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المفارقة في رباعية الخسوف لابراهيم الكوني == Lrony In Roubaiat AL toIbraheem Al Kawny

Author name: نور كريم عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: محسن تركي عطية الزبيدي
General topic: Arabic Language and Literature
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Arabic Language
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

النفايات الطبية واثارها البيئية في مدينة كربلاء

Author name: حيدر محمد مجيد حسين الحسيني
Supervisor name: دياري صالح مجيد الشوهاني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Applied Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Medical-Waste-and-its-Effect-in-Karbala-City.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study was to identify the medical waste in general and to know the nature of their geographical distribution in Karbala city in addition to emphasizing on the gravity and effects of the medical and environmental waste.The most important findings of study are that The health institutions in Karbala city suffer from poor management of medical waste because they do not follow what came out by the world health organization of the proper steps management. There is a mix between normal and dangerous medical waste which leads for increasing of the quantity of dangerous waste and the use of non - efficient ways for processing them including is the burning of medical incinerators in addition to the lack of special medical waste landfill . The weights of medical waste was studies in (27) health institutions including (6) hospitals , (16) health center,(3) specialized centers, one main lab and a major one blood bank. The government and civil hospitals are considered to be the biggest sources for producing the medical waste which has overtaken on the other health institution, in hospitals the medical waste reached (172.581kg) in 2014, in the rate of (92.20%) of the total medical waste rations studied by the health institution. The total waste of other health institution is (14.397kg) per (7.6%), which means that there is a huge difference between the hospitals and other health institutions. This belong is to the capacity of the hospitals and the variety of their specialties.The weights of producing medical waste may differ from one city sector to another (al - haidariya, The old city, Al - jazeera), that is led to the appearance of three regions for distribution the density of medical waste. The first is the region of high - density which appears in al - haidariya sector in the rate of (93%) of the medical waste , the second is region of medium - density that appears in old city sector in the rate of (5.6%), while the third one is the low - density region which showed in Al - Gazeera sector in the rate of (1.4%). Concerning the disparity of time for medical waste that was confined its study on hospitals , there is a difference in the production rates of medical waste between the years 2010 and 2014 AD. In 2010 the average reached to (148.786kg), whereas in 2014 reached to (122.581kg) .The most obvious human and natural factors which contributes to the appearance of regions of medical waste were climate , the distribution numbers and the verity diseases types of populations. However there is a strong direct correlation between the numbers of sick people with verity diseases who visit the hospital and the medical waste for all medicalinstitutions in AL - Haidariyah sector. The correlation factor in this sector is (0.984**) , while the old city sector came with (0.984*), and in AL - Jazeera sector the correlation factor was (0,787). The correlation rate between climate diseases and the medical waste in old city sector was direct in the rate of (0,277), whereas there was a reverse correlation in AL - Haidariyah sector with(0.365_). In AL - Jazeera sector a strong direct correlation reached to (0.6320). The visual pollution is most prominent effect of medical waste that appeared in the area of the study which results frome throwing the medical waste without treatment, as well as incidences of diseases, hepatitis, and respiratory diseases, etc., furthermore there is the pollution of soil of health institutions and water wells near imbedding site with coliform bacteria the pathogens , increasing the rates for the most of chemical elements in it and in wastewater especially sodium, chlorides, nickel and cadmium, rising the rates of gas emission, the high rates of gas emissions and heavy metals from medical incinerators and landfill site, particularly CO and NO2 gases, lead, copper, nickel and zinc from heavy elements in addition to lingering dust.

دور العوامل الجغرافية في زراعة اشجار الفاكهة في ناحية الحسينية - محافظة كربلاء == The Role of geographical factors in the cultiration of fruit trees in husseiniya / karbala Govermorate hard

Author name: اشواق عبد الكاظم ارحيم علي الكناني
Supervisor name: رياض محمد علي عودة المسعودي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Applied Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Role-of-geographical-factors-in-the-cultiration-of-fruit-trees-in-husseiniya-karbala-Govermorate-hard-.pdf.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study aim at investigating the role of geographical factors (physical - human - and environmental)in the culture and production of orchard crops in the land on Al - Husseiniya.The researcher relied on the premise that the geographical factors have a great role in the decline of the production of orchard crops in the area of study .in addition to the impact of environment factors on the deterioration of agriculture of orchard crops.The physical factors have been studied : they include (location .geological composition . surface .climate. water resources .and soil) in the area of study.cultivating drainage system .The study has diagnosed the impact of some climate factors in the decline of the production of orchard crops and the deterioration of their quality .in addition to low rain ratio and its fluctuation as some farmes in the area depend on ground water and drainage system water for the lack of surface water. Moreover sample were taken from ground water wells.the first sample was from Al - Farashiya region the second was from Al - Jankana region in order to investigate their physical and chemical properties .It appeared that salt rate was high in the ground water .Sample were also collected from Al - Razaza drainage water which proved to be inadequate for irrigating crops.The most salient conclusion the study has arrived at is that human factor have a big role in the reduction of crop production and the dividing the property of agricultural premises is the worst in its effect on agricultural land .this factor results from two reasons. The first is the heritage system and land division to distribute it among familynumbers .The second reason is land owners desire to divide the land for selling it as residential plots to make an income that is considered higher than that which comes from farming .This results in the decrease of the size of agricultural land which leads to the reduction of government support as this support is in the form of providing agricultural equipment (like fertilizers.seeds.pesticides.and machinery) to encourage formers to practice agriculture .While the fact is that government had no tangible role in that . The study has also pointed to the importance of environmental factors which include pests and damages to stored crops is considered the worst past that attacks palm trees in the region of the study while is the most dangerous to citrus and fruit trees in addition to weeds and rodents .The study also includes the challenges that face the cultivation of orchard crops and the future directions to develop crops cultivation in the Ares through suggesting aappropriate solutions

ال ابي الحسين الكلبيون في صقلية 336 - 444هـ /947 - 1052م == The Family of Abi Al Hussein Al Kelbis in Sicily 336 - 444 H

Author name: ريم مسلم هاني كشمر اليساري
Supervisor name: هاشم ناصر حسين الكعبي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Al Kelbis is one of the Arab families that had a role in the history, particularly Fatimid state. This family had a role in weakening disorder of Abi Yazid Mukheled which was considered the most dangerous disorder that faced the Fatimid state in North Africa. In the wake of disturbed situations in Sicily which belongs to the Fatimid state entrusted Sicily island ruling to Al Kelbis as a reward to their great efforts and prestige. They could rule Sicily island from 336 to 444 H. with the continuity of loyalty to Fatimid. The study included an introduction, a preface, three chapters, conclusions, and a list of references. The preface was devoted to the naming study and the geographical location as well as the island climate and most important cities, in addition to the general situations in Sicily before Al Kelbis ruling. The first chapter dealt with Al Kelbis' title and their role in fixing the Fatimid rule in North Africa and Sicily. It was divided into four sections. First sections clarifies Al Kelbis' descent, the second talks about Al Kelbis' military efforts in North Africa, the third mentions fixing Fatimid rule in Sicily, and the fourth talks about Al Kelbis' wars against Romans and Umayyad in Al Andalus. The second chapter is entitled Al Kelbis' military efforts in Sicily was divided into two sections. The first section gave attention to the role of the prince Ahmed Bin Al Hassan Bin Ali in Sicily and throning of the prince Ahmed Bin Al Hassan in Sicily. It also mentions the role of the prince Ahmed in the Fatimid - Romans conflict in Sicily and the relation of Sicily with the Umayyad in Al Andalus during the era of the prince Ahmed Bin Al Hassan. The second section mentions Al Kelbis princes in Sicily after the prince Ahmed Bin Al Hassan from 358 - 373 H. / 970 - 982 A.C., it states reaching the prince Abu Al Qasim Al Kelbi, and the prince Jabir Bin Ali. The third chapter which was entitled Sicily situations till disassembly and end of Al Kelbis family, was divided into three sections. The first section tackles Sicily situations from 373 - 388H./ 983 - 998 A. C. it talks about the prince Jaffar Al Kelbi 373 - 375 H./ 983 - 985 A.C. and his cunning to protect cities, and the prince Abdullah Al Kelbi375 - 379 H./ 985 - 989 A.C. and the most important events in his time, as well as the prince Abu Al fetouh Yousif379 - 388 H. / 989 - 998 A.C. and his care to the poetry. The second section was entitled disassembly of Al Kelbis family. It mentions the prince Jaffar Bin Yousif Al Kelbi 388 - 410 H. / 998 - 1019 A. C. and the beginning of Al Kelbis family from the revolution of Ali Bin Yousif and the revolt of Sicily people against the minister of the prince Jaffar Bin Yousif, as well the loss of south Italy. The third section was entitled the end of Al Kelbis state. It talks about the prince Ahmed Al Akhel and his interior policy 410 - 427 H./ 1019 - 1035 A. C. in addition to the relation of Sicily with the Romans during the era of the prince Al Akhel, and also the prince Hassan Bin Yousif Al Sumsam 341 - 443 H. / 1039 - 1051 A.C. and the Roman campaign against Sicily beside the disciplines in Sicily.

