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اشكالية الانسان عند دستويفسكي

Author name: جاسم بديوي وادي
Supervisor name: مدني صالح
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Modern Philosophy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان اختلاف الباحثين حول دستويفسكي كل بحسب مايملي عليه خطابه وطبيعة الحقل الانساني الذي ينتمي اليه ، لهو دليل قوي على ما تشكله كتابات ذلك العبقري من زخم ابداعي وروحي تغترف منه الدراسات الانسانية ويتاثر به الفلاسفة والمفكرون ورجال المعرفة. بيد ان ذلك الزخم ما كان له ان يتمظهر وان ياخذ محله ومكانته المرموقة لولا ظهور باحثين مهتمين وجادين وفقا لاعتبارات معرفية بوصفها نصوصا تشتمل على الرؤية المتاملة للواقع الانساني، فضلا عن انفتاحها على جوهر الحياة الانسانية بجوانبها الواقعية، وعلى الصعد الجمالية والاخلاقية والثقافية والسياسية, اذ تعاملت مع الشعرية والفن ليست كونها امتاعا او مؤانسة بل كونها وثائق تشكل هما انسانيا عايشه الكاتب وتعايش معه وقدم له روحه وخياله الذي لا ينبغي ان ينظر اليه بنظرة منقوصة القيمة , لانه وسيلة من وسائل الكشف عن الطبائع البشرية كما لاحظنا عند دستويفسكي مثلما لاحظنا عند ابن طفيل في قصته( حي بن يقظان ) وكما نجده عند نيتشه وسارتر وكامو و...و... . نعم , يكاد يكون كل اؤلئك الفلاسفة وغيرهم ان يقدموا تصوراتهم بطرائقهم الخاصة، ليرسموا لوحاتهم التي تميزهم كل حسب اسلوبه, لكن دستويفسكي اختلف عنهم بنقطة انه لم يدع الى مذهب اومنهج او الى سلوك فكري مباشر على طريقة الفلاسفة الخلص , بل ولد الكاتب فنانا انجر بتجربته الشعرية من خلال روائعه - انعطافا وصيرورة لكشفه الجديد00 الانسان، وبذلك بزغت تساؤلات حول اعادة قراءاتنا الفلسفية للنصوص الابداعية الشعرية ومنها الروائية بعدما اقترحنا في دراستنا هذه مفهوم شعرية التفكير كاطار تلتقي فيه التاملات الشعرية بالتساؤلات الفكرية من دون صدام. وهذة دعوة لقراءة تلك(الابداعات)لالنعرف هل سيتزوج البطل حبيبته في نهاية القصة ؟ولا لمعرفة قدرة الكاتب في وصف الشخصيات والامكنة بقدر ماتمثلة تلك الشخصية لنا وما تلامسه من حقيقة وجودنا وما نرتبط به من خلالها وماتطرحة من مشكلاتنا وتساؤلاتنا المستمرة ومعاناتنا التي تبدو وكانها ازلية , نقراها كما قراها ماريو بوزو مؤلف رواية (العراب ) عندما سئل عن دستويفسكي فاجاب انه شعر بذنب الجريمة التي اقترفهرااسكولينكوف بكى كثيرا لمصير متشكين بطل (الابله)فضلا عن انه قد وجد ذاته في (الاخوة كارامازوف)0 ان مثل تلك القراءة المنتجة للرواية تعيد مفهوم القراءة نفسها حول الفلسفة ومهمتها وموضوعاتها كما انها تعيد طريقة قراءتنا للرواية بوصفها فنا انسانيا كونيا. وبالنتيجة يمكن الاستفادة من المناهج جميعها في تحليلاتها الفنية والجمالية 0فضلا عن ما تطرحه من افكار, ووصلت الدارسة هذة الى ان دستويفسكي اخذ دور الريادة في كشفه عن اعماق ذواتنا ومدى رصيدنا في ملامح شخصياته مثلما نجد مدى توغل شخصياته بنا اذ لم تزل تتحرك بداوخلنا0 صحيح ان الشخصيات من نسج خيال الكاتب لكنها في الوقت نفسه قابعة فينا نحن البشر الواقعيين نستشعرها ونتفهمها وتلوح لنا احيانا في محاولتنا لفهم الروح والعالم والميتافيزيقيا, وهذا سبب اخر يدعونا للمطالبة بفتح ملف قراءة الاعمال الادبية والفنية فلسفيا وثقافيا , كونها السبل المهمة في التفكيرلتفسير علاقة الانسان الوجودية اذ تنطلق من اكثر المصادر والينابيع الانسانية رهافة وشفافية واحساسا .. الا وهي المخلوقات المبدعة من امثال الشعراء والادباء والفنانين والعباقرة0ونحن واثقون تمام الثقة بما ستؤول اليه تلك المشاريع المعرفية من ثراء ونحن ولما تحققه من نتائج روحية كبيرة0 ليس هناك ماهو اكثر تعبيرا عن الانسان سوى الانسان والشخصيات الروائية الكاركاتيرية في اثناء تحركاتها تدفع التفكير نحو محاولة فك لغز الانسانية واشكالياتها المرهفة في الحرية والخير والشر والقيم, والشخصيات الروائية لاسيما عند دستويفسكي تتعامل وتتاثر بالاشكاليات تلك ويتقرر مصيرها بالاستناد عليها ومن جرائها , لذلك وصلت هذه الدراسة الى نتيجة ان الكاتب حاول جاهدا من منطلق عبقريته وانسانيته، ان يشخص عيوب الممارسات النظرية للنماذج الثقافية والفكرية , وعلى هذا الاساس لم تكن كتابات دستويفسكي مجردة من النقد للانظمة الثقافية ولاسيما في اهمالها المباشر لكل ما هو خارج نطاقها الشخصي . فكان ناقدا لاذعا لما يجري حوله من صراعات بين التيارات والاتجاهات السياسية والاجتماعية , وقد اكسب ذلك الرؤية لدى الكاتب خبرة جديدة واضافت للدراسة قيمة زاخرة بالحيوية ووسمت الاشتغال على تلك النصوص بميسم الابداع نفسه, ذلك ان دستويفسكي نفسه كان قد حقق قطيعته المعرفية وانفصاله المبدع مع كل الانظمة الثقافية التي كان قد انتمى لها في وقت سبق ظهور ابداعاته وبالتحديد سبق مدة السجن ، هذا من جهة التفكير, اما من جهة ابداعه الفني قد اوجد نظام الرواية متعددة الاصوات , متعددة الوعي ليفتح بذلك فصلا جماليا اخر يطل به على الانسانية المعذبة ليؤسس بذلك تكاملا فنيا فكريا فريدا . هذا وقد وجدنا خلال الصفحات السابقة عدم فاعلية بعض المناهج النفسية التي حاولت تفسير العمل الادبي بوقوعها في مازق التعاطي المرضي للكاتب وهذا ابعد شيء عن الابداع الذي نعتبره مظهرا عبقريا وخارقا ,لا اعاقة حتى لو كانت على مستوى شخصيات الكاتب . كما اننا لاحظنا ملاءمة مناهج اخرى لدراسة النص المبدع، كما وجدنا في الظاهراتية التي تتفق والمبدع في ان الابداع ومضة خلاقة تبرق داخل الوعي فتضيء به الاشياء عبره , ليحافظ بذلك على روحية العمل الابداعي وتحفظ الاعتبار للكاتب وللمخلوقات الروائية وتؤمن لها تحركاتها داخل المجال السردي كونها مجسات لاختبار الذات والعالم وما فوقهما.وتدفعنا كذلك ظروف القرن التاسع عشر الذي عاشه الكاتب وظروفنا الحالية في المنطقة الى الحاجة لان نركن قليلا الى الركائز الثقافية الروحية والايمان بالقدرة الشعبية في ادراك اختلافاتنا التي يمكن لها ان تجد طريقها الى الزوال اذا ما ادركنا حقيقة انتمائنا الى الارض العراقية كما امن دستويفسكي من قبل بشعبية روسيا .. ونجد في تعزيز الروح الشعبية تكاملا اخلاقيا وثقافيا, لانعاش الواقع بشكل عام. | My thesis includes(problematic of human at Dostoevsky) many aspects handled the genius of Russian writer which appeared through his novelistic writings and articles. Fedor Michaelotch Dostoevsky was and still a godfatherTo all cognitive methods whether it was anthropological, philosophical,Psychologiccal or genological….etc.. Yes. Dostoevsky inspired cognitive and human Fields by his novels and this consider an achievement it self , how so ever , if we know that his technical genius has enriched and full Art and fine art world ?Hence , My concern in Destoveski divot one self about his achievement in probe the essence of human nature and the way of human thought and his understanding ,Especially , in his unusual circumstances which are : Sickness , prison and crime….etc .I suggested at the beginning of thesis what I called it ((Poetical thought)) and it is a field where meet poetry and thought , as German famous philosophy err (Hedger)Noticed and consolidate it the modern human studies as well .The poetical ness of thought leans on meeting the genius with creativity to caret a special world for artist where the artistic work is a creative vast space and meditative field where there is no necessary to separate between them , on the contrary , the thesis reached to that every genuine philosophical activity is based on imagination as the philosophical status guo was before Socrates. Dostoevsky realized that , as well the essence of human contrast inside the human mind and psychological behavior where the writer saw the originality of this paradox in the human consciousness .As we clarified before that poetical ness of thought is one of important means to expose what the writer enjoy with.So Anthropology of human being at Dostoevsky doesn’t aim to expose the roots of ideas at human being and doesn’t search to non - thought out , but exceed that reaching to pioneer attempt of Dostoevsky .To live with the moment of death , this lost moment .Thus he is one of the extraordinary writers who entered the fantasy of death to expose the maximum conscious and unconscious status of human being in that escape moment .Also we depended basically in this thesis on novelistic novels of writer , in addition , to his journalistic articles and we focused on his famous novelistic works , especial , (Karamazof brother , Crime and punishment , Idiot , memories from dead house , human of underneath world and the devils) due to these great novels carried important questions materlized ideas of Autor and his philosophical visions whether he was convinced of or not .Maybe some one asked ? what is the meaning to expose the writer what he was not convinced of . The answer is : The genius of Dostoevsky lies in that point exactly .Also the excitement during his study .Through his Anthropological , poetical , and philosophical method , the writer created what it is called (the multi - voices novel) . This novel which is considered a unigue artistic discovery invented by the writer .And this novel imposes multiple voices , which are multiple views of personalities inside the novel .In conclusion , this will ensure multiple consciounessAnd variation of its steps , then multiplicity and difference of writers ideas and ideas of the personalitiesIn harmonic way . therefore ; the ideas is no longer related to Autor inside the novel . And the Autor is no longer responsible about ideas of his characters ,All that weer molded in controversial from to substitute the opinions where multiple points of views are mixed .In consequence , Dostoevsky had inaugurated doors and gates of twentieth century's consciousness who died before witnessed it through escalating the spiritual and moral crisis of human .We expose the dimensions of dialogic knowledge which contains centers of multiple voice or voices inside the novel through narration .And we show position of the other in producing the dialogic knowledge as a basic part in the equation and important element to Dostoevsky success and to expose his genius .And our understanding in how deep is the problematic of freedom as describing a crossroads , Either human tend a cross it to the abyss or towards the spiritual elevation . we clarified the degree of clashing the valuable systems inside the spaces of freedom .Dostoevsky s vision introspected the cultural situation during nineteenth century . And we showed the effortsOf writer and his ideas to assimilate idea of the cultural perfection at the beginning of critical situation . to the common cultural manners among the intellectuals of his era , precisely , among the radicals - Libertarian intellectuals and the extremists - Nationalists Slavic . The cultural theory of Dostoevsky become crystallized taking the mediation a wide path , consolidating with Russian people and with popular indentation of the farmer , because it is the genuine appearance to the Russian culture with its manifestations (religious - Christianity - Orthodox) and on the other hand , the simple popular nationalism of farmers , imitating his ancestor (Bushkin) , poet of Russia who is closed to Dostoevsky s heart who made him an example to the dialogue of world and to sustain the cultural side in treatment of the real world and diagnosis its problems and suggesting a form of solution .His novel (the devils) materlized all that , it was caricature to all movements of the culture in czarism Russia to put informs of the world a human has opened consciousness who faces the problems of the world to be a creative vivid guide produced by a writer , poet , artist and novelist making from his .All writing a field for mixing , harmony , dialogue and struggle of ideas within path of writing s aestheticisms .

