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التركيب الاجتماعي لمدينة شط العرب == Social structure of the city of the Shatt AL - Arab

Author name: وسن ماجد عبد الله الحربي
Supervisor name: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Social Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التحليل الجغرافي لظاهرة الفقر في مدينة الزبير لعام 2015 : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == The Geographical analysis of the phenomenon of poverty in the city of Zubair for 2015 A Socio - Gographical Study

Author name: ميلاد عبد الله جادر المطوري
Supervisor name: عدنان عناد غياض العكيلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Social Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The trends of modern geography in the study of topics that address the problems of society and its various requirements in the spatial space, and focus on the social studies that fall in the areas of social development, which pay attention to the existence of an optimal life for the individual and his access to everything that is right for the individual for the decent life. Therefore I have done the present study to investigate poverty as a phenomenon that it is increasing day by day, and that poverty is one of the goals that development seeks to address. The results of the analysis showed increasing of rates of poverty and the extent of the impact of the spread of this phenomenon on the lives of the population in the city of Zubair, as the results showed a decline in the level of education and health levels and high unemployment rates among individuals from poor households and these results included studying the following : The study consists of 4 chapters. The first chapter deals with the theoretical concepts of the phenomenon of poverty and its methods of measurement in Zubair city. The second chapter deals with the study of the demographic, economic and social characteristics of the poor. The chapter is divided into three sections, each of which has one of these characteristics. The second included the economic characteristics while the third took the social characteristics, while the third chapter came after the study of the spatial distribution of the phenomenon of poverty in the city of Zubair in terms of places of concentration and lack of them in the city to find out the reasons that worked On the distribution of the poor, while the fourth chapter and the last to be a study of the causes of poverty in the city And its impact on society in the city and ways to address them, as well as the results and proposals as well as sources and supplements and the summary in English The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are : 1. The study reached the fact that the high rates of poverty and the proportion of poverty in the city of Zubair 22% of the total population of the city of Zubair and this indicates the extent of the aggravation of the crisis in the city.2. The poor in the city recorded 0.386% of the indicators in the development index, which is less than the lowest rate of development of 0.500%, which indicates the greatness and severity of poverty, which caused them deprivation of all components of life.3. The drop in the percentage of those enrolled in school and clearly between the primary and higher grades "for the other stages of study, as evidenced by the study the high illiteracy rate among the poor, with 11.2% of the total number of poor in the study

ظاهرة البطالة في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الاجتماعية == The Phenomenon of Unemployment in the city Province Study in Social geographey

