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اقتراح خوارزمية هجينة للتشفير الكتلي == Proposed Hybrid Block Cipher Algorithm

Author name: احسان احمد محمد لهمود
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم عكلة عبادي
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: يعتبر التشفير من المجالات الجيدة في الوقت الحالي كما نعلم ان الامن شرط اساسي لاي عمل ومن اجل ذلك نحن بحاجة الى خوارزمية قوية جدا وغير قابلة للكسر لتوفير اجراءات امنية مشددة.لذلك نحن نحتاج الى خوارزمية للتشفير وفك التشفير لتوفير امنية عالية جدا وانتاجية جيدة جدا. اذا نظرنا الى العالم الحقيقي، هناك الكثير من المنظمات التي لديها قاعدة بيانات كبيرة جدا مع اجراءات امنية مشددة. وفقا للقلق الامني، تعمل بعض خوارزميات التشفير وفك التشفير لحماية المعلومات السرية مثل DES و3DES وAES وBlowfish.تم اقتراح وتصميم خوارزمية هجينة لتشفير كتلة او لفك تشفيرها مكونة من 256 بت باستخدام مفتاح بطول 288 بت. يتم تحويل كتله بطول 32 - حرف من النص الواضح او النص المشفر الى 256 بت. يتم جدولة المفتاح السري لكي يم تطبيقه في عملية التشفير وفك التشفير. يتم اخضاع كتلة النص الواضح الى عملية التقلب الاولية، وفي نهاية التشفير يتم اخضاع النص المشفر الى التقليب النهائي. تم تصميم الخوارزمية المقترحة للدمج بين اثنين من الخوارزميات (على اساس فيستيل وغير فيستيل).استخدمت في هذه الاطروحة بعض من معاير التشفير الكتلي مثل الانتاجية لتوليد كتلة مشفرة حيث حققت انتاجية الخوارزمية المقترحة قيمة 27.240 كيلوبت في الثانية. اما بالنسبة لهجمات القوة الغاشمة حيث تحتاج 1079 X 1.57سنة اذا تم تطبيقها لمهاجمة مفتاح الخوارزمية ، حققت الخوارزمية المقترحة نسبة اكثرمن ٥٠% ضمن معيار SAC حيث كانت النسبة (٥١.١٧%) وكذلك بالنسبة لمعيار BIC حيث حققت نسبة (٥٣.١٢%). تم تنفيذ الخوارزمية المقترحة باستخدام لغة البرمجة (Microsoft Visual Basic.Net 2008) وعلى حاسوب ذو مواصفات (Windows 10 pro, processor : Intel(R) core (TM) i7 - 3612QM CPU @ 2.10GHz, RAM 6.00 GB, and system type : 64 - bit operating system). | The Cryptography is very good area for research now a days. As we know that security is very primary requirement for the any business. And we need very strong and unbreakable algorithm which provides high security. We need encryption and decryption algorithm which is having very high security with very good throughput. If we look at the real world, lots of organizations are having very large database with high security. Some encryption and decryption algorithms are working behind confidential information like DES, 3DES, AES and Blowfish.A proposed hybrid algorithm designed to encrypt or decrypt block of a message that consisting of 256 - bit with control of a 288 - bit as a key length. The blocks constructed by converting a 32 - charecter block of plaintext or ciphertext into 256 - bit. The secret key is scheduled to be applied to encrypt and decrypt. Plaintext block will be subjected to an initial permutation IP, and final permutation. The proposed algorithm designed in a fashion which belongs on two algorithms (based on Feistel and Non - Feistel). In this dissertation, some components used like throughput of generate encryption block. It has achieved as 27.240 Kbps. Based on brute force attacks may be applied on this algorithm where it needs 1.57x1079 years to attack the applied key, the security is provided in this algorithm achieved results more than 50% within criteria of SAC is (51.17%) and BIC is (53.12%). The proposed algorithm were implemented using the programming language (Microsoft Visual Basic.Net 2008) within computer information of (Windows 10 pro, processor : Intel(R) core (TM) i7 - 3612QM CPU @ 2.10GHz, RAM 6.00 GB, and system type : 64 - bit operating system)

تقييم الية الثقة في شبكات المركبات == Evaluation of Trust Mechanism for VANETs

Author name: حوراء عادل نوري
Supervisor name: ستار بدر سدخان المالكي
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تدعم شبكة المركبات العديد من التطبيقات التجارية كانظمة النقل الذكية (ITS)، ولكن كان الدافع الاساسي وراء هذه الشبكات هو سلامة اتصالات الطريق الذي تعتمد فيه كل مركبة على الرسائل المرسلة لها من قبل نظائرها من المركبات الاخرى والتي قد تكون ضارة. ان الطبيعة المتغيرة والديناميكية لطبولوجيا الشبكة يجعل بامكان اي مركبة مغادرة الشبكة والانضمام اليها في اي وقت سواء كانت هذه المركبات موثوق بها ام لا. لذا يجب ان تتمكن كل مركبة من تقييم المعلومات الواردة لها من المركبات الاخرى واتخاذ القرارات بشانها والاستجابة لتلك المعلومات. عليه فبدون انشاء اليه مناسبة لادارة الثقة فان الاتصالات في هذه الشبكات قد تكون عرضه للتهديد الامني، حيث توجب الانظمة الامنية ان ياتي الارسال من مصدر موثوق لذا فان الثقة والامن مفهومان مترابطان لا يمكن عزلهما.لم يتحقق حتى الان تطوير نماذج امنة تماما لهذه الشبكات، لذا يهدف مجال البحث الجيد الى استثمار معظم الطرق السابقة في المؤلفات للبحث عن اطار عام لوضع اساس متين لتطوير الية احتساب السمعة والموثوقية في شبكات المركبات. يدعم هذا العمل امن شبكات المركبات من خلال استخدام تقنية الخوارزمية الجينية بالاضافة لنظرية اللعبة لتطوير الية ثقة متعددة الخصائص. | VANET support many commercial applications such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), but the original motivation behind it was safety of road communications where each vehicle has to rely on messages sent out by peer vehicles, which might be malicious. The dynamic changing nature of network topology makes any vehicle to leave and join the network at any point of time whether these vehicles were trusted or untrusted. Therefore, each vehicle must be able to assess, make decisions and respond to information received from other vehicles. So without having a proper mechanism for trust management, communication in VANET might be prone to security threat. Security systems impose that the transmission come from a trusted source, so trust and security are two interdependent concepts that there cannot be segregated.The development of fully secure schemes for these networks has not been entirely achieved till now. So, a good research field aims to exploit most of the previous approaches in literatures looking for a general framework to put solid basis to the development of Distributed Trust and Reputation Mechanism for VANET. The work supports the security of VANET by using a genetic algorithm technique in addition with game theory to develop a multi - featured trust mechanism