البيوتيقا : دراسة في الاخلاقيات المعاصرة لعلوم الحياة

Author name: ولاء جبار شنين
Supervisor name: هبة عادل ابراهيم العزاوي
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Modern Philosophy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

جدلية الدين والدولة في الفكر العربي المعاصر برهان غليون انموذجا == The Dialectics of Religion and State in the Contemporary Arabic Thought (BurhanGhalyun as a Model)

Author name: مروة عامر عبد الجبار
Supervisor name: حسين عبد الزهرة الشيخ
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Modern Philosophy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يمثل مشروع برهان غليون واحد من اهم المشاريع الفكرية والسياسية التي انتجها الفكر العربي المعاصر كونه يعالج ما يجرى على الساحة العربية والاسلامية من نقاشات وحوارات وتناقضات التي تفرز من هنا وهناك حول مفاهيم الدين والدولة . ومن هذا المنطلق سعيت الى تقديم عرض موجز للابعاد النظرية لكل من مفهوم الدين ومفهوم الدولة في الفصل الاول من الرسالة وتناولت ايضا علاقة الدين في الدولة في السياقات التاريخية الغربية والعربية . وفي الفصل الثاني تناولت اشكالية العلاقة بين الدين والدولة من منظور التجربة الاسلامية بدءا من المجتمعات البشرية الاولى وانتهاءا بصعود حركات الاسلام السياسي الذي يصفها غليون بانها حركات سياسية واجتماعية هدفها السلطة وليس التمسك بالدين . وفي الفصل الثالث والاخير تناولت العلمانية والديمقراطية في سياقاتهما التاريخية العامة وتناولت ايضا العلمانية عند برهان غليون ومعوقات التحول الديمقراطي حيث يرى غليون بانه لا يمكن الحديث عن اي نجاح للتجربة الديمقراطية في الوطن العربي في ظل توفر هذه العوائق وتناولت ايضا الحداثة الذي يصفها غليون بانها حداثة رثة وبالتالي فهي حداثة خالية من القيم الابداعية والفكرية والحرية والمساواة | BurhanGhalyun's project is one of the most important intellectual and political projects that the contemporary Arabic thought has ever produced, since it deals with current Arabic and Islamic debates, dialogues, and discrepancics that stem out here and there about Religion and State concepts. This forms the first chapter, which deals with abrief presentation of the conceptual dimension of the concept of Religion and that of State, highlighting, meanwhile, the connection between Religion and State within Western and Arabic historical contexts.The second chapter deals with the controversial connection between Religion and State from an Islamic perspective, starting with primitive human communities to the rising up of politicalIslamic movements, being initially social and political movements in the first place, the purpose of which, as stated by Ghalyun, is mainly to maintain power not religion.The third chapter tackles Secularism and Democracy within their general historical contexts, dealing with Ghalyun's conception of Secularism and the impediments that prevent absolute democratic transformation. Ghalyun considers that it is almost impossible for any democratic experiment to coexist with these impediments. The chapter highlights as well modernism, which Ghalyun diagnoses as dilapidated and timeworn, because it lacks freedom and equality, and it is void of creative and intellectual values

