Language: English

Full text from the source: https://nahrainuniv.edu.iq/sites/default/files/alaa%20razzaq%20shakir.pdf

University location: Baghdad

تحضير وتشخيص ودراسة املاح البريدينيوم الجديدة كمثبطات لتاكل الحديد الصلب في الاوساط الحامضية == Synthesis, Identification and Study of some New Pyridinium Salts as Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Author name: اثير فاضل محمود

Supervisor name: مهدي صالح شهاب

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

تحضير , تشخيص وتقيم الفعالية البايولوجية لمركبات جديدة مشتقة من 1،2،4 - ترايازول و1،4 - ثنائي الفنيل ثنائي الامين == Synthesis, characterization and biological activity estimation of new compounds derived from 1, 2, 4 - triazole and 1, 4 - phenylen diamine

Author name: هاله معد جبار

Supervisor name: احمد عبد الرزاق احمد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

دراسة نظرية طيفية لبعض مشتقات الثايوفين == Theoretical Spectroscopic study for some Thiophene derivatives

Author name: نمارق عامر لفته

Supervisor name: شذى فاضل السعيدي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

ازالة الملوثات من العينات المائية باستخدام مسحوق الاطارات الطبيعي و المعدل == Removal of pollutants from aqueous samples using normal and modified tire powder

Author name: ايمان فاضل وصار

Supervisor name: ماجد شنون خلف

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

دراسة تاثير تركيز انزيم السايتوكروم ب 450 3ا4 على سرطان الثدي قبل انقطاع الطمث وعلاقته مع التاموكسيفين == Study the effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme activity in breast cancer premenopausal and its relation with Tamoxifen drug

Author name: ابراهيم وليد مهدي

Supervisor name: فراس عبد الله حسن

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

دراسة الجهد التاكسدي في يرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي باستعمال بعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية == Study of Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients using some Biochemical Parameters

Author name: وئام فاضل حسين

Supervisor name: وسام كاظم حمادي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

التثبيت الضوئي للبولي فنيل كلوريد باستخدام بعض معقدات القصدير الرباعية الجديدة المشتقة من السيبروفلوكساسين == Photostabilization of PVC Using Some New Organotin(IV) Complexes Derived from Ciprofloxacin

Author name: دعاء محمد غازي

Supervisor name: عماد عبد الحسين يوسف السراج

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

طريقة جديدة لتحوير مركبات السلاين وبعض الجزيئات العضوية على سطح السليكا المستخلصة من قشور الرز == New Method for Immobilizing Silica from rice husk ash with Saliting agent and Organic Molecules

Author name: احمد عباس ابراهيم

Supervisor name: جواد كاظم شنين | قاسم محمد حلو

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

تاثير بعض المعادن الثقيلة على وظائف الغدة الدرقية == Impact of Some heavy metals on thyroid gland functions

Author name: سارة جواد كاظم

Supervisor name: علاء حسين جواد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Analytical Biochemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

مستخلصات حرير الذرة كمثبط للانزيم اليوريز في بكتريا Klebsiella في مرضى حصى الكلية العراقيين == Corn Silk Extracts as Urease Inhibitors of Klebsiella Bacteria in Iraqi Patients with kidney Stones

Author name: رفاه هلال اسماعیل

Supervisor name: سلمان علي احمد

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

تنقية المياه الاسنة الناتجة من ابار النفط خلال عملية التكرير باستخدام مواد نانوية == Purification of waste water resulted from oil Refining using Nanomaterials

Author name: ساره عدنان هادي

Supervisor name: ماجد شنون خلف

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

الطلاء المعدني الوقائي لمعدن المغنيسيوم باستخدام السوائل الايونية == Metallic Protective Coatings of Magnesium Metal in Ionic Liquids

Author name: رشا حسين علوان

Supervisor name: هادي محمد علي عبود

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

تشخيص مستخلصات قشور التفاح والرمان الاحمر كمثبطات لتاكل سبيكة الفا (نحاس - خارصين) في الوسط الحامضي == Characterization of Red Apple and Pomegranate Peels Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitors for ? - Brass in Acidic Media

Author name: مصطفى صبري جياد

Supervisor name: تغريد علي سلمان

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

تحضير و تشخيص مركبات حلقية غير متجانسة كمثبطات للتاكل في الوسط الحامضي == Synthesis and Identification of Heterocyclic Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors in Acidic Media

Author name: عقيل فاضل مطلك

Supervisor name: مهدي صالح شهاب

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

تخليق وتشخيص وتقييم الفعالية البايولوجية لمعقدات مشتقات البنسيلين مع بعض ايونات الفلزات == Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Penicillin Derivatives Complexes with some Metal ions

Author name: ياسر حسام صباح

Supervisor name: عمار جهاد صادق العبدلي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

دراسة نظرية طيفية لمجموعة من مشتقات 1 , 3 , 4 - اوكسادايازول == Theoretical Spectroscopic Study for a Series of 1,3,4 - Oxadiazole Derivatives

Author name: حسن فائز حيدر

Supervisor name: شذى فاضل السعيدي

General topic: Chemistry

Specific topic: Chemistry

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Chemistry Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

Author name: سرى علي عبد اللطيف

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Author name: مياسة فاضل مهدي الروماني

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تمييز نبات الهوهوبا بالطرق الجزيئيه == Molecular differentiations of Jojoba

Author name: سداد طارق شاكر البياتي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Author name: دنيا قاسم محمد العزاوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Author name: رفل شكيب عبد الوهاب العاني

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

التاثير التثبيطي لزيت الحبة السوداء والعسل على التاثير السمي الوراثي لعقار التاموكسفين == Inhibitory Effects of Nigella sativa Oil and Honey on the Genotoxicity of Tamoxifen in Mice

Author name: ايات منعم علي السوداني

Supervisor name: Khulood Al-Samarraee | Esmail K.Shubber

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة بكتريولوجية ووراثية على عوامل الضراوة لبكتريا Klebsiella pneumoniae المعزولة من التهابات القناة البولية == Bacteriological and Genetic Study on Virulence Factors of Klebsiella pneumonia Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections

