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ازالة المحتوى الكبريتي من وقود الديزل بواسطة الاكسدة والاستخلاص بالمذيب == Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel By Oxidation And Solvent Extraction

Author name: شيم بهجت عبد الكريم
Supervisor name: ودود طاهر محمد | رغد فريد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى ازالة المحتوى الكبريتي من مقطع الديزل المهدرج للتخلص من المركبات الكبريتية الثايوفينية التي تتعذر ازالتها بواسطة عملية الهدرجة المعتمدة في المصافي النفطية. ودراسة افضل الظروف للحصول على اعلى نسبة ازالة.رست الظروف التشغيلية التالية : سرعة ال | Removal of sulfur species from fuels is an increasingly critical environmental issue. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) removes sulfur compounds, such as mercaptans and sulfides from hydrocarbons; however, some sulfur - containing compounds (such as diebenzothiophene) are very difficult to remove and need deep desulfurization processes.This work was applied to the desulfurized diesel fuel produced from the conventional HDS process for ultra - desulfurization. The used fuel types in this investigation were either real diesel fuel or simulated diesel fuel, where sulfur - containing compound ( dibenzothiophene DBT) converted to its corresponding sulfone by oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetic acid as homogenous catalyst, and solvent extraction by using acetonitrile (ACN) or N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone (NMP) as extractants.Simulated diesel fuel according to British Petroleum 200B doped with dibenzothiophene (DBT) was prepared, the effect of stirring speed (150, 250, 350 and 450) rpm, temperature (30, 40, 45 and 50) ?C, oxidant/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5, 0.75,1 and 1.5) (v/v), catalyst/oxidant ratio (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) (v/v), solvent type, and solvent/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5, 0.6, 0.75 and 1) (v/v) were examined in order to obtain the maximum sulfur removal. The results of this work exhibit that the highest removal of sulfur 98.5% for N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone and 95.8% for acetonitrile were obtained under the conditions of operating in table below : Stirring Speed (rpm) 350 Temperature (?C) 50 Oxidant (hydrogen peroxide)/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 Catalyst (acetic acid)/oxidant ratio 0.5 Solvent (ACN or NMP)/simulated diesel fuel ratio 1 Experiments with the above best conditions were carried out on Real diesel fuel obtained from Al - Dora refinery with 1000 ppm sulfur containing compounds. It was found that sulfur removal from real diesel fuel was 62.5% for acetonitrile and 75% for N - methyl - 2 - pyrrolidone.

استخلاص الزيوت العطرية من قشور الحمضيات باستعمال التقطير البخاري بمساعدة المايكرويف == Extraction of Essential Oils From Citrus By - Products Using Microwave Steam Distillation

Author name: سارة جبير صالح
Supervisor name: ابتهال كريم شاكر
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى استخلاص الزيت العطري من ثلاثة انواع من قشور الحمضيات (البرتقال, الليمون, اللالنكي) بطريقتين : التقطير البخاري والتقطير البخاري بمساعدة المايكرويف.ودراسة تاثير عوامل الاستخلاص : (وزن القشور, وقت الاستخلاص,طاقة المايكرويف ونوع قشور الحمضي | The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from : orange( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods : steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions : weight of the sample( 398.56g, 281.8g, 116.76g), extraction time, microwave power( 135W, 265W, 445W) and citrus peel type( orange, lemon, mandarin) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC).Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave - assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. It was found that the optimal microwave power was (135W) and the yield was : (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD).It was found that the optimal weight was (398.56g) and the yield in (SD) was : (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes.Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that the amount of limonene increased in low microwave power with long extraction time for mandarin oil it was (84.3891% at 135W in 60min.), while for (SD) it was (83.0271% in 75min.) and decreased with increasing microwave power for orange oil it was (80.9661% at 265W in 35min.) while for (SD) it was (83.2189% in 45min.), (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave power for long time would give complete recovery and better quality of essential oil.

تثبيط تاكل الحديد الكاربوني الواطئ في حامض الكبريتيك باستعمال كحول البولي فينيل ومستخلص نبات PIPER LONGUM == Corrosion Inhibition of Low Carbon Steel In Sulfuric Acid By PVA And Piper Longum Extracts

