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دور العوامل الجغرافية في زراعة اشجار الفاكهة في ناحية الحسينية - محافظة كربلاء == The Role of geographical factors in the cultiration of fruit trees in husseiniya / karbala Govermorate hard

Author name: اشواق عبد الكاظم ارحيم علي الكناني
Supervisor name: رياض محمد علي عودة المسعودي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Applied Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-The-Role-of-geographical-factors-in-the-cultiration-of-fruit-trees-in-husseiniya-karbala-Govermorate-hard-.pdf.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: This study aim at investigating the role of geographical factors (physical - human - and environmental)in the culture and production of orchard crops in the land on Al - Husseiniya.The researcher relied on the premise that the geographical factors have a great role in the decline of the production of orchard crops in the area of study .in addition to the impact of environment factors on the deterioration of agriculture of orchard crops.The physical factors have been studied : they include (location .geological composition . surface .climate. water resources .and soil) in the area of study.cultivating drainage system .The study has diagnosed the impact of some climate factors in the decline of the production of orchard crops and the deterioration of their quality .in addition to low rain ratio and its fluctuation as some farmes in the area depend on ground water and drainage system water for the lack of surface water. Moreover sample were taken from ground water wells.the first sample was from Al - Farashiya region the second was from Al - Jankana region in order to investigate their physical and chemical properties .It appeared that salt rate was high in the ground water .Sample were also collected from Al - Razaza drainage water which proved to be inadequate for irrigating crops.The most salient conclusion the study has arrived at is that human factor have a big role in the reduction of crop production and the dividing the property of agricultural premises is the worst in its effect on agricultural land .this factor results from two reasons. The first is the heritage system and land division to distribute it among familynumbers .The second reason is land owners desire to divide the land for selling it as residential plots to make an income that is considered higher than that which comes from farming .This results in the decrease of the size of agricultural land which leads to the reduction of government support as this support is in the form of providing agricultural equipment (like fertilizers.seeds.pesticides.and machinery) to encourage formers to practice agriculture .While the fact is that government had no tangible role in that . The study has also pointed to the importance of environmental factors which include pests and damages to stored crops is considered the worst past that attacks palm trees in the region of the study while is the most dangerous to citrus and fruit trees in addition to weeds and rodents .The study also includes the challenges that face the cultivation of orchard crops and the future directions to develop crops cultivation in the Ares through suggesting aappropriate solutions

التباين المكاني للتلوث الضوضائي في مدينة كربلاء المقدسة == Spatial Incongruity of Noise Pollution In the Holy City of Kerbala

Author name: فرقان محمد عبد المجيد النصراوي
Supervisor name: سلمى عبد الرزاق عبد لايذ الشبلاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Human Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Kerbala - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Applied Geography
Language: Arabic
Full text from the source: https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Rp-Spatial-Incongruity-of-Noise-Pollution-In-the-Holy-City-of-Kerbala.pdf
University location: Karbala
First pages:
Abstract: Noise is a problem from which civilized cities suffer, including the Holy City of Kerbala. It is an issue that has a considerable impact on life style. With the increase of this problem in the city the population has turned obsessed with it. The current study has been dedicated to a one year investigation that lasted from 15th October, 2017 to 15th September, 2018. It is a comprehensive study for all sources of noise and their spatial distribution. What distinguishes this study is the use of up - to - date technology; the most precise sound level meters of international origins have been used, the most up - to - date versions of computer applications (Arc Map 10.5), (Arc Catalog 10.5), and (Arc Scene 10.5) in mapping have been used, in addition to the use of GPS apparatus and other modern technologies.Chapter one presents the theoretical framework including the definition of the phenomenon subject to study. This is followed by a geographical division of the city into four noise territories, these territories have been categorized into two groups that highlight each other. By this method the city districts in which noise pollution concentrates have been specified, the noise range among the territories has been calculated according to international sound level meters recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in their program known as (UNEP) and this is discussed in chapter two. In chapter three noise sources have been specified and neutralized. The researcher recognized seventeen major and minor noise sources in the Holy City of Kerbala, the sources have then been categorized into several types , each type was discussed in details including spatial distribution on the map and the intensity of each noise source.The researcher arrived at the conclusion that certain noise sources are concentrated in certain geographical zones while others are spread all over the city.Noise leaves sever environmental impacts on the population. It affects the individuals' general health, their performance and productivity levels, as well as the mental concentration level of employees and students. This aspect Bhas been revealed in chapter four, supported by experiments and field tests under the supervision of experts in environment and educational psychology.The results of these tests have been analyzed using very precise scientific statistical methods, then the researcher presented the results arrived at about this negative phenomenon that has turned into a concern for the majority of the city population.The study concludes that the three noise levels in the Holy City of Kerbala exceed the environmental level allowed in residential areas by the World Health Organization (WHO) and that the city is highly noisecontaminated.Recommendations have been presented to experts to work on eliminating or at least reducing the intensity of this phenomenon with its several negative impacts.
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