Author name: مهند رضا مهدي ال شكر

Supervisor name: Majed H. Al-Gelawi

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة الفعالية البيولوجية لمستخلص الشاترك == Biological Study on the Activity of Fumaria officinalis Extracts

Author name: مهند حسن حسين العزاوي

Supervisor name: Khulood W. Al-Samarraei | Alice K. Melconian

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة بعض التغيرات الكروموسومية الناتجة عن التلوث بالاوكراتوكسين A في الفئران == Study of Some Chromosomal Variations Caused by Ochratoxin A Contamination in mice

Author name: نور الحكم حسن علي التكريتي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تاثير بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك على المسببات البكتيرية لمرض حب الشباب الالتهابي الشديد == The Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Bacterial Causes of Severe Acne Vulgaris

Author name: رنا قاسم نعيم الدليمي

Supervisor name: Abdul W. Baqir | Hussain M. Ghazi

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة الفعالية البايولوجية خارج الخلية لمستخلص Pleurotus oyster == In vitro Study of Biological Activity of Pleurotus oyster Extract

Author name: علياء سعد عبد كركوش

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تاثير Probiotic على عوامل الحركة وظاهرة الانثيال لبكتريا Proteus mirabilis == Effect of Probiotic on Motility Factors and Swarming Phenomenon of Proteus mirabilis

Author name: ريم وليد يونس زين العابدين

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Department Of Biotechnology

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تاثير Probiotic على بكتريا Proteus mirabilis وصفتها الالتصاقية

Author name: غيداء حسين عبد الرحيم الجبوري

Supervisor name: Abdul W. Baqir

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Biotechnologies

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Author name: محمد سلام مزاحم العبيدي

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تصحيح الزيغ بسبب عدم التراصف في العدسات الكهروسكونية == THE ABERRATION CORRECTION DUE TO MISALIGNMENT IN ELECTROSTATIC LENSES

Author name: رؤى تحسين عبد الله الصميدعي

Supervisor name: احمد كمال احمد

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: اجري بحث حاسوبي في مجال بصريات الجسيمات المشحونة. يهتم البحث بتصميم منظومات عدسات كهروسكونية بوجود وعدم وجود تاثير عدم التراصف تعمل تحت ظروف تكبير مختلفة.ان توزيع مجال الجهد لعدسه احادية الجهد وعدسة مغمورة كهروسكونية تم تمثيله بدوال تحليلية. تم حل معادلة الاشعة المحورية للمجالات المقترحة لايجاد مسار الجسيمات المشحونة المارة في كل عدسة. ومن توزيع الجهد المحوري ومشتقتيه الاولى والثانية .تم حساب الخواص البصرية كالبعد البؤري والزيغين الكروي واللوني. كذلك تم ايجاد شكل اقطاب كل عدسة كهروسكونية ببعدين وبثلاثة ابعاد. ويعتمد الزيوغ في العدسات الكهروسكونية اعتمادا كبيرا على تراصف الاقطاب، وقد وجد انه عامل مهم يؤثر على الشكل الهندسي لمنظومة العدسة الكهروسكونية. ان نتائج هذه الدراسة لا تبرهن نظريا" امكانية تصميم منظومات عدسة كهروسكونية بزيوغ واطئة فحسب بل تبين امكانية تصنيع مثل هذه العدسات عمليا". | A computational investigation has been carried out in the field of charged - particle optics. The work is concerned with the design of electrostatic lenses with and without misalignment effect operated under different magnification conditions. The potential field distributions of einzel and immersion electrostatic lenses have been represented by analytic functions. The paraxial ray equation has been solved for the proposed fields to determine the trajectory of the charged particles traversing each lens. From the axial potential distribution and its first and second derivatives, the optical properties such as the focal length and spherical and chromatic aberrations have been compute. The electrode shape of each electrostatic lens has been determined in the two - and three - dimensions. The aberration of the electrostatic lens is highly dependent on the alignment of the electrodes and it has been found to be an important parameter affecting the geometry of the electrostatic lens system. The results of this investigation not only prove in theory the possibility of designing electrostatic lens systems with low aberration but also show the possibility of constructing such lenses in practice

دراسة النشاط الاشعاعي لنماذج من التربة والماء في بغداد وكربلاء والبصرة == Determination of the Radioactivity in Soil and Water in Baghdad, Karbala and Basrah Samples

Author name: مصطفى عرب بداي علي البيضاني

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Solid State and Materials Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتضمن البحث دراسة عملية لتحديد تراكيز اليورانيوم وغاز الرادون في التربة والماء لمناطق من بغداد وكربلاء والبصرة وللتعرف على مدى تلوث تلك المناطق بالمواد المشعة بعد احداث الحرب على العراق عام 2003 .تضمن الجزء الاول ايجاد تراكيز اليورانيوم في التربة والماء باستخدام كاشف الاثر (CR - 39) حيث استخدم التفاعل U - 235(n,f)U - 236 كمصدر لشظايا الانشطار النووي وذلك بقصف نواة اليورانيوم U - 235 بالنيوترونات الحرارية من المصدر النيوتروني (Am - Be) بفيض نيوتروني حراري (5 ×103 n cm - 2 s - 1) .تم تحديد التراكيز بالحسابات المعتمدة على المقارنة مع النماذج القياسية، وقد اوضحت النتائج التي حصلنا عليها ان اعلى تركيز لليورانيوم في التربة (2.73 ppm) في منطقة التاجي واعلى تركيز لليورانيوم في الماء (2.12 ppm) في منطقة العشار. تضمن الجزء الثاني ايجاد تراكيز غاز الرادون في التربة والماء باستخدام تقنية عد اثار جسيمات الفا المنبعثة من غاز الرادون فيكاشف الاثر (CR - 39) .وقد اوضحت النتائج التي حصلنا عليها ان اعلى تركيزلغاز الرادون في التربة (666 Bq/m3) في منطقة التاجي واعلى تركيز للرادون في الماء (14 Bq/m3) في منطقة العشار. اوضحت النتائج التي حصلنا عليها بان اعلى تراكيز لليورانيوم والرادون كان في منطقة التاجي ببغداد وفي منطقة العشار بالبصرة بسبب كون تلك المناطق مسرح للعمليات الحربية ضد العراق عام 2003 . | The aim of this project is to measure the uranium and radon gas concentrations in soil and water samples taken from regions situated in Baghdad, Karbala and Basrah, and to limit the level of contamination with radionuclides for these regions during the 2003 war.The first part contains the determination of uranium concentration in soil and water samples using CR - 39 Track detector. The nuclear reaction used a source of nuclear fission fragments is 235 - U (n , f) obtained by the bombardment of U - 235 with thermal neutrons from (Am - Be) source which has flux of (5 ×103 n cm - 2 s - 1). The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples which prepared in our laboratory.The results obtained show that the higher concentration of uranium in soil samples was (2.73 ppm) in Al - Tajii region, and the higher concentration for water samples was (2.12 ppm) in Al - Ashaar region.The second part contains the determination of radon concentration in soil and water samples using alpha - emitters registration which emits from radon gas in (CR - 39) track detector.The results show that the higher concentration for radon gas in soil samples was (666 Bq/m3) in Al - Tajii region and in water samples was (14 Bq/m3) in Al - Ashaar region.The results show the maximum values of uranium and radon concentrations were in the (Al - Tajii and Al - Ashaar) regions, because these regions were a field of military operations during the 2003 war