العمران البشري بين الماوردي وابن خلدون : دراسة في فلسفة الحضارة == Human Construction Between AL - Mawardi and Ibn Khaldoon : A Study in the Philosophy of Civilization

Author name: محمد اسماعيل خلف التميمي
Supervisor name: عبد القادر موسى حمادي المحمدي
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Modern Philosophy
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The human construction is either the pacific coexistence, sharing house, and living in one place or the state of affability in living together and meeting their needs, since it's human nature to help each other to live together. Construction means building. Architecture means the huge building or great district. Construction is divided into two types : social construction and engineering construction. The social construction deals with the social side and is called the science of human settlement. It includes planning a city and building society. Construction in language is the opposite of emptiness, and it is the building and erection. By social construction , Ibn Khaldoon means the social life and the social, political, and economic phenomena which accompany it. So, social construction is the domain of human sociology, and the researches who study the aspects of sociology reveal the laws that control it. Thus, the science of construction is our everyday terms is that type of sociology which includes all modes of life which lack luxury and sumptuousness and which also lack construction because its financial reasons are not available. This type of societies is called ''the necessary '' or ''Bedouin''. On the other hand, if there is construction and all reasons of luxury are there , the society is called ''civilized'' or '' urban''. While the engineering construction is concerned with building and erection which show the creativity of humans in the engineering side. Wherever human gatherings are found ,engineering construction is also found since it reflects human civilization on the social and engineering levels. Without neglecting the national principles, every nation or human gathering is recognized by its buildings and engineering heritage. Therefore, the study of human social construction according to scientists and intellectuals reflects abundant creations deserve to be attentively regarded and studied. Human Construction means the efforts that are adopted by any human gathering with creative abilities in building. It also means the study of civilization ,i.e. the methods of living, people's crafts , and life production in several fields as follows : 1 - The sciences which meet human's necessities.2 - The philosophies by which man answers his great questions and solves his bewilderments. 3 - Religions in which man finds what he ignores like the issues of existence ( the universe) . Religions and sciences give man satisfaction by knowing through experience. The ekistics , as Ibn Khaldoon states, is open in its study to the social incident and it always aims at stability since the transfer from Bedouin savage life to the settlement which leads to establishing cities and finding out an administrative , social, and political order. Hence, God has honored man , giving him the privilege which distinguishes him from all other creatures, it is the privilege of building and constructing the earth. So, man has been given a status of high value because he is active, unstable, he struggles, argues, discusses, smiles, cries, organizes life and things in life. Therefore, the signs of human construction before Islam, were positioned in the civilizations which came after the human gathering which represented the needs for the human life's laws. That's why we talked about the Greek, the Eastern, Mesopotamian, and the Nile civilizations which had a great influence on the human construction. Civilizations are the product of man's interaction with nature, and every achievement of any civilization is considered as an accomplishment for human; accordingly the Arab and foreign scientists have done well in the fields of science, philosophy, religious issues which are of great benefit in construction. That's why the fields of construction were clear in the ancient civilization like the pyramids, dam of Ma'rib, hung gardens in Babylon, Wall of China along with the appearance of great philosophers like Aristotle, Plato, Confucius and others. Concerning the construction in Islam , the social system was taken from the holy Quran and prophet Mohammed's instructions, taking into consideration building a safe social system where justice and intimacy prevailed among humans. The role of human construction has continued and rooted during the era of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him) and it was very clear during the era of Malik Al - Ashtar , who symbolized the fair judge. The role of Imam Zain Al - Abideen (peace be upon him) and his scroll '' Al - Saheefa Al - Sajadiyah'' in organizing the society affairs was very clear and considered by the United Nations as one of the most important scrolls in human rights. The constructors of the first three centuries after hegira have established philosophy , human construction, the role of the ruler and people , the importance of power and institutions. Those people had a great role in spreading Islam in east and west. Hence the importance of scientists and intellectuals in society shows that the significance of pen exceeds the importance of power. A group of contemporary intellectuals have participated in completing the basis put by the ancient intellectuals like Al - Jahih, Al - Farabi, Mascaweih ,Bairuni, Mawardi, Ibn - Khaldoon and others. Iraq and Arab home have been exposed to sabotage across ages. The destruction of man and environment has been negatively reflected on the human construction by the other invading civilizations. For that reason Iraq and Islamic Arab home have been considered the core of construction achievement. The third wave of civilization which represents the other face of globalization has destroyed the environment. The role of chaos and one action theory has a clear effect on human construction. Thus, the creative chaos means the destructive chaos which is planned to be a means of supporting the idea of civilizations clashes among nations and people, and this what has been noticed in our present. Justice is missing nowadays in the World because of globalization since 90% of wealth goes to luxurious people and only 10% goes to other people. Where is justice? This has led to a state of imbalance in the World. Human construction which has established on stability aimed at spreading justice among people making use of the proposals that scientists and intellectuals have come up with in the fields of social construction. The engineering construction as well, starts affecting by the social construction since there is no use of living miserably in a luxurious place or building and man's dignity is threatened because of globalization.

مفهوم الحضارة في الفكر الغربي المعاصر : هربرت ماركيوز، كولن ولسن، الفن توفلر نماذج منتخبة == The concept of Civilization in the Contemporary Western thought.. Herbert marcuse , colin wilson , Alvin Toffler : specific aspects

Author name: ماجد حميد راضي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الله جرو الخالدي
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Philosophy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الخطاب السياسي عند ادوارد سعيد == The political discours of EDWARD SAID

Author name: عدي حسن مزعل
Supervisor name: فيصل غازي مجهول
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Philosophy
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study analytically and critically discusses the political discourse of the American - Palestinian critic Edward Said (1936 - 2003). Edward Said wrote in many fields such as history, anthropology, the role of intellect, exile, the domination of media, cultural pluralism, religion, war, music, identity, Palestinian Issue for which he devoted many works, and literary critics, his field of specialization for which he assigned some works such as his dissertation for doctorate which was entitled "Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of autobiography" as well as "Beginnings : Intention and Method" and "The World, the Text and the Critic". However, the main domain that represents his project and expresses the essence of his ideas is the one which deals with the relationship between culture and colonialism, which is revealed in his products "Orientalism", and "Culture and Imperialism", and then, to a lesser degree "The Question of Palestine" and "Covering Islam".Edward Said was one of those who had experienced closely the effects of colonialism in dispersing, exiling and distorting the other whom the colonial culture ranked in the lower grade. This experience had a great influence on Said's intellectual engagements; rather it became a main source for reading western culture and its relation with imperialism. That culture arose in the age of enlightenment and lasted for long periods to be subject to an epistemic pattern which was resulted in what would be later known as "Western - Centrism". Such a centrism lasted for a long time without any radical critical revision to its construction and was embodied in epistemic systems like those that were resulted by Orientalism, the epistemic field whose ascension and spread synchronized with the expansion of great European powers, such as Britain and France, and later the United States of America, which, as a great post - world war power, inherited the traditions of Orientalism from Europe. Edward Said was among the most prominent critics who contributed in revising that culture, the revision upon which a new field was founded and was later known as post - colonialism studies. All that would not have happened without Said's strong and sedate arguments which came in accompaniment of his method; a pure western method borrowed from the most influential thinkers in western culture, especially Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. This is an essential point which interprets the strength and importance of his works. Moreover, he treated areas which seemed, in essence, stable and beyond dispute. This was apparent in his two basic works "Orientalism" and "Culture and Imperialism

