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مدينة غزنة : دراسة جغرافية تاريخية (334 - 617 هـ / 945 - 1220م) == Ghazni City Historical Geography Study (334 - 617 AH / 945 - 1220 AD)

Author name: علي عبد المحسن راشد
Supervisor name: ناجي حسن هادي الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study of cities in the Islamic countries gains a great benefit as it demonstrates their roles and effects on all fields of life, such as religious, political, social or scientific and shows their statues in the world. Studying cities lately in the twentieth century interested researchers who thoroughly studied cities typography and their architecture buildings which help finding out other aspects of the cities and their development.Therefore the researcher opted to study the city Ghazni by a study entitled (Ghazni City : A Geo - Historical Study 334 H/617 AD). The study covers the city geographically, historically, politically and scientifically. The reason behind choosing Ghazni, which was among the first cities conquered by pioneer men of Islam, is its importance because of : 1 - It's important location in the Islamic eastern part, Sajistan in Afghanistan which borders India. From Ghazni Muslims launched their conquests towards the region of Sind and the other parts of India. Ghaznavids had the greatest role in spreading Islam to India launching their conquests from Ghazni, until the Ghurids came and concluded the conquests and stabilized the foundations of Islam there.2 - Being a juncture of trade roads among the cities of Khorasan and Persia and the cities of Sajistan and India. It was prosperous in trade and its citizens were wealthy.3 - Its role in science and the contributions of Ghaznavids in enriching Islamic sciences and spreading Islamic civilization in India.It is worth mentioning that the researcher encountered difficulty in finding resources, particularly Persian one that deal with Ghazni. However, this didn't hinder the researcher from fulfilling this study. The study is divided into three chapters as well as appendices. Chapter one is a geographic study to the city of Ghazni; its location, borders and cities surrounding it as well as its economic activities, social sects, plans and the most prominent civilization sites and villages.Chapter two discusses with the political life of the city of Ghazni. It shows the political situation in the city in (334H/617AD) and the nations ruled it; Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Khawarismis, as well as mentioning the nature of power of each nation, the transition of poweramong these nations, how did they took power, reasons behind this, and fall of each and the reasons, Sultans and Emirs who ruled it.Chapter three discusses the scientific situation of Ghazni, the embrace of scientists by Sultans. It also mentions teaching centers and sciences studied in Ghazni whether intellectual or material as well as scientists.In the conclusion the researcher includes what outcomes the study has arrived at.
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المستشرق الاسباني ميغيل اسين بلاثيوس (1871 - 1944) وجهوده في التراث الاسلامي == Spanish Orientalist Miguel Asin Palacios' And His Efforts Of Islamic Heritage

Author name: ضياء ماجد حسن العبودي
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: A study of the orientalist's , Miguel As?n Palacios, efforts for Islamic heritage is of vital significance that needs a more investigative attention which can explore the privilege of this scholar in Islamic and Arabic studies. His theses and views, with reference to his presentation of Islamic outstanding scholars and their efficient role and contributions, his introduction of the active chemistry between Islam and Christianity, and his introduction of medieval Arabic and modern Spanish, are highly appreciated and influential. Chapter one, titled "The Inception of Spanish Orientalism untill Miguel As?n Palacios", is divided into two sections; section one introduces the early stages of Spanish orientalism and its peculiarities compared to European attempts, while section two is devoted to Miguel As?n Palacios with reference to his early life and study in Zaragoza, Arag?n, besides his professors; Francisco Codera and Juli?n Ribera. Chapter two, titled "Miguel As?n Palacios's Studies of Islamic Prominent Scholars and Scientists", is divided into two sections; section one introduces his studies of logic and Islamic theology highlighting the principles of Islamic doctrines in Al - Ghazali, Ibn Hazm and Ibn Tamlous's works.Whereas section two studies prominent Islamic philosophers like Ibn Bajah, Ibn AlUraif, and Ibn Asayed. Ibn Bajah, who is the forerunner among his contemporary philosophers, has been studied extensively by Palacios who has published Ibn Bajah's "Mahassen AlMajales". At the end of this chapter, Ibn Asayed is studied by Palacios who has published his book "AlHadaaiq". Chapter three, titled" The Beginning of Sufism in Andalusia", spotlights on what Palacios has written on Ibn Masarra of C?rdoba and his school shedding lights on Palacios' ideas and views. That is, Palacios' ideas and views of Ibn Masarra and his Sufism school as well as how Ibn Arabi's sufisim impacting greatly Palacios' thinking, are presented. Chapter four, titled "The Influence of Islam on Christianity for Palacios' Thinking", is divided into three sections. Section one examines the relationship between Sadilies Sufism and Spanish Christian Sufism. Section two studies the influence of Israa and Mirraaj story on Divine Comedy by Dante where Palacios has traced back the origin of this work to the Islamic heritage and culture. Section three investigates the impact of Ibn Rushd of C?rdoba on St. Thomas Aquinas. Palacios finds that the Islamic philosophy has an impact on the Dominican sect represented by Thomas Aquinas. Palacios has thoroughly studied the writings of both these philosophers finding that there is a great similarity between their views and theses, and Thomas Aquinas has been greatly affected by Ibn Rushd's views and methodology. In other words, Thomas Aquinas has adopted the Islamic theology originally proposed by Ibn Rushd after the adoption of the Islamic heritage and culture for Christian doctrine of Eastern Church; whereas Dante has not taken a lot from Islamic ideology in his Divine Comedy except for Ibn Arrabi who is considered a Christian orientalist in his views and ideas
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عصر النبوة في مرويات حماد بن زيد البصري (ت179هـ/795م) : دراسة مقارنة مع النصوص المعاصرة