نظام اخفاء البيانات ذو معدل اخفاء عالي باستخدام تحويل الافين وطريقة البت الاقل اهمية == High Hiding Rate Image Steganography System Based On Affine Transform and LSB Method

Author name: محمد خليل خلاف سهيل القيسي

Supervisor name: لؤي ادور جورج | اياد عبد العزيز العاني

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Solid State and Materials Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The spying and intrusion operation had been widely spread to steal the information especially with the development of computer networks (like, Internet). To prevent this danger the development of a new technology called “digital information hiding” was developed in such a way that the intruder cannot notice the existence of secret information in the media.In this project an image steganograph system is introduced. The proposed system is based on using the affine transform to represent the blocks of the secret image in terms of the blocks of the cover image. Then, the least significant bits (LSB) insertion method is utilized to hide the quantized affine transform coefficients of the secret image in the cover image. Also in this research some block indexing methods are utilized to improve (i.e, speed up) the involved trials of affine mappings. Three systems (they are traditional IFS, IFS with symmetry predictions, and IFS with symmetry prediction and blocks indexing) have been established. They used to manage the way of selecting the suitable domain (cover) to represent the range (secret) block. The domain search operation will not need to make all isometric - block tests on each domain block. The best domain isometric state is assessed using the introduced isometric predictor; which is based on the moment status of the matched block. This will significantly reduce the matching time because only one match, instead of eight, will be tested to evaluate the IFS - similarity between any range and domain block. Also, a block indexing method is introduced to filter the domain blocks, and filter - in only those domain blocks that have similar block index with that of the mapped range block to be tested using IFS - matching.Some of the well known fidelity measures (like, MSE and PSNR) have been used to asses the quality of the reconstructed image. The conducted test results indicated that the proposed improvements have reduced the required hiding time down to 6.81 second (around 80 times in comparison with the traditional scheme) without making significant degradation in image quality

تاثير نسب ومعاملات الحزم على دقة تصنيف صور الاقمار الصناعية المتعددة الاطياف == Effect of Band Ratios and Indices on Classification Accuracy of Multispectral Satellite Images

Author name: سيف كامل شنين

Supervisor name: اياد عبد العزيز العاني | صلاح عبد الحميد صالح

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة متانة الربط الانتشاري بين السيراميك والمعادن في الحالة الصلبة == Investigation of the Relaibility of Diffusion Bond Strength Between Ceramic - Metals in Solid State

Author name: اروى غازي ناجي الطائي

Supervisor name: زاريه ازات سركيس | ثامر عبد الجبار جمعة

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Solid State and Materials Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة تعجيل الالكترونات باستخدام تفاعل الليزر مع البلازما الممغنطة للاتصادمية == Study of Laser Acceleration of Electrons in a Magnetized Collisionless Plasma

Author name: امال محمد كنيوي العكايشي

Supervisor name: خالد عباس يحيى | محمد عبد الزهراء حبيب

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Electronics Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: A theoretical and computational investigation was carried out in the field of laser - plasma interaction using the Finite Difference Method to study the acceleration of electrons with non - relativistic velocities in a non - magnetized and magnetized collisionless plasmas.First, a (Nd : YAG) laser pulse of 25 fs duration and 5x1015 W/cm2 intensity was assumed in the present study.When this laser pulse was allowed to interact with a stationary electron in vacuum, it was found that the electron is accelerated during the interaction only and returns to stationary state after the laser pulse has passed, in agreement with previous works.Also, the interaction of the same laser pulse with a collisionless plasma at electron density ne= 1x1018 cm - 3 was studied. It was noticed that the energy of the electron during the interaction has reached a maximum value of ~ 1 keV at laser pulse intensity of 5x1015 W/cm2, while the energy of the electron after the interaction reached ~ 15 eV for the same laser pulse intensity.Finally, the interaction of the same laser pulse with a plasma was studied at electron density ne=1x1018 cm - 3 in the presence of an external magnetic field for the three values of the field strength B= 60 MG, 70 MG and 80 MG. It was found that there is an increase in the acceleration of the electron to reach a maximum energy of ~ 19 keV at a laser pulse intensity of 5x1015 W/cm2 and an applied external magnetic field strength of 80 MG during the interaction. However, the electron energy after the interaction reached ~ 3 keV at a laser pulse intensity of 5x1015 W/cm2 and an applied external magnetic field strength of 70 MG. This is due to a sustainable generated laser wakefield of ~ 2x109 V/cm. Thus, it is concluded that an applied external magnetic field assists the acceleration of the electron and can subsidize for a high laser beam intensity

محاكاة العين البشرية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية == SIMULATION OF HUMAN EYE USING GENETIC ALGORITHEM