طريقة تحليلية لانظمة التشفير الصوتي البايومتري == Analytical Approach of Biometric Based Voice Encryption System

Author name: علي كاظم مطر
Supervisor name: ستار بدر سدخان المالكي | بهيجة خضر شكر
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: There is no absolute security for important systems can ever get because attackers have always the ability to broke and attack them through their disadvantages. These days, biometrics is used to raise protection rate compared with the traditional methods. Authentication systems and cryptosystems are some of the important aspects of the practical life that use biometrics. The biometric voice is one of these traits that can build suitable secure systems according to the varying in the biometric voice.In this dissertation, two proposed analyzers were introduced to analyze Authentication system of biometric voice and the encryption process of the cryptosystems. The Authentication analyzer was used Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) to stimulate effect of background/ transmission channel noise, and analyze the behaviors of the authentication system using FAR and FRR biometric performance measures.Performing proposed Authentication analyzer found degradation in the accuracy about (9.6% to 19.2%) in Splashdata database, about (1.9% to 5.7%) in Texas Instrument of Massachusetts Institute and Technology (TIMIT) database, and 0% in Texas Instruments - Digits (TIDIGITS) database of all selected members cannot be rejected illegally even when AWGN was reached 20 dB. SNR. Also, performing proposed Authentication analyzer found that the highest security degradation was about 0.05769 in Splashdata database, 0.01923 in TIMIT database and 0.05769 in TIDIGITS database of all selected members even when AWGN was reached 20 dB. SNR.The second proposed analyzer (Encryption analyzer) was also tested on the same databases to analyze them according to three randomness tests from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) packages (pre - encryption phase), then these databases were also tested using Cross - correlation and Chi tests (post - encryption phase). These two phases produced two results by implementing two Mamdani fuzzifiers to get the certainty of each result. The final output of proposed Encryption analyzer was produced by merging the two previous Mamdani fuzzifiers in another final Mamdani fuzzifier.The performance of the Encryption analyzer was proved by classifying good/bad Keystream using the (post - encryption tests) and also with the comparison of the average value of other different 5 randomness tests from NIST.Finally, the ANFIS structure was used to generalize the hidden relationships that trained from the three randomness tests (pre - encryption process). The generalization process made ANFIS having the ability to predict the values of unseen (untrained) patterns. ANFIS results were promising results according to the proposed Encryption analyzer.Chapter

استخدام تقنية الحساب المرن لتقييم RSA وAES == Soft Computing Technique to Evaluate RSA and AES

