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عقد بيع العقار قيد الانشاء : دراسة مقارنة == The contract of sale of the property under construction : a comparative study

Author name: اسماء باقر محمد محسن
Supervisor name: هيلان عدنان احمد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

عقد ايواء السيارات : دراسة مقارنة == Automobile Accommodation Contract : Comparative study

Author name: نور صبحي عزيز
Supervisor name: مها نصيف جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المصارف الشاملة : دراسة مقارنة == COMPREHENSIVE BANKS (Comparative study)

Author name: منال عادل راضي خشان
Supervisor name: علي فوزي ابراهيم الموسوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اختلال التوازن في عقد الايجار ومعالجته : دراسة مقارنة == Imbalance in the lease contract and its treatment (A comparative study)

Author name: علي عبد الحميد يونس
Supervisor name: هيلان عدنان احمد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

حجز ما للمدين لدى الغير == Seizure of The Debtor's Funds At A Third Parties

Author name: حسام الدين عادل سعيد
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

عقود الشتغيل المشترك في القانون الدولي الخاص : دراسة مقارنة == Joint operating contracts in private international law : Comparative study

Author name: حسين علوان رشيد
Supervisor name: بشير جمعة عبد الجبار
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الرقابة القانونية على شركات الوساطة الاجنبية == Legal supervision of foreign intermediation companies

Author name: فيصل عدنان عكال
Supervisor name: ضرغام محمود كاظم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التنظيم القانوني للعقود التلقائية : دراسة مقارنة == Legal regulation of automatic contracts A comparative study

Author name: فرح كريم فرطوس حاتم
Supervisor name: حسن فضالة موسى
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Karbala
First pages:

التنظيم القانوني للخدمات المصرفية عبر الهاتف المحمول : دراسة مقارنة == Legal regulation of mobile banking services (A comparative study)

Author name: خلدون حيدر سلطان
Supervisor name: صفاء تقي عبد نور العيساوي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التنظيم القانوني لنشاط التطوير العقاري : دراسة مقارنة == The legal regulations of the real-estate development activity : Comparative study

Author name: هبة عباس نجم
Supervisor name: مها نصيف جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخيارات الارادية في القانون المدني العراقي == The voluntary options in the Iraqi civil law

Author name: عبد الرحمن نور الدين ادهم
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

انهاء عقد المقاولة بالارادة المنفردة == Termination of the contracting by unilateral will

Author name: بسام فلاح جسام
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الزام الشركات بالادراج في سوق الاوراق المالية : شركات الاتصالات انموذجا == Companies' Commitment To Listing On The Stock Market (Telecommunications Companies Model)

Author name: ديار حمود علي
Supervisor name: اسراء خضر خليل العبيدي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني للاصناف الزراعية : دراسة مقارنة == THE LEGAL SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL VARIETIES (COMPARATIVE STUDY)

Author name: ضحى هاشم داود
Supervisor name: حســن فضالـة موسـى
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التنظيم القانوني لشركة ضمان الودائع المصرفية == Legal Regulation Of The Bank Deposit Guarantee Company

Author name: موسى حسين كاظم مهدي
Supervisor name: اسراء خضر العبيدي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اعادة تاهيل شركات التامين المتعثرة : دراسة مقارنة == Rehabilitation Of Insurance Companies acomparative study)

Author name: غسان قحطان خلف علي
Supervisor name: اسراء خضر خليل العبيدي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

موانع تطبيق احكام التحكيم التجاري في اطار العلاقات الدولية الخاصة : دراسة مقارنة == Obstacles to applying commercial arbitration provisions in the context of private international relations (Comparative study)

Author name: دينا خضير عبد حمادي
Supervisor name: حسن فضالة موسى التميمي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

هلاك المــرهون واثاره الـقانـونـية == MORTGAGED PERDITION AND ITS LEGAL EFFECTS

Author name: علي حميد جلوب هويرف
Supervisor name: سفانه سمير حميد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

القواعد البديلة في حكم عقود التجارة الالكترونية : دراسة في نطاق القانون الدولي الخاص == The Alternative Rules In Electronic Commerce Contract Rules : Study in the Scope of Private International Law

Author name: عمار زكي رفيق
Supervisor name: بشير جمعة عبد الجبار
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • تعريف عقد التجارة الالكترونية
  • تعريف التجارة الالكترونية
  • تعريف العقد الالكتروني
  • خصائص عقد التجارة الالكترونية
  • الطبيعة القانونية لعقد التجارة الالكترونية
  • امكانية التعبير الالكتروني عن الارادة
  • زمان ومكان ابرام عقد التجارة الالكترونية
  • زمان ابرام عقد التجارة الالكترونية
  • مكان ابرام عقد التجارة الالكترونية
  • جهود لجنة الامم المتحدة للقانون التجاري الدولي (UNICITRAL)
  • جهود منظمة التجارة العالمية (WTO)