Author name: لؤي عبد الصاحب رسول الطائي

Supervisor name: سهى موسى خورشيد الاوسي | محمد صاحب الطائي

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

دراسة الفجوات المصنعة بهيئة عيوب بواسطة الاشعة السينية لمصبوبة المنيوم ومفاصل لحام الفولاذ == X - ray Radiographic Study of Simulated Voids - Like Defects in Aluminum Casting and Welded Joints in Steel

Author name: فرقد رشيد سعيد الزبيدي

Supervisor name: مازن فضيل محروك | ثامر عبد الجبار جمعة

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Solid State and Materials Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This project investigates the detection and evaluation of imperfections in internal structures of castings and welded joints by x - ray radiography. Optimum radiography conditions that lead to clear and high contrast image on the radiograph were studied.Equations derived earlier for finding the size and depth of defects in castings were used in this project to test their applicability to a wide range of geometrical parameters used in radiography.The importance of non - destructive testing NDT in industry is discussed. X - ray radiography being one of the NDT techniques, has some privilege over other techniques. For example, welded joints sometimes contain internal flaw or blowholes that may escape detection by other NDT techniques but can not escape detection by x - rays. Two kinds of samples are prepared for radiography. The first sample is aluminum casting through which two different sizes of steel spheres are included. This sample was radiographed from two opposite sides and the x - ray films were analyzed.The second sample is steel plates which are welded by arc welding and then radiographed by x - rays.Imperfections in this sample such as incomplete root penetration, undercut and porosity were detected by x - ray radiography. Different conditions influencing the preparation and radiography of the above samples were studied. The prepared welded sample was radiographed three times for different high voltages (120,140,160) kV respectively with an exposure time of (80) second. The best quality image where the defects can be detected clearly if its size is (5%) of the radiographed object using (120) kV and (140) kV. Moreover the results show that the optimum film gradient was found at (140)kV and the contrast is better than obtained with (120)kV while darkening image was found at (160)kV.In field of the aluminum casting, the two equations were derived earlier proved their capabilities as a right method for identification each of size and depth of such defects in castings and welded joints

دراسة قدرة الايقاف والمدى للبروتونات == Study of Stopping Power and Range for Protons

Author name: مصطفى عبد المحسن عبد العالي

Supervisor name: محمد احمد صالح

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تاثير المعاملة الحرارية على بعض الخواص الميكانيكية للمتراكب المنيوم - كاربيد البورون == Effect of heat treatment on some mechanical properties of Aluminum - Boron carbide composites

Author name: لمى جمال عباس الرماحي

Supervisor name: قاصد عبد الستار صالح الجنابي | سعد رحمة الله

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

قياس تركيز باعثات الفا في الادرار البشري باستخدام كاشف الاثر النووي في الحالة الصلبة PM - 355 == Determination of alpha emitters concentration in human

Author name: شيماء ذياب عطية العبودي

Supervisor name: مازن مانؤيل الياس | ندى فاضل توفيق

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Nuclear and Environmental Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This work owes its importance to the fact that it aims at knowing and measuring the concentrations of alpha - particles emitters discrete by the human body in the urine in particular. Knowledge of these concentrations is extremely important since it reveals whether a person has received such doses of radioactive materials emitting alpha - particles that result in the occurrence of malignant tumor and mutations. This subject being so essential to the health of individuals and being a great help to physicians to make the proper diagnosis in the relevant cases, has imposed itself on us as the topic of this thesis. Human urine samples were taken from Iraqi workers in different fields (phosphate plants, fertilizer plants, teaching staff in nuclear physics laboratory, painters, patient and reference healthy people of different ages), using PM - 355 solid state nuclear track detectors. The exposure method was used by immersing PM - 355 detectors in urine samples for three weeks, then etching by 6.25N NaOH for 5 hrs. The track density was measured via an optical microscope. The alpha emitters concentrations in the urine samples were calculated in comparison with standard samples that were prepared in the nuclear laboratory of physics department - College of Science AL - Nahrain University.The obtained results show that the concentrations of alpha emitters in the urine samples of patients range from 1.81ppm to 2.87ppm , from 0.087ppm to 1.32ppm in reference healthy people, in painters from 0.77ppm to 1.46ppm,workers in phosphate plants from 0.94 ppm to 1.89 ppm, workers in fertilizer plants from 1.0ppm to1.42 ppm , and from 1.0 ppm to 1.29 ppm in teaching staff in nuclear physics laboratory .Deductions from the results of this work regarding the dependence of concentrations on the person's occupation, years of service, sex, age and health condition have been dealt with in sufficient details as required.

اثر التلدين على الخواص البصرية لاغشية اوكسيد الالمنيوم (Al2O3) الرقيقة المحضرة بطريقة الترسيب الكيميائي الحراري == The effect of annealing on the optical properties of (Al2O3) thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

Author name: عبير كمال جعفر

Supervisor name: خضير عباس مشجل | ابتسام محي عبد العزيز

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

نموذج بطارية باستخدام برامجيات PSPICE مع مغير شحن ثنائي الاتجاه == Pspice Battery Model with Bidirectional Charging Converter

Author name: زينة موفق قدوري حسين العزاوي

Supervisor name: زينب منذر يونس كبة

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Author name: احمد حسين علي

Supervisor name: احمد كمال احمد | عدي علي حسين

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تطبيقات الانموذج العنقودي المزدوج في الانوية الخفيفة == APPLICATIONS OF COUPLED CLUSTER MODEL IN LIGHT NUCLEI