موقف الاتحاد السوفيتي من الحرب الاهلية اللبنانية (1982 - 1975) == The Attitude Of The Soviet Union From The Lebanese Civil War (1975 - 1982)

Author name: اسراء محمد علي عبد الكریم كساب
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد شطب العبیدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study or research deals with (The Attitude Of The Soviet Union From The Lebanon Civil War (1975 - 1982), The importance Of Lebanese crisis with contributed to its causes ,events and results in changing and drawing The local , region and international strategies . It was The most appropriate and appropirate stage For The Arab conhtries to prove their Foreign diblomatic in Fluence on one hand . Its explatation Of launching Of guerrilla operations a gainst Israel. On The otherhand The Arab - Israel conflict was On The worst stage. It was a shitable For The super power to show Their power and political , military capalites and maneuveaAfter The snd world war ended,The cold war had started between The western capitalist and Eastern Socialist camps . They made The middle East as astrategic target For political and military competition between Them . Taking Dlace From several eouhties Allies and mediators in The region , and This applies to Lebanon ,as is The case with Syria , That was For Soviet and Isreail For United stats . Each of Them was as a fundemantal pillor to confront The strikes under The hidden support of it'sallies . Taking The differente of or state of demographic diversitg and build on it . on The basis of The political division The National chapter in 1943 , when he made The political system based on The sharing of power when caused The country to be subject to sectarian clashes and to spark The anger in any serious blow . This anger was exacer bated in The aftermath of June 1967 setbaek , when The Arab eries of support For Palestinian resis tance rose and Promised a Fedrlly legitimate , duty of Arab countries to support it in all espects It was a great victory For The Palestinian res's tance after allwing it's armed political presence in The lebanses teiritories. The events of September 1970 created an intense fication and intensification of it's presence in labanon after expulsion of The Plastime liberation organization From Jordan. The countions guerrilla (Fedaiyian) operalions . especially during 1973 war which was launched From southern lebanon agaiht Isreail were The expected result and rejected by The mornite Lebanese right. The Palestinian presence was source of confusion and demographice in Lebanon and For The benefit of molims . All this made shadowed amajor crisis , The destrucation of in frastructur and loss of millions of lives , as well as the economic collapsein eastern Switzer land. The study period was From 1975 - 1982 in The history of labanon. It was The spark of anger actually tools place in eastern Switzer land On 13 April 1975 when the western camp had succeeded in exiting and expelling the P L O and Palestine refugee From labanon . At that tim , The second Isreali invasion Followed it . It was the most worct For the work of Arab - Palestinian cooperation also it was the success of imperialism , That year was make of the political and military diplomatic détente of the Soviet union ,especially after the death of president Soviet , (Brezhnev) in mid - November , Yuri Andropov became president . As well as The period of research did not meet adequate studies to take long tim in the history of Soviet Foreign diplomatic . This thesis consists of an , introduction , a preface Three chapters and conclusion . The conclusion consists of The import results that can be studied . The preface includes Three main points . The first points includes (A , B) the general conditions of the Soviet Union and the general condition of Lebanon . The study also shows or includes presentation of the deomgraphic , policy , socially of the two countries . The second Point dealt with the Soviet foreign policy on the Middl - East , especially Egypt , Syria and Lebanon . theses point were a fundamental and important starting points for the research . While the third point was to explain the 1958 crisis , American troops lowering , the period of shihabi rules and Soviet positions . The first chapter deals with the motives of the Lebanese civil war and it's after math , Arab - Israeli conflict . The study included a catalog For the period From (1967 - 1973) The chapter consists four sections . The first topic deals with (kxNakba Bof June 1067 and the Soviet position . A.The result of the direct war, B . The results of the Indirect war . The second topic reviewed the Cairo convention and the events of September black in 1970 and the Soviet postion of the Palestine liberation Organization (P L O ) , That was the foucus of the research in the third topic . The fourth Topic deals with the deterioration of 1973 war and it's impact on the Lebanese civil war . The importance of this period is the accumulation of events and Arab crises that affected the events in Lebanon . The second chapter deals with the declaration of Lebanese civil war and the deterioration of the internal situation until the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1975 and the Soviet position . It is divided in to Four Topics . The first deals with the causes of forcing war while the second is the reasons of the internal war The third is the Syrian invasion to Lebanon and the Soviet position (1975 - 1976) , The fourth topic deals with the first Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1978 and the impact of the two poles (side) Soviet and American policy on Lebanon . The third chapter pauses on the Soviet scenes From the three crises in Labanon between (1980 - 1982) and it's after math - It is distributed on four topics. The first topic deals with the Syrian rocket (crises of Zahla ) and the Soviet reactions . The second topic treated of the position s of Soviet From the invasion of Isaeli and From the massacres of Sabra and Shatila . The fourth topic dealt with the Soviet policy following the second invasion of Lebanon . The conclusion was basced on the most important findings and conclusion of the position of Soviet Union of the Lebanese civil war . This study concluded in some of it's results to the divergen of the Soviet positions throught the period of war .The shy positions committed by Moscow making as on lookers that was in the eyes of many Arab countries - especially those loyal to Soviet , this is incompatible with its history role and greet advocatey of oppressed people as a super Power . on the other hand , the military development achieved by the United states and the political weigh that it leads in the Middle East , especially lebanon is amcasure of Soviet domination . As for Syria , it has always been trying to prove its influence and lebanon's dependence on it . Especially as it was the backbone of the Foreigen policy of Soviet in lebanon and the middle East in general . Despite the different attitudy towards it sometimes , depending on the stage . But the relation have been closed since 1982 .

الرواية والاسناد واثرهما في وضع اخبار السيرة النبوية : المرحلة المكية انموذجا == Narration and ascription and their effect in Writing of prophetic Biography of Mecca Phase as a sample

Author name: سهاد محمد باقر جواد صادق
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Since long time, man interested in history whether by a scientific knowledge or be a desire to save his remarkable deeds and glorifying forefathers. This is to express his affiliation to his society and living land. Interest in saving history varies according to variety of cultures and their people, for each civilization has its own history. Arabs were the first who interested in saving their religious and cultural heritage. And in spite of the modest historical material of Arab history before the prophet mission that reached us; it is in fact a history that needs a lot of thorough examination and purification particularly in what concern with the religious side for most of its sources came through poetry, legends, folklores, and from some old Testament books. The prophet mission had great influence on development of history science for Arabs because of entrance of Arabic history into new era of documentation dew to the news that came through Holy Quran about previous nations. This is in addition to appearance of prophet Mohammed ( p.b.u.h.)as an Arabic personality that made a change in Arab peninsula and neighboring communities. This directed historians towards Arabic and Islamic history that started since descending of inspiration. This interest did not prevent fabricators to insert their lies to Islamic history particularly the prophet biography exploiting authority's prevention for writing down from one side and for the political conflict from the other side. Thus, the land was fertile and there was enough space to plant many lies in theprophet's( p.b.u.h.)biography. Despite of severity and verification means that muslim scholars in accepting or refusing narration, fabricators exploited transferring and narrating rules and source refusal to insert their subjects. Therefore, the source was a means to pass the faults and detestable narrations. Accordingly, there was a reason for a study deals with the source and narration and their influence on the historical fabrication process. This is what mentioned by Prof. Dr. Ayad Al kheffaji. He chose the prophet's biography to be his study, and in particular the Meccan period of the prophet life for its importance in the Islamic history. In addition, it was a very fertile land for fabricators because most of its events were not documented that makes easy for them to add whatever sources they want to the weak narrations. Our work in the dissertation was to discover whatever relates to the prophet's biography when he was in Mecca, starting from his birthday to his immigration to Medina, then studying sources and bodies narrations. For each narration had its own privacy that differs from others. There was the weak narrations whether by its source or body. Others had no source. Thus, there was necessity to criticize the text by comparing it with other historical tests one time and submitting it to the mind and logic on the doctrine criteria

