposed by the Security Council on Iraq, as well as the position of the United States. The position of the newspaper was in line with economic pressures. The international crowd in Saudi Arabia justified the pretext that Saudi Arabia wanted To preserve its entity from the Iraqi threat. Prior to the war on January 1 until the end of the deadline set by the Security Council on January 15, Al - Ahram News paper supported the Arab and foreign diplomatic efforts, especially the Egyptian efforts to contain the crisis before the war. The newspaper followed the facts of the air and ground campaign of coalition forces and maritime movements, To liberate Kuwait and announced its liberation on 28 February 1991

موقف الاتحاد السوفيتي من الحرب العراقية - الايرانية 1980 - 1988 == The Soviet Union's Position in the Iraqi - Iranian War (1980 - 1988)

Author name: جاسم محسن عبيد
Supervisor name: رحيم عبد الحسين عباس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The Iraqi - Iranian war (1980 - 1988) is considered as one of the greatest regional conflicts known to have continued for a long period of time. It continued because of certain internal and external factors coming from both arguing parties. This war broke out in the Arabian Gulf region, which is considered to be one of the most important regions where the most beneficial and energetic areas of many major nations lie. The Soviet Union was one of these nations, for it is known to be the leader of social military and plays therefore an essential role in international politics. This nation tried extremely hard to reach the area where the conflict was taking part before and after the war started, using thereby different strategies to spread and regulate its dominance in the area that is close to their borders from the south, not to mention that it also had riches of possessing many oil resources. That is why this thesis sheds light on the position of the Soviet Union in the Iraqi - Iranian war. Their position is considered to be one of the most important and influential positions over the course of this war, because it possesses significant political and economic relations with both sides.This thesis includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter One, entitled (The Soviet Strategy in the Arabian Gulf and the Outbreak of the Iraqi - Iranian War), includes three sections. Section one entitled : The Soviet Strategy in the Arabian Gulf (1970 - 1977), has dealt with the interest the Soviet Union had concerning this region which borders their country from the south. Other rivals like the United States and its allies were also present in this area, revealing the ways the Soviet Union used to reach this area. Section two entitled : (The Relation of the Soviet Union with both Conflicting Sides) includes in its first part a discussion of the Iraqi - Soviet relationship after the coup that took place in 1968 until 1979 explaining the close relation that was created between these two sides. The second part has dealt with the Soviet - Iranian relationship, where Iran was an ally to the West because of its strong bonds with the Soviet Union on both economic and military levels. However, after 1978 and the success of the Islamic revolution in Iran, the Soviet Union started to support Iran fearing any coup they might start to show their loyalty to the United States.The third section entitled : The Iraqi - Iranian war, 1980 - 1988, considered the beginnings of the war and the media attacks and accusations between the two sides, unfolding the most important parts of this war and its stages. Chapter Two entitled : The Soviet Union's Position Concerning the Iraqi - Iranian War, 1980 - 1981, includes two sections. The first section has shed light on the Soviet Union's part in the war between the years of 1980 - 1981. This stand reveals how the Soviet Union took its stand with Iran, causing an increase in conflict between them and Iraq. These tensions increased until the Soviet Union accused Iraq of starting the war. That is why the Soviet Union refused to provide Iraq with weapons during this period despite an agreement of friendship and cooperation they had assigned. Chapter three entitled : The Soviet Union's Position in War from 1984 - 1988, includes two sections : the first section entitled : The Soviet Union's Position in War from 1984 - 1985, discusses the Soviet Union's position taking sides with Iraq due to the stands Iran had taken against the Iranian party named ''Todah'' that was devoted to the Soviet Union. This Soviet - Iranian bonds started to break apart due to the previous reasons mentioned. Iraq made use of these developments as the Iraqi president made a visit to Moscow on the 16th of December, 1985 in order to gain Soviet support. The second section entitled : The Soviet Union in War from 1986 - 1988, signifies the period where the Iranian - Soviet relationship started to strengthen despite the Soviet's warning against Tehran after they had invaded the Iraqi city of Foa in 1986. In addition to this, many important changes happened because of war tankers and the attacks done by the United States on the Iranian harbors, causing the destruction of an Iranian civil aircraft in 1987 and issuing decision 598 that continued during the maneuvers and international consultations for as long as one year that demanded the Soviet Union to consider the withdrawal of the European and American military from the Arabian Gulf region.Chapter four entitled : The Soviet Union Position to Initiate International Peace Stopping the War. This chapter includes two sections; the first section which is entitled : The Soviet Union's Position Concerning International Peace Initiatives, reveals that the Soviet Union had no real part in solving the on - going conflict. Their stand was only concerned with invitations and calls to stop the war. They also took a powerful stand in making decisions in the UN Security Council as an attempt to stop the war.The second section entitled : The Soviet Union's Position Concerning Decision 598, discusses the Soviet Union's participation in forming this decision. This section also discusses the Soviet's position in refusing decision 598 Iran has set and the attempts of the Soviet Union to take political benefit for their own sake.This thesis has depended greatly on many different sources, especially on unpublished Iraqi documents saved in the Iraqi National Library and Archives. They include the most valuable information concerning the topic of this thesis and helped covering most of its aspects. Documents from the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and documents from the Islamic Iranian news agency have also provided valuable information. In addition to the previous mentioned documents, Iraqi and Arabic published documents have also further helped in covering many parts of this thesis, like the Arabian world files and records and the daily documents of Arabian Union 1987, and also documents from the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Iraqi communication.The academic studies of other theses and dissertations have also helped in providing necessary information essential to complete the work, from which the most important was the thesis with the title : The Soviet Foreign Politics in the Arabian Gulf Region in 1947 - 1987 by the researcher To'ma Mohammed Yusif and the thesis : The Iraqi - soviet Relationship 1962 - 1988 by Nadhim Yunis Al - Zawy, as well as the thesis : The Iraqi - Soviet Relationship 1980 - 1988 by the researcher Ali Khalid Hamad.

بول نابنشو ودوره السياسي في العراق 1932 - 1942م == Paul Knabenshue and his political role in Iraq (1932 - 1942 )

Author name: مروة خضر عباس الخفاجي
Supervisor name: حيدر طالب حسين الهاشمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

روادف الكوفة ودورهم بالاحداث العسكرية والسياسية (17 - 84هـ / 638 - 703م) == Rawadf Al - Kufa and their role in Military And political events (17 - 84 AH)/(638 - 703 AD

Author name: عذراء كاظم صالح
Supervisor name: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

سياسة روسيا الخارجية في عهد القيصر الكسندر الثاني (1855 - 1881) == The policy of foreign Russia during the reign of Tsar Alexander II (1855 - 1881)

Author name: علاء محمد جهاد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: حيدر صبري شاكر الخيقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت هذه الرسالة سياسة روسيا الخارجية في عهد القيصر الكسندر الثاني (1855 - 1881). وتالفت من مقدمة وخمسة فصول وخاتمة. بحث الفصل الاول سياسة روسيا الخارجية قبل تولي القيصر الكسندر الثاني الحكم في روسيا عام ( 1855) وقد قسم الى ثلاثة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول نظرة عامة عن طبيعة نظام الحكم في روسيا القيصرية في عهد ال رومانوف حتى عام (1801). في حين اختص المبحث الثاني بدراسة سياسة روسيا الخارجية في عهد القيصر الكسندر الاول (1801 - 1825). وتطرق المبحث الثالث الى سياسة روسيا الخارجية في عهد القيصر نيقولا الاول (1825 - 1855). وقد تناول الفصل الثاني سياسة روسيا الخارجية منذ تولي القيصر الكسندر الثاني الحكم حتى قمع الانتفاضة البولندية (1855 - 1865). وتم تقسيمه الى خمسة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول سياسة روسيا للتوصل الى تسوية لايقاف حرب القرم (1855 - 1856) . وتطرق المبحث الثاني الى مشاركة روسيا في حرب الافيون الثانية ضد الصين ( 1856 - 1858). في حين اختص المبحث الثالث بدراسة موقف روسيا من سياسة بيدمونت لتحقيق الوحدة الايطالية( 1859 - 1861). واختص المبحث الرابع بدراسة سياسة روسيا ازاء الولايات المتحدة الامريكية ( 1855 - 1865)، وتطرق المبحث الخامس الى سياسة روسيا تجاه الانتفاضة البولندية ( 1863 - 1865). وجاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان سياسة روسيا الخارجية تجاه اهم القضايا الدولية ( 1866 - 1874). وتالف من اربعة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول سياسة روسيا تجاه مساعي بروسيا لتحقيق الوحدة الالمانية ( 1866 - 1871)، وتطرق المبحث الثاني الى الدبلوماسية الروسية تجاه المانيواالنمسا - المجر وعقد عصبة الاباطرة الثلاثة ( 1872 - 1873) . واختص المبحث الثالث بدراسة التنافس الروسي - البريطاني على الخليج العربي وبلاد فارس وافغانستان( 1869 - 1873). اما المبحث الرابع فقد اختص بدراسة سياسة روسيا تجاه البلقان تحت ظل التنافس الدولي ( 1867 - 1874). اما الفصل الرابع فقد سلط الضوء على الثورات البلقانية وتاثيرها على علاقات روسيا الخارجية مع الدول الاوربية الكبرى(1875 - 1878)، وتكون من خمسة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول سياسة روسيا تجاه ثورة البوسنة والهرسك ضد الدولة العثمانية ( 1875). وتطرق المبحث الثاني الى الثورة البلغارية ونتائجها (1876 )، في حين تناول المبحث الثالث سياسة روسيا الخارجية تجاه ثورة صربيواثورة الجبل الاسود (1876). واختص المبحث الرابع بدراسة مؤتمر اسطنبول ونتائجه ( 1876 - 1877). وتناول المبحث الخامس اعلان الحرب الروسية العثمانية والموقف الدولي منها ( 1877). اما الفصل الخامس والاخير فقد اوضح سياسة روسيا تجاه التسويات الدولية التي ترتبت على نتائج الحرب الروسية العثمانية ( 1878 - 1881) وتالف من اربعة مباحث تناول المبحث الاول توقيع الدولة العثمانية على هدنة ادرنة ومعاهدة سان ستيفانو( 1878). واختص المبحث الثاني بتوضيح موقف الدول الاوربية الكبرى من معاهدة سان ستيفانو ( 1878)، وتطرق المبحث الثالث الى دراسة مؤتمر برلين واثره على علاقات روسيا الخارجية مع الدول الاوربية الكبرى ( 1878)، واختص المبحث الرابع بدراسة موقف روسيا تجاه عقد معاهدة التحالف الالماني النمساوي( 1879 - 1881). اما الخاتمة فقد تضمنت اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها الباحث على ضوء موارد في متن الرسالة من معلومات والتي بينت السياسة الخارجية التي انتهجتهراوسيا في عهد القيصر الكسندر الثاني لتحقيق طموحاتها التوسعية على حساب بعض الدول المجاورة لاسيما تجاه الدولة العثمانية من جهة، وموقفها من الحروب التي خاضتها دول البلقان ضد الدولة العثمانية من جهة اخرى، فضلا عن قيام القيصر الكسندر الثاني بمحاولات عدة للسيطرة على بعض المناطق في اسيا الصغرى وبلاد فارس، ويبدو ان تلك السياسة ادت الى حدوث خلافات كبيرة مع بريطانيا كادت ان تؤدي الى قيام الحرب بين روسيوابريطانيا، فضلا عن ذلك فقد حاولت روسيا انشاء الجامعة السلافية لضم سلاف البلقان جميعهم بزعامتها، وبالتالي تتمكن من فرض سيطرتها على المضايق العثمانية، لكن تلك المحاولات اخفقت في تحقيق هدفها بسبب تضارب المصالح بين الدول الاوربية الكبرى ووقوف معظم تلك الدول ضد مساعي روسيا. | The study covered Russia's foreign Policy during the reign of Tsar Alexander II (1855 - 1881). The first chapter Included with Russia's foreign Policy before the accession of Tsar Alexander II to Russia in 1855. The first section explained with the nature of the system of government in Czarist Russia during the Romanov Era until 1801, While the second section reveal with the study of Russia's foreign policy during the reign of Tsar Alexander I (1801 - 1825). The third topic dealt with Russia's foreign policy during the reign of Tsar Nicholas I (1825 - 1855). The second chapter dealt with Russia's foreign Policy since the reign of Tsar Alexander II until the suppression of the Polish uprising (1855 - 1865). It was divided into five topics. The first topic dealt with Russia's Policy of reaching a settlement to stop the Crimean War (1855 - 1856). The second topic dealt with Russia's participation in the Second Opium War against China (1856 - 1858). While the third topic deals with the study of Russia's position on the policy of Piedmont to achieve Italian unity (1859 - 1861). The fourth topic deals with Russia's policy towards the United States of America (1855 - 1865). The fifth topic deals with Russia's policy towards the Polish uprising (1863 - 1865). The third chapter entitled Russia's foreign policy towards the most important international issues (1866 - 1874). The second topic dealt with Russia's policy toward Russia's efforts to achieve German unity (1866 - 1871). The second topic dealt with Russian diplomacy toward Germany, Austria - Hungary and the holding of the Three Emperors League (1872 - 1873). The third topic deals with the study of the Russian - British rivalry on the Arabian Gulf, Persia and Afghanistan (1869 - 1873). The fourth topic was devoted to study Russia's policy towards the Balkans under the international competition (1867 - 1874). The fourth chapter sheds light on the Balkan revolutions and their impact on Russia's foreign relations with the major European countries (1875 - 1878). The first section deals with Russia's policy towards the Revolution of Bosnia and Herzegovina against the Ottoman Empire (1875). The second topic dealt with the Bulgarian revolution and its results (1876), while the third topic dealt with Russia's foreign policy towards the revolution of Serbia and the revolution of Montenegro (1876). The fourth topic deals with the study of the Istanbul Conference and its results (1876 - 1877). The fifth topic dealt with the declaration of the Russo - Ottoman war and the international position on it (1877). The Fifth chapter explained Russia's Policy toward the international settlements that resulted from the Russian - Ottoman War (1878 - 1881). The first part dealt with the Ottoman Empire's signing of the Edrana truce and the Treaty of San Stefano (1878). The second topic deals with the position of the major European countries on the Treaty of San Stefano (1878). The third topic dealt with the study of the Berlin Conference and its impact on Russia's foreign relations with the major European countries (1878). - 1881). The final conclusion included the most important conclusions reached by the researcher in the light of the contents of the letter, which showed the foreign policy pursued by Russia under the reign of Alexander II to achieve its expansionist ambitions at the expense of some neighboring countries, especially towards the Ottoman Empire on the one hand, The Balkan countries fought against the Ottoman Empire on the one hand, and the tsar Alexander II on several attempts to control some areas in Asia Minor and Persia. This policy apparently led to major disagreements with Britain that almost led to the War between Russia and Britain Moreover, Russia tried to establish the Slavic League to bring all the Slavs of the Balkans into their leadership and thus be able to impose its control over the Ottoman straits. However, these attempts failed to achieve its goal because of conflicts of interest between the major European countries and most of them against Russia's efforts.

حزب العدالة والتنمية في تركيا : دراسة تاريخيه في التوجهات الاقتصادية والسياسية == The Internal Economic and Political Orientations of Justice and Development Party (2002 - 2008)

Author name: نورا نجاة حسين
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد شطب العبیدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The importance of the study in the history of Turkey is due to the location that occupies, which is located in the heart of the world and combines the corridors of land and sea, and the strategic axis has been and remains the focus of the ambitions of all countries wishing to control the world through them.The reality that emerged from the Second World War is the defeat of the totalitarian regimes, the change in the situation in Turkey and the evolution of the democratic process since the 1970s in Turkey. The most important characteristic of this period is the permissibility of the political parties such as (the Republican People's Party, the National Renaissance Party, the nation Party, The Islamic Movement in Turkey) by the law. The Islamic Movement in Turkey was characterized by distinctive aspects posed by special historical, social, political situations. The Islamic Movement in Turkey in particular the National Thought Movement, led by Najmeddin Erbakan, has benefited from great islamic movements where it relied on new programs and focused on the importance of developing the economic side, the most important among them is "Milli Curosh", and the expansion of Turkey's relations with the Islamic world countries where it sought to establish the League of Arab States, but the military establishment did not allow political Islam to reach power and stay in power in 1997 more than several months. The military staged a 1997 coup against the coalition government between my two parties (Al Rafah led by Najmeddin Erbakan and Dugrow yoll pary led by Tanso Cheler ), which called the coup a "postmodern coup." The 1997 coup against the coalition government of the Welfare Party and the True Path marked a turning point in the path of the political Islam movement in Turkey. The emergence of a new phase in thepolitical Islam movement in Turkey was the emergence of a moderate trend among the current (Secularism - Islam) known as the "Ardogan".The new formation "AK" with many young leaders represented the trend of renewal within the National Thought Movement. Since the first day of the establishment of the AKP, Rajap Tayyip Erdoğan has declared that it is a "democratic and conservative" party, and that it is open to all citizens to achieve a national project that is subject to the economic and political crisis which qualifies it to join the European Union. In 2002, And the development of the elections and was able to obtain the first place and thus managed to form a government alone, and the party was able to engage in democratic development and constitutional great, manifested through constitutional and legal amendments that left a prominent impact on public freedoms and political life.This study was based on the analytical descriptive historical approach. A natural study required that the research be divided into an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, an appendix and a list of sources.The first chapter reviewed the political developments in Turkey after the Second World War. The first topic included the political developments in Turkey after the Second World War. The second section includes the Welfare Party (RP) and the Turkish elections. The third topic deals with the assumption of Erbakan as prime minister.The second chapter deals with the establishment of the AKP and its intellectual orientations. The first section includes the intellectual roots of the AKP. The second section contains the most important principles of the foreign party's politics, and the third is the emergence of Rajap Tayyip Erdogan.The third chapter reviewed the economic experience of the AKP. The first section included an overview of the Turkish economy. The second sectionincludes the strength of the Turkish economy. The third topic deals with the field of agriculture.The fourth chapter reviewed the political developments in Turkey during the rule of the AKP. The first section includes the general elections and the amendment of the constitution. The second section includes problematic for the concept of the Kurdish and Alawite people. The third section reviews the problematic role of women.

النواب الشيعة في المجلس النيابي اللبناني (1943 - 1975) : دراسة في التمثيل والمواقف

Author name: علاء رياض عبد الغانمي
Supervisor name: باسم احمد هاشم الغانمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

المفسرون واثرهم في اقصاء الامام علي (عليه السلام) عن فضائله كتاب مفاتيح الغيب للفخر الرازي (ت606هـ) : دراسة تحليلية == commentators and their impact on the exclusion of Imam Ali for his virtues book mafatih alghayb of Fakhar al - Raazi (606) Analytical study

Author name: احمد فاضل عبد زيد الشريفي
Supervisor name: ماجد عبد زيد احمد الخزرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The policy of intellect exclusion practiced a gainst Imam Ali (A.S) dated back to the early Islamic history and then be cam a policy based on poletical and ideological tramme work . The influence of this policy was on the narrators , tellers , commentators and historians , so they used to exclude Imam Ali (A.s) from every virtue and historians , then this issue was developed in the Abbasid period until it became as a normal issue Books of Quran interpretation were most important works that their auther practiced eaclusion gainst Imam Ali (As) and affected by the preceding tellers and narators .Alfakher Alrazi was not only one of them to show his exclusion because the previous of them relied on others in the tolling without expressing their opinions , but he was expressing his opinion which represent his clear and purposed exclusion. He was discussing the narration that concerns the virtues of Imam Ali (A. S) , and tried to attribute it to others . He compared the rirtues of Imam Ali (A.S) and others , then to diminish the impotance of these rirtues the search turned to make an analytieal Study dealing with exclusion he had done agniest Emam Ali (A - S) through his interpretation .He had serral methods in that attiude including : comparisision , participation,exclusion and disregarding for virtue.Imam Ali (A.S) was the point around which the objective of Alrazi werer to reduce the virtues of ALI (A - S),and to raise Abu Baker to be the best and the most worthy of Imamate and caliphate. These rirtues were the reason for establishing a debate about the Imamate and working on the exclusion of Imam Ali (A - S) in order to make Abu Baker the first ,the most right and the best . The researcher addressed these methods and opinions that Alrazi had launched .This thesis represented a debate between Alrazi and the researcher. The thesis entihed the interpreters and their impact on "the exclusion of Imam Ali(A - S) from His virbues, Book of Alrazi , who died in 606(A - H) " in an analytical study. Thesis also included four chapters one of Hem devoted for Alrazi biography and three for his exclusion study against Imam ali

اثر مدرسة الامام الرضا عليه السلام في الفكر الاسلامي حتى سنة 260هـ/873م == Effect of Imam Al - Ridha School on Islamic Thought Until the Year (260 A.H - 873 A.D )

Author name: احمد عدنان عبود وتوت
Supervisor name: عامر عجاج حميد
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The purpose of the thesis is to explain the effect that Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) had left on human thought.The thesis starts with an introduction that shed light on the meaning of effect or influence in the doctrine of Ahl - Bayt, presented by what Imams (peace be upon them), had been mentioned. The introduction includes also the personality and biogrphy of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) including his Imam as being crown prince of the Abbasid Caliphate.The thesis includes four chapters : Chapter1 consists of two Topics, the first of them deals with Imam al - Ridha's interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, where the Imam relied on the divine science and the interpretation of Qur'an by Qur'an.The second topic focuses on the effect of the Imam on the Hadith and correction of its narrations.He also addressed the prophetic Hadith in language and terminology.Chapter 2 deals with the effect of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on jurisprudence and theology. The Chapter consisted of two topics, the first is his effect on the jurisprudence in terms of act of worship and transactions, through prayeing, fasting in all its kinds, alimony, jihad, moneylending and the will before death. Second topic dealt with the effect of the Imam theology which flourshed in the Abbasid era.That was through debates of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) with senior clergy of Christians, Jews and sabean in themes of monotheism, hereafter, prophecy, justice and Imamate.Chapter 3 deals with the influence of Imam al - Ridha (peace be open him) on other sciences through three topics, the first his impact on medicine where the (Golden Thesis) was a model for this theme.Second topic deals with his influence on languages, where there was clear evidence in the Arabic language through prose, debates and poetry.He was also fluent in other languages such as Indian, Persian, Turkish and Roman The third topic focuses on economics according to Islamic law and it's doctrine.Chapter 4 deals with effect of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on his companions, it also includes three topics, the first focused on the Imam influence on those companions through interpretation of Holy Qur'an and Prophetic Hadith, the second dealt with the Imam influence on them through jurisprudence and theology, and the third topic focused on the effect of Imam Al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on his companions through other sciences such as medicine, Arabic language and economics.

