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طريقة لتخمين حمل الرسوبيات باستخدام الامطار == a methodolgy for estimating sediment load by using rainfall

Author name: الاء حسن نعمة
Supervisor name: نعمة حمد عمارة
General topic: Civil Engineering
Specific topic: Hydraulic Structure Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Irrigation and drainage engineering department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

امكانية تحضير الالومينا الفعالة من الاطيان العراقية واستخدامها كحوامل للعوامل المساعدة == active alumina extraction from iraqi - clays for catalyst's support

Author name: مروان غايب مظهور
Supervisor name: عبد الحليم عبد الكريم محمد | مازن عبد اللهادي راضي
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

study into deep drawing parameters for sound products

Author name: ammar abdul - karim mohamad
Supervisor name: shakir k. al - samarrai
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

ايجاد النفاذية لحقول الجنوب باستخدام المجسات المنزلة في الصخور الرملية == permeability evaluation of sandstone rocks in oil fields, southern iraq using well logs

Author name: اسامة صاحب العميدي
Supervisor name: sabah al - mussawy
General topic: Oil Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Petroleum Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

experimental catchment model

Author name: maher a. kadhum
Supervisor name: a. m. ali
General topic: Civil Engineering
Specific topic: Water Resources Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Irrigation and drainage engineering department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

al - hussayniat iron ore concentration by surface property separation methods

Author name: rafi jamal al - algawi
Supervisor name: g.a.r. rassoul
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الترسيب اللاكهربائي على لدائن abs == electroless copper deposition on abs plastic

Author name: احمد حاتم محسن
Supervisor name: امل نجم الدين المميز
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استخلاص الحديد من المحاليل المائية باستعمال ثلاثي بيوتيل الفوسفات == extraction of iron from aqueous solutions using tai - n - butyl phosphate

Author name: majid saleem radha'a
Supervisor name: abdullah a. abbas
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة تاثير الدالة الحامضية ودرجة الحرارة وعامل التثبيت على قصر الاقمشة القطنية == studying yhe effect of ph, tempereture and stability agent on bleaching of cotton fabrics

Author name: ليث خليل توفيق حداد
Supervisor name: ابرائيل سركيس يارو
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استخدام المخلفات النفطية في تثبيت الكثبان الرملية في منطقة بيجي == stabilization of baiji sand dunes by petroleum residues

Author name: madhat shakir m. al - soud
Supervisor name: yousif j. al - shakarchi
General topic: Civil Engineering
Specific topic: Civil Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Civil Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

surfactant flooding of some iraqi crudes

Author name: sameera mohammed hamad - allah
Supervisor name: nawzad o.a. rahim
General topic: Oil Engineering
Specific topic: Oil Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Petroleum Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

customization of auto cad to auto cad / cam using g - code

Author name: ahmed kadhum mohammed
Supervisor name: kasim m. daws
General topic: Control and Systems Engineering
Specific topic: Mechatronics Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

نمذجة تصاميم قوالب السباكة بالضغط == simulation of pressure dicasting dies design

Author name: عادل ظاهر جبر الحجامي
Supervisor name: shakir k. al - samarrai
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحضير الزيولايت نوع 3a ' 5a من المواد المتوفرة محليا وبثقه باستعمال المواد الرابطة المختلفة == preparation of zeolites 3a and 5a from locally available raw materials and their extrusion with different binders

Author name: ندى سعدون احمد زكي
Supervisor name: amal n. al - mumaiz
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحضير المناخل الجزيئية (الزيولايت) نوع 13x من المواد المتوفرة محليا == preparation of zeolite type 13x from locally available raw materials

Author name: علي عامر عبد الهادي
Supervisor name: مالك مصطفى محمد | جليل رهيف عكال
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

موائمة فرن جديد للعمل في وحدة تكسير الايثان في المجمع للبتروكيمياوي رقم 1 == adaptation of an existing furnace for ethane cracking to ethylene in pc1