Author name: جعفر ابراهيم عباس ال خاطر الجوراني
Supervisor name: نوال ناظم محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Hammad bin Zaid was one of those who witnessed the marvelous start, which was establishing to an Islamic Arab civilization. The maturity and the rise of this civilization was going hand in hand with the time of Hamad's life span from his birth in ( 98 AH - 716 AD ) until his death in ( 179 AH - 795 AD ). It was the time of the most important events and political changes of that period, which culminated in the fall of the Umayyad dynasty ( 41 - 132 AH / 661 - 749 AD ) , and the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty ( 132 - 656 AH / 749 - 1258 AD ). Hammad did neither take any role in those events, nor had any connection with a Caliph..He had only few meetings with the princes of his city of Basra, where he was born, lived , died and buried. Hammad was the pioneer scholar of the city of Basra, he was a descendent of a well - known knowledgeable family, originally from the captivity of Sajestan city in the Muslim East. Their grandfather was a captive who was owned by the tribe of Alozd Aljhadm, he embraced Islam became a member of them by loyalty until they set him free from slavery and he got a grand position in Basra, Hammad began to learn at the hands of grand scholars and highly knowledgeable people of different prevailing sciences at that period.Then, he became knowledgeable in the different readings and interpretation of the holy Quran and the authentic narrations of the prophet Muhammad (known as hadith). He became a comprehensive scholar followed by many students who became later prominent figures in that city. Hammad learnt all the hadith by heart he did not use to write it although he was able to do so. His students and disciples conveyed about four thousand authentic narrations of the prophet Muhammad (known as hadith), His work enriched several famous books. He was proficient, jurist, pious and a trustworthy scholar who was praised by his contemporaries, elders and disciples. The focus in this thesis is on Hammad's authentic narrations of the prophet Muhammad 's period because of the abundance of his narrations on the other Islamic periods.Then, there is a comparison between his works that are concerned with the prophet's period with the works of other scholars. The faces of the similarities and differences are exposed as far as form and content are concerned to achieve the desired benefit of the research. Towards reaching and investigating about the reason behind the dependence of most sources on the work of Hammad as a base and raw materials at the beginning step of documenting the Islamic history
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كتاب الفتوحات الاسلامية المبكرة للمستشرق الامريكي دونر الفرد ماكجرو : دراسة منهجية نقدية == The Book Of Early Islamic Conquests Of The American Orientalist Fred Mcgraw Donner. Acritical/Methodological Study

Author name: تسالي عطية عذير
Supervisor name: ليث شاكر محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study consists of a preface, introduction and four chapters in addition to the abstract and the bibliography and references in the light of the historical in formation available in the resources and references ,our design to the thesis comes out as follows; the prefac deals with the Contemporay American oriental and the biography of the oriental fred Donner which combines the four sections;The first section;the American mentaliy directions and its relation with East,as l have illustrated how it developed since the exploration and how the first writers took care in their writings whether ,literary ,historical ,of the East.The second section;The American Orientalism and its relation with the lslamic Arab History as l have stated the consideration with the lslamic studies While the third section; combines the most contemporary American Orientasls ,the fourth section talks about the life of the oriental fred Donner and highlights his scientific life.Ln the first chapter l have dealt with Donners methodology in the book of the Early lslmic conquests and it contains two sections; The first section the methodology of Donner in the Early lslamic conquests book stating the contents of the book and how he divides the book.While the second section is a reading in the method and resources of Donner in the book of Early lslamic conquests.While the second chter includes in the message era and has two section; the first is about the early conquests in the messag era discuss civil biography features of peace be upon him and the start of the lslamic invasions.The second section about the lslamic in vasions of Syria in the message era(622AD/1H - 632AD/11H) as it tackle the invasions the prophe (peace be upon him) sent to northern Syria. And the third chapted is all ocated to the lslamic conquest in Syria and combines two sections ;the first is the lslamic conquest in the era of caliphate of Abu bakr (622AD/11H - 632AD/13H)and about sending of the lslamic armies to Abu Bakr and how to choose the conquest leaders and the most important battes. The second section talks abot the lslamic conquest in the era of Caliphate Omar ibn al - Khattab (634AD/13H - 644AD/23H)as he continues the lslamic conquest after the death of caliph Abu bakr as Syria was conquest in his caliphate. Chapter four is the conquesn of lraq and includes two sections; the first section the lslamic conuests in lraq in the caliphate of Abu Bakr (632AD/11H - 634AD/13H)deals with the conquests during the era of caliphate of Abu bakr and compares it with the Arabic and oriental resources. The second section;the lraq conquests in the era of caliphate omar ibn alkattab (634AD/13H - 644AD/23H)and opening the most important area of lraq and Donner highlights in lraq conuest on the most important battles that have an effect in open of lraq
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الرحالة البندقي ماركو بولو (ت725هـ/1324م) ومروياته عن المغول : دراسة في المصادر المغولية والاسلامية == Marco Polo The Venetian Traveller (D.725 H/1324M) And His Narratives On The Mongols A Study In Mongolian And Islamic Sources

Author name: احمد فرطوس حيدر
Supervisor name: مرتضى حسن النقيب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study, which is entitled (The Venetian Traveler Marco Polo, died in 725 H, 1324 AD, and His tales on about the Mongols), discusses the most prominent historical narratives told by this Venetian traveller about Mongols in the middle ages. This traveler, no doubt, gained a prominent fame that none of the European travelers who preceded him acquired. There are two reasons behind this, firstly for the value of the narratives he wrote about Mongols whether it was from historical point of view or reports counties when they were at the summit of their prominence full of wars and unrest, and secondly, for the great impact these historical narratives had on the European thinkers and their societies about Asian Orient in general and specially the Mongol peoples, who quickly turned from tribes fighting each other to conquers of the world. They had conquered half of the world during the seventh Hegira Century, Thirteenth AD. This dissertation is consist of four chapters, introduction, conclusion, plus list of and appendixes a list of Source material. Chapter one discusses the life and time of the traveller Marco Polo beginning with his birth in Venice, and his growing statehood , his famous travel to China and post in the Mongol Royal palace till his departure to Venice and his death in 725H, 1324 AD. Chapter two deals with the social traditions and habits of the Mongols and the countries submitted to them through a contrastive study between Marco Polo's narratives and those of other contemporary sources in this respect concerning all social life of Mongol life. Chapter three is about Marco Polo's narrratives on the Ilkhanid Empire found by Hulagu Khan in the Eastern Islamic territories after the fall of the Abbasid state. This chapter, also, discusses important issues, such as the fall of Baghdad and the death of the Abbasid Caliph "Al - Musta'sim Billah". Chapter four discusses the most important descriptions of countries visited by Marco Polo, including wide parts of the Mongol Empire. The study has concluded the following results : 1 - This study affirmed the authenticity and truth of most narratives mentioned by the traveler Marco Polo about the Mongols, through the corresponding of these stories with approved historical Chinese and Persian sources that documented the news of these peoples, besides the corresponding of material in general, with those of other travelers such as William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta among others, However we affirmed the exaggeration in the description of some of Marco's travels. 2 - Concerning debate by some researchers about the authenticity of Marco's visit to China and his residency there, the study confirmed the authenticity of Marco Polo's visit to China and his residency there for seventeen years. During this period, he enjoyed a special care of the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan. Through a detailed study of Marco Polo's narratives about China, we found out the precision of the description of the historical incidents. He was accurate in describing Mongols and their capital Khanbaliq which precisely corresponding to the stories of the Mongol historians and contemporary travelers who visited China during the era of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.3 - The study reveals that the importance of Marco's narratives about Mongols relies in the fact that they were not only corresponding to those in the Mongol and Islamic sources, but they represent in addition describing a new era of history in which those Mongols and their nomad tribes had the capability to turn from nomades into civilized societies, as they presented a unique system of administration, of which Marco Polo himself was one of this administration. They could mix the 'Yassa', The Mongol code of law created by Genghis Khan, and the laws of other peoples who submitted to them, unlike the common idea known about Mongols in most of other writings, which described the Mongols as murders savage and barbarian tribes.4 - The study, through Marco Polo's narratives, uncovered many various social traditions of peoples forming the Mongol empire, proving the ability of Mongols to deal with conquered peoples and comprehend wide discrepancies and contradictions among various religions, race and ethics with a unique skill and wisdom.5 - Concerning Mongol Shamanism, which was the religion embraced by Mongols, the present study shows first one which contradict Islamic source that materials with religious Shamanism in claim that the origion of that religion dictate in both the worship of one mighty God.
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الخطيب الخوارزمي الموفق بن احمد (ت 568هــ/1172م) موارده ومنهجه في كتابه المناقب == Al - Khateeb Al - Khawarizmi Al - Muwafaq Bin Ahmed ( Dead 568A.H - 1172A.D),His Sources And Method In His Book Al - Manaqib