موقف اهل الكوفة من الاحداث السياسية في خلافة الامام علي بن ابي طالب (عليه السلام) (35 - 40 هــ) == Al - Kufa people's position towards political events in Caliphate of Al - Imam Ali bin Abi Talib ( p.b.u.h.)( 35 - 40 Hijri)

Author name: رسمية خماط عبد الزهرة عباس الجبوري
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: In spite of the huge number of the previous studies that tackled Al Kufa city that focused on the religious , cultural, social, and economic aspects there, the researcher liked to study ' Al - Kufa people's position towards political events in Caliphate of Al - Imam Ali bin Abi Talib ( p.b.u.h.) ( 35 - 40 Hijri) '. this has an influence on my spirit to request more and encircle the subject and to discover facts that seems ambiguous. Nature of the study demanded that the study should be divided into an introduction, four chapters, conclusions including the most important results, and a list of the most important references. First chapter deals with the social construction of Al - Kufa community, tribes' emigration and their place of settlement, and a historical background of each tribe. Second chapter deals with Al - Kufa people's position towards Al Jemel battle. It starts from the city stand of the caliph Othman bin Affan, murder and paying homage to Al - Imam Ali and his administrative reforms that form a starting point to events represented by Al - Sham ruler's disobedience and mutiny to the caliphate legality Third chapter is devoted Al - Kufa people's position towards Seffean battle. Due to the press important and great influence on the wars directions, we preferred to study it with more detail for both fronts. We shed light on Al - Kufa people's position which forms a strong support for Imear Al Muamnean's (p.b.u.h.)front. Fourth chapter mentions Al - Kufa people's position towards Al - Nehrewan war. The study concentrated on the arbitration case andits role on appearing of Al - Khewarij group, Al - Kufa people's position towards Al - Khewarij war and the political events that followed. That was represented by the raids adopted by Muaweh on Al Imam Ali's states, and conducted by the hidden conspiracy to kill Imear Al Muamnean. After finishing the study, the following results can be drawn : 1.The tribe forms the social and political unit in the Kufa community when it was established, a plan was devoted to each tribe and this simplified recruitment and leading armies and distributing gifts as well as other issues.2.Tribes were divided into two parties Adnani and Ghahtani.3.Kufa became the capital of Islamic Arab state. So, the political center moved from Al - Medinah to Kufa which became the heir of Al - Medinah. It lasted as the decision center and the caliphate headquarter for four years. This has clear influence on the later times by its leadership for the Islamic Arab state. This formed a great danger to the resolutions and as opposition focus against unfair and disobedience.4.The study showed the supporting Kufa people's position to Al - Imam Ali (p.b.u.h.). since long history Kufa was identified by its tendencies to Imam Ali. Kufa people formed the strong support to Ali's army and the victory device in his three battles : Al Jemel, Seffean, and Al - Nehrewan.5.The military incidents that Imam Ali led are considered great incidents in history of Islam, for it was first local war among muslims. It was also first disobedient movement to the Islamic legality represented by the caliphate and Imameh together. He led his first war against perfidious to his pay homage ( A'isha, Telha, Al - Zubair ). The second war was against the mutant Al - Sham ruler (Muaweh). The third war was against the recant of religious (Al - Khewarij).6.First splitting among Al - Kufa people happened when some of them raised the disobedience flag. Those were minority. Historically, they were known Al - Khewarij. The Prophet's talks were foreseeing their existence and he was urging their fighting to eradicate them

صراع الجناح السياسي والجناح العسكري في الدولة العباسية حتى عام 218هــ

Author name: قاسم علي محمد اليساري
Supervisor name: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

العلاقات اليمنية الحبشية من القرن الاول الميلادي حتى نهاية القرن السادس الميلادي == Yemeni african relations Abyssinian from the first century AD until the end of the sixth century AD

Author name: تيسير عماد مرزوك
Supervisor name: علي كسار غدير الغزالي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Arab History Before Islam
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

موارد القاضي النعمان ومنهجه في كتابه المناقب والمثالب == Judge Nu'man's Resources and Curriculum in His Book Al Mnakeb wa Al Mthalb

Author name: محمد باقر عودة ابو السود
Supervisor name: حسين كاظم حسون القطب ال طعمة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

السجون في مدينة بغداد : دراسة في خططها واساليب التعذيب فيها من 334 - 447هـ/945 - 1055م == The Prisons in Baghdad study in it's planning and methods of torture from (334 - 447 A.H , 45 - 1055 A.D )

Author name: وجدان صالح داخل العبيدي
Supervisor name: ميثم مرتضى مصطفى
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of Prisons in Baghdad city study in its planning and methods of torturer from (334 - 447 A.H , 45 - 1055 A.D ) is the important subject which the researchers did not study well especially during the Buwaihed's period in Iraq . This study aims to show the role and the significant of the prisons on human who take two way ; the first is repairing the human self, the second of aims to punish the criminal which is value of his criminal against humanities. The study is also show the development of the prisons in history in the Buwaihids periods . The establishment of prisons in Baghdad during the Buwaihids periods were taking two ways, the first was some of prisons in Baghdad were building before the Buwayhid reign but they were still continued, and the other were building during the Buwayhed reign . The information of prisons in the history books are very little but I collected these information and analysis it in order to reach for better conclusions . Islamic religion put many punishment for many crimes but did not declare for the prisons . We divided this study for four section . At the beginning we study Bani Buwaih in their original and the first step to establish their state in Persian lands and then go to Baghdad , the research also contain the Buwaihid princes in Baghdad . The first section contains the meaning of prison in language and idioms and its meaning in Holy Quran and sunnat . This first section also study the historical development of prison in Persian empire , Byzantine empire , and Arab tribe before Islam , and in Arabic state during the state of prophet Mohammed ( peace be upon him ) and Rashid caliphate , Umayyad and Abbasid caliphate . This study refer to the prison form , kinds of different sentences toward prisoner . The second section contains prison planning in Baghdad and its administration , the meaning of plain , the form of prison , the responsibility of its administration the persons who issued the orders of prison , the tools of touchier ; The third part of this we study the kinds of prisons in as general prison , special prison , woman prison .The fourth second contains the kinds of prisoners in Buwaihid period from the caliphates , princes ministers , writers , secretaries , Alawies , Qaramita and the prisoners of rebellions and revolutionaries . The information of prisons is very little during the Buwaihid period because most of the prisons was destroyed because of the political or natural as flood or burning it by the rebellion . We depended in this study on several sources as Arabic , Persian ,and English books in order to reach for the best conclusion .

بهجة السامعين والناظرين بمولد سيد الاولين والاخرين للعلامة المحدث الشيخ ابي بكر محمد بن احمد نجم الدين الغيطي الاسكند ري الشافعي ت 981 ه/ 1573 م : دراسة وتحقيق == Bahjat Al - Sam'een wa al - Nadhereen bi Maoled Sayyed Al - Aweleen wa Al - Akhereen For The Expert, Narrator, Sheikh Mohammed Ahmed bin Ali bin Abi Bekr Al - Ghadhy Al - Eskandy Al - Shafi'y ( d. 981A. H/ 1573A.D) A S tudy and Investigation

Author name: محمد نعمة طاهر الصريفي
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: By this study, the researcher obtained a number of conclusions that couldbe summarized as following : - 1 - The intellectual and cultural movement in Egypt, in the Mamloky era or the following Islamic eras, had flourished in the intellectual and theological schools that had gave us a great number of scientists, narrators and jurists.Many intellectual schools had been established where the great scientists, especially of the Shafi'y sect, had studied to be experts in the fields of the prophetic biography, jurisprudence and prophetic tradition or hadith.2 - In this study the researcher attempted to exhibit the biography of the author Najimul - Deen Al - Ghadhy and the scientific movement which he had lived where many scientists had worked to defuse the intellectual, religious and cultural awareness.3 - The study revealed the books and manuscripts, the published and the missing ones, of the author, his permission to the scientists of his era and the opinions upon his works, where his era had witnessed a serious competition among the scientists.4 - Throughout the study, we found that author Najimul - Deen Al - Ghadhy Al - Shafi'y is one of the narrators whose masters had described him as ( jam'e al - kamalat) and compared him to Al - Bokhary due to his scientific status in Egypt.5 - The study dealt with the masters, sheikhs and scientists who had praised his scientific march, and those who had learned and get used of his scientific works; written and orally.6 - The author had taught many of the student who had become a distinguished figures in the different fields of knowledge such as : - hadith, interpretation or explanation and jurisprudence according to Al - Shafi'y sect.7 - The researcher had not been restricted to the resources on which the author had depended, he went beyond them to the resources of biography, explanations, hagiography as well as the historical books that deal with all the details of the prophetic biography.8 - In this study we have referred all the narrations and texts of the this subject to their original resources completing them and correcting the distortion to have a clearer and more correct text.9 - The author's resources, declared and non - declared, had been put in a table. 10 - A scientific comparison had been conducted between original copy and the secondary one referring to the resources to get the correct text.11 - The results had been summarized and exhibited in the conclusion .By the support of His Almighty God, and the guidance of our master teachers, the researcher had accomplished studying and investigating Bahjat Al - Sam'een wa al - Nadhereen bi Maoled Sayyed Al - Aweleen wa Al - Akhereen, for The Expert, Narrator, Sheikh Mohammed Ahmed bin Ali bin Abi Bekr Al - Ghadhy Al - Eskandy Al - Shafi'y, ( d. 981A. H/ 1573A.D). Praise be to Allah, Lord of worlds, prayer and peace be upon the most honorable Mohammed and his pure progeny.