الانحباس المنشئ لحق المرور : دراسة مقارنة == The obstruction originator right of passage A comparative study

Author name: علي ياسين لعيبي
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

النظام القانوني لعقد اجارة الخزائن في القانون العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == The Legal System for the lease of safes contract in Iraqi Law (Comparative Study

Author name: خميس علاوي بدن
Supervisor name: مها نصيف جاسم اللهيبي
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

ضمان ســلامة المــلاحة الجوية فــــــي القانون العـــراقي == Ensuring The Safety of Air Navigation in Iraq Law

Author name: سمـــير داود عــبد
Supervisor name: فاروق ابراهيم جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تساهم الملاحة الجوية بدور فعال في التطور الاقتصادي والاجتماعي للدول، وذلك بتذليلها المسافات الشاسعة في مدة زمنية قصيرة تحققه الطائرة باعتبارهواسيلة نقل اساسية في الطيران المدني والتجاري ومظهرا بارزا لمدى تطور صناعة الطيران، وامام استئثار الطائرة بالسرعة الفائقة في نقل الاشخاص والبضائع تعجز عن توفيره وسائل نقل اخرى، كان لا بد من تنظيم اليات معينة لضمان سلامتهواسلامة من فيها من ركاب وبضائع، لذلك سعت الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية ومنها التشريع الوطني العراقي، الى التركيز على العديد من الجوانب المهمة التي تعنى بسلامة الملاحة الجوية، ومنهواجوب حصول الطائرات على شهادة صلاحية للطيران صادرة عن دولة تسجيل الطائرة لمعرفة مدى امتثالها للمتطلبات الاساسية الواجب توفرها في الطائرة، اذ تعتبر هذه الشهادة حجر الاساس في ضمان سلامة الملاحة الجوية. فضلا عن ذلك ما تشترطه الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية على ضرورة توافر شروط معينة في الطاقم الجوي الذي يعمل على متن الطائرة، من خلال حصولهم على شهادات واجازات تمنح وفقا لمعايير دولية معينة، تؤكد كفاءتهم، وصلاحيتهم، ومقدرتهم على تشغيل الطائرة واتمام الرحلة الجوية بامن وسلامة، ونظرا لطبيعة البيئة التي تعمل فيها الطائرة وهي الفضاء الجوي، وبعدها عن سطح الارض وعن الرقابة المباشرة لسلطات الدولة عليها اثناء الرحلة الجوية، كان لا بد من وجود سلطة تعمل على حفظ النظام في الطائرة، لذلك منحت هذه الاتفاقيات والتشريعات الوطنية سلطات واسعة لقائد الطائرة، فهو الذي يتولى مهمة قيادة الطائرة، والاشراف على الطاقم الذي يتولى تنفيذ المهام الفنية، والخدمية اللازمة لعمل الطائرة في الفضاء، وله سلطة الاشراف على الركاب واتخاذ القرارات الملائمة اذا ما تعرضت الطائرة لظروف طارئة. ومن الجوانب الاخرى التي سعت الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية الى تنظيمها، هو ضرورة وجود اشخاص تعمل على تحقيق الفصل بين الطائرات وتحافظ على تسهيل وانتظام تدفق المرور الجوي وتزويد قائد الطائرة بالخدمات، والمعلومات اللازمة لسلامة الرحلة الجوية، ويعرف هؤلاء الاشخاص بمراقبي الحركة الجوية، لذلك حاولنا في بحثنا هذا تسليط الضوء على اهم الشروط الواجب توفرها فيهم والواجبات الملقاة على عاتقهم | Air navigation plays an active role in the economic and social development of states by overcoming the vast distances in a short period of time achieved by aircraft as a basic transport vehicle in civil and commercial aviation and a significant manifestation of the evolution of the aviation industry, and the rapid capture of the aircraft in the transport of persons and goods which is unable to be provided by other means of transport, certain mechanisms have had to be organized to ensure their safety and the safety of passengers and cargo. International conventions and national legislation, including Iraqi national legislation, have therefore sought to focus on many important aspects which is concerned with the safety of air navigation, including the fact that aircraft must obtain a certificate of airworthiness issued by the state of registry of the aircraft to determine compliance with the requirements essential to be provided on the aircraft, which is a cornerstone in ensuring the safety of air navigation, In addition to what is required by the conventions international and national legislation on the need for certain conditions in the air crew working on board, by obtaining certificates and license granted in accordance with certain international standards, confirming their competence, their suitability and ability to operate the aircraft and to complete the flight safely, with regard to the nature of the environment in which the aircraft operates, the airspace, and the far - distance from the surface of the earth and from the direct control of the state authorities during the flight, there must be an authority to maintain order in the aircraft, so these conventions and national legislation have given broad powers to the pilot of the aircraft, who is responsible for the task of commanding the aircraft, supervising the crew that implements the technical and service tasks required for the operation of the aircraft in space, and has the authority to supervise passengers and make appropriate decisions if the aircraft is exposed to emergency conditions. Other aspects that international conventions and national legislation have sought to regulate are the need for persons working to achieve the separation of aircraft it shall maintain the facilitation and regularity of the flow of air traffic and provide the commander of the aircraft with the services and information necessary for the safety of the flight, and shall identify such people with air traffic controllers, so in our search, we have tried to highlight the most important conditions that must be met and the duties incumbent upon them.