Author name: فرقد حامد عبد الرحیم
Supervisor name: ستار بدر سدخان المالكي
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Security evaluation algorithms can be considered as one of the most important challenges in computer networks. This is because of the growing data sharing among all clients (users). Therefore, the security level evaluation aspect of cryptography systems is recently appeared to be very important.In this work, evaluations of (RSA and AES) encryption methods are carried out by using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Adaptive Neuro - Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The editor of MATLAB (2013) is employed in this study and it contains a hybrid ANFIS facility between the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic techniques.First of all, designing and programming software codes for the first encryption method (RSA) have been simulated according to its original algorithm. Consequently, executing the RSA algorithm to collect the data values is implemented for the following parameters (message length, execution time, length of key and cipher message entropy). These parameters have been considered in the proposed approaches. So, the RSA data is used as the bases of the FIS inputs. Then, all the training and testing data values have been collected from the proposed FIS and prepared to be used in the next step (the ANFIS). The number of training samples has been selected to be 100 values by executing special software programs. These values have been utilized as follows : opening the ANFIS editor; loading the training data; determining the main ANFIS parameters and training the data with the least error tolerance. Subsequently, the number of testing samples has been chosen to be also 100 values by implementing special software programs. Hence, the evaluations are observed and the characteristics of the ANFIS which attained the best tested results have been benchmarked. Similar steps to evaluate the RSA by using large key numbers are implemented except of utilizing the parameter (key length) to study the influence of the key value on security evaluations. The proposed FISSecurity evaluation algorithms can be considered as one of the most important challenges in computer networks. This is because of the growing data sharing among all clients (users). Therefore, the security level evaluation aspect of cryptography systems is recently appeared to be very important.In this work, evaluations of (RSA and AES) encryption methods are carried out by using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Adaptive Neuro - Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The editor of MATLAB (2013) is employed in this study and it contains a hybrid ANFIS facility between the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic techniques.First of all, designing and programming software codes for the first encryption method (RSA) have been simulated according to its original algorithm. Consequently, executing the RSA algorithm to collect the data values is implemented for the following parameters (message length, execution time, length of key and cipher message entropy). These parameters have been considered in the proposed approaches. So, the RSA data is used as the bases of the FIS inputs. Then, all the training and testing data values have been collected from the proposed FIS and prepared to be used in the next step (the ANFIS). The number of training samples has been selected to be 100 values by executing special software programs. These values have been utilized as follows : opening the ANFIS editor; loading the training data; determining the main ANFIS parameters and training the data with the least error tolerance. Subsequently, the number of testing samples has been chosen to be also 100 values by implementing special software programs. Hence, the evaluations are observed and the characteristics of the ANFIS which attained the best tested results have been benchmarked. Similar steps to evaluate the RSA by using large key numbers are implemented except of utilizing the parameter (key length) to study the influence of the key value on security evaluations. The proposed FISSecurity evaluation algorithms can be considered as one of the most important challenges in computer networks. This is because of the growing data sharing among all clients (users). Therefore, the security level evaluation aspect of cryptography systems is recently appeared to be very important.In this work, evaluations of (RSA and AES) encryption methods are carried out by using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Adaptive Neuro - Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The editor of MATLAB (2013) is employed in this study and it contains a hybrid ANFIS facility between the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic techniques.First of all, designing and programming software codes for the first encryption method (RSA) have been simulated according to its original algorithm. Consequently, executing the RSA algorithm to collect the data values is implemented for the following parameters (message length, execution time, length of key and cipher message entropy). These parameters have been considered in the proposed approaches. So, the RSA data is used as the bases of the FIS inputs. Then, all the training and testing data values have been collected from the proposed FIS and prepared to be used in the next step (the ANFIS). The number of training samples has been selected to be 100 values by executing special software programs. These values have been utilized as follows : opening the ANFIS editor; loading the training data; determining the main ANFIS parameters and training the data with the least error tolerance. Subsequently, the number of testing samples has been chosen to be also 100 values by implementing special software programs. Hence, the evaluations are observed and the characteristics of the ANFIS which attained the best tested results have been benchmarked. Similar steps to evaluate the RSA by using large key numbers are implemented except of utilizing the parameter (key length) to study the influence of the key value on security evaluations. The proposed FISapproach confirmed that the RSA evaluation is successfully implemented to the ANFIS editor.All the previous steps are repeated for the AES encryption method except one difference. That is, the utilized parameters here are the (message length, execution time and cipher message entropy). Basically, two key values are determined for the AES, which equals to 128 bits. Likewise the RSA, the suggested procedures are applied to the AES and the proposed FIS approach confirmed that the AES evaluation is successfully implemented to the ANFIS editor.Finally, comparisons between this study and previous work, and between the RSA and AES are established. In addition, comparisons between the evaluated outcomes of the FIS and ANFIS have been investigated by using two statistical metrics.

عنقدة الصور اعتمادا على طريقة كسورية مطورة وتنقيب المخططات == Image Clustering Based on Developed Fractal Method and Graph Mining

