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الاقصاء الفكري والمذهبي في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى سقوط غرناطة 92 - 897هـ / 710 - 1491م == Intellectual And Sectarian Exclusion In Andalusia From Opening Until The Fall Of Granada{ 92 - 897H / 710 - 1491M }

Author name: احمد عبد الكاظم لجلاج
Supervisor name: شكري ناصر عبد الحسن المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Considered Andalus important Islamic metropolises where many scientists and thinkers who have taken it upon themselves to research and development in the fields of science and knowledge that was not the general situation accepted by explicitly but work on the stand especially her face and he saw it outside the Islamic religion famously took action to address them in all shapes and ways to eliminate those of science and knowledge in multiple formats such as imprisonment, exile, murder and other acts.So you divide my thesis to the front and pave contained four chapters in a statement Photos exclusion was a historic evidence from several perspectives in the control of the Maliki school and Aidulogith in the application of his ideas playoffs, has included a plan submitted Find based on unbridled desire that led me to choose a thesis and also the method and approach which it adopted thesis topics on the statement, and the statement of sources that our results in the Thighs thesis on the MAP.Either the first chapter we have offered is subject to the intellectual and ideological trends} origination and exclusion {has combined two sections, the first meaning of the exclusion and the statement of exclusion language and idiomatically as contained in the language dictionaries, as well as references to this meaning in the Koran and how Illth wrote boredom and the bees, which reflected the ideas of storytellers, and Pena impact political factor in the genesis of the doctrines in Andalusia, while the second topic and address the exclusion of doctrines in Andalusia under the headings exclusion of the Maliki school for the rest of doctrines and how he was able Maliki school of control after the support of the authority and its role and address of the exclusionary policy against science and knowledge and how was his word and Satwa on who oppose that Maliki played a major roleEither The second and the chapter was dedicated "religious charges" brought together the first two sections : charges of atheism and heresy "and touched it to the first two issues of religious charges and second counts mental science and made it clear both how to throw different religious charges if the charge of heresy or interest to get out of debt and that jurists which played a role they were able to form through which the interconnected series of charges pervaded the owners of the new science and the owners of renewed thought that scholars did not deliver them to the rest of the doctrines, scientists and thinkers of philosophy, medicine, astronomy and other sciences of those charges, either second topic and address the political charges came under the first two headings charge of conspiracy to power The second charge Altcol power we have explained in which the depth of exclusionary development that he tried to extend his policy all the roads in order to exclude others because of their ideological and intellectual.The third chapter and the chapter was devoted to the statement "intellectual exclusion methods" have included four first sections : exclusion prison and explained how it was able to owners of authoritarian thought the use of charges and packaged form that allows them to throw the accused in prison and policy practice their right tools and the pressure on them and which claimed the lives of some people to death because of those charges either second topic : the liquidation of murder also has its major role in the exclusion processes has used the owners of rigid trends and Alemtemthleen who led the Maalikis activate the secret and public killings tool for the liquidation of opponents of the scientific arena because of what were driven right Almgosain of false charges, either third topic : the displacement is considered the perfect tool for them in Almgosai deal signed after his land and his fellow workers, including an effective tool in the intimidation and terrorism. Either fourth topic : the destruction of intellectual productions and who embodied the most dangerous exclusion processes, as is the termination phase of the owners of the intellectual and religious trends through campus affected by them and which formed a burden on both cases, researchers because of the loss of those books and what the content of which were destroyed because of the desires of scholars and face Almtsidin of the doctrine of al - Maliki, the destruction of their books. The fourth chapter,dealt with and entitled "Methods of face exclusion," which came in the first two sections : hiding from the pressures of exclusion The first two addresses included immigration in order to avoid the development of cases of exclusion and the use of repressive tactics against Almgosain which necessitated their migration and disappearances in the Secretary and remote areas within Andalusia and beyond, and the second face the pressures of exclusion by the challenge and confrontation, or to stay and refused to obey the orders of the authority of the wishes of influential jurists Maalikis.The fourth five entitled "Public attitudes" which we explained where those positions have included the first two sections : the general attitudes of the implementation of the exclusion orders, which reflected the first two aspects positive supporter of thedecisions of exclusion and supportive of her and the second rejecting exclusion and confrontation with its decisions after remedied to the size of the plots hatched against scientists and scholars in order to exclusion, and the second represents their positions of intellectual and revolutionary movements embodied doing some revolutions against those who have been excluded. And the conclusion of the findings of the study of important results Astfadtha of those circumstances and women, which was the reason behind the exclusion of the right of scientists and thinkers the results of the task related to exclusion, as well as a list of the names of the manuscripts and sources in Arabic and translated, references and a number of messages and Alatarih university, periodicals and foreign references.
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تجارة القطن في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية بين عامي 1783 - 1865 == Cotton Trade In The United State Between 1783 - 1865

Author name: محمد سلمان منور
Supervisor name: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Had a history of the United States of America in the nineteenth century, important developments was the most prominent of the civil war between (1860 - 1865) between the southern states and the US federal government, and it was the most important reasons for having chronic disagreement between the parties on the issue of slavery, which resulted in the aggravation of this issue during the the nineteenth century to the occurrence of many developments that have made the two parties enter into frequent disputes between the two and the other.Cotton was the most prominent factors that caused the civil war, while it was slavery in America in the way of grants to recede and disappear in the final of the eighteenth century decade, emerged cotton crop tops the list of cash crops that the demand is very Kpalra in the late eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth century. , so gave cotton Aabboudah in the United States a strong motivation for the continuation of more than half a century, particularly since cotton was Leno in the south of large farms, which require a great effort to be planted and cared for. Against the industrial and commercial progress of the North because of the lack of orientation to agriculture causes climatic and topographic , efforts were concentrated towards industrialization, especially textile manufacturing, while the south has focused its attention towards agriculture with the rise of cotton has become more adherent than ever with his economic power, and of the slave
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كونراد اديناور ودوره في السياسة الخارجية لالمانيا الاتحادية (1949 - 1963) == Konrad Adenauer And His Role In Foreign Policy Of Federal Germany 1949 - 1963

Author name: محمد سمير خزعل
Supervisor name: اسامة عبد الرحمن نعمان الدوري
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: After the 2nd world war Germany had witnessed many great and important changes affected on its future for decades, especially its Spilt into two Germanys , Federal and Democratic, this Spilt occurred two contradictory countries, one followed the western countries and the other followed the Soviet Union. This came according to the results of the 2nd world war. So west Germany fell as a victim of division to United States, Great Britain and France which represented Federal Germany later, and Soviet Union occupied the eastern Part and founded Democratic Germany.These events led to weakness and division of Germany among the four countries, but the German political elites worked for reposition of Germany among countries, particularly in Federal Germany, where Adenauer rose as an important personality in Germany, according to his long experience since the German Empire and Republic of Weimar and then his opposition to Hitler's regime. Then he took an important role in formation the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) which contained the high political personalities who had a role in Republic of Weimar and were opponents to Hitler.The Dissertation consists of an introduction, four Chapters and a conclusions , the first chapter, entitled Konrad Adenauer and his first political activities until 1949, Which divided into four sections, The first tackled Konrad Adenauer : his life and beginnings till 1917. And the second section studied Konrad Adenauer as a mayor of cologne 1917 - 1933 which clarified his role in modernization of the city and his attitude from the general politics of Weimar Republic, the third section showed Adenauer during the period of the third Reich 1933 - 1945 which clarified his suffering of Hitler's regime, and the Fourth section talked the role of Adenauer after the 2nd world war and the foundation of the Christian Democratic Union until 1949, Which clarified his role as a mayor after the War and foundation of the (CDU).The Second Chapter studied the Role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1949 - 1953, Which divided into four sections, the first deals with the Elections Campaign and foundation of Federal Republic of Germany, and the second section included the basic principles of the German's foreign politics and the beginning of allying with occident, the third section followed the role of Adenauer in betterment the relationship between Federal Germany and France. The fourth section talked Adenauer and the cold war.The Third Chapter covered the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1954 - 1957, which divided into four sections, the first talked Adenauer's role in joined federal Germany in NATO. The second section clarify the attitude of Adenauer from the meeting of the four powers in Geneva and the Unity of Germany. The third section covered the attitude of the three allies from foundation of the German army. The fourth section deals with the role of Adenauer in forming the European Economic Community (EEC).The fourth chapter Focused on the role of Adenauer in foreign policy of federal Germany 1958 - 1963 , Which divided into four sections , the first studied the policy of Adenauer towards France 1958 - 1963. The second section asserted on the policy of Adenauer towards Britain 1958 - 1963. The third one studied the Attitude of Adenauer from Berlin crisis 1958 - 1961. The fourth and last section concentrated on the ends of Adenauer until his death 1967.The thesis has reached several conclusions , the main were : - Adenauer was different in his directions after the 2nd world war than before, because he thought the new stage needs new political visions, especially after the failure of Weimar Republic in realizing democracy, therefore he didn't return to the central party, but he founded a new party believes in equality in religions, so that some of protestant politicians joined his party. - Adenauer could drawing foreign politics suitable to German reality, and he succeeded in applying what he called in electoral program. - The Advantage of Adenauer wasn't for Germany only but for Europe in general, because what he done to create the European Economic Community was a clear evidence to his keenness on European Nation, so that he participated in foundation a union gathering European countries in all fields. - Adenauer perpetrated many mistakes at the end of his rule resulted hatred of some politicians to him and decreasing in his popularity, particularly when he was nominated as a president and then dragging his nomination, he gave a less value to the post of president, and he excluded the political competitors. - we can certainly say that Adenauer in spite of his personal autocratic tendencies was genuinely committed to liberal democracy, and that for 95 per cent of the time he acted within the parameters of the ‘Chancellor democracy’ existed in the sense that the Federal Republic had a very powerful chief executive in the Adenauer years (1949 - 63), or, to be more precise, it had such a person until 1961. It did not exist in the sense of its having an autocratic Chancellor
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المراسلات الادارية للامبراطورية الاشورية الحديثة (911 - 612 ق.م) تجاه حكام المقاطعات == Modern Assyrian Empire'S Administrative Correspondences To The Governors Of Territories (911 - 612 B.C.)