الانسان في فكر اوشو : دراسة في منجز الفلسفة الهندية المعاصرة

Author name: حرير بدر عباس
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الله الخالدي
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Philosophy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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المنجز الفكري لعبد الوهاب المسيري == Abdul Wahab Al - Misseeri’s ALmunjaz Alfikri

Author name: جوان خليل عزاوي
Supervisor name: علي جبار عناد الجوراني
General topic: Philosophy
Specific topic: Modern Philosophy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دور يوسف باشا القرمانلي السياسي في طرابلس الغرب (1795 - 1832م) == The Political Role Of Yusuf Pasha Alqurmanli In Tripoli (1795 - 1832 A.D)

Author name: ايمان محمد عبد علوان
Supervisor name: كفاح احمد محمد النجار
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد دراسة الشخصيات السياسية في البلدان العربية، من المواضيع المعقدة لما تحتويه من الغموض التاريخي لاسيما في التاريخ العربي الحديث لقلة المراجع التاريخية المعاصرة لتلك الشخصيات. ويعد يوسف باشا القرمانلي من طراز الشخصيات الكبرى في التاريخ الحديث، وابرز شخصي | The study of political figures in Arab countries is considered one of the complicated subjects for what it contains of historical mystery especially in the Modern Arabic History. This is due to the lack of contemporary historical references for these characters. Yusuf Pasha Al Karamanli is considered one model of the great figures in the modern history, the most notable of the Karamanli family and the longest rule among them (1795 - 1832). His rule witnessed important international events such as the Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the French Campaign in Egypt, and Yusuf Pasha did a distinguished role in this international conflict. His internal and external policies left huge effect on the conditions of Tripoli Eyalet.The nature of the study requires the distribution of the thesis into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter “Tripoli under Yusuf Pasha Alqurmanli Management (1795 - 1832m)” includes four sections. I dealt, in the first section, with the conditions of Tripoli Eyalet and the most important stages of its modern history, whereas in the second chapter, I dealt with the way the Al Karamanli family succeeded the throne. As well I dealt with the familial disintegration which erupted among Ali Pasha’s sons, Ali Al Jazairi’s control, the help appeals by the Al Karamanli family members to the Bey of Tunis Hamouda Pasha. I also dealt with the role of Ali Al Karamanli for the liberation of Tripoli; while in the third section, I dealt with a historical glimpse about the life of Yusuf Al Karamanli. In the fourth section, I dealt with his internal policy especially.The second chapter is entitled “The Foreign Policy of Yusuf Pasha (1795 - 1832).” I dealt in the first section with Yusuf Pasha’s foreign policy towards Ottoman Empire and the Arab Eyalets (1795 - 1832). The second section deals with the relation of Yusuf Pasha with the foreign countries (France and Britain), and in the third section I dealt with the Italian Statelets.The third chapter is entitled “Yusuf Pasha Alqurmanli Relations Tripoli - US (1795 - 1832(” In the first section, I deal with the stages of the origination and development of the Tripoli - American relations (1795 - 1801). In the second sections, I deal with the conditions of the outbreak of the war between the two countries. The third section is dedicated to the holding of the Reconciliation Treaty in 1805 after which the relations stabilized even though it witnessed some misunderstanding amongst the two parties Until the end of the rule of Yusuf Pasha in 1832.Then comes the fourth chapter, which is entitled “The Frailty and Fall of Yusuf Pasha’s Rule,” in which I deal with the reasons of frailty storming Yusuf Pasha’s rule during its last days. I also tracked, in the second section, Abdul Jalil Saif Al Nasr’s revolution that erupted since 1831. The third section was dedicated for the reasons obliging Yusuf Pasha to declare his resign from ruling passing it to his son Ali Bek. I deal in the conclusions with the findings of my study
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كونراد اديناور ودوره في السياسة الخارجية لالمانيا الاتحادية (1949 - 1963) == Konrad Adenauer And His Role In Foreign Policy Of Federal Germany 1949 - 1963

Author name: محمد سمير خزعل
Supervisor name: اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After the 2nd world war Germany had witnessed many great and important changes affected on its future for decades, especially its Spilt into two Germanys , Federal and Democratic, this Spilt occurred two contradictory countries, one followed the western countries and the other followed the Soviet Union. This came according to the results of the 2nd world war. So west Germany fell as a victim of division to United States, Great Britain and France which represented Federal Germany later, and Soviet Union occupied the eastern Part and founded Democratic Germany.These events led to weakness and division of Germany among the four countries, but the German political elites worked for reposition of Germany among countries, particularly in Federal Germany, where Adenauer rose as an important personality in Germany, according to his long experience since the German Empire and Republic of Weimar and then his opposition to Hitler's regime. Then he took an important role in formation the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which contained the high political personalities who had a role in Republic of Weimar and were opponents to Hitler.The Dissertation consists of an introduction, four Chapters and a conclusions , the first chapter, entitled Konrad Adenauer and his first political activities until 1949, Which divided into four sections, The first tackled Konrad Adenauer : his life and beginnings till 1917. And the second section studied Konrad Adenauer as a mayor of cologne 1917 - 1933 which clarified his role in modernization of the city and his attitude from the general politics of Weimar Republic, the third section showed Adenauer during the period of the third Reich 1933 - 1945 which clarified his suffering of Hitler's regime, and the Fourth section talked the role of Adenauer after the 2nd world war and the foundation of the Christian Democratic Union until 1949, Which clarified his role as a mayor after the War and foundation of the (CDU).The Second Chapter studied the Role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1949 - 1953, Which divided into four sections, the first deals with the Elections Campaign and foundation of Federal Republic of Germany, and the second section included the basic principles of the German's foreign politics and the beginning of allying with occident, the third section followed the role of Adenauer in betterment the relationship between Federal Germany and France. The fourth section talked Adenauer and the cold war.The Third Chapter covered the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1954 - 1957, which divided into four sections, the first talked Adenauer's role in joined federal Germany in NATO. The second section clarify the attitude of Adenauer from the meeting of the four powers in Geneva and the Unity of Germany. The third section covered the attitude of the three allies from foundation of the German army. The fourth section deals with the role of Adenauer in forming the European Economic Community (EEC).The fourth chapter Focused on the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1958 - 1963 , Which divided into four sections , the first studied the policy of Adenauer towards France 1958 - 1963. The second section asserted on the policy of Adenauer towards Britain 1958 - 1963. The third one studied the Attitude of Adenauer from Berlin crisis 1958 - 1961. The fourth and last section concentrated on the ends of Adenauer until his death 1967.The thesis has reached several conclusions , the main were : - Adenauer was different in his directions after the 2nd world war than before, because he thought the new stage needs new political visions, especially after the failure of Weimar Republic in realizing democracy, therefore he didn't return to the central party, but he founded a new party believes in equality in religions, so that some of protestant politicians joined his party. - Adenauer could drawing foreign politics suitable to German reality, and he succeeded in applying what he called in electoral program. - The Advantage of Adenauer wasn't for Germany only but for Europe in general, because what he done to create the European Economic Community was a clear evidence to his keenness on European Nation, so that he participated in foundation a union gathering European countries in all fields. - Adenauer perpetrated many mistakes at the end of his rule resulted hatred of some politicians to him and decreasing in his popularity, particularly when he was nominated as a president and then dragging his nomination, he gave a less value to the post of president, and he excluded the political competitors. - we can certainly say that Adenauer in spite of his personal autocratic tendencies was genuinely committed to liberal democracy, and that for 95 per cent of the time he acted within the parameters of the ‘Chancellor democracy’ existed in the sense that the Federal Republic had a very powerful chief executive in the Adenauer years (1949 - 63), or, to be more precise, it had such a person until 1961. It did not exist in the sense of its having an autocratic Chancellor
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الاقباط ودورهم السياسي في مصر : مكرم عبيد انمـوذجا (1919 - 1952)