الفكر الاقتصادي الاسلامي بين النظرية والتطبيق حتى 14هـ

Author name: احمد جايد بدر الحسناوي
Supervisor name: زمان عبيد وناس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis examined the Islamic economic thought between theory and practice in the most important era of Islamic history, namely the era of prophecy and the caliphate until 41 AH / 661 AD. The research hypothesis of the question : Is Islamic economic theory valid to work to date in terms of the system of ownership and philosophy of work and production relations between employees of Muslims and non - Muslims or not? Was the economic thought and application in the Islamic state in theera of the caliphate a continuation of the prophetic era or are they different from each other? Then I answered these questions through two part and four chapters and a preface in which I explained the linguistic and theological meaning of the words ofthe title of the research, The first part is devoted to the definition of Islamic economic theory as stated in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. The first chapter examines the system of ownership and work in the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him), The secondchapter is the economic function of the Islamic state or the political economy in accordance with the work of the Prophet in the fields of economic security and the regulatory system and economic development, And the second chapter was written bythe economic thought in the era of succession through the first chapter of the research sources of economic thought and issues and goals, and the second chapter illustrated the impact of hybrid thought formed in the era of the Caliphate on the theory andeconomic applications presented by the Prophet

الاوضاع الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في مدينة كربلاء 1939 - 1958 == The Social and Economic Conditions In Karbala city 1939 - 1958

Author name: ضياء حسن قاسم محمد الخرسان
Supervisor name: علي طاهر تركي الحلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The social and commercial sides formed two basic principles to develop nations due to their direct connection with the individuals and society for better future. Accordingly, many studies including the current study tried to shed the light on The social and commercial conditions of various cities. Karbala city had its share of this search. There was a study concerning Karbala social and commercial states from 1921 - 1939 which showed a significant and valuable part of the most prominent of the city in addition to what distinguishes the city of religious privacy due to the Imam Hussein and his brother Al Abbas ( p.b.u.t.). this added another importance to the city which became a polestar for visitors from all over the world; the matter that reflected on the social and commercial sight and activity. This in turn, formed a motif to the researcher to study it from1939 - 1958 completing his previous colleague's beginnings. The year 1939 is considered as a decisive stage of contemporary Iraqi history, the date of King Ghazi's death in the fourth of April 1939 and receiving regency by Abdul Ellah on King Faisal, the second which was followed by disturbing political and commercial situations, besides beginning the second world war. In addition, reflection of all the above on the commercial and social reality ofKarbala city; the matter that formed the second motif to choose the topic. From another side and since Karbala is a religious center in the Islamic world. It is a place that attracts hearts from various nations that had influence on the community nature and its populated structure as a materialistic constituent, and also on the city culture, ideology, arts, civilization as a moral constituent. This led it to move in isolation with some privacies that recognized its paralleled religious cities which deserves to be studied in particular in accord to that variety and importance. If you ask, why do we study the religious school? Karbala has its own religious center and contains many religious men, scientists, and scholars that why there were many religious Hawza schools. And for the question, why there are customs, traditions, and social sights in Karbala city? This is because the city has its own privacy, especially from the religious side that made customs and traditions differ from other cities, such as gatherings and Husseini processions, AIrbeen, Sha'abaniyah visits, a method of practicing rituals in mosques and Husseiniyahs. There are customs held in the blessed Ramadan month, for they are specific traditions inKarbala city as kids circumcision, vows, and playing. All these and other traditions has special influence. The answer for why the medical situation is concerned is due toits deterioration from1939 - 1958 when different diseases attacked the city where we are going to devote a table to clarify their types and essence. Concerning education, it depended mainly on traditional teachers, and religious scholars, whereas the governmental schools were very bad with weak learning. So, the primary learning almost was nothing with a small number of learners. Even their number in the high school was very low. This led to spreading of illiteracy and ignorance in the Karbala community till women entrance to school was considered in the Karbala community as a sort of corruption and behavior deviation. If one inquires why the economic side in Karbala is concerned, then we know that vocational side has special influence for what distinguishes Karbala, since it has various main vocational works like shrowed production, rope twisting, treacle, holy clay, gowns, etc. if somebody asks why the water resources are concerned, this is because Karbala is a tourist city which gets money from inside and outside Iraq such as the almsgiving, fifth, vows, and ouda almsgiving, and all these are charity funds come to holyKarbala from Indians' and other countries shia people. The study deeply tackled the general conditions of Karbala city, starting with the name origin, establishment, the administrative organization, the most important political development in the ottoman era and Karbala's city position, Karbala's stand towards the British occupation in 1914 as the parties and associations, as well as the influence of the political, social, commercial events in Karbala city. This produced number of newspapers and various magazines. The researcher also mentioned the social and commercial impact of the different political and social development in Karbala. The researcher discussed the most prominent social developments and their influence on the general life in Karbala which is the social structure of Karbala city, number of population, the social and religious sights of Karbala city, the religious and cultural gatherings and the social and

مظاهر البذخ والترف عند الخلفاء والامراء في العصر الفاطمي من سنة (358 - 567هـ/ 968 - 1171م) == Appearances of Lavishness and Luxury to Caliphs and Princes of Fatimid Era from 358 to 567 H./ 969 to 1171 A.D

Author name: ندى عباس فرحان الشمري
Supervisor name: محمد مهدي علي الشبري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تقويم اداء الجامعات العراقية في ظل مؤشرات الاداء المالي ومعايير الجودة الشاملة : بحث تطبيقي في جامعة كربلاء == Evaluating Performance of the Iraqi Universities in light of Financial Performance Indicators and Comprehensive Quality Standards An applied Research in the University of Kerbala

Author name: نوفل محمود موسى التميمي
Supervisor name: فؤاد عبد المحسن الجبوري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Accounting
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Accounting
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Evaluating-Performance-of-the-Iraqi-Universities-in-light-of-Financial-Performance-Indicators-and-Comprehensive-Quality-Standards.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الجامعات العراقية من المؤسسات المهمة التي ترفد سوق العمل بالملاكات الفنية والاكاديمية والمهنية وفق معايير ومؤشرات مالية متفق عليها ينبغي توافرها وتطبيقها، ومن تلك المعايير المهمة، معايير الجودة الشاملة التي اعدت اساسا في التصنيف الدولي للجامعات وكذلك المؤشرات المالية، لذا فان مشكلة البحث تتمحور في ضعف تطبيق معايير الجودة الشاملة والمؤشرات المالية للجامعات العراقية مما يجعلها غير مواكبة للتطورات والتحسينات للجامعات الرصينة.والهدف الرئيس للبحث هو تقويم اداء الجامعات العراقية من خلال تطبيق المؤشرات المالية المعتمدة من قبل ديوان الرقابة المالية الاتحادي ومعايير الجودة الشاملة لاجل الارتقاء بالاداء الجامعي العراقي وان عملية تقويم الاداء تسهم في تشخيص مواطن القوة والضعف داخل المؤسسة التعليمية مما يسهل ايجاد الحلول المناسبة للمشاكل التي تواجهها. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم اجراء دراسة تطبيقية في جامعة كربلاء (عينة البحث) ومن الاستنتاجات المهمة التي توصل اليها الباحث ان عملية تحديد المؤشرات الخاصة بقياس مستوى الاداء تعد ركنا اساسيا ومهما في عملية تقييم الاداء، من اجل مراقبة الاداء وتحسينه ومعرفة اسباب الانحرافات لاتخاذ القرارات السليمة، لذلك تعد مؤشرات الاداء المالي ومعايير الجودة الشاملة اكثر شمولية لانشطة المؤسسة التعليمية وما تحتويه من ادوات لقياس الجودة التي تعد ضرورية لتحسين وتطوير الاداء.واوصت بعدد من الوصايا اهمها ضرورة تبني معايير ومؤشرات عند تقويم اداء المؤسسة التعليمية كونها تعد البديل الامثل لقياس مستوى الكفاءة في العملية التعليمية والفاعلية في تحقيق الاهداف، فضلا عن شمولية هذه المعايير وما تحتويه على مؤشرات للجودة التي تعد ضرورية لتحسين الاداء. | Iraqi universities are important institutions that provide the labor market with technical, academic and professional staff according to agreed financial criteria, indicators that should be met and applied. Among those important criteria are the comprehensive quality standards, which were developed primarily in the International Classification of Universities, as well as financial indicators. Therefore, the problem of research is centered on the weakness of the application of comprehensive quality standards and financial indicators of Iraqi universities, making them not keep up with the developments and improvements of the universities.The main objective of the research is to evaluate the performance of Iraqi universities through the application of financial indicators approved by the federal financial control office, and comprehensive quality standards to improve Iraqi academic performance. The process of evaluating performance contributes to the diagnosis of strengths and weaknesses within the educational institution, making it easier to find appropriate solutions to the problems that face.To achieve this goal, an applied study was conducted at Kerbala University (the study sample). One of the important results of the study, the process of determining performance level indicators is an essential and important part of the performance appraisal process. In order to control, improve performance and know the causes of deviations to make sound decisions. Therefore, financial performance indicators and overall quality standards are more comprehensive for the institution's activities. The quality measurement tools that are necessary to improve and improve performance. The study submits a number of recommendations such as : the need to adopt criteria and indicators when evaluating the performance of the educational institution, as it is the ideal alternative to measure the level of efficiency in the educational process and effectiveness in achieving the goals. As well as the comprehensiveness of these standards and the quality indicators that are necessary to improve performance

اثر المخاطرة القطرية في محفظة الاسهم المثلى : دراسة تطبيقية في سوق العراق للاوراق المالية للمدة 2005 - 2015 == The impact of country risk on the Optimal Stock portfolio (Applied Study in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period 2005 - 2015

Author name: نور صباح حميد الدهان
Supervisor name: حاكم محسن محمد الربيعي | ميثاق هاتف الفتلاوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Banking & Finance Science
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Rp_The-impact-of-country-risk-on-the-Optimal-Stock-portfolio.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: As a result of the financial and economic shocks and repeated crises experienced by the global economy in the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twentieth century atheist and, Faced and facing most countries with a foreign debt of many problems in the debt service and the owner of a big find at the domestic level on the one hand and the outside on the other hand, pushing for more attention to variables and terms very important Consistent with these data, Among the most important of these variables are the country risk and which summarizes the country's commitments to creditors, and therefore the risk of longer - Faisal on the side of domestic and foreign investment is the main determinant in attracting or avoid those investments based on that variable or indicator (country risk).The advantage of the financial sector are generally higher risks and the large size and number of securities and financial aspects of the investment, which is characterized as an uncertainty in the side returns, so the problem of any investor - centric nature of the securities that it is possible to form through the investor portfolio among a large number of possible investment portfolios and so came the drafting of the study the problem as follows : 1. What are the stocks that make up the optimum investment portfolio in the Iraq Stock Exchange during the years 2005 - 2015?2. Does the return and risk of the investment portfolio is characterized by relative stability, optimal in every year for the period 2005 to 2015?3. Is there a correlation between the country and the impact of the risk of Iraq and between return and risk of2the investment portfolio during the optimum period of study?Depending on the study, the problem of the main hypotheses of the study were as follows : 1. similar stocks within the optimal portfolio for each year in the Iraq Stock Exchange.2. The return and risk in the investment portfolio optimum Iraq Stock Exchange of stability during the period (2005 - 2015)3. There is a correlation and significant effect between country risk for Iraq and between return and risk of the investment portfolio during the optimum period of study.This study aims to build an optimal portfolio in the Iraq Stock Exchange for each year of the study identified from 2005 until 2015, and analysis of data each portfolio separately and stocks involved in building the optimal portfolio in a manner simple arrangement. And thus measure the impact based on the evidence of country risk country risk (ICGR) in the optimal investment portfolio expressed as a yield and risk investment portfolio on an annual basis.In order to achieve the main goals of the study, the study was divided into four chapters, which included the first chapter of country risk investment portfolio and the ideal : a knowledge. As part of the second chapter came under some previous systematic study of cognitive efforts address. The third chapter singled side applied to the study, including measuring the impact of country risk in the investment portfolio optimal, came by three Investigation boss, the study concluded that a set of conclusions that emerged from the study and in the light of which were drafted a number of recommendations were formulating it all in the fourth quarter.

دور الاحتياطيات الدولية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي للاقتصادات الريعية تجارب دول مختارة == The Role of International Reserves In Fulfillment the Economic Stability to Rentier Economies The Experiments of Selected Countries

Author name: سلام كاظم شاني الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: عدنان حسين يونس الخياط | صفاء عبد الجبار علي الموسوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Role-of-International-Reserves.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: مع تزايد الازمات المالية (المحلية والعالمية) وتاثيراتها السلبية في اغلب الاقتصادات وخاصة الريعية، اصبح من الضروري الاحتفاظ بحجم مناسب من الاحتياطيات الدولية لمواجهة هذه الازمات، اذ ان الاحتفاظ بمستو كاف من الاحتياطيات لا يقلل من تاثير الازمات فحسب، بل يجعلها اقل احتمالا. وهذا يمكن النظر اليه بوصفه محور التعديل الوقائي مما يعكس الرغبة في التامين الذاتي ومواجهة التوقفات غير المتوقعة في المستقبل. يتم ادارة الاحتياطيات الدولية بالشكل الذي يضمن كفاية هذه الاصول، التي يجب ان تكون تحت تصرف السلطة النقدية وتسيطر عليها من اجل تحقيق مجموعة محددة من الاهداف، ووفقا لذلك ان كيان ادارة الاحتياطي عادة يكون مسؤولا عن ادارة المخاطر المرتبطة بها. وعادة ما يتم حيازة الاحتياطيات لدعم مجموعة محددة من الاهداف التي تسعى السلطة النقدية الى تحقيقها. ووفقا لذلك، سارعت اغلب البلدان للاحتفاظ بحجم كاف من الاحتياطيات الدولية وان اختلفت وجهات النظر في تحديد هذا الحجم وفقا لمؤشرات محددة الا ان كل منها يعتمد على طبيعة النظام الاقتصادي في البلد ومستوى التطور الاقتصادي الذي وصل اليه. وتتباين الاقتصادات من حيث مصادر تكوين الاحتياطيات الدولية، اعتمادا على تطور بنية الناتج المحلي ومدى مساهمة مكوناته في الصادرات، فضلا عن مدى مساهمة الحساب الراسمالي والمالي. اذ تتنوع مصادر الاحتياطيات الدولية في الاقتصادات ذات الهيكل الانتاجي المتعدد. بينما ياخذ القطاع النفطي النسبة الاكبر من مصادر تكوين الاحتياطي في الاقتصادات الاحادية الجانب. اما من حيث الحساب الراسمالي والمالي فهذا يعتمد على مدى مساهمة الاستثمارات الاجنبية المباشرة وتدفق رؤوس الاموال قصيرة الاجل. ينطلق البحث من فرضية مفادها، بامكان الاقتصادات الريعية وفي ظل الادارة السليمة والكفوءة للاحتياطيات الدولية من تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي عبر الموازنة بين المنافع والتكاليف، ويتباين هذا الامر بحسب كفاءة هذه الادارة وطبيعة ودرجة التطور الاقتصادي والذي يضمن الاستخدام الامثل للاحتياطيات والاكثر فعالية. وقد جاءت اهمية البحث لبيان دور الاحتياطيات الدولية في اقتصادات دول العينة وخاصة العراق. ومن اجل التحقق من فرضية البحث تم تقسيم الاطروحة الى ثلاثة فصول. اذ تناول الفصل الاول التاصيل النظري للاحتياطيات الدولية ودورها في الاستقرار الاقتصادي للاقتصادات الريعية. وتناول الفصل الثاني تطور الاحتياطيات الدولية وانعكاساتها في الاستقرار الاقتصادي لدول العينة. اما الفصل الثالث فقد تضمن قياس دور الاحتياطيات الدولية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي لدول العينة. اذ استخدم اختبار (VAR) في قياس هذا الدور. وتعد هذه الطريقة من الطرق الحديثة في القياس الاقتصادي التي تعتمد على استقرار السلاسل الزمنية. ثم اختبار التكامل المشترك اي فيما اذا كانت توجد علاقة طويلة الامد بين المتغيرات ام لا واختبار السببية ثم تقدير متجه الانحدار الذاتي (VAR) لمتغيرات البحث. ومن اهم الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصل اليها، هي ان الادارة الكفوءة للاحتياطيات الدولية تضمن الاستخدام الامثل وبالشكل الذي يحقق الموازنة بين المنافع الناجمة عنها والتكاليف المترتبة عليها مما ينعكس دورها في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي. كما ان استغلال الفائض منها (في حالة تجاوزها الحجم الكاف) في مجالات الاستثمار وخاصة الداخلي سينعكس تاثيرها كذلك بشكل ايجابي في الاستقرار الاقتصادي. | The Financial Crises (Domestic And International) are increased and its' negative effects in most economies especially in the developing countries, It is became necessary to retain in appropriate size from International Reserves in order to confront these crises. The retaining in an adequate size form reserves doesn't abate effect of the crises solely but it also makes it lessees likely. We can consider it as a preventive which is included the amendment. It is reflected the desire for self - insurance and which is faced the unexpected interruptions in the future. The International Reserves are managed in form which is contained the sufficiency of these assets. It has to be available to the monetary authority and it is controlled to vibrate for a specific set of goals. In this context the entity managing of the reserve is usually responsible to manage the riskiness which are connected to it. It usually contains the reserves in order to support a specific set of goals which are the monetary authority seeks to achieve it. According to that most of countries are retained in an adequate size from International Reserves. even there are different views in determining this size according to specific indicators But each one is depended on the nature of economic system in the country and the level of economic development, which is reached to. Economies are disparity in the sources which is formed International Reserves. It is depended on the development in domestic product structure and the extent of the contribution of its components in exports, as well as the contribution of the capital and financial account. So the International Reserves sources are varied in the multi - productive structure of economies. While the oil sector is occupied the largest percentage from the sources which are composition the reserve the single side of economies. In the terms of capital and financial account this is depended on the extent of contribution of direct foreign investment and the flow of short - term capital. The thesis is started with supposition, The International Reserves are comprised a very big part from accesses in rentier economic so the International precincts are fulfilled main purpose in fulucing on the instable Macroeconomic in order to achieve a economic stability by limiting its' size or the efficacy use. In order to achieve the supposition of the research, it is divided to three chapters. The first chapter is dealt with the conceptual framework of International Reserves and economic stability and economic rent - seeking. The second chapter is represented the development of the Role of international reserves and its' reflection in economic stability of the sample counties. The third chapter is included the measurement the role of International Reserves in the economic stability of the sample countries. It is used test (VAR) in measurement of this role and this way is considered as one the modern methods of economic measurement which is depended on the stability of the series of time. Then it is tested the common integration whether there is a relationship between the variables for a long time or not then it is Valuated Vector Autoregressive Regression (VAR) to the variables of this research. The most important results in this research are the efficient management for international reserves included the efficient use and it achieved the counterbalance between perks which are resulted from it and the cartages which are reflected its' role in achieving the economic stability. As the utilization of the surplus in development fields especially inner one reflected its' affect in economic stability.

اثر الصدمات النقدية في الاستقرار الاقتصادي تجارب دول مختارة == The Impact of Monetary Shocks in the Economic Stability of the Experiences of Select Countries

Author name: ايمان عبد الرحيم كاظم
Supervisor name: هاشم مرزوك علي الشمري | مناضل عباس الجواري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Impact-of-Monetary-Shocks-in-the-Economic-Stability-of-the-Experiences-of-Select-Countries.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الصدمات النقدية مؤشرا مهما لتقييم اداء السياسة النقدية(monetary policy) في اي دولة فكلما قل تعرض الاقتصاد الوطني للدولة الى صدمات نقدية , كلما دل ذلك على وضوح الرؤى المستقبلية لصناع السياسة النقدية ودراسة ومعرفة حالة الاقتصاد , ويستطيع متخذو القرار النقدي التدخل من خلال التحكم بالعديد من المتغيرات النقدية وتحقيق الاستقرار النقدي , الا ان الاخفاق في الاستقرار النقدي يتسبب في حدوث الصدمات النقدية ومالذلك من اثارعلى الناتج والاسعار والاستخدام , وتشمل الصدمات النقدية على انواع عدة منها صدمات عرض نقد وصدمات الطلب على النقود وصدمات اسعار فائدة وصدمات اسعار صرف , وينعكس تاثير الصدمات النقدية في الاسواق فقد يقوم بعض المشاركين بتعديل ارصدتهم النقدية من خلال اسواق السلع والخدمات , في حين يعدل اخرون ارصدتهم من خـلال الاسـهم والسنـدات في سوق الاوراق المالية , ويتباين تاثير تلك الصدمات على الناتج والاسعار والاستخدام لكون هذه المتغيرات تتاثر بشكل غير متكافيء بالصدمة النقدية وحسب الوقت الذي تحدث فيه الصدمة النقدية من العام وكذلك عـلى مـدى استقلالية السياسة النقدية . وقد تعرضت الدراسة الى ابرز المشاكل النقدية في اقتصادات دول العينة ( اليابان , كوريا , العراق ) الاوهي الصدمات النقدية واثرها على الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وقد توصلت الدراسة الى ان صدمات عرض النقد وسعر الفائدة وسعر الصرف تحدث تقلبات في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي في اليابان , واما في كوريا , فقد اتضح ان صدمات سعر الصرف تحدث تقلبات في التضخم , وصدمات سعر الفائدة تحدث تقلبات في البطالة , وصدمات عرض النقد تحدث تقلبات في النمو الاقتصادي . بينما اتضح في العراق بان صدمات الطلب على النقود تحدث تقلبات في النمو الاقتصادي والناتج المحلي الاجمالي , وصدمات اسعار الفائدة تحدث تقلبات في النمو الاقتصادي | The monetary shocks is an important indicator of the quality of performance of monetary policy in any country, the smaller the exposure of the national economy of the state to shocks cash whenever indicates that the clarity of future visions for the makers of monetary policy and to study and know the state of the economy, and can decision - makers monetary intervention by many monetary variables and achieve control monetary stability, but the failure to monetary stability cause monetary shocks and therefore the effects on output and prices and use. It includes monetary shocks on several types of shocks, including shocks offer cash and demand shocks cash and interest and exchange rates of price shocks. This reflects the impact of monetary shocks on the market has some of the participants to amend the cash their funds through the markets of goods and services, while others amended their assets through stocks and bonds in the stock market. The contrasting impact of these shocks on output and prices and use of the fact that these variables are affected disproportionately by monetary shock and a time when the monetary shock from the public speaking as well as on the independence of monetary policy. The study came to the main monetary problems in the economies of the sample countries (Japan, Korea, Iraq) is a monetary shock and its impact on GDP The study concluded that shocks the money supply and interest rate and exchange rate occurring fluctuations in GDP in Japan. But in Korea, it was clear that the exchange rate shocks occur fluctuations in inflation, interest rate shocks occur fluctuations in unemployment, money supply shocks occur fluctuations in economic growth. While in Iraq turned out that the demand shocks occur Monetary fluctuations in economic and GDP growth, shocks and interest rates occur fluctuations in economic growth

تقييم كفاءة اداء المصارف الاسلامية العراقية : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة مع المصارف الاسلامية الاماراتية والاردنية للمدة (2005 - 2014) == Evaluating the efficiency of the performance of Iraqi islamic banks A comparative analysis with the UAE and Jordan Islamic banks for the period (2005 - 2014)