نساء ال عبد المطلب واثرهن في الحياة العامة حتى نهاية العصر الراشدي (41ه) == The Women of the Abdul Muttalibs and their impact on Islamic historY Until the end of the Rashidi erA

Author name: مروة رحيم راضي حنون الغزالي
Supervisor name: علي كسار غدير الغزالي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Abd al - Muttalib bin Hashim was a prominent figure in the community of the Arabian Peninsula in general, and Mecca in particular, he was the leader of the tribe of Quraish after his father Hashim bin Abd Manaf, and he had great works and alliances with other tribes, as well as the role of Abdul Manaf, In the commercial side. The profession of trade is one of the most important professions practiced by Abdul Muttalib after his father Hashim who inherited from, and his father played a prominent role in the ILAFF contract with kings and emperors and other Arab tribal leaders to pass the Quraish trade peacefully. The women of Al - Muttalib have a clear influence on the literary aspect before Islam through their saying of poetry , all its types . They were well - versed poets in this aspect, as they excelled in the poetry of lamentation, dancing, praise, bragging, and other kinds of poetry. Some of them were skilled traders, they collected from this trade large sums of money, for example, some of them speculations in the money.The women of the Abdul Muttalib house had a wide presence in most social events, as well as the participation of some in some decisions and alliances, such as the MUTAIBEEN alliance and others. Their speech had a clear impact on this aspect. The women of the Abdul MuttalibAAAAAAA family emerged during the invitation of the messemger, Muhammad through their participation in the migrations (Abyssinia, the city) such as Safia daughter of Abdul Mutalib, Fatima daughter of Asad, UM Hani daughter of Abu Talib ,Ruqaia daughter of Saifi and others. Some of the women of al - Muttalib participated in the wars of the messenger, Muhammad, where they were courageous against the polytheists, such as the participation of Safia daughter of Abdulmuttalib in two battles (Auhd and the trench), as well as the participation of the other women, such as Libabah bint al - Harith , UM Hani and others. Where they were courageous unlike some men. Some of the women of the family of Abd al - Muttalib urged their children to support the call of the messenger, Muhammad . So their position had a clear effect on the messenger, Muhammad. In addition, some women chose a negative role in calling the messenger Muhammad And the fight against his call, including UM Jameel, Abu Lahab's wife, who used all means against the call of the messenger against the rest of the women of the family of Abdul Muttalib.The women of Al - Muttalib had a prominent and clear effect in the narration of the sayings about the messenger Muhammad , through their coexistence with the reality of the events, as well as many of them reported about the messenger Muhammad, they were honest in this aspect, as they spoke about some other social aspects. so As the role of some women emerged after the death of the messenger and during the period of RASHIDA succession , they lament the Messenger of Allah Muhammad after his death.

مرويات سلمة بن الفضل الابرش (ت191هـ/806م) في تاريخ الطبري المرحلة المكية انموذجا : دراسة تحليلية == Narrations of Selem? Bin AlFedhil AlAbrish(Born 191 H. / 806A.D.) in AlTeberi History, The Meccan Stage as a Sample : An Analytical Study

Author name: حيدر عبد الحسين عبد السادة الحسيناوي
Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

الامامة السياسية في فكر اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) من عام 114هـ/732م حتى عام 203هـ/818م == The Political Imamate in Ahlal - Bait Ideology ( 818A - 203H /732A - 114H

Author name: عباس علي حسين الشمري
Supervisor name: عمار محمد يونس الساعدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The political leadership played a great role over the periods passed by the Arab Islamic country has been the leader in the community and is the final authority in many of the issues that have been exposed to the Umayyad state as well as Abbasid as a broad thought helps the prosperity of the state and its recovery. The political leadership in governance as well. It reflected Maidor in the minds of the weak and the poor of the people and the literature has exceeded the leadership of the thinking of the people of the house peace be upon them very few and rare in the period covered by the research and the subject dealt with the knowledge of two periods Tari The State of the Abbasid State, as well as the Abbasid state because the political aspirations represented by Imam Jaafar Sadiq peace be upon them the two countries together, so the sources used by the researcher, thank God, are available mostly in libraries and in electronic libraries. The nature of the research was divided into an introduction, Chapters .. Part of the prelude to the first .. The House in the Koran and Sunnah .. Second .. The concept of Imamah in the minds of the people of the House peace be upon them until the end of the first century AH The researcher to provide a detailed explanation of the people of the house in the Koran and Sunnah as well as the role and role during The first century AH As for the first chapter, he was carrying the title of the people of the house and political issues during the Umayyad and Abbasid states and divided into three sections. We spoke in the first section about the position of the people of the house, peace be upon them, from the revolution that was done by their name, and it dealt with the revolutions that took place in the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, Ahl al - Bayt (peace be upon them) and how they dealt with those who carried them out. In the second topic, the title of the top revolutions in the Abbasid period and the position of the people of the house were discussed, and we referred to the names of the upper revolutions and to the people who suffered the harm and spread their swords against the two Umayyad and Abbasid states As well as how they managed to bring the Ansar and what is the position of the Imam peace be upon them, the third topic was entitled : the new state and the position of the House of the peace be upon them, where we discussed the meeting of the vacuum and how the Abbasids managed to take the dispute and how the dispute between the branch Hasani and Abbasi The naming of the Khalifa and the roles of the people of the House peace be upon them in the Abbasid state and how they managed to live among the Abbasites. The second chapter included the title of the nations of the House of Peace be upon them to stand in front of political issues and divided into two sections was the first topic bears the title : the introduction of the owners of peace be upon them in the institutions of the state has addressed the researcher to the owners of the imams who were working within the Abbasid state and how they managed to support their weak brothers In order to live in the state, knowing that they were unable to science within their institutions sometimes by the guidance of the faith and the other because they do not want to work with power, but in the second section was entitled : Islamic schools founded by the people of the House peace be upon them Which was founded by Imam Jafar Sadiq peace be upon him and the numbers who were agreed under his hand and how this school was able to spread the science of the people of the House peace be upon him and the teacher Imam Musa Kadhim peace be upon him and how he managed to face the state of this science that he gave to his students and how this school moved forward Ali Al - Redha peace be upon him and how he managed through these sciences to expand at the expense of power as it became the state of the era of Al - Ma'moun Abbasid. The third chapter dealt with the title of the types of political response to the families of the House of peace be upon them divided into three topics dealt with the first topic Title : The second topic was : rejection in the manner of governance and purity of purity, and the researcher touched upon the origin of al - Taqiyya as the system that followed it. Most of the people of the house, peace be upon them, and they did it because they are not allowed to do the face of the state. As for the third topic : preparing the people for the next and the announcement of the leaders of the community was speaking by searching for the origin of the Imam, which runs according to the genetic system, which is prescribed by God Almighty and how they enemy leaders of the community working with them so that they can face the oppressors and so to spread the justice that characterized him Ahl al - Bayt peace be upon them. The letter was followed by his conclusion, in which he addressed the researcher to the most prominent findings reached through the subject of this research, and then a list of sources and references. The sources of the Islamic jurisprudence : These sources are the main basis on which the research was based on the matters of Imamah and beliefs of the people of the House peace be upon them, provided these sources valuable information and including the (Imamah and vision) Ibn al - Mufaydah al - Qumayyat, 329 AH, and 'Usool al - Kafi', 348 AH, and Sheikh al - Mufid 's writings.The sources of the Islamic jurisprudence : These sources are the main basis on which the research was based on the matters of Imamah and beliefs of the people of the House peace be upon them, provided these sources valuable information and including (Imamah and vision) Ibn Qabayyat Ibn al - Qayyim 329 Hijri and (Osool al - Kafi) for the Caliphs 348 AH, and the writings of Sheikh Mufid (disclosure in Imamah, correct belief, beliefs) (Shiites means) free world 1104 AH. 2) Books Tafseer and Hadith : These sources helped to highlight the thought of the people of the House peace be upon them through the Koran and the Hadith of the Prophet, peace be upon him and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) Al - Hasakani, 490 AH (Bayan Complex in the interpretation of the Koran) Tabarsi of the sixth century AH. As for the books of Hadith and Sanctuary, it has brought with it many evidence and evidence on the rehabilitation of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and the people of the House (peace be upon them) to lead the nation with the text on its front and from (Saheeh Al - Bukhari) Al - Bukhari, 256 AH (Musnad Imam Ali) Qabbanji (Encyclopedia of the Ghadir) Amini (Encyclopedia Imam Sadiq peace be upon him) Caspian. 3) Books of classes and translations : These books represent a great value for the mystery of information and accuracy and from the oldest of these books (the major classes) of Ibn Saad 230 230 Hijri, which provided information about companions and followers, either books translations, most famous (the laparism) Balzadr 279 Hijra (fighter students)Abu Farj Al asfahani is on a distinguished road. 4) General History Books : These sources were distinguished by valuable information that the researcher was able to identify the most prominent events and at all levels and the most famous of them (the front and politics) Ibn Qatayh al - Dinuri 276 AH (long news) Abu Hanifah al - Dinuri 282 AH (date Yaqoubi) Yacoubi 292 Hijri (The History of the Apostles and Kings), the History of the Apostles and Kings (Tabari, 310 AH), Ibn al - 'Atham al - Kufi, 314 AH (gold lawns and minerals of substance, proof of the commandment) Masoudi 346 AH (regular in the history of kings and nations) The ether is 630 AH. 5) Literary sources : No less important than the above mentioned sources because of the information contained in various aspects of the lives of orphans : Among them (pros and cons) Baihaqi 470 AH (approach to the rhetoric) Ibn Abi Al Hadid 656 Hijri.The sources of the Islamic sources can not be overlooked because they contain extensive information that is important in all aspects of research in its broad sense, including Imam Ali, the voice of justice and humanity, George Gurdak, the sheikh and the parish, Ben Ali (Akkad) Imam Jafar Sadiq (Soldier) Imam Sadiq and the four sects) Asad Haider (Gharib Tos) d. Hassan Haj Hassan (Imam Musa Kadhim) KameSuleiman.Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research .. University of Karbala .. Faculty of Education for Human Sciences .. History section .... (political leadership in the minds of the people of the House peace be upon them from 114 AH to 203 H .A letter submitted by the Master student to the Council of the Faculty of Education for Human Sciences. University of Karbala, which is part of the requirements for obtaining a master's degree in Islamic history .. Supervisors Professor Dr. Ammar Mohammed Younis Saadi .A letter submitted by the student Abbas Ali Hussein to the Council of the Faculty of Education for Human Sciences. University of Karbala, which is part of the requirements to obtain a master's degree in Islamic history .. Supervisors Professor Dr. Ammar Mohammed Younis Saadi .