Author name: فاتن حميد قاسم
Supervisor name: غسان عبد صالح
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Administrative correspondences are considered of vital significance for any country or empire which kings keep on governing and ruling, and its importance like arteries for human body. The inception of the documentation of such correspondences can be traced back to the invention and spread of the writing system. Correspondences take a special place in the Cuneiform and historical studies since they are regarded as the most important historical resources for identifying the politics and civilization of Assyrian Empire exposing the life nature and administrative organization of the empire at that time, and this is the reason behind choosing such a topic as the main focus of this study. The present study falls into four chapters with an introduction. Chapter one deals with the nature of Assyrian administrative correspondences in the First Thousand B.C., and sub - divided into three sections. Section one is an introductory overview of correspondences and territories from linguistic and technical perspectives. Section two studies the formats of administrative correspondences. Section three sheds light on the employees of administrative correspondences (messengers) and their role in the Assyrian political and military life. Chapter two highlights the main Assyrian territories in terms of their geographical distribution. It is sub - divided into four sections. Section one examines the central territories, and section two studies the northern, western and west northern territories. Section three covers the eastern and south eastern territories, whereas section four tackles the southern territories. Chapter three examines the contents and themes of administrative correspondences. It has three sections. Section one spots light on the interior security affairs and laws abiding, the diplomatic tactics, and the intelligence system. Section two deals with the military correspondences, recruiting system and military campaigns. Section three, on the other hand, is mainly concerned with Assyrian mailing and communication system. Chapter four covers the administrative correspondences for economic and constructional aspects. It is sub - divided into three sections. Section one deals with the economic correspondences. Section two is limited to the constructional and architectural correspondences. Section three deals with diversified Assyrian correspondences. Finally, the study is concluded with a number of findings : Assyrian administrative correspondences show the kings? interference in every aspect of territories, and most correspondences sent by the governors were answers to the kings? messages. Also, there is a large number of correspondences approximating to 2000 messages covering different aspects, and some of these correspondences in script forms are not safe as many of them smashed and broken.

دور الاسرة البويونية في تاريخ مملكة بيت المقدس الصليبية (492 - 525هـ /1099 - 1131م) == The Role Of The Bouillons In The History Of The Crusader Kingdom Of Jerusalem (492 - 525 A.H/1099 - 1131 A.D)

Author name: امير محمد حيدر الطائي
Supervisor name: ليث شاكر محمود
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: By the end of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar, the Islamic world had witnessed a major turning point over the crusader invasion of the center of the Islamic world. The campaign succeeded in establishment of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 429 Higri/ 1099 AD; Godfrey of Bouillon had led the crusaders, and the Bouillons had the big contribution to the success of the first crusade since its launch (489 - 492 Higri/ 1096 - 1099 AD), until the crusaders took over Jerusalem in 492 Higri/1099 AD. The Bouillons endured the burden of defending crusade interests and fixing pillars of the crusade existences in Levant for two centuries.The dissertation has been divided into introduction, five chapters, conclusion, the references list and annexes.The first chapter addressed the situations of Europe and Islamic world in late of the fifth century of the Islamic calendar, the 11th century of the Georgian calendar. The second chapter addressed the role of the Bouillons in the First Crusade. As for third chapter, it addressed the relationship of Crusader Kingdom with Fatimid State, Seljuks, and The Byzantine Empire. And the fourth chapter addressed the political, administrative, religious and military systems. As for the fifth chapter, it addressed the social and economic life in the Crusader Kingdom.Godfrey's ruling lasted for one year only (492 - 493 Higri/ 1099 - 1100 AD), therefore, we cannot evaluate his era nor understand his strategy. However, Godfrey's effective role to the success of the first crusade, was the reason of selecting him as a king of Jerusalem, and crowning him after defeating the Fatimid in Ashkelon battle during the same year.Baldwin I of Jerusalem (493 - 511 Higri/ 110 - 1118 AD) is the first real founder of the Crusader Kingdom. the kingdom was greatly expanded in his era. He took over the cities of Arsuf and Caesarea in (494 Higri/ 1101 AD), Acre in (497 Higri/ 1104 AD), Tripoli (502 Higri/ 1109AD), Beirut (503 Higri/ 1110 AD), and Sidon in (504 Higri/ 1111 AD). His strategy was to link the crusade kingdoms with Western Europe through the Mediterranean Sea, the new king succeeded to reach that end with collaboration from fleets of the Italian cities.Reign of Baldwin II (511 - 525 Higri/ 1118 - 1131 AD) is regarded a continuation of the Baldwin I. The crusaders, during his term, could take over the city of Sour in (518Higri/ 1124AD). Political, administrative, social, religious, and economic laws and regulations began to shape very clearly.Thus, the Crusader Kingdom became a major power in the heart of the Islamic world, and a real risk to the Levant and Egyptian cities.
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اتحاد جامعة الدول الامريكية 1933 - 1948 : دراسة تاريخية == Pan - American Union (3311 - 3391) : A Historical Study

Author name: خالد عبد نمال حوران
Supervisor name: حسن علي سبتي الفتلاوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The topic of Pan American Union (1311 - 1391) is considered as one of the most important topics in the American history in general and in the history of the United States in particular for its distinguished role in the American Unity. The American regional order appeared as an ambition and as a high example in 1181, but its transformation into an agency that represents all the republics of the western hemisphere began in 1113 when the first international conference was held for the United States in Washington, while the last stage of its development was in 1391 when the charter of the organization of the American States was signed in Bogot?. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter dealt with the development of the idea and the function of Pan American Union until 1311. The second chapter was dedicated for the study of the United States' exploit of Pan American Union for the purpose of dominating the neighborhood. The third chapter traced the development of Pan American Union's attitudes towards the regional and the international developments during second World War (1313 - 1391). The fourth chapter focused on the development of the Union's attitudes and its regional and international attitude after second World War till1391. The study was based on various sources and arrived at some findings that can be briefed as follows : - The establishment of Pan American Union was entirely as a response to the need for facing the aggression threat from outside and search for an alternative for intervention from one side, i.e, United States of America. Although the American joint action in the western hemisphere began late in 13th century with the establishment of a commercial office for information broadcast concerning commercial exchange and customs legislation among Latin America countries conference as a result of holding the first conference in Washington (8,November 1113 - 3,April 1131) had helped the declaration of what is called the "Pan American Union "among the American States at he conclusion of the proceedings of the American conference held in Buenos Aires (18 July - 11 August 1311). - With the inauguration of Franklin Roosevelt as president of the United States of America in 1311 and announcing that he would follow a good neighbor policy and non - interference in other countries, affairs in the western hemisphere, the road was open for the transformation of a unilateral commitment of the United States of America intoa joint commitment of the United States as a whole, especially with the approach of second World War. - In July 1391, the council of ministers of foreign affairs of American States decided in a meeting in Havana considering an aggression directed from any non - American state against any American states as an aggression against all the American states. - The Pan American Union, for another time, in its conference held in Mexico in 1391 emphasized on the principle of collective security. - In 1391, the United States put their obligation of mutual assistance and consultation in case of aggression in a cultural framework under Rio treaty of mutual assistance. - The organization of American States was founded in 1391in the 3th conference in Bogot? and its exercise was affected by this framework in which it found the principles and the objectives of the organization American States
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المسالة البلغارية في الدولة العثمانية 1878 - 1914 == Bulgarian Issue In The Ottoman Empire 1878 - 1914