Author name: امنة صبري كريم الزبيدي
Supervisor name: حيدر يونس كاظم الموسوي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Banking & Finance Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Financial And Banking Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Evaluating-the-efficiency-of-the-performance-of-Iraqi-islamic-banks-A-comparative-analysis-with-the-UAE-and-Jordan-Islamic-banks-for-the-period-2005-2014.pdf.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: والسياسي والامني المتذبذب والمتردي في العراق خلال مدة الدراسة , بالاضافة الى الاسباب المتعلقة بادارة المصرف ومجلس ادارته وخططها واقتصار عملياتها على عمليات محدودة وعدم الخوض في الاستثمار وخدمة المجتمع وهو الهدف الاساسي للمصارف الاسلامية.اضف الى ذلك ضعف مؤشر الربحية الكلي في المصارف الاسلامية العراقية بالمقارنة مع مؤشرات الربحية الكلية في المصارف الاسلامية للامارات والاردن وذلك ما بينته نتائج القياس الخاصة بمؤشر الربحية الكلي , اذ جاء العراق بالمرتبة الاخيرة بعد الاردن والامارات . بالاضافة الى ارتفاع مؤشر السيولة وضعف الاستثمار في المصارف الاسلامية العراقية بالمقارنة مع المصارف الاسلامية في الامارات والاردن , اذ جاء العراق اولا في نسب السيولة وبعد الامارات والاردن , مما يشير الى ضعف مساهمة المصارف الاسلامية العراقية في الاستثمار ودفع عجلة التنمية الاقتصادية المنشودة .اما من اهم التوصيات التي جاءت بيها الدراسة , وضع استراتيجيات مصرفية ضمن خطط قصيرة ومتوسطة وطويلة الاجل لرفع مستوى الاستقرار في مؤشرات الاداء المالي للمصارف الاسلامية العراقية للابتعاد عن التذبذب والتباين في نمو مؤشرات الاداء المالي لتلك المصارف , والافادة من التجارب العربية والعالمية (مثل السعودية ومصر وباكستان وماليزيا وايران وغيرها من الدول ) في مجال الصيرفة الاسلامية وتعشيق تفاصيل تلك التجارب في الواقع التطبيقي للمصارف الاسلامية العراقية بتحديثات تتلاءم مع واقع البيئة الاستثمارية في العراق .وضرورة تفعيل الصيغ الاستثمارية وتنويعها في المصارف الاسلامية العراقية وتخفيض معدلات السيولة المصرفية المرتفعة (على ان لا تتعدى سقوف الامان والضمان الموصي بها ), مما سينعكس ايجابا على تفعيل الدور الاستثماري والتنموي للمصارف الاسلامية في الاقتصاد العراقي .وتم تقسيم الدراسة الى ثلاثة فصول رئيسة , جاء الفصل الاول بواقع مبحثين اثنين تضمنا بعض الجهود المعرفية السابقة ومنهجية الدراسة , فيما جاء الفصل الثاني بمبحثين استعرض المبحث الاول جانب فكري معاصر للمصارف الاسلامية وتضمن المبحث الثاني تقييم كفاءة اداء المصارف الاسلامية , اما الفصل الثالث فتضمن ثلاثة مباحث ,تضمن المبحث الاول قياس وتحليل واقع المصارف الاسلامية في عينة الدراسة (العراق , الامارات والاردن ) فيما جاء المبحث الثاني بتحليل مؤشرات الربحية والسيولة في مصارف عينة الدراسة اما المبحث الثالث فتضمن قياس وتحليل متغيرات الربحية الكلية والسيولة الكلية في المصارف الاسلامية لدول العينة. المقدمةباتت المصارف تمثل عصب الاقتصاد, وشريانه الابهر, ومحركه الاساس , وتؤدي مع الاسواق المالية دورا محوريا في تمويل باقي القطاعات الاقتصادية وزيادة فاعليتها داخل الاقتصاد المحلي . وتقوم المصارف في الوقت الحالي بادوار متنوعة ومتعددة من اهمها تسهيل وتنظيم عمليات التعامل بين مختلف الانشطة المالية والاقتصادية وحتى الاجتماعية من جهة وبين الافراد وباقي مؤسسات المجتمع من جهة اخرى . ومحاكاة للدين الاسلامي الحنيف واتساقا مع مبادئه الرئيسة انبثقت المصارف الاسلامية لتتناغم في محتواها وتفاصيلها مع تعاليم الدين في مجال التمويل والاستثمار المصرفي ودعم الاقتصاد. فالمصارف الاسلامية هي مؤسسات تلتزم بجميع اعمالها وفقا لاحكام الشريعة الاسلامية وتمتاز عن باقي انواع المصارف بتعدد مجالات تمويلها او صيغها الاستثمارية ولا تتعامل مع الائتمان الا بحدود البيوع الشرعية . ولقد اتسع دور هذا النوع من المصارف في الاقتصاد ليس على مستوى البلدان الاسلامية فحسب بل امتد الى دول غربية كثيرة , وبدات مصارف عالمية تستحدث فروعا ومنافذا للصيرفة الاسلامية . ولكن على الرغم من هذا التطور الا ان الكثير من المصارف الاسلامية ما تزال تعاني من معوقات وصعوبات كثيرة جدا تجعلها لا تستطيع المنافسة مع باقي المصارف التقليدية العالمية , ويرجع ضعف تنافسيتها او ضعف مركزها التنافسي هذا الى ان بعض الدول الاسلامية تعاني من خلل في الاطر التطبيقية والاطر القانونية التي تبنت التجربة المصرفية الاسلامية , ومن بين تلك الدول العراق ؛ ولذا كان لزاما على كل الباحثين والمتخصصين في هذا الحقل ان يقوموا بدراسات وابحاث في سبيل تطوير هذا العمل من اجل دفع عجلة التنمية الاقتصادية , والاهتمام اكثر في ضخ الدراسات والبحوث في مجال العمل والقطاع المصرفي الاسلامي لتفعيل دورها في الاقتصاد المحلي داخل البلدان الاسلامية عموما , والبلدان العربية على وجه الت | Expresses as banks, the backbone of the economy, his aorta, engine basis, and with the financial markets play a pivotal role in the financing of the rest of the economic sectors and effectiveness within the domestic economy. The simulation of the religion of Islam and consistent with the principles of the Chairperson had emerged from Islamic banks to fine - tune in content and details with the teachings of the religion in the area of finance and investment banking system and supporting the economy. Islamic banks are institutions to abide by all its work in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic Shariah and feature from the rest of the types of banks and multiple areas of funding or investment wording and does not deal with credit, limits the legitimate sales. Has widened the role of this type of banks in the economy is not at the level of the Islamic countries but extended to many Western countries, launched the Global banks develop branches of the Islamic Banking. Now the Islamic banks rich scope and a center to attract many intellectuals and investors in the field of the financial and banking specifically, especially after its crises of the financial system in all its forms the latest global financial crisis (2007 - 2008). The aim of this study to a number of objectives, the most important of which is the evaluation of the efficiency performance of Islamic banks Iraq as a new experience in the financial arena Iraqi economic, assessing the efficiency and performance of some Islamic banks in the United Arab Emirates. Add to this the in - depth analysis of some of the performance indicators of the Chairperson and the measurement of their content, the study proceeds from the assumption that the Chairperson of the summarized the weakness of the efficiency of the performance of the banks and the Iraqi Islamic compared with, which emanate hypotheses multiple subnet.

دور المصارف الاسلامية في تحقيق الاستقرار المالي == The role of Islamic banks in achieving Financial Stability

Author name: اسراء نظام الدين حسين الطائي
Supervisor name: فاضل موسى حسن المالكي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دور السياسة المالية في تحسين المناخ الاستثماري في القطاع السياحي في بلدان مختاره == The role of fiscal policy in the improvement of the investment climate of the tourism sector in selected coun

Author name: محمد خيري داود خنجر الصليخي
Supervisor name: عامر عمران كاظم المعموري
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Most of Developing countries have a lot of tourism requirements but they lack a way to invest this sector. They can attract the investment in the tourism sector by using government spending policies and tax incentives that is offered by the government as well as the operation of spending on infrastructures and the spending on the electricity, education, public transportation and security sectors in addition to the functional expenses that provide an attractive climate for local and foreign investment.Both of Turkey and Egypt have developed the tourism sector to increase the contribution percentage in GDP, through the best use of the resources that is available in these countries, in addition to public expenditure policies and taxes which represented by increasing of the countries expenditure on the infrastructures and appropriate institutional changes, which they can led to increase the volume of the tourism investment.The study refers to the reality of fiscal policy and the tourism investment in Iraq and what is the tourism possibility who is owned "that is represented by the various types of the tourism sites and how invest them in the proper way". The Iraqi fiscal policy depends totally on the public spending side because there is no taxes effects in achieving goals that the government is seeking, as a result of backwardness and weakness in the Iraqi taxes system; which is characterized by pluralism and not modernity, and the tourism investment is based on what is available from infrastructure and security, which is depending heavily on public spending

امكانية تطبيق النظام المحاسبي الحكومي اللامركزي المدعوم بنظام احصاءات مالية الحكومة GFSs في المؤسسات البلدية لتلبية متطلبات توحيد الحسابات والافصاح : دراسة تطبيقية في بلدية كربلاء == The possibility of applying the decentralized government accounting system supported by the government financial statistics system (GFSs) in municipal institutions to meet the requirements of account consolidation and disclosure

Author name: هدى احمد علي المطيري
Supervisor name: اسعد محمد علي وهاب العواد
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Accounting
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Accounting
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تنبع اهمية البحث من التطورات الاخيرة في توجه الدولة بنقل الصلاحيات المالية للمحافظات غير المرتبطة في اقليم مما يتطلب من مديريات الشؤون المالية في المحافظات استخراج موازين مراجعة موحدة لكل الدوائر المرتبطة بها وهي كل من ( البلديات ( بلدية - ماء - مجاري) ، الصحة ، التربية، الزراعة، الشرطة، الرعاية والضمان الاجتماعي) وبالنظر لاختلاف الانظمة المحاسبية في هذه الدوائر وخاصة الدوائر التابعة الى وزارة البلديات تحاول الباحثة الوصول الى حلول لمساعدة ادارات المحافظات لتحقيق الاهداف التي تسعى الى تحقيقها من خلال توحيد النظام المحاسبي لجميع هذه الدوائر وبالتركيز على مديرية بلدية المركز وبلديات الاقضية والنواحي.وان الهدف من الدراسة تقويم النظام المحاسبي الموحد للبلديات ومعرفة اهم المشاكل والمعوقات خلال فترة تطبيقه. التعرف على مدى تطابق النظام المحاسبي الموحد للبلديات مع الاهداف التي جاء بها قانون ادارة البلديات رقم 165 لسنة 1964 المعدل, توظيف النظام المحاسبي الحكومي باستخدام دليل احصائية مالية الحكومة في مراكز البلديات والاقضية والنواحي وذلك لتوائمه مع الاهداف التي تسعى لها المؤسسات البلدية من تقديم الخدمات للجمهور من دون مقابل او بمقابل رمزي. بيان اهمية استخدام نظام احصاءات مالية الحكومة GFS وما يحققه هذا النظام من معلومات احصائية ومالية على مستوى الدولة ومتوافق مع متطلبات البنك الدولي وصندوق النقد لدولي. واهم ما توصلت الية الدراسة ان استخدام دليل احصاءات الحكومة GFS يحقق متطلبات واهداف الدوائر غير الهادفة للربح التي من ضمنها المؤسسات البلدية يؤدي الى صعوبة توحيد الحسابات على مستوى المحافظة وصعوبة استخراج ميزان مراجعة موحد لكل الدوائر المرتبطة بالمحافظة, يعتقد 98% ممن تم استطلاع ارائهم من موظفي البلديات ان اعتماد نظام احصائيات مالية الحكومة يساعد وحدات الشؤون المالية في المحافظات على انجاز المهام الموكلة اليهم في عملية التوحيد واعداد موازين المراجعة الموحدة لامتلاكه مجموعة متكاملة من الحسابات تستطيع ان تغطي جميع انشطة مؤسسات الدولة.وتوصي الباحثة بتوحيد جميع الانظمة المحاسبية للدوائر المرتبطة في المحافظة من خلال استخدام النظام المحاسبي الحكومي المدعوم بنظام احصاءات الحكومة لاغراض التوحيد, احلال النظام المحاسبي الحكومي المعتمد على نظام احصاءات الحكومة بدلا من النظام المحاسبي الموحد للبلديات لكونه لا ينسجم طبيعة العمل في مؤسسات البلدية | The importance of research stems from recent developments in the state's tendency to transfer financial powers to the unincorporated governorates of the territory, which requires the directorates of financial affairs in the provinces to extract a uniform audit balances for all the related departments, namely municipalities (municipal, water, sewage), health, education, Agriculture, police, education, care and social security). Given the different accounting systems in these departments, especially the departments related to the Ministry of Municipalities, the researcher is trying to reach solutions to help the provincial administrations to achieve the goals that seek to achieve through the consolidation of the accounting system for all these departments By focusing on the municipality center, the municipalities and the district directorate.The aim of the study is to evaluate the unified accounting system for municipalities and to identify the most important problems and obstacles during the period of implementation. To identify the extent to which the unified accounting system for municipalities conforms to the objectives set forth in the Municipal Administration Law No. 165, year 1964, as amended, to employ the government accounting system using a government statistical statistical guide in the municipalities, districts and district centers to match the objectives of municipal institutions to provide services to the public for free or for a nominal fee. The importance of the use of the government financial statistics system (GFS) and what this system achieves from statistical and financial information at the state level and is consistent with the requirements of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The main objective of the study is that the use of the Government Financial Statistics Manual (GFS) meets the requirements and objectives of the non - profit departments, including the municipal institutions, which makes it difficult to consolidate accounts at the governorate level and the difficulty of extracting a unified audit balance for all departments associated with the governorate municipalities. From the people who were asked for their point of view, 98% of them thought the adoption of a system of government financial statistics which helps the units of financial affairs in the provinces to complete the tasks assigned to them in the process of consolidation and the preparation of the balance of the unified audit of the possession of an integrated set of accounts can cover all activities of stat institutions. The researcher recommends the consolidation of all accounting systems of the associated departments in the province to the use of the government accounting system supported by the system of government statistics for the purposes of consolidation, replacing the government accounting system based on the system of government statistics instead of the unified accounting system for municipalities because it does not fit the nature of work in municipal institutions.

التنوع الثقافي للموارد البشرية وتاثيره في جودة الخدمة : دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من العاملين في فندق بابل الدولي == The Cultural Diversity of Human Resources & its Impact on the Quality of Services : Exploratory Study To A Sample Opinions From Workers In Babylon International Hotel - Baghdad

Author name: محمد مجول شكور البياتي
Supervisor name: فؤاد حمودي العطار
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Business Administration
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Business Administration
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Cultural-Diversity-of-Human-Resources-its-Impact-on-the-Quality-of-Services.pdf
University location: Karbala
Key words:
  • التنوع الثقافي
  • الاختلافات الثقافية
  • استقطاب الموارد البشرية
  • جودة الخدمة
  • الميزة التنافسية
  • الزبائن
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تحليل ظاهرة التنوع الثقافي للموارد البشرية وتاثيره في جودة الخدمة، بالاعتماد على مشكلة الدراسة التي تؤكد على مدى ادراك المنظمة لاهمية التنوع الثقافي للموارد البشرية وانعكاسه على تحقيق جودة الخدمة عبر طرح مجموعة من التساؤلات لفقرات متغيرات الدراسة، ولتحقيق اهدافها تم انجاز دراسة استطلاعية على عينة من الموارد البشرية في فندق بابل الدولي، اذ تم اخذ عينة بلغ عدد افرادها 132 شخصا من ثقافات متنوعة وجنسيات متعددة، وتم اعتماد نموذج هوفستد (2001) لابعاد التنوع الثقافي (مسافة السلطة ،تجنب الغموض، الفردية مقابل الجماعية ، الذكورية مقابل الانثوية والتوجه بالوقت) ، فيما اعتمدت الدراسة ستة ابعاد لمتغير جودة الخدمة (الملموسية، الاعتمادية، الاستجابة ، التعاطف، الامان ).واعتمدت الدراسة على الاستبانة ومجموعة من الاساليب الاحصائية منها ( الانحراف المعياري ، معامل الارتباط البسيط، الانحدار البسيط ).اذ توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات ابرزها وجود علاقة ارتباط وتاثير بين ابعاد التنوع الثقافي للموارد البشرية وابعاد جودة الخدمة، واختتمت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات كان اهما ضرورة اشراك الموارد البشرية في رسم الخطط الاستراتيجية طويلة الامد عن طريق منحهم المزيد من التفويض والصلاحيات في الادارة | The Objective of this Study is to Analyze the Phenomenon of Cultural Diversity of Human Resources and its Impact on the Quality of Services through the study problem that Emphasizes the extent of the Organization's Understanding of the Importance of Cultural Diversity of Human Resources and its Reflection on the Quality of Services by asking a number of Questions to the Variables of study Variables . On a Sample of Human Resources at the Babylon International Hotel . A Sample of 132 People from Different Cultures and Nationalities was Taken . The Hofstede (2001) model was adopted for the dimensions of cultural diversity (distance of authority, avoidance of ambiguity, individual versus collective, masculine vs. feminine and time - shift). The study adopted six dimensions of the quality of service variable (sensitivity, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, safety and efficiency).The study relied on the Questionnaire and a set of Statistical Methods (Standard Deviation, Simple Correlation Coefficient, Simple Regression( The study Concluded with a set of Recommendations, the most Important of which was the existence of a correlation between the Dimensions of the Cultural Diversity of Human Resources and the Quality of Services . The study concluded with a set of Recommendations, namely the need to involve human resources in drawing up long term strategic plans by giving them more Of delegation and powers in the administration

اثر ستراتيجيات ادارة الارباح في تغيير التدرج الائتماني لعينة من المصارف العراقية : دراسة تحليلية للمدة من 2004 الى 2016 == The Effect Of earnings management strategies in Credit rating change Analytical study for the period 2004 - 2016

Author name: شيماء هادي نعمة
Supervisor name: زينب مكي البناء
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Banking Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Financial And Banking Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Effect-Of-earnings-management-strategies-in-Credit-rating-Analytical-study-for-the-period-2004-2016.pdf.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: الهدف من الدراسة تحديد اثر ستراتيجيات ادارة الارباح في التغير في التصنيف الائتماني ومن اجل ذلك , تم اعتماد ستراتيجيات ادارة الارباح بنوعيها (ادارة الارباح المستندة على الانشطة الحقيقية وادارة الارباح على اساس الاستحقاقات ) , كما تم التعبير عن التصنيف الائتماني من خلال النسب المالية .اجريت الدراسة في القطاع المصرفي العراقي حيث تم الحصول على المعلومات المالية اللازمة بنشاط كل مصرف من المصارف عينة الدراسة , بلغ عددها اثنا عشر مصرفا للمدة من 2004 ولنهاية عام 2016 .تم استخدام نسبة الربح السنوي الى اجمالي الارباح خلال سنوات الدراسة , ونسبة الرافعة المالية لقياس التصنيف الائتماني , واختبار الارتباط البسيط , واختبار معنوية الارتباط T , واختبار الانحدار البسيط , واختبار معنوية الانحدار F , ومعامل التحديد R2 لقياس تاثير المتغيرات المستقلة على المتغيرات التابعة , واخيرا تم استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي SPSS 21 .تم التوصل الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات التي يمكن التعبير عنها بشكل مختصر بانه يوجد تاثير لسلوكيات ادارة الارباح على التغير في التصنيف الائتماني لكل مصرف من المصارف العراقية بشكل منفردا ومجتمعا . بينت نتائج الدراسة ان ممارسات ادارة الارباح من تؤدي الى ازمة ثقة في مهنة المحاسبة والتقارير المالية الصادرة عن المحاسبيين وبالتالي زيادة قدرة ادارة المصارف العراقية على مواجهة المخاطر الائتمانية من خلال ممارسات سليمة والابتعاد عن الممارسات الاحتيالية .واختتمت الدراسة بالعديد من التوصيات المتعلقة بالدراسات الحالية والدراسات المستقبلية بشان المتغيرات الرئيسة لها . كان من التوصيات التي نادت بها الدراسة الفهم الجيد لممارسات ادارة الارباح واهمية النظر بركائز الحوكمة الرشيدة في الشركات وتطبيقها بشكل الزامي . | This study aims to determining the effect of Earnings management strategies on Credit rating changes . And this is executed by depending on Earnings management strategies Both types : the first Accruals - based earnings management (AM) and the second Real earnings management (RM) . As was expressed Credit rating through financial ratios. The study is being conducted in the Iraqi banking sector. The financial information is obtained by each bank of the study sample, analyzed for this purpose, and the sample consists of twelve banks. For the period from 2004 to the end of 2016. To measure the meaningful relationship between the study variables, Annual earnings ratio to total earnings during the years of study , And leverage ratio to measure credit rating , T - test and Simple correlation factor are used. To determine the meaningfulness of the regression equation, the Simple regression analysis and F - test is used, R2 is used to explain the amount of effect the independent variable have on the dependent variable. Finally, use the statistical program SPSS 21.The study reached several conclusions that can be expressed briefly that there is an impact of the behavior of profit management on the changes in the credit rating of each of the Iraqi banks individually and collectively. . The results of the study showed that profit management practices lead to a crisis of confidence in the profession of accounting and financial reports issued by accountants and thus increase the ability of the management of Iraqi banks to cope with credit risks through sound practices and away from fraudulent practices.The study arrived to many recommendations which related with the present study and the future studies on key variables. One of the recommendations advocated by the study was a good understanding of profit management practices and the importance of considering and applying the principles of good corporate governance.

