Author name:
مها عبد الرحمن حسين الزيدي
Supervisor name:
تحسين حميد مجيد
Abstract:
The Arabs were concerning with studying “holy Quran” along with telling the messenger holy talks.The holy Quran was collected and put down in the region of the first Kalifate Al - Rashidi, and it was completely collected and written down in the time of the third Kalifate.In respect with the messenger holy talks that being put down, after a long period, and probably, the prophetic biography was preceded the holy prophetic talks, for the biography of Ibn - Es’haak that reached to us by Ibn - Hushaam, was the lastest one.So, some researchers consider that the genuine intuition and genius of Arabs in writing the history appeared apparently in biography rather than news telling. There isn’t a nation, save Arab nation, pays more attention to the biography, beginning with Ibn - Es’haak, who wrote down the prophetic biography, and Al - Waqidi and Ibn - Saad who wrote narrators layers. The most prevailing feature of Arabic books, was the biography of celebrities. The lights have been focused on the prophetic biography wrote by Ibn - Es’haak since he was the first who put down the prophetic biography and put its basic bases. But the prophetic biography that begin written by Ma’amar Bin - Rashid had not been taken, because it didn’t reach us except some narrations transferred by some historians like Al - Wakidi, Ibn - Saad, Al - Balathri and Al - Tabari and only what saved in some libraries and the world museums, just like the eastern institute in Chicago. The text was published by the researcher Nabeha Aboud; in addition, we got other pieces of this biography and were still preserving in Istanbul, Morocco and Damascus. The copy of Istanbul was written on a piece of yam which being copied in Tilaitala in (363 A.H.).The significance of Islamic invasions together with the biographies that written by Maamar Bin - Rashid were because he was contemporary with Ibn - Es'haak and be near to his age, Ibn - Es'haak was born in (75 A.H.) and died in (151 A.H) or in (152 A.H.), while Maamar born in (95 A.H.) and died in (153 A.H.). Hence, they were of the same generation and of the same sources, who was mohammed Bin - Muslim Bin - Shihab Al - zahri (50 - 124 A.H.), being considered the first who put down the Islamic history, wrote down the prophetic invasions and gave the prophetic biography its present frame known now.So, probably, that Ibn - Es'haak considered the first who wrote down the prophetic biography which reached to us via Ibn - Hushaam may be taken from Maamar Bin - Rashid or both were quoting from one another. Hence, the narrations by Maamar Bin - Rashid were of high significance, but actually didn’t reach us in the form of volume, as did so Ibn - Es’haak biography. It’s worthy to note that my professor Dr.Tahsen Hameed draws my considerable attention to the importance of the current subject, while we are on the end of the preparation year. He demanded me to collect the narrations by Maamar Bin - Rashid for studying them, just like my another professor while he was in the college of Art - Al - Basra university, who supervised on a corresponding study written by salma Abdul - Hammed Al - Hashimi, who collected the lost narrations by Ibn - Taifour from the book of Baghdad and she was awarded with Ph.D. The nature of the study obligates to collect lost texts of Maamar narrations and to classify them, especially those concerned with prophetic biography. I’m demanded to collect them in one text and this work considered as a great effort, since it will submit to the researchers ready texts that could be depended in writing the biography and they are as if for Maamar Bin - Rashid. The reader will find these texts of these narrations in the second chapter since it is a basic part of the thesis that’s why the chapter is massive in its substance, quantitatively and qualitatively. I arranged the historical subjects in a traditional manner of Ibn - Es’haak and Ibn - Hushaam, starting with debutante of creation of over Mister Adam and initial messengers, followed by the mission and Islamic invasions. I arrange the invasions according to chronological sequence.The first chapter deals with Maamar’s life together with his youth, science demanding, his tutors, his students, his knowledge and sciences and historian’s impression. The third chapter is a completion of Maamar’s narrations, for the period of Kalifate Al - Rashidi and Amawyian state. My main concern is of the prophetic biography, and hoping all the biographies would be printed in the future.The fourth chapter manages to study the important bases of these narrations (tutors and students), including the method of Ma’amar in mention his narrations along with comparing them with those by Ibn - Es’haak , especially what concern with Islamic invasions and prophetic biography, and with those written by Ibn - Hushaam, who did not stated that he taken it from Ma’amar. I have depended on many sources and references that contribute together in building the current thesis.1. The Holy Prophetic BooksThe most outstanding of which is “Sahih Al - Bukhari” written by Abi - AbdAllah Mohammed Esma’el (died on 256 A.H.) and “Sahih Muslim” written by Adi - Al - Hussein Muslim Bin Al - hajaj (died on 261 A.H.) and others that being used as to raise Ma’amar’s narrations. I have also used Al - Musanaf book written by Abdul - razaq Bin Hamam Al - Sinaani (died on 211 A.H.), and we got Al - Jamaa book by Ma’amar Bin - Rashid (153 A.H.) through him. Al - Jamaa book is considered as an annex to Al - Musanaf book, that reach us by the way of Adul - Razaq Al - Sinaani who consider