Author name: ساهرة حسين محمود الصامري
Supervisor name: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The issue of the fate of the Ottoman State and its properties, which is known in the political history as the Eastern Issue, occupies an outstanding place in the European diplomacy during the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth centuries. In short, the Eastern Issue includes all the problems associated with the domestic fall of the Ottoman State, the revolutions of the peoples ruled by the Ottomans, and finally the tangled and conflicting interests of the European Countries in the Ottoman Empire. These countries also interfere in the process of the Ottoman fall. This study aims at analyzing the events that took place in Balkan Peninsula, following the results of the Russian - Ottoman War during the years 1877 - 1878. That war gave rise to the birth of the Bulgaria Principality; and then the resolutions of Berlin Conference, held in the last year, enhanced the existence of this Principality which gained its full independence from the Ottoman State in 1908. Having known the international circumstances involving this issue is not easy, especially that concerning Bulgaria, for most of the historical sources which dealt with the issues of the Balkan Peninsula or the Eastern Issue introduced a general view about what had happened to all the Balkan Countries. These sources do not profoundly study the issue of Bulgaria; and this why the researcher has done her best to come out with a comprehensive study for this issue depending upon genuine recent sources including correspondences, presenting attitudes and suggestions.Scope of the study and analysis of sources This study is divided into an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion, a set of selected appendixes, and a list of sources and references. Chapter One : It is a summarized introductory chapter intended to be as an introduction defining Bulgaria in particular to enable the reader to have a general idea about the historical and social components that help understanding the national awareness and the religious influences on it, and then the development of the political events.This chapter also studies the historical extension of the relations of the Ottoman State with Bulgaria right from the beginning in 1393 till 1878, when the Bulgarian Principality was used after the Russian - Ottoman War (1877 - 1878). Chapter Two : This chapter handles the development of the events in the Balkan Peninsula in the years preceded Berlin Conference 1878 - 1878. Though the period was more than four years, it was full of new events. During that period, several revolutions broke out in the Balkan Countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina Revolution 1875 - 1878, the Bulgarian Independence Revolution 1876 - 1878, the Serbia and Montenegro Revolution 1876 - 1878. In addition, the independence of Greece and Romania took place in 1877 - 1878. Therefore, this historical change is worthy of studying as it has got an effect on the following Bulgarian events. Chapter Three : It deals with the Eastern Issue and Berlin Conference in 1878; it also includes the five topics handling the Major Eastern Issue, the outbreak of the Russian - Ottoman War in 1877, holding of San Stefano and Berlin Treaties, and the important results brought forth. As the five topics form the starting point for the Bulgarian issue and its causes, this chapter is made up of more researching pages than the other chapters that the researcher is unable to avoid them. Chapter Four : It studies the attitude of the Ottoman State towards the developments of the Bulgarian issue from 1879 to 1908. When the Ottoman coup d'état occurred, a period of Russian endeavor, especially in the years 1879 - 1880 to complete the mission of building the Bulgarian Principality such the issuing of the institution and the election of the prince. However, the events in Bulgaria had an effect on the problem of the increase of the general Ottoman debt to the European Banks, especially in the years 1881 - 1884. The problem of this irremediable debt was one of the reasons that exhausted the overburdening of the Ottoman State; and what made things even worse was that during the following years 1885 - 1888 the Serbian - Bulgarian War broke out. The result of that war led to join Eastern Romello to Bulgaria. The progress of the circumstances in the Balkan countries had an effect on the Bulgarian issue, the most important of which were the Greek - Ottoman War 1896 - 1897, and the role of the European countries which were not neutral in their attitudes. The European countries had their own avarice as well as their religious bias accompanying the events supported by the popular support. Chapter Five : This chapter is the conclusion in which the researcher states the interior political changes in the Ottoman Empire and in the Balkan Peninsula during the years 1908 - 1914. During that period, there were important Ottoman and European attitudes towards the issue of the Bulgarian independence in 1908. It was an important year which witnessed great changes in the Ottoman State along the subsequent years, as mentioned above. Also, there were important events during the subsequent years such as the Bulgarian attitudes towards the Macedonian issue 1908 - 1912, and then Bulgaria signed a treaty with Serbia in the last year, as well as the former's attitude towards the war which broke out in the Balkan countries during 1912 - 1913. Finally, the researcher stated the treaty of Bucharest and the Ottoman fluctuating attitude towards Bulgaria 1913 - 1914. The Ottomans did not have any clear attitude for various reasons despite the general circumstances surrounding them.
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تطور منهج الكتابة التاريخية حتى القرن الثامن الهجري : كتب التاريخ العام انموذجا == The Evolution Of Muslim'S Historical Curriculum Until The Eighth Century Of The Hegira / The Fourteenth CE (Books Of General History ) Sample

Author name: نضال محمد قمبر
Supervisor name: جاسم ياسيـن محمد الدرويش
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study discusses the latest developments adopted by muslims in the field of general history. Starting with the development of the historical curriculum historic ok the beginnings of books forewords the evolution of the curriculum embedded in these books themselves. The group was selected from the history books that have reached us in full forms , Excluding those that lack substance. Because that the purpose of the study identify the origins of the evolution in the methodology of historical writing , So put a plan aimed at addressing this purpose, The study is divided to four classes. Chapter one follows the methodological development of the preludes of general historical books , And is divided to two sections. The second chapter begins the study of the contents of the general history books , The theme of this chapter the time distribution of historical material and divided in to two sections. The first section specialized is concerned studyn (size classification for historical eras). The second section comes on what type of historical material in various times. Chapter three deals with Methods of historians ; is the divided to three detectives. The first addresses the historical curricula in narratives , the second approaches to the attribution and sources , and the third focuses on critical curriculum. Chapter four considers the factors affecting trends in historical writing. through four detectives ; The first Searches the political factor , the second focuses on regional and national factor, the third discusses religious motivation, and the fourth on cognitive motive
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العلاقات الدومنيكانية - الاميركية 1968 - 1900 == The Dominicans - American Relationships 1900 - 1968

Author name: لطفي جميل محمد
Supervisor name: طيبة خلف عبد الله
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Dominican Republic had a cardinal importance in the Caribbean area because of its strategic location. Since the nineteenth century, and after the (Monroe) declaration, the United States of America became a strong competent to the European powers in the Caribbean area in specific, and the western hemisphere in general.After the World War I, accompanied with the complicated international relations, the Dominican Republic was still the main focus of the USA, not because of the Dominican economics, but because of the USA anxiety that a certain European power might become itsneighbor, in more than two thousand kilometers away from USA. However, due to the dramatic changes, after World War II, and the apparition of new international powers like the Soviet Union, in addition to the communist ideology and its quest for spreading socialist principles all over the world, the competition turned into an international struggle between the two camps : the Eastern led by the USA, that competition had come be called (The Cold War).Henceforth, the Dominicans Republic a gained more American interest. The Americans feared that the Dominicans become a new (Cuba). For that fear, the USA invaded the Dominicans twice, the first was in 1916, while the second in 1965. The goals of the two invasions are not entirely different - the goal of the first invasion was to the Soviet power.The reason behind the researcher's choice of the American - Dominicans relation (1900 - 1968) is because of the assumption that the historical relationships have not been investigated in the Arab Homeland, in general, and Iraq in specific. The researches have beeninterested mostly countries like Cuba, Panama, Guatemala, and other Latin countries, as well.The dissertation consists of three chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one deals with a historical and geographical introduction to the Dominican Republic. There are hints to early relationships between the Dominicans and the United States. Moreover, the Chapter has demonstrated the serious developments encountered by the Dominican while founding the liberal independent and safe state. Chapter two has studied the beginning of the formal relationships between the two states since 1900, up to the deterioration of the relationships. Such deterioration led to the USA invasion to the Dominican Republic in 1916. It was flowed by the rise of (Trujillo)Republic and the relations with that dictator for three decades. Chapter Three has been devoted to the international developments after the Second World War, the Cold War and the influence of such developments on the relations between the two states. The relations witnessed a sort of retreat because of Trujillo's policies, interior and external, and the scheme for his assassinate Chapter also tackles the serious developments after Trujillo, which led to the second USA invasion in 1965, and the USA retreat from Dominican Republic. The study is rounded up with conclusion deduced from the research with has sources to various documents and foreign sources.
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه تشيكوسلوفاكيا 1941 - 1948