Author name: عمر منال محمود
Supervisor name: احمد ممدوح البريفكاني | ماجد ابراهيم عبد الوهاب
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Compounds Derived from L - Ascorbic Acid and Some Their Biological Activity Study

Author name: Hussein Ali Fadhil
Supervisor name: Rasmia Mahmoud Rumez | Ali Hammadi Samir
General topic: Chemistry
Specific topic: Chemistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التنبؤ بالسلاسل المكانية الزمانية مع التطبيق == Forecasting Spatio-Temporal Series with Application

Author name: علي طارق عبد المجيد
Supervisor name: فراس احمد محمد
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Statistics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحليل خطابي نقدي للعنف الاسري في التقارير الصحفية : دراسة تقابلية == A Critical Discourse Analysis of Domestic Violence in Press Reports: Contrastive Study

Author name: سجى فالح حسن ذياب
Supervisor name: منال جاسم محمد
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Critical Discourse Analysis
  • Contrastive Study
  • Domestic Violence
First pages:
Abstract: This study explores domestic violence as a significant factor contributing to family instability, analyzing how it is represented in the media discourse of two distinct cultural contexts: English-speaking and Arabic-speaking societies. Specifically, the study examines press reports from the BBC (English) and Al-Arabiya (Arabic), offering a critical discourse analysis of their coverage. The primary focus lies in investigating the linguistic strategies each media outlet employs and how these strategies both reflect and shape societal perceptions of domestic violence. Additionally, the study examines the role of social and ideological beliefs in influencing the media's portrayal of domestic violence, particularly in relation to power dynamics and the potential justification or condemnation of abusive behavior. A further objective is to assess how the media's ideological positioning impacts the construction and dissemination of information regarding domestic violence to the audience. The study hypothesizes that English and Arabic media utilize distinct linguistic techniques, such as variations in lexicon and transitivity structures, which in turn influence public opinion differently. These linguistic choices are believed to be shaped by each society’s cultural and ideological framework. It is also hypothesized that English media tends to address domestic violence more assertively than Arabic media, given differences in societal openness and gender-related discourses. To test these hypotheses, an eclectic analytical model is adopted, combining Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework (1989, 1995), Fowler’s concept of language use and cultural imprint (1991), and Halliday’s transitivity and modality systems (2004). This model allows for a comprehensive analysis of selected press reports from both languages. A mixed-method approach is applied, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative techniques to ensure a nuanced understanding of the data. The findings reveal that in both cultural contexts, women are depicted as victims of oppression, but the underlying causes differ. In Arabic media, the oppression is predominantly linked to entrenched customs and traditions, while in English media, it is attributed more to historical gender inequalities and social dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis identifies clear differences in the linguistic strategies used. English reports tend to emphasize verbs and adjectives, constructing a dynamic and emotive narrative. In contrast, Arabic reports focus more on nouns and personal pronouns, contributing to a more static and culturally anchored portrayal. Both media types highlight physical abuse; however, Arabic reports give particular attention to verbal processes and cultural norms. Differences in modality usage are also significant: English reports frequently employ epistemic modality to express certainty and probability, whereas Arabic reports rely more on evidential and deontic modalities, reflecting differing cultural approaches to expressing authority, obligation, and judgment. Interestingly, the study finds that Arabic media offers more extensive coverage of domestic violence than English media. This is linked to specific cultural and legal factors, including concerns about privacy, family reputation, and community image. Despite these challenges, Arabic media appears more engaged with the topic, possibly due to heightened societal awareness. The study concludes with pedagogical implications, recommendations for media practitioners, and suggestions for further research into cross-cultural representations of domestic violence.
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زلزال سوريا وتركيا في الخطاب الاخباري الانكليزي : تحليل تقييمي نقدي == Syria and Turkey Earthquake in English News Discourse A Critical Appraisal Analysis