Author name: اياد بهاء الدين احمد
Supervisor name: ماجد ابراهيم عبد الوهاب | ابرائيل سركيس يارو
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The inhibitive power of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and the synergistic effects added on the inhibition power of PVA by two types of Piper Longum (PL) Ethanol Extracts (PLEXT) were investigated toward the corrosion of carbon steel in (0.2N) H2SO4 solution in the temperature range (30 - 60?C) and PVA concentration range (150 - 2000 PPM).The corrosion rate measurements were carried out using the following two standard corrosion measurements techniques.1. Weight loss technique was applied on carbon steel plates to evaluate inhibition efficiency in presence and absence of these inhibitors.2. Electrochemical Techniques were used to validate and support inhibition efficiencies found in weight loss techniques.A detailed study of the experimental methods and results is reported for each test conducted.The weight loss results showed that PVA could serve as a corrosion inhibitor but its inhibition power was found to be low for the corrosion of carbon steel in the acidic media.It was shown that the inhibition efficiency for (PVA) decreased with increasing temperature at a given PVA concentration. On the other hand it was shown that at given temperature the inhibition efficiency of (PVA) was increased with increasing of PVA concentration until a PVA concentration of 2000 ppm PVA was reached then only a slight decrease in inhibition efficiency was observed when increasing PVA concentration further.The Maximum inhibition efficiency reached was about 71 % at 30?C & 2000 ppm (PVA) concentration, calculated by the weight loss techniques.In order to improve the inhibition efficiency of PVA, by adding 6 ml/l of ethanol extracts of piper longum (PL) to a liter of the acid solution in presence of concentrations of PVA 150,500,1000.1500, and 2000 ppm at temperatures (30,40,50, and 60?C) was investigated.Weight loss results showed a jump in inhibition efficiency (% IE) value of the modified inhibitor mixture compared with the presence of PVA alone at all (PVA) concentrations for temperature range considered in this investigation.This study demonstrated the extra inhibition power added by the (PL) fruit extracts to the organic polymer (PVA) used. Maximum inhibition efficiencies recorded were approximately 95% for Piper Longum Extract Number two (PLEXT2) at 30?C and 2000 ppm PVA.The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters regarding the adsorption process of inhibitors used was calculated.It was found that the changes corrosion rates correlates well with the Arrhenius equation in absence and presence of inhibitors.The Results showed that the adsorption of the polymer and the plant extract follows Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface is mainly physical, nevertheless the adsorption is believed to be slightly deviated from the Langmuir model at 30?C.Electrochemical analysis of the corrosion process of carbon steel in an electrochemical corrosion cell was investigated using 3 - Electrode corrosion cell coupled with a potentiostat interfaced with a computer which assisted polarization data interception and interpretation.Polarization technique was used to obtain polarization data which was recorded for carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 solutions in presence and absence of the inhibitors investigated. Electrochemical runs were done in the (PVA) concentrations of 150, 1000, and 2000 PPM and a temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 60?C.Tafel slopes, Corrosion currents, and corrosion rates were calculated from polarization curves by Tafel extrapolation method. Results showed corrosion rate trends similar to findings by the weight loss method. It was indicated also that the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.2N H2SO4 is highly activity controlled.Results revealed that the inhibition action is occurring at both anodic and cathodic sites on the metal surface so that both corrosion reactions were affected, so that the composite inhibitor could be considered as mixed - type inhibitor.Electrochemical results confirmed that (PLEXT2) was more efficient as inhibition improvement additive to (PVA) than (PLEXT1) at all experimental conditions range encountered in this study.The highest inhibition efficiency recorded using Tafel polarization method was 83% obtained at 30?C and 2000 ppm of PVA with 6 ml/l PLEXT2.

تحضير الكاربون المنشط من نوى التمر باستخدام كاربونات البوتاسيوم كعامل منشط في ازالة صبغة المثيلين الزرقاء == Preparation of Activated Carbon From Date Stones By K2Co3 Activation For Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption

Author name: اسماء فاضل عباس
Supervisor name: مثنى جبار احمد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Present study deals with the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from date stones by K2CO3 activation via microwave heating and the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution by using such carbon as adsorbent. The influence of radiation time (4 - 12min), radiation power (540 - 700W) and impregnation ratio (0.5 - 2.5g/g) on the yield and MB uptake of such carbons were studied. Central composite design was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions and two quadratic models were developed to correlate the preparation variables for both responses.The optimum preparation conditions were reported as 8 min radiation time, 660 W radiation power and 1.5 g/g impregnation ratio resulting in 19.99% yield and 460.123 mg/g MB uptake. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that the radiation time had the greatest effect on the yield while impregnation ratio had the greatest effect on MB uptake.The characteristics of AC were examined by pore structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The BET surface area and total pore volume were indentified to be 1144.25 m²/g and 0.656 m³/g, respectively. Batch adsorption study was adopted to determine the experimental adsorption isotherm data of different initial concentration of MB (50 - 450 mg/l). The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm models. The results showed that the experimental data were well fitted with sips isotherm with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 484.7 mg/g. Pseudo - First order, Pseudo - Second order, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze experimental kinetics data with high correlation coefficient for Pseudo - second - order model.

ازالة الكادميوم من المياه الملوثة بالترسيب الكهروكيمياوي باستخدام حزمة من الانابيب الفولاذية متحدة المركز == Removal of Cadmium From Wastewater By Electro - Deposition On Stainless Steel Concentric Tubes Bundle