اختيار افضل طريقة اختبار لمشكلة عدم تجانس التباين في نموذج الانحدار المتعدد مع تطبيق عملي == Choosing the best test method for the problem of Heteroscedasticity in a multiple regression model with practical application

Author name: رائد اسمر عبد الله
Supervisor name: عدنان كريم نجم الدين
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Statistics
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Choosing-the-best-test-method-for-the-problem-of-Heteroscedasticity-in-a-multiple-regression-model-with-practical-application.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: يعد هذا البحث محاولة لتسليط الضوء على احدى مشاكل تحليل الانحدار والتي تعد واحدة من الافتراضات الاساسية التي تقوم عليها طريقة المربعات الصغرى الاعتيادية (OLS) , كذلك تعد واحدة من الشروط الاساسية لتحليل التباين. وهي مشكلة عدم تجانس التباين (Heteroscedasticity) , واحيانا يكون من الصعوبة تطبيق هذا الشرط وبالتالي تكون طريقة (OLS) لتقدير معالم نموذج الانحدار الخطي غير مجدية في اعطاء نتائج صحيحة ودقيقة وهذا بسبب وجود هذه المشكلة .اذ كان هدف الرسالة هو اختيار اوتحديد افضل اختبار للكشف عن وجود هذه المشكلة ضمن مجموعة من الاختبارات المعلمية , اذ تم كتابة برنامج بلغة (R) لاجل عمل مقارنة يكون فيها المعيار هو نسبة الكشف الصحيح عن وجود او عدم وجود مشكلة عدم تجانس التباين عن طريقة دراسة محاكاة بالاعتماد على بيانات افتراضية لانموذجين الاول يحتوي على مشكلة عدم تجانس التباين والاخر لايحتوي على المشكلة , اذا تم اعتماد خمس اختبارات هي (كولد فيلد - كوانت , بروش - بيجين - جود فري , وايت, NCV , هاريسون مكابي) .كما اعتمدت الرسالة في الجانب التطبيقي على البيانات الحقيقية, واستعمال الاختبار الافضل الذي تم تحديده للكشف عن وجود المشكلة ثم تقدير انموذج الانحدار استنادا الى وجود المشكلة من عدمها. | This research is considered on attempt to highlight one of the problems of regression, which is one of the basic assumptions underlying ordinary least squares method (OLS). It is considered one of the fundamental conditions of variance analysis, and in many practical applications this hypothesis cannot achieve thus (OLS) to estimate the model of linear regression is use less (not benefited) to give true and accurate, results and this leads to face the problem of (heteroscedasticity). The aim of this thesis is to choose the best parametric test to detect this problem from a group of parametric tests. We wrote an program in (R) language for a comparison in the best of the ratio of the detection true for the presence or absence of a problem through simulation within chapter III has a virtual reality two of the models, the first has a problem of heteroscedasticity the other not contain the problem depending on five tests (Gold field Quant, Prush bejen, White, NCV, Harrison - McCabe). Chapter four contains the Applied side of the study and depending on real data, in this chapter we choose the best test to detect the problem or not, then we estimate the regression model. Conclusions and recommendations are found in the end of the study

توجهات السياسة النقدية في العراق بعد 2003 ودورها في توجيه نافذة بيع العملة والاحتياطيات الدولية == The monetary policy destinations in lraq after2003and its role in the tune of the currency and international reserves

Author name: امجد فخري عبيد المعموري
Supervisor name: كاظم سعد عبد الرضا الاعرجي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rp-The-monetary-policy-destinations-in-lraq-%E2%80%8Eafter2003and-its-role-in-the-tune-of-the-currency-and-%E2%80%8Einternational-reserves.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: That the transition situation experienced by the economy lraq after 2003, and shift in trends monetary policy newly effect that the central bank on independence based on the law 56 year 2004,lat to the use of modern cash tools and commensueate with the requirements of the market oriented system of the hand and the speciflcity that characterizes the lirq economy in light of the structural imbalance suffered by it as well as the failure of the financial system and banking on the other hand ,monetary authority has adopted a policy of targeting inflation in order to maintain monetary stability in the country were used in order to achieve nominally ,due to the economy and financil fragility and the separation of the real sector from the cash which makes the traditional channels do not meet the impact of monetary policy interest rate is largely ineffective monetary authority used the window to sell the currency to him to control and control the exchange real as well as the provision of foreign currencies sector your of import bridge the lack of GDP (under the system of exchange declared floating system of real exchange is divided into two phases first 2003 - 2009 the two and second floating system 2009 - 2016 fixed exchange rate system) the monetary authority succeeded in using the currency sale window to control the exchange rate and to reduce the exchange gap between the offlcial price end the parallel price and then keep the exchange rate relatively stable for the duration 2003 - 2016 thus stabilizing prices and purchasing power in the economy ,but the success of this tool was at the expense pressing the international reserves the central bank in light of consumer spending the great by the government compared to decrease the revenue oil representing the only source to view the currency foreign which makes the exchange rate in the future is also unable to maintain the stability of prices and reduce inflation ,thus the lraq currency is threatened with collapse but it remains the only effective tool of the monetary authority under the special circumstances experienced by the lraq economy.

انتاج وتوصيف متعدد السكريات الخارج خلوي Lactobacillus plantarum من بكتريا Exopolysaccharide المعزولة محليا ودراسة فعاليته البيولوجية == Production And Characterization of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) From Locally Isolated Lactobacillus Plantarum And Studying Its Biological Activity

Author name: بيداء مهدي عباس الغانمي
Supervisor name: ناجح هاشم كاظم الظويهري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Twenty - five isolates of Bacillus spp. Were isolated from 15 soil samples collected from different places in the Holly city of Kerbala, 13 isolates lactobacillus spp. Were isolated from 15 milk products and 7 isolates pseudomonas spp. The isolates were screened for their ability to produce Exopolysaccharide.The results showed that isolate number 3 (Lactobacillus lac 3) was found to give the highest production of the polymer, the isolate has been identified as lactobacillus plantarum. The optimal cultural and environmental conditions for EPS production were been identified which include using the production medium (simplified synthetic medium) containing date juice (5%) as a carbon source and yeast extract (0.2%) as a nitrogen source, the media was enhanced with a total concentration 0.9% of magnesium sulphate and potassium phosphate as mineral salts. The primary pH was adjusted to 6.5 and the inoculum size was 3%(v/v), isolates were grown under anaerobic condition at 35 Co for 24 h and the EPS extracted with ethanol 95%. Two steps were used for partial purification of the polymer as follows, the first step by using TriChloroAcitic acid (TCA) solvent and the second step by dialysis. The yields were (77.4 and 63.8)% for the two purification steps respectively. The biological activity of the EPS extraction from L. plantarum has been tested against some species of G+ve and G - ve bacteria and some fungal. The results showed that EPS extrac exhibits an inhibitory activity against Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus cereus and Proteus bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 23, 21, 19 mm respectively. While, there was no inhibitory effect against fungi. Antioxidant activity has also been tested, where IC50 value against ABTS free radical at 100 Mg / ml. The characterization of partially purified EPS is investigated by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (F.T.I.R). The molecular weight of the polymer was also measured by using viscometer and the molecular weight obtained by this technique was 2.3 *105 Dalton. The EPS extraction from selected isolate showed two spots when separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) which is analyzed as a glucose and galacto

دراسة وبائية للانماط الجينية لطفيلي الاميبا الحالة للنسيج والجيارديا الامبيلية في منطقة الفرات الاوسط العراق

Author name: صبا فاضل علي مهدي معلة
Supervisor name: علي حسين مكي الكبيسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted on the 1350 stool samples from diarrhea - suffering patients in three provinces of middle Euphrates region : Karbala, Babel and Al - Najaf (450 samples in each province). Patients ranged in age from 1 to more than 60 years and from both sexes and different regions who were attended to some hospitals, dispensaries and private laboratories in these provinces during the period from the first of May 2013 till the end of April 2014. All collected fresh samples were examined microscopically by wet - mounts method for G. l a mbl i a and E n ta m oeba histolytica detection One third of positive samples in microscopic examination (which was selected to be representative for all positive samples) from each province and ten of negative one as control group were submitted to the nucleic acid (DNA) extraction. Molecular diagnosis of G. l ambl i a and E. h i s to l yti ca were performed using PCR reaction with amplification of the 532 - bp and 355 - bp fragments from the internal transcribed spacer region1 ITS1 for each parasite respectively. The eluted DNA of each positive sample in ITS1 test with its specific primer was also submitted to a traditional PCR and RT - PCR techniques for detection two genes in G. l a m b l ia { Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP) and Adenosine Triphosphate Guanine Tri Phosphate (ATP/GTP) } and two genes in E. histolytica {Acetatekinase (ACK) and Methionine GammaLyase (MGL)} using PCR and RT - PCR techniques. Five positive PCR products in ITS1 test of G. la m blia were used for sequencing. Based on the results of this study, microscopic examination showed that the total percentages of infection with G. l am bl ia were (14.7, 17.3, 16) % and with E. histolytica were (15.1, 13.3, 16.7) % in Karbala, Babel PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.comand Al - Najaf respectively. The infection with G. l am bli a and E. histolytica was more frequent in males than in females and the prevalence of both parasites in rural areas was higher than the urban areas P < 0.05 in all studied provinces. The highest incidence of infection with G. lamblia occurred in age group 11 - 20 years (P < 0.01) and that with E. histolytica occurred in age group (1 - 10) years (P < 0.05) in all studied provinces. This study was revealed uneven percentages of infection with both parasites during different months of a year (P < 0.01), the highest rate of infection with G. lamb l ia and E. h i s t o l y ti ca were in summer. For the molecular diagnosis of G. l a mbl ia and E. hi s t ol y t i ca, using PCR technique, the prevalence of G. l amb l ia and E. his t o l y ti c a in middle Euphrates region were found to be 14.9 % and 12.8 % respectively. The infection with G. l a m b lia and E. hi stol y t i c a was more frequent in male (62.7, 63.8) % than in female (37.3, 36.2)%, the prevalence of the parasites in rural area (67.2, 69.0)% was higher than the urban area (32.8, 31.0) %, the highest incidence of infection occurred in age groups 1120 and 1 - 10 years with the percentages of (28.4, 29.3) %, the highest rates of infection were in August (20.9%) and July (19.0%) respectively. Significant differences were found between the rate of infection with both G. l a m bl i a and E. hi stol y t i ca and the different parameters (gender, residence, age gropes and months of a year). The results of detection the gens (GARP, ATP/GTP, ACK, MGL) by using PCR technique showed that the total percentages of positive samples were (55.0, 70.0, 45.0, 75.0) %, (62.5, 79.2, 47.0, 70.6) % and (65.2, 73.9, 61.9, 71.4) % in samples of Karbala, Babel and Al - Najaf respectively while those percentages by using RT - PCR were (60.0, 80.0, 50.0, 80.0) %, (66.7, 83.3, 58.8, 82.4) % and (65.2, 78.3, 66.7, 71.4) % respectively. For the detection of genes in G. l am bl ia, sensitivities of 91.8 % and 97.8 % and specificities of 94.6 % and PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com81.4% for PCR and RT - PCR respectively were observed when compared to each others, While Sensitivities of 89.9 % and 98.6% and specificities of 97.3 % and 81.8 % for PCR and RT - PCR respectively for the detection of genes in E. hi sto l y t i c a were observed when compared to each others. Multiple sequence alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis results of this study demonstrated that the G. l ambl ia in Middle Euphrates region - Iraq isolates had nucleotide homology sequence identity percent of 99% with Giardia intestin a l i s (AF199448.1) Australia isolate and with USA isolate Giardia microti

تحمل التراكيب الوراثية من الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. للاجهاد المائي بتاثير البرولين == The Tolerance of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes To The Water Stress Under Proline Influence

Author name: قيود ثعبان يوسف الاسدي
Supervisor name: عبد عون هاشم علوان الغانمي | عبد الجاسم محيسن جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-The-Tolerance-of-maize-Zea-mays-L.-Genotypes-to-the-Water-Stress-under-Proline-Influence.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في حقل خاص لمنطقة البركة (30) كم شمال شرق مدينة كربلاء اثناء موسم النمو 2012للعروتين الربيعية والخريفية باستعمال الاصص البلاستيكية. هدفت الدراسة معرفة تاثير الاجهاد المائي والرش بحامض البرولين وتداخلاتها في المؤشرات المظهرية والفسلجية و| This study was conducted in a private field at Albargah district (30Kms) northern east of Karbala city during spring and fall of 2012 growing season using plastic pots. The goal was assess the effect of water stress, foliar application of proline and their interactions on characteristics morphological, physiological and nutritional status of three genotypes of maize namely : Serour, 5018, and Baghdad - 3.The characteristics included root's volume, root's length, root's diameter, root's dry weight, plant height, leaves number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute and relative growth rates and content of chlorophyll and proline in the leaves. The nutritional status included, the concentration, the contents and the rates of absorption and transport of N, P, K, Ca and Mg.In addition to the molecular study which included the technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) DNA. A Factional experiment within Completely Randomized Design (C.R.D.) was adopted i.e. three genotypes of maize namely : Serour, 5018, and Baghdad - 3, proline (0, 50, 100 and 150) mg. L - 1 and two levels of field capacity (50 and 100) % with three replicates in a total of 72 experimental units.Means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Results could be summarized as follow : 1 - Genotypes significantly differed in the studied traits.The cultivar 5018 gave the highest values of root's volume, root's length, root's diameter, root's dry weight, plant height, and root/shoot ratio for spring and fall cultivations.The same cultivar gave higher values of P%, Ca%, Mg% in roots and the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots, rates of absorption and transport of N, P and Ca in spring and fall cultivations.Leaves P%, Ca% and Mg %, leaves Mg content and absorption and transport of Mg in fall cultivation. on the other hand, Serour cultivar give higher values of leaves number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, absolute and relative growth rates, content of chlorophyll and N% in root in spring and fall cultivation. P% in leaves in fall cultivation, leaves K% in both cultivation, content of N, P, K and Ca of shoot in both cultivations, shoot's Mg content of shoot in fall cultivation, content of N, P, K and Ca of shoot in both cultivation and Mg content of shoot in fall cultivations. Baghdad - 3 cultivar give higher values of proline content, Mg% in roots in both cultivations, shoot Mg% in fall cultivations, absorption and transport rates of K in fall cultivation, transport rate of Ca in spring and fall cultivations and absorption and transport rates of Mg in fall cultivation. 2 - Apart from Ca% of root in spring and fall cultivation, the proline markedly influenced all the rest traits where 100 mg. L - 1 proline gave the highest values compared to control treatment (i.e. 0 proline) that gave the lowest values. The proline at 50 and 150 mg. L - 1 gave intermediate values for all studied traits. 3 - Apart from some cases, 100% field capacity treatment gave higher values of most studied parameters. The field capacity of 50% gave higher values of N% and K% in roots and leaves, the content of N and K of roots and shoots and rates of absorption and transport rates of K in spring and fall cultivations. on the other hand, there was no effect of field capacity on Ca% of roots and shoots in spring and fall cultivation and Mg% of roots in spring cultivations. 4 - Bi and Tri interactions effect was profound on most studied characteristics. 5 - Through molecular study that including isolation of DNA in leaves of maize , a quantity of DNA ranging between 150 - 290 nano - gram / ?l with 1.8 - 1.9 purity was obtained. The differentiation of (RAPD) DNA was analyzed in order to prepare the finger print of maize genotypes. Six primers were tested (OPA - 09, OPA - 11, OPA - 13, OPC - 12, OPD - 20 and OPN - 16). The primers revealed different multiplication products between genotypes.The least value of genetic distance was 0.4103 between 5018 and Baghdad - 3genotypes, while the highest value of genetic distance was 0.7932 between Serour and 5018 genotypes.Data analysis revealed that these genotypes are divided into two main groups namely : group included 5018 and Baghdad - 3 genotypes, and group included Serour genotype only.

دراسة بيئية لمجتمع الطحالب وبعض الملوثات البيئية في نهر الحسينية - كربلاء المقدسة / العراق == Ecological Study For Algal Community And Some Pollutants In Al - Husseinia River Holy Karbala - Iraq

Author name: سارا حمود عبد الامير الاسدي
Supervisor name: فكرت مجيد حسن | جاسم محمد سلمان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: plant - aquatic life
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراســة بيئية شاملة على مياه نهر الحسينية في الفترة الممتدة مـن تشــرين الاول 2012 ولغاية ايلول 2013، تم فيها دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه النهر بالاضافة الى اجراء دراسة كمية ونوعية لمجتمع الطحالب الهائمة والملتصقة المتواجدة في المناطق | Acomprehensive ecological study was conducted on Al - Husseinia River during the period from October 2012 to Septemper 2013. This study includes measuring some chemical and physical properties of water and conduct quantitive and qualitative study of the Algal community which includes the phytoplankton and the periphyton algae , in addition to measuring some of pollutants types such as Heavy metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) the water of the river and its sediments and some kinds of aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillta, Potamogeton pectinatus and Phragmites australis. The results of the present study showed temporal and spatial variations in the physical - chemical properties of water. The water temperature ranged between (12.7 - 31.3) °C which accompanied the variations of air temperature that ranged between (8.5 - 45.3) °C. The river was tending to the alkalinity and the PH was ranged between 7.5 - 8.8 were dominated by bicarbonate ions, the electrical conductivity and the Total Dissolved Solids and The Total suspended solids ranged between (840 - 1416.67) ?s/cm and (413.33 - 700) mg / l and (6.33 - 55.07) mg / l respectively. The river was oligosaline with a salinity ranged between (0.54 - 0.91) PSU. The water current velocity and light penetration recorded fluctuated during the period of the study, their values ranged between (11.68 - 37.77) cm / Sec and (33.67 - 148.67) cm, respectively. The Dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand increased during the cold months and decreased during the warm months where the values ranged between (4.97 - 12.63) mg / l and (0.4 - 4.48) mg / l respectively. The river was very hard, the total hardness ranged between (240 - 516.67) mg / l, and the Total alkalinity ranged between (106.33 - 162) mg / l. Calcium ions and Magnesium ions ranged between (40.08 - 162.32) mg / l and (13.67 - 64.73) mg / l. The values of sulfates ranged between (58.94 - 131.37) mg / l ; their values show an increase at the study sites which were under highly human activities, but they did not exceed the permissible levels of the drinking water quality. The nutrients such as silica and total nitrogen and total phosphorous showed variations during the study and their values ranged between (1.63 - 6.26) mg/l and (1.4 - 3.5) mg / l and (1.33 - 17.29) ?g/l, respectively. A total of 303 algal taxa of phytoplankton and periphyton was identified during the study belonged to six classes of Algae; they include Bacillariophyceae (196 taxa) , Chlorophyceae (59 taxa) , Cyanophyceae (33 taxa) , Euglenophyceae (6 taxa) , Dinophyceae (6 taxa) and Cryptophyceae (3 taxa). The Bacillariophyceae were a dominated class in the phytoplankton community, they constitute 62.4 % of the total number of species followed by Chlorophyceae by 20.66 % and Cyanophyceae by 11. 6 % respectively. The Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae constitute 2.07 %, while the cryptophyceae constitute the lower percentage which amounted to 1.2 % of the total species. Some identified algae like as Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Fragilaria, Scenedesmus and Oscillatoria were dominated by their species numbers in the phytoplankton community , and the total numbers of the phytoplankton cells ranged between (446.8 × 10 3 - 9177 × 10 3) cell / l. In October recorded the highest number of the cells, while in March recorded the lower numbers of the algal cells during the study. A total of 203 taxa was characterized in the epipelic algal community dominated by Bacillariophyceae by 79. 3 %, followed by Cyanophyceae by 10.84 % and Chlorophyceae by 6.9 % respectively, while the Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae constitutes the lower percentage formed 1.48 % of the total species. The total number of epipelic algal cells ranged between (9924.5 to 10.02 × 104) cells / cm2. Winter season recorded the highest average of the total number of cells, while Spring season recorded the lowest numbers of cells. Also, some genera such as Nitzschia, Navicula, Cymbella, Fragilaria and Oscillaroria were dominated in the study period. During this study some taxa of epiphytic algae have also identified on four types of aquatic plants, which included C.demersum , H.verticillata, P.pectinatus and P.australis, the numbers of algal taxa on each there were 124, 116, 77 and 114 respectively. The results showed dominated of Bacillariophyceae followed by Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae and other classes respectively. Some algal genera are dominated by their species of the studied plants such as Cymbella, Navicula, Nitzschia, Fragilaria and Gomphonema. In Autumn the highest numbers of epiphytic cells were recorded, where the total numbers of cells in these plants are 74.24 × 104 cells/g, 38.46 × 104 cells/g, 19.22 × 104 cells/g and 38.88 × 104 cells/g respectively. While the lower number of cells recorded during Summer in each of C.demersum by 8.07 × 104 cells/g and H.verticillata by 8.034× 104 cells/g and P. pectinatus by 3.74 × 104 cells/g, whereas the P. Australis recorded the lowest number of cells during Spring which was 22.51 × 104 cells/g. C.demersum contained the highest numbers of algal cells compared to other plants. The distribution and concentrations of some Heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn are studied in each of the water (dissolved and particulate fractions), and sediments (exchangeable and residual fractions) and four aquatic plants. The average of these heavy metals concentrations in the dissolved phase of the water were (1.4, 1.15, 3.74, 5.46 and 7.66) ?g / l, respectively. While their concentrations in the particulate phase were (3.67, 110.23, 63.97, 732.98 and 167.2) ?g/g respectively. In the sediments the concentrations of these heavy metals in the exchangeable phase were (2.53, 38, 43.45, 169 and 42.16) ?g/g, respectively, whereas their concentrations in the residual phase were (2.54, 32.82, 50.33, 1452.75 and 53) ?g/g, respectively. The concentrations of the Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn in the aquatic plants are also measured during this study and the average of theirs in C.demersum were (11.09, 14.16, 48.58, 2202 and 65.42) ?g/g, respectively. While their concentrations in the H. verticillate were (10.17, 12.99, 43.58, 2921.98 and 60.45) ?g/g, respectively. In P. pectinatus were (11.58, 13.52, 50.06, 2315.47 and 77.88) ?g/g, respectively. Whereas their concentrations in P.australis were (9.29, 11.83, 39.84, 1845.21 and 52.76) ?g/g, respectively. The distribution of sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons is also determined in Al - Husseinia River during this study in each of water, sediments and aquatic plants. These organic compounds include Naphthalene، Acenaphthylene، Acenaphthene، Fluorene، Phenanthrene، Anthracene، Fluoranthene، Pyrene، Benzo(a)Anthracene، Chrysene، Benzo(b)Fluoranthene، Benzo(k)Fluoranthene، Benzo(a)Pyrene، Dibenzo(a, h)Anthracene, Benzo(ghi)perylene وIndo(1, 2, 3 - cd)Pyrene. Their concentrations in the water of river ranged between (0.24 - 58.72) ng/l recorded for each of Benzo(a)Pyrene and Benzo(ghi)perylene respectively, the total concentration of PAHs in the water was 152 ng/L, the results also showed that the source of water pollution of these compounds was pyrogenic and petrogenic origin. In the sediments the concentration of these compounds ranged between (0.36 - 119.06) ?g/g. For each of Naphthalene and Benzo(ghi)perylene, respectively. The total concentration of PAHs in the sediment was 257.71 ?g/gm., The results also showed that the source of sediment pollution with these compounds was also pyrogenic and petrogenic origin as the water. In aquatic plants, the concentration of these compounds in C.demersum and H.verticillata ranged between (0.12 - 152.3) ?g/g and (0.3 - 129.8) ?g/g for Fluoranthene and Benzo(ghi)perylene to each plants respectively , while their concentration in P.pectinatus ranged between (0.25 - 99.36) ?g/g for each Benzo(b)Fluoranthene and Benzo(ghi)perylene respectively, in P.australis PAHs concentration ranged between (0.37 - 134.85) ?g/g for Chrysene and Benzo(ghi)perylene, respectively. C.demersum recorded the highest total concentration of PAHs compared to other plants, and the results showed that the source of pollution in these plants was Pyrogenic origin. They also revealed that Benzo(ghi)perylene recorded the highest concentration during this study compared with other compounds.