Author name: حنان عباس خير الله السعيدي
Supervisor name: عماد مكلف عسل البدران
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This Study dealt with the subject "The policy of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia 1941 - 1948 ". Although Czechoslovakia had gotten the independence in 1918, but it was contained many nationalities. It had taken its lands from German to new state.It made German trying the revenge to itself indeed Czechoslovakia became the victim became the German occupied it 1939. Although the United States of America made the political isolation between the two world wars but the policy was changed for many reasons and was resulted through many situations imposed on political United State direction to take the positions of number of crises that the world is witnessed and determined the European continent , as it had taken the position of some of the issues by adopting global peace process. The subject of the policy of the United State of America towards Czechoslovakia considered as historical issue about people that they situated under the control of German. In addition , the geographical location to Czechoslovakia in center of Europe , it represented the point connection with western Europe , all of these points , it left affects on the political of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia through American treatment with after the political Czechoslovakia with west and east in order to bridge between them. The Start of the subject 1941 because it involved the entranced United State of America to the word war and the year involved the started resistance in Czechoslovakia in order to American recognize about the government them in outside that it formed in London 1941 after the Soviet recognize and British 1941. The thesis stopped in 1948 because it was the year involved the control of the communisms on the order in Czechoslovakia , which on its impact Czechoslovakia joined the socialist bloc and become part of the communist camp. The formwork of the dissertation consisted of introduction , four chapters , conclusion and indexes. The chapter one concentrated on " The political of the United States of America towards Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1941 ". Chapter Two explained the situation of United States of America towards the republic of Czechoslovakia 1918 - 1920 , in addition to attentions between two countries and the political of United States of America towards Czechoslovakia during the development of the country during between two wars , that period was characterized by frequent civil war and international crises resulting from the expansionist ambitions espoused by the German leader Hitler about that continent , the Czechoslovakia crisis of the most prominent of these crises , also attitude on the United States of America position on the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939 , and the outbreak of the second world war and its impact on United States of America policy toward Czechoslovakia. The chapter two involved " The entrance of United States of America the war and the effect of the political towards Czechoslovakia 1941 - 1944 " In 1941, the policy of United States of America entered to new level represented the effects ( Eduared Benes ) the president of the government Czechoslovakia in the exile for sake the recognition from United States in addition the highlight upon the America situation towards agreement Soviet - Czechoslovakia 1943 , It was addressed to Czechoslovakia proposal for the signing of an international treaty , including the nature of the international situation , and the statement of the position of the Slovak uprising in year 1944. Chapter three involved " The political American towards Czechoslovakia year 1945 ". This chapter explained the United States of America and the situation in Czechoslovakia , also The political American towards Czechoslovakia in light of trends Soviet , it was the highlight of the American interest in the process of transfer of the Sudeten German from Czechoslovakia. Chapter four was addressed the political of United States of America towards the inner developments in Czechoslovakia 1946 - 1948. This chapter studied important developments of inner political and foreign to Czechoslovakia and it concentrated upon the attitude of United States of America towards those the developments particularly after elections year 1946. In addition to studied the project Marshal 1947 and political crisis that happened in Czechoslovakia year 1947 and attitude of United States of America , and attempted to stand the communists and prevent them from control of the government , as well as attitude the United States of America on the communist coup in 1948. The conclusion explained the important results that it arrived the research about the political of United States of America revealed towards Czechoslovakia that it showed the strong political from United States of America before second world war which it affected on the all events in Europe , especially after the British inability from the deterrence of German expansion. The United States of America delayed the recognition of the Czechoslovakia government even entered world war II is undoubtedly a clear indication that he was not specific to the United State of America policy towards Czechoslovakia. But that became apparent after the second world war the United States of America began landmarks determine the orientation towards the strengthening and expansion of political , security and economic alliances that bind the United States of America with the other parties , in allowing it to maintain its influence on the superior, and the inclusion of any global role or European secluded about the American role in the future
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شخصية الرسول محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: ثائر هادي رسن العقيلي
Supervisor name: هشام جخيور ميري الربيعي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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فلسفة الاختيار عند الانبياء عليهم السلام == Philosophy Of Choice Of Profits ( Peace Upon Them)

Author name: ذكرى عواد ياسر
Supervisor name: حميد سراج جابر الاسدي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This subject is taking care in the study of Philosophy or causes "The Philosophy of choice at the prophets "peace upon them ". The study is not for all choices at the prophets but only interested in part of these choices specifically the special choices. the sudden choices that effects and echoes not just in the time when they are occurs and happen but , also, for the future times and places , the choices that have impact and results. Our attention is on the choices at the prophets outside the divine commands of Alah " the God". Thus this thesis came out containing an introduction and for chapters and four chapters and conclusion. The introduction includes the concept of choices and its relation to the selection of the prophets and their preservation. The four chapters are follows : In chapter one include the title of the Philosophy of the qualified personal and their address of time and place. In chapter two include the study of the Philosophy of immense strategic, dimension and persuasive reasoning in time and place of choices. In chapter three include the social Philosophy and moral deterrent. In chapter four include the statement of Philosophy of evidence and in choices ideological and social logic
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النبي ادم : دراسة تاريخية في ضوء الايات القرانية == The Prophet Adam, Peace Be Upon Him Historical Study In The Light Of The Quranic Verses

Author name: حسن ثاجب الركابي
Supervisor name: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Ancient History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study of the lives of the prophets daunting for the researcher because of foot eras, and the lack of information about their age, and what happened in the events as well as the lack of competent older studies archeology about the news received from the prophets, and the dependence on novels news, and to afflict some of the myths and Israeli, and what happened of forgery of some historical facts in the process of some prophets multiple motives, some of the reasons social, ethnic, political or religious, and others..Use the Quran different methods, to get to Maevkr by humans of faith and life issues, was among those methods is the narrative method, which Anmaz being integrated literary style because it is from God. It is the most beautiful of the contents topics Koran wonderful stories that talk about the progress of the prophets and apostles and told God that their stories are the best stories, they are stories right, and not just for fun and enjoy, but it is to achieve scientific and intellectual goals, and educational and advocacy. All this was an incentive to study their stories to make peace in the Holy Qur'an, the choice fell on the story of the Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, it is the story of humanity as a whole, and the study was titled (Prophet Adam, peace be upon him in the Koran). So it was this subject need a scientific study based on the Koran and the correct Sunnah which are consistent with the Qur'an and do not conflict with him, all of my predecessors in writing all aspects did not address as stated in verses stones, was agreed with Dr. supervisor on this topic, take title appropriate for him after extensive discussion, is worth mentioning that some stated in this study is not Koranic verses as they constitute the core of the research sample, relying to some proper conversations approval of the Quran and the mind to analyze and explain the verses.The research plan : Has adopted where the substantive division, Vksmt search into four chapters : First, the conditions of the family, and this chapter has the meaning and derivation of the name of peace, as well as his descendants and Wife, and the story of Cain and Abel friendly mentioned in the Koran, and the issue of nuclear proliferation.II : creation and succession, eat this chapter phases created peace be upon him and the purpose of it and some of the physical attributes, as well as Astkhalafah in the ground, and the nature of the succession, and the position of the angels, including.Third : honor, eating his prophecy peace be upon him, and his knowledge of names and their meanings and content, as well as the angels prostrating to him, and what this prostration and Hakikth.IV : troubled in Paradise, and eat it divine live in paradise and wisdom, and place, and wills and pledges divine Adam, roads followed by the devil to get him out of heaven, as well as a statement of sin and justified, and repentance and their causes and meaning of real.Difficulties : Which I encountered during writing, including : 1 - similarities and redundancy in the Quranic verses, for example, Sura 34 where almost from Surat norms : 11 - 12, and Al - Isra : 61, and the Cave : 50, and content prostrate to Adam, peace be upon him, as well as Al - Baqarah : 35 - like Surat norms : 19, and content of Adam lived in paradise, and other verses that Aasana to mention. 2 - Israeli abounded in the books of interpretation, and different views of the commentators both by his doctrine, and limiting the senior commentators in their interpretation on the meaning of the words, which made us late Nltgi to interpreters to understand the Quranic verses, and infinite views and statement probably. 3 - The lack of Quranic texts to some of the issues which can not be dispensed with in this study, as a matter of creating Eve, Atomic and reproduction, and the language of Adam, and some physical attributes. In spite of this, but we Alsaab and the grace of God first, and the efforts of Dr. supervisor Secondly I managed to overcome them, and if there is a failure in some detective they were not deliberate, this is all we ca
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بريطانيا وايرلندا الحرة : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1939 - 1945 == Britain And Free Ireland A Study In Political Relations 1939 - 1945