Author name: علياء حسين السباهي

Supervisor name: ليث عبد العزيز العاني | سعد ناجي عبود

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: احد الاكتشافات التي حدثت مؤخرا في الفيزياء النووية هي وجودالانوية السحرية(Halo nuclei). الانوية السحرية هي انوية ضعيفة الترابط حيث قلب النواة مع كثافة نووية طبيعية محاطان بمنطقة من مادة نووية مخففة كما في (كالنيوترون السحري). مثل هذه النوى تتواجد بكثافات خفيفة اوثقيلة, ان هذه الانوية موضوع بحث عدد كبير من الدراسات النظرية وكذلك العملية لغرض فهمها بطريقة اكثر وضوحا. ولهذا لوحظ خلال السنوات العشر السابقة اتسعت دراسة هذه الانوية. وفي هذه الدراسة تم فحص عدد من الانوية السحرية ومعالجتها بعدة طرق وايجاد بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية لهذه الانوية. في هذه الاطروحة تم فحص تركيب النوى السحرية الخفيفة من خلال الانموذج المجهري المتغير, هذا الانموذج هو عبارة عن توسيع لعمل سابق عن القشر المغلقة. تم استخدام الانموذج العنقودي المزدوج في هذه الاطروحة بالاعتماد على جسيمة الفا كاساس في الانموذج العنقودي وكذلك النيوترونات التي تظهر من خلال هذا الانموذج. كما تم معالجة الدالة الموجية بطرق التغاير وطريقة جاسترو للوصول الى دالة موجية اختبارية مقاربة الى الدالة الموجية الحقيقية.الدالة الموجية نحصل عليها من حالة االمصدر والتي تتضمن المتناظرات المطلوبة وتقدم وصف انتقالي (ثابت) للنظام يشكل عناقيد متعددة وغير مترابطة بعد ذلك نستخدم المؤثرات المترابطة ( بنوعيها المدى المتوسط الى الطويل الخطي والمدى القصير اللاخطي ) للحصول على دالة موجية جديدة, كم ان الدالة الموجية في الانموذج العنقودي تسمح بوصف الحركة الاهتزازية بين التجمعات داخل النواة. ان اهمية هذه الطرق تكمن في ايجاد حل لمعادلة شرودنكر كما تم الاعتماد على تفاعل نوية - نوية شبه الواقعية للوصول الى الجهد المطلوب, وان هذا البحث يتطابق مع مبدا باولي للاستبعاد. كما تم استخدام طريقة مونتي كارلو في هذا البحث وذلك لانها تمتاز بدقة رقمية عالية.وتولي اهتمام عالي لمتطلبات الانموذج الدقيقة. "والافضل استعمال المترابطات بحالة عشوائية كما يجب الاخذ بنظر الاعتبار تقدير الاخطاء بصورة اكثر دقة"في هذه الاطروحة تم استخدام الانموذج لفحص الانوية التالية : (5He,6He,8Be,9Be) وايجاد بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية لها من خلال ايجاد توزيع الكثافة لجسيم واحد ولجسيمين. بعدها نحصل على صورة نوعية لتوزيع المادة في النواة التي نحصل عليها وتجهيز تحليل معين لحالة مقيدة واحدة تتطلب قوة المدار - البرم في خطة مزدوج ( S - L ) ستظهر لنا انموذج قادر على انتاج حالات مقيدة يقترح لانظمة القشر المفتوحة بشكل اصطناعي لتعديل االتعبير المركزي للتفاعلات شبه الواقعية المستخدمة. كما تم ايجاد علاقة الطاقة مع عرض القشرة, وكذلك ايجاد سلوك النواة من خلال ايجاد العلاقة بين الطاقة والمسافة الى مركز كتلة جسيمة الفا. (5He ,8Be) هي انوية سحرية , نلاحظ السلوك العام للطاقة تقترب للحد الادنى وهذه يمكن ملاحظتها من المعدل الكروي لتوزيع الكثافة لجسيم وجسيمين,اما الانوية الخفيفة (6He,9Be) هي انظمة للقشر المفتوحة . في هذه الاطروحة تم كتابة البرامج باستخدا لغة الفورتران (77). | One of the recent discoveres in nuclear Physics is the existance of Halo nuclei . Therefore, halo nuclei are very weakly - bound exotic states of nuclear matter in which the outer one or two valence nucleons (usually neutrons), and a nuclear core with normal nuclear density is surrounded by a region of dulite nuclear matter, referred to as the neutron halo. Such nuclei occur from light to heavy masses and have been the subject of a alarge number of theoretical studies to try and understand them. A number of theoretical models have been proposed over the years. In this thesis the structure of light halo nuclei is examind through a fully microscopic variational model, where the Pauli exclusion princple explicity satisfied and semi - realistic nucleon - nucleon interactions are used. The model is an extension of previous work of closed shell nuclei. The wavefunction is obtained from a starting or reference state, which includes the required symmetries nd provides a translationally invariant description of the system in terms off several uncorrelated clusters. Medium to long - rang linear and short - range non - linear corrlation operators are then applied to obtained a good wavefunction, these models are important to solve the Shrodenger equation. The model developed is then used to examine the nuclei , , and . By making use of one - and two - body density distributions a qualitative picure of the matter distribution in the nucleus is obtained. The analysis provided indicates for a bound state one requires spin - orbit force, something that we don’t include. Nevertheless working in the L - S coupling scheme have shown that our model is capable of producing bound states for open - shell sysytems by artificially altering the central term of the semi - realistic interactions in use. And to find the relashonshipe between the energy and the width of shell, and find the behavioer of nuclei from throught the relation between energy and distance to the center of mass of alpha partical, 5He and 8Be are known halo nuclei. The general behaviour obtained was that the energy approached a minimum, as the separation between the several constituents increased. This could be monitored by observing the spherically averaged one - and two - body density distributions. We could clearly see that the energy was minimized as the one - body distribution broadened with the center shifting a way from the origin. The two - body density distribution separated into two parts : a main body similar to the alpha - particle and a small tale effect. We used algorithmic scaling in order to distinguish the two parts. Despite the fact our interaction is not adequate for the light halo nuclei of 6He and 9Be we demonstrated that our model can produce bound state for such open - shell systems by modifying the inter - nucleon force.in this thesis used programes in Fortran (77).