Author name: فراس صبار مفتن
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تشير عنقدة الصور الى تقسيم الصور الى عدة مجاميع. حيث كل مجموعة تسمى عنقود حيث يحتوي على صور متشابه في الخصائص ولكنها مختلفة عن الصور في العناقيد الاخرى. يمكن تفسر الخصائص الشاملة كميزات احصائية على انها خاصية للصورة تشمل جميع وحدات البكسل المستخدمة لحساب التشابه بين الصور. استخدمت هذه الاطروحة الكسور كخصائص محلية لتمثيل الصورة تستند الى مناطق بارزة في حين تبقى ثابتة لتغير نقطة النظر والاضاءة. تعتبر الكسور شائعه لقدرتها على استخراج ميزة التشابه الذاتي. ولفترة طويلة، استخدم الباحثون الكسور لضغط الصورة. على مدى السنوات الاخيرة، تم تطبيقها في التنقيب على البيانات. لهذه الاطروحة هدفين رئيسيين : اولا لدراسة القدرة على استخراج خصائص التشابه الذاتي من الصور دون استخدام بعد الكسور والذي يعتبر حساس للضوضاء العددية او التجريبية ومقيد بكمية البيانات. وثانيا لبناء الرسم البياني على اساس الميزات المستخرجة وتطور خوارزمية تجميع بالاعتماد على الرسم البياني.وينقسم النظام المقترح الى مرحلتين، بناء مصفوفة التشابه بواسطة طريقة كسورية وخوارزمية تنقيب المخططات. تم تطبيق PIFSلاستخراج ميزات التشابه الذاتي من صورة واحدة فقط. ولكن في هذه الدراسة كيفت PIFS لاستخراج ميزات التشابه الذاتي من العديد من الصور. بسبب ان PIFS تستغرق وقتا طويلا، فقد تم تكييفها للعمل مع تقنيات المطابقة والتقليل، وايضا تم استخدام الدالة الهاش للحد من تعقيد الوقت. واستخدم النظام المقترح مصفوفة تشابه لبناء المخطط ووضع خوارزمية عنقدة شبكية تعتمد على خصائص كسورية التوصيل بين العقد التي تمثل صور.استخدمت عدة بيانات لاختبار النظام المقترح. ولان النظام ينقسم الى مرحلتين، الاولى بناء مصفوفة التشابه والثانية هي خوارزمية تجميع الرسم البياني. لذلك، تم اختبار كل مرحلة بشكل منفصل. في الاول، يتم اختبار بناء مصفوفة التشابه (الميزات المستخرجة) مع خوارزمبة K - means لمعرفة صحة الميزات المستخرجة.وتم اقتراح طرائق لتقليل وقت التنفيذ ومقارنتها مع الطرائق التقليدية. وخفضت دالة الهاش التعقيد من O(m×n) الى O(m log⁡n) بينما قللت المطابقة والتقليل التعقيد الى O(m×n/t) حيث t عدد دوال المطابقة.اما طريقة التجميع البيانية المقترحة تم اختبار صحتها باستخدام البيانات الحقيقية واستخدمت المقاييس النمطية، الموصلية، التغطية، وكثافة الجودة وتم عرض النتائج والتحقق من صحتها من الناحية العددية والبصرية مع عدد عقد المختلفة. وقد اظهرت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها دقة بين 0.80 و0.99 لجميع المقاييس.واظهرت النتائج ان للكسور قدرة كبيرة على استخراج ميزة التشابه الذاتي لاستخدامها في التنقيب عن الصور مثل التجميع. واعطت خصائص التشابه الذاتي كسورية نتائج جيدة. وان الميزات المستخرجة مشابه الى مصفوفة المجاورة التي يتم استخدامها لتمثيل الرسم البياني. لذلك، تعتبر بنية جيدة لتمثيل الرسم البياني. | Image clustering refers to the division of images into various sets of images. In this regard, each set known as cluster includes images that are similar in features to each other but different those of other sets. The global features as statistical features can be interpreted as a particular property of image involving all pixels were used to calculating similarity among images by most of the researchers. This thesis used fractal features as local features to represent an image based on salient regions while remaining invariant to viewpoint and illumination changes. Fractal is popular because of their ability to extract the self - similarity feature. For a long time, researchers used fractals for image compression. Over the latest years, they have been applied in mining. This thesis has two major purposes, first to studies the ability to extract fractal Self - similarity features from images without using fractal dimension which is sensitive to numerical or empirical noise and limitations in the amount of data. Second to constructs graph based on extracted features and develops graph cluster algorithm.The proposed system is divided into two phases, the Similarity Matrix construction by a fractal method and a Graph Clustering algorithm. Partitioned Iterated Function Systems (PIFS) is applied to extracting Self - similarity features from just one image. This study developed PIFS to extracting Self - similarity features from many of images. Since the PIFS algorithm is time - consuming, it has been adapted to work with Map - Reduce techniques and also hash function was used to reduce the time complexity. The proposed system used similarity matrix to construct a graph structure and developed a graph clustering algorithm based on connectivity fractal features among nodes that represents as images.Each phase was tested Separately. In the first phase, Similarity Matrix construction (features extraction) is tested with K - means clustering algorithm to find out the correct features extracted. The B - Cubed recall and precision are estimated with good results to precision and recall accuracy.Then proposed methods of reducing time complexity results is presented and compared with traditional methods. The hash function reduced the complexity O(m×n) to O(m log⁡n) while Map/reduce technique reduce the complexity O(m×n) to O(m×n/t) for time where t is a number a of map task.The second phase, Graph Clustering algorithm is tested with the real - world graph dataset. The clustering result was evaluated by Modularity, Conductance, Coverage, and Density Quality Metrics and the results were presented and validated both numerically and visually with different nodes number. The obtained results have shown accuracy between 0.80 and 0.99 for all metrics.

نظام الكشف التعاوني عن هجومات الفيضان الموزعة للحرمان من الخدمة والتعقب المستوحى من مجتمع العناكب الاجتماعية == Collaborative Detection System of DDoS Flooding Attacks and Tracing Inspired by Social Spiders Society