دراسة فعالية المشتت الحيوي السطحي المستخلص من بكتريا Bifidobacterium spp في تثبيط الغشاء الحيوي للمسببات المرضية المعزولة من مرضى القسطرة القلبية وتاثيره في عملية البلعمة == Study of The Effectiveness of Biosurfactant Extracted From Bacteria Bifidobacterium Spp. In The Inhibition of Biofilm of Pathogens Isolated From Cardiac Catheterization Patients And Its Effect In Phagocytosis

Author name: بتول شاكر عبد المجلاوي
Supervisor name: هيام عبد الرضا كريم العواد | علي رحيم حنظل الهامل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in order to assess the effect of Biosurfactant extracted from bacteria Bifidobacterium spp in the inhibition of Biofilm produced by pathogenesis bacterial isolated from patients with during cardiac catheterization, This study getting 89 patients with cardiac catheterization unit in AL - Imam AL - Hussain Teaching Hospital from both genders of different ages ranged between (29 - 75) years, starting from (January 2014 and to the end of July 2014). The samples taken from atherosclerosis patients were cultured for all types of cardiac catheterization by three tests Swabs, catheter tip culture and blood culture sample before and after a catheter for the purpose of isolating pathogens that component of the biofilm of patients with atherosclerosis. The results of the current study showed that patients with diagnostic cardiac catheterization rate of 66 (74.16%) patients were given 15 (60%), 15 (60%), 14 (58.33%) and 15 (62.5%) bacterial growth, respectively. But patients with therapeutic cardiac catheterization of 15 (16.85%) patients were given 6 (24%), 6 (24%), 6 (25%) and 6 (25%) bacterial growth respectively, and diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization for together 8 (8.99 %) patients were given 4 (16%) 0.4 (16%), 4 (14.67%) and 3 (12.5%), bacterial growth, respectively. The results showed sensitivity and specificity values for swabs test 96%, 100%. while the catheter tip culture was 96% and 100% respectively, and blood culture was 100 and 98%, respectively, it became clear from the results after the sample cultivations on the enrichment and differential media that 89 patients (sample joint) gave 25 (28.08%) positive sample for bacterial cultivation, and two of them showed two types of bacteria to become 27 isolated bacterial, isolates were diagnosed 11 (70.74%) gram positive, 15 (55.56%) gram negative , one isolate only of the yeasts 1 (3.70%), and 64 (71.91%) did not give any growth. Ability of pathological isolates were tested for the production of Biofilm by using three different methods, tube method TM, Congo Red Agar CRA, microtiter plate M TP were given 25 (92.6%), 16 (58.26%) and 26 (96.29%) the isolate of producing biofilm by different quantities respectively. The results of the investigation of formation biofilm test showed that MTP has 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity, the TM sensitivity was 96% and 100% specificity and CRA was sensitivity of 61.5% and 100% specificity. One hundred and fifteen samples were collected from of local and imported dairy products 45 (39.13%), breast milk 32 (27.83%) and cows milk, 38 (33.04%) were obtained at 22 (19.13%) positive sample of Bifidobacterium bacteria after morphological, microscopic and biochemical diagnosis tests and comparing these isolates with standard isolates. Oil Spreding Techingue and blood Hemolysis was performed to investigate the capability Bifidobacterium on the production biosurfactant, the efficiency antithesis test was studied of liquid bacterial farm for Bifidobacterium bacteria against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Serratia marcescens was diameters of inhibition zones (24.25, 21, 24, 22, 23) mm respectively. The inhibitory effectiveness was Studied for filtrate against bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, P.aeruginosa, Enterobacter Cloacae and Serratia mercescens, where the E.coli bacteria was more effective and P.aeruginosa less effective by the bacterial filtrate. The study included the effect of three concentrations of biosurfactant against bacteria test group, and the diameters of inhibition rates of inhibition areas to concentrations 50% as follows (33.34, 30.34, 32.30, 33.32) mm respectively. The diameters rates of zones of inhibition for the concentration of 25% was as follows (30.32, 27.32, 31.28, 31.5, 29) mm respectively, and zones inhibition rates of concentration of 12.5% as follows (28.29, 24.30, 26.26, 28.26) mm respectively, statistically significant differences at the significance level of P <0.01inhibition in rates depending on the type of user concentration and statistically significant differences between the types of bacteria in their affected by biosurfactant. also determine the values of (MIC) Minimum Inhibitory Concentraction, (SubMIC) Sub Minimum Inhibitory Concentraction and (MBC) Minimum Bactericidal Concentraction, the value of MIC 6.25 mg / ml, Sub MIC 3.12 mg / ml and MBC 12.5 mg / ml of the bacteria E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and the value of MIC amounted to 12.5 mg / ml, Sub MIC 6.25 mg / ml and MBC 25 mg / ml of bacteria S.aureus, S.epidermidis, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and Serratia mercescens. The susceptibility of biosurfactant was studied to inhibit biofilm bacteria by MTP method The results showed a significant decrease in the formation of biofilm after the addition of biosurfactant compared with the biofilm before adding biosurfactant where the decreased rate reached 96%. Effect of biosurfactant test was performed on the efficiency of phagocytosis in vitro the percentage of phagocytosis reached 40.9% of the control group 64.8% of the experimental group. Concluded that the biosurfactant has a clear inhibitory efficacy against pathogens isolated from patients with cardiac catheterization and inhibition of biofilm for pathogens as well as raising the efficiency of the process of phagocytosis in vitro

دراسة تاثيرات سم الزيرالينون في حبوب الذرة الصفراء والحنطة على بعض المعايير الحيوية لدى اناث الجرذ الابيض وامكانية المعالجة الحيوية للحد من تلك التاثيرات == Study The Effects of Zearalenone Toxin In Maize And Wheat Grain On Some Vital Parameter Among Female White Rat And The Possibility of Biological Treatment To Reduce These Effects

Author name: محمد فخري حسين الخفاجي
Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا علي الجميلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Toxins
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت هذه الدراسة الى التحري عن سم الزيرالينون في حبوب الذرة الصفراء (Zea mays) والحنطة(Triticum aestivum) في محافظتي كربلاء وبابل واختبار فاعلية المستحضر الحيوي لبكتريا subtilis Bacillus في حماية حبوب الذرة الصفراء والحنطة من الاصابة بالفطر Fusarium grami | This study aimed to investigate Zearalenone toxin in yellow corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the provinces of Kerbala, Babil and test the effectiveness of the vital preparation for bacteria Bacillus subtilis in the protection of maize and wheat grain from getting the fungus Fusarium graminearum under normal storage conditions. Moreover been conducting a study on the possibility of employing the vaccine bacteria B. subtilis after her killing in thermally protect vital systems for female white rat poison from the effects Zearalenone toxic.Isolation and diagnosis results showed the presence of many different races and fungal species and was the most presence in maize and wheat grain genus Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. Emergence rates reached 58% and 33.3% respectively in maize grain and by 66.6% and 25% respectively in the grain of wheat. The test demonstrated the ability isolates fungus Fusarium spp. results To produce Zearalenone toxin using technology (TLC) Thin Layer Chromatography having 10 isolates that produce the poison out of 12 isolation or by 83.3%. On the other hand diagnosed fungal species F. graminearum and F. moniliform and F. culmorum as productive poison Zearalenone while isolation F.napiform were not able to produce the toxin. The results of the investigation of contamination of samples of yellow corn and wheat Zearalenone using technology TLC presence of contamination and the two rates stood at 41.6% in maize and 25% in wheat grain cereals The results of the study of the effect of pH and sodium chloride in the growth of fungus F. graminearum that this fungus can grow a wide range of pH and ranges from 12 - 6 as well as afford salt levels ranging between 1 - 4 PPT Per 100 ml. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the vital preparation for the bacteria B. subtilis in the protection of maize and wheat grain from injury F. graminearum under normal storage conditions for a period of three months, not the effectiveness of these bacteria to protect maize and wheat grain in the normal storage conditions are limited but had a distinct role in the protection of critical systems to female white rat when treated those animals vaccinated with bacteria murdered thermally followed congection Zearalenone toxin as any symptoms in some biochemical and physiological blood parameter studied as well as the safety of the investigated organs such as the liver, kidney, Small intestine, ovary and uterus of any medical condition did not appear at a time appeared in which variations in satisfying those criteria have studied female albino rat treatment Zearalenone toxin only.

تحضير مركبين نانويين هجينين من الكلورهكسدين وحامض التانيك وتحديد فعلهما المضاد للاحياء المجهرية المعزولة من مرضى الحروق في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة == Preparation of Two Nanohybrid Compounds From Chlorhexidine And Tannic Acid And Determination Their Antimicrobial Activities Against Microorganisms Isolated From Burns Patients In Sacred Karbala Province

Author name: نورس مجيد حميد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: علي عبد الكاظم الغانمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Preparation-of-Two-Nanohybrid-Compounds-from-Chlorhexidine-and-Tannic-Acid-and-Determination-Their-Antimicrobial-Activities-Against-Microorganisms.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة عزل وتشخيص اهم انواع البكتريا المسببة لاخماج الحروق كما تضمنت ايضا تحضير وتشخيص مركبين نانويين هجينين احدهما من المطهر كلورهكسدين والاخر من حامض التانيك. تم تقييم الفعالية التثبيطية للمطهر النانوي المحضر اعلاه ضد البكتريا المعزولة في هذه | This study included the isolation and diagnosis of the most important species of bacteria responsible for the infection in burns. It also included the preparation and detection of two hybrid nano compounds, one of them from the disinfectant chlorhexidine and the other from the tannic acid. The inhibitory activity of the nano disinfectant was assessed against the isolated bacteria in this study also, the antioxidant activity of the hybrid nano tannic acid was identified and the results showed the following : 1 - As a total 32 samples were taken from burned patients hospitalized in the burning ward Imam Al - Hussien medical city in Sacred Karbalaa governate. It had been obtained 8 isolates (34.78) % from Pseudomonas spp., 7 of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one was P. oryzihabitans , 4 isolates (17.39) % were Acinetobacter baumannii, 4 isolates (17.39) % were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one isolate (4.34) % of Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Serratia liquefaciens and Chryzeobacterium meningosepticum and two isolates (8.69) % of Staphylococcus aureus in addition to one isolate (4.43) % from Candida guilliermondii yeast.2 - Chlorhexidine disinfectant and tannic acid were used in preparation of the two hybrid nano compounds after intercalating each of them on layers of double hydroxide (Mg/Al - LDH). FT - IR spectrum studies has shown the appearance of specific chemical groups and the disappearance of others while the spectrum of x - ray(XRD) has shown the appearance of new levels of diffraction in the spectrum of the hybrid nano disinfectant Mg/Al - CHX - LDH and the spectrum of the hybrid nano tannic acid Mg/Al - TA - LDH as compared to the spectrum of the Mg/Al - LDH, which indicate that the two prepared compounds under study is a nano hybrid compounds. Results of the scanning electronic microscope has shown, the change in the shape of the surface of the nanohybrid compounds that prepared above as compared to the layer of double hydroxide. It turns out from the results of the examination with the use of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), that the diameter of the particles of hybrid nano disinfectant and hybrid nano tannic acid were (121.66 and 77.70) nm, respectively. 3 - The inhibitory activity of the hybrid nano disinfectant Mg/Al - CHX - LDH and the free disinfectant (Free CHX) has been studied and the results revealed followings : a. The hybrid nano disinfectant has the highest inhibitory activity against the two bacterial isolates P. aeruginosa (11 and 23 - A) with an inhibition diameter of 24 mm for each, while the inhibition diameter for the free disinfectant was 23.5 mm against the isolate P. aeruginosa 4 - C.b. The hybrid nano disinfectant showed the highest inhibitory activity against the two isolates A. baumannii (16 - A and 31 - A) with an inhibition diameter of 18 mm for each, while the highest inhibition activity for the free disinfectant was against the isolate A. baumannii 22 - B with an inhibition diameter of 19.5 mm.c. The hybrid nano disinfectant showed the highest inhibitory activity against the isolate K. pneumoniae (16 - B) with an inhibition diameter of 24.5 mm, while the highest inhibition activity for the free disinfectant was against the isolate K. pneumoniae 15 - B with an inhibition diameter of 24.5 mm also.d. The highest inhibition activity for the hybrid nanoic disinfectant against each of bacteria P. mirabilis and E. coli with an inhibition diameter of 23.5 mm, while the highest inhibitory activity for the free disinfectant was against the bacteria E. coli with an inhibition diameter of 24.5 mm, while the bacteria C. meningosepticum was the least affected among the other types of the isolated bacteria with an inhibition diameter of 8 mm and it was resistance to the hybrid nano disinfectant.e. The highest inhibition activity for the hybrid nano chlorhexidine was against the isolate S. aureus 21 with an inhibition diameter of 28.5 mm, while the highest inhibition activity for the free chlorhexidine was against the isolate S. aureus 22 - A with aninhibition diameter of 31.5 mm.f. The inhibitory activity of both the hybrid nano and the free disinfectant against C. guilliermondii yeast was closely to each other with an inhibition diameter of (28 and 29) mm, respectively.4. The study of antioxidant activity confirmed the following : a. Using free radical scavenging method, the IC50(Half maximal inhibitory concentration) value against ABTS free radical were at 10 µg /ml for free tannic acid while it was at 125 µg /ml for the hybrid nano tannic acid Mg/Al - TA - LDH.b. Measurement of ferric ion reducing power revealed that free tannic acid had reducing power greater than that of the hybrid nano tannic acid

دراسة لتشخيص بكتريا الملوية البوابية Helicobacter pylori المعزولة من الخزع النسيجية والغائط == Study For Diagnosis Helicopacter Pylori Isolated From Biopsy And Stool

Author name: ابرار علي حسين
Supervisor name: هيام عبد الرضا كريم العواد | ياسمين خضير الغانمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص بكتريا (Helicobacter pylori) من الخزع النسيجية وعينات البرازالماخوذة من المرضى المراجعين مستشفى الحسين التعليمي حيث جمعت 122 عينة من الخزع النسيجية من وحدة الناظور من 61 مريض بواقع عينتين للمريض الواحد, كما تم جمع 228 عين | The present study addressed isolate and diagnose the bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) from biopsy and stool, samples taken from AL - Hussein Teaching Hospital where collected 122 samples of biopsy from the endoscopy. From 61 patients by two samples per patient, also were collected 228 samples of stool from the laboratory of the Department of parasites by two samples of 114 patients for the period from January 2014 to January 2015. Where shown on biopsy results which were subject to examination by the rapid urease test (RUT) the presence of 60 (98.4%) cases, while there were 23 (37.7%) case of those bacteria being positive related to biopsy was not significant differences between the two tests performed. When the distribution of test results (RUT) and culture according to age group, it appear that the highest percentage of infection was in 50 - 41 age group that which showed the highest percentage on examination (RUT) of the number of infected at 16 (26.23%) cases, either in the culture technique number of infected at 9 (14.75%) cases. But when the results of each of the examination (RUT) and culture were distribution according to the sex of the patient's infection was the higher in the females than males reaching males 28 (45.90%) cases in females of 32 (52.46%) cases for examination (RUT). No significant differences appear between the sexes in terms of infected. While the males in 8 (13.11%) and in the case of females was 15 (24.59%) case for the culture technique it did not show significant differences between the sexes in terms of the patients. While taking stool samples to check the stool antigens, it was found that there are 76 (66.7%) cases diagnosed while the technology for the polymerase chain reaction gene cagA to 49 (43%) cases have significant differences between the tests performed. When distribution the results of each of the stool antigens and polymerase chain reaction technique by age group category the highest infected was in 46 - 55 the age group with the number of 23 (20.18%) people case for screening stool antigens. The test results of the technology polymerase chain reaction showed that highest rate of infection was in the 35 - 26 age group where the number of patients was at 15 (13.16%) case.The results of the stool antigens examination also showed that the infection rate among males was higher than females, 39 males (34.21%) and in the case of females has reached the number of 37 cases (32.46%) casesThat did not show significant differences between the sexes patient. The technical results of the polymerase chain reaction by sex has been the injury was higher in females than males reaching 22 in males (19.30%) cases, while in females was 27 (23.68%) cases did not show significant differences between the sexes in terms of the infected. The results of the study conclude that (RUT) and stool antigen test is the fastest in the detection of infection from the bacteria H. pylori and then comes beyond culture technique for biopsy sample and then polymerase chain reaction for stool samples

دراسة تاثير الذيفان حال الدم الفا المستخلص من بكتريا Echerichia.coli في فعالية واستجابة الخلايا المناعية == Study The Effect of The Alpha Hemolysin Toxin Extracted From Echerichia Coli In The Activity And Response of Immune Cells

Author name: وقار عدنان حمدان الكبيسي
Supervisor name: ذكرى عدنان جواد المسلماوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية محورين الاول الحصول على عزلات من بكتريا E.coli من المرضى المصابين بخمج السبيل البولي اذ تم الحصول على اربعة عزلات من بكتريا E.coli من مختبر الصحة العامة في كربلاء، وعزلة من بكتريا E.coli من براز شخص سليم من مستشفى الاطفال في كربلاء و| The isolation of E.coli bacteria from patients with urinary tract infection, Four isolates were obtained from the public health laboratory in Karbala, and isolation of E.coli bacteria from the feces from healthy person and S.aureus from the public health laboratory, on the basis of microscopic diagnosis and biochemical test isolates were confirmed diagnosis.This axis also included the investigation of the ability of four UTIs isolates to produce the toxin qualitatively on blood agar and measuring the diameters of hemolysis and quantitatively by measuring the amount of hemoglobin released from the RBCs.The toxin (hemolysin) was extracted from the most efficient isolate, after the cultivation in the chemically defined medum (CDM) The highest dilution gave hemolytic activity on blood cells 1/32 (320 units / ml), but after sedimentation, dialysis and freeze - drying found that (1 / 64) caused hemolysis of 50% of the blood cells compared to the standard curve.The results of this study, indicated that the role of the toxin (Hemolysin) in the pathogenecity and virulence of E.coli, lowered the lethal dose (LD50) of the bacteria which decreased from (107 × 3.16 cells / mL) to (106 × 2.34 cells / mL).The second axis included the study of the immune responce included : Studying the effect of the toxin on the immune cells isolated from the peritoneum of the mice through its effect on viability of these cells, using the concentrations of the toxin that showed the hemolytic activities (100, 90.70, 50.25) %, as well as determine the effect of the toxin on the phagocytosis S.aureus process in different periods The study found that the toxin effect on the immune cells depends on the concentration used.The low concentrations of the toxin, which showed hemolytic activity (25%) did not affect the viability of immune cells and their ability to phagocytosis where the results of the statistical analysis showed no significant difference (0.05 <p) in comparison with control, while high concentrations of the toxin showed effects on the viability of immune cells and on phagocytosis where statistical analysis significant difference (0.05> p) compared to control treatment, and the results showed that the effect of the toxin on the phagocytosis depended on the concentration and time, where phagocytic Index decrease with dose and time.It was estimated the level of cytokins (IL - 1B, IL - 2, IL - 6, TNF) in plasma were estimated for mice injected with sub lethal dose 50 (106) of the non hemolytic E.coli isolated from stool and another group which injected with LD50 of the toxin (25%) and a third group were injected with a mixture of bacteria the toxin in addition to the control group injected with normal saline, The level of cytokins during different periods of time (6, 12, 24, 48, 72) hour were estimated, where it was found that the sub LD50 of the non hemolytic E.coli had no effect on the level of TNF while sub LD50 of the toxin had no significant effect as well as the doses of the mixture in comparison with control treatment while the other cytokins, Results showed little rise in the level of IL - 1? in mice injected with non hemolytic bacteria and when the injection with sub LD50 as well as two doses mixture was large, as well as the case for IL - 2 and the IL - 6, but in different proportions, from this we conclude that the toxin stimulates the liberation of the IL - 1 and IL - 2 and the IL - 6 from immune cells, but does not affect the TNF.

دراسة جزيئية ومناعية لطفيلي اللشمانيا الجلدية Cutaneous Leishmania في المحافظات الوسطى والجنوبية == Molecular And Immunological Study of Cutaneous Leishmania In The Middle And Southern Provinces

Author name: ازهار موسى جعفر الموسوي
Supervisor name: علي حسين الكبيسي | مهدي حسين العمار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Molecular-and-Immunological-study-of-Cutaneous-Leishmania-in-the-middle-and-southern-provinces-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The study includes distribution of the Cutaneous Leishmania in some governorates in Iraq. Specimens are included cases of outpatients in hospitals like : Al - Karamah, Al - Sadir Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Al - Hilla Teaching Hospital, Al - Hussein Teaching Hospital and Ein Altamer General Hospitals in Kerbala, Al - Sadir Teaching Hospital in Al - Najaf, Al - Karamah and Al - Zahraa Teaching Hospitals in Wasit, Al - Diwanyia General Hospital. Al - Hussein General Hospital in Al - Nasiriya, Al - Smawa General Hospital, Al - Sadir Teaching Hospital and Al - Qurna General Hospital in Al - Basrah during October 1122 to march 1121 Cutaneous Leishmania is consider a major problem that faces the patients because it causes deformities in the infection region. The study includes 330 cases of skin ulcer in which 225 of them were microscopically positive. Parasitic growth was done using two types of cultural media NNN and RPMI - 1640.The results have shown a considerable difference between male and female in which male was significantly exceeding 131) %22.11 (and female was 94) %72.44 (and 139) %72.44 (of outpatients from rural areas increased in numbers from outpatients of urban areas, and only) %12.11(from urban areas.The number of ulcerations in body has exceeded infection, that means more than one ulceration in male 83 (85%) and for female 41 (62%), and concerning infection in three or four ulceration, it is approximately equal and normally distributed on face areas 99 and a percentage of (44%) then lower arms are 92 and a percentage of (40.80%) and the upper parts are 33 and a percentage of (14.66%). Also, one infection was recorded on The study shows that 46 patients in a percentage of (%20.44) having a dry infection; whereas 179 patients (%79.55) having the wet type.For accurate diagnosis of Leishmaniaa species distributed in Iraq, PCR Was used technique and diagnosed two types of Leishmania parasite that causes the illness. A band in a length of 560 bp in 186 samples related to Leishmania major and the band sample was 750 bp related to 39 Leishmania tropica.Through studying the samples in Kerbala City, the number infected samples were 125 for the years of 2010 - 2011 the actuality is (73) infection and (52) infection from 2011 - 2012 in a ratio of (58.4 % and % 72.7 accordingly) in different inhibited areas in the governorate in which (51)) %71.2 (was in Ein Al - Tamir Suburb, and 29 cases of) %11.1 (in Al - Husseinya Suburb, as well as 17 cases of (13.6%) in Al - Hur Suburb, 16 cases) %21.2 (in the south quarters and 7 cases of (5.6%) in the north quarters and only 5 cases of (4%) in the city center.The molecular diagnosis in Polymerase Chain Reaction for Kerbala governorate samples have shown 31) %17.2 (of L.tropica, 22) %24.7(of them were male and 9 of) %4.1 (of them were female. L. major was 94 of) %42.1 (in which 55 of) %77 (were in male and 39 of) %12.1 (were in female.The immunological study for the patients serums with L. major by ELISA technique has significantly shown raised values of IgG and IgM during infection in comparison with the control group, then it declines slowly after treatment in which IgG was in ratio (1811.1 ± 523.1 mg/dl), and IgM was in ratio (166.7 ±23.6 mg/dl). Also, in L. tropica - IgG was in ratio (1722.1 ± 524.0mg/dl) and IgM was in ratio (25.3±182.9mg/dl) in comparison with control specimens, and then the ratios have declined after treatment dosages with Pentostam drug.The cellular dynamics values have shown an abstract increase in which interferon - gamma (IFN - ?) in infected patients with cutaneous L. major were (221.1±2.2mg/dl) which declined after treatment abstractly to (7.12±1.1mg/dl) as well as for L tropica (22.1±7.2mg/dl) which shows no significant abstract difference after treatment with control.An increase appears in cytokine IL - 10 that reached in L.major (122.1±8.2mg/dl) and after treatment was (8.11±2.2mg/dl) and in L. tropica was (222.1±2.2mg/dl) with no significant abstract difference after treatment with control specimen.As a simple attempt to find a vaccine for Leishmania disease a Lipophosphoglycan was isolated and purified as known factor for promastigot stage. The vaccine injected for two groups of Bulb mice in a concentration of purified vaccine (L.majorand Ltropica) to study the immunological response by detecting the Lymphocyte Transformation assay, the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity test and the PhagocytosisIndex.In lymphocyte transformation the ratio of L. tropica was % 7.2 and for L. major was % 21.7 and there is significant difference by P? 0.05 in comparison with control specimen in which its ratio was %7.4, and for Delayed Hypersensitivity test study the average foot thickness injected with vaccine and the other foot which injected with phenol - saline solution - only (1.11 ± 2.12ml) for the first group and (1.21 ± 2.72) for the second group, and for the control group it has registered (1.77± 1.15 ml) with a considerable difference of P? 0.05. By calculating the ratio of Phagocytosis Index cells, it was 17% and 27.6% for the first and second groups while for the control group it has been reaching 9.10%. Therefore, we can get advantage from these values as indicators for the rule of vaccine in the immunological response and triggering of vaccine idea for this disease.