Author name: احلام لواف صكبان الخفاجي
Supervisor name: طه جميل احمد النعيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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المعاهدات السياسية في تاريخ مصر القديمة == Political Treaties In The History of Ancient Egypt

Author name: فاطمة حسن طارش
Supervisor name: عباس علي عباس الحسيني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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علاقات العراق الاقتصادية مع جمهورية كوريا 1975 - 1991 == Iraq’s Economic Relations With The Republic of Korea (ROK) 1975 - 1991

Author name: غيداق عبد المنعم محمد احمد
Supervisor name: محمود عبد الواحد محمود القيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis is a study of Iraq’s Economic Relations with the Republic of Korea (ROK) 1975 - 1991. It is a study of the beginnings of the Iraqi - Korean relations since 1975 up to 1991,when the United Sates and its coalition invaded Iraq after the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 1990.The economic relation of ROK with Iraq was a part of its relation with the world and Middle East after the establishment of ROK. On August 15, 1948, the Republic of Korea was formally established, with Syngman Rhee as the first president. With the establishment of Rhee's government, de jure sovereignty also passed into the new government. On September 9, 1948, a communist regime, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), was proclaimed under Kim Il Sung. The country now divided, the relationship between the two Koreas turned more antagonistic as time passed. The main policy of ROK was anti - communism and "unification by expanding northward". The South's military was neither sufficiently equipped nor prepared, but the Rhee administration was determined to reunify Korea by military force with aid from the United States. However, in the second parliamentary elections held on May 30, 1950, the majority of seats went to independents, confirming. The Korean war(1950 - 1953), and the deteriorating in Iraq and ROK were reasons affecting on the delay of the developments of Iraqi economic relations with ROK during the fifties and sixties ,and contributing to obstacle the economic and political cooperation during seventies and eighties. Although these complicating situations, the two countries could inaugurating the economic exchange since the second half of seventies, and the diplomatic and political relations at the dawn of the eighties.The thesis consists of four chapters, an introduction and a conclusion.Chapter one tackles (the internal developments in the Korean peninsula and its external relations up to 1975),chapter two studies ( The ROK relations with Middle East and the obstacles of the Iraqi - Korean approach a study of the delaying of the Iraqi relations with ROK),chapter three follows (Beginnings of Economic Relations between Iraq and ROK 1975 - 1991),and chapter four studies (Transformation Towards the Diplomatic and Political Relations for Enhancing the Economic Intetests1981 - 1991). Through study of the topic under consideration, we reached that the study of this period of the Iraqi relation with ROK clarify that it suffered of many obstacles which delayed the normal development of their relations. the influence of the United States and DPRK led to delay of Iraqi approach to ROK. The development of two countries relations was a part of ROK policy toward the Middle East and Arab World ,and the oil was a very important element for ROK relations with Middle East, Arab World and Iraq. Since the beginnings of seventies ,the Iraqi relations with ROK witnessed some development ,and "the Oil Shock " of 1973 after the Arab - Israel War of October led to change of East Asian perspective to the Arab World and inaugurating a new stage of mutual understanding of the Arab issues, especially the Palestinian Cause. This transformation contributed to the growing of relations of ROK and Japan with the Arab countries, such as Egypt, Iraq, Saudia Arabia and other Arab Gulf States. At the second half of the seventies decade, the Iraqi relations with ROK witnessed a dramatic transformation in economic aspect, and since the beginning of eighties ,the two countries attempted to expand their relation to diplomatic and political aspects, and they could to crown these efforts by opening the Iraqi and Korean embassies in Baghdad and Seoul respectively, but the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 and the American intervention of 1991 led to cutting of the diplomatic and political relation between the two countries.It is very important to point out that the Korean companies ,such as Hyundai, contributed to inaugurating the economic Iraqi - Korean relations and this company and its enthusiast staff hardly working to develop these relation to the diplomatic and political levels to serve the economic interests of the Korean companies in Iraq.Hyuandai succeeded in its efforts, and especially its executive director and the 10th president of ROK, Lee Myong Pak,who was working faithfully for Korean entering to the Iraqi markets. Anyway, the Iraqi relations with ROK suffered during seventies, eighties from many problems related to the conditions of the two countries and the affections of international relations in East Asia and the Middle East.The information of this thesis will contribute for more understanding of the two countries elites of the obstacles which confronted their approach ,and benefit from these problem to expand and enhance their political, economic and intellectual relations in the future.
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عامر عبد الله ودوره السياسي والفكري في العراق (1924 - 2000) == Amer Abdullah And His Political And Intellectual Role In Iraq (1924 - 2000)