Author name: عادل محمد سلمان القريشي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبيس المعموري
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: لا تزال شبكة الانترنيت تعاني من المشاكل الامنية التي تهم بشكل رئيسي الاشخاص الذين يستخدمون اجهزتهم للاتصال بالانترنت، سواء كانوا افراد او مؤسسات كبيرة. الهجمات الموزعة للحرمان من الخدمة، لا تزال واحدة من اهم المواضيع التي يتم مناقشتها حاليا في تهديدات امن الشبكات للشركات التي تقدم الخدمات لعملائها. في هذه الاطروحة، تم اقتراح نظام الكشف التعاوني. واستند على مرحلتين : (1) مرحلة الكشف؛ (2) مرحلة التعقب. اعتمادا على الفكرة المستوحاة من مجتمع العناكب الاجتماعية، تم تصنيف اجهزة التوجيه الى نوعين، على النحو التالي : (1) جهاز التوجيه الذكر، الذي هو مرتبط مباشرة مع الخادم؛ (2) جهاز التوجيه الانثى، والذي هو كل جهاز توجيه غير مرتبط مباشرة مع الخادم. ويتميز النظام المقترح بانه حل قائم على جهاز التوجيه وعلى فحص التدفقات.يمكن تقسيم مرحلة الكشف الى اربع خطوات، على النحو التالي : (1) جمع البيانات؛ (2) معالجة البيانات واستخراج الميزات؛ (3) بناء نموذج التصنيف، باستخدام خوارزمية شجرة القرار عالية السرعة (VFDT) كخطوة للكشف المبكر، والتي سيتم استخدامها من قبل كل جهاز توجيه انثى في الشبكة؛ (4) كشف الشذوذ (الهجوم) باستخدام خوارزمية الغابات العشوائية (RF) للتصنيف، والتي سيتم تنفيذها في كل جهاز توجيه ذكر. الجمع بين هاتين الخوارزميتين سوف ينتج عنه خوارزمية تصنيف جديدة تسمى هوفدينغ الغابات العشوائية (HRF).تبدا مرحلة تتبع مصادر الهجوم عندما يتم العثور على بيانات الهجوم. جهاز التوجيه الذكر القريب من الخادم الضحية سوف يتتبع مصادر الهجوم بالاعتماد على قيمة الاهتزاز للتدفق، ثم رفع الانذار وارسال جميع المعلومات الى مسؤول الشبكة لاتخاذ الاجراءات اللازمة. وقد استلهمت قيمة الاهتزاز من مجتمع العناكب الاجتماعية، والذي هو قيمة تاثير جهاز التوجيه الانثى على كل تدفق يمر من خلاله.وقد تم استخدام برنامج محاكاة شبكة NS3 لتوليد بيانات الشبكة. ثم الحصول على النتائج واختبار النظام بواسطة برنامج مبرمج باستخدام لغة C++. وعلاوة على ذلك، طبقت عدة تجارب، وتم اعتماد تجربتين لاختبار النظام المقترح، الاول هو 90 ثانية، في حين ان الثانية هي 1200 ثانية. اجريت هذه التجارب لتوليد البيانات العادية وكذلك توليد بيانات هجوم الفيضان الموزع للحرمان من الخدمة للنوعين TCP وUDP. تم اختبار البيانات التي تم توليدها لاثبات ما اذا كانت مشابهة للبيانات الحقيقية عن طريق اختبار اثنين من الخصائص التي هي التباين العالي والتشابه الذاتي. وقد اظهرت النتائج ان البيانات التي تم توليدها لها نفس خصائص البيانات الحقيقية، وتمت الموافقة على نسبة حوالي 95٪.بالاضافة الى ذلك، لتقييم اداء خوارزمية هرف الجديدة، تم استخدام ثلاثة تدابير : (1) نسبة دقة التصنيف، والتي كانت 99.9983٪ و99.9990٪ على التوالي لكل من التجارب (90 ثانية و1200 ثانية). (2) معدل الكشف، والتي تبين 9.9996٪ و99.9997٪، على التوالي، لكلا التجربتين. و(3) نسبة الانذار كاذب، كان 0.016٪ و0.0088٪ على التوالي لكلا التجربتين. وكان متوسط وقت الكشف 21.71 و28.46 ثانية لكل من التجارب على التوالي.يستخدم النظام المقترح مبدا تقليل السمات المستخدمة في التصنيف، مما ادى الى انخفاض في حجم الذاكرة المستخدمة بنسبة 62.96٪ وانخفاض في مساحة القرص الثابت المستخدم بنسبة 51.75٪.واخيرا، في عملية البحث عن المفقودين، والوصول الى اقرب جهاز التوجيه الاناث الى مصدر الهجوم، حيث تم تحديد معظم هذه الموجهات، لكلا التجربتين، مع نسبة 100٪. | The Internet still suffers from security problems which are the main concern for those connected via their devices, whether they are individuals or institutions. The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are still one of the most significant current discussions regarding network security threats for companies providing services to their clients.In this dissertation, a collaborative detection system which proposed is based on two parts : (1) the Detection phase, and (2) the Tracing phase. Inspired by the social spider’s society, the routers were classified into two types : (1) Male router, which is near the server and directly connected with it; and (2) Female router, which is near the user and directly connected with it or between the user and the server. The proposed system is characterized as a router - based and flow - based solution.The detection phase can be divided into four steps : (1) data collection; (2) data preprocessing and extraction of features; (3) building the classification model, using a Very Fast Decision Tree (VFDT) algorithm as an early detection step, which will be used by each female router in the network; and (4) anomaly (attack) detection using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm for classification, which will be implemented in each male router. The combination of these two algorithms will generate a new classification algorithm called the Hoeffding Random Forest (HRF).The tracing phase will be started when the attack data is found. The male router near the victim server will trace the attack sources based on the value of the vibration of the flow, then raise the alarm and send all the information to the network administrator, to take an action. The vibration value has been inspired by the social spider’s society, which is the effect of the female router on each flow passing through it.NS3 network simulation software has been used to generate the network data. Then obtain the results and test the system by a software programmed by C++. Moreover, several experiments were applied, and two experiments were adopted to test the proposed system; the first is 90 seconds, while the second is 1200 seconds. These experiments were performed to generate normal data and DDoS flooding attack data for TCP and UDP types. The generated data has been tested to prove if it is similar to the real data by testing two critical characteristics : high - variability and self - similarity. The results show that the generated data has the same characteristics as the real data, and is approved with ratio approximately 95%.Additionally, to evaluate the performance of the new HRF algorithm, three measures have been used : (1) classification accuracy ratio, which was 99.9983% and 99.9990% respectively for both experiments (90 sec. and 1200 sec.); (2) detection rate, showing 9.9996% and 99.9997%, respectively, for both experiments; and (3) false alarm, was 0.016% and 0.0088% respectively for both experiments. The average of the detection time was 21.71 and 28.46 seconds for both experiments respectively.The proposed system uses the principle of reducing the features that used in the classification, which led to a reduction in the used memory size by 62.96% and a reduction in the used hard disk space by 51.75%.Finally, in the tracing process, accessing the nearest female router to the source of the attack, where most of these routers have been identified, for both experiments, with ratio 100%.

تنقيب محتويات وبيانات استخدام الشبكة العنكبوتية بالاعتماد على تقنيات العنقدة المحدثة == Web Content and Usage Mining Based on Modified Clustering Techniques

Author name: احمد جبار عبيد
Supervisor name: توفيق عبد الخالق الاسدي
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The extensibility of diversified information that available on the Web along with massive users' have accessed to the Web services frequently produce several challenges related to such critical tasks such as controlling, monitoring and perception of the Web contents. However, novel techniques must be used to satisfy the modernistic requirements and provides better understanding to the colossal collection of diversity data types that is growing in fast manner every day on the Web.Web Mining is an extension of Data Mining techniques upon the data that stored on the Web. Web Mining is classified into three categories based on the type of data that used in mining process which are : Web Content Mining (WCM) is concern with the process of extract useful information from Web pages' contents, Web Usage Mining (WUM) is concern with discovering users' access pattern from Web usage data, and finally Web Structure Mining (WSM) is concern with extracting knowledge from the structure of the hyperlinks. Web documents are the most complex data that scattered on the Web in random way and a lot of these documents are created without any prior information. Unsupervised Data Mining Clustering technique, is one of the most usage techniques that aim to portioned out the objects into set of coherence groups, where the objects in a cluster are having common patterns than objects in other clusters.In this dissertation, the task of Web Mining is divided into two parts based on the data collected from the universities of (Kufa, Technology, Anbar and Diyala). First part is hold the Web documents by applying WCM techniques upon the Web Pages and Images of the universities Web sites, while second part is consider applying WUM techniques upon the Web usage data that collected from the Kufa university Web server. Proposed system consist of two parts : first part uses a novel approach to pre - process and extract unobserved patterns from Web pages' text blocks content,