برنامج حسابي لحساب بعض خواص التراكيب البلورية == A Computational Program to Determine Some of Crystal Structure Specifications

Author name: لينا حسين علي

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: البرنامج الحسابي crystal - 2 المصمم بلغة فيجول بيسك 6 صمم وطبق لتعريف خصائص ثلاثة انواع من البناء البلوري يتضمن قياس الابعاد البلورية(a, b, c) , الزوايا المحورية (α, β, γ) ,متوسط حجم الحبيبة (AGS) , نسبة الملئ (FF) والاجهاد المرن (ε) . هذا البرنامج سوف يعطينا وصف كامل عن البناء البلوري لثلاثة انواع من البناء البلوري للمواد المستخدمة بواسطة ادخال المعلومات من البيانات التي تتضمن زاوية الحيود (2θ) ومعاملات ميلر hkl للمواد المستخدمة مثل كبريتيد الكادميوم (CdS) والبريليوم (Be) ومقارنة القيم المحسوبة مع القيم النظرية للبيانات المدخلة للمواد المستخدمة.كما انه تم قياس (AGS) بواسطة استخدام نظرية شيرر وعامل المرونة بواسطة استخدام نظرية هول ويليامسون للمواد المستخدمة مثل كبريتيد الكادميوم . | Computational program "Crystal - 2" in Visual Basic 6.0 was designed and applied to identify the specification for three crystal structures includes the lattice parameters (a, b, c), the axial angles (α, β, γ), the Filling Factor(FF) foe CdS, the Average Grain Size (AGS) for CdS, and the Elastic Strain (ε) for CdS and CdTe. This program will give us a complete description on crystal structure for three crystal structures material by inserting a data which include the values of Miller indices (hkl), the diffracted angle (2θ) from ASTM data for cadmium sulfide, beryllium and compare the calculated values with the values of ASTM data used material. This program is includes many special calculations for a certain material such as cadmium sulfide that used to examine the cubic system and calculated lattice parameters were found to be a ≈ 5.82 Å, b ≈ 5.83 Å and c ≈ 5.81 Å and there is a drift error about D ≈ 4.365314 10 Å when is compared with the published values, and to examine orthorhombic system by using ASTM data for cadmium sulfide as example the calculated values were found to be a ≈4.169 Å, b ≈ 2.791 Å and c ≈ 5.413 Å, with a drift error about D ≈ 8.28014 10 Å, also the tetragonal system is also examined for beryllium and the calculated values were found to be a ≈ 1.36 Å, b ≈ 1.36 Å, and c ≈ 3.58 Å with a drift error D ≈ 5.743535 10 Å, and the average grain size is also calculated for CdS by using the Scherrer's formula ,the filling factor is determined for Cadmium Sulfide, and the elastic strain by using the Hall - Williamson method for CdS and CdTe

ترميم الصور باستخدام تقنيات محورة غير خطية == Image Restoration Using Adaptive Nonlinear Techniques

Author name: محمد خضير كاظم

Supervisor name: اياد عبد العزيز العاني | صلاح عبد الحميد صالح

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

استخدام تحويل الجيب تمام لتشفير حزمة التحويل المويجي التقريبية == Using Discrete Cosine Transform to Encode Approximation Wavelet Subband

Author name: سارة عدنان محمود

Supervisor name: لؤي ادور جورج

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

التحليل وتطبيق بواسطة الحاسبة للخلية الكهروضوئية في المغير المستمر == A Computer Simulation and Application of PV cell on DC - DC Converter

Author name: زيد سمير جبار السامرائي

Supervisor name: زينب منذر يونس كبة

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Laser Physics and Electro-optics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: المنظومات الكهروضوئية تولد الكهرباء بواسطة التحويل المباشر للطاقة الشمسية وتعتبر نظام متكامل بسبب كونها مركبة من مجموعة قطع من العناصر. الدراسة النظرية للانظمة الشمسية وتقنيات انشاء موديل لها باستخدام دوائر كهربائية مكافئة كذلك خصائص الخلية الشمسية ستكون مطروقة في هذا البحث. الموديل الجديد للخلية الشمسية سيتم تحقيقه باستخدام برنامج التحليل pspice. الفولتية المثالية كانت 17volt والتيار المثالي كان 4.41A. هذا الموديل سيستخدم في المغير المستمر والذي يمتلك المواصفات التالية، فولتية خرج متغيرمن (1.5V - 12V)، التردد المفتاحي 20kHZ ، دورة الفرض (0.1 - 0.7)، وقدرة الخرج من (1W - 41.6W). المنظومة مصممة ومفحوصة بواسطة برنامج التحليل pspice. تطبيقات موديل الخلية الشمسية والبطارية ستنفذ في المغير المستمر. نتائج التحليل للمغير التي حصلنا عليها من كلا المدخلين اعطت توافق كبير في قيم النتائج. | Photovoltaic system generates electricity by the direct conversion of the sun's energy and it is a modular system because it is built out of several pieces of elements. The theoretical studies of PV and modeling techniques using equivalent electric circuits carried out and the characteristics of PV cell have been investigated. The new model of PV implemented in pspice program, the optimum voltage was (17volt) and optimum current was (4.41Ampere). This model is used in the DC - DC converter which has the following characteristics, the variable output voltage is (1.5V - 12V), switching frequency (20 kHz), duty cycle (0.1 - 0.7) and the output power (1W - 41.6W), the system has been design and tested by pspice program. The application of PV and battery implement in the DC - DC converter, the results of the converter simulation obtained from both two input show a good agreement.

محاكاة عامل التراكم لاشعة الكبح الناتجة من الامتصاص الكلي لاشعة بيتا == Simulation of Buildup Factor for Bremsstrahlung Produced by Complete Absorption of Beta Rays