النظام القانوني لعقد بناء السفينة == Legal regime of shipbuilding contract

Author name: نور حسين علي
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد | فاروق ابراهيم جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Civil Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The ship is one of the most important means of transport in recent times, as it plays an active role in the field of transport of various go Sea transport by the years takes the most part in the field of international trade. This extensive use of the vessel has resulted in the creation of written and customary rules of law relating to the different aspects of the ship, Whether in its construction, lease or sea voyage. Various aspects of these aspects have been studied and some have been regulated. However, the aspect that did not take part of the legal organization and the jurisprudential studies is the aspect related to the contract of construction of the ship. And increase the importance of research on this subject in Iraqi law because of the lack of regulation of these rules in Iraq.Hence the importance of this study in the elaboration of the legal provisions for the contract of building the ship. The subject has been addressed through three chapters , In view of these developments, we have decided to discuss the contract for the construction of the vessel, which has not been dealt with by our Iraqi legislator until nowWe have started the subject with a statement about the contract of building the ship by looking at the definition of this contract by looking at the images of its construction. We also identified the current method and through which the contract was defined and the most important legal characteristics. The nature of this contract and then we discussed the pillars of the contract of construction and all this in the first chapter of the letter. The second chapter of the letter we devoted to discuss theobligations of each of the parties to the contract of building the ship, we discussed the obligations of the builder and there were three main obligations, namely building the ship in a navigable manner and then delivered and finally committed to ensure the hidden defects, The first part of the chapter, the second section we have allocated to the statement of obligations of the second party (student construction). Including the obligation to pay the price and receipt, and then we discussed the penalty imposed on the construction student in the case of one of the obligations imposed on him. In the last chapter of the letter, we discussed the liability of the ship builders by means of the responsibility and the means of payment in the first section and then the penalties incurred by the builder, which is compensation and dissolution in the second section of this chapte Finally, we have included model shipbuilding contracts to be more precise

التفسير التحكيمي لعقد التجارة الدولي == The Arbitral Interpretation of International commercial contract