القبائل العربية في الكوفة وخططها : دراسة في كتاب خطط الكوفة لماسينيون (1883م - 1962م) == Arab tribes in Kufa and their plans Study in the book of Kufa plans for Massignon(1883 - 1962)

Author name: الاء جاسم محمد صافي
Supervisor name: انتصار لطيف حسن السبتي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

الدور الاسرائيلي في الحرب الاهلية اللبنانية 1975 - 1983 == The Israeli role in the Lebanese civil war (1975 - 1983)

Author name: علاء غني عطب الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: حاتم راهي ناصر الزوبعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Lebanon Is One Of The Arab Countries That Received The Attention Of Researchers And Historians Who Dealt With The Situation And The Events It Experienced, Especially The Lebanese Civil War, Which Broke Out In 1975 Due To Various Political, Economic And Social Factors Exploited By Some Regional Neighbors To Incite Sectarian Strife Through Its Interference In Lebanon's Internal Affairs. ) One Of Those Countries That Worked To Tear The Lebanese Society By Employing It For Religious And Sectarian Diversity And Exploiting It To Expand At The Expense Of Lebanon's Independence And The Unity Of Its People And Territories Because The Zionists Took A Truce In 1949 As An Excuse And Pretext For Interference In Internal Affairs Lebanon, And The Creation Of Internal Conflicts, Because Lebanon Is Linked To Direct And Long Borders With The Zionist Entity Extends About 79 Km, Tried To Exploit The Zionists In The Bridges Of The Relationship With Some Parties And The Lebanese Sectarian Conflict And Employment To Serve The Zionist Expansionist Strategy Based On Feeding And Continuation Of This War And Thus The Liquidation Of Some Of Its Anti - Of The Zionist Presence In Palestine As The (Israel) Has Become An Important Port And Active In The Civil War. Therefore, The Researcher's Choice Of The Subject (The Position Of The Zionist Entity From The Lebanese Civil War 1975 - 1983) As The Title Of His Message And An Attempt To Reveal The Role Of The Zionists In That War, Because To Our Knowledge That This Subject Did Not Study Academic Academic Study Reveal The Size Of Military Aid, To Some Of The Parties To The War, Especially The Christian Militias, At A Time When The Lebanese Government Stands The Position Of The Weak And Weak On Those Interventions So That They Are Unable To Confront Them Until The Situation Sometimes Led To Some Militias To Fight On Behalf Of The Zionists On Lebanese Territory Yeh. The Researcher Relied On Chronological And Descriptive Historical Analysis Of The Events That Took Place In Lebanon During The 1975 - 83 Civil War, Which Broke Out Following The Events Of Ain Rumaneh. The First Topic Dealt With The Impact Of The Zionist Entity On The Political Reality Of Lebanon From 1947 To 1967, While The Second Topic Dealt With The Arab - Zionist Conflict And Its Impact On Lebanon 1967 - The Third Topic Focused On The Lebanese Zionist Relations And Their Influence On Some Arab Issues Until 1975, Including The Palestinian Issue And The October War Of 1973. The Second Chapter Dealt With The Repercussions Of The Civil War On The Zionist Political Reality. The First Section Revealed The Procedures Followed By The Zionist Entity Beginning The Civil War In 1975 - 1976. The Second Study Dealt With The Study Of The Christian Zionist Relations In Lebanon 1976 - 1978. Operation Litani In Southern Lebanon In 1978 By Knowing The Reasons For The Invasion And The Zionist Military Operations That Got The Impact Of That Process.While The Third Chapter To Reveal The Truth Of Direct Zionist Intervention In Lebanon In 1982 Included The Other Three Topics Dealt With The First Phase Stages Of The Development Of Christian - Christian Relations 1978 - 1981, The Second Section Has Revealed The Operation Carried Out By The Zionist Entity (Operation Peace Galilee) In 1982 Explaining The Position Of The Zionist People From The Decision Of The Invasion, And The Position Of The Zionist Parliament (The Knesset) Of The Invasion, The Third Topic Dealt With The Intersection Of US Attitudes Towards The Zionist Political Outcomes Of The Lebanese Crisis. The Fourth Chapter Devoted His Attention To Studying The Direct Zionist Role In The Most Prominent Lebanese Issues Until 1983. The First Topic Dealt With The Events Of The Sabra And Shatila Camps. The Second Topic Dealt With The Agreement Of May 17, 1983 And The Zionist Withdrawal From Lebanon. The Third Topic Explained The Political, The Lebanese Reality

تطور التعليم في لواء الديوانية - 8591 8591 : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: حميد نعيم هادي حسين النبهاني
Supervisor name: عدي حاتم عبد الزهرة المفرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