Author name: غادة فائق محمد علي
Supervisor name: اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Contemporary Iraq had witnessed several controversial figures in their political and intellectual attitudes, Subjected to many divergent assessments ,which made duality to understand such figures. This vision applied to the left - wing figures in particular, because of the history of communist party had seen conflicts and controversies, Strengthened by the unstable situations of Iraq, and the direct and indirect link to the Arab and international developments. This resulted in two different directions, the first condemns it, and the second appreciats its history and attitudes. One of the most important figures in communist party is Amer Abdullah, who played an active role, not inside the communist party only since he was one of its ideologists, but also in the contemporary history of Iraq as well. He was close to Abd al - Karim Qasim, and Minister of State in presidency of Ahmed Hassan al - Bakr, so he played An active part in two contradictory phases of the republican era.The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter tackles, the early social, political and intellectual formation , and his early political career 1924 - 1949. This chapter includes two sections : the first deals with his social, political and intellectual life, and the second observe his early attitudes and political visions 1946 - 1949.The second chapter covers the political activity of Amer Abdullah 1949 - 1963. It consists of two sections, the first discusses the political activity of Amer Abdullah 1949 - 1958, and the second clarifies the political activity of Amer Abdullah 1958 - 1963, which was the first open work in the history of Iraqi Communist Party. The third chapter focuses on the political activity of Amer Abdullah 1963 - 2000, It is composed of three sections, the first handles the return of Amer Abdullah to the political bureau as a member. The second looks into his role in the negotiations with the Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party. The third section concentrates on the foreign role and activities of Amer Abdullah.The fourth chapter examines the intellectual activity of Amer Abdullah through his deeds. It is made up of four sections, the first treats the vision of Amer Abdullah to the socialist experiment of the Soviet Union and Cuba. The second investigates the vision of Amer Abdullah toward the concept of art, literature, social sciences and natural sciences. The third section displays his vision to the democratic thought and global peace with his efforts to achieve this slogan. The fourth section reviews some Arab issues like the evolution of Arab unity concept for Amer Abdullah.The thesis has reached several conclusions, the main important of which are : - Amer Abdullah has personal ambitions, strengthened by his ability and self - confidence, which led him to take important positions in Iraqi communist party, till he became one of its theorists. - It seems that Amer Abdullah has the ability to study the facts on the ground accurately with farsightedness, he was not right - wing or left - wing, but he was a balanced personality in his stands, inducing the reality of his country, and tried to cope with it. - Amer Abdallah built personal relationships with the leader Abd al - Karim Qasim (1958 - 1963) and President Ahmed Hassan al - Bakr (1968 - 1979) and won the trust of the two men and was very close to them. Interestingly, they consulted him not in political matters only, but also in multiple aspects, especially in the years of the rule of Ahmed Hassan al - Bakr, in spite of ideological differences between the two men, al - Bakr was military man holds a nationalist thoughts, and Amer Abdullah was a communist and the intellectual distance between them is not near.
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سابور الثاني سيرته وانجازاته (309 - 379م) == The Shapur II : His Biography And Achievements (309 - 379 AD)

Author name: اسيل مهدي كاظم محمد ال اسماعيل
Supervisor name: عادل شابث جابر
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: With the aid of God, I have finished my thesis entitled (The Shapur II (309 - 379 AD) His Biography and Achievements) in which I concluded the following : The study is Sassanid state is an important theme because it coincided the Roman Empire in its prime. The Sassanid state has witnessed dangerous transformations whether from religious point or assuming the throne. The coronation of Shapur II which he was in his mother’s womb is an unprecedented phenomenon. Shapur II was the guardian of his kingdom since childhood. The Arab - Sassanid relations were aggressive since the early times of founding the Sassanid state. The aggressive policy of the Sassanid state was exemplified in the invasion of Hadar, and the defeat on the hands of Utheina the king of Palmyra. The Sassanid desired to maintain their western and south - western frontiers. They assisted the kingdom of Al - Heira Kingdom to be a separating state. The Sassanids managed to penetrate the western coast of the Arab Gulf. Their state extended to Oman and Bahrain, but their position in the region was hampered by the Arab tribes. The Sassanid policy was characterized by aggression against Arabs. That was exemplified by the oppression of Shapur II (shoulders) of the Arabs of Yamama, Hager, Kadhima and Bahrain and killing many of them in a brutal nonhuman manner by piercing their shoulders. Hence, his nickname. We also found that the Raman - Sassanid struggle was renewed in the regency of Ardsher. In the year 228 AD he invaded the Roman pockets in the East and achieved victory in Armenia which he managed to annex to the Sassanid empire. His son Shapur I (241 - 272 AD) had also fought the Romans and defeated them and captured their Emperor Valerian. But he was defeated by Utheina the kind of Palmyra in 260 AD, who recaptured all the territories lost in Syria. In the regency of Bahram I (276 - 293 AD) the war with Roman Empire broke out. while the armies of Bahram was involved in a war with the Romans his brother Mermozd announced mutiny and wanted to form a separate state which forced Bahram to end the war with the Romans. When Nercy son of Shapur came (293 - 302) to power the struggle between the Sassanid and the Romans renewed. The reason for this was the expulsion of Tredat the king of Armenia by Nercy because he had allegiance to the Romans. The Roman leader Galerius managed to inflict defeat to the Sassanid armies and all the family members even his wife. The defeat resulted in the cession for provinces in minor Armenia by Nercy to the Romans and the king is crowned as a king of Armenian. Iberia (Georgia) recognized the prevalence of the emperor when the Sassanid imposed their domination over the Coshinains by military force. They resorted to the relationship by marriage. The two states reached to a truce and peace treaty when they went to war. The struggle between the two states, Roman and the Sassanid, was focused on regions all the four centuries in areas like Armenia, which was important in the Parthian Age. The Roman attacks came as a reaction to the Sassanid campaigns like the attacks of Arshder be alexander Sferus and Valerian. The Romans regarded the Sassanid as their foils. They were addressing the king in their correspondence as brother. They likened some to the rising moon. The era of Shapur was a glorious era as far as the Sassanid state is concerned for his conquests. Hence he is called the Great Shapur. Shapur II called himself The King of East and West and Shahinshah.
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لي كوان يو ودوره في التطورات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية في سنغافورة (1959 - 1990) == Lee Kuan Yew And His Role In The Political , Economic And Social Developments In Singapore (1959 - 1990)