حماية مقر البعثة الدبلوماسية في القانون الدولي == Protect The Diplomatic Mission's Headquarters In International Law

Author name: مسلم طاهر حسون الحسيني
Supervisor name: صلاح جبير صدام البصيصي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Public International Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: يحظى موضوع حماية مقر البعثة الدبلوماسية في القانون الدولي باهمية خاصة يتاسس على ضرورة ضمان الحماية الكافية لمقر البعثة الدبلوماسية لتمكين افراد البعثة من اداء وظائفهم على اكمل وجه بوصفهم ممثلين لدولهم كما اكدت على ذلك الاتفاقيات الدبلوماسية والقنصلية , وع | the protection of the diplomatic mission's headquarters in the international law enjoy with particular importance, as it is based on the need to ensure adequate protection for the headquarters of the diplomatic mission to enable mission members to perform their jobs to the fullest picture, as they are representatives of their respective countries. as it stressed on that the diplomatic and consular agreements, and on this basis, the protection of the mission headquarters and all accessories have an extreme importance as a link of communication between the various countries of the world. Consequently the highlights importance of studying the protection of the diplomatic mission headquarters to maintain the permanence and continuity of international relations as well as to maintain the foreign vital interests and protect them from abuse and attacks that are exposed, which imposes on the states to do the necessary to ensure the protection of diplomatic headquarters and to ensure the sanctity according to international conventions measures. The international community witnessing an expansion and development in the field of international relations, and the countries strive to consolidate and strengthen these relations through the upgrading of international cooperation in all areas. Diplomacy considered as the main pillar in the international exchange between all countries of the world, as well as the important role they play in the establishment and the consolidation and deepening of international relations, and through diplomacy many of the disputes and conflicts and problems are addressed and resolved as consensual of the Parties, And to promote an atmosphere of good mutual relations between the countries of the world, and on this basis , all countries sought to establish and set up diplomatic missions, to represent their countries at the other countries, and to reconcile between common vital interests and based on that the consequences of the establishment of diplomatic bodies set up physical entities to those diplomatic missions of buildings and diplomatic headquarters the international community has been concerned with a great interest in providing protection to the headquarters of the diplomatic mission and all accessories, And this protection stems from the importance of diplomatic relations between the countries of the world. It is necessary to say that the protection of the diplomatic mission headquarters constitutes one of the basic rules of international diplomatic organization from the beginning of international relations between countries , because of that the diplomatic mission represents a key element in the formation of the diplomatic mission, and thus represent the physical entity for it and for the state represented by , so that the norms was confirmed in diplomat to secure protection for the headquarters of the diplomatic mission and all its buildings by host country , so that the mission members to perform their jobs freely , tranquility and safety , at the same time the rules of diplomatic law placed obligations on the state and accredited staff missions using diplomatic headquarters for Legitimate diplomatic business and what is not incompatible with the duties and functions of the diplomatic mission. And WITNESS WHEREOF, we dealt this study to protect the diplomatic mission's headquarters in international law by dividing this Search to three chapters where we have dedicated the first chapter to demonstrate the concept of the protection of the diplomatic mission headquarters and scope and the rules governing them within the first section of this chapter , while we dealt in the second part with immunities and privileges prescribed to protect diplomatic mission headquarters and dealt with the exceptions that are provided for the immunity of the mission headquarters, we have dealt in the second chapter with the legal regulation to protect of mission headquarters, in the first section of this chapter we dealt with the legal nature of the protection mission headquarters as well as protect them in accordance with relevant international agreements. While the second section of it dedicated to the statement of the legal rules established to protect the mission's headquarters during the armed conflict, and finally, we search the liability arising from the violation of the sanctity of the diplomatic mission's headquarters , in the third quarter, where the first part of it addressed the responsibility of the host country and its strains and its basis and its effects arising from the violation of the sanctity of the mission headquarters, we dealt in the second part with the responsibility of individuals through the statement of the nature of the violations committed by individuals as well as the statement of sanctions resulting from the violation of the protection of the diplomatic mission's headquarters in accordance with national legislation and international conventions and the phenomenon of attacks and abuses on the diplomatic mission and the headquarters especially in light of the current international situation as one of the most important motives in writing this research.

التنظيم القانوني لاموال العتبات المقدسة : العتبة العباسية انموذجا == Legal Regulation Of The Funds Of The Holy Shrines The Al - Abbas's Holy Shrine (Exemplar)

Author name: انور محمد علي حميد القرعاوي
Supervisor name: احمد شاكر سلمان الجراح
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Administrative Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Public Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Depending on the high status , And the holiness of the jurists and the law. enjoyed by the holy shrines , As religious and cultural sites , And the containment of the pure bodies of Ahl Albait (peace be upon them) , It has been associated with the hearts of millions of Muslims , From all over the world , And they are already on the sanctuary of these holy places , And compete to provide them with financial tender , Cessation or vow or bequest or gift... , For this reason, the funds of the holy shrines have become the subject of the research and attention.The succession of previous governments, and their differences in the holy sites, according to their political orientation, have had a significant impact on the organization of the management of their funds, the extent to which the holy sites have reached the current stage, the development of expansion and construction, and the provision of services to visitors and citizens in their basic life. The legislation in force regulates the management of the sanctuaries , determines its financial resources and assigns its administrative functions toa department that operates in accordance with Shari'a and legal rules and under the supervision , and supervision of the supreme religious authority. The increase in the activities of the holy shrines, in various fields, makes them need legal regulation toregulate the movement of these funds, and enables workers to manage these sanctuaries to organize their affairs and carry out the functions and tasks assigned to them.In order to shed light on the issue of legal regulation of the funds of the holy shrines (the sanctuary of Imam Abbas as an example ), the concept of the funds of the sanctuary , the provisions of the management of funds, the control exercised on the management of these funds, the legal protection of these funds, The sanctuary of Imam Abbas is a model whose financial organization is the broader and more comprehensive organization than the other thresholds. To outline the subject in detail, we will divide the thesis into two chapters.In the first chapter, we will discuss the concept of the funds of the Holy Sanctuaries and their provisions. We will explain the definition of the Holy Sepulcher funds, the legal development of the management of these funds, the legal nature of these funds, and access to the provisions related to the management of these funds according to their categories. Of spending, access to the budgets included in sanctuary , and the extent to which they relate to the federal public budget of the state.The second chapter will be devoted to the subject of the supervision of the holy sites funds and their legal protection, through which we will show the extent to which the funds of the holy sites are subject to self - control.These are the internal control system, the internal control exercised by the members of the executive authority against the funds of the holy sites, and control of independent councils. We will also demonstrate the protection of administrative legislation, criminal protection and civil protection of funds of holy sites. We conclude this thesis with a number of conclusions and recommendations which we have reached through our discussion of the subject matter of the thesis.

المسؤولية المدنية للمؤسسات الاعلامية : دراسة مقارنة == Civilian Responsibility For The Media Institutions Comparison Study

Author name: شيماء سعد مجيد
Supervisor name: عباس علي محمد الحسيني
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Law - Department Of Private Law
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: when Media Establishments are practicing their various activities , they may attach damage to others, which leads to civil responsibility whether it was negligent or contracting responsibility by compelling them to compensate the affected.The study aims at providing more protection to the affected due to media establishments work whatever their entity was through viewing the practical reality path of these establishments on the general and special principles and rules in Jurisprudence, legalization and laws which requires conducting personal interviews with specialists in media work and some editions issued by media establishments.The important of legal study and the reasons for choosing the topics were manifested in the rapid development of media activity with the different ways , and its intervention in the functions they have the great importance in the community , its represented with Indicate public opinion , to dissemination of culture among the public , deliver the news to them , Through the media institutions that manage these activities and supervised on , this activity and his institutions have a lot of rights and freedoms that should be employed to achieve the functions and tasks referred to , however, these institutions may deviate from the borders drawn to those rights or arbitrarily in use , which should make a real balance between the right of media institutions in the using of their activities and the people's right to preserve their rights , such as not compromising them dignity or expose their privacy otherwise the inflicted damage that they have will requires Legal liability for the media organizationsaccountable for. and we will show the most important points that can be show the importance of research on the subject and the reasons for this choice : 1 - Study civil liability of media organizations have not been cared by scholars of civil law , It all focused their concerns on the study of civil liability for journalists employees and non - employees in these institutions , as well as limited studies of some of the media , that is why we found it appropriate and necessary that this care have to extends to the responsibility of the various media institutions and media engaged in a variety of activities, to find out the concept and provisions , to completing the idea to the reader without having to be incomplete or fragmented.2 - Although this subject as shown in practical problems caused by media organizations to engage in activities , however, it is clear that the advent of the provisions of civil laws general formulas are free from private texts facing civil liability in question - this is not a defect in it - In terms of these laws that legislators want them to be general laws apply to everyone and accommodate new ones in the future , , which requires a stand at these texts and find out their suitability for the organization of civil liability for media institutions and absorbed all its provisions , or they need some development where, sometimes amendment, interpretation at other times. That is what this study seeks. The issuance of special legislation dealing with provisions important aspects of activity of media organizations and press or radio or television requires a stand at the texts, analysis and what can be provided upon the support or modify them or claim the legislation of other texts to accommodate some of the molecules that are in dire need of intervention of the legislature in organized.3 - Starting from the importance of what we have said, the judiciary has sought his part to take advantage of some of the current legal provisions and undertakethe task of broad interpretation to each other as who is appointed to keep up with that seen in the facts before him daily of the evolution and acceleration in the use of techniques that damage to others, until he realized that it is appropriate that there should be a private publishing and broadcasting courts be closer to this reality , and he had what he wanted, where has introduced some of these courts, particularly in Iraq which requires stand at how to handle the judiciary of such facts in the general trial orspecialized.4 - In addition to the above, the strong desire for us - and we are working on the side of these media institutions - to take advantage of our media to diagnose what can be diagnosed , , And stand at the stations that require to stand on them daily, in order to offer it to provisions of the law until we see the extent of the commitment of media organizations the legal for conduct of its business , and if we had scored - with regret - lack of cooperation by some media organizations, including private and official in brief us on some of the contracts concluded by the which is an important source of civil liability of these institutions in general and in particular contractual responsibility with.The significance of the research is manifested in the technical and scientific development in the field of media activity on which these establishments are based and the immense openness the world witnesses in general and Iraq in particular in the field of media work.We tackled the subject of this research through a preliminary research in which we viewed the concept of media establishments within two chapters : in the first one , we searched the concept of civil responsibility of media establishments. We devoted the second one for the civil responsibility rules of media establishments.

شعر السيد صادق الفحام (ت 1205هـ - 1790م) اتجاهاته وخصائصه الفنية == The Poetry of Al - Sayed Sadiq Al - Faham Trends And Characteristics of Art

Author name: عبد الستار جبار عطية
Supervisor name: Khudhayer Abbas Darwish
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: one of the most important poets of his time, and the poets of the first layer, it has played an important role in the revitalization of the literary movement of his time in general and poetry especially, as it is one of the founders of the battle Thursday

الثنائيات الضدية في رثاء المدن الاندلسية : دراسة تحليلية

Author name: رازقية كاظم عبد عزيز الجبوري
Supervisor name: علي كاظم محمد علي المصلاوي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

المباني الفقهية للتفكير في الفكر السلفي واثره على الواقع المعاصر == The Doctrinal Buildings Of Atonement In Salafi Thought And Its Impact On Contemporary Reality

Author name: بهاء مهدي مظلوم
Supervisor name: بلاسم عزيز شبيب الزاملي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-The-doctrinal-buildings-of-atonementin-Salafi-thought-and-its-impact-on-contemporary-reality.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: As a result of what is going through the Islamic religion in general and the Islamic community in particular,tearing apart, conflicts, and religious, political and cultural woes and woes because of the Salafi - Takfiri thought; this study is to shed light on the foundations and jurisprudential buildings on which the Takfiris based their fatwas,and stand on them and discuss them, And the statement of the views of the scholars of Islam.Research in this endeavor is a restriction of the most important buildings the most important buildings on which the Wahhabi Salafism was based on its atonement for the people in general, for the Muslims in particular, and for the followers of Ahl al - Bayt (peace be upon them), Every Tkfiri fatwa is attributed to one of these buildings.This Wahhabi terrorism has hit America, France and Turkey, and Al Qaeda and Daesh continue to occupy our cities And our villages in Iraq, Syria and Libya, and slaughter our sons and loot the goods of our country and destroy our heritage and civilization, Their great state continued to issue fatwas of takfir and its mujahedeen men to fight their Muslim brethren in the lands of the Muslims.This resulted in many consequences and effects on the reality of our lives in all its political, economic, cultural, civilizational and social aspects.The research came under the title : The doctrinal buildings of atonement in Salafi thought and its impact on contemporary reality" The research plan was organized in an introductory, introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, which is based on its methodology on the historical approach in its first chapter, the inductive approach in chapter two, and the critical analytical approach in Chapter
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الخطاب السياسي في المنظور القراني : دراسة في المناصب الالهية والدنيوية == Political Discourse in The Qur'anic Perspective Study in The Divine And Mundane Positions

Author name: عبد الحسين جليل عبد الحسن
Supervisor name: مكي محي عيدان الكلابي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-Political-discourse-in-the-Quranic-perspective-Study-in-the-divine-and-mundane-positions.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The research titled "The Political Discourse in the Quranic Perspective : A Study in the Divine and Mundane Positions" is a statement of the most important of what can be done for these positions by gaining a political dimension rather than a religious one. However, these positions have the general title. And objective vision does not go away from modern concepts in the political sphere. The research shows that these positions have their political character when they occur in their own system, which is the Islamic system. It has its own system and organization in its own way, which reveals the independent system of Islam. On the other hand, the research reveals the universality of the Holy Quran in dealing with matters of life in its various aspects. It is a bookdealing with the Faculty of Rules and Signatures, Many of life, including economic, political and social, as well as the extension of the Koran Bravd detail through the prophecy, which was an explanation and detailed and thus the policy is from the perspective of the Koran and not foreign to him, and the purpose of what we refer to the summary of the words that positions are full of political implications.
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الفقه الجنائي في قضاء الامام علي (عليه السلام) واثره في بناء الدولة الاسلامية == The Criminal Jurisprudence In The Administration Of Justice Of Imam Ali ( Peace Be Upon Him ) And Its Effect On Establishing The Islamic Nation

Author name: وئام علي خميس
Supervisor name: ناهدة جليل عبد الحسن الغالبي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-The-criminal-jurisprudence-in-the-administration-of-justice-of-imam-Ali-peace-be-upon-him-and-its-effect-on-establishing-the-Islamic-nation-..pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Islamic jurisprudence is the basic organizing constitution to mankind's life on all scales without exception. It does not only tackle the legal decrees that organize the relationship of man and his Creator. Rather , it is wider than that. It includes man's relationship with other men and his with society as a whole. It is a complete Islamic method that can be applied everywhere at all times. The most important jurisprudential systems tackled by the Islamic law are those which maintain the individual's and society's rights against any violation on the self , honour ,body, money, etc. Jurisprudents called the science which studies these decrees as Islamic Criminal Jurisprudence. Imam Ali ( peace be upon him ) played a great part in establishing the landmarks of Islamic Criminal Jurisprudence He achieved that by stabilizing its foundations , defining its characteristics and completing its structure that had been founded by prophet Mohammed ( peace and prayers be upon him and his family ). Imam's contribution was not limited to the legislative side only. It surpassed to outstanding judicial one in applying these legal systems and rules on the issues which were offered to him that they fructified in spite of the short period of his reign. The commander of the faithful ( peace be upon him ) could stretch security and stability and keep the individual's rights away from misleading that these procedures did not harm or cause wrong to anyone because they rested on the legal decrees of fighting against crime. The result of those punishments was that the Islamic nation was blessed with security and tranquility in addition to the decreasing number of the accused and the punished in society. Besides , few adulterers were stoned and few thieves whose hands were cut That was the great impact of purity that limited prevalence of crime in a society vulnerable to corruption and deviation.
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احكام العنف الاسري في الفقه الامامي : دراسة مقارنة مع القانون == The Family Violence In Al Imami Jurisprudence - Comparative Study With Law

Author name: نور محمد جاسم
Supervisor name: بلاسم عزيز شبيب الزاملي | ميثم الشافعي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-The-family-violence-in-Al-imamijurisprudence_Comparative-Study-with.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
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احكام النفي والتهجير : دراسة في الاسباب والاثار والنتئج == The Provisions Of Exile And Displacement The Study Of The Causes And Effects And Results

Author name: بديعة غانم احمد الطائي
Supervisor name: حسين كاظم عزيز خوير
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-The-provisions-of-exile-and-displacementthe-study-of-the-causes-and-effects-and-results.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: That the issue of exile and displacement is an issue that is found in societies, and may be exacerbated in some societies to accompany injustice and injustice that prevails in the country that suffers from this issue, so our research was entitled (Exemptions and Displacement / Study of causes, effects and results.)It is clear that the Holy Street did not leave any issue to the coloration of its spectrum except by legislating it and ruled by virtue of the five provisions. Hence the question of exile and displacement was a rule. The importance of studying the legal and even legal provisions regarding exile and displacement was linked to issues The Muslim community, but the humanitarian community in general, bearing in mind that exile and displacement are social issues that have an important and significant impact on people's lives as well as social issues.Therefore, in my research, I presented an introduction, four chapters and a conclusionWhere the first chapter dealt with exile and displacement definitions and historical path and legitimacy, while the second chapter, has been devoted to mention the types of exile and displacement and their characteristics and objectives because of the importance of gradation to the next mabahith ,The third chapter discussed the reasons for exile, displacement and their effectsThe fourth chapter was entitled of the provisions of exile and displacement, the first section devoted to mention some of the provisions of exile, but the second section was devoted to mention some of the provisions of displacement, the chapters followed the conclusion of the research and a summary of its results.Among the most prominent findings in this research, exile and displacement lead to waste of human resources and neglect, which leads to the weakness and deterioration of scientific and research production in the countries of origin, compared to scientific and research production in the countries of the Diaspora, which means the loss of efforts and productive and scientific capabilities Of these minds, which pour into the arteries of Western countries, while the national development of such minds in theareas of economy, education, health, planning and scientific research in their countries of origin.
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التفسير التحليلي : دراسة في المناهج والاليات : سورة الطلاق انموذجا == Analytical Interpretation Study In Curriculum And Mechanics - Surah Divorce Model