مرويات الصحابة في كتاب سنن البيهقي : دراسة في الاحوال الاجتماعية والاقتصادية

Author name: فرات عبد الرضا جواد معله
Supervisor name: اياد عبد الحسين صيهود الخفاجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The Islamic legislation has two main resources : the Holy Quran and the prophet instructions ( Sunneh). These instructions means what is said or done or accepted by the prophet. Thus, the forerunner Muslims or the prophet's companion took much care of what the prophet did. Some were writing down what they were hearing in their meeting with the prophet. So, recording at the beginning was an attempt to collect the aural sayings; it had no title and no subject unity. Therefore, the prophet's companions' recordings were called the companions' writings. Al Hedeith writing was started in Al Medinah Al Munewarah for it was Islamic State center and homeland of the prophet and his companions; that's why these writings took the narrative Hijazi style. It was characterized by taking care with prophet's Hedeith and attaching the biography with it. That's why the prophet's Hedeith moved side by side with the history for a long duration. One can hardly find a saying in biography without the prophet's Hedeith especially during Al Medinah stage. That was simply because of state building and society planning as well as economic management. However, the researcher finds difficulty to separate them when talking about the sayings. If he mentioned the companions' sayings, his pen unintentionally writes about the prophet's Hedeith. It is a necessity one cannot avoid. But recording was stopped during Omar Bin Al Khettab era. The Islamic state formally did not adopt a decision for writing till the era of Umayyad Omar Bin Abdul Aziz ( 99 H. - 101 H. / 717 - 719 A. D. ) when he saw a necessity for recording. From that date , the scholars worked hard for writing, and from that time Al Hedeith and the prophet's biography were separated to be the core modern science, that because it is an independent science with its own bases and origins. Some persons were great with a high level of philology of this science. Among those scholars was Al Beiheki. His book Al Sunen Al Kubrah was comprehensive for all the prophet's Hedeith in addition to a large number of the prophet's companions' narratives in all fields political, social, economic, and creedal. Thus, he decided to tackle the social and economic sides of the companions' narratives through Al Sunen Al Kubrah book. So, the current thesis was entitled (the companions' narratives in Al Sunen Al Beiheki : A study in the Social and Economic States. Our study procedures implemented collected the companions' narratives of the economic and social impressions. It has two sections. The first is devoted in the social narratives; it is in turn, was divided into three sections. The first dealt with marriage and family system, while the second was about social complementarity in Islam, and the third discussed fashion and general cleanliness. Second chapter mentioned the economic companions' narratives, it has two sections. The first was about the financial resources of the Islamic state. It collected narratives relate to the state incomes such as almsgiving fifth, tribute, booty, war profiteer and Faiy'a the second section mentioned the economic activities that the companions' narratives wrote about. This included the agricultural activity, crafts, industries, and commerce activity. It is worthy to mention that the study preface stated Al Beiheki biography.

الانفاق العسكري في صدر الاسلام واثره في التنمية الاقتصادية حتى عام 41هـ == Military Spending in the Early Islamic period and its Impact on Economic Development Until 41 H

Author name: حسن محمد هادي الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: زمان عبيد وناس
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The study entitled “Military Spending in the Early Islamic Period and its Impact on Economic Development Until 41 H.” has been divided into three chapters, in addition to the introduction, prologue, conclusion, appendixes, and the list of references consulted in thestudy. Chapter one tackles military spending in the Holy Quran and Hadith books. This chapter includes two sections; the first deals with the features of the image of spending in the Holy Quran, which is an important approach that springs from the nature of the study to clarify military spending in the Holy Quran. Thus, the section sheds light on the concept of spending and its divisions, the Quranic vision to it, the Quranic stylistic methods of encouraging it, and the conditions required for the spending to be sound. All this is treated in the light of the Quranic text and books of Quranic interpretation.Section two has been dedicated for the study of these concepts in the books of Hadith. So we have tried to comment on the sayings claimed to belong to Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) which are related to authority and its men. In those sayings there is an attempt to obscure the features of the peculiar image of spending drawn by the Holy Quran for Muslims for every time and place. Chapter two is dedicated for investigating military spending until the year 41 H.\ A.D. 661. The chapter is divided into two sections; the first section deals with forms of military spending during the early Islamic Period depending on what modern economists have regarded as forms of military spending in the course of their discussion of immediate military spending. The researcher has found a noteworthy similarity between immediate forms of spending and their counterparts in the past. Section two has been dedicated for the study of military spending in the thought of political authority starting from the thought of Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.) ending with the thought of Imam Hassan (P.B.U.H.), these two being the Alpha and the Omega of the six governments that ruled that era and the factors behind the disparity in military spending between a government and another, this was followed by the prophet’s act regarding some cases he faced related to spending.In chapter three, the impact of military spending on development until the year 41 H.\A.D. 661 has been outlined. The chapter id divided into two sections : Section one studies the concept of economic The term “development” has been linguistically and terminologically defined. It has been stated that the term “development” is a modern term that is close to another term that had often been used in Islamic resources, we have also referred to unique developmental thought of Prophet Muhammed (P.B.U.H.)since the early beginning of forming the State of Islam in year 1 H.\ A.D. 622.The position of military force in economic activity has been discussed, it has often been tackled by historians from three sides : The agricultural, the industrial, and the commercial. This is followed by a discussion of the nature of the relation between military spending and economic development between the phases of defense and attack against the enemies of the State. While section two is dedicated to the study of the positive and negative impacts of military spending and the factors that lead to positive or negative marks on the phenomenon of military spending. From all this, certain conclusions have been arrived at which were summed up in the conclusion; including recommendations for the people of the Ministry of Defense.

استعمال اسلوب ARDL في تقدير اثر سياسات الاقتصاد الكلي على بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية في العراق == Using the ARDL method to estimate the impact of macroeconomic policies on some economic variables in Iraq

Author name: خضير عباس حسين الوائلي
Supervisor name: مهدي سهر غيلان الجبوري | كاظم سعد الاعرجي
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Using-the-ARDL-method-to-estimate-the-impact-of-macroeconomic-policies-on-some-economic-variables-in-Iraq.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: مر الاقتصاد العراقي بظروف استثنائية في العقود الماضية من حروب دامت لمدة طويلة كانت نتائجها وخيمة على واقع الاقتصاد العراقي من استنزاف للموارد الاقتصادية وكذلك على واقع السياسات الاقتصادية, تلاها حصار اقتصادي شديد استمر لاكثر من عقد من الزمن الذي اثر في تراجع جميع المؤشرات الاقتصادية, وفي ظل هذه الظروف لجات الدولة الى اتباع سياسة الاصدار النقدي الجديد لتمويل الانفاق العام لسد حاجات المواطنين, وهذه السياسات ادت حدوث تضخم جامح وتدهور قيمة العملة المحلية . اما بعد عام 2003 وفي ظل الانفتاح الاقتصادي وتزايد عائدات النفط لم نلحظ حدوث اي تغيير في واقع الاقتصاد العراقي وانما تعميق الطابع الريعي ولم يكن هناك توجهات للسلطات العامة لرسم سياسات اقتصادية تهدف لاعادة بناء الهيكل الاقتصادي وازالة الاختلالات الهيكلية التي يعاني منها وكذلك ابعاد الاقتصاد عن تاثير الصدمات الداخلية والخارجية . تنطلق هذه الدراسة من فرضية مفادها "ان هناك علاقة توازنية طويلة الاجل بين متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي ومتغيرات السياسات الاقتصادية". ومن اجل اختبار هذه الفرضية فان الدراسة قسمت الى ثلاثة فصول, تناول الاول الاطار النظري لسياسات الاقتصاد الكلي والثاني تناول تحليل المتغيرات الاقتصادية في العراق اما الثالث تناول قياس تحليل دوال الاقتصاد الكلي والسياسات الاقتصادية وتم الحصول على نتائج النماذج القياسية باستعمال انموذج الانحدار الذاتي للابطاء الموزع (ARDL), والذي يعد من الاساليب القياسية المتقدمة, والذي يعتمد على اختبار استقرارية السلاسل الزمنية ويعطي هذا الانموذج نتائج عن طبيعة العلاقة في الاجلين القصير (انموذج تصحيح الخطا) وكذلك نتائج للاجل الطويل. وقد توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات من اهمها وجود علاقة توازنية طويلة الاجل فضلا عن العلاقة قصيرة الاجل بين متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي ومتغيرات السياسات الاقتصادية وكذلك كانت سرعة التكييف في اغلب النماذج سريعة نسبيا ومن ثم فان الاختلالات التي يمكن ان تحدث سوف يتم تصحيح النسبة الاكبر منها في السنة نفسها واعادتها تجاه القيمة التوازنية طويلة الاجل. | The Iraqi economy has experienced exceptional circumstances in the past decades of war that lasted for a long time and its results on the reality of the Iraqi economy from the depletion of economic resources as well as the reality of economic policies, followed by a severe economic siege lasted for more than a decade that affected the decline in the values of economic indicators, Under these circumstances, the state resorted to adopting the new monetary policy to finance public expenditure to meet the needs of citizens, and these policies were offset by the gross inflation and deterioration of the value of the local currency. After 2003, with the opening of the economy and the increase in oil revenues, we did not notice any changes in the reality of the Iraqi economy, but rather the deepening of the rentier nature. There were no directions of the public authorities to formulate economic policies aimed at rebuilding the economic structure and removing structural imbalances, Internal and external shocks.This study is based on the hypothesis that there is a long - term balance between macroeconomic variables and economic policy variables.In order to achieve this hypothesis, the study was divided into three chapters, The first dealt with the conceptual framework of macroeconomic policies and the second dealt with the analysis of economic variables in Iraq. The third dealt with the modeling of macroeconomic functions and economic policies. The results of the standard models were presented using the ARDL model, Which is one of the advanced standard methods, which depends on the test of stability of time series This model gives results on the nature of the relationship in the short term (error correction model) as well as long - term results. he study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a long - term equilibrium relationship as well as the short - term relationship between macroeconomic variables and economic policy variables, and the speed of adjustment in most models was relatively rapid. Therefore, the imbalances that can occur will be corrected. Same year and return it to long - term equilibrium value.