Author name: سمير محمد اسماعيل الوزيري
Supervisor name: نذير جبار حسين الهنداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Many theses have implemented studies of the Asia history in general and the Arab countries in particular , but the history of Southeast Asia countries didn’t get a comprehensive Academic study in Arabic although those countries witnessed important event especially after the end of the World War II, when many of them got their independence.Singapore was one of south east Asia countries, where that state didn't get such a good chance through an academic Arabic study in the Iraqi universities, although it is signified by a number of categories which are worthy to search, of the most important of them was the strategic region in Southeast Asia in 1819 when the British citizen Thomas Stamford Raffles, was able to impose his control on the island and constructing a large maritime port for commercial affairs , then the island was added to the list of the British colonies and got an important estimate on both Commercial and military levels for British in southeast Asia region.In the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of the island increased for it is regarded as a maritime port after that period had witnessed a movement of exporting goods on large level from the east to the western countries , accompanied with the increase of the economic role of the island and increase in the migration movement to it from China and India. So , during the World War II , the Japanese Imperial Army was able to put their control on the island in 1942 , but great Britain were able to restore it in 1945. Singapore was able to get an autonomy from the British colonization because it was one of the British colonies , that was happened by virtue of Lee Kuan yew (1923 - 2015) , who became prime minister of Singapore and after that endeavored to annex it with Malaysian Union , and that was happened really in 1963, and became a part of that Union , but the political problems that happened between the Malayan Union and Singapore compelled the latter on dismiss Singapore to became an independent republic in 1965 , at that time Lee kuan yew faced a number of problems as : unemployment the housing crisis and the administrative corruption in addition to that the people of Singapore are a group of indiscriminate ethnically, lingual , and culturally , since their origins relate to China , India and the Malayan islands and Indonesia.Lee kuan yew had played an important role in shifting Singapore from a small island without natural resources , to an independent nation enjoying development , progress and effect on the economic and diplomatic levels. he was a serious leader enjoying an effective personality. so , in front of all those challenges , he was able to transfer Singapore during only three decades from a developing state to one of the most developed countries in Asia despite its small number of population and shortness of natural resources From that point , my selection came (Lee Kuan Yew And his Role in the political , economic and social developments in Singapore (1959 - 1990), as a subject to my thesis , because of his important role in the rise of Singapore and what was it enduring through the long Periods of colonization. The problem that discussed in this thesis is : How Singapore was able to rise to the levels of the great or progressive states ? And what is the secret of that quick progress after it was living polarity and aggression for long decades ? And what the role of the personality of (Lee kuan Yew).The nature of the subject necessitated dealing with it according to the conduct of subjects unity , therefore the thesis consists of introduction four chapters and conclusion included the most important results.The first chapter followed the general conditions in Singapore and the early stage of Lee kuan Yew's life till 1959 the first section a summary of Singapore's history from the foundation till the Word War II , and the second section the general situations in Singapore till 1955 , the topic stopped on this year because it represents the beginning of Lee kuan Yew political work in the legislative Assembly , after getting the people's Action party by the leadership of Lee kuan Yew on one seat in that year. The third section looks into his intellectual and social and educational rise , and his early political life till 1959.The second chapter focused on the study of the role of Lee kuan Yew in developing the political side (1959 - 1990) and the first topic studied the political conditions in Singapore since he got the seat of prime minister till 1965 focusing on the most important political endeavors which accompanied this stage , and the most important of them was the annexation with the Malaysian Union which ended by dismissing Singapore in 1965 , the second Covered the political developments Singapore since its independence till leaving Lee Kuan Yew the power's seat in 1990 , And the most important internal political developments in it the third topic discussed the development of the Singapore Armed Forces army and the internal security and maritime , air forces. The Fourth topic dealt with Singapore external policy for the period between 1965 - 1990 , through giving a general glimpse on the nature of the external politic of Singapore and Lee Kuan Yew role in it and his role in internal and external policies.The Singapore's economic experience between 1959 - 1990 , and the role of Lee Kuan Yew in it was treated in chapter three. The chapter emerged in its three topics , the economic reality in Singapore and the first stages of its developing (1959 - 1965) the foundations which Lee Kuan Yew put to the raise the economic reality ending with the economic situations in Singapore between 1973 - 1990.The Fourth chapter presented in it the social situations in Singapore and Lee Kuan Yew endeavors in updating them since 1959 to 1990 where in the first topic discussed the nature of the Singapore society and role of Lee Kuan Yew in revealing it the roots of Singapore society the role which he played to build it and what was the policy that the followed towards the ethnic lingual items in Singapore society in the second topic it was noted to developing the educational side in the same stage and the extent of his care in that side while the third topic had studied developing the topic side in the same period of time. Finally the forth topic shed a light on the development of judicial side in the discussed period emerging the policy of Lee Kuna Yew in that side.By studying of the topic under consideration , we reached that Lee was responsible of Singapore s modernization and shifting it from under developing to a developed country in southeast Asia. The role of Lee in Singapore s renaissance clarifies the importance of the role of individual in development and reform.According to his national contributions of rebuilding of Singapore , Lee became an Asian phenomenon got the inspiration of several leaders , who expressed their estimation of the Singapore s experience of modernity and Lee role in this change.
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المنهج التاريخي عند ابن الدبيثي مقارنة مع ابن النجار : دراسة تحليلية (558 - 637 ه / 1162 - 1239 م) == The Historical Methodology of Ibn Al - Najjar : Analytical Study (558 - 637 H / 1162 - 1239 A.D)

Author name: هند ستار هادي التميمي
Supervisor name: مرتضى حسن النقيب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: استعرضنا في الفصول السابقة من الرسالة المنهج التاريخي عند ابن الدبيثي مقارنة مع ابن النجار، من تحليل لسيرته وايام حياته في عهود الخلفاء العباسيين المتاخرة، ومنهجيته في التراجم، ودلالاتها المنهجية التاريخية، مقارنة وقد تبين لنا من هذا التحليل للشواهد | This thesis entitled the historical methodology of Ibn al - Dubaythi ? a comparison with Ibn al - Najja ?r. Through the analysis of his Muktasr and history of his life in the late Abbasid eras coupled with his methodology and historical references, in add
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ال ابي طالب خلال الحكم العباسي : دراسة تحليلية للعلاقات الطالبية - العباسية في العصر العباسي الاول، للسنوات (132 - 193 هـ / 750 - 809 م)

Author name: نذير صبار عبد الله
Supervisor name: مرتضى حسن النقيب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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النشاط الاقتصادي في مصر منذ الفتح حتى عام 132 هــ / 749م : دراسة تحليلية احصائية == The Economic Activity In Egypt Sine The Conquest Until 132 A.H. \ 749 A.C.