Author name: سميره عبود زغير
Supervisor name: ماجد رسم يونس
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ABSTRACT Syria and Turkey Earthquake that happened in 2023 was one the most devastating natural disasters that happened in the recent past and led to a great amount of suffering and destruction. Media news has a significant role in shaping the audience's attitude towards those affected by the crisis and those responsible for overcoming it. In addition to, the discourse of the news realizes the ideology of the news channels towards the governments and international institutions engaged through discourse. The current study analyses the English news discourse in well-known channel coverage displaying attitudes, dialogic positions, and ideologies constituting the discourses. It aims to identify the evaluative language strategies used in news discourse to portray the earthquake’s consequences and response efforts, as well as to examine the attitudes and stances presented toward governmental and organizational disaster management. Additionally, the study investigates the ideological positioning of news agencies regarding accountability and responsibility in crisis response, while also exploring the linguistic mechanisms, such as intensifiers, quantifiers, and emotionally charged lexis, that shape the audience's perception of the disaster. The hypotheses formulated for this study state that the articles show a negative attitude toward the consequences of earthquakes, expressing dissatisfaction with the government’s response speed and identifying what is seen as inefficiency in disaster response. Furthermore, it is postulated that the language within the articles amplifies the extent of the loss using intensifiers, quantifiers, and strong lexis with a view of passing on the emotions that are generated from the loss. It is moreover hypothesized that the dominant ideology is that governments are primarily responsible for the earthquake's failure. To conduct the analysis, the researcher adopts Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal System in nine news articles from three major international news providers: BBC, CNN, and Reuters. Conclusions drawn indicate that the data analyzed convey a largely negative perspective on governmental and organizational responses to earthquakes, emphasizing grief over the loss of life and property. The language used criticizes authorities for delayed and inadequate actions. The results highlight a tendency for news agencies to assert their objectivity through the frequent use of expand dialogic position and engaging readers using the disclaim dialogic position. This ideological appraisal places significant condemnation on governments for their inaction, with news media acting as public advocates that highlight negligence in disaster management. Ultimately, the study reveals how language and media representation shape societal perceptions of humanitarian crises and accountability.
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الهجوم والدفاع في المناظرات الرئاسية الامريكية : دراسة تداولية == Attack and Defense in American Presidential Debates:A pragmatic study

Author name: اميمه عبد الرزاق ابراهيم
Supervisor name: منال جاسم محمد
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Attack
  • defense
  • presidential debates
  • Biden
  • Trump
First pages:
Abstract: ABSTRACT The current study is concerned with a pragmatic study of attack and defense acts that are used by Presidents Donald Trump and Joe Biden in the American Presidential Debate in 2020. The attack is an attempt to harm or defeat someone, and it means that the speaker or attacker does not like or disagree with the other opponent. On the contrary, defense means a person responds to an attack of his or her opponent. After an attack, the president either negates or fact-checks claims made by his opponents or tries to set the record straight. Such reactions of presidents to attacks are sometimes referred to as defending, and they are designed to refute accusations made by rivals. The debate is being watched and heard by the audience so that presidents employ their attacks to persuade both the audience and the opponent of their beliefs, opinions, and attitudes. Presidents also use defense to know the reaction of the audience, whether they are satisfied with their words and policies or not. This study aims to fill the gap and reduce its negative consequences. Attack and defense acts are important phenomena and they have negative effects as well as positive effects. The study is expected to answer the following questions: What are the pragmatic aspects of attack and defense used in the political debates of American presidents Joe Biden and Donald Trump? What are the reasons behind attack in the political debates? How do attack and defense acts of both presidents convey, directly or indirectly? What are the most frequent strategies of attack and defense utilized by the two presidents to formulate their speeches? The study aims to identify the usage of attack and defense acts in the American Presidential Debate in 2020 and focuses on the pragmatic analysis of attack and defense concerning illocutionary acts and impoliteness strategies. It also aims to identify the negative impact of an attack and the positive impact of defense and whether the presidents are succeeded in their defense against the attacker or not. In light of the above mentioned aims, the study hypothesizes that: first, both presidents utilize attack and defense acts as helpful tools to achieve specific purposes. Second, direct speech acts are more frequently used in the acts of both presidents than indirect speech ones. Third, President Trump uses attack and defense acts more than Biden. Fourth, the strategies of impoliteness used more frequently by Donald Trump than Joe Biden. Lastly, Trump is more prepared and disciplined than Biden during the debate. To achieve the aims of the study and verify the validity of the hypotheses, an eclectic model is adopted based on two models consisting of Searle’s (1975) "speech acts" and Culpeper’s (2005-2011) "impoliteness strategies". Before analyzing the data, the difference between attack-defense acts, the debates, and previous studies presented under the title theoretical framework. Then, a quantitative and qualitative research analysis with an overview of the collected data and biography of Trump and Biden are presented under the title methodology. The results of the study reveal that there are pragmatic aspects of language that can affect the usage of attack and defense acts in political debates of Trump and Biden like eye contact, facial expressions, and body language. The analysis also shows the acts of attack and defense which are identified to express the function of acts performed by both presidents. It has been noticed that both presidents Trump and Biden perform their acts directly to convey their beliefs, attitudes, and opinions towards each other's policy. Also, they use direct language to represent the factual, supportive and informative nature of the attacker or defender. Furthermore, the results of the analysis reveal that Donald Trump is the real master of impoliteness, but Biden, even when challenged with Trump's attacks directed at his family, frequently smiles, laughs, and shakes his head while closing his eyes. Both of them impose their presence and influence on the audience who watch them and attract their attention to the issues that they discuss during the debate.
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دراسة تحليل الخطاب النقدي لسوء تمثيل كاس العالم قطر 2022 في صحف امريكية وبريطانية مختارة == A Critical Discourse Analysis Study of Misrepresentation of Qatar World Cup 2022 in Selected American and British Newspapers