دراسة فسلجية وكيموحيوية ونسيجية لمرضى ابيضاض الدم اللمفاوي الحاد غير الوراثي في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة

Author name: همام علي هادي
Supervisor name: ستار جاسم حتروش | رشا حسن جاسم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Aphysiological-Biochemical-and-Histological-Study-to-Non-%E2%80%93-Genetic-Acute-Lymphocytic-Leukemia-for-Patients-in-Karbala-City.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The rate of cancer infection has increased with a clear rise in the incidence of leukemia in Iraq's common diseases in 2017, which was the seventh place in 1989, as follows. Generally, about 10 among 100,000 people are infected with leukemia, male have the biggest ratio between the patients with leukemia, finally, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is increased at patients with 3 to 7 years old. During the period from the beginning of February 2016 to the first week of 2017 in the Center of Oncology of Hematology in the medical city of Hussein in Karbala', 30 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia their age were ranged from 2 - 13 years old (19 male and 11 female), without familiar history with cancerous disease. The samples were collected before treatment with chemotherapy, and they were follow - up during the stages of treatment. The control group included 30 samples ranging from 1 - 13 years (18 males and 12 females) Numerous biochemical and histological parameters were assessed in the samples of study patients before and after receiving treatment and the recorded results were compared to the control group. The results of the study showed significant results (p<0.05) at the levels of CLEC4E, MDA, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration and EOP in the group of animals with acute lymphocytic leukemia before receiving treatment compared to healthy individuals. The current study showed decreased concentrations of CLEC4E, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration, Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Concentration and Ceruloplasmin Oxidase Activity, while EOP levels increased after chemotherapy, while MDA remained at an unrecognized level at diagnosis. The study showed significant differences (p=0.000) when elevating a number of blood parameters, WBC level and Ferritin concentration. When the stud recorded statistically significant rise in the level of platelets and Hb concentration before chemotherapy. At diagnosis, the present study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni levels in the patients group, before treatment. However, statistical analysis of trace elements in the sera of patients after treatment didn’t show significant differ than their levels at diagnosis. The study the effect of acute lymphocytic leukemia in the function of kidney showed significant increase in the levels of ANP and Urea in sera of patient samples as well as levels of urinary microalbumin comparison to control group levels, contrast to that, Creatinin levels showed significant (p=0.001) decrease in serum of patients group. Comparative study showed that there were statistically significant differences (p=0.000) of ANP, Urea, Creatinin, Uric Acid, and Microalbumin in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia after receiving chemotherapy compared to healthy peers.In order to evaluate liver function, GOT and GPT levels as well as STP levels in patients with leukemia were observed within the range recorded in healthy individuals. On the other hand, the current study showed a rise in the levels of ALP enzyme in patients exceeded twice that recorded in the group of healthy children. After receiving chemotherapy, the study showed a significant increase (p=0.000) for GOT, GPT and ALP levels for the group of patients compared to healthy individuals, a significant decrease (p=0.000) of STP levels in the group of patients compared to healthy patients. The study identified many differences between patients and healthy males as well as between infected and healthy females at the level of implicit comparisons between the two groups at diagnosis and after treatment, as shown in the table below which summarizes the relationship between patients of both ganders with their healthy peers. The current study showed statistically significant statistically associations, the clearest among them was recorded when CLEC4E correlated to EOP, which were positive in 100% of the study samples at diagnosis and negative in the same samples after receiving chemotherapy. The results of the study showed that 80% of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia were with type 1, L1, 17% of type 2, L2 and 3% of the third type L3, the promise of the first type has a good outcome of the disease as the response is good for treatment and go through recovery after treatment.

تاثير عقار الديكساميثازون في غرس الكيس الارومي وغضروف وعظم الجنين وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية في مصل دم الجرذان الحوامل == Effect of Dexamethasone on blastocyst implantation, Cartilage ,bone embryo and some serum biochemical parameters in pregnant rats

Author name: علاء حسين مهدي الصافي
Supervisor name: اكرم يوسف ياسر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Effect-of-Dexamethasone-on-blastocyst-implantation-Cartilage-bone-embryo-and-some-serum-biochemical-parameters-in-pregnant-rats-.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Dexamethasone (DX) is considered one of the steroidal drugs which have varieties of clinical application in medicine for treatment of many different cases. The present study was aimed to know the effect of DX on the implantation of blastocyst during the days 7 and ten of pregnancy, and the process of development of cartilage and bones in the fetuses of albino rats during the days 15 and 20 of pregnancy. In addition to that some physiological parameters aimed to be elucidated in the pregnant rats. The study was conducted in the department of Biology \College of Education for Pure Sciences/ University of Karbala in the period of April, 2016 to May 2017. Ninety four albino rats have been used, among them 10 male rats were used for matting with 84 female rats .The females were divided into three groups, with 28 rats for each group . The first control group was injected with physiological normal saline (0.9%) intraperitoneally. The other two groups were received daily injection via the same route with 0.2 and 0.4 of DX \ 250 gm. of body weight respectively. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups with seven pregnant female rats for each one. The pregnant rats of each subgroup were sacrificed on the following days : 7,10,15, and 20 respectively The subgroups of the latter two days were used to study the development of the cartilage and bones. Half of the embryos on day 20 of pregnancy from the control and treated groups were used for histological sectioning; while the other half were used to stain the embryonic skeleton according to double staining technique of Whitaker and Dix . All the collected samples which include the implantation sites from the pregnant uteri at days 7 and 10, together with whole embryos from days 15 and 20 of pregnancy, were put in two types of fixatives : 10% formalin and Boun's solution. The collected samples then processed according to the traditional methods of paraffin embedding to be cut into sections of five µm thicknesses. The sections were stained by haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E); one step trichrome; periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) with and without diastase; Alcian blue at pH 1.0 and 2.5. Blood samples from pregnant rats were collected on days 7,10,15,and 20 of pregnancy to check for the following biochemical parameters : concentration of calcium ,phosphate and potassium ions ;alkaline phosphatase ,and acid phosphatase enzymes; and estimation of parathyroid and calcitonin hormones. The results of the H&E stained section of pregnant sites of both the control and treated groups have shown that blastocyst was implanted in the antimesometrial side of the uterus. Most of this side of the uterus has become decidualized tissue, where four zones could be identified : the primary decidual zone; secondary decidual zone ;implantation site; and undifferentiated decidual basal zone. On day 10 of pregnancy the embryos have shifted their position from the antimesometrial side to the mesometrial side of the uterus. The decidual tissue has grown wider and included most of stromal cells of the endometrium. The changing of the position of the embryos at day 10 is important for their survival because they will become nearer to the main blood supply to uterus which are running in the mesometrium. The results of the one step trichrome stained sections from both the control and treated groups have shown clear distribution of collagen fibers in the decidual tissues at days 7 and 10 of pregnancy, which gave an indication of the success of pregnancy up to these stages. The primary decidual zone was devoid of collagen fibers but they are evident in the secondary decidual zone. At day 10 of pregnancy the collagen fibers were more in evidence especially at the mesometrial side of the uterus. The importance of collagen fibers was to give support to the blood vessels supplying the placenta which are coursing through the mesometrium. Positive stain has been revealed in PAS reaction in decidual tissue on day seven of pregnancy without diastase, but it was negative with diastase. No reaction ,in the decidual tissue, with and without diastase was noticed at day ten of pregnancy. With Alcian blue pH 1.0 no reaction was noticed in the decidual tissue of both control and treated groups at days seven and ten of pregnancy. On the other hand positive reaction has come out at pH 2.5. The reaction at that pH was more prominent at the antimesometrial decidual tissue. But it was only depicted in the wall of blood sinusoid of the mesometrial decidual tissue. Tongue like extensions of trophoblasts was noticed to be extending from the recently implanted embryo toward the endometrium, at day seven of pregnancy of both the control and treated group. The trophoblasts were pushing themselves in the direction of mesometrial decidual tissue in order to reach and settle nearer and in the wall of the blood sinusoids of that area. The invasion trophoblasts destination was to reach to the spiral arteries supplying the labyrinthine placenta in the rats. At the 15th day of gestation there was no significant change in the cartilage model in the posterior limbs of the two treatment groups from the control group. The important signal indicated by the present study was observation of cartilaginous cell necrosis, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, At the age of near the end of pregnancy in the treatment groups, many of the effects on the bone tissue, which are the existence of a vacuum around the bone cells and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in addition to bone erosion and arthritis and the reduction of cartilage and irregularity of medicine Surface area, hyperlipidemias and leavicular necrosis. Bone marrow squeaks in the control group and the first dose group of dexamethasone were found to be more extensive than the second treatment group. The bones of control group embryos stained with alizarin red has acquired much more red coloration than the treated group embryos, which indicated a slowdown of ossification in their bones compared with control group, Showed that the length of the skull, spine, forelimbs and hind limbs of the fetal fetus at the age of 20 days of gestation of from the treatment groups has decreased for length in the control group but the decline was not significantly level (P <0.05) . The calcium, phosphate and potassium ions concentration was low in the blood serum of treated group ( P< 0.05) during the whole period studied. However the phosphate ions was low in the control group .For the alkaline phosphatase level, it was significantly low ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compare with the control. On the other hand the level of the acid phosphatase was high in the treated group ( P< 0.05). The concentration of both the parathyroid and calcitonin hormones was significantly higher ( P< 0.05) in the treated groups compared with control. In conclusion, the present study has revealed that DX treatment showed no interference with the process of implantation during the days seven and ten, and with chondrogenesis on day fifteen of pregnancy. While the effect on cartilage formation on the fifteenth day and bone on the twentieth day of pregnancy.