Author name: مريم هادي رضا الجعيفري
Supervisor name: ناهدة جليل عبد الحسن الغالبي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences - Department Of Islamic Law And Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-Analytical-Interpretation-Study-in-Curriculum-and-Mechanics-Surah-Divorce-Model-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: After the study and research in the folds of interpretive codes and language books and codes of rhetoric and assets, grammar and science of the Koran and thank God first and last thanks to the Almighty was able to find a series of fruits that can be summarized as follows1 - The analytical interpretation is the scriptural route of the Qur'anic text, which is indispensable to any interpreter. Whoever wants to understand the words of God and his will from the Quranic verses must resort to him and follow his footsteps. He provides the interpreter with various means to perform his interpretive mission. Grammar, interpretation, grammar, fundamentals, readings, reasons of descent and others to show the meaning of God Almighty, so opens his mind and increases sailing in minutes minutes words of the Koran, and therefore the analytical interpretation is an important path to its comprehensiveness and validity and the results of interpretation.2 - The research shows that the first roots of analytical interpretation extend to the era of the descent of the Holy Quran and that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) and the people of his house infallibles (peace be upon them) are the leaders in it as they lead the way in this method of incorporation and food and use, Through the huge legacy that has come to us.3 - It turns out that the analytical interpretation is one of the methods of interpretation of the Koran; because it represents the method of the interpreter and his method of interpretation of the Koran, whether it is a specific part of the sura or a complete surah or the entire Koran, follows the interpreter verses and deals with the study of each word in the text and shows its special significance , And then linked in terms of composition and then linked in terms of Sura in general, and the analytical interpretation is an interpretive trend in the case that this approach represents the general nature of the interpreter or interpretation.4 - There is a close relationship between the method of analytical interpretation and other interpretative approaches; because of the overlap between them is a machine for each approach, which does not come out of the Koranic or mental or linguistic approach and others any explanatory result without analyzing the Koranic verses and get their interpretation, Analytical as well.5 - The analytical interpretation helps to highlight the overall goal of the picture, because it works to interpret it in multiple contexts and each context addresses a particular Qur'anic goal relating to the preceding and beyond goals within the single surah and as a result we get the goal of the whole basis.6 - Obtain the basic goal of the verses of the Koran, which urges the guidance of human beings, and this through an analytical interpretation and derives the interpreter from the reality of the Koran itself, whether analyzed by the verses of faith, law or morality.7 - The analytical interpretation helps to highlight the aesthetic of the Quranic text is a gradual text in its sections any verses, but they are linked with each other, return to the end of the purpose and the purpose of the divine one.., This is contrary to what the characters and skeptics claim to the Quranic text that the text is dismantled, This is not true. The analytical interpretation is the process of interpreting the verses of the Qur'anic text in detail to find out the significance of each part, then linking the wage earners with each other, proving that the Qur'anic text is only one system of knowledge that can not be divided because it finally ends up with one purpose and purpose. 8 - The analytical interpretation opens the mind of the recipient in the spaces of knowledge and transfers it from the limit to the limitless in the receiving process, and this process ranges from the knowledge of the intellectual dimension and the formative dimension to produce the communicative dimension which is the recipient's understanding of the text and its way of understanding.9 - Interpretation is an integral in the analysis, analytical interpretation does not stop this approach, when the interpretation is to depart from the apparent evidence to reach the meaning of the text, and that this departure from the apparent may sometimes occur in sedition or lead to safety, On the other hand, his goal is to reach Murad Allah. He will inevitably study the evidence of this interpretation and analyze it to determine its validity. Therefore, the analytical interpretation is related to the interpretation in that it is a path to the validity of the results of that interpretation.10 - Each interpretation has special mechanisms that do not depart from it. The mechanisms of analytical interpretation are many, such as the linguistic mechanisms. The interpretative analyst does not come out to reveal a particular text without using exchange, eloquence, grammar, etc., as well as the fundamental mechanisms through which he learns the meaning of jurisprudential rulings in terms of sanctity, And the mechanisms of science Quran is the important part in that the interpreter must recognize the reasons for the descent of the verse and the transcriber and copied and readings, etc., all these are the cornerstones of the analytical interpretation can not reveal the intention of God in the Sura only through them.11 - Most of the verses in Surat al - Talaq have legitimate rulings, such as divorce, alimony, alimony, housing, and others, so it is interpreted as an essential necessity, because it highlights the due, haraam, desirable, objectionable, permissive, and other matters.12 - Through the analytical interpretation we can know whether the provisions fixed or changing by tracking the verses and the separation of the nominal sentences from the actual and knowledge of the prevailing than others In the surah of divorce, we find the method of command many places indicate the obligatory and the nominal sentence presence in the Sura, which indicates stability because the provisions of divorce And its related obligations imposed on the absolute and absolute must be achieved and do not change, but fixed as in the necessity of kit and the need for maintenance and others.The most important recommendations recommended by the researcher in this study are : 1. We call on serious research writers to pay attention to and interest in the study of analytical interpretation, because it is the most common and most common method in the context of the explanatory statement of the Qur'anic text.2. We propose to study the verses of faith in the Qur'anic text by employing the method of analytical interpretation that if this approach is employed correctly and if it is put on its optimal path then it will be the best and the most effective method in the statement of the most obvious meaning, rather than the verses of faith. To solve many of the problems that are related to the verses of faith and their interpretation.3. We call for the use of the method of analytical interpretation within the scope of the study of explanatory criticism that the researcher has stood on a number of opinions is not good interpreters what is needed for critical reading and accurate and this task is only entitled to the method of interpretation of the analytical so I call for the use of interpretive criticism in general.4. We recommend the academic staff competent ministries of higher education and education as the subject of analytical interpretation material of the subjects of study which is a curriculum that makes students in the Islamic sciences, as well as the scientific and research institutions to take care of it and any explanation for being rooted roots of the people of the house (peace be upon them) Must be introduced and developed.5. In this study we recommend activating and supporting cadres who are competent to analyze God's word with the most accurate analysis, through their stay for Quranic sessions or educational courses that specialize in analytical interpretation. Their attention is particularly focused on the verses that encourage family cohesion. The phenomenon of divorce is common in our time.
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المنهج الفلسفي في تفسير القران الكريم صدر الدين الشيرازي انموذجا == The Philosophical Approach In Interpreting The Holy Quran Sadr Al - Din Shirazi (Model)

Author name: زمن حسين صالح
Supervisor name: رؤوف احمد محمد الشمري
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-The-philosophical-approach-in-interpreting-the-Holy-Quran-Sadr-al-Din-Shirazi-model.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Some of the main findings of the research : 1 - It is more correct to study philosophy and occupy it, but not to sing about it, and has been forbidden to the viewer, as well as used in the interpretation of the Holy Quran, which is forbidden to him especially the approach of interpretation by opinion and the difference between it and the philosophical approach is great, such as the difference between interpretation and evidence2 - The release of the Almohlain influenced some of the scientists applying to him, a positive impact, meaning that he did not start from scratch, but completed what they began, as well as influenced by some of the philosophers lagging behind him, without being imitated him 3 - The origin of the dependents relied on the interpretation of the integrated method of synthesis, mixing the interpretation of the Quran with the Koran and the proverb, language, mind and taste (reference method) supported by the evidence,which gave a special tone to the interpretation lacks many interpretations3 - The building of the foresight in the theory of knowledge depends on three pillars, namely transport (the Koran and the conversations of the infallible peace be upon him) and the mind and the revelation and witnesses supporting the evidence, and this building influenced the interpretation at the chest of the Almohain, led to the capacity in the tools used in the understanding of the Koran, To understand new meanings or use them in the consolidation of each other to install the desired4 - The Union of Reasonable and Reasonable or the World and the Knowledge is fixed in the evidence in the knowledge of acquisition The effect of this building in the interpretation of the mysteries led to the understanding of the Koranic verses in a new way and access to new meanings, which is sometimes used the rule of the Union of reason and intelligently understood, and sometimes said what accompanies And depends on them, without mentioning or declaring them 5 - The word of existence is a shared moral, the existence is inherent not the essence of the need for him in the verification, and achieve without it, and that the existence of one skeptical and Vahdithi eye of many, and the impact of this building in the interpretation of the Almohlin originality of the understanding that the verse (..., "He has nothing in the heavens and the earth,...") Surat al - Baqarah : 255, does not include the creation of acts or the creation of evil. You also understand from his unity that the meaning of the verse is : Surah Al - Baqarah : 256 6 - The fundamental movement in the sense of renewal and integration in substance, and fixed evidence - mental, mental - and there are those who preceded the Almohlin in reference to it, but he is the one who established proof and considered it, which is considered one of the most important philosophical buildings in its interpretation and influenced in his understanding of the Koranic verses The verse ((And came every soul with a driver and a martyr)) Surat Q : 21, that this driver is an internal mountaineer and the intrinsic 7 - The soul is the spirit in the term and used in this sense in the language and the Koran, and the soul is not abstract body or body, which is not body, and that the soul incident before the occurrence of the body and adopted the adoption of those who depend on this building in the interpretation of some verses towards the verse : ( (Taking your Lord from the sons of Adam from the appearance of their offspring...)) Al - Imran : 170, he said depending on the world of the atom, unlike many of the interpreters.movement, but an external driver8 - The reincarnation is the transfer of the soul from body to another body, which is void in all its parts, whether in this world or in the Hereafter, and the masquerade is not reincarnation because the transcription is without transmission from one body to another, used the chest of those who follow this building in the interpretation of the mouth in the mouth of the verses Al - Baqarah : 65, he went to this verse in fact and that this is not a reincarnation because it happened in one body 9 - The duty of friendliness is simple truth and not part of any - of the nuances and was able to release the Almtahin of this building in the understanding of some verses blessed Vnvy the possibility of seeing the Almighty, both in the world and the last and the first verses based on this building, as well as the first verses to demonstrate the appropriation depending On this building10 - The qualities of the Almighty, the same eye is not redundant, and this is the choice of the front, especially issued Almtahin, and he was able to employ this building in the understanding of the verses of the Koran, he went to the saying that : ((Say God is one)) absolute even includes The many qualities and qualities of the Almighty about himself and each one of the other eye 11 - The issuing of the divides divides the science of God to five degrees : (self - esteem, self care, pen, preserved panel, erasing proof, external images) and employed this building in some verses to prove that his own knowledge is the same knowledgeof others and it includes knowledge of the particles , But this division lacks proof so it can not be recognized nor used in understanding the verses12 - The return of the destitute mind, and death is not not but is the separation of the soul from the body, and the return in the re - the same body all parts, and will not be proportional to that world in terms of properties and qualities, that is, the physicalphysical re - The idealism is to use this building to understand the Qur'anic verses. The idealism in the verse : ((Creates like them)) on the difference in the characteristics of the body in the Hereafter for its properties in the world, as well asexplained the change of skins with images and preparations, That is, he changed the body only13 - The promulgation of the following says the embodiment of the work is the constant explicit verses and news and the author of the saying is not proved the need for the immortality of the great in the fire only if the act became a head queen so that it does not disappear or the disappearance of the fire comes out as well as in the intercession is fixed to the owners of major sins only if The verb is a strong queen, so that the slave is removed from the light of intercession and the ensuing recitation of the structure of this building in the understanding of some of the Quranic verses. He carried the vision to see their works on the face of it and proved the intercession to the great ones whose actions were not in the established14 - The fixed philosophical structures in the evidence have a very significant impact on the understanding of Quranic texts and can not be left in the practice of interpretive work, and its pilgrimage stems from the mind and the Sharia and has an impact on the understanding of Quranic texts. The Qur'an contains many verses that can not be interpreted without reference To the mental curriculum, especially some verses of the beliefs, and the exclusion, the philosophical approach of interpretation leads to a deficiency and failure to understand the meaning of some verses of the Koran
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اثر المباني الاصولية في تفسير ايات الاحكام : دراسة تحليلية == Impact Of Fundamentalist Buildings At Interpretation Of Verses Of Judgments Analytical Study

Author name: زهراء احمد علي
Supervisor name: ضرغام كريم كاظم الموسوي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Rp_-Impact-of-fundamentalist-buildings-At-Interpretation-of-verses-of-judgments-Analytical-study.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: In conclusion, we thank God first and foremost, and peace and blessings be upon the seal of his prophets Muhammad alMustafa and his pure family. We can not conclude the conclusion of this work except to mention some of the findings of the research results : 1. The research shows that the fundamentalist building is different from the fundamentalist rule, since the building is more specific and the base is more general, and then it is no surprise that the fundamentalist agreement in the rules and their differences in the buildings. 2. It can be said that one of the reasons for the difference in buildings is due to the nature of the Qur'anic text, the diversity of its subjects and the knowledge background of the jurist as well as the nodal guidance in that. 3. It has been shown that the fundamental building in the verbal assets has an impact on the interpretation and the statement of the expansion and narrowness and we observed that in fact the legitimacy and the common and the derivatives and derivative, for example in the verse : (... Vtabohm if you know them good... (()), That the good is either universal or the last one who took one of the concerned has narrowed the concept of the joint and said that the intended both have been expanded. 4. We saw in the first chapter the effect of the buildings in the relationship of change and switch to the rule as in the matter of command and prohibition as if the verse includes a substance or wording of the command and it is a phenomenon in the duty and then comes a presumption of its behavior to be desirable and then change the ruling from the pit to the confirmation of the meaning : I read the Qur'an and seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan. Whoever took the form of the formula said that it is necessary to seek refuge and to take away the originality of innocence, rather than ruling on the implication, and the same in forbidding. 5. As we noticed the effect of buildings in the study of prohibition actually, for example, that in the verse : (O you who believe if we pray to pray on Friday and seek to mention God and sell well that is better for you if you know (a formula forbidding adoption of the view that the prohibition of treatment It is necessary for corruption to lead to the corruption of selling when the call is made for Friday prayers. Whoever adopts the opinion that forbidding treatment does not require corruption, it is valid to sell. The effect of the building is clear here in changing the ruling. 6. As was usually the effect of fundamentalist buildings in the statement of judgment narrow and wide in the exclusive and restricted terms of the public and private and operative and the concept we find, for example, in the verse : (Whoever recites from you about his religion Vimet is an unbeliever and those who thwarted their actions in this world and the Hereafter and those owners of the fire are therein) To limit the frustration of the work of death has escaped from the circle of government and then the effect of rebound easier than the gold to nonrestriction, but to get frustrated by the bounce back, it has narrowed the circle of government and then the impact of the most difficult and dangerous, and near The one who does not have the right to fast is not ransom, and whoever adopts the impurity of the concept of description, he said : Those who can not afford to fast for the reasons mentioned above. Ransom and the effect of the building is clear here in the statement of the Islamic ruling.7. The mind at the front is neither a ruler nor a legislator, but it has the ability to realize the attachments between the Shari'a and its issues are reflected in more than one image, including the issue of antagonism and parts and the meeting of the matter and the prohibition and the introduction of duty and the significance of the prohibition on corruption because they are inherent to reach the legitimate rule. 8.The third chapter includes the study of the evidence of the shar'i (Qur'an, Sunnah and Consensus) without reason, since it is an individual with a separate chapter as it happened. Then the talk about the Holy Quran and then the applications of some verses of the book itself and for the year is changed. The consensus in front is not a stand - alone evidence in the Quran and Sunnah, but it is a manifestation of the Islamic ruling to enter infallibility in it. Enter infallibility within the compilers To be an argument other than the general scholars who had just a nation's agreement on a religious matter. 9. Among the differences of the scholars in the fundamentalist buildings that influenced the interpretation of the verses of the judgments are in the verses that include the original process (acquiescence, innocence and precautionary provision), for example in the asceticism, for example, in the verse : (And comes down from heaven water to purge you) The view that the authority to withdraw is as it is known is a lack of judgment, since the ruling is that the added water does not raise an event and does not remove slag. We find that the building of Mr. AlMurtada (Qadis) is not authentic, as it is transmitted. Extend governance to water portability Added to the disinfection. 10. As we found in the chapter on practical assets, the effect of the reasoning of the jurists in deducing the statement of the ruling in the study of the authenticity of the patent and when the interpretation of the verse : (000 and the people of the pilgrimage of the House of the able to find a way... We find that famous jurists benefited from the verse that the pilgrimage to every Muslim sane adult Who can deduce the originality of innocence, while Sheikh al - Saduq (al - Qadis) was famous for saying that Hajj should be performed on the one who is able to do so every year, and therefore he has extended the rule away from the authenticity of the innocence and the interpretation of it.
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حريم الطرق والمنازل والمزارع : دراسة مقارنة == Sanctity Of Roads, Houses And Farms Comparative Study

Author name: هناء علوان غالي محمد
Supervisor name: صبحي عودة محمد العادلي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Law
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The theme of the Sanctity of the important topics which address the rights of a person of his property and the inadmissibility of infringement of it, and dispose of it without his permission to harm him , So the Muslim faith put part of the ground track the ground Quickener to be Sanctity her in order not to exceed the one and Use of land without damage for , If the study included How surrounds the Islamic religion to matters of life even Most accurate, such as the subject for Sanctity much of novels listed on the Sunnah , It also addressed a statement limits and provisions of the Sanctity and the difference Jurists in those limits and provisions between Islamic sects. The study consists of an introduction and three chapters preceded the boot, which includes two demands , First Sanctity what he dealt with the definition of the Sanctity and legitimacy , The second matter of ownership Sanctity and revive it and Include idiosyncratic differences between the sects that Sanctity belongs to the owner of Amer Or is it people are entitled to it , The difference is also included Permissible revive Amer and near from him or not.. The first chapter Sanctity of the road on the first two sections of what Sanctity road alone and Include you know the way and concern of Islamic law and its variation in distance Sanctity road , The second topic Sanctity provisions of the road and the responsibility to ensure the damage It includes that the views of scholars in those provisions For example, taking out balcony to the Sanctity and the road construction and the responsibility for this act do you guarantee if it causes damage or not , In the second chapter Sanctity homes in which the first two topics Sanctity him home and deprived him of literary and talked about the definition of the house and sanctity him from having to seek permission before entering and the inadmissibility of espionage and includes provisions in it , The second topic provisions Sanctity house, which dealt with the provisions of grabbing Sanctity home and use , and that includes the doctrinal differences between the sects , But in the third quarter Sanctity farms It came on two sections first what Sanctity farm Sanctity distance Include farm definition and statement of the importance of agriculture and restoration disused land and stipulations for the revival of the farm and also idiosyncratic differences in the distance of Sanctity farm , The provisions of the second Sanctity farm included a talk about the rule of grabbing the farm and Use it and encroachment on the farm Sanctity , ending the message reached the conclusion to the most important results, as well as a list of sources that were used during studying. And then reached to several results of this study, the most important of maintaining the rights of others, and not the Permissible overtaking them, and in conclusion, I hope that this modest study may benefit the community and the Islamic library, and God conciliation and Praise be to Allah
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الفقه الاجتماعي : الشقاق الزوجي انموذجا == The Social Jurisprudence The Marital Dispute As An Example

Author name: حسام عبد حمادي الياسري
Supervisor name: بلاسم عزيز شبيب الزاملي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The attempt to read social discord Fiqh doubles a model make us stand in front of several of them Mstkhchin axes Results : 1. Blogging idiosyncratic since the beginning it was limited to individual Fiqh due to sectarian isolation by governments towards school Ahl al - Bayt is meant Balferdi here is linked to the acts charged as an individual not society and the state, because the mentioned provisions concerned with the relationship of the individual with his God such as prayer, fasting, and the relationship of the individual counterpart other as in transactions such as selling and leasing and others.2. The Islamic jurisprudence is a system of Muslim life is supposed to address all aspects and will leave no part of the fractions, but put touches them, whether worship services like the relationship of the individual with his God or Amaamlatyh as an organization of the individual's relationship with the other, or a social as an organization relationship of the individual to society or economic as an organization relationship of the individual, society and state wealth the money or political organization in the process relationship of the individual to the State or an international Islamic state as an organization other relationship with the contemporary developments.3. The sources of social Fiqh no different from the sources of individual Fiqh namely the Quran and Sunnah and the consensus and the mind, but there is another necessity draws them note the time and place through which a new legal judgment depending on the change - induced subject thereto new addresses to designate the direction of Fiqh movement and lift - off tools from the circle of people's needs away from matters of doctrine hypothesis NOTE social understanding of the text, which begins when the ends of the understanding of the meaning of linguistic and contextual is the understanding of the text in the light of the fulcrum in which individuals participate as a result of general and unified taste experience, as well as custom which is one of the most important tools that help the jurist in the diagnosis of topics so we see a lot of martial themes in Faqih matters referred to the custom in their understanding.4. The emergence of novel issues with openness actually should get out of the stagnation region starting with life to keep up in the movement and its evolution, considering that the goal of the law is to regulate people's lives and make provisions dealing with reality appeared provisions contrary to the legacy of idiosyncratic Kalaankar and resources of Zakat, acquisition, ownership and other with reference to the tools cognitive and reading religious text in a closer.5. Most of the cases of disobedience due to many reasons, some of which have weak religious Allowaaz some of which are due to inherited social and tribal ones are healthy, cultural and others.6. The State Security and the community of family security. If the family cracked and disintegrated persistent or divorce, which is one of the results of discord conflict, there will be disastrous effects on children and families, but on society as a whole as well as the economic and productive side.7. The disobedience is overtaking on the right of others, whether the husband or the wife and the husband's rights is the right obedience of empowerment and cohabitation has been shown through the presentation of views and discussed the empowerment Homty the pair of them wanted the non - inhibitor legitimate and embarrassment, and the cohabitation is linked to the former was unlike individual outlook argument against women go out to work or for others, but it is an effective element of society and is entitled to engage in most areas of life.8. The reform of the disobedient wife should take into account the sequence mentioned in the verse recalcitrance wife of preaching ways and then abandonment and then beating that does not bleed and leaves no trace.9. The rights of the wife is the financial rights Kalmhr spending and human cohabitation called social rights and the right approach, which turned out otherwise individual perception view that extent approach four months, the increased became forsook and affirmed by the evidence and the statements of the scholars that the right approach to women as the right man in terms of the verse : ? and they like to Palmarov.10. If Ncz man leaves women's rights by taking into account any ideals that have prevented him from his right and intercourse, the benefit did not raise its mind the legitimate ruler has to divorce her husband without permission.11. The discord is disliked parties and resolves in three ways through an educational and moral does not work, the social road, which ruled from his family and from her family, the ruling does not work, road authoritarian and judicial
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التفسير العقلي عند الامامية ونماذج من تطبيقاته == Mental Interpretation Of The Front And Models Of Its Applications

Author name: ولاء عبد الكريم عبد الكاظم عبد ياسر
Supervisor name: حسين كاظم عزيز خوير
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The Koran Constitution heavenly God Almighty revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (p), Arab spokesman to save people from ignorance and confusion Zillah, but out of the darkness into the light, and truth and falsehood loss.However, Aikl them understand some of the verses of the Holy Book Although they were speaking classical Arabic, they saw them interpret each other, so Vaanegwa to those who raise them this question? And lack of understanding have endured the Prophet (s) responsible for interpreting and clarifying the purposes of the Quranic verses, As is the interpreter of the first of the Koran and then ordered him to the Almighty, Vonzah them what was difficult for them to understand, and it turns out to them to be, and this approach marched Imams (AS) and their friends after him (r) Muslims and scholars from later in the interpretation of the Holy Quran, and began to show a variety of approaches of interpretation, which is divided into transport mental curriculum, curriculum and each own image,They agreed that it is permissible for transport curriculum. It follow any kind of curriculum Nukaly Vtvsarh this is acceptable, but they differed in mental curriculum and here broken up into two parts, the department supports the work may be the mental approach of both types discretionary and Borhani and refuses to work interpretation opinion. The other division, it refuses flatly to work as a mental approach have Kaltvsar opinion, which came forbidding him in novels, and this was the reason for forbidding the difference quotient. But the severity of the researcher attached to the Holy Quran that sparked interest in research in any knowledge of the sciences and the noble grace of God, this simple search service provided to the religion and the benefit to the community. One of the reasons were behind the choice of this title is to raise the winning label formats on the launch of this approach Sometimes called the interpretation Rai and at other times of mental interpretation judgmental and sometimes a third called mental interpretation Burhan.As well as to indicate the extent of the legality of this approach, citing the reason and then highlighting the mental interpretation tools applications that are used during application and through the verses of the Koran, and end the mission and that Trjawa researcher clarified is that the front had adopted this approach very much in the books of Interpretation of the scientific level of decent and acceptable among the scholars and they did not behave in the way that leads them to the suspicions unacceptable and fancies probably does not sing because of something right. It can be summarized as stated in the chapters and sections of this letter as follows : - What is meant by the mind in this research divine talent that distinguish them from all other human creatures who can do the ability to differentiate while is good and ugly, useful and harmful.Shall mind an important place in the Koran and clear the importance that some verses in which the need for the use of reason came to get to many facts, including the knowledge of the principle of existence, and others of the verses came rebuke and disparagement those wire through mimicry without consideration, examination and this is clear evidence that he cannot dispensing mind in interpreting the Koran as the only way to know God, so discouraged verses for disabled duties and functions. - The relationship between God and His servants based on mental clarity in doctrine and law, because of the functions of the mind prove Kaltouhad tenets of the religion, justice and prophecy and the Imamate and recycled in addition to other functions.Shall novels contained all the Imams (AS) shows where they (p) followed the way mental approach to the interpretation of some verses, especially verses beliefs. - To consider the history of doctrine front since the start of the Islamic Dawa unclear to this day they used method of reasoning in answering many of the questions in all scientific fields, particularly the Islamic sciences. - The mental approach in the interpretation of the curriculum and accepted the award, citing the reason and there is no way to deny its authority because the verdict reached by the mind is like an apostle, a mystical argument as demonstrated previously. - Called on the mental interpretation of three labels as follows : A - interpretation of the opinion and is intended to interpret the Koran according fancies and personal opinions as the interpreter to download his opinion on the Koran and this interpretation came forbidding him in the novels of a blameworthy interpreted the Koran as it held the seat of the fire.B - mental discretionary interpretation and is intended to be the interpreter to interpret the Koran to take advantage of the clues for transport, mental, and this approach is the most common interpretation.C - mental interpretation Burhani means interpretation of the Koran mental evidence and clues peremptory protected from the scourge of chicanery and illusion away from the suspicions and goals that lead to the deviation from the desired goal.Shall most of the books of interpretation at the front doctrine pursued a method of mental discretionary interpretation and scientific level Burhani decent and acceptable during the process of interpretation of the Koran.Shall issue improvement and Altaqbih made it clear that the mind the ability to realize some good deeds and ugliness of others and the wisdom of this agree the ruling and mental Palmlazemh.Shall explanatory applications in the mental approach both divisional theoretical and practical specializes in verses with threads of knowledge, and ideological, ethical, social, and either money can be mind - interpreted verses that relate to matters of metaphysics it is particularly the knowledge of God as the spirit and life isthmi and so on.
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الاسس المنهجية في دراسة احاديث الاحكام : كتاب الحبل المتين انموذجا == Foundations Methodology In The Study Of Conversations Sentences Book Solid Cord A Model