as a preserve for his biography and a famous one of his students.2. Interpreting BooksMany of interpreters have recited many talks written by Ma’amar in interpreting some Arts of holy Quran, despite that Ma’amar lived and died before appearing well - known interpretation books. Furthermore, his narrations contained a historical substance, which explained and interpreted some Ayat (denotations) of holy Quran. The most significant books of interpretation : “Jamaa Al - Bian Aan Taawel Ayat Al - Quran” by Mohammed Bin - Jarir Al - Tabari (died on 310 A.H.), “Tafseer Ibn - Katheer” by Abu - Al - Fidaa Esma’el Bin Oumar (died on 774 A.H.). It is necessary to note that I leave his other narrations and talks that don’t handle the historical side either be interpretation books or talks - books.3. Attribution Books The important one was “Al - Ansab” book by Abi - Saad Abdul - Karim Al - Samaani (died on 562 A.H.), “Al - Lubab Fi Tahtheeb Al - Ansab” by Ibn - Al - Atheer Ezadin Al - Jazri (died on 606 A.H.) which I got much benefit from, in knowing the relativism of Ma’amar Bin - Rashid.4. Men and Layers BooksI have used these books to build up my current thesis. These books of different kinds considered the richest field that gives us a great information. They do not submit to the incidents civilized appearances and social atmosphere, in a chronological series and logical connection, rather they submit to these incidents and social appearances in an undisconnection order. The books are enriching with the scientist, jurisprudence and the men of history and literature. Ma’amar, was one of these men, whose personality endowed with many sciences. The books have a great deal of his personality and knowledge, these books gave us valuable information about his relativism, date of his birth and death together with his tutors and students.There are many volumes which include : “Al - Tabakat Al - Kubra” by Ibn - Saad (died on 230 A.H.) which I got benefit of, specially in dealing with Ma’amar historical biography which was enjoyed and updated with many parts of this book, also “Al - tabakat” by Ibn - Khyat (died on 240 A.H.) that gave us information about the date of birth and death of Ma’amar, “Al - jarh wi Al - Taadeel” by Ibn - Abi Hatim (died on 327 A.H.), “Al - Thukat” by Ibn - Habaan (died on 354 A.H.).The books of Mohammed Bin - Uthman Al - Thahabi (died on 748 A.H.). “Tathkirat Al - Hufadh”, “Sier Alam Al - Nubalaa) and the books of Ibn - Hajar Al - Asqalani (died on 852 A.H.) “Tahtheeb Al - Tahtheeb”, “takreeb Al - tahtheeb” and “Al - Esaba Fi Tamiez Al - Sihaba”. All these books are arranged alphabetical, and being used to give more information about Ma’amar, his students and his tutors, these books are having a very significant role in giving confirmation for historical narrations. 5. History BooksThe top of which was “The history of Kalipha Bin - Kayat” and the books “Ansab Al - Ashraaf” and “Futuh Al - Buldan” by Al - Balathri Abu - Al - Hassan Ahmed (died on 279 A.H.) which submit some of Ma’amar historical biography, also I get benefit from the book “Tarikh Al - Rusil wa Al - Muluk” by Mohammed Bin - Jarir Al - Tabari, in which the recitation of Ma’amar was more than the previous ones, besides the recitation of the period of first messengers and the period of Islamic invasions. Also the book “Al - Bidaya wa Al - Nihaya” by Ibn - Kather (died on 774 A.H.) which was enriched with Ma’amar recitation either be in the period of Islamic invasions or in the period of Al - Kalifate Al - Rashideen.6. Biographies and Islamic Invasions BooksWhich I used them more, especially when I mention Ma’amar’s historical tales. These included “Al - Magazi” by Mohammed Bin - Oumar Al - Wakidi (died on 207 A.H.) which was rich in Ma’amar’s historical narrations. Also the prophetic biography books, of them the eldest ones were “Sierat Ibn - Es’haak” (died on 151 A.H.) and “Sierat Ibn - Hushaam” (died on 218 A.H.), which I used them to make comparison between Ma’amar’s narrations and their narrations in relation to historical and narrators fields.7. Books of Countries and Linguistic Encyclopedia Which I depend upon in determining some sites in different territories. The most famous book is “Mu’jam Al - Buldan” by Yakut Al - Hamawi (died on 626 A.H.) and of linguistic encyclopedia,the book “Mukhtar Al - Sihah” by Mohammed Bin - Abi - Baker Al - Razi (died on 666 A.H.), “Lisan Al - Arab” by Ibn - Mandhur Jamal El - deen Mohammed (died on 711 A.H.) and “Al - Kamus Al - Muheet” by Al - Fairuzabadi (died on 817 A.H.). In addition there were many other references, which their benefit came secondary.8. Modern BooksIn this thesis I use many modern books, and some of modern historians whom I get benefit of, who deal in their books many relevant sides like “Hadiat El - Arifen” by Esma’el Basha Al - Baghdadi, “Kamus Al - Alaam” by Al - Zargali, “Al - Tarikh Al - Arabi wa Al - Muarikin” by Shakir Mustafa, and “Taikh Al - Mathahib Al - Islamia” by Aiman Fouad Said from which I got many benefit points in during research.In spite of difficulty which I encountered during my research, and the prominent one was a lot of Ma’amar’s narrations and their scattering among many books especially those composed of many volumes that required a long time to scan so as not to miss any chance through which I could get a historical tale by him. Furthermore, the difficult conditions through which our country goes, which affect a great deal on students of knowledge and intuition. I want say that I do my best after firstly depending on Allah and on my professor secondly. I supplicate over Allah that I achieve a part of my study.