Author name: انس بديوي سلمان
Supervisor name: عباس حميد سليمون | بسمة عباس عبد المجيد
General topic: Chemical Engineering
Specific topic: Chemical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Chemical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة انتقال الكتلة الخاص بايونات الكادميوم الثنائية الى سطح اسطوانة دوراة مصنوعة من مادة الفولاذ المقاوم للتاكل (كقطب كاثود) بواسطة قياس التيار المحدد لتفاعل اختزال ايونات الكادميوم الكاثودي في محلول كبريتات الصوديوم بتركيز مولار باستخدام خلية ثلاثية | 1 - Mass transfer of Cd+2 ions to a smooth stainless steel rotating cylinder electrode was studied by measuring the limiting current for the cathodic reduction of Cd+2 in 0.5 M sodium sulphate supporting electrolyte by three electrodes cell with stainless steel rotating cylinder electrode working in hydrodynamic voltammetry mode. The studied parameters were electrolyte pH (4, 5, 6 and 7), initial Cd+2 concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and rotation rates (100, 150, 200 and 250 rpm). Cadmium ions' reduction potential for mass transfer control conditions was found to be - 0.13 V. Diffusion coefficient was determined and correlated with the bulk concentration of Cd+2 in sodium sulphate solution. The increase in pH was found to enhance the mass transfer coefficient and this effect diminishes nearly at pH=7, and the experimental data were well fitted by an empirical dimensionless correlation among the Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number. The obtained correlation was : Sh=0.047 ?Re?^0.769 ?Sc?^0.356 For (8015.519 < Re < 20587.07) Reduction potential obtained via the voltammograms constructed by the rotating cylinder cell was applied for the two pilot scale units in order to keep the process under mass transfer control conditions. Parameters studied in these units are : initial cadmium concentration, pH, and electrolyte flow rate. The first pilot scale unit was an electrochemical reactor with smooth stainless steel concentric tubes, and the second one was an electrochemical reactor with stainless steel mesh concentric cylinders.2 - For the stainless steel smooth concentric tubes cathode, mass transfer coefficient was calculated and correlated with initial concentration.Effect of pH on mass transfer coefficient was studied and correlated, and it was found that the effect of pH was found to be completely negligible at pH=7.On the other hand, effect of flow rate on mass transfer coefficient was studied and correlated. Performance of the reactor was analyzed by introducing figures of merit for fractional conversion, specific energy consumption, space time yield and normalizes space velocity. The experimental data were correlated in a dimensionless expression as flows : Sh=0.804?Re?^0.632 ?Sc?^(1/3) For 254 < Re < 1018.3 - For the stainless steel mesh concentric cylinders was adjusted to work under mass transfer control conditions by applying the reduction potential obtained in hydrodynamic voltammetry experiments.Effect of initial cadmium concentration, pH and solution flow rate was studied and analyzed. Mass transfer coefficient was correlated with these studied parameters.Similar to smooth cathode, the mesh cathode showed a negligible response to pH at pH=7.Noticeable enhancement in mass transfer coefficient was investigated by the action of flow rate, and the mass transfer coefficient was correlated with the solution flow rate.The mesh cathode showed a higher conversion than that adopted by the smooth cathode, and showed lower cumulative current efficiency than that of smooth cathode.Mesh cathode showed specific energy consumption, space time yield and normalized space velocity higher than that for the smooth cathode.Experimental data for the mesh reactor were correlated in a dimensionless relation as follows : Sh=1.898?Re?^0.514 ?Sc?^(1/3) For 235 < Re < 943 Cadmium ions reduction reaction was found to follow a first order reaction with respect to Cd+2 concentration, and reaction rate constant was predicted under different operating conditions.

تحسين اداء بروتوكول لشبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية اللاارادية == Performance Enhancement of Routiing Protocol For Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks

Author name: سرى فوزي اسماعيل
Supervisor name: فراس علي صابر
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

ادارة المرور في شبكات التحسس الاسلكية بالاعتماد على خوارزميات المراقبة الذكي == Traffic Management In Wireless Sensor Network Based on Intelligent Monitoring Algorithms

Author name: زينب غازي فيصل
Supervisor name: ناديه عدنان شلتاغ
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: طبيعة الحدث في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية يؤدي الى حركة المرور المفاجئ في الشبكة ؛ ترسل العقد في مجال الرصد حزم البيانات الخاصة بها فقط في حاله حدوث احداث معينة. ان هذا الكم الهائل من حزم البيانات يمكن ان يؤدي بسهولة الى الاختناق, بسبب تجاوز سعة المخزن الم | The event - driven nature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) leads to sudden network traffic; the nodes in the monitoring field send data packets to the sink only upon the observation of specific events. This huge amount of data packets can easily lead to

التنقل المتكيف لخوارزمية موازنة الحمل للتطور طويل الامد == Adaptive Handovers Ffor Lte Load Balancing Algorithm

Author name: نمارق سامي جاسم
Supervisor name: فراس علي صابر
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: لقد تطو رت الاتصالات المتنقلة بشكل كبير في السنوات الاخيرة, وتسارعت بسبب زيادة استخدام الهواتف الذكية وتطبيقاتها. ولكن الزيادة الهائلة في الاستخدام والطلب على خدمات ذات ( جودة اعلى فرض الكثير من التحديات على الشبكات اللاسلكية. لذلك, مشروع شراكة الجيل 1 1 | In recent years, mobile communication has evolved drastically, which is further accelerated by the increase in usage of smart phones and their applications. But the huge increasing in usage and demand on higher quality services poses a lot of challenges t

تحديد مواقع العقد في شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية لاستكشاف النفط == Wireless Sensor Network Nodes Localization For Oil Exploration

Author name: ماجد عيدان دبخ
Supervisor name: حامد محمد علي عبد الحسين
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يستخدم في التنقيب عن النفط والغاز انواع مختلفة من عقد الاستشعار (اجهزة الاستقبال). بالتالي, الموقع الدقيق لعقد الاستشعار له تاثير كبير في استكشاف الحقول النفطية. في النظام السلكي لتحدي د مواق ع العقد، والذي يضم اثنين من المشكلات (GPS) يستخدم نظام تحديد | In oil and gas exploration various sensor node (receivers) types are used. Consequently, the accurate position of the sensor node has a great impact inthe field of oil exploration. In wired system, Global Positioning System (GPS) is used for node locali

تصميم ومحاكاة نظام سيطرة والنظم ضبابي متعدد الاختيار لتطبيق شبكة متحسس البيت الزجاجي == Design And Simulation of Multi Choice Fuzzy Control System For Greenhouse Sensor Network Application

Author name: قيس جبر صبر الجواري
Supervisor name: قيس سعيد اسماعيل
General topic: Control and Systems Engineering
Specific topic: Control and systems engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Computer Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis proposes a multi - choice fuzzy control system with three modes of operation to control the temperature and humidity of the Greenhouse (GH) with system monitoring ability. The system design consists of two parts, the first part : designing a f