Author name: يوسف طه حسين القريشي
Supervisor name: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This dissertation aims at making the Arabs and researchers realize the major aspects of the British - Irish relations in most dangerous period, the Second World War. This study follows up the reasons behind the Irish state refusing of the British demands of the military facilities, especially the using of the Irish ports as well. Moreover, the study discusses the nature of political relations between Britain and Ireland during the Second World War and its effects on war.The study begin in 1939,because it is the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Second World War and at end in 1945 in which Hitler’s defeating in Europe. The study falls into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the researcher sheds light on historical background of the British - Irish relations. This chapter focuses on the British occupation of Ireland from early time and the political developments of the relations between Britain and Ireland since the Irish independence up to September 1939.In the second chapter the researcher studies the British - Irish relations from the outbreak of the Second World War up to 1941.The researcher focuses on the Irish attitude towards the military developments of war since early time up to U.S.A. declaration of war against the Aix powers, the British efforts to get the military facilities from Ireland, and follows up the reasons behind the Irish state to refuse the British demands.The chapter three devoted to discuss the international developments and its results on the British - Irish relations from 1942 up to 1943.The researcher focuses on the U.S.A. efforts to improve the British - Irish relations, the Irish reactions on the landing of the American troops on the north Ireland, and the Irish resistance of the Allied demands of the putting up the propaganda and spy of the Aix powers in Ireland. Finally, this chapter deals with the Welch’s visiting to London and its effects on the British - Irish relations. The last chapter devotes to deal with the continuance of the British demands from 1943 up to 1945.The researcher tries to discuss the Irish resistance of the British demands on dismissing of the Aix diplomats from Ireland, the Irish attitude towards the last developments of war, the British demands not to grant asylum to war criminals of the Aix powers, and its demands to hand over the German detainees in Ireland.As for the conclusion, it is as a summary of the most important results that the researcher arrived it
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الثورة المكسيكية 1910 - 1940 : دراسة تاريخية == The Mexican Revolution 1910 - 1940 Historical Study

Author name: عقيل جعيز شمخي السهلاني
Supervisor name: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Did not receive historical and political issues for countries the Americas interest academic studies in Iraq, except for the study of the history of the United States and positions on many issues around the world, to the United States from a broad relationships global position as a major country, so it remained date the Americas states unknown is not addressed to him only through the study of European history since the start of the geographical statements, because of the political weight of Europe in that era, and the strength of the ruling European households able to roots date manufactured in the Americas, and stuck to the lead in writing and drafted in accordance with the historical and the European political perspective. Given the changing political situation in the Americas as a result of the liberation movements of European colonialism, especially after the American War of Independence in 1776, linked the peoples of the Americas Association of law, citizenship and belonging and state sovereignty in a new way. This has resulted in all the new events and new variables from which emerged the new date as part independently of European history, and it became necessary to study the history completely independent way from what it was before independence. It is fitting that academic studies trending in Iraq toward areas and historical issues that has not received sufficient attention commensurate historical value new perspective, emphasizes the study of circumstances and experiences of these countries and the size of the similarity between them and the Arab states in the tragedy of division and retail inherited Arab and American countries of European colonization, including where Iraq. Before that democracy achieved in many American states, had to pass through several stages of the struggle, succeeded in some of them, and failed in others, but the struggle for democracy has never abated, it has witnessed the Americas in the early twentieth century revolutions several In order to achieve democracy was the most important subject of the study of the Mexican Revolution. The importance of this revolution back to several reasons, not necessarily called for the study was the most important. Historical extension of the revolution, because the revolution was the outcome of political and social developments and serious economic passed out of Mexico since the Spanish occupation in 1519 have until the fall of dictatorship under Broferrio Diaz in 1910 at the hands of Francisco Madero. That era that changed the moral concepts of the social level, and made Mexico ample vast American intervention at the political level, a cheap commodity and foreign investment in the market at the economic level. The Revolution the lead in advocating the values of socialism worldwide and the first missionary out, as it was the first revolution in the twentieth century has inspired a lot of American States freedom and independence, thus this would be a major historical turning point towards global socialism that has taken root quite the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its ideology of Marxism in 1917, but the revolution in Mexico has not received as much attention is given to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason for this is the different ideological visions between the two revolutions, and the export of socialist principles mechanism for other countries, Russia has worked on the export of the socialist doctrine of the world, and Mexico provided only in the framework of American States. The length of time it took the Revolution, which lasted forty years, in which he expressed a continuing insistence of the Mexican people to aspire to freedom and to the establishment of a civil state based on democratic institutions. Mexico also saw a succession in which many governments because of the large number of political conflicts and growing competition in the access to the top of the pyramid of government in the state, as well as changes in the political arena of uprisings and rebellions and counter - revolutions. Permanent political conflict between Mexico and the United States because of the border overlap between the two countries, and the continuation of hatred between the two peoples, because remnants of the Mexican - American War 1846 - 1848, which manifested itself what is known as (b waiver Mexican) all from Texas, Florida and Chrinland to the United States, as well as US concerns Mexico from being sucked toward the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union in the framework of the World Socialist capitalist race. The class struggle, who grew up under the dictatorship of Diaz, whose impact on the overall social relations in Mexico, which split the Mexican community and the jurisprudence of the two categories of workers, farmers, and gave rise to a lot of uprisings and revolts and strikes led to the result of dismembering the society which form difficult to contain conflicting attitudes in under the Mexican Revolution. So a lot of those so - revolution social revolution. Revolution split into two phases, the first armed struggle involved and spread within the period 1910 - 1920, the second is the stage of the reconstruction of Mexico from 1920 to 1940. And the size of the political challenges faced in the context of those eras. The aim of the study is to show the importance of this revolution, and the analysis of the roles that passed out politically, socially and economically, which crossed the whole for (unanimously for the birth of Mexico current), as well as the desire that this study be suitable to understand a lot of problems that are related to American history away ground import perceptions of Western literature and studies. Besides contributing to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi libraries studying this historic area. Was chosen in 1910, the beginning of the subject, because it is the year that was sparked by the revolution at the hands of Francisco Madero, and fell by the Government Breviro Diaz after thirty - four years of dictatorial rule passage, and your search is over in 1940 after the end of Cardenas rule which put an end to the end of the revolution, so Btamima Mexican oil and apply it the Law of Agrarian Reform and lay Constitution, which was founded on the jurisprudence of the modern Republic of Mexico and the handover of the National Revolutionary Party, which lasted for the next sixty years
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه الهند (1964 - 1972) == United State Of America Policy Toward India (1964 - 1972)