Author name: اية محمود شاكر
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Social Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تمثل ظاهرة البطالة واحدة من اكبر المشكلات والتي لها انعكاسات اجتماعية وسياسية واقتصادية ، وهي بلا شك ظاهرة قديمة ولكنها اليوم اصبحت اشد خطورة من اي وقت مضى ، بل انها باتت اليوم احدى ابرز المشكلات الاساسية التي تواجه معظم دول العالم باختلاف مستويات تقدم انظمتها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية، وممزااد من خطورتها التزايد المستمر المطرد في عدد الافراد القادرين على العمل والراغبين فيه والباحثين عنه من دون ان يعثروا عليه وبالتالي اصبحت مشكلة خطيرة ، وما يترتب عليها من اثار جسيمة ذات مساس ببنية مجتمع المدينة، وبخاصة تلك المتعلقة بالاثار الامنية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية على افراد المجتمع ومؤسساته. تعد مدينة البصرة العاصمة الاقتصادية للعراق بحسب وصف المختصين كونها نافذة على العالم لما تحتويه واقليمها على موانئ تجارية هذا من جانب ، فضلا عن تركز اغلب المؤسسات الادارية والتجارية والصناعية من جانب اخر ، لهذا تعد المدينة قبلة الوافدين الباحثين عن عمل لكسب قوتهم اليومي . لذلك ساهمت العديد من العوامل ( الزيادة الطبيعية والهجرة الوافدة وعودة المهاجرين اليها ، فضلا عن استقطاب العمالة الاجنبية ) في ارتفاع معدلات البطالة بشكل كبير فاقت معظم المحافظات العراقية الاخرى وبالتالي تركت هذه المؤشرات اثارا اجتماعية واقتصادية وديمغرافية ادت بالنتيجة الى انعكاسات سلبية على اقتصادالمدينة مما شكل لها اثارا سلبية منها عدم الاستقرار السياسي والامني ، ناهيك عن الاثار الاجتماعية السلبية الناتجة عنها والتي تنعكس على سلوك الافراد . تهدف الدراسةالى تسليط الضوء على اهم واخطر قضية تعاني منها جميع المدن ومنها مدينة البصرة كمحاولة لتحليل واقعها المكاني ومعرفة اسبابها واثارها الخطيرة وتحديد طرق معالجتها ، باعتبارها تشكل تهديدا خطيرا ومتعدد الابعاد لاسيما اثارها الاجتماعية على الفرد والمجتمع ، وصولا الى التعرض الىاهم التجارب التي ساهمت في حل هذه مشكلة وامكانية تطبيقها على مدينة البصرة. توصلت الدراسة الى جملة من النتائج نورد اهمها : 1. ساهمت العوامل البشرية لاسيما الزيادة السكانية بفعل الولادات وتيارات الهجرة الوافدة الى المدينة في زيادة معدلات البطالة فيها، الخصائص الديمغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية دورا مهما في تباين معدلات البطالة في مدينة البصرة ، اذ نلاحظ ان الفئة (15 - 64) شكلت ما معدله (75,4%) وهي الفئة العاملة ضمن الانشطة الاقتصادية وبالتالي يقع على عاتق هذه الفئة اعالة الفئتين الاولى صغار السن (0 - 14 سنة ) والفئة الثانية كبار السن ( 65 فاكثر ) ، كما تبين بان معظم افراد العينة بمعدل (61,7%) يبلغ دخلهم الشهري اقل من (500 ) الف دينار لذلك فهم من فئة الفقراء كون مستوى الدخل لا يتناسب مع حالة ارتفاع الاسعار نتيجة لزيادة الطلب على السلع والحاجيات الاقتصادية والتجارية وبالتالي لايحقق هذا المستوى المعيشي للانسان برفاهية مما ينعكس على فقدان الامن الاقتصادي لكون شريحة كبيرة هم من فئة العاطلين عن العمل .2. اشارت الدراسة الى ان للبطالة اسبابا واثارا تترتب عليها ، اذ نلاحظ ان هناك اسبابا سياسية واقتصادية واجتماعية ونفسية ساهمت باستفحال ظاهرة البطالة في مدينة البصرة ، يقابل ذلك وجود العديد من الاثار التي تتركها البطالة على مجتمع المدينة منها ( اثار اقتصادية ، اجتماعية ، نفسية ، امنية ، وكذلك تؤثر بشكل مباشر على العامل واسرته لاسيما في الانخراط لتناول الخمر والمخدرات او السرقة والقتل )3. اتضح من خلال الدراسة بحسب احصائية وزراة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية بان هناك ( 169589 ) الف عاطل عن العمل في مدينة البصرة ، اذ سجلت اعداد العاطلين الذكور (158506) عاطلا وبنسبة 93,5% ، اذ شغلت اعلى فئة ضمن حملة الشهادة الابتدائية بواقع (21.7%) وادناها لحملة الشهادات العليا (0,2%) ، بينما سجلت العاطلات عن العمل لشريحة الاناث (10988 ) عاطلة وبنسبة (6,5%) كان اعلاها ضمن حملة الشهادة الابتدائية بنسبة (23,1% وادنى نسبة لمحلة الشهادات العليا (0,1%) | The phenomenon of unemployment represents one of the biggest problems that have social, political and economic repercussions. This was an old phenomenon, but now it gets more dangerous. It becomes the most prominent problem that other countries have been suffering from on different levels of life. What is more dangerous is that there are many people having the ability to work and they seek jobs and they have qualifications, but they haven't found such jobs. This has a negative effect on the social structure. Basra Province is considered as the economic capital of Iraq since it is seen as a window to the outside world for it has commercial ports and, further, it possesses administrational, industrial and commercial centers. Thus, this city is regarded as a gate to the foreigners and job - seekers. Accordingly, there are a lot factors contributing to the emergence of an increase number in unemployment, exceeding the other provinces in Iraq. Therefore, these reflected negative results on the economic, social and demographic levels that affected the political and security stability, as well as the negative social behaviour. The current study aims at shedding light on the most dangerous problem most of the cities in Iraq, including Basra, have been confronting in an attempt to analyze the spatial reality and to recognize the basic causes as well as its effects upon the individual and the society , then ending in the important experiments and practices that contributed to solve this problem and the possibility of applying these solutions to Basra Province. The present study found some results, most of these are presented in the following points : 1. The human factors, especially the population increase such as the number of births and immigration, contributed to increase the level of unemployment. The demographic, economic and social features played fundamental roles in the emergence of unemployment range in Basra. The category (15 - 64) occupies 75.4% that is the working category among the economic activities, and hence, this category is responsible for the sustenance of the category (0 - 14) years old. The second category is the old age generation |(65 years old) and more whose their income is lesser than 500 thousand dinars. This category has the percentage of (61.7%). This group of people is considered poor since their income level is not sufficient for the progressive rise in the prices of goods. 2. The study refers to the fact that unemployment has its negative effects. It is noted that there are political, economic and social as well as psychological reasons that helped in the flourishing of the phenomenon of unemployment in Basra province. These have resulted in the occurrence of addiction, crime and stealing. 3. Throughout the study, according to the statistics of ministry of Labor and social affairs, there are 169589 unemployed, the males are 158506 with a percentage of 93.5% . The highest category are those who are in the primary stage with a percentage of (21.7%) and the lowest category are those with higher certificates with a percentage of (0.2%). The number of unemployed women is 10988 with a percentage of (23.1%), the lowest category are those women with higher certificates with a percentage of (0.1%).