محاكاة التعريف غير المحدد والسيطرة لروبوت سكارا باستخدام الشبكات العصبية المعدلة == Simulation of Non - Parametric Identification And Control of Scara Robot Using Modified Neural Networks

Author name: دنيا عبد الكريم عبد القادر
Supervisor name: قيس سعيد الصباغ | نادية عدنان شلتاغ
General topic: Computer Engineering
Specific topic: Computer Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The control of Multi - Input - Multi - Output (MIMO) plant is difficult problem when the plant is nonlinear and there are dynamic interactions between the plant variables. A good example of such a plant is an articulated robot with two or more joints.Con

تطبيق متوازي لخوارزمية باستخدام RSA المعالجات المتعددة النواة ووحدة معالجة الرسومات == A Multithreading Implementation of RSA Algorithm on Multicores And GPUS

Author name: هبة محمد فاضل
Supervisor name: محمد عصام يونس
General topic: Control and Systems Engineering
Specific topic: Control and systems engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعرف خوارزميات المفتاح العام بانها ابطا من نظيرتها المفتاح الخاص في مجال خوارزميات التشفير وذلك بسبب ان الحسابات الرياضية عنصر اساسي فيها. تعد خوارزمية من خوارزميات المفتاح العام الاكثر شيوعا واستخداما. بناءا على ذلك، يعد تحسين سرعة (RSA) موضوع بحث غاية ف | Public key algorithms are known to be slower than private key alternatives in the area of cryptographic algorithms due to their basis in modular arithmetic. The most public key algorithm widely used is the RSA. Therefore, how to enhance the speed of RSA a

نموذج مقترح للتعامل مع فشل العقدة في شبكة الاستشعار اللاسلكية == Proposed Model To Handle Node Failure In Wireless Sensor Network

Author name: مصطفى خالد مزعل
Supervisor name: ضياء جاسم كاظم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains many low cost and low power sensor nodes (SNs), these nodes may fail to communicate with each other according to some reasons such as battery lifetime, uncontrolled events or any surrounding environment actions which will lead to partition the network and reduce the Quality of Service (QoS) as well as the reliability and efficiency of the whole network. The motivation of this work was detecting these malfunctions using three approaches considered with two proposed network models : random distributed SNs and real model.Firstly, localization approach in WSN are discussed and verified using four classic localization methods to detect any failed SN, which are : Distance Vector (DV - Hop), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Time of Arrival (ToA) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). These methods are analyzed and implemented for three different areas, each with three different numbers of SNs. All of them are implemented using MATLAB programming language. Secondly a known fault detection method called Distributed Fault Detection (DFD) discussed and implemented using MATLAB also, and a new method developed from this method named (MDFD) to overcome the disadvantages of DFD method. Finally the feature of the connectivity of the SNs themselves within the network is exploited by using two Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol standards : Sleep Medium Access Control (SMAC) and Tune Medium Access Control (TMAC) protocols, then proposed a modified MAC protocol (MMAC) to enhance the most affecting factors of these two MAC standards such as energy consumption and latency. The performance analysis of these three MAC protocols is verified and simulated using a real model for Iraq, Baghdad, Al - Kadhumyah City, by Castalia 3.2 simulator also designed and implemented these three protocols using an iOS application by the XCode program for general application sensors especially for explosives detection sensors, Fido® X3 sensor proposed forthis application. Simulation results showed that the localization methods proved their ability to localize the failed SNs, but with impractical errors (about 23%) in results than the other approaches, and additional load effect on the network due to execute the localization programs separately before each node failure detection. The DFD approach applied with homogeneous WSNs only that contain only one type of sensors, its errors (starting from 25% for three SNs) was due to its algorithm limitations in using only half of the neighbor SNs, reduced in MDFD method algorithm in which all neighbor SNs considered to detect the failed SN reaching full detection accuracy but with latency tradeoff. The MAC approach is better than localization approach because there is no need to additional hardware for node failure detection; it is also better than DFD approach because it was applicable with both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous WSNs. The three MAC protocols succeeded to detect the failed SNs, but SMAC and TMAC had their tradeoff in energy consumption and latency, when SMAC had less energy consumption (69.62% than TMAC), while TMAC had less latency (27.58% than SMAC). MMAC is combining the advantages of both SMAC and TMAC that had a less energy consumption than that in SMAC by 54.16% and smaller latency than that in TMAC by 76.19% within a range of division index m : between 1 to 5.

مقترح بروتوكول توجيه الانترنيت الاشياء بالاعتماد على شبكات الاستشعار اللاسلكية == Proposed Routing Protocol For Internet of Things Based On Wireless Sensor Networks