تمييز حركة الكائن المفرد اعتمادا على نظرية تاكوشي للامثلية ومجموعة الخام للتصنيف == Single Object Motion Categorization Based on Taguchi Method Optimization and Rough Set Classification

Author name: عادل عباس مجيد الربيعي
Supervisor name: اسراء هادي علي الشمري
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر انظمة التتبع الفيديوية ذات اهمية كبيرة في عالمنا الحديث. لاعتبارها احد الفروع الهامة من علوم الحاسوب التي تتعامل مع عدة مواضيع مثل الامن، الطبية، القضائية او الطب الشرعي، الرياضة وغيرها من المجالات الحيوية والحياتية الاخرى.ان المشكلة الاساسية التي تم تناولها ودراستها في بحثنا هذا كيفية الكشف عن حركة الاجسام او الاشخاص والتركيز لايجاد نوع وشكل الحركة للاجسام في الافلام.الحصول على معلومات اضافية من الفيديو ادت الى تجميع بعض الافكار لبرهنة او دحض بعض الحقائق. وكذلك ايجاد الدوال المناسبة لها والتي تمثل نوع الحركة للجسم، حيث تم استخلاص الصفات المهمة لمسار الجسم مع تحديد وزن كل صفة وهذا مما يؤدي تقليل الزمن المستهلك في تطبيقات التعقب الفديوي. تم استخدام طرق الرياضيات الحديثة لغرض تصنيف الحركات المتنوعة والمتشابهة في الشكل للاجسام التي يتم تعقبها بالاعتماد على قاعدة بيانات ذات مقاييس عالمية. هناك الكثير من التحديات التي تواجه عملية تعقب الاهداف المتحركة، مثل فصل الجسم او الهدف عن خلفية المشهد، نحن نستخدم طريقة محدثة من الرسم البياني التراكمي لبناء قالب للمشهد الخلفي. بعد ايجاد مسار الجسم نحن نختار عدد من الصفات الملائمة مثل (الازاحة، السرعة، الفرق في الطول، الميل) لغرض تحديد شكل وطبيعة حركة الجسم.في بحثتا هذا استخدمنا ثلاث طرق وقارنا بينها (الميل، الانحدار، وصف فورير) لحركة الاجسام لكي نحدد شكل الحركة (مستقيم، دائرة، قوس، بيضوي، متذبذب، حرف اس ....الخ) واستنتجنا ان طريقة الميل هي الافضل من حيث الزمن المستهلك وغير مكلفة حسابيا. في مرحلة الامثلية التي تعتبر جزء مهم في انظمة التعقب الفيديوي، وظفنا نظرية تاكوشي لتحديد الاعلى وزنا لافضل خاصية من الخواص المستخلصة مما يؤدي لتقليل الزمن المستهلك في التطبيقات. لتصنيف انواع عديدة من حركة الاشخاص نحن نعتمد على موديل مجموعة الخام لبناء نظام المعلومات وعدد من القواعد لتمييز شكل الحركات المتداخلة مثل (الانحناء، رفع اليد والساق في نفس المكان، القفز مع الحركة، القفز في نفس المكان، الركض، الحركة الجانبية، القفز بقدم واحدة، المشي، الحركة الموجية) في عملية التصنيف. في النهاية، للكشف عن البحث وما يتضمنه من تجارب يمكن متابعة الفصل الثاني والثالث بشكل مفصل علما ان وثوقية النظام بلغت بحدود 93% بعد اجراء الكثير من التجارب بالاعتماد على قاعدة بيانات قياسية تسمى "ويزمان | Video tracking systems (VTS) is a matter of interest in this modern world, because it regarded as one of important branches of computer science which deals with several subjects such as security, medical, judicial or forensic, sports and other vital fields of life.The main problem that has been addressed, studied and analyzed in this thesis is how can detect and recognize objects (persons) motions? farther more this work was concentrated on finding the shape and form of a movement of person or objects in a video. Getting additional information from a video will enable the author to sum the ideas in order to prove or disprove some facts. For instance, finding and manipulating the trajectory of object and mathematical models used in analyzing. Finding the suitable functions which represent types of objects’ motions, extract important features of trajectory object’s moving, in order to find optima features by determine the weight of each features. This reduce the consume time in video tracking application. Using the modern mathematical models to classify object motion and determine the types and form of them. This is based on standard database (Weizmann). There are some difficulties facing the process of tracking moving targets such as separate the object or target from the background of scene. In order to build a background template model which is used an upgrade accumulative histogram technique.Finding the trajectory of object, and selecting a number of appropriate motion attributes such as (displacement, velocity, differences in length and slope), enable us to determine the form and the nature of the motion object movement.In this work three methods “Slope, Regression and Fourier descriptors” have been studied, and a comparison among them was made, and determines the shape of the movement (straight line, circle, arc, ellipse, oscillating, S - shaped…etc.) was detected. It was found, that the slope method was the best in terms of consumed time or computationally inexpensive.The optimization stage regards a core part of a video tracking, specified Taguchi method have been used in this work in order to assign in high value of weight for best features extraction and it has reduced the consumption of analysis time.The classification of persons motion depends on rough set model to implement information system and number of rules in distinguishing forms of overlapping movements types such as to (bend, jack, jump, pjump, run , side, skip, walk and wave). In the end, the detection of this work implicitly tested in chapter two and chapter three. Thesis reliability up to 93% after a lot of testing based on the standards database is called “Weizmann”.