Author name: ميلاد جذلان علي الانصاري

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تم تطبيق المحاكاة بطريقة مونتي كارلو لدراسة عامل التراكم لاشعة الكبح المتولدة من الامتصاص الكلي لجسيمات بيتا، حيث لم يسبق دراسته من قبل رغم اهميتها الكبيرة في الدراسات المتعلقة بحساب الجرعة الاشعاعية. حسب عامل تراكم اشعة الكبح لاسماك مختلفة من الماء والكونكريت والالمنيوم والقصدير والرصاص لمصدر السترونتيوم/ اتريوم 90Sr/90Y لانتاج اشعة بيتا بطاقة عظمى مقدارها 2.2 مليون الكترون فولت، وقد تم ذلك من خلال تصميم وتنفيذ برنامج حاسوبي للمحاكاة اطلقنا عليه تسمية "BBF" لتمثيل حلول المسائل التقليدية (الكلاسيكية) لانعكاسات وعبور اشعة الكبح. حيث يتظمن البرنامج دوال لمتابعة حياة او مسيرة الفوتونات نظريا باعتبار نظرية الاحتمالات التي تصف السلوك الحقيقي للفوتونات. في هذا البحث تم دراسة عدد من المعاملات المتعلقة بتصميم البرنامج والمسماة بعوامل المحاكاة وكذلك دراسة المعاملات المتعلقة بمادة الدرع والمسماة بالعوامل الفيزيائية.تم حساب عامل تراكم اشعة الكبح لدرع مفرد ودلت نتائج المحاكاة على ما يلي : • يتزايد عامل التراكم لاشعة الكبح مع زيادة سمك الدرع.• عامل تراكم اشعة الكبح للدروع ذات العدد الذري الواطئ اقل منها في الدروع ذات العدد الذري العالي لنفس طاقة المصدر.• تم استنتاج علاقة شبه تجريبية لعامل تراكم اشعة الكبح كدالة لكل من العدد الذري Z والسمك X لمادة الدرع كالاتي : BBUF = 1 + (a1 Z + a2) X ( a3 Z + a4 ) حيث a4, a3, a2, a1 هي معاملات الملائمة وتعتمد على التوزيع الطاقي لاشعة الكبح. لمصدر كبح السترونتيوم / اتريوم فان قيم هذه المعاملات هي : a1 = 0.0007, a2 = 0.0022, a3 = 0.0072, a4 = 0.4204 | The Monte Carlo simulation method has been applied to generate the first data for bremsstrahlung buildup factor (BBUF) produced by the complete absorption of beta particles in different materials. The bremsstrahlung buildup factor was computed by the present method for different thicknesses of water, concrete, aluminum, tin and lead at the maximum bremsstrahlung energy of 2.2 MeV for 90Sr/90Y beta source. A computer program “BBF” was designed and improved to perform the calculations which solve the classical problem of a gamma ray reflection and transmission, the basic idea of this program is to create a series of life histories of the source particles using random sampling technique to sample the probability laws that describe the real particle’s behaviour, and to trace out the particle’s random walk’ through the medium. The effect of some considered parameters like the simulation parameters and physical parameters were studied. The bremsstrahlung buildup factor has been calculated for single layer shield. The simulation results indicate the following remarks : • The bremsstrahlung buildup factor increases with the increase of thickness of the shield. • The bremsstrahlung buildup factor for low atomic number material is lower than that for a high atomic number material at the same source energy.• The relation between the bremsstrahlung buildup factor BBUF with the atomic number Z and thickness X of the shielding material is suggested to follow the semi - empirical formula : BBUF = 1 + (a1 Z + a2) X (a3 Z + a4)where a1, a2, a3 and a4 are fitting parameters depends on the bremsstrahlung energy distribution. For 90Sr/90Y bremsstrahlung, these parameters are : a1 = 0.0007, a2 = 0.0022, a3 = 0.0072 and a4 = 0.4204

Author name: فاضل عبد العباس علي السهلاني

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Doctorate

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تم بناء تصميم متكامل بمساعدة الحاســــــــوب وباســـتخدام الطرق الامثلـــــــية لمنظومة بصــــرية ايونيــة ، وذلك بدمــــج طريقة البرمجة الديناميكية مــــــع طريقة تقنية الذكاء الاصطناعى.فقد تم الحصول على معامــــــلات الزيوغ النســـــبية الكروية واللونية اســــــــتنادا الى معامـــل الهــــــيـئة للمنظومات البصرية المثلى ، وحســـــــــب الاتى : ا. تصميم عدســـة مفردة ( كهربائية ومغناطيســــية).ب‌. تصميم منظومة بصرية مكونة من عدســتين كهربائيتين.ت‌. تصميم منظومة بصرية مكونة من ثلاث عدسات كهربائيات.ث‌. تصميم منظومة بصرية مختلطة العدسات (كهربائية ومغناطيســــية).كذلك تم تصميم اربعة انواع من العدسات الكهروستاتيكية مع نموذج لعدســة مغناطيســــية لاصــغر زيوغ بصرية ( المرتبة البصرية الاولى والثالثة) ، حيث تم اعادة بناء الاقطاب الكهربائية والمغناطيسية ثم رسمها لبعدين وثلاث ابعاد ببرنامج المحاكاة (SIMION(7 ، وبالاعتماد على قاعدة البيانات المخزونة (قاعدة المعرفة).هذه العدسات هى كما ياتى : • عدســة احادية الجهد (1) فى نمط التباطىء .• عدســة احادية الجهد (2) فى نمط التعجيل .• عدســة مغمــــورة.• عدســة الحاجــــــز.• عدســة مغناطيســــــية (1). تـــــم تصميم وكتابـــة الحزمة البرمجية بلغة الجافا منظومة الخبير (JESS) والبيســــــــك المرئى النســـــخة السادســـة (VB 6) اســتوديو ، وذلك للتحليل والحصول على حسابات الامثلية الكاملة للمنظومة البصرية الايونية.حيث تم تســمية تلك الحزمة CADION .ايضا تم استخدام توزيع الجهد المحورى الامثل لكلا المجالين الكهروستاتيكى والمغناطيسى ، بالاعتماد على الشـــــروط المحددة لبناء وتركيب العمود البصرى المكون من عدســـتين وثلاث عدسات ومختلط العدسات. تـــم حساب حجم البقعة لقياسات النانومتر وتم الحصول على قيم تقترب الى (3.0) نانومتر المســـــــــتخدمة فى تطبيقات تقنية النانومتر. وكذلك تــم اقتراح تعاريف ومفردات لبصريات الجســـيمات المشــــحونة باعتبار بعض النتائج محققة لعلاقة شـــــــبيهة بمدا اللادقـــــة. | A complete computer aided design (CAD) by using optimization methods for the ion optical systems have been developed, by mixing the dynamic programming procedure and artificial intelligence technique. The relative spherical and chromatic aberrations coefficients were obtained according to figure of merit for the following optimized optical systems : a. Single - lens design (electrostatic and magnetic). b. Two - lens system consists of two electrostatic lenses. c. Three - lens system consists of three electrostatic lenses.d. Multi - lens system (electrostatic and magnetic).Four types of electrostatic lenses and a magnetic lens model were designed as small as possible of optical properties (i.e. the first and third optical properties), and reconstructions of electrodes and pole pieces were plotted in two and three dimensions graphics by using SIMION 7.0 simulator depending on the stored database (i.e. knowledge base).These lenses are as follows : • Unipotential lens 1 (operated in deceleration mode).• Unipotential lens 2 (operated in acceleration mode).• Immersion lens.• Diaphragm lens.• Magnetic lens. Present software has been designed and written in Java expert system shell (JESS) and Visual Basic 6 (VB6) for optimizing and analyzing full calculation processes, it has called CADION package. The optimized axial potential distributions for both electrostatic and magnetic fields according to the constraints have been used in the optical column setup, which are two - lens system, three - lens system and multi - lens system. Spot size measurements were calculated in nano scales, which have values closed to (3.0) nm applicable in nano technology applications used in lithographic systems. Also, the present work has been suggested definitions and abbreviations in charged particle optics to be consider some of the results, as a verification of the uncertainty principle relationship like