Author name: هدى جابر سلمان الخفاجي
Supervisor name: ابراهيم خلف عبد المجيد العبيدي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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الطرق التجارية في العراق القديم ابان العهد الفرثي 247ق.م - 226م == Trade Routes In The Ancient Iraq During The Parthian (247 Bc - 226 AD)

Author name: اثار علي كليكل جالس
Supervisor name: جواد مطر الحمد الموسوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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تطور النقود الاندلسية واثرها في الحياة الاقتصادية 92 - 897هـ/711 - 1492م == Develoment Of Andalusian Crrencies And Their Impact On Economic Life (92 - 897 AH / 711 - 1492 AD)

Author name: زينب يوسف غلام الاركوازي
Supervisor name: صباح خابط عزيز سعيد الحميداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After the study which was entitled " development of Andalusian Currencies and their impact on economic life 92 - 897/711 - 1492), there are some points to be mentioned : - Arabs in Andalusia during the Islamic conquer, kept the Byzantine currencies, which included Christian inscriptions, signs and symbols, in accordance with the policy of intolerance adopted by Arabs in dealing with nations they conquered. - During the Emirate era, Emir Abdurrahman Al - Dakhil kept only currencies used during his entering Andalusia in use. - During the Caliphate era, the first new golden currency emerged in Andalusia in the reign of Caliph Abdurrahman al - Nassir the Third in (316 H - 928 AD) once he announced himself a Caliph on Andalusia. From that time till the end of the Umayyad reign in Andalusia the names and titles of Umayyad Caliphs were put on the back of the currencies beside the name of the monetizing house and the year. After the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia became weak about (400 H - 1010 AD), Andalusian governors started monetizing their own currencies, many of which were of Umayyad design to an extent that some Emirs monetized currencies with names of ex - caliphs whose reigns were ended long before. - Kings of Taifas during their era put their names and titles on the currencies most of which were parts of dinar which were monetized with bad type of gold. This revealed the worse political and economic state then. - During the Almoravids era, Andalusia witnessed some progress in monetizing currencies. The Almoravids currency was important to an extent that it was not only used in Andalusia, but in all other states. It acquired the trust of merchants and currency dealers. - During the Almohads era, their currency was characterized by its angled or squared shape and of high value, particularly the Mu'mini dinar, after the name of the Almohads' caliph Abdul - Mu'min bin Ali. - During the era of Bani - Nasr (Sultans of Granada) the most important feature in their currency was the motto (No Conqueror but Allah - Granada). - Andalusian determined the exchange rate of currencies in markets. - The authority was interested in monitoring markets and putting an end to currency forgery and manipulating them by appointing a market administrator (Muhtassib) who was responsible for all affairs in the markets; trading, production, and monitoring goods prices in markets and determining them to suit poor sects
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اثر علماء المغرب في الحياة العلمية ببلاد الاندلس في عهدي المرابطين والموحدين 484 - 668 هـ / 1091 - 1268م

Author name: هند فاضل جمعة السامرائي
Supervisor name: نوال ناظم محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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الامبراطور اوكتافيوس اغسطس ودوره في تاسيس الامبراطورية الرومانية 36 ق.م 41 م == Emperor Octavius Augustus And His Role In The Founding Of The Romanian Empire 63 B.C - 14 A.D )

Author name: ريم صالح عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: ميثم عبد الكاظم النوري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Emperor Octavius Augustus is considered one of the prominent characters who played an effective role in the history of the Roman Empire through his establishment to a new political system known in the roman history by Empire System. The nations of the empire witnessed a prosperity in all the aspects of life, as his policy was drawn on the basis of spreading peace in all of the empire so his reign was known as the Augustus peace reign.Throughout the study of the emperor Octavius biography a very important issue clarified to us which adoption which was very common at that age and due to it the emperor Augustus managed to inherent his mother's uncle and his adopted Julius Caesar as destiny wished to him to be the first emperor.His personality was described as intelligent and military and political ability whom he surrounded by patience which enabled him to reach out his goals although he ruled the Roman Empire with Antonius and Lepidus legally and publically based on the second triple government but he managed to remove them and rule individually.The emperor divided the rule of the empire between him and the sanato council so he called them the sanatory state and empire and made several reforms in Rome to strengthen the empire rule on all levels like the administrative, military, economic, social and construction so his era was considered one of the best peace and prosperity in which Rome became one of the greatest cities in the Roman Empire.As for his external policy which was described with good reasoning and managing the issues was from his expansion policy in submitting the nations whom he used towards the western states enabled him to establish security in it while the eastern states he forced his control on them and applied some new regulations in all life aspects. As for the external relations, he had peace relations with the Firthian states in the Arabic peninsula after the failure of the military campaign on Yemen which changed his mind from controlling to seeking peace.His reign lasted for 41 years in which he managed to expand the lands of the Roman Empire and managing them through depending on a group of professional people in the state who played their role indirectly and were faithful to the emperor like Agrebia and Mikanas and some of his consultant and military leaders.
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اثر حضارة بلاد الرافدين في شعوب سورية القديمة (2800 - 539 ق. م) : المعتقدات الدينية والادب انموذجا == The Impact Of The Civilization Of Mesopotamia, On The Ancient Syrian Peoples (2800 - 539. B.C.) Religious Beliefs And Literature As An Example

Author name: عبد اللطيف عائد عباس صويلح التميمي
Supervisor name: عامر حمزة حسين الغريب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The civilization of Mesopotamia is one of authentic civilizations that have influenced many nations and ancient peoples, and became the focus of interest since ancient times, benefiting from its creativity and circulating its news, especially in the religious and literary sides, and among those people affected by the civilization of Mesopotamia are the peoples of ancient Syria. Our study, therefore, is an attempt to penetrate in that influence, despite the fact that many of the researches and theses have addressed this subject, but they did not address the impact of the civilization of Mesopotamia in ancient Syrian peoples, with respect to religious and literary sides, it has not received enough study and analysis. Hence the importance of studying the topic has emerged because it highlights the important aspect of the originality of the civilization of Mesopotamia, and the extent to which the ancient Syrian peoples got affected by these two sides. Our study consists of three chapters preceded by a prologue that addresses the authenticity of the civilization of Mesopotamia and provides archaeological evidence of that authenticity. The first chapter, within three sections, discusses religion characteristics, literature, and the factors that contributed to their spread, while the second chapter which also included three sections, addresses Mesopotamian religious influences in the ancient Syrian religion, including the gods, rituals of the doctrine of the fertile, daily acts of worship, building of the temples, burial ritual, and the priests. The third chapter, in its three sections, deals with literary influences of Mesopotamian myths, epics, poetry, and the wisdom literature. The study concluded the most important findings of the researcher and the most important of which are the following : 1 - The civilization of Mesopotamia is characterized with the authenticity and originality the roots of which extend in the depth of human existence. That has been shown clearly through exhibiting a number of archaeological examples that showed that originality.2 - One of the most important factors that have helped to spread the Mesopotamian religious beliefs and moral codes is trade that contributed to the delivery of the civilization of Mesopotamia to neighboring and distant countries. In addition, the military expansion carried out by the kings of Mesopotamia had a significant impact in these two aspects of the spread of civilization. 3 - The religions of the peoples of ancient Syria are noted to have been affected by the characteristics of the religion of Mesopotamia, such as multiple gods and other aspects that those peoples borrowed various rituals and acts of worship the origins of most of them go back to Mesopotamia and they added to them some characteristics as they wish.4 - Most of the ugaritic and biblical myths are noted to have Mesopotamian roots, that the ugaritic and biblical writer quoted a lot of the texts of literature, especially those that are related to the myths, legends, and poetry, in addition to that the ugaritic got influenced by the Mesopotamian advice and guidance. The writers of the Old Testament were familiar with the Mesopotamian wisdom, especially the wisdom of Ahiqar, the Assyrian laureate sage, from which they quoted the educational wisdom texts. They introduced lot of the Mesopotamia texts in the texts of the biblical books after altering and employing them in accordance with their religious views
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المراسلات الادارية للامبراطورية الاشورية الحديثة (911 - 612 ق.م) تجاه حكام المقاطعات == Modern Assyrian Empire'S Administrative Correspondences To The Governors Of Territories (911 - 612 B.C.)