Author name: زينب غانم خليف
Supervisor name: منال جاسم محمد
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Critical Discourse Analysis
  • Qatar World Cup 2022
  • Misrepresentation
First pages:
Abstract: تستخدم هذه الدراسة تحليل الخطاب النقدي للكشف عن التمثيل الخاطئ لكاس العالم 2022 في قطر كما هو موضح في بعض الصحف الامريكية والبريطانية المختارة. غالبا ما يقوم الخطاب الاعلامي بتشويه الحقائق لخلق تصوير منحاز، مما يعزز الصور النمطية ويشكل التصورات العامة. في هذا السياق، عكست تغطية الاعلام الغربي انحيازات ايديولوجية، مما اثر على وجهات النظر العالمية تجاه قطر. تبحث الدراسة في كيفية مساهمة الاستراتيجيات اللغوية والخطابية في كل من صحيفة نيويورك تايمز وصحيفة الغارديان في هذا التمثيل الخاطئ. تهدف الدراسة الى: (1) تحديد البنى المتعدية المستخدمة لبناء تصوير قطر، (2) تحليل الخيارات المعجمية والاستراتيجيات البلاغية التي تبرز قطر كـ "الاخر"، (3) فحص الفروقات الايديولوجية في الصحف الامريكية والبريطانية، (4) مقارنة استراتيجيات التمثيل الخاطئ المستخدمة، و (5) تقييم تاثير هذه الاستراتيجيات على الصورة العالمية لقطر. تفترض الدراسة ان: (1) البنى المتعدية، والاختيارات المعجمية، والهياكل النحوية تعزز الصور النمطية حول الدول غير الغربية، (2) تبرز وسائل الاعلام الغربية انتقائيا الجوانب السلبية لقطر بينما تقلل من الجوانب الايجابية، (3) تعكس التغطية معيارا مزدوجا حيث يتم تاطير القضايا المماثلة في الدول الغربية بشكل اكثر حيادية، (4) تستمر اللغة المثيرة للجدل والرموز في تعزيز التصورات السلبية عن الدول العربية، و(5) تؤثر هذه التمثيلات الخاطئة على العلاقات الدولية والراي العام. لتحقيق اهداف الدراسة، تعتمد الدراسة نموذجا تحليليا انتقائيا يجمع بين اطار فيركلاف الثلاثي الابعاد (2001)، والمربع الايديولوجي لفان دايك (1998)، واللغويات الوظيفية النظامية لهاليداي (1973). يتم تطبيق هذا النموذج على عشرين مقالا من صحيفة نيويورك تايمز وصحيفة ذا غارديان. يدرس اطار النقل لهاليداي للبنى المتعدية، بينما يستكشف نموذج فيركلاف العناصر الدلالية، ويكشف المربع الايديولوجي لفان دايك عن التحيزات الكامنة. تشير النتائج الى ان كلا من الصحف الامريكية والبريطانية تساهم في تمثيل قطر بصورة غير صحيحة. ومع ذلك، تستخدم الصحف البريطانية تعبيرات اكثر قوة تسيء الى الصورة وتعتمد على التصنيف والصفات التنبؤية، مما يعزز الصورة السلبية عن قطر. بينما تشارك الصحف الامريكية ايضا في التمثيل الخاطئ، فانها تتبنى نهجا متوازنا نسبيا، حيث تستخدم التهويل الى جانب التصنيف. تعزز هذه الاستراتيجيات اللغوية الايديولوجيات المركزة على الغرب، مما يشكل تصورات الجمهور حول قطر والديناميكيات العالمية الاوسع.
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دراسة لغوية للافعال الادائية في مختارات من برامج حوارية == A Linguistic Study of Performative Verbs in Selected Talk Shows