خوارزهية التوجيه الهجينة لاتصاللات الماكنة مع ملكنة == Hybriid Routiing Allgoriithm for Machiine to Machiine Communiicatiion

Author name: باسم جميل علي
Supervisor name: سعد طالب حسون الجبوري
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The wireless communication devices have witnessed rapid growth in the recent years. Such growth and its useful applications led to the appearance of new applications known as "machine - to - machine" (M2M) communications. M2M plays a big role in finding the best hopeful explanation to change the current and the future smart widespread requests. Most of the smart wireless devices may perform as servers, collection of data and/or delivering the data at real time to users in a certain collaborative fashion.M2M communication domain consists of a huge number of tiny nodes and gateway (or sink) that are suffer from suffer from resource constrains like power limitation, storage capacity, radio limitation, data processing, etc.. Thus, it is necessary to find methods to increase node's lifetime as long as possible and consequently the overall sensor network. M2M devices consume considerable amount of energy due to communication process comparing to other process. This process depends on message size and the distance between the sender and the recipient. Thus reducing the packet size and finding a low energy aware routing procedure is necessary to save nodes energy.This thesis adopted compressed sensing (CS) as a modern data compression technique, modified Gossip algorithm as a flat protocol and introduced hybrid Gossip based low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocols as a new hybrid routing algorithm. CS combined with LEACH protocol named LEACHCS and the results that are reported from LEACHCS showed that the communication process can be improved in term of the channel bandwidth (B.W) utilization, increasing network throughput and saving node's communication energy.Gossip data aggregation technique is a biologically inspired paradigm of contagion inspired from behavior of the disease infection process. Its procedure is based on the help of neighboring nodes and employs the randomization technique to form a chain of the intermediary nodes (route). The modification of Gossip based on the selection operation of the next node hop. This thesis introduced three versions of modifying Gossip : a) Modify Gossip named (DGossip), in which a chain of intermediary nodes can be formed according to the relative node's energy and relative nodes displacement to the sink instance of randomization technique in the original Gossip. b) The formation of intermediary nodes based on the relative energy of neighbor nodes and nearest node to the source node called EN_Gossip. c) A hybrid of EN_Gossip and EL_Gossip named ENL_Gossip is introduced as a new version. In ENL_Gossip, a chain of intermediary nodes is collected through alternating use of both EN_Gossip first then EL_Gossip starting from the source node till reached the sink.The results showed that the DGossip is significantly better than others in term of the average remaining energy of network and latency time (in terms of number of hops), while ENL_gossip outperforms the others in term of network's live time.A new hybrid algorithm is proposed which combined Gossip as a bio - inspired technique with LEACH as a hierarchical multi - hop routing algorithm called LEACHGossip algorithm. This algorithm uses LEACH for clustering configuration purpose, while Gossip applies for each CH (or normal node) that is away (do m) from the sink (or from its associated CH). The simulation results proved that it outperforms LEACH about more times in terms of congestion between CHs and BS, node still alive and energy saving. Thus, the above mentioned procedures can be considered as efficient communication protocols for M2M communication networks in term of energy saving.

تحديد مكان وهوية المتكلم باستخدام تقنية توجيه حزم الاشارة المحسنة

Author name: علي يعكوب يوسف
Supervisor name: حسين عطية لفتة الخالدي
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems perform well when using a close - talking microphone, However, many environments (Hands - free) where the use of such microphones is undesirable for reasons of convenience. In a hands - free environment, the noise and reverberation degrade the accuracy of recognition. An enhanced approach using microphone array for speaker localization and enhancement of speech signal input to an automatic speech identification system was proposed. The proposed system using enhanced beamforming technique based on Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) for speaker localization with multi - microphone arrays. The strongest output beam signal corresponding to selected microphone array, used for the speaker identification. The identification phase based on using Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient MFCC for feature extraction and enhance LBG algorithm for speaker modeling.Speaker identification accuracy in using proposed method were compared with conventional beamforming method, It was found that the higher recognition accuracy than previous approaches, and in experiments using speech signals that were artificially corrupted by additive noise. The proposed system provided a consistent, improvement in recognition accuracy for several experiments in simulation environments. It is also showing the benefit of usingmicrophone array processing. The localization phase evaluated using SNR, showing enhanced ratio after applying enhanced beamforming that estimate speaker location. The results showing localization accuracy 96.8% and 98.1% recognition accuracy where achieved.

نظام توصيات قائم على الويب لانتشار الاوبئة == Web - Based Recommender System for Spread Epidemics