Author name: صفاء عبد الستار عودة القيسي

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Nuclear and Environmental Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: اجري بحث حاسوبي لتصميم منظومه بصريه باربع عدسات شيئيه باستخدام برنامج ZEMAX وكذلك دراسة ملائمة بعض المواد(Si, Ge, AMTIR - 1, KRS - 5, ZnSe) التي تعمل ضمن منطقة الاشعه تحت الحمراء (3.2 - 4.2 μm) لعناصر المنظومه البصريه المصممه. اجريت عملية تحقيق الامثليه لايجاد بعض الخصائص البصريه والموصفات التصحيحيه الاكثر تفضيلا من حيث نمط الحيود وحجم البقعه الصوريه الناتجه وكذلك حجم وشكل المنظومه. ان النتائج الحاسوبيه التي تم الحصول عليهابواسطة برنامج ZEMAX اظهرت امكانية استخدام المواد المذكوره ضمن حدود صفاتها البصريه المتمثله بالابعاد البؤريه والزيوغ الكروي وتوزيع الشده والطاقه نسبة للمنظومه والصور المتكونه عند منطقة التحسس. تم اجراء مقارنه للنتائج مع التي حسبت بواسطة برنامج Visual Basic وظهر توافقا عاليا بينهما. ان مواصفات الانظمه البصريه التي قدمت في البحث الحالي قابل للتنفيذ عمليا. | A computational investigation in the present work has been used to design optical system (Four Elements Objective Lens) to show the suitability of some infrared materials (Si, Ge, AMTIR1, KRS - 5, and ZnSe) for the elements of optical designs with aid of ZEMAX package. Optimization process using merit function has been conducted to determine the must favorable optical properties (diffraction, aberration, size of spot, and size and shape of the system). Such designs have been operated in the middle infrared region of spectrum 3.2 - 4.2 μm. The computations obtained by the ZEMAX package shows the performance of those infrared materials through the parameters, focal length, back focal length, f - number, numerical aperture, field of view, Seidel sum for spherical aberration, intensity distribution and fraction encircled energy of the systems and images projected in the detection area. The results have been compared with those obtained with aid of Visual Basic program where a high degree of agreement has been found. The specifications of the optical systems that have been put forward in present investigation can be practically realized

Author name: غفران عبد علي

Supervisor name: سعد ناجي عبود

General topic: Physics

Specific topic: Physics

Degree: Master

University: Al-Nahrain University - College Of Science - Physics Department

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The nuclear structure and electromagnetic transitions of even - even neutronrich 120 - 148Ba isotopes was studied in the framework of the collective models Interacting Boson Model (IBM - 1 and IBM - 2) and Dynamic Deformation Model (DDM). The reduced transition probabilities B(E2), B(M1), monopole matrix element  (E0) , mixing ratio  (E2/M1) and X(E0/ E2) of these isotopes was calculated. A set of parameters was used in the calculation to approach the values with the measured data. It was pointed out that Interacting Boson Model (IBM - 1 and IBM - 2) are equitably reliable for the description of spectra and other nuclear properties. It was found that there is a rapid transition between spherical and rotational shapes. In this work, we depend on new methods to evaluate the effective charges for proton and neutron boson ( )  e and ( )  e , and new method to calculate the gyromagnetic ratio for proton boson ( )  g and ( )  g .Mixed symmetry states are also studied. It is found that some of the mixed symmetry states with moderate high spins change very fast with respect to the Majorana interaction. Under certain conditions, they become the yrast state or yrare state. These states are difficult to decay and become very stable. This study suggests that a possible new mode of isomers may exist due to the special nature in their proton and neutron degrees of freedom for these isotopes. The mixed - symmetry 2 , 3  2 , 4    1 3 and 1 ,  states or at least a fragment of it have been identified in Ba isotopes. This enables us to trace the evolution of the onephonon and two - phonon states in the even - even barium isotopic chain from the γ - soft nuclei near N = 82 to the deformed nuclei towards mid - shell. The Dynamic Deformation Model (DDM) of Kumar and Baranger is employed for studying variations of the nuclear structure of light 120 - 140Ba isotopes. The potential energy surface parameters have been calculated and the low - lyingn levels spectrum is predicted along with the static and transition E2 moments.Comparison with experiment data and with other theories supports the validity of our treatment.The recent developments of the dynamic deformation model (DDM) make it readily applicable to a wide range of nuclei in periodic table. We study of the even - mass barium isotopes from N= 64 to the closed neutron shell at N= 84. Within this region there is experimental evidence for nuclei with the characteristics of vibrational, rotational or  soft level sequences. We show that the DDM model is well able to account for these features as typified by energy levels, electric quadrupole moments and gamma transition probabilities across this region when the only parameter which changes is the neutron number. For comparison the experimental data were also fitted to IBM - 2 and the results from these fits are in general in good agreement with those from the DDM.Supervisor Certification We certify that this thesis entitled ''Structure Evolution in the even - even Ba nuclei with IBM'' was prepared under our supervision at the University of Al - Nahrain Collage of Science Department of Physics, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of science in physics.