Author name: عمر عبد الستار حماد
Supervisor name: ضياء جاسم كاظم
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The routing protocol designed for Internet of Things (IoT) systems has to be adapted with different applications requirements in order to enhance the performance of IoT applications. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is proposing a routing protocol for wireless sensor network employed to serve IoT systems. A new IoT architecture was proposed with explaining the main functions of each layer forming the proposed architecture. The proposed routing protocol acted according to the tasks specified in this architecture. In addition, an IoT application was proposed to be applicable in some utility organizations. The link quality, node depth and energy were used as metrics to make routing decisions. In this work, different cases were proposed to exhibit the usage of these metrics and show the differences of using each of them, then examine different techniques which deal with link quality and the difference between using node - to - node link quality and end - to - end link quality. Improvements were added to the proposed routing protocol to achieve the perfect integration with suitable Media Access Control (MAC) protocol with taking into consideration the behavior of IoT application. Regarding this orientation, two approaches were suggested; the first includes the proposed routing protocol, application with high data rate and MAC protocol without sleeping capabilities; while the second approach included the proposed routing protocol, application with dynamic data rate and MAC protocol with sleeping capabilities. Comparison with other protocols was essential to show the improvements achieved by this work, thus protocols designed to serve the same purpose such as AODV, REL and LABILE were chosen to compare the proposed routing protocol with. To add integrative and holistic, some of important features such as actuating and mobility were added and tested. These features were greatly required by some of IoT applications and improving the routing protocol to support them made it more suitable for IoT systems. The proposed routing protocol was simulated using Castalia - 3.2 and all proposed approaches were examined to show the enhancement achieved by each approach. The results showed better performance when using end - to - end link quality. The results also showed the effect of MAC protocol if decreasing energy consumption was required. Sleeping MAC was the best choice when used with the proposed routing protocol while reducing the data rate. The proposed routing showed better performance than other protocols did regarding Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and latency. It preserved network reliability since it did not generate routing or data packets needlessly. Routing protocol with added features (actuating and mobility) showed good performance. But that performance was affected by increasing the speed of mobile nodes.

تصميم وبناء هوائي عريضة الشريط باستخدام المواد المسماة مابعد المادة == Design And Implementation of Ultra - Wideband Metamaterial Antenna

Author name: مروه مكي حمد
Supervisor name: طه احمد عليوي | سليمان مرتضى عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study focused on designing and analyzing patch antennabased metamaterial with the aid of partial ground plane. High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS) software was used to build and analyze a proposed unit cell of 4×4 mm² and resonant frequency of around 12 GHz. The unit cell was constructed from a patterned patch and ground plane that are connected with via through an FR - 4 substrate. The unit cell performances were studied in terms of S - parameters, effective refractive index, and dispersion properties. And it was found that the metamaterial properties appeared in the frequency band from 11 GHz to 14 GHz, where the unit cell exhibited less than 1 refractive index. A theoretical investigation based on TLM was developed to extract the values of thebasic lumped, RLC, elements network. It was found that the proposed unit cell behave like an unbalanced case of a passive constant k band elimination filter in the mentioned earlier frequency band. A parametric study based on numerical simulation was invoked to arrive to the optimal design through monitoring the effects of adding the MTM structures on the antenna performance. Therefore, this parametric study was optimized to achieve maximum bandwidth with relatively best gain.Finally, the optimal design was fabricated, measured and compared with the numerical results, obtained from Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and HFSS, in term of radiation pattern, S11 spectrum and gain. The experimental results confirmed that the gain of the antenna was 5.8 dBi at 10 GHZ with excellent matching over a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, acceptable agreement was achieved between measured and simulated results in terms of S11 spectrum and radiation patterns at 10 GHz.

النظام المتوازي للتعرف على الوجه بالاعتماد على وحدة المعالجة المركزية متعددة النوى ووحدة معالجة الرسومات == Parallelizing Face Identification System Based On Multi - Cores CPU And GPU

Author name: زهراء قاسم جابر العبيدي
Supervisor name: محمد عصام يونس
General topic: Control and Systems Engineering
Specific topic: Control and systems engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تمييز وجه الانسان هو احد انماط التعرف وهو واحد من اهم المقاييس الحيوية في الوقت الحاضر. ان الدقة في تحديد النتائج هي ليست المشكلة الرئيسية الوحيدة للتعرف على الاشخاص وانما يعتبر عامل السرعة في اظهار النتائج عاملا ضروريا في كثير من التطبيقات التي لها قيو | Face recognition is a pattern recognition technique and one of the most important biometrics. The accuracy is not a major problem that specifies the performance of automatic face recognition system alone, the time factor is also considered a major factor in real time environments. Motivated by such challenge, this thesis proposes a Real Time Face Identification System (RTFIS). In doing so, this thesis reviews the state - of - the - art of the face recognition systems and the current parallel processing technologies and available tools. Moreover, this thesis provides the architectural design, detailed design, and implementation of the RTFIS. In order to judge the speed up obtained in adopting recent technologies and parallel processing design patterns, this thesis proposes four variants implementations (models) of the RTFIS, the four variants are performed by using Fisherface algorithm for face recognition and Haar - cascade algorithm for face detection, In addition, these implementations are based on industrial standard tools involve Open Computer Vision (OpenCV) version 2.4.8, Microsoft.Net framework 4, C# programming language, EmguCV version windows universal CUDA 2.9.0.1922,and heterogeneous processing units. The first variant is performed using single core CPU (CPU Mono) to run both detection and recognition phases, second variant is performed by employing multi - core CPU (CPU Parallel) to run both detection and recognition phases, third variant is implemented by employing a combination of single core CPU and GPU (Hybrid Mono) to run detection on GPU and recognition on CPU and the fourth variant is implemented by employing the combination of multi - core CPU and GPU (Hybrid Parallel) to run detection on GPU and recognition on CPU. The experiment consists of applying 400 pictures for 40 persons' faces (10 images per a person), defining, training, and recognizing these pictures on these four variants, the experiment is taken place on the same environment. Finally, this thesis determines the speed up obtained for the three advanced implementations (i.e., Hybrid Parallel model, CPU Parallel model, and Hybrid Mono model) against the convention implementation (i.e., CPU Mono model).The practical results demonstrate that the Hybrid Parallel model gain highest speed up around 82X, CPU Parallel model also have a high speed up around 71X, and finally, the Hybrid Mono model gives a slight speed up about 1.04X.