Author name: حيدر محمد حبيب مجيد
Supervisor name: نبيل هاشم الاعرجي
General topic: Computer Science
Specific topic: Computer Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: The usage of Online Social Networks, such as Facebook and Twitterbecomes more and more popular in order to exchange and disseminate news andinformation in real - time. Twitter in particular allows the instant dissemination ofshort messages in the form of microblogs to followers. This dissertation exploresand examine the usage of how social networks, such as the microblogging toolTwitter, can help in the detection of spreading epidemics and reducing time delaybetween the emergence of disease and report sick to the health authorities suchas World Health Organization (WHO).Text classification has been used to classify the patients and non - patients(positive / negative). Sentiment Analysis (SA) and Linear Support VectorClassifier (LSVC) have been applied in the classification patients. In thisdissertation, four diseases have examined. Diseases that have most similarity intheir symptoms have been taken in order to classify patients based on theirsymptoms by applying a recommendation system techniques. Symptoms - basedHealthcare Recommender System is new approach in this work. It uses patientsymptominstead of user - item in traditional Collaborative Recommender System.Collaborative Filtering (CF) has been applied in order to recommend whichdisease the patient may has. CF shows an indicator that users on Social Networkshave not enough knowledge to mention all symptoms for specific disease, that’sled to classify patients to more than one disease according to common symptomsthat mentioned by patients.Geolocation of users that classified as patients has been extracted in orderto recommend health authorities that there is a certain area might has a beginningof spread disease. An implicit geocoding of users has been extracted by usingGoogle Maps Geocoding API to avoid neglecting those who don’t have explicitgeolocation.IISuspected areas has been weighted by computing a Confidence Factor(cFactor) of Tweet source whatever it comes from mobile or desktop. cFactorhelp in reducing time consuming into 29% of collecting and processing data.Weighted and Geographic Symptoms - based Recommender (WGSR) model hasbeen created detect, classify and visualize patients on the map.The accuracy of WGSR model reached to %94 in the classification andmore than %80 with the real reports of World Health Organization (WHO) whichrefers as a very good and can be improved for better results.

تصميم وتطبيق منظومة تعقيم المياه باستخدام الاشعاع الشمسي == Designing and Implementing a Water Disinfection System by Solar Radiation

Author name: عبد الوهاب حسين محمد علي العبيدي
Supervisor name: حسن هاشم سلمان | خليل مصطفى خماس
General topic: Meteorology
Specific topic: Atmospheric Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم العمل بهذه الاطروحة لتصميم وتطبيق منظومة عملية تعمل على تعقيم ماء الشرب باستخدام الاشعة الشمسية المتوفرة في قطرنا بشكل واسع، وباقل التكاليف لاستخدامها في البيوت العراقية وخاصة تلك التي تقع في القرى والارياف والمناطق النائية. الخطوة الاولى كانت الاعداد لنظام بسيط لهذه المنظومة، والخطوة الثانية كانت تحضير الحاويات الملائمة لهذه المنظومة وتجهيزها بنماذج الماء الخام(الملوث) وتعريضه للاشعاع الشمسي.لقد تم اجراء اكتر من 25 تجربة لاختبار تاثير مختلف المتغيرات الجوية على عملية تعقيم ماء الشرب باستخدام الاشعاع الشمسي,وتاثير هذه المتغيرات على كفاءة قتل مجموعة البكتريا القولونية، القولونية البرازية والقولونية بالاشعاع الشمسي. هذه المتغيرات هي : درجة الحرارة، الاشعاع الشمسي، الوان حاويات المنظومة، المطر والغيوم والعواصف الرملية. وقد تم مقارنة نتائج هذه التجارب باستخدام الاشعاع الشمسي والحرارة مع نتائج التجارب التي استخدمت فيها الحرارة فقط.وقد كانت نتائج هذه التجارب كما يلي : 1 - ان قيمة الاشعاع الشمسي الساقط على مدينة بغداد للفترة من 22 مايس 2009 ولغاية 4 تموز 2010 ودرجات الحراة المسجلة عن طريق المحطة الانوائية والثرموميتر الموجودعلى سطح المنظومة، كانت طيلة هذه الفترة اعلى من الحد الادنى المطلوب لتعقيم الماء باستخدام الاشعاع الشمسي ,باستثناء ايام الشتاء المحددة بشهري تشرين الثاني وكانون الاول. والمعالجة خلال هذه الفترة كانت تتم عن طريق زيادة الفترة الزمنية لتعريض النموذج للاشعاع من 6 ساعات الى 48 ساعة.2 - اظهرت نتائج التجارب بوضوح تاثير عكورة الماء على عملي التعقيم باستخدام الاشعاع الشمسي,حيث يتم تركيد(ترسيب) الجسيمات الدقيقة العالقة قبل التعريض للاشعاع الشمسي، وبهذه الخطوة يتم التخلص من حولي 90% من العدد الكلي لجميع المجموعات من الكائنات الحية الدقيقة العالقة مع الجسيمات.3 - اظهرت نتائج التجارب الى ان هناك ترابط وتازر بين الاشعاع الشمسي ودرجة الحرارة، واظهرت احدى التجارب في الصيف انه قد تم قتل كل مجموعة البكتريا الموجودة في النموذج 100% يعد التعريض للاشعاع والحرارة معا، الا انه يم يتم الوصول الى هذه النتيجة بتعريض هذا النموذج للحرارة فقط.4 - عندما يكون الجو حارالاانه مصحوبا بعاصفة ترابية فانه لا يتم تعقيم الماء 100% في مثل هذه الظروف، وتكون المعالجة بزيادة الفترة الزمنية لتعريض النموذج من 6 ساعات الى 48 ساعة.5 - تم اجراء العديد من التجارب بعد تغيير الوان حاويات المنظومة واختبار كفاءة قتل البكتيريا بعد تغيير الالوان, وكانت النتائج كالتالي : الازرق(كفاءة عالية)، الاصفر(معتدلة) والاحمر (منخفض)الكفاءة.6 - اتضح من خلال التجارب ان موسم الصيف يظهر فيه اكبر عدد من انواع البكتيريا في نماذج الماء غير المعاملة(غير المعرضة للاشعاع)، اما موسم الشتاء فيكون فيه عدد انواع البكتيريا اقل. | The aim of this thesis is to design and implement a system for disinfecting drinking water by solar radiation with low cost so that it can be used in Iraqi houses, particularly, those located in suburban and rural areas. The steps of system include building the system, preparing the required water containers, collecting the infected water samples and exposing them to solar radiation. More than 25 