Author name: خلود ارشيح عمارة
Supervisor name: حمدان عبد المجيد محمد الكبيسي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study tackles the economic activity in Egypt since the conquest since 132 A.H. / 749 A.C. the development of the economic Islamic system, and showing the basics on which these fundamental were found. Its has inherited a heavy legacy from the Byzantium
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التشريع والقانون في الامبراطورية الرومانية : دراسة مقارنة مع التشريعات والقوانين العراقية القديمة == The Legislation And The Law In The Roman Empire A Comparative Study In Reference To Ancient Iraqi Laws

Author name: حسن كاظم دخيل
Supervisor name: حسين احمد سلمان
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: كانت الامبراطورية الرومانية شاسعة الاجزاء، وتضم اشتاتا من الشعوب واللغات والتقاليد، ولم يكن هناك ادنى شك فيمن تكون له السيارة، وهي بالتاكيد للمواطنين الرومان الذين استطاعوا ان يقهروا في بضعة قرون هذه الدول المختلفة جميعها، الواحدة تلو الاخرى، حتى عر | The Roman Empire extended to vast parts, and included various groups of peoples, languages and traditions. After conquering various nations in few centuries, the region went under the rule of the Romans (Imperium Romanum). Although Rome considered the Rom
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العلاقات السياسية الانكليزية - الاسبانية في عهد الملكة اليزابيث الاولى 1558 - 1603 == Anglo - Spanish Political Relation 1558 - 1603

Author name: ثامر مكي علي مصطفى
Supervisor name: فلاح حسن الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: Since we W. Child has written in 1978 her book entitled English 'Trade with Castile in Later Middle Ages,' there is no a pioneer study to the English - Spanish political relations despite the importance for Europe in the sixteenth century. Obviously, An
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انتشار المسيحية في وسط الجزيرة العربية قبيل الاسلام (300 - 610 م) : دراسة تاريخية == The Spread of Christanity In The Arabian Peninsula 300 - 610 As Historical Study

Author name: اية علي صالح سلوم
Supervisor name: ليث شاكر محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: بعد متابعتي لموضوع انتشار المسيحية في وسط الجزيرة العربية قبيل الاسلام (300 - 610م) دراسة تاريخية توصلت الى النتائج الاتية : - 1 - لعبت المدن والمواقع العامة في وسط شبه الجزيرة العربية بادوار مهمة لاستقبال المسيحية من العراق وبلاد الشام, اذ ان موقعها الم | MY study deals with " The spread of Christanity in the Arabian Peninsula 300 - 610 as historical study..Problematic.study Because of the failure of Arab historians Muslims in giving us detailed information about the history of Christianity in the center
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احوال مصر الاجتماعية في دولة المماليك البحرية (648 - 784 هـ / 1250 - 1382 م) == The Affection Sociable State Marine Mamluk (784 - 648H / 1250 - 1382 A.D)

Author name: اكرم صباح حسون
Supervisor name: نوال ناظم محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: We came to our tagged : social life in the Mamluk era marine community know the nature of the Mamluk and social condition of the State of the Bahri Mamluks of Egypt during their rule of the country (648 AH - 784 AH / 1250 1382).The study produced severa
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المدارس والمؤسسات التعليمية في عهد الموحدين 541 - 668 هــ / 1145 - 1269 م == Schools And Educational Institutions In The Reign of Almohads

Author name: شفاء محمد حسن
Supervisor name: صباح ابراهيم سعيد الشيخلي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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اثر كلف النقل في الاتجاهات التسويقية لمعامل الاسمنت في العراق لعام 2015 == The Influence Of Transportation Cost On The Business Marketing Of Cement Factories In Iraq For 2015

Author name: نورس تحسين شبيب
Supervisor name: ناهض هاتف محمد السعيدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد صناعة الاسمنت احد الانشطة المهمة لاقامة مشاريع البنى التحتية او اي مشروع اعماري , ان هدف الدراسة هو معرفة اثر كلف النقل في الاتجاهات التسويقية لمصانع الاسمنت في العراق لسنة 2015,وهل اثر الاسمنت المستورد في الصناعة المحلية ودراسة التوزيع الجغرافي لمص | The industry of cement is considered one of the significant activities in the construction of sites and projects. The present study aims at identifying the transportation cost of cement in Iraqi factories during 2015 and whether these costs do affect the business marketing of this product. Besides, it aims at exploring whether the imported cement does affect the local or national industry of this product, and the geographical distribution of cement factories in Iraq. This study has adopted the regional methodology resulting in identifying the factors of industrial settlement greatly impacting the cement industry such as the raw material, working hands, marketing, capital, energy and power, and the governmental policy besides the natural factors and conditions such as the geographical position, weather and water resources in the light of theories concerned with the transportation costs like Alfred Fiber theory and Hoover theory. The study has depended on the records of cement factories of governmental and non - governmental sectors in addition to field visits to diagnose the amount of cement produced during 2015. There is a variation in the geographical distribution of cement factories in Iraq as there are six factories in the north affiliated to the northern cement company, four in the west affiliated to the Iraqi cement company, and eight factories in the south affiliated to the southern cement company besides other private factories like Mas - Bazian in Sulaimania, Aldouh factory in AlMuthna, and Almabroukah factory in AlBasra. The cement industry in Iraq suffers from a lot of problems like transportation cost, factories distribution, marketing problems, pollution problems, power problems and foreign competitive products. It has been concluded that the industrial settlement is one of the main reason in constructing and building cement industrial projects especially in the case of Iraq which is best known by the availability of raw materials. Furthermore, the transportation cost of cement from those factories to the various governorates decides the business marketing of this product as it has been observed that the transportation direction from those factories to the nearest governorates show lower prices and costs and the reverse is true.