Author name: احمد رعد عباس
Supervisor name: درع حماد عبد
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Private International Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر التحكيم الدولي القضاء الاكثر شيوعا لحل المنازعات التي تحصل في علاقات تجارية دولية , فمعظم الشركات في الوقت الحاضر لا تبرم عقد الا اذا كان يحتوي على بند تحكيمي , يتم فيه تحديد القانون الذي سوف يطبق على النزاع المعروض واختيارالاجراءات المناسبة لكي يطبقها المحكم , الا ان هذا الوضع هو ليس دائما , فكثير ما يترك الاطراف هذه المسائل دون تنظيم , مما يعني ذلك اثارة اشكال اخر يتعين على المحكم ان يقوم بحله , وهو لا يقوم باختيار الحل المناسب , كاختيار القانون الذي يحكم العقد او اختيار القواعد التفسيرية المناسبة , الا تلك التي تتفق مع النية المشتركة للاطراف , ومع ذلك قد يختار الاطراف قواعد تفسيرية معينة لكي يتم تفسير العقد على اساسها , الا انه فضلا عن ذلك قد لا يتقيد المحكم بها , كما لو كانت هذه القواعد لاتخدم واقع التجارة الدولية كما لو كانت , تؤدي الى ابطال العقد , فيستبعد المحكم القانون الذي يتظمن مثل هذه القواعد , لكي يقوم بتطبيق قانون اخر تكون قواعده اكثر ملائمة مع التجارة الدولية , كما لو كانت القواعد التفسيرية التي استبعدها تؤدي الى ابطال العقد , والعلة التي يستبعد المحكم مثل هذه القواعد التفسيرية , تتمثل بكون عقود التجارة الدولية لاتبرم بسهولة , وانما تسبقها مفاوضات وجلسات متعددة بين الاطراف , مما يعني نفقات ومصاريف تنفق على العقد قبل ابرامه , كما ان اعادة البضائع مثلا نتيجة بطلان العقد يكون ايضا مكلفا وقد يؤدي ذلك الى تلفها , فيستحسن المحكم ان يستبعد مثل هذه القواعد , ليطبق قواعد اخرى تحكم بصحة العقد , ومن جانب اخر قد لا تؤدي القواعد التي اختارها الاطراف الى ابطال العقد, وانما تكون قاصرة عن تفسير كل بنود العقد , فيمكن للمحكم ان يقوم باستبعادها لكي يقوم بتطبيق قواعد تفسيرية لقانون اخر, يكون بامكانها فهم هذه البنود العقدية , ولا بد من الاشارة الى ان سلطة المحكم في تفسير العقد لا تقتصر على جزء واحد منه , وانما تشمل العقد في جميع جوانبه , منذ صدور الايجاب ومدى اعتباره ايجاب ام لا, الى تنفيذ العقد وهل تحقق اخلال نتيجة لتنفيذ العقد؟ , وما هي درجة الاخلال ؟ , انتهاء الى النتائج والاثار التي يرتبها ذلك الاخلال , كل ذلك يكون محل تفسير للمحكم , ويكون له الكلمة الفصل فيه , كما لو حصل تغير في ظروف العقد او تحقق ارهاق لدى احد الاطراف , فما هو المعيار الذي سوف يتخذ على اساسه تحقق الارهاق, فان تحقق هذا الارهاق او تغير الظروف يدخل تحت سلطة المحكم ومدى تفسيره لهذه الظروف لكي تعتبر قد حققت ارهاقا . | Arbitration is considered as the best way to solve the disputes arising in the international commercial relations. Currently , most companies do not inter into international commercial contracts, unless they contains arbitration terms. Those terms , mostly , denote to the applicable substantive and procedural law chosen by the parties for the contract. However, this is not always the case. Some times the parties don not mention the applicable laws and leave that to the arbitral tribunal. In this case , arbitral tribunal has the discretion to chose the applicable law and the interpretative rules of the contract , but its discretion is restricted by the intention of the parties. Parties intention, as a restriction on the arbitral tribunal discretion, does not take in consideration if it leads to a law or an interpretative rules that do not comply with the nature of international commercial. For example , if the intention of the parties directed to apply a rule which lead to invalidity of the contact , the arbitral tribunal can leave this intended rule and choose another rule which lead to the validity of the contract. The reason behind granting such a discretion to the arbitrator is the special nature of the international commercial contracts concern the complexity of the conclusion and the performance of such contracts. To conclude the International commercial contracts there must be a long and complex negotiations holding by many parties and sessions which need high expenses, as for the invalidity of the contract it may lead to unprepared damage. In such cases it preferred that the arbitrator exclude the intended rules and choose another rules to save the contract. On the other hand, the chosen rules, sometimes , do no not efficient to interpret the whole terms of the contract, which force the arbitrator to apply interpretative rules from another law which can fill the gap in the chosen legal rules. It is to be mention that the authority of the arbitrator in the aspects of the interpretation of the contract does not limited to one part of it , but increase to the whole contract in all its stages starting from the offer and its conditions to be considered as an offer through the performance of the contract, the breach of the contract , to the results and consequences of that breach

النظام القانوني للاسهم او المقدمات العينية == The Legal System of Stock or Introduction In Kind

Author name: قتيبة فرحان عويد
Supervisor name: فاروق ابراهيم جاسم
General topic: Law
Specific topic: Commercial Law
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Stock means or introductions in kind as non - cash funds are cash, are offered by one of the founders or by them all in Exchange for a number of cash equity value that they own in the company's capital contribution, these funds are the basis upon which to establish the company and Increase its capital and return those shares is not without flaws are increasing valued this increase are fake no basis to exist, which lead to an unreal picture of the company's capital contribution, thus fooling the audience underwriters , As well as different corporate laws in, determining the basis upon which the founders in their behaviour during the establishment stage, for example specifying a time share ownership transfer in kind to the company owes the contribution still lacked legal authority in her actions, because it is still in the making, but Stock - inkind discriminates from the rest of the other stocks as exceptional and only submitted to company founders, and do not expose to the public offering, which announced the founders as well as they are subject to legal organization assessment procedures for determining monetary value represented in the company's capital contribution. A number of conditions stipulated by the Iraqi legislature in corporate law in force 21 of 1997 amended by order number 64 of 2004 by the Coalition Provisional Authority, presumably achieved when making stock or deposits in kind including limitation on the founders and that during Foundation, as well as the principle should be accountable; they are often offered for sale, transferred to the custody of the company contributing with not allowing the author asked to enter company edema, and other conditions must be fit for the company to achieve its goals, and pain Shared within the legally permitted for subscribe, It follows the stock offering in kind among the legal consequences, including being subject to several stages in their assessment, So it need to a Committee to assess the value of the shares or deposits in kind, but this is not definitive, since the Commission must present a report at the founding meeting of the joint stock company When the vote on the draft joint stock company establishment procedures, a report prepared by the Commission, founding members are also subject to Commission legal question in case their manipulation in stock value inkind, that provided most of the legal.
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