الذكاء المتبلور وعلاقته بالتحكم الانتباهي لدى طلبة الجامعة == The crystallized intelligence and its relation to Attention Control by the students of the University

Author name: اسراء علي ابو شنه السلامي
Supervisor name: عدنان مارد جبر المكصوصي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: It has become necessary to be interested in research and educational studies and psychological aspects of mental and cognitive, and the development of these aspects has become one of the most pressing demands in this age, so the current research dealt with the study (The crystallized intelligence and its relation to Attention Control by the students of the University ), and crystallized intelligence As "a kind of intelligence that includes skills, abilities, acquired understanding through observation, information gained from formal and non - formal learning, and refers to the ability to use cognitive skills, verbal and quantitative skills acquired from school, Formations", and attentional control is "a set of semi - independent abilities, each responsible for different aspects of the central operational behavior and performance of interconnected and interrelated capabilities (attention focus / attention shift / control of attention)" (Crystallized intelligence and attention control) of the higher cognitive mental processes that must be paid attention to and develop in individuals in general and students of the university in particular, who constitute one of the important segments of society and represent the backbone of society, the current Which is responsible for the advancement, development and prosperity of society Hence the current research aims to identify : 1 - the degree of intelligence crystallized by university students.2 - the degree of attention control of university students.3 - The correlation between the crystallized intelligence and the attention control of university students.4 - Differences in the correlation between crystallized intelligence and attention control among university students according to gender variables (male - female), and specialization (scientific - human).CTo achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher built the test of crystallized intelligence according to the theory (Cattell, 1963), and the adoption of the attention control measure of (Shammari, 2015), and applied tools on the sample of the study (400) students were selected In the randomized stratified sample of the Karbala University / third stage and for the morning study only of both sexes (males and females), both for (scientific - human) and for the academic year (2017 - 2018). Discriminatory approach to each tool in accordance with it, and extraction (virtual honesty, sincerity of construction), and has been checked for consistency The test of crystallized intelligence in two ways : the method of fragmentation of the half has reached the coefficient of stability (0.86), and the equation of Kyoder - Richardson 20 reached the coefficient of stability (0.73), while the measure of the control of the stability has been verified in two ways : The coefficient of stability (0.81) and Alpha Kronbach's coefficient of stability (0.79), The number of paragraphs as final form for the test of crystallized intelligence (34) paragraph, the measure of Attention control (38) paragraph, and after the validation of the validity of tools in the light of indicators of honesty and consistency, and apply these tools on the research sample and then to collect data and processed statistically (Microsoft - Excel) prepared by Microsoft and the (SPSS). The current research results in the following results : 1 - University students enjoy the crystallized intelligence.2 - University students enjoy the attention control .3 - There is a positive correlative relationship between the crystallized intelligence and attention control.4 - There are no statistically significant differences in the correlation between crystallized intelligence and attention control according to gender variables (male - female), and specialization (scientific - human).In the light of these findings, the researcher made som and suggestions as explained in chapter fo

النضح الانفعالي وعلاقته بالتفكير المغاير للحقيقة لدى مدرسي المرحلة الاعدادية ومدرساتها == EMOTIONAL MATURITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING AMONG PREPARATORY STAGE TEACHERS AND THEIR TEACHERS

Author name: رغدة حيدر عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: رجاء ياسين عبد الله العبودي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: The current research aims to identify the relationship between emotional maturity and the Counterfactual Thinking of the reality with the teachers of the preparatory stage, as it is the emotional maturity (Emotional maturity) one of the important features of the personality is the individual's quest to reach a stage of emotional stability, which is the weakness of emotional irritation towards opposition and anger, realism in his life, discipline and perseverance, while the Counterfactual Thinking only if he, When the result is known, it requires the realization that an event could have occurred differently and included the ability to compare the truth with one or more alternative alternatives. As the teachers of the preparatory stage is an important segment to prepare a new generation and they are the backbone of the future of society, so the current research aims to identify : 1 - The emotional maturity of teachers of the preparatory stage in the province of Karbala.2 - Counterfactual Thinking in the teachers of the preparatory stage in the province of Karbala.3 - Significance of the difference in emotional maturity among the teachers of the preparatory stage and their schools in Karbala governorate according to the following variables : Sex (male - female), specialization (scientific - humanities), Years of service (0 - 5 years, 6 - 10 years, 11 - 15 years, 16 - 20 years, 21 years and more(4 - Significance of difference in Counterfactual Thinking the teachers of the preparatory school and its teachers in Karbala province, according to the following variables : Sex (male - female(,specialization (scientific - humanity),Years of service (0 - 5 years, 6 - 10 years, 11 - 15 years, 16 - 20 years, 21 years and more(5 - The correlation between emotional maturity and Counterfactual Thinking in the teachers of the preparatory stage in KarbalaThe researcher adopted the descriptive approach as a methodology for the study and selection of a sample of (400) teachers and schools from Karbala governorate and was chosen by random class method with equal distribution in terms of variable (gender, specialization)In order to achieve its research objectives, the researcher constructed the measures of emotional maturity and Counterfactual Thinking. The psychometric properties of the two measurementsThe researcher adopted in the processing of research data by statistical means that fit the nature and objectives of the search through the statistical bag (spss)The results of the research found that the teachers of the intermediate stage characterized by emotional maturity as well as Counterfactual Thinking is statistically significant, there are no statistically significantDdifferences in emotional maturity by sex, specialization and years of service. As the results show, there is no interaction between these variables. As for the statistical differences Counterfactual Thinking to the truth, the results showed that there is a difference of statistical significance for the sex variables (males, females) and for the benefit of the male. The results indicate that there is no difference, specialization, and years of service and there is interaction between gender (males, females) and years of service, Also there is no interaction between sex and specialization ,specialization and years of service, as well as between sex and specialization and years of service, the results showed there was no correlation between emotional maturity and Counterfactual Thinking variant.The results of the current research were explained according to the research theory adopted. The research concluded with several recommendations, including : - Attention to the teachers by the Ministry of Education because they are the important segment in the community and it is their responsibility to prepare a generation of good.Proposals include : - Conduct a similar study to the current study on other samples will be different, such as (supervisors educators, heads of departments and deans, university presidents( - Conducting studies that deal with Counterfactual Thinking and its relation to other variables such as(compassionate personality, mature personality, emotional management(
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