Author name: حيدر عبد العالي جبر
Supervisor name: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف الخلق اجمعين محمد المصطفى واله الطيبين الطاهرين......اما بعد...فان دراسة السياسة الخارجية الاميركية تحظى باهمية كبيرة في التاريخ الدولي المعاصر؛ لان فهم تلك السياسة اصبح ضرورة ملحة؛ نظرا لكونها تشكل القطب | The study tries to study an important topic which is related to the international relation ,more specifically it is American - Indian relations. After Indian gained its independence in 1947, it endeavored to build her bases foreign policy to ensure its independence and to prevent itself from any external interference detrimental, especially after the beginning of the cold war between to main poles United States and Soviet Union.In that period the events an any place of the world had affected by this relation between tow poles in way or Another the cold war synchronized within India's independence, so it endeavored to keep its independence by following neutrality policy. Then talk about the thesis of American - Indian relations in the era of President Nixon and Johnson during the period 1964 - 1972oukd Tenth three ministers and heads of Indians are Jawaharlal Nehru، Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi varied according to the United Alaqtbalolayat international circumstances and the problems faced by India.The study divided the five chapters and an introduction and a conclusion, with supplements, and the first chapter titled stages of the American political evolution, and was divided into two sections presidents first dealt with the concept of foreign policy of the United States to recognize the historical context of the concept, while the second section focused on the mechanisms American political decision - making. As for the second chapter, which came titled US policy toward India 1947 - 1964 he served as an introductory chapter indispensable gives a clear and focused on US policy for the period that preceded the duration of the study image, has been divided into four topics Head first section dealt with the strategic importance of India for US policy, while highlighted the second section highlights the Indian - American political relations, has been highlighted and adequately on the nature of those relationships during the Eisenhower and Kennedy, while singled out the third section of the policy of the United States economic toward India, and in this study were addressed this aspect something detail; to understand its importance in American policy tools. The fourth section, which dealt with the position of the United States towards the Indian foreign conflicts, this section included three axes Axis I touched on US policy toward India - Pakistan conflict over Kashmir state, indicating the most prominent positions Washington from that conflict and the other Axis Turning to the US position on the Sino - Indian war in 1962, which saw the US support and clear the Indian side and the third axis focused on the United States 'position in the Indian conflict - Portuguese on "Goa" region (Goa) 1961, highlighting the United States' position from that conflict and its reflection on the US - India relations. While the Third chapter focused on political Johnson to internal developments in India 1964 - 1968 This chapter section on the three sections Head as eating the first part, the Johnson administration's position on the pay Shastri - Andrigandhi prime minister of India, and in this section the focus was to see the position of Washington political changes after the death of Nehru, and how to deal with these variables, while the second section focused on Johnson's policy toward Indian food crisis of 1965 - 1967, and finally focused on the position of the third section of the Johnson administration to developments in the Indian nuclear file 1964 - 1968. While highlighted in the fourth chapter on the attitudes of mutual countries towards key issues such as the Indian armament issues that separated in the first section of this chapter, and devoted the second topic to talk about the Indian position on the Vietnam issue and its impact on their relationship with the United States, while the third section focused on US position from the second Kashmir war in 1965. The final chapter has focused on Nixon's policy towards India 1969 - 1972 has been divided into four first Investigation eat the nature of American - Indian relations during the period above, while the second topic of Indian - Soviet relations and their impact on US relations, and the third on the Nixon administration's position on the repercussions Bengali crisis and, finally, the fourth section focused on the US position of the outbreak of the 1971 India - Pakistan war.The study was based on a number of diverse sources, which published documents formed the basic source material for scientific material, these documents have supported the basic references, by people who were directly related to the events.Finally, I hope that I have been successful in my modest knowledge of the extent commensurate with the subject of the study, and it may be that I have been able to prepare an academic study draws in that period of American policy toward India landmarks.
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العثمانية : دراسة تاريخية في الاتجاهات السياسية والميول الفكرية حتى سنة 60هـ

Author name: عبد المنعم عبد الجبار علي جعفر
Supervisor name: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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النبي ابراهيم الخليل (عليه السلام) في القران الكريم : دراسة تاريخية == The Prophet Abraham In The Holy Koran

Author name: حيدر حسين حمزة سلمان الشريفي
Supervisor name: علي صالح رسن المحمداوي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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Abstract: There is no doubt that Koran is one of the historical sources whereas every thing mentioned is true no thing but true. therefore , we have based on the Koranic texts to study the character of the prophet (Abraham) (God's blessing and peace be upon him). The study included four chapters : - In the first chapter , we have studied the prophet (Abraham) father's name , whether it is Azir or Tarih ? we proved that all the prophets' fathers (God's blessing and peace be upon them) were monotheists , no one of them was a polytheist , also we clarified that " Abuladhiayf " and " Abualbusharatain" are two of his epithets.In the second chapter , we have mentioned his many attributes , whereas he might be the prophet who holds the most attributes , who was afflicted by God in many issues , the preferred friend of his God , the groaned who feared his God in all conditions , the patient who handled the difficult issues with patience , the repentant who invoked God a lot , the good example to other prophets , the veracious not the liar as what was declared that "he lied three times " ? , the sincere and the loyal to his God who was very hospitable to his guests and the prayer who was praying a lot. He was calling people to worship God by performing prayers and asking God to keep him away from idols worshipping and sedition , make people hearts take the side of his progeny and asked God the repentance for him and his parents.We have proved the incorrectness of some of what was attributed to him such as (fear , apprehension and devoutness) by stating that he was sent by God and that intended fear is in the human self and exists in every human being.In the third chapter , we have stated that the prophet (Abraham) was in a good social standing otherwise , how could he married two wives , one lived in Kan'an and the other lived in Mecca. In the fourth chapter , we have stated that the year of his death wasn’t mentioned in the holy Koran but there was a mentioning in the Koran refers to the prophet's (Abraham) will for his sons and grandsons to keep believing in the religion of fathers and forefathers which is religion of Islamic. The second chapter : the progeny of the prophet Abraham We have discussed the subjects of the progeny , its definition and the Koranic verses which stated the concept of progeny , thus , we have divided progeny into two types : good and bad The good progeny are the prophets , sons of Abraham such as Isaac , Esau , Jacob , Josef , Moses , Jesus , Elia , Eliash , Lot and Mohammed (God may bless them ).While the Koranic expositors mentioned no names of the bad progeny and what we have found "transgressors who make mischief and act wickedly on the earth " only. In the view of the fact that the wife is the base for the progeny , therefore we studied Sara 4 and we stated that some of her attributes are performing prayers , giving birth after menopause and also we stated how she buffeted her face after knowing that she was pregnant. Hajir , was the woman whom the prophet Abraham brought her to Mecca to build the Kaaba and perform prayers , therefore she wasn’t the bondwoman as described by the weak - minded who don’t follow proof. By Koranic evidential verses , we have stated many times that his sons are Isaac (the sacrificed - who was about to be slaughtered by his father Abraham as a sacrifice to God) , prophet Esau ( the promising in science ) and Jacob was the grandson of Abraham , thereupon his will of Islam was for them. Furthermore , we mentioned the subject of the descendants of prophet Jacob because they are the progeny (descendants) of Abraham and their father is prophet Jacob.Moreover , we have clarified the concept of descendants , progeny (followers) and the Shiites from his posterity and we stated that they were the Muslims who followed and imitated him and his way of worship , and the worthiest person who has the right to inherit prophet Abraham is prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny).The third chapter : - Faith of Abraham's father and his people.In this chapter , we studied the subject of Abraham's father's faith , we stated how he argued with his father about his peoples' idols , describing these idols and asking God's forgiveness to his father for not abandoning his people's idols.Also , we referred to proofs refers that the prophet Abraham's father was a believer basing on what were mentioned in the Koranic texts , and we mentioned that all the prophets' fathers are virtuous and purified and not disbelievers.In the subject of his peoples' faith , we mentioned the kinds of deities they had such as idols , images and gods , moreover , we described these deities , their inability to speak where they can't talk , hear , see , help and harm. At the end of his mission , the prophet started to dispute them , when he found that they would not understand him , he destroyed their idols to let them see the fact that their idols are incapable even to defend their selves , consequently they build a high building , piled up wood and burnt him but the God's almighty saved him. The fourth chapter : - prophet Abraham's faith In this chapter , we proved with evidences that he was a Muslim and was believing in God (Allah) , doomsday and Day of Resurrection. then we stated the meaning of uprightness (Hanafiah ) and upright ( Hanafi) , we said that it’s the religion of Abraham which is ( worshiping Allah , staying away and abandoning polytheism , and he is innocent from being a Jew (on the religion of Judaism ) or a Christian (on the religion of Christianity) but he is a Muslim (on the religion of Islam ) Moreover , we stated that the uprights are the people who abandoned their people's belief , idols worship , eat dead animals and submit sacrifice for idols , warn people not to kill the female infants , who said that we worship the God of Abraham and started to dishonor their people for not worshiping God. In addition to that , we clarified that there was a connection between all religions and we said that the prophet Mohammed (God may bless him and his progeny) was on the religion of Abraham.We mentioned in this chapter that he is the obedient slave to Allah , he immigrated by the order of God to the blessing land - Mecca - and his worship to Allah is a worship by nature.We mentioned that he is the disputer prophet who defended prophet Lot and his people , he was described as the prophet whom God sent down books to him and we mentioned what were cited in these books from verses , parables and wisdoms and we stated that it is a self - purification from doubts by performing worships. Further more , we indicated to the prayer , we said that it is the base in all religions and this religious duty was performed by the prophet according to what was mentioned in Koran and Torah. While the Imamate of the prophet was the last thing sent down by Allah to Abraham after praying and invoking Allah. Because of its importance , we said that the prophet wasn’t content with Imamate for himself but he asked it for his progeny and he was the first prophet who held this basic element (Imamate).In the end of this study , we revealed the more illustrated results which are : his father wasn’t a disbeliever but a believer , he is the most attributed prophet in the holly Koran , he was asking a lot God's forgiveness to his father , he disputed with his people about their idols revealing to them that they hear , see , harm and help nothing.He was the first prophet who destroyed his people idols and his religion was Islam
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميريكية تجاه القضية الالمانية 1969 - 1974 في ضوء الوثائق الاميريكية == The Policy Of United States Of America Towards The German Question (1969 - 1974) (In Terms The American Documents)