تصميم هوائي ضوئي يعمل ضمن نطاق تحت الحمراء الترددي باستخدام تقنية البلازمونك == Optical Antenna Design In Ir Range Using Plasmonic Technology

Author name: هادي كريم شمخي
Supervisor name: محمد ناظم عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Optical antennas, resonant structures, which efficiently collect free - space light and focus it into a nanoscale volume using plasmonic, are indispensable in the burgeoning field of nanophotonics. In this work, resonance behaviors of the fundamental resonance mode of diabolo gold metal bar optical antennas were investigated. The relationship between the near - field enhancement, absorption, and scattering spectra of localized plasmonic elements was explored. It was found that as the waist of the diabolo gold metal bar optical antenna was reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance increased significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo waist width caused redshift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross - section, scattering cross - section, and the near electric field. Oppositely, it was found that as the length of the diabolo gold metal bar optical antenna was reduced, optical energy absorption cross section and near field enhancement at resonance decreases significantly. Also reduction of the diabolo length caused blue - shift of the resonant wavelengths in the spectra of absorption cross - section, scattering cross - section, and the near electric field.Grating surface diabolo antenna design was proposed. It was found that grating superstructure perturbed the optical properties of SPPs (Surface Plasmon polarions) and enabled the control of resonance wavelength of the antenna. The grating reduced the power that flow out from the antenna and enhanced the localized electromagnetic fields intensity. The grating also increased surface plasmon currents because of the formation of bound surface states. As a result, the absorption spectra and near field intensity were enhanced but at the same time, the scattering spectra and the far field pattern were reduced.Titanium - Gold grating surface diabolo antenna was proposed. It was found that titanium metal strengthen the grating perturbation of the optical properties of SPPs and allowed wide range of wavelength shifting (3.5 ?m). Because Gold and Titanium have difference electrical resonance characteristics, less plasmon damping occurred, resulting in lower scattering efficiency and narrower plasmon line widths.Finally, system modelling and simulations is done by using electrical department super computer (24 parallel MP and 64 GB RAM) and COMSOL multiphysics 4.4 software.

تبؤ الاحمال الكهربائية للشبكة العراقية للمدة القصيرة باعتماد نظام المنطق الضبابي == Short - Term Electrical Load Forecasting For Iraqi Power System Based On Fuzzy Logic System

Author name: هدى منهي عبد العباس
Supervisor name: Firas Mohammed Tuaimah
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Load forecasting is used by participants in electric energy generation, transmission, distribution, and marketing for a variety of decision - making processes, such as economic dispatch, unit commitment, hydro - thermal coordination, transaction evaluation, and expansion planning. However, the need for accurate forecasts has intensified in the last decade due to the energy industry deregulation. Taking this into account as well as the rapid fluctuations in demand and abrupt changes in weather condition, access to reliable models for accurate forecast of load demand is essential. Due to the need for accurate load forecasts, numerous statistical and artificial intelligence methods have been proposed for the short - term load forecasting problem.In this study, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method, which is one of the statistical methods, and an Interval Type - 2 Takagi - Sugeno - Kang Fuzzy Logic System (IT - 2 TSK FLS), which is one of the artificial methods and an extension of the conventional fuzzy logic system, were applied. Developed models were trained using the genetic algorithm. With the purpose of an objective assessment, the available dataset was split into training samples (80%, ????????????) and test samples (20%, ??????????). The training data used in this study covered the period from January 1, 2012 to February 1, 2012 for winter season and the period from July 1, 2012 to August 1, 2012 for summer season. The actual load forecasting period started from January 22, till 28, 2012 for winter model and from July 22 till 28, 2012 for summer model.This work suggested two models; the first model was for hourly (24 hour) load forecasting for one day ahead and the second model was for one week ahead in hourly forecasting (from one until 168 hour). For each model, winter and summer seasons were presented. The Main average percentage error (MAPE) term is an index that provides information about the bias of the model and how close forecasts or predictions are to the eventual outcomes. Experiments conducted with real datasets for the Iraqi power system showed that IT2 TSK FLS models precisely approximated future load demands with an acceptable accuracy.The real data for Iraqi power system were taken from Iraqi Operation and Control Office which belongs to the Ministry of Electricity.A computer program, written in MATLAB programming languages, was developed to represent the proposed method.

تحسين تخطيط المسار للروبوتات المتنقلة والمستقلة بالحركة باستخدام خوارزميات الامثلية القائمة على مبدا التجمعات == Improvement of Path Planning For Autonomous Mobile Robots Using Population - Based Optimization Algorithms

