Author name:
انوار ناذر صيوان
Supervisor name:
مها خليل الملاك | علاء عبد الخالق حسين
Abstract:
Aim of study was to evaluated the effects of propylthiouracil (Ptu) drug on both maternal and fetus rats, used experimental animals (Rattus norvegicus) and after housing, breeding and adapting, (50) of virgin females choosen, isolated and then divided into two groups each group contain (25)rats, The mean weight of the animals was(200 ±50) gm and (8 - 10) week of age. Females on first group regarded as control and treated with distilled water while animals in second group were treated with (Ptu)dose as (0.05 %) and left for(14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5)for each group. Macroscopic observations on each group were recorded including changes in thyroid gland morphology, hypertrophy and enlargement at each period (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation for both pregnant rats and embryos,the shape of uterine hornes,and uterus with changes of fetus number, resorption, atrophy, malformation of body parts, indifferentiation of fore and hind limbs, skin abnormalities were noticed. The changes in placenta which appeared irregular, pale colour, congested with white fibrous regions were noticed in hypothyroid rat comparing with placenta of control group animal, which looked red, discoid shape and normal surface without any abnormal signs, in addition fatty ovaries with large amount of adipose tissue was accumulated in abdomen cavity, the ovaries irregular and showed structures in most pregnant rats of hypothyroid group comparing with control pregnant females.Present showed significant decreased at (P≤0.05) in mean length, weight and number of fetus at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation in all embryos related to hypothyroid rats compared to control. Histological study with light microscopy on sections from thyroid gland related to rats with induced hypothyroid showed reduced, small follicles with empty or little colloid substance, each follicle lining simple cuboidal or flat epithelium, an increased with stroma, variable size of follicles most of them smaller compared to control thyroid gland from control rats, which showed normal lobules, large follicles filled with colloid, and poorly stroma.Sections from uterus, ovaries, oviduct related to hypothyroid rats showed variable histological changes ranged from mild to severe like abnormal reduced layers of uterus, irregular uteri folded, degenerated with simple epithelial tissue that lining the uterus villi, haemorrhage in uterine gland, deposition of collagenous fibers, infiltration of lymphocytes and accumulation of adipose tissue. Ovaries from hypothyroid rats showed variable changes with ovaries follicles maturation, accumulated of adipose tissue, decreased graffian follicles, infiltration of lymphocytes and deposition of collagenous fibres with degenerated of lining epithelial layer compared with control ovaries.Microscopic observations of placenta sections from hypothyroid rats at different period of gestation revealed loss tissue, reduced placental layers thickness, necrosis in the peripheral regions, degenerated cytotrophoblasts that surrounding capillaries, the trophoblast giant cells appeared with degenerative changes in labyrinth and spongiotrophoblasts regions. undifferentiated fetal blood capillaries compared to control which the sections have normal structure differentiated to decidual basalis and labyrinth zones, the junctional zone composed of outer giant cells that separated the decidua basalis and trophospongium.In this study the ultrastructural changes in thyroid gland from maternal and fetus related to hypothyroid rat at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation were identified by electron microscopy and included changes in apical cytoplasm of follicular cells to microvilli, blebs and protrusions also dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, the empty vacuoles more than the dense vesicles, increased mitochondria and Golgi apparatus cisternae, changes chromatin and more cellular debris. Biochemical results in thyroid hormones revealed to significant increase in mean concentration of (TSH) in pregnant females with hypothyroidism during gestation periods in compared with control group, also there was an decrease in both (T3, T4) non significant, significant increased concentration in serum of pregnant rats on treated group with (Ptu) compared with their concentration of control pregnant rats.Levels of some oxidative enzymes (GSH & MDA) was estimated in this study and there was significant increased,non significant in their concentrations in serums of rats with induced hypothyroidism comparid to control group during each period of gestation (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) day. The study determined some of haematological parameters such as (R.B.Cs) count, (H.b) level and (P.C.V) ratio which showed non significant at (P≤0.05) hypothyroidism rats compared with control rats at the same period of gestation. Also the results revealed non significant with (T.L.C), (D.L.C) in all pregnant rats with hypothyroidism compared to control rats, the data showed an increased with lymphocytes and Neutrophils and Esoinphils cells in smears prepared from hypothyroidism rats compared to control group