Author name: ميرا عماد محمد علي ياسين
Supervisor name: بيداء عباس غبن الزبيدي
General topic: Foreign Languages
Specific topic: English - Language
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of English Language
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Performative Verbs
  • Talk Shows
  • Speech Acts
First pages:
Abstract: ABSTRACT The current study employs a linguistic comparative approach to explore the interplay between performative verbs, pragmatic features, and syntactic structure in American and British talk shows. As John Langshaw Austin theorized (1962), performative verbs are linguistic expressions that describe an action and perform the action they describe. The problem of the study is that Both American and British cultures share English as a medium of communication, but there are still cultural differences. The study aims to determine how cultural differences in the use of performative verbs influence the dynamics and effectiveness of American and British talk show interviews. By examining the types and functions of performative verbs across cultural contexts, the study will explore how language choices shape the interaction between interviewer and interviewee. The present study aims to identify performative verbs and their types and functions, how the interviewer and interviewee use them to interact with power and culture relations, how to manipulate these verbs to gain and set power during the interview, determine the types of sentence structures, investigate the co-occurrence adverbs with performative verbs. The study proposes hypotheses based on previous aims: 1) Interviewers and interviewees will prioritize performative verbs that drive persuasion and construct power dynamics. 2) Interviewers use authoritative verbs more during introductions, and interviewees utilize justification during self-presentation. 3) Interviewers utilize more emotional verbs to connect with the audience. 4) These verbs will be used in specific sentence structures. 5) Specific adverbs will co-occur with performative verbs. Based on the analysis results, the validity is verified by hypotheses (1-2-3-4-5). Two talk shows have been selected as data for studying American and British talk shows: “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert,” and "The Graham Norton Show.” The study includes an eclectic model: Searle's (1976) speech act and Quirk et al.'s (1985) model of sentence types and adverbs functions. Mixed methods approach will be employed to achieve the aims and hypotheses of the thesis. The study concludes that American talk shows use reporting and describing performative verbs more than other types as they provide factual data and develop an objective point of view. While British talk shows convey information by reporting performative verbs, they are less concerned with personal opinions or assertiveness. The study reveals that culture determines the type of performative verbs preferred and how the options are conveyed. American talk shows are agreeable and persuasion-focused, while British talk shows are forceful and informative-looking. Adverbs co-occur with these verbs to strengthen or weaken their power. Finally, recommendations and suggestions for further studies have been proposed.
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وجود البكتريا كمسبب للاسهال في الاطفال لعمر اقل من خمس سنوات في العراق == The Presence of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis as Cause of Diarrhea among Children less than 5 years of Age in Iraq

Author name: ضياء احمد جاسم
Supervisor name: اليس كريكور اغوب
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
  • diarrhea
  • Children under 5 years
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Abstract: على الرغم من ان Bacteroides fragilis هي بكتيريا موجودة داخل ميكروبات الامعاء المعوية ، الا ان سلالة منتج السموم لـ B. fragilis (ETBF) ترتبط بالاطفال الذين تقل اعمارهم عن خمس سنوات ، ويعانون من الاسهال. تهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على واحدة من البكتيريا اللاهوائية التي تسبب الاسهال عند الاطفال دون سن 5 سنوات ، والكشف عن وجود سلالات بكتيرية معوية معوية (ETBF). اشتملت الدراسة على مائتي عينة براز تم الحصول عليها من الاطفال دون سن الخامسة. كانت عينات البراز المصابة بالاسهال 128 عينة ، و 72 عينة بدون اسهال. تم جمع العينات في الفترة من اكتوبر/ 2018 الى يونيو / 2019. تم فحص جميع العينات بحثا عن الفيروسة العجلية ((Rotavirus والفيروسات الغدية ((Adenovirus باستخدام Rapid Test Cassette Feces، وايضا تم تربية العينات لاهوائيا على وسائط Bacteroides Bile Esculin (BBE) لعزل B. fragilis. بشكل عشوائي، تم استخراج الحمض النووي لـ 98/200 عينة مباشرة من البراز، واستخدم اكتشاف PCR مع جين leuB للكشف عن B. fragilis، وجين bft للكشف عن ETBF. هذه عينات البراز 98 ؛ 69/98 كانوا يعانون من الاسهال و 29/98 بدون اسهال (مراقبة). تمت اعادة عزل العزلات الموجبة لجين leuB في الهواء من اجل التعرف على ارتباط B. fragilis مع البكتيريا اللاهوائية الاختيارية. اظهرت النتائج ان نسبة الفيروسة العجلية كانت 21.1٪ وفيروسات الغدة 2.3٪. كانت نتيجة العزل ؛ 93 عينة (59.6٪) كانت نسبة تحلل الاسكيولين الايجابي على وسط BBE ، و 19 (20.4٪) منها لديها جين leuB. بينما كان معدل انتشار الجين leuB في 98 عينة براز 78 (79.6٪) في عينات الاسهال والسيطرة معا. لا يوجد احد من هذه العزلات الـ19 (20.4٪) يمتلك جين bft ، بينما في عينات البراز 98 ، كان معدل الاصابة بـ جين bft 3(3.1٪) ؛ مرضى الاسهال 2 (2.9٪) و (غير اسهالي) السيطرة 1 (3.4٪). جميع العينات الموجبة 3 للجين BFT ظهرت في عمر (1-5) سنوات. لا يوجد جين bft ايجابي في سن اصغر من سنة واحدة. تم تسلسل العينات الايجابية الثلاث لجين bft وتحليلها بواسطة NCBI لتحديد الشكل الجيني لجين bft. اظهرت نتيجة التسلسل ان عينتين هما bft-1 وعينة واحدة فقط هي bft-2. لم يظهر اي نوع من bft-3 في هذه الدراسة. كان الشكل الجيني المشاهد في عينات الاسهال (المريض) هو bft-1 و bft-2 ، بينما في غير الاسهال (السيطرة) فقط bft-1. اظهرت نتيجة الترابط بين B. fragilis والبكتيريا اللاهوائية الاختيارية عزلات E.Coli 13 (68.4٪) و K. Pneumoniae 3 (15.8٪) و E. faecalis 13 (68.4٪).
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استعمال الطرائق التمهيدية في التحليل العنقودي للبيانات الطولية مع التطبيق العملي == Using Smoothing Methods in Cluster Analysis of Longitudinal Data with a Practical Application

Author name: نور نوزت احمد سيالة
Supervisor name: سهيل نجم عبد الله
General topic: Administration and Economics
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
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