Author name: فاتن حميد قاسم
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Administrative correspondences are considered of vital significance for any country or empire which kings keep on governing and ruling, and its importance like arteries for human body. The inception of the documentation of such correspondences can be traced back to the invention and spread of the writing system. Correspondences take a special place in the Cuneiform and historical studies since they are regarded as the most important historical resources for identifying the politics and civilization of Assyrian Empire exposing the life nature and administrative organization of the empire at that time, and this is the reason behind choosing such a topic as the main focus of this study. The present study falls into four chapters with an introduction. Chapter one deals with the nature of Assyrian administrative correspondences in the First Thousand B.C., and sub - divided into three sections. Section one is an introductory overview of correspondences and territories from linguistic and technical perspectives. Section two studies the formats of administrative correspondences. Section three sheds light on the employees of administrative correspondences (messengers) and their role in the Assyrian political and military life. Chapter two highlights the main Assyrian territories in terms of their geographical distribution. It is sub - divided into four sections. Section one examines the central territories, and section two studies the northern, western and west northern territories. Section three covers the eastern and south eastern territories, whereas section four tackles the southern territories. Chapter three examines the contents and themes of administrative correspondences. It has three sections. Section one spots light on the interior security affairs and laws abiding, the diplomatic tactics, and the intelligence system. Section two deals with the military correspondences, recruiting system and military campaigns. Section three, on the other hand, is mainly concerned with Assyrian mailing and communication system. Chapter four covers the administrative correspondences for economic and constructional aspects. It is sub - divided into three sections. Section one deals with the economic correspondences. Section two is limited to the constructional and architectural correspondences. Section three deals with diversified Assyrian correspondences. Finally, the study is concluded with a number of findings : Assyrian administrative correspondences show the kings? interference in every aspect of territories, and most correspondences sent by the governors were answers to the kings? messages. Also, there is a large number of correspondences approximating to 2000 messages covering different aspects, and some of these correspondences in script forms are not safe as many of them smashed and broken.

ابن حبان البستي (ت354 هـ) منهجه وموارده في كتاب السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء == Ibn Hubban Al - Busti(Died In 354 A.H.) : His Methodology And Sources Of Writing In Al - Sira Al - Nabaiyya, And Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'A

Author name: نشات حميد جاسم عريمط المحمدي
Supervisor name: مرتضى حسن النقيب
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كان اختيارنا لموضوع ابن حبان منهجه وموارده في كتاب ( السيرة النبوية واخبار الخلفاء ) لما له من اهمية حيث يعد ابن حبان البستي من اعلام القرن الرابع الهجري واحد اوعية الزمان في العلم والثقافة الموسوعية في اوسع حدودها وازهى عصورها. حيث ياخذ ابن حبان البستي ا | The choice of the subject (Ibn Hubban methodology and sources of writing ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) is for the importance that Ibn Hubban Al - Basti. is considered one of the remarkable figures in the fourth A.H century and one of the vital vessels in religious science and encyclopedic culture of his time. Ibn Hubban Al - Basti has gotten this great importance in Islamic history because of his writings and works which were of great benefit to the past Arabic Islamic generations and are still useful for many people till now.The thesis is divided into three chapters, an introduction , and analysis of results that the researcher has reached with a list of the most important sources and references on which the researcher depends in writing the thesis , in addition to an appendix that enriches the study with some explanations The first chapter includes the history and life of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti (died in 354 A.H. /965 A.D. ) and it is subdivided into three sections.The first section deals with the history of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti , his name , surname , origin , ancestry, and his birth.We also mention something about Bust city in which he was born and grew up , the location of the city , historical importance , and its description by the historians. Then, we tackled Ibn Hubban's family, growing up, , seek for knowledge, and death. The second section includes the scientific status of Ibn Hubban and the opinion of (ulama) in his history. Ibn Hubban's journey to seek knowledge , the places he reached, people he got his knowledge from in each country are also mentioned. Finally , his works and publications are listed.The third section includes the problems that he faced , the troubles that he got through , and defense of the (ulama) for his personality. His teachers as well as his disciples are mentioned in this section. The second chapter includes the methodology of Ibn Hubban Al - Busti in his book ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)). This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part introduce the readers to the book , this in turn includes the title of the book, the status of his work among texts of Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya, and the causes for writing this book. The second part contains the general organization and size, as well as explanation of the elements of the book.The third and last chapter reviews source material of ((Al - Sira Al - Nabawiyya ,and Akhbar Al - Kuhlafa'a)) and the most important narrators to whom Ibn Hubban listen to write his book. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section includes the most significant sources of narration in Al Busti's book, Quran verses, the Hadith traditions , the poetry quotes including Prophet Mohammed's events , and the beginnings of the Islamic da'wah. The second part includes the narrators who pied coup Ibn Hubban historical stories in the book.The conclusion of the study includes our findings about Ibn Hubban Al - Busti and his biography , stories and methodology in the sira.
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المشاريع والنظم الاروائية في بلاد اشور ابان العصر الاشوري الحديث 911 - 612 ق.م == The Projects And Systems 0F Irrigation In Assyria At The Neo - Assyrian Period (911 - 612 B.C)

Author name: راكان فرج عازر ميخا الخياط
Supervisor name: خالد سالم اسماعيل
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Water is one of the most important necessities of life and settlements, and its supply on a permanent basis in Mesopotamia was of concern to people and rulers alike, wherein irrigation and control of water have been nerve of life, and the extent of its development shows the degree of development of the city in any spot.Assyria, despite its reliance in agriculture, almost absolutely, on the rain, but irrigation was necessary for the settlement that it has reached an advanced degree of development, taking advantage of accumulated experience of the residents of southern Mesopotamia.This thesis studies irrigation projects during the modern Assyrian era (911 - 612 B.C.), a topic that occupies a great importance in the Assyrian field studies, which although taken by a number of studies, yet these studies often suffer from generalization and superficiality in judgments, the lack of the physical evidence and the obsoleteness of the documentation. The goal is to show two things; first is the large number of Assyrian irrigation projects such as digging canals and wells, etc., and second is the development of irrigation systems and methods in Assyria in various aspects, the spread of settlements and land investment in agriculture, thus Assyria producing its food, not depending on the submissive regions.This thesis consists of three chapters. The first has been divided into four sections, which deal with Assyria in terms of geography, agricultural and water potentials, the appropriateness of Assyria for irrigation, and the degree of influence of Babylonia on Assyria in terms of establishing irrigation projects and mentioning some details about the Assyrian experience in establishing various methods of irrigation and presentingevidence about the irrigation business of kings and rulers of the provinces.Chapter II deals with the irrigation projects in the cities of Kalhu, Imgur - Enlil (Balawat), Dur - Sharrukin, the city of Ashur, and Arbailu and the latest developments in information about these projects in addition to mentioning some details of a project that has not been known before is Imgur - Enlil (Balawat) city irrigation project.Chapter III concerns Sennacherib project to irrigate the capital of Nineveh, several aspects of which are still in need of further clarification. This chapter has been divided into six sections. The first deals with the city of Nineveh and its location and need for water.The rest of the sections relate to the stages of the project starting from the first stage of Kisiri canal to Musri mount canals, Eighteen canals, and canals of the Northern System, which include canals Malthayaa (Malti), Faida, Tarbisu, Tel - Uskof, and Khinis system stage.This study, in addition to highlighting the Assyrian expertise in the field of irrigation, has come up with results such as adding new information in several aspects, the most notable of which is the presence of irrigation project to the city of Assyrian previously unknown by researchers namely Imgur - Enlil city as this project probably dates back to the era of its founder Ashur - Nasir - Pal II(883 - 859B.C). or the reign of his son, King Shalmaneser III (858 - 824 B.C.), and considering the project of Sennacherib composed of five stages not four as previously thought, with redefining the locations of many cities such as the location of Me, Kukut and Bitura cities, and the mountains such as Tas mountain in addition to mentioning information for the first time concerning the canal Faida, its depth and its extent and newly discovered sites.
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دور الاسرة البويونية في تاريخ مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية (492 - 525هـ /1099 - 1131م) == The Role Of The Bouillons In The History Of The Crusader Kingdom Of Jerusalem (492 - 525 A.H/1099 - 1131 A.D)