Author name: عبادي احمد عبادي
Supervisor name: كاظم باقر علي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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Abstract: The Present dissertation aims at studying the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969 - 1974 , and knowing the causes and the affections that made it to adopt this policy. It presents the affections of the United States policy in the political statement in Germany, especially the development of the political relations with the Federal Germany because of the American Administration disagreement to consider the Democratic Germany as an independent state. United States of America refused to establish a diplomatic relations with Democratic Germany. The present study illustrates that United States of America has diplomatic relations with the Federal Germany only. It sheds light on the policy of some other countries towards the German question,especially the Soviet Union. The American Policy towards the German question cannot be understood and followed unless the policy of the other countries should be dealt with since the policy of these countries affects, and it is affected with such a matter is resulted from the interrelation among the political and historical events in this respect. Some questions concerning the topic have been asked and the researcher tries to answer this questions.The study starts with 1969 which is the beginning of Nixon’s presidency in United States of America and Brandt as the Chancellor of Federal Germany.Their are began as a (( New Era )) in the political relationships between the East and the West that based on the cooperation instead of being so strict in order to find a score solution to the important political questions like the German question. In addition to this, they adopted such policy to decrease the tension and to support the security and peace in Europe. 1974 Comes as the end of the present study with the end of the Nixon’s and Brandt’s Presidency.The dissertation consists of an introduction , four Chapters, conclusions and appendances. The First chapter is considered as an introduction to the topic in order to know the historical origins of the American policy towards the German question throughout the historical development of this policy and it’s affections in the development of the political and the economic situations in Germany and the relationship with the Great States, especially the relationship with the Soviet Union and the Countries that have legitimacy to rule Germany as Occupation forces. It is the matter that initiates for the competition between the two forces concerning the power in territories in Europe generally and in Germany particularly, According to the competition between United States of America and the Soviet Union, The Cold War break out. The Cold War that happened caused the division of Germany into two countries and crystallized the establishment of the Federal Germany 1949. The Federal Germany has been rearmed and accepted to be a member in NATO in 1955. United States did so in order to prevent the Russian leverage in Western Europe. It can be also considered as an advanced centre to defend the American interests in this region. the Soviet Union established the Democratic Germany in 1949 Which has been rearmed and accepted as a member in Warsaw Pact in 1955. The Chapter concentrated on the American policy towards Berlin Crisis in 1958 and it’s results in constricting Berlin Wall in 1961. The Chapter dealt with all the reasons behind the failure reunifying Germany. The Chapter dealt with the causes and the variables that made United States of America re - estimating it’s policy towards the Soviet Union after Berlin Crisis. And the influence of the American policy on the policy of the Federal Germany before the presidency of Nixon. The second Chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1969. It explains the influence of Nixon’s presidency in the diplomatic relations towards the Soviet Union and is reflections on the German question. The researcher, In this chapter, focuses on the reasons and motivations that made Nixon adapting such a policy and implementing it towards the Soviet Union. The chapter dealt with the policy of United States towards the second Crisis of Berlin in 1969 and the initiation ofthe diplomatic interaction between Nixon and the Soviet Leaders in order to reach at a suitable solution concerning the political questions that disturb both sides. The chapter dealt with the election of the Parliament in Federal Germany.The results of election Brandt’s success to be Chancellor. Brandt declares that he will adopt the policy of Ostpolitik with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe in order to establish the bridge of trust and communication and to find a peaceful settlement for the German question and to end the tension and to support security in Europe. The chapter illustrated the reasons and the strategic targets that made Federal Germany adopting the policy of Ostpolitik with the East. The chapter focused on the American position towards the declaration of the policy of Ostpolitik which made United States feels anxious about it’s interests because of the policy of Federal Germany. In the same time, the chapter explains the causes that made United States supporting the Ostpolitikwith the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe countries. The chapter dealt with the positions of the other big notions toward the Ostpolitik in order to understand the American position as a result to the influence of these positions in the German question.The Third chapter explains the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1970 - 1971. The chapter dealt with negotiations between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland and the Democratic Germany and The American Position towards it. However the American Position is characterized with supporting the negotiations. The chapter focused on the American position towards the “Agreement of Moscow” between the Federal Germany and the Soviet Union in the 12th of August 1970 and the “Agreement of Warsaw” between the Federal Germany and Poland in the 7th of December 1970, concerning the refreshment of the political relationships and the recognition of the border lines at that time. These two agreements are considered as turning points in the history of policy between the east and the west of Europe. Accordingly, United States re - estimated it’s diplomacy to suite the new conditions in the constriction of the political relationships with European Countries especially with its main ally, Federal Germany. This matter is embodied with the issue of a group of principles to guide the policy from the American interests in Europe and Federal Germany. The chapter dealt with the negotiations among the Four Power States in order to improve the conditions inWestern Berlin with reference to the exchange of drafts in this concern between the United States and Soviet Union and the role of Federal Germany in compromising between them. As a result, the Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin was a signed in the 3rd of September 1971 concerning Western Berlin. This agreement smoothed the way in front of establishing diplomatic relations and removing the obstructions between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany, so the agreement between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany was signed in the 17th of December 1971. The last chapter focused on the policy of United States of America towards the German Question 1971 - 1974. It emphasized on the American policy towards the relationships between the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany and the certification on the agreement of Moscow and Warsaw respectively in the Bundstag. United States exploited the attitude of the Soviet Union in the certification of the agreements to end the military aggravation in southern - east of Asia especially stop fighting in Vietnam. The chapter dealt with the role of United States and the Soviet Union in encouraging both the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany to finish their negotiations to reach at signing the basic agreement in the 21st of December 1972. This agreement recommends that both countries should normalized the political relationships between each other. The Four Power States issued (( the Four Power Declaration)) in 1972 which emphasized the upholding of including the Federal Germany and the Democratic Germany in United Nations. This prepared the floor to accept them as equal members in United Nations in the 18th of September 1973. This step is followed by the diplomatic representation between the two countries in the 14th of March 1974. The Federal Germany established diplomatic relationships with all countries in the East of Europe including Czechoslovak throng the signing of a agreement of Prague in the 8th of December 1973. The chapter contains the reasons behind Nixon’s and Brandt’s resignation in 1974.
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روايات اهل الكتاب للسيرة النبوية (حتى عهد البعثة) == Tales Of Book People Of Prophetical Biography Till Age Of Mission

Author name: مخلد ذياب فيصل الجبر
Supervisor name: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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نور الدين الحلبي : دراسة تحليلية في كتابه انسان العيون في سيرة الامين المامون == Noor Al - Dean Al - Halabi And His Book "Insan Al - Oyon Fi Searat Al - Amean Al - Ma'Moon

Author name: دنيا عبد علي الشمري
Supervisor name: علـي غانم جثير
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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ايران في عهد الشاه سلطان حسين (1694 - 1722م) == Iran In The Period Of Shah Sultan Hussein,S Reign ( 1694 - 1722 A. D.)