Author name: فرح مهدي علي
Supervisor name: نزار هادي عباس
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Autonomous mobile robots are used in various applications such as dangerous regions. These applications demand robust and adaptable methods for path planning.Path planning optimization problem is a fundamental problem for robot navigation; its purpose is to find a collision - free path from the initial position to a target position. Many real - world optimization problems have become increasingly large, complex and dynamic, which require the development of methods and solutions whose efficiency ismeasured by their ability to find acceptable results within a reasonable amount of time.The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) algorithms are used for solving hard optimization problems, including path planning. BFO algorithm is a simple and powerful searching technique. On the other hand, Artificial Potential Field (APF) as a real time obstacle avoidance method is quite simple in theory, but it is easy to bring local minimum problem and failing to find a path in the narrow channel. Therefore, a method for hybridizing APF with BFO is introduced to make use of both methods' advantages. This thesis presents efficient and reliable four optimization algorithms to solve the path planning problem. The first two algorithms are developed based on ABC algorithm as global path planning; they specifically are modified version of ABC algorithm called Directed ABC (DABC) algorithm and a new fitness function added to ABC algorithm named Minimum Angles (MAABC) algorithm was developed. The other two algorithms were proposed based on BFO and APF algorithms as local path planning; they were namely improved versions of BFO algorithm with adaptive step size (ASBFO) algorithm and a proposed version of BFO algorithm with an adaptive tumble (ATBFO) algorithm.The developed algorithms were simulated using MATLAB R2011b package. The simulation results showed that these algorithms could find the shortest paths for even crowded environments. Moreover, these algorithmswere compared with other researchers’ work to evaluate their performance. Additionally, a comparison was made between the executing time of the proposed local path planning algorithms (ASBFO and ATBFO algorithms) and the real tracked military robot (e.g., Talon) to verify the capability of the proposed methods. Both algorithms achieved fast run time, approximately three times faster than Talon for complex environment, which made them practically efficient.

تصميم وتنفيذ منظومة مقاييس متوزعة ذكية == Design And Implementation of A Smart Distributed Metering System

Author name: مهند غازي خميس
Supervisor name: عدي عبد اللطيف عبد الرضا
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This work is concerned with designing and implementing a smart energy metering system that consists of two smart energy meters and a billing center. The designed smart energy meter is a single phase meter in which the amount of consumed energy is calculated using PIC18F45K22 (which is a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC)) and utilizing ACS758 (which is a Hall - effect based liner current sensor Integrated Circuit (IC)).The amount of consumed energy is sent to the billing center (which is implemented by using a laptop) for issuing the bills. The billing center receives the consumption data and sends the switching commands by utilizing an external communication technology. After comparing various communication technologies, ZigBee is chosen for this work.Two smart energy meters are implemented to test various communication conditions, such as multi - hopping. The design of the two smart energy meters differ only in the ZigBee addresses in the network.The program for the PIC's in the smart meters is written with MikroC PRO V6.0.1, while the program for the laptop in the billing center is written with Visual BASIC 6.

تمثيل وتنفيذ العاكس ثلاثي الطور رباعي السيقان بواسطة طريقة المتجه الفضائي بتضمين عرض النبضة == Modeling And Implementation of Space Vector PWM Four - Leg Three Phase Inverter

Author name: لؤي كمال عبد القادر
Supervisor name: فاضل عباس مهدي القرملي
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The thesis considers a three - phase four - leg inverter, which is used to supply unequal loads without using a transformer. In the literatures, a three - dimensional modulation technique, requiring complex mathematical algorithms were proposed for this kind of inverter. In this research a different approaches are discussed through two kinds of controller; first type is based on the separation control method of the fourth - leg of the inverter from the other phases for one type for modulation. This research applied to the three - phase inverter of the traditional SVM techniques avoiding the employment of complex procedures. The voltage modulation method based on a triangular carrier waveform for the three - phase four - leg voltage source converter. The four - leg converter can produce three - phase output voltages independently from the additional forth - leg. The proposed modulation method for the four - leg inverter is implemented with a single carrier by a simple useful “offset voltage” concept. The second type is equivalent to the so - called three - dimensional space vector PWM method, but its implementation is much easier. The simultaneously synthesized equations of the maximum magnitude of unbalanced three - phase voltage.The feasibility of the proposed modulation technique types verified by computer simulation and experimental results. These results show that both types of “Carrier - Based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique” and “Three Dimensional Space Vector Modulation Technique” are easier implemented than conventional type by using microcontroller component (PIC16F874A/877A) instead of digital components (DSP & FPGA). So this thesis offers a prototype for this circuit with low cost and low harmonics, but with more complex control circuit.

طرائق الكشف للتضمين الترددي المتعامد للرابط النازل في نظام تطور طويل الامد (LTE) == Detection Methods For Ofdm Downlink In Long Term Evolution (LTE) System

Author name: اكرم جبار عبد الحسين حسن
Supervisor name: يمان اسماعيل مجيد
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: GPP3 التطور على المدى الطويل (LTE) هو تقنية الجيل الرابع اللاسلكية ذات النطاق العريض. هدفه الرئيسي هو تعزيز الكفاءة الطيفية باستخدام تقنيات التضمين الترددي المتعامد بالتقسيم (OFDM). ومع ذلك، ياتي هذا التحسن في الاداء بزيادة التعقيد الحسابي في اجهزة الاستق | 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the fourth generation mobile wireless broadband technology. Its key objective is to enhanced spectral efficiency by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. However, this performance improvement comes at the cost of increased computational complexity in the receiver. The goal of this work is to introduce a detection method that gives a better performance with reasonable computational complexity for LTE mobile communication system. An approximated linear baseband model for the two modulation techniques used by the LTE system (which is the Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and sixteen - level Amplitude Modulation (16 - QAM)) have been derived. Three receivers have been simulated and tested. The three receivers use Least Square (LS) channel estimator. These receivers uses channel compensator, decision feedback equalizer and perturbation algorithm. The LTE communication system has been simulated using MATLAB®7 programming language. The results of the computer simulation show that the perturbation algorithm gives an enhancement in the receiver performance of about 2 dB in different mobile channels than decision feedback equalizer and about 5 dB than channel compensator at the 10 - 3 of BER.