Author name: امير محمد حيدر الطائي
Supervisor name: ليث شاكر محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: By the end of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar, the Islamic world had witnessed a major turning point over the crusader invasion of the center of the Islamic world. The campaign succeeded in establishment of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 429 Higri/ 1099 AD; Godfrey of Bouillon had led the crusaders, and the Bouillons had the big contribution to the success of the first crusade since its launch (489 - 492 Higri/ 1096 - 1099 AD), until the crusaders took over Jerusalem in 492 Higri/1099 AD. The Bouillons endured the burden of defending crusade interests and fixing pillars of the crusade existences in Levant for two centuries.The dissertation has been divided into introduction, five chapters, conclusion, the references list and annexes.The first chapter addressed the situations of Europe and Islamic world in late of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar. The second chapter addressed the role of the Bouillons in the First Crusade. As for third chapter, it addressed the relationship of Crusader Kingdom with Fatimid State, Seljuks, and The Byzantine Empire. And the fourth chapter addressed the political, administrative, religious and military systems. As for the fifth chapter, it addressed the social and economic life in the Crusader Kingdom.Godfrey's ruling lasted for one year only (492 - 493 Higri/ 1099 - 1100 AD), therefore, we cannot evaluate his era nor understand his strategy. However, Godfrey's effective role to the success of the first crusade, was the reason of selecting him as a king of Jerusalem, and crowning him after defeating the Fatimid in Ashkelon battle during the same year.Baldwin I of Jerusalem (493 - 511 Higri/ 110 - 1118 AD) is the first real founder of the Crusader Kingdom. the kingdom was greatly expanded in his era. He took over the cities of Arsuf and Caesarea in (494 Higri/ 1101 AD), Acre in (497 Higri/ 1104 AD), Tripoli (502 Higri/ 1109AD), Beirut (503 Higri/ 1110 AD), and Sidon in (504 Higri/ 1111 AD). His strategy was to link the crusade kingdoms with Western Europe through the Mediterranean Sea, the new king succeeded to reach that end with collaboration from fleets of the Italian cities.Reign of Baldwin II (511 - 525 Higri/ 1118 - 1131 AD) is regarded a continuation of the Baldwin I. The crusaders, during his term, could take over the city of Sour in (518Higri/ 1124AD). Political, administrative, social, religious, and economic laws and regulations began to shape very clearly.Thus, the Crusader Kingdom became a major power in the heart of the Islamic world, and a real risk to the Levant and Egyptian cities.
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الحركات الاسلامية في العراق خلال عهد عبد السلام عارف : دراسة تاريخية == Islamic Movements In The Iraq During The Reign Of Previous President Abdulsalam Arif Historical Study

Author name: تقى مؤيد فاضل الشيخلي
Supervisor name: وسن سعيد عبود الكرعاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Islamic movement got very important political , social and religious position. This thesis focused on the role of Islamic movement which occupied high - ranking place in its history that practiced dangerous roles affected in the movements, making events and positions via its instructions and formal legal opinions issued in different times played decisive role in the events and occurrences. Accordingly the research was selected for many reasons : - 1. Ignoring those movements upon academic studies level which were specified for many topics, perhaps because of main reason of severe control imposed by previous governments upon those studies. 2. This thesis concentrate on explaining Iraqi real position of Islamic approximation experienced by the people due to enlightenment spiritual leadership of these movements confronted all sectarian aspects and focused on finding correct foundations built on equality , justice and confront the mistakes of previous governments by all possible means and approaches. Therefore it is an attempt to animate Islamic movements history that found correct solutions and treatments useful for our status que.3. Focusing the light upon the role of Islamic movements at reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif will enable us to analyze the reasons which are behind religious , political , cultural and reforming achievements and influence of these movements in living of Iraqi people to reflect clear prospective and vision about the qualification of Islamic movements in employing its religious position to direct the 4. nation and activate the events. Accordingly we devote great attention upon the study of Islamic movements which comes under the title " Islamic movements in Iraq during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif - Historical study ".The thesis included preface , four chapters with introduction and conclusion. Preface was under the title of " Islamic movements - Study of the concept and modern beginning" as historical view of intellectual , social and religious real situation which helped in developing political awareness at Islamic movements in Iraq.First chapter was dealing with (( organizational structure of reformatory Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif )) which focus on beginning of these movements , their objectives , its organizational structures , principles and method that followed. The second chapter was under the title of " organizational structure of alteration Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif ". This chapter was specified for studying the beginning of alteration Islamic movements , their objectives , its organizational structures , principles and method that applied. Third chapter was under the title of " the position of Islamic movements from the procedures taken by Abdulsalam Arif "focusing upon the situation experienced by Islamic movements during the reign of previous president Abdulsalam Arif since its participation in coup of 8th February till the accusation case of Abdulsalam Arif for following sectarian approach. Chapter four was under the title of " the position of Islamic movements from national & external cases" included some topics expressed position of Islamic movements from Kurdish case and external cases till the death of Abdulsalam Arif and prosperity of Islamic movements.The thesis depended upon different group of published and unpublished documents , academic thesis , dissertations Arabic books , Arabist, foreign , manuscripts and encyclopedia which covered the period of the subject. The ultimate goal of the researcher is that she has succeeded in her task in order to regard such humble efforts useful step focusing upon an important page of Iraqi modern history.
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اتحاد جامعة الدول الامريكية 1933 - 1948 : دراسة تاريخية == Pan - American Union (3311 - 3391) : A Historical Study

Author name: خالد عبد نمال حوران
Supervisor name: حسن علي سبتي الفتلاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The topic of Pan American Union (1311 - 1391) is considered as one of the most important topics in the American history in general and in the history of the United States in particular for its distinguished role in the American Unity. The American regional order appeared as an ambition and as a high example in 1181, but its transformation into an agency that represents all the republics of the western hemisphere began in 1113 when the first international conference was held for the United States in Washington, while the last stage of its development was in 1391 when the charter of the organization of the American States was signed in Bogot?. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with the development of the idea and the function of Pan American Union until 1311. The second chapter was dedicated for the study of the United States' exploit of Pan American Union for the purpose of dominating the neighborhood. The third chapter traced the development of Pan American Union's attitudes towards the regional and the international developments during second World War (1313 - 1391). The fourth chapter focused on the development of the Union's attitudes and its regional and international attitude after second World War till1391. The study was based on various sources and arrived at some findings that can be briefed as follows : - The establishment of Pan American Union was entirely as a response to the need for facing the aggression threat from outside and search for an alternative for intervention from one side, i.e, United States of America. Although the American joint action in the western hemisphere began late in 13th century with the establishment of a commercial office for information broadcast concerning commercial exchange and customs legislation among Latin America countries conference as a result of holding the first conference in Washington (8,November 1113 - 3,April 1131) had helped the declaration of what is called the "Pan American Union "among the American States at he conclusion of the proceedings of the American conference held in Buenos Aires (18 July - 11 August 1311). - With the inauguration of Franklin Roosevelt as president of the United States of America in 1311 and announcing that he would follow a good neighbor policy and non - interference in other countries, affairs in the western hemisphere, the road was open for the transformation of a unilateral commitment of the United States of America intoa joint commitment of the United States as a whole, especially with the approach of second World War. - In July 1391, the council of ministers of foreign affairs of American States decided in a meeting in Havana considering an aggression directed from any non - American state against any American states as an aggression against all the American states. - The Pan American Union, for another time, in its conference held in Mexico in 1391 emphasized on the principle of collective security. - In 1391, the United States put their obligation of mutual assistance and consultation in case of aggression in a cultural framework under Rio treaty of mutual assistance. - The organization of American States was founded in 1391in the 3th conference in Bogot? and its exercise was affected by this framework in which it found the principles and the objectives of the organization American States
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محمد صديق شنشل ودوره السياسي في العراق حتى عام 1959