Author name: منى ياس خضيـر
Supervisor name: حسين سامي عبد الصاحب شير علي
General topic: Islamic Sciences
Specific topic: Islamic Sciences
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Islamic Sciences
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Rp-Foundations-methodology-in-the-study-of-conversations.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to God first and foremost and outwardly and inwardly and bless our Prophet Muhammad, The God of the good and virtuous, we ask God Almighty in the finale to make the move an act of will and to accept that our kindness and generosity he Jawad Karim, and I would like to place on record the conclusion of the art.1.it was a little number of conversations (novels) contained in each door, and he does not mention the bond in full, depending on the original sources of the four books, etc. It is worth pointing index, Valachtsar was the Ultimate version Scientific of his time. 2.that the foundations on which the statement adopted in the values of the novel says Hadith Qudsi, sender, it is true, is weak, acceptable, considerable, ie, he made Faqih contriver calendar summary description of the ideal modern Alroayati each used it in his book. 3.he was criticize the grounds and says the work Mates speech weak bond and left the interview considerable Sindh shows modern and weakens the grounds and discussed the work of Palmshahur Jaber weakness of the bond, and work with talk - Hassan subject to the rule of tolerance in evidence Sunan, and that he was likely, evidence says that this talk is not fit to oppose such the modern right, which means that he gave us a description of what calendar can be punished for it every conversation and the road is considerable.4.Sheikh Baha'i took care of the opposition messengers Palmsanid Proof of this acceptance messengers Ibn Abi Amir, which declined to be considered by many scholars to weakness mainly messengers in the sentence. 5.and which distinguishes the approach of Sheikh Baha'i acceptance Balamadmrat absolute evidence that before the novel son Mhazeear the inference which is not who degree Zaraarah bin eyes and Muhammad ibn Muslim and others who have not only narrate from infallible peace be upon him, a view that is preponderant among many scientists who have chosen to detail 6.that he was keen to Alaltzm division quadruple to talk in terms of (true, al - Hassan, a binder, weak), and he described some of the novels as novels - decision - making, one of the three types of the year : anecdotal and actual and normative, which is rare in the newborn Islamic heritage in particular. 7.that many of the terms of jurisprudence in conversations sentences clearer and aim to raise confusion or subscribe or ambiguity from each other, and between the linguistic meaning, and use the compensation verbal in a statement the word, and it is causing or analyzes some of the texts, it was his book or his approach educational pedagogy useful for all classes. 8.it often originates opinion doctrinal inferred from an newly provisions with some old friends often reinforces this view other novels of the same character. 9.he used the fundamentalist terminology Between that benefit operative Metn otherwise, and the word that there is a special significance on the whole, absolute and carry on unrestrained, Alastsahab, fundamentalism and other buildings used by the book.
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دراسة تاثير التغطية بالبولي اثلين واليوريا كعامل استحثاث مقاومة في امراضية بعض عزلات الفطر Alternaria alternata وتشخيصها جزيئيا == Studying the effect of Polyethelene coverage and urea as an induction factor of resistance in pathogenicity of some isolates of Alternaria alternata and partially diagnosed

Author name: مريم حسين جفات
Supervisor name: بان طه محمد | رجاء غازي الجنابي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تاثير مستخلصات مخلفات نبات التبغ Nicotiana tabacum L. في بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لعثة التمور الافستيا Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) == Effect leaves remnants of tobacco plant Nicotiona tabacum L. on some biological aspects of performance dates moth Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

Author name: زهراء محمد علي عبود كهو
Supervisor name: هادي مزعل خضير الربيعي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Effect-leaves-remnants-of-tobacco-plant-Nicotiona-tabacum-L.-on-some-biological-aspects-of-performance-dates-moth-Ephestia-cautella-Walker-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسات حقلية ومختبريه عن حشرة حفار عذوق النخيل Coleoptera : Scarabeidae Prell Oryctes elegans في بعض مناطق محافظة كربلاء المقدسة == Field and laboratory studies on the date fruit stalk borer Oryctes elegans Prell) Coleoptera : Scarabeidae) in some area of Karbala

Author name: عذراء عقيل هادي الكريطي
Supervisor name: ناصر عبد الصاحب الجمالي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Field-and-laboratory-studies-on-the-date-fruit-stalk-borer-Oryctes-elegans-Prell-Coleoptera-Scarabeidae-in-some-area-of-Karbala-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تاثير مستخلصات بذور نبات الحلبة Trigonella foenum - granecum في السيطرة على حشرة خنفساء الدقيق الصدئية الحمراء Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) == The effect of the seeds of fenugreek extracts Trigonella foenum - granecum control of insect rust - red beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae)

Author name: اشواق حسام ابراهيم السامرائي
Supervisor name: كريم حميد رشيد | سعدي محمد هلال
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة تصنيفية لاجزاء فم اجناس عائلة النحل قاطعات الاوراق Leaf Cutting Bees (Megachilidae : Hymenoptera) في بعض مناطق العراق == Taxonomical Study of the Mouthparts of Genera of the Family Leaf cutting bees Megachilidae : Hymenoptera in some areas of Iraq.

Author name: منار احمد عباس كاظم
Supervisor name: علي شعلان معيلف الاعرجي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Taxonomical-Study-of-the-Mouthparts-of-Genera-of-the-Family-Leaf-cutting-bees-Megachilidae-Hymenoptera.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

التاثير الاحيائي لسلالتين من البكتريا Bacillus Thuringensis ومنظم النمو Applaud ومبيد Abte في السيطرة على بعوض Culex Molestus Forskal (Diptera : Culicidae في محافظة كربلاء

Author name: نورس كتاب فضيل الحسناوي
Supervisor name: عايد نعمة عويد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Bioeffect-of-two-strains-of-Bacillus-thuringensis-and-growth-regulator-Applaud-and-pesticide-Abte-to.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

المقاومة المتكاملة للفطرين A.Parasiticus وa.Niger المنتجة للسموم الفطرية والملوثة لثمار التفاح والكمثري

Author name: ذو الفقار عبد الستار جبار الساعدي
Supervisor name: سامي عبد الرضا علي الجميلي | رجاء غازي الجنابي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Specific topic: Plant - Prevention
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Agriculture - Department Of Plant Protection
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Integrated-Control-of-Fungi-A.niger-and-A.parasiticus-producing-mycotoxins-and-contaminated-apples-and-pears.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تقييم المخاطر الاشعاعية الناتجة من النشاط الاشعاعي الطبيعي لعينات منتخبة من تربة مدينة كربلاء == Assessment of the Radiological risk due Natural Radioactivity in Selected Soil Samples for Kerbala City

Author name: احمد نعمة حمود
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الحسين الكعبي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تاثير التطعيم (MgO) علي الخصائص التركيبية والبصرية لاغشية SnO2 المحضرة بتقنية الترسيب بالليزر النبضي == Effect of MgO doping on structural and optical properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Author name: بتول جبار عبيد
Supervisor name: ماجد حسين دويج | كاظم عبد الواحد عادم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة التركيب النووي لنظائر 184-194Os (الزوجية- الزوجية) باستخدام انموذج البوزونات المتفاعل الاول (IBM-1) == Nuclear Structure Study of Even-Even 184-194Os Isotopes Using IBM-1

Author name: يسرى عبد الحسن كاظم
Supervisor name: نورس محمد شهيد الدهان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
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دراسة الخواص البصرية اللاخطية لطبقة رقيقة من البوليمر المطعم بالصبغة الليزرية R6G == A Study of Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polymer Thin Film Doped by Laser Dyes-R6G

Author name: حوراء حمزة الغانمي
Supervisor name: خولة جميل طاهر
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

خواص المستويات ذات التناظر السالب وبعض الانتقالات الكهرومغناطيسية لنظائر البلاتينيوم الزوجية ـ فردية == Negative Parity States And Some Electromagnetic Transition Properties Of Even - Odd Platinum Isotopes

Author name: هدى هاشم قاسم
Supervisor name: فاضل اسماعيل شراد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
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دراسة تاثير فتحة الادخال ومقدار اللاتكور للتلسكوب الكاسكريني == STUDY THE EFFECT OF THE APERTURE AND CONIC FOR CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPES

Author name: مروة جواد حزام الجبوري
Supervisor name: رجاء عبد الامير مدلول العبيدي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

عوامل التشكل الطولية للاستطارة الالكترونية لنوى 54,56Fe & 58,60Ni مع ادخال تاثير استقطاب القلب == Longitudinal Electron Scattering Form Factors For 54,56Fe & 58,60Ni Nuclei With Core Polarization Effect

Author name: دعاء رحيم كاظم
Supervisor name: عدي داود سلمان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

انموذج رياضي لدراسة كفاءة المرسب الالكتروستاتيكي لمعمل سمنت بابل == Mathematical Model For Studying The Wire - Duct Electrostatic Precipitator Efficiency Of Babylon Cement Plant

Author name: انعام عبد حمود
Supervisor name: فاضل خدام فليفل
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة التركيب النووي لاطياف المستويات الواطئة لنظائر 158-172Er باستخدام IBM-1 == Nuclear Structure Study For Low - Lying Spectra Of 158 - 172Er In IBM - 1

Author name: دعاء علي شمران حسناوي
Supervisor name: عامر عبد الامير محمد علي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة بعض الدلائل والمتغيرات الكيمياحيوية لمرضى سرطان البروستات المنتشر الى العظم == Study Of Some Biochemical Markers And Biochemical Variables In Prostate Cancer Patients With Advanced Bone Metastasis

Author name: عزيز حسين جاسم
Supervisor name: نرجس هادي منصور السعدي | نزار جبار متعب
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Study-of-Some-Biochemical-Markers-and-Biochemical-Variables-in-Prostate-Cancer-Patients-with-Advanced-Bone-Metastasis.pdf.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير ووصف وتطبيق اوكسيد الخارصين لمعالجة صبغة المثيل الاخضر == Preparation, Characterization and Application of Zinc Oxide for Treatment of Methyl Green Dye

Author name: اعتماد صالح فاضل الحسناوي
Supervisor name: لمى مجيد احمد
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Preparation-Characterization-and-Application-of-Zinc-Oxide-for-Treatment-of-Methyl-Green-Dye.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير تترازولات ثنائية التعويض في الموقعين 5،1 ودراسة فعاليتها ضد البكتريا == Synthesis of 1,5 - Disubstituted Tetrazoles and Study of Their Antibacterial Activity

Author name: نور الهدى محمد عبد الحسين الرماحي
Supervisor name: زيد حسن عبود الاعرجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Synthesis-of-15-Disubstituted-Tetrazoles-and-Study-of-Their-Antibacterial-Activity.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص معقدات مختلطة الليكاند لايونات [Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II] لقواعد شف والحامضين الامينين Glycine او L - Alanine == Synthesis and characterization mixed Ligand complexes Ni(II),Co(II) and Cu(II) ions of Schiff base and amino acids (Glycine or L - Alanin)

Author name: سارة عبد الحسين ثجيل الفهدي
Supervisor name: حيدر حميد محسن الحميداوي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص سلسلتين جديدتين من مشتقات 1و3 - اوكسازبين - 4و7 - دايون الحاوية على مجموعة الازو ووحدة 1و3و4 - ثايادازول وتقييم اولي لفعاليتهما ضد البكتريا == Synthesis and Identification of two new series of 1,3 - oxazepine - 4,7 - dione derivatives containing azo group and 1,3,4 - thiadiazole moiety and preliminary evaluation of their antibacterial activity

Author name: مرتضى محمد حسين السعدي
Supervisor name: زيد حسن عبود الاعرجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات ذات تهجين نانوي ودراسة حركية السيطرة على تحررمنظم النمو اندول حامض البيوترك من بين طبقات الخارصين/المنيوم ثنائية الهيدروكسيد == Synthesis and Characterization of Nano hybrid Compounds and Kinetic Controlled Release Study for regulater growth Andole Butyric Acid From Zinc/Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide

Author name: زينب عبد الامير حسين
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي حداوي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Synthesis-and-Characterization-of-Nano-hybrid-Compounds-and-Kinetic-Controlled-Release-Study-for-regulater-growth-Andole-Butyric-Acid-From-ZincAluminum-Layered-Double-Hydroxide.pdf.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضيروتشخيص وفحص الفعالية المضادة للبكتريا لمشتقات - 3,2,1 ترايازول المستندة على D - فركتوز باستخدام النحاس (I) كعامل مساعد == Synthesis Characterization And Antibacterial Study Of 1,2,3 - Triazole Derivatives Of D - Fructopyranose Via Copper (I) As Catalyst

Author name: جلال حسن محمد الشيخ علي ابو طحين
Supervisor name: عدنان ابراهيم محمد | نرجس هادي منصور
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
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دراسة الاكسدة الفوقية للدهون ومضادات الاكسدة وبعض العناصر عند مرضى سرطان القولون == Study Of Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidants And Some Elements Status In Patients With Colon Cancer

Author name: زهراء حسن علي السعدي
Supervisor name: نرجس هادي منصور السعدي | مؤید كاظم النقیب
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Biochemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة جديدة حول استخلاص سائل - سائل لايون الكوبلت الثنائي باستخدام كاشفي الازو الجديدين 2 - [(4 - مثيل فنيل) ازو] - 5,4 - ثنائي فنيل اميدازول == A New Study of liquid - liquid Extraction of Cobalt (??) By Using New Two Azo Reagents 2 - [(4 - methyl phenyl)azo] - 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole and 2 - [(2,6 - di methyl phenyl )azo] - 4,5 - di phenyl imidazole

Author name: هشام فاضل هاشم
Supervisor name: علاء فراك حسين
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-A-New-Study-of-liquid-liquid-Extraction-of-Cobalt-%D0%86%D0%86-By-Using-New-Two-Azo-Reagents.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير ليكاندات حلقة كبيرة من نوع N2S2 ومعقداتها الفلزية الجديدة مع دراسة بعض الخصائص الثرموديناميكية للمعقدات == Synthesis new macrocyclic ligands type N2S2 and their metal complexes and studying thermodynamic properties of complexes

Author name: شذى عبد الامير جواد كاظم الياس
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي حداوي | عاشور حمود داود
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Synthesis-new-macrocyclic-ligands-type-N2S2-and-their-metal-complexes-and-studying-thermodynamic-properties-of-complexes-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

ازالة صبغات الازور باستخدام صخور البورسلينات العراقية وشكلها المحور(متعدد البورسلينات - ميلامين - فورمالديهايد) == Removal Of Azure Dyes Using Iraqi Porcelanite Rocks And Novel PMF Polymer

Author name: رسل عزيز جعفر الميالي
Supervisor name: ايمان طالب كريم
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Removal-of-Azure-Dyes-Using-Iraqi-Porcelanite-Rocks-and-Novel-PMF-Polymer-3.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تكوين المزدوجات الايونية لاملاح رباعي الكيل امونيوم بروميد في امزجة هيدروكسي بروبيل مثيل سيليلوز - ماء في درجات حرارية مختلفة == Ion - Pair Formation Of Tetraalkylammonium Bromide In Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose - Water Mixtures At Different Temperatures

Author name: حميد رضا عبد
Supervisor name: حميدة عيدان سلمان
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Ion-pair-Formation-of-Tetraalkylammonium-Bromide-in-Hydroxy-Propyl-methyl-Cellulose-Water-Mixtures-at-Different-Temperatures.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص المشتق (2 - (4 ميثوكسي فنيل) ازو (5,4 - ثنائي فنيل اميدازول) واستخدامه في التقدير الطيفي لايوني النحاس (II) والفضة (I) وتطبيقاته التحليلية == Preparation and Identification of (2 - (4 - methoxyphenyl)azo(4,5 - diphenyl imidazole )) and use it for spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) and silver(I) and its analytical applications

Author name: نور محمود مهدي
Supervisor name: علاء فراك حسين
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Preparation-and-Identification-of-2-4-methoxyphenyl-azo45-diphenylimidazole-and-use-it-for-spectrophotometric-determination-of-copper...pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

حسابات ميكانيك الكم لبعض مركبات النايترون باستخدام نظرية دالة الكثافة (DFT, B3LYP/6 - 31G)

Author name: نداء عبد الامير جاسم
Supervisor name: جعفر حسين علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص محفزات غير متجانسة من قشور الرز وقواعد شف واستخدامها في تفاعل تحلل السليلوز الى الكلوكوز == Synthesis And Identification Of Heterogeneous Catalysts From Rice Husk As Schiff Base And It'S Application On The Hydrolysis Of Cellulose To Glucose

Author name: موسى جعفر موسى الغالبي
Supervisor name: حيدر حميد محسن الحميداوي | قاسم محمد حلو المحموداوي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Synthesis-and-Identification-of-Heterogeneous-Catalysts-from-Rice-Husk-as-Schiff-Base-and-Its-Application-on-the-Hydrolysis-of-Cellulose-to-Glucos.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة نظرية للخصائص التركيبية لمشتقات ومعوضات الثايوفين باستعمال الحسابات الشبه التجريبية

Author name: منال عبد محمد طوفان الجابري
Supervisor name: جعفر حسين علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير وتشخيص مركبات النيكل/المنيوم النانوية الهجينة مع حامض الفوليك واقتراح معادلات لتحليل انتشار الحامض بين التجمعات الجزيئية == Preparation And Characterization Of Ni/Al Nanohybrid With Folic Acid And Suggestion Equations To Evaluate The Diffusion Of The Active Agent

Author name: محمد عدنان مزعل
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي حداوي | عباس مطرود باشي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Preparation-and-Characterization-of-NiAl-Nanohybrid-with-Folic-Acid-and-Suggestion-Equations-to-Evaluate-the-Diffusion-of-the-Active.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

ثحضير وفحص الفعالية المضادة للبكجريا لمشجقات ثنائي - كلوكوز باسجعمال النحاس - D - 3,2,1 ثرايازول المسجندة على كعامل مساعد == Copper (I) Catalyzed Synthesis And Antibacterial Activity Of Bis - 1,2,3 - Triazole Derivatives Based On D - Glucose

Author name: لمياء صالح مهدي
Supervisor name: عدنان ابراهيم محمد | نرجس هادي منصور
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Copper-I-Catalyzed-Synthesis-and-Antibacterial-Activity-of-Bis-123-Triazole-Derivatives-Based-on-D-Glucose.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير بعض مشتقات الماليئيمايد الجديدة وبوليمرات حاوية على حلقات الترايزول والثايادايازول == Synthesis of Some New Maleimide Derivatives and Polymers Contained Triazole and Thiadiazole Rings

Author name: فاطمة صاحب عبد
Supervisor name: احمد شهاب حمد الجنابي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Synthesis-of-Some-New-Maleimide-Derivatives-and-Polymers-Contained-Triazole-and-Thiadiazole-Rings.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير بعض الالدونايترونات الجديدة الحاوية على مجموعة الازو وتقييم اولي لفعاليتها ضد البكتريا == Synthesis Of Some New Azoaldonitrones And Preliminary Evaluation Of Their Antibacterial Activity

Author name: عمار عبد الحسين عواد عبد
Supervisor name: زيد حسن عبود الاعرجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
University location: Karbala
First pages:

تحضير ودراسة الفعالية البايلوجية لمشتقات 1،3 - اوكسازبين - 4،7 - دايون == Synthesis And Studies Of Biological Activity Of - 1,3 - Oxazepine - 4,7 - Dione Derivitives

Author name: سوسن خضير عباس
Supervisor name: زيد حسن عبود الاعرجي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Synthesis-and-studies-of-biological-activity-of-13-oxazepine-47-dione-derivitives-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

ليكاندات شف جديدة نوع N2O2 وN4 مع معقداتها لبعض الايونات الفلزية تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة امكانية تقدير هذه العناصر طيفيا == New Schiff ligands type N2O2 , N4 and their complexes with some metal ions synthesis , characterization and Study of the ability in spectral determination of these ions

Author name: سهاد كريم عباس
Supervisor name: علاء فراك حسين | عاشور حمود داود
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة حركية عقار الرايفامبسين من بين طبقات مغنيسيوم/ المنيوم الثنائية الهيدروكسيد == The study of kinetic of Rifampicin drug from Magnesium/ Aluminum layered double hydroxide

Author name: سلام حسين عبد الله
Supervisor name: صالح مهدي حداوي | عباس مطرود باشي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-The-study-of-kinetic-of-Rifampicin-drug-from-Magnesium-Aluminum-layered-double-hydroxide.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

Synthesis And Characterization Of Some Transition Metal Complexes Via Schiff Bases Derived From Dithiooxamide And Selective Aldehydes

Author name: رواء عبد الخالق الموسوي
Supervisor name: حيدر حميد محسن الحميداوي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: English
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Synthesis-and-Characterization-of-some-Transition-Metal-Complexes-via-Schiff-Bases-Derived-from-Dithiooxamide-and-Selective-Aldehydes.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:

التقدير الطيفي لعقار مثيل دوبا في مستحضراته الصيدلانية باستخدام تفاعلات الاكسدة والازدواج العضوي == Spectrophotometric determination of methyldopa drug in pharmaceutical preparation via oxidative coupling organic reaction

Author name: رشوان فاضل عبيد الموسوي
Supervisor name: منير عبد العالي عباس الدعمي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

دراسة تاثير الشحنات الموجبة (+1 ,+2) والسالبة ( - 1 , - 2) على الشكل الهندسي والاطياف الاهتزازية لايزومرات البروموفولفين باسلوب نظرية دالية الكثافة DFT == Study the Effect of the Positive (+1,+2) and Negative ( - 1, - 2) Charges on the Geometry and Vibrational Spectra of Bromofulvene Isomers with DFT model

Author name: خلود عبيد كزار
Supervisor name: جعفر حسين علي
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Quantum Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Science - Chemistry Department
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Study-the-Effect-of-the-Positive-12-and-Negative-1-2-Charges-on-the-Geometry-and-Vibrational-Spectra-of-Bromofulvene-Isomers-with-DFT-mo.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
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