Author name:
محمد سمير خزعل
Supervisor name:
اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
Abstract:
After the 2nd world war Germany had witnessed many great and important changes affected on its future for decades, especially its Spilt into two Germanys , Federal and Democratic, this Spilt occurred two contradictory countries, one followed the western countries and the other followed the Soviet Union. This came according to the results of the 2nd world war. So west Germany fell as a victim of division to United States, Great Britain and France which represented Federal Germany later, and Soviet Union occupied the eastern Part and founded Democratic Germany.These events led to weakness and division of Germany among the four countries, but the German political elites worked for reposition of Germany among countries, particularly in Federal Germany, where Adenauer rose as an important personality in Germany, according to his long experience since the German Empire and Republic of Weimar and then his opposition to Hitler's regime. Then he took an important role in formation the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which contained the high political personalities who had a role in Republic of Weimar and were opponents to Hitler.The Dissertation consists of an introduction, four Chapters and a conclusions , the first chapter, entitled Konrad Adenauer and his first political activities until 1949, Which divided into four sections, The first tackled Konrad Adenauer : his life and beginnings till 1917. And the second section studied Konrad Adenauer as a mayor of cologne 1917 - 1933 which clarified his role in modernization of the city and his attitude from the general politics of Weimar Republic, the third section showed Adenauer during the period of the third Reich 1933 - 1945 which clarified his suffering of Hitler's regime, and the Fourth section talked the role of Adenauer after the 2nd world war and the foundation of the Christian Democratic Union until 1949, Which clarified his role as a mayor after the War and foundation of the (CDU).The Second Chapter studied the Role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1949 - 1953, Which divided into four sections, the first deals with the Elections Campaign and foundation of Federal Republic of Germany, and the second section included the basic principles of the German's foreign politics and the beginning of allying with occident, the third section followed the role of Adenauer in betterment the relationship between Federal Germany and France. The fourth section talked Adenauer and the cold war.The Third Chapter covered the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1954 - 1957, which divided into four sections, the first talked Adenauer's role in joined federal Germany in NATO. The second section clarify the attitude of Adenauer from the meeting of the four powers in Geneva and the Unity of Germany. The third section covered the attitude of the three allies from foundation of the German army. The fourth section deals with the role of Adenauer in forming the European Economic Community (EEC).The fourth chapter Focused on the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1958 - 1963 , Which divided into four sections , the first studied the policy of Adenauer towards France 1958 - 1963. The second section asserted on the policy of Adenauer towards Britain 1958 - 1963. The third one studied the Attitude of Adenauer from Berlin crisis 1958 - 1961. The fourth and last section concentrated on the ends of Adenauer until his death 1967.The thesis has reached several conclusions , the main were : - Adenauer was different in his directions after the 2nd world war than before, because he thought the new stage needs new political visions, especially after the failure of Weimar Republic in realizing democracy, therefore he didn't return to the central party, but he founded a new party believes in equality in religions, so that some of protestant politicians joined his party. - Adenauer could drawing foreign politics suitable to German reality, and he succeeded in applying what he called in electoral program. - The Advantage of Adenauer wasn't for Germany only but for Europe in general, because what he done to create the European Economic Community was a clear evidence to his keenness on European Nation, so that he participated in foundation a union gathering European countries in all fields. - Adenauer perpetrated many mistakes at the end of his rule resulted hatred of some politicians to him and decreasing in his popularity, particularly when he was nominated as a president and then dragging his nomination, he gave a less value to the post of president, and he excluded the political competitors. - we can certainly say that Adenauer in spite of his personal autocratic tendencies was genuinely committed to liberal democracy, and that for 95 per cent of the time he acted within the parameters of the ‘Chancellor democracy’ existed in the sense that the Federal Republic had a very powerful chief executive in the Adenauer years (1949 - 63), or, to be more precise, it had such a person until 1961. It did not exist in the sense of its having an autocratic Chancellor