التباين المكاني لحالات الوفيات في قضاء خانقين للمدة (1987 - 2014) == The Spatial Variation Of The Deaths In Khanaqin For The Period (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014)

Author name: ميعاد نعمت احمد بهرام
Supervisor name: فاضل محسن يوسف الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوفيات من اهم المؤشرات التي تعكس الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي مجتمع كان ومدى صحة ووعي سكانه ورفاهيتهم وهو مكسب الدراسة واهميتها وان الهدف من البحث هو دراسة العامل المتناقص للنمو السكاني والمتمثل بالوفيات التي غالبا ما تتعرض بياناتها الى | statistical studies has been Expanded to include many fields and sectors, including the population sector, where the researchers have interested to study of the census and measurements related to the problems such as briths, deaths and migration of the population sector, because of its great importance in the field of planning and management. The research as a part of series of researchers that are interested on the side of the demographic characterization. The research tackled declining factor of the population growth which represented the deaths, which are often their data are subject to different types of errors, that are notably the lack of registration of the facts, especially in developing countries, so this research focuses on the spatial variation of the deaths in the district of Khanaqin during the period 1987 - 1997 - 2007 - - 2,014 which targeted the knowledge of trends and its temporal and spatial variations aspects of the level of the city based on a set of standards for deaths and identifying the typical and age variations of the deceased and the causes of death and their relationship to the surrounding environment. The study depends on the data recording of vital events in the death registration offices which belong to the administrative aspects of khanaqeen As well as it has been depending on the field study to fill what is missing from the data. The study has showed that the deaths value that have been collected during the study period (3880) and crude death rate for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) was (8.8 per thousand, 4.8 per thousand 0.6 per thousand, 4.6 per thousand), which in turn, did not score a chronologically organized trend where it is characterized the variation between high and low, as well as the number of deaths have been varied according to months of the year and the seasons as it is recorded the highest proportion of deaths in January and December, and it shows that winter and summer record the highest rate of deaths. The study also reveals that the superiority of the male deaths to female deaths for all years of study at a rate (64.1%, 56.9%, 65.6%, 53.6%) for males for years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) vs. (35, 9% 43.1%, 34.4%, 46.4%) of females for years above of the total deaths of the city And for the age pattern of deaths, the study also showed the relative importance of variation for age groups in terms of reality, including the value of the deaths, the study has shown that age group (15 - 44 ) has topped the other age groups at a rate (27.6%) of the total deaths, followed by category ( 65 years and over) by (21.6%) of the total of deaths Regarding the cause of deaths it has been shown by the study, that deaths due to diseases accounted for (7.63%) for the year 1987, and (7.49%) for the year 1997, and (50.7%) for the year 2007, (61.9% ) for the year 2014, and the circulatory system diseases and blood diseases topped the other types of diseases at a rate (22.6%, 27.7%, 24.1%, 28.7%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths diseases, followed by cancerous diseases at a rate (18.6%, 15%, 15.3%, 15.1%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths diseases. While deaths due to accidents accounted for the proportion (50.3%) for the year 1987, and (36.3%) for the year 1997 (49.3%) for the year 2007, (38.1%) for the year 2014 of the total deaths,whilethe deaths of gunshot incidents and other accidents rate topped the rate of (41.3%, 24.9%, 45.1%, 44.5%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths incidents. The study shows through statistical methods that used in data analysis that there is strong correlation and relationship of significance found between the dependent variable analysis (the number of deaths) and independent Almngiberat (cancer X1. Degenerative diseases X2. Communicable Diseases X3. Numbers of deaths by accidents and numbers of deaths by terrorism X5. Number of deaths naturally X6), and it is found through multiple regression that the independent variables application (cancer x1. degenerative diseases X2. diseases transitional X3. Deaths by accidents deaths by terrorism X5. number of deaths naturally X6) has a larger impact in influencing the approved variable (number of deaths) and (1%) only attributed to other factors, the model was unable to count. the study clarifies that the distribution of deaths, according to the administrative units has been marked by variations where the center of the city ranked first in the number of deaths for all years of the study, as the percentage recorded (40.5%, 49.5%, 38.1%, 37%) years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths amount. It has been shown by study that the geographical distribution of deaths due to the disease, according to the administrative units has been marked by variation , where it shows out the high percentage in the center of Khanaqeen all the years of study, with the percentage of registered (35.4%, 36.8%, 34.1%.33 0.1%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths due to the elimination of diseases, and the lowest geographical distribution of deaths due to the disease in hand by Mo amounted to (4.6%, 3.7%, 3.1% , 4.8%) for the years above of the total deaths due to the elimination of diseases, while the geographical distribution is characterized due to accidents where the variations also topped in the center to all other administrative units which record (45.3%, 45.1%, 38.4 %, 45.5%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths due to accidents this study revealed the impact of climate especially temperatures as the most influential factor in natural deaths average compared with other natural factors in addition to the impact of different human factors the level of living standards (household income) and the level of education, occupation and place of residence and the housing situation and the level of provided health services

تحليل خرائط المؤشرات التخطيطية للخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية

Author name: منى محمد علاوي
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: ترمي الرسالة الى دراسة تحليل خرائط الخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية والتعرف على التباين المكاني في الخدمات الاجتماعية (التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية ) فضلا عن معرفة امكانية تحليل الخدمات الاجتماعية في عكس واقع وكفاءة تلك الخدمات في منطقة الدراسة والكش

تحليل خرائط مؤشرات كثافة استعمال الارض في مدينة بغداد

Author name: مريم عبد الهادي اكوش
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى اعداد وتحليل خرائط لاستعمالات الارض الحضرية والكثافات السكانية والحضرية والسكنية في مدينة بغداد على كافة المستويات الحضرية ابتداء من اكبر مستوى هو البلدية ثم الحي السكني والى اصغر وحدة ادارية والتي تتمثل بالمحلة السكنية لعامي 2009 - 2015 | r urban grounding, and population, urban and housing densitie urban levels including the largest component of municipality and the smallest component of neighborhood during 2009 - 2015 through spotting lights on the way of distributing population density and the main reasons behind such distribution. The study has identified the different patterns of housing, industrial, general services, open and green lands, farming, governmental, transportation, and the like uses. It also explicates the way of distribution of these densities in the various administrable units of the area under investigation through setting up and analyzing a set of maps. This study has three chapters ; chapter one deals with describing the uses of maps for land density at the municipality level , chapter two deals with setting up ground density grouping maps for the various neighborhoods of the present study, while chapter three deals with analyzing the ground density grouping maps for the smallest administrable units. The researcher has used the descriptive methodology and digit - quantification map analysis methodology. That is, it has been used maps and satellite images of Baghdad city, and setting up a set of maps for the area under investigation via the data provided by the governmental official institutions. The study has 61 maps and 41 tables. The study has come up with a number of concluding findings. It has been emphasized the significance of digital maps in magnifying the density image for the smallest housing area or so - called neighborhood. The following neighborhoods (303, 311, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 125, 127, 129, 131, 520, 522, 526, 528, 532, 534, 540, 542, ' 544, 54, 548, 550, 522, 554, 560, 560, 562, 527, 529, 531, 544, 546, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558, 560, 562, 627, 529, 531, 533, 539, 541, 543, 547, 549, 551, 553, 559, 561 ', 563, 563, 565, 567, 569, 513, 517, 519, 521, 555, 557, 571, 571, 573, 575, 752, 754, 758, 701, 713, 715, 719, 715, 721, 732, 737, 751, 753, 771, 773, 789,913,950,813,673,421,454,458,460,462,472, 416, 418, 418, 426, 462,430) have high urban density of 500 person per a hectarein 2015. Also, the administrable units have accessed the permissible population limit, and a number of solutions have been put forward

التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط للمدة (1988 - 2015) == Spatial Analysis Of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure (1988 - 2015)

Author name: كرار احمد عطية نعمة
Supervisor name: بشار محمد عويد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جاءت الدراسة الموسومة بـ ( التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط) لمعرفة ما هو الانفاق العسكري وما اثر تلك النفقات على منطقة الشرق الاوسط بصورة عامة ودوله بصورة خاصة وطبيعة التباين في النفقات العسكرية بين تلك الدول واسباب هذا التباين خصوصا بعد | The study, entitled (Spatial Analysis of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure), is an attempt to find out what is meant by military expenditure, its effect on the Middle East, in general, and particularly the countries in this area, the nature of the differences in military expenditure among these countries and reasons behind these differences. This expenditure lately witnessed a remarkable increase; however most of these countries are developing and suffering from several economic and developmental problems. In this study, the researcher discusses the concepts of military expenditure and Middle East. The most prominent concepts, differences among these concepts and reasons behind differences among researchers concerning these concepts, were discussed. Besides, most the prominent geographical characteristics of the Middle East which serve the subject, concerning position, area and strategic importance of the area were tackled. The study also mentions world military expenditure by billions of dollars out of the gross domestic product, the most world countries spending on military sectors, among which were many countries from the Middle East. The researcher also discusses military expenditure for each continent and differences in such expenditure among continents. After that, military expenditure in the Middle East, in general, in million dollars, gross domestic product of each country were discussed to show the nature and extent of military expenditure of world, Middle East and each country separately. Then, the extent of military expenditure of each country in the Middle East, nature of differences and most profitable countries and companies from this expenditure were discussed. The researcher tried to mention the most prominent reasons behind such a difference in military expenditure and reasons led countries of the Middle East to resort to such a high level military expenditure. Then he tried to study the most important effects of such military expenditure (positive and negative effects), as well as clarify the future of military expenditure in the Middle East.

هيدروجيومورفولوجية نواظم الضبط الجنوبية لنهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار == Hedrogeomorphology Head Regulators South Seizure Of The Euphrates River In The Province Of Dhi Qar

Author name: سناء عبد شهد التميمي
Supervisor name: سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي | حسين لعيبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة مجرى نهر الفرات وتفرعاته والذي يمتد من ناحية الفضلية التابعة لقضاء سوق الشيوخ في محافظة ذي قار حيث تمثل نقطة دخول نهر الفرات في منطقة الدراسة، وتفرعه في هذه الناحية الى فرع (غليوين) والمقام عليه اول ناظم من نواظم الضبط الجنوبية وصولا الى م | The study examined the course of the Euphrates River and its branches, which extends from the hand of the Suq - Shuyukh in Dhi Qar province, where represents the entry of the Euphrates point Fudaliyah, and Tafrah in this area to a branch (Glujn) and place it first Rhyming of South head regulators tuning down to the mouth of the rest of the forest Euphrates River erected thereon Rhyming (Glujn, good vine, Aekakh, Digger, brown happy, or Palm) in Hammar marsh and along the river (43 km). Study of the hydrological system and the resulting forms of geomorphology and pictures invested in Hedrogeomorphology study. The researcher relied on field study scientific and historical sources and interpretation of satellite images and topographic maps.The study area is part of the alluvial plain land which is characterized by Banbsat out of the northwest slope towards the south - east, which Kan determine the general direction of the river bed a height of approximately (5 m) above sea level.The geology of the region dating back to the Pleistocene and Holocene era and covers the surface sediments of time is a modern four - wheel depositions disjointed divided into floodplain deposits, which mostly due to the activity of the Euphrates and tables branching ment in historical stages, depressions and deposits, and deposits of the marshes.The region is subject climatically to the dry desert climate depending on climatic data obtained from Nasiriyah station and Samawa, so the recipe drought to the region reflected its effects on the lack of rain in winter and high temperatures in summer, leading to variation and fluctuation in the discharge hydrological Euphrates River monthly and quarterly and annually and is affected by the quantities the disposal absolute headwaters of major river, affecting the composition of formats ground inside and outside of the river and its branches, as well as the lack of vegetation density, making the region is characterized by climatic water balance is negative, according to my way of Thornthwait and Khrovh. Based on these characteristics and how they interact with each identified forms the floor of the area and of Mounattvat and twists of river and islands river, which is that of the geomorphological aspects of excellence in forest river, as was the shoulder for (54) a turn and twisting in the main stream and the forest, and through maps and visualizations were taken clips longitudinal study area and Tzmt to three longitudinal sections where the river turned out to be going through a period where he excelled longitudinal aging sector of the river slightly Ptqar (semi - regular) to the small vertical distance of the sector for the longitudinal horizontal distance.As it has been cleared cross sections where it was found through a survey (10) sections of the river that the form of these sections take the form of the letter (U) which is a reference to the stage of aging is going through because of the duck runoff resulting from a lack of steep and deep (0.75 cm / km).As it turned out that there is a clear interaction between geomorphological fluvial processes and human activity as the changing course of the river through the stages may cause migration of many towns and villages that were built on its extension and turned into a new stream taken, which is reflected in the settlement pattern, as it would like linear pattern along the course of the Euphrates River in the regionAs it turns out that the river water is investing in several areas of agricultural investment in the forefront, and human use in the field of drinking comes lags filtered by the filter plants (RO) for use in the field of drinking and washing and then use the water to drink animals that grew up in the area and agriculture is dependent class basis on the style of irrigation through an intermediary only at the present time due to the low river water levels, through various pumps horsepower and powers on both sides of the river.
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