Author name: سمير عبد الرسول عبد الله العبيدي
Supervisor name: غازي دحام فهد المرسومي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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محمود فوزي ودوره الدبلوماسي والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1974 == Mahmoud Fawzi And His Diplomatic And Political Role In Egypt Until 1974

Author name: ياسمين محمود عبد جاسم
Supervisor name: نادية ياسين عبد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studied the diplomat and political figure Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi, who is considered one of the most prominent Egyptian figures. Many reasons stood behind choosing this subject, the character of Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi , that he was an experienced brilliant diplomat and assumed many diplomatic posts in a number of Egyptian embassies in many countries around the world starting from his work at the Egyptian consulate in Rome and being the Egypt delegate at the United Nations body during the government of Fahmi Nuqrashi in a very critical period, namely the period of issuance of the decision of partitioning Palestine. In addition, Mahmoud Fawzi was appointed to be the first foreign minister of Egypt after the revolution of July 23, 1952 in the era of Jamal Abdel Nasser. The thesis has been divided into three chapters, the first chapter was titled ((Mahmoud Fawzi and his diplomatic role until 1952)) wherein the first section touched upon the life and upbringing of Mahmoud Fawzi and the second section dealt with the diplomatic role of Mahmoud Fawzi and his support for the Palestinian cause through his work in the Egyptian diplomatic corps and his appointment as a consul in Al - Quds during the years 1941 - 1944. The third section revealed Mahmoud Fawzi’s efforts as the representative of Egypt to the United Nations Commission from 1946 to 1949. The second chapter which was titled ((political role of Mahmoud Fawzi in the era of President Jamal Abdel Nasser (1952 - 1970) )) showed Mahmoud Fawzi’s role in the British - Egyptian negotiations on 19 October 1954, and the role of Mahmoud Fawzi in Egypt's Foreign policy vital issues in 1955 , starting form Banthung Conference to strike the Egyptian - Czechoslovakian arms deal. This chapter also touched on the role of Mahmoud Fawzi in facing the Suez crisis and the triple aggression against Egypt in 1956, and his activity during the years 1958 - 1969 through his efforts in the defense of Arab causes. The third chapter was titled (the political role of Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi during the reign of Anwar As - Sadat in 1970 until 1974), which focused on the political activity of Mahmoud Fawzi during his assumption of the post of Prime Minister of Egypt for the years 1970 to 1972, and then a vice president from 1972 to 1974.The study, at the end, reached at many conclusions, where Mahmoud Fawzi was distinguished at that he had a philosophy in diplomacy and life, and has derived his philosophy in meditation and its features were crystallized and clarified in his mind when he spent years in Japan. There he found an opportunity for reflection, planning, work and success and learned from the Japanese things which left their effects on the features of his character.The work of Mahmoud Fawzi, as a representative of Egypt to the United Nations Commission after the year 1946, had an impact in the refinement of his political personality in particular it was in a very critical period, namely the period of issuance of the partitioning of Palestine's resolution as he made the best of his efforts and cooperated with the Arab delegations to stand against its issuance and even after the partitioning resolution he continued his efforts to prevent the implementation of that resolution. The real fame of Mahmoud Fawzi began in the wake of the revolution of July 23, 1952, as the Egyptian Foreign Ministry was assigned to him. He left a good impact in the field of foreign policy that his fingerprints were clear in signing the British evacuation of Egypt Convention, which is considered the first political experience for him when he was a foreign minister. He also had a role in the management of the Suez crisis in 1956, that he had a role in the conviction of the tripartite aggression against Egypt in the United Nations headquarters, which precipitated the defeat of aggression. Mahmoud Fawzi’s efforts in the headquarters of the United Nations, during the June war in1967, had an impact in confronting the Israeli tide in the corridors of the United Nations and came out with the best of what could be done in such circumstances, that is a decision No. 242, which provided for not allowing the occupation of territories by force, and forced Israel to withdraw from the territories it occupied after June 5. By virtue of the brilliance of Mahmoud Fawzi he was dubbed the "Egyptian politics engineer," despite the fact that his work in the foreign policy was basically executive not only because of Jamal Abdel Nasser’s dominant character, but also because of convictions of Mahmoud Fawzi, by virtue of the nature of his diplomatic character.The executive nature of Mahmoud Fawzi’ character in the world of politics appears more clearly in the era of Anwar As - Sadat during his assumption of the post of prime minister and then a vice president. He had a role in the implementation of As - Sadat’s vision of Egypt's domestic and foreign policy alike
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السـيـد عـبـد العــزيـز الحكـيـم ودوره السياسي في العراق 1950 - 2009 : دراسة تاريخية == Abdul Aziz Al - Hakim And His Political Role In Iraq 1950 - 2009 (Historical Study)

Author name: نبيل محمد خليفه العلوي
Supervisor name: وسن سعيد عبود الكرعاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The historical period in which Al - Hakim lived in is considered one of the most prominent stages in the history of contemporary Iraq of which the academic studies are still limited. This study enables us to monitor many of the political events that Iraq passed through and AlHakim interacted with. The study consists of an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter is entitled ( AbdulAziz Al - Hakim and the development of the Personal, Social and Political until 1980) , it has three sections, discussed his Lineage, upbringing , study and personality, the effect of his mentor Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir in selecting his political path. While the second chapter is entitled (The political role for AbdulAziz Al - Hakim outside Iraq (1980 - 2003)), is divided into sections, his political activity in Syria that he practiced during his stay in Iran, also states his position from the invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the events followed that war, finally it discusses his role in the Iraqi opposition conferences before 2003. Chapter three was specified to study the (Role of Abdul Aziz Al - Hakim in Iraq after 2003) in two sections in which the chapter discusses a lot of segments most prominent the periodical presidency for transitional governing council and his attitude from the state management law for the transitional period , his role in forming and leading the unified Iraqi coalition and his attitude from the permanent constitute formulation for 2015 and from the first parliament elections that Iraqi witnessed after 2003 and his two visits to Washington, and finally his preparations for the provincial council elections for 2009. The fourth chapter studies (The political and social proposals of AbdulAziz Al - Hakim for the reality of Iraq and its future) in three sections, it studies his treatments for the problems of the political operation in Iraq, his view for the basis of social rise in Iraq, and finally the chapter tackles his sickness until his death. The study has reached to conclusions, among them is that Al - Hakim has been affected by Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir as he considered him a political leader for him until 1980 and after the execution of the latter he was affected by the approach of his brother Mohammed Baqir Al - Hakim as he took him a political leader for him, this affect was accompanied by practicing important political roles that Al - Hakim did until 2003, as he returned to Iraq and became a prominent leader who largely participated in the political events in Iraq until his death on 26 August 2009.
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