Author name: نهلة نعيم عبد العالي ال بطي
Supervisor name: سميرة عبد الرزاق عبد الله العاني
General topic: History
Specific topic: Modern and Contemporary History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Safavid state was formed of Turkumans Toides which known as Aelkezlba and inspite of the hard mysterious situations and accomapanying events that the state came through include the intermittent conflicts with the nighabours states such as oHomanic state which the main reason of conflect between them was the secaterian difference.but the safavid state had kept it,s power somehow specifically in age of first shah - Abas.but after while the state started to fall apart gradually by the age of first shah - Abas. During this time safavid state had seen social and economic problems led it goes down gradually,all this problems due to the first Abas shah because deliberately he killed princes of Safavid fimily ,this scene has been reflected on the desting of de Safavid state and it,s policy later on. When shah safi took the throne he has followed abloody policies later on had created lots of problems and had lost many lands used to be important and strategic for Safavid state. The second factor was the administrative system dispite the different foundations of Safavid,s state it has los it,s efficiency in performance as well as the rulers started. chacing to reach jobs and Salaries ,since the shah was spineless and driven as well as surround by foreign consoltants who did not give him the opportunity to choose snitable cadres to ful fill management positions dep on the former corruptor officers though. The only trouble that been faced by Safavid state was rip.and rivalry between officials,chairmen and rulers though its been clear that these factors drove the state to fall apart soon , as well as they became tax collectors. During the previous factors, arich class had been fromd and negatively affected the society, conflects it was not expected in these situations , to make workhose case for the foundations of safavid state.because these foundations have closed the Gates Upon all people , and became open just for people of benefits.That’s why management, jobs have been baugh, soch as well as money and fortune have always been inhirited infact its due to internal System instability which let the military foundation to be week and powerless after it was the core of Safavid,s state to face all conflects,s parts first Sha - Abas has formed military forces aims to find alteratives for the ancient foundation which has been ruled by Ael kezlbah to make it weak not to cancel It ,as well as this army was completely different than previous ones, Aftermath, Gorgies have poped up and showed these nations later on after weakness of loiality creed for shah and the state. According to this the foundation of religion has faced many changes.and replacements.with in the last years of safavids.Government, as well as religion,s entTiy was correlated to the political and Social situating to circuamstances, Though by this way the destiny of safavids state and its collapse have been the main reason religion entcty collapas. According to this we can figureout the factors of weakness which the safavids state had faced after long age of power either these factors wer characterized in the recipes of shah , leaders or curriculum.Though , Its been clear that the factors of weakness are more specially the character of shah.because shah wasn,t pwerfull authority and able to rule the state with specifications thate.in d time full of events ,conspiracies and internal revolutions, as well as since economic situations.which affected the social and political status, which the outcomes and resources - of commerce became so weak and few.Way the total responsibility of state collapse can not be on the head of shah sultan Husain.because in contrast between his age and ages before him we can find that.who social and conomic problems that state has faced belong to, ruled before him specially, shah suliman , as well as the chargcs against shah sultan Husain have been proved in this study ,that.The main reason of disintergration that happened to the community due to the shah first Abas who delebarately killd the princes of safavids family.
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المراة في كتاب الاصابة في تمييز الصحابة لابن حجر العسقلاني (ت : 852هـ/1448م) : دراسة تاريخية == Women In The Book Of Al - Esaba By Ibn Hajar Al - Asqlaani (D. 852 A.H./1448 AD) A Historical Study

Author name: نهاد نعمة مجيد الشمري
Supervisor name: وئام عدنان عباس النعيمي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: The book of (Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) is considered as one of the most important writings in the study of the life of the companions. Women have also had their own share of attention in the writings of Ibn hajar Al - Asqlaani (D. 852 A.H./1448 AD). He tackled the biographies of women in some details. Throughout our observation of the biographies of women, we found that Ibn hajar has traced the life of women from birth until death, and all that is related to the religious, political, cultural and economic life. To him, the favor belongs in knowing the names of the culture of female companions in all the provinces of Islamic world through knowing their names, brothers, relatives etc. Choosing the topic is undertaken where women in all sphere of life in the first and second centuries AH. The necessary require dividing the thesis into a Preface and four chapters. The preface is a brief account of the age of Ibn Hajar Al - Asqalani and the statement of his political, economic, social and cultural status for knowing the effect of his historical writing. Chapter One is the scientific and academic biography of the author and divided into two inquiries. First we stated his biography, name, surname, birth, family and bringing up until death. The second inquiry tackles the scientific life of the author from the beginning of his acquisition which includes his tutors (Sheiyukh), his travels inside and outside Egypt, his travel to the Levant, Yemen and other regions. The inquiry also tackles his functions and scientific efforts. Chapter Two includes three inquiry : the first inquiry studies the book of(Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) and stating the importance and the value of the book. The second inquiry is devoted to the outline of the book which includes the style of Ibn Hajar in his book like references, repetition. Chapter Three studies the sources of Ibn Hajar which is divided into two inquiries. The first inquiry tackles the quotation from the source, and the second inquiry studies the sources of different religious sciences and historical writings. Chapter Four sheds the light on the public life ion four inquiries. The first inquiry concentrates on the missionary and jihadist role of women, the second inquiry on the scientific activity, the third on the economic role of women and the fourth is concentrates on the social and living of women like traditions of marriage, engagement, child rearing, etc. The study comes up to the following findings : 1. Ibn hajar Al - Asqlaani comprehended all the writings of his age. 2. Islam has cared for women and encouraged it to learn and consecrated for them many rules.3. He marked out the role of women in all aspects of life.4. The book of (Al - Esaba fi Tameez Al - Sahaba) has done a great favor for the students of the biographies of the companions in the 1st century. 5. Our Islamic history is still in need for studies of the hidden treasures.
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موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

Author name: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
Supervisor name: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
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Abstract: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
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النساء في كتاب الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد (ت230هـ/844م) : دراسة تحليلية == The Women In The Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa By Ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC) Analytical Study

Author name: جلاء عبد الكريم خليفة
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
General topic: History
Specific topic: Islamic History
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Education For Girls - Department Of History
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by the author Ibn Saad (D. 230 A.H/844 AC) is one of the pride of Muslims which was composed the early movement which was in the process of authorship of the Islamic Arabic history (themes). What increases the importance of this book is the author’s (Mohammed ben Saad 230 AH/844 AC)ability to collect data and referring them to their source. The author cared for women to a great extent and detailed their lives and revealed all the aspects of their scientific, social and economic lives in addition the political and miliarty aspects. He consecrated a section entitled “Tabaqaat Al - Nissa.” The above has motivated to study of women which is regarded as the oldest documentation from the heritage. The necessity required to divide the study into three sections which include many chapters. It includes an introduction and a conclusion and a list and modern references. The first section : tackles the methodology of Ibn Saad (230/844 AC) ad his resources in tabaqaat books includes four chapters : Chapter one is a concentrated in the age of Ibn Saad in many aspects which characterize the Abbasid Caliphate during the period in which Ibn Saad had lived. Chapter Two includes two inquiries; the first is about the biography of the authors his name, nickname and surname and then birth and features and finally his death. While second is concerned with his scientific vitae starting from his travels seeking knowledge and his sheikhs and disciples and finally his writings. Chapter Three tackles the methodology of ibn Saad and resources in Tabaqaat Al - Kubra. Chapter Four tackles the methodology of ibn Saad in tabaqaat Al - Nisaa in five inquiries : the first inquiry tackles the basis of arrangement of Tabaqaat Al - Nisaa, the second tackles the scientific vitae of the women, the third tackles the methodology features of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa and the fifth tackles the sources of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa. The second section is devoted to the study of the women’s efforts in the book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubra in five chapters : the first chapter is devoted to the study of the sources of women culture in the era of mission; while the direct the narration of prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the third tackles the narrations about the prophet (PBUH) and other women and men in that age. Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of women in the service of historical narrations.The Third Section is a detailed study of the lives of women in general in Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa including three chapters; the first includes a comprehensive study if the social life of women. The second includes a study of the role of women in the call of Allah and the projection of religious, and the third chapter tackles themiliatry and political role of women through the following themes : the political attitudes of women and the proximateness of women to men in the attacks and wars.The study entitled “The Women in the tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC)” comes up to many findings such as : 1 - The book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubraais considered as a huge encyclopedia that includes the various aspects of life whethercultural, intellectual, social and economic and constructional.2 - The study gives an analytical perspective of the high ability of ibn Saad to criticize the texts concerning each character and employing them in the biography study. The biography appears complete from birth to death. 3 - The study showed the ability of Ibn Saad to understand the movement of Islamic history starting from the prophetic era for two centuries. 4 - The study proved the diligence of women to get knowledge of religion from their original sources.5 - Women were characterized form men in the era of mission in a high degree of accuracy and scientific honesty in the conveyance of the hadiths and the honorable prophet tradition in addition to being trustworthy in their narrations about the prophet (Peace be upon him). 6 - The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa has rendered a sublime service to the science of hadith and Sunna through the exposure of in addition to what Ibn Saad had added. Thus, the structure of the hadith has become complete. 7 - The study showed through the text which was mentioned by Ibn Saad in the era of mission the status of women and their features like honesty, integrity, bravery and frugality.In the end I wish I have been successful in conveying a clear picture about women in all the aspects of their cultural, scientific, social and economic and political lives according to the narrations of Ibn Saad that express his wide knowledge and his methodology and style.
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