بناء خوارزمية تزامن لانظمة (OFDM) باستخدام معالجة الاشارة الرقمية == Dsp - Based Synchronization Algorithm Implementation For OFDM System

Author name: رائد ستار جبر
Supervisor name: محمود عبد القادر عبد الستار
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electronics and Communications Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعدد الارسال للتردد بالتقسيم المتعامد (OFDM) هو مفتاح تمكين التكنولوجيا لمعظم انظمة الاتصالات اللاسلكية الحالية ذات معدل نقل البيانات العالي. والميزة الرئيسية للـ (OFDM) مقارنة بالطرق التقليدية هو انه يحول القناة ذات النطاق العريض الى قنوات فرعية ضيقة متو | Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the key enabling technology for most current high data - rate wireless communication systems. The primary advantage of OFDM over conventional schemes is that it converts a wideband channel into parallel narrowband sub - channels allowing relatively simple channel estimation and frequency domain equalization. It is as an effective technique for coping with channel impairments like multipath propagation and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) by making use of an appropriate cyclic prefix. One of the major drawbacks of OFDM is that it is more sensitive to synchronization errors than its single carrier counterparts. This thesis describes a real - time implementation of a timing and frequency synchronization for OFDM system using MATLAB software Simulink, DSP processor TMS320C6713 and Code Composer Studio (CCS). The hardware interface converts the baseband signal from the PC to the DSP Processor. Basic transmission and reception performances are evaluated in real time using Real Time data Transfer (RTDX). The practical results and performance evaluation of the synchronization algorithms in OFDM system is presented and discussed. The results are plotted for different offsets of CFO and STO with different values of signal to noise ratio. Also the bit error rate (BER) and the mean square error (MSE) of the system is analyzed. The results show that the time offset more effect than frequency offset because of ISI and ICI occurs when time offset occur in the system. The synchronization algorithm is found to be robust for both CFO and STO simultaneously. It can handle offset of about CFO = 500 Hz and STO = 14 samples simultaneously without wasting extra bandwidth. This algorithm used for synchronization more robust for 16QAM compared with 4QAM modulation.

الموقع الامثل للمعوض التزامني الثابث لشبكة الضغط الفائق العراقية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية == Optimal Location of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) For Iraqi National (400kV) Super High Voltage Grid Using Genetic Algorithm

Author name: حسن علي عبد المجيد سلبي البياتي
Supervisor name: Firas Mohammed Tuaimah
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Transmission networks of modern power systems are becoming increasingly stressed because of the growing demand and restrictions on constructions new lines. One of the consequences of such a stressed system is the threat of losing stability following adisturbance. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices are found to be very effective in a transmission network for better utilization of its existing facilities without sacrificing the desired stability margin.The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt device which employs one of the latest technologies of FACTS and power electronic switching devices in electric power transmission systems to control the voltage and power flow. The STATCOMregulates the voltage at its terminal by controlling the amount of reactive power injected into or absorbed from the power system.Whilst the Iraqi National (400 kV) Super High Voltage Grid System suffers from voltage stability problems because of the high variation in the reactive power conditions all over the year seasons. Therefore, this thesis proposed an application of the STATCOM devices to maintain the voltages within the specified limits and enhancing voltage stability for all seasons in the year, as well as reducing the apparent power losses. And in order to reduce therequired installation cost of the STATCOM devices, this performance has been done by using minimum possible size of the reactive power injected or absorbed by the STATCOM devices, while satisfying the stability limits.The benefit of the STATCOM devices depends greatly on how these devices can be placed in the system. The general problem focused in this thesis was how to optimally determine the locations and the sizes of the STATCOM devices that to be installed. For thatreason, it was decided to follow an optimization approach such as a Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is one of the heuristic methods to find the optimum location and the value of installed STATCOM devices.The Newton - Raphson load flow method, with the proposed approach has been examined and tested first on the 5 - bus IEEE test system; the results obtained encouraged us to implement the same approach on the 27 - bus Iraqi National (400kV) SHV Grid System.The real data for Iraqi network have been taken from Iraqi National Control Center (INCC), in the Ministry of Electricity.computer program, written in MatLab environment, was developed to represent the proposed method.

تقنيات النمذجة الذكية في تنبوء حمل الطاقة الكهربائية == Intelligent Modeling Techniques of Electric Power Load Forecasting

Author name: يونس محي نصيف
Supervisor name: حنان ميخائيل داود
General topic: Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering
Specific topic: Electrical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department Of Electrical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: As far as electrical power system is concerned, there has been a need to find out the future load in advance. Load forecasting has played an important role in the generation, transmission and distribution system planning. Load forecasting of future load demand is significant for an economic and secured operation of power systems. In general, the objective of high - precision load forecasting is difficult to achieve due to complex effects on load by a variety of factors.This thesis focuses on the study of long term load forecasting by using multiple linear regression (MLR) method and using different types of computational intelligence methods such as feed forward Neural Network with back - propagation (BP) tuning algorithm (FNN - BP), feed forward Neural Network with particle swarm optimization (PSO) tuning algorithm (FNN - PSO) and Elman Neural Network with back - propagation (BP) tuning algorithm (ENN - BP). Such forecasts will be highly useful in proper system planning and operations. The algorithms have been demonstrated using simulation programs in MATLAB environment.The usefulness of the five forecasting techniques was tested on a test system data for a Big Utility Company (Egyptian Unified Network). The obtained results showed that the ENN - PSO method takes advantage of accuracy and efficiency in prediction.The ENN - PSO method was performed using population growth data on the Iraqi National Grid for the duration from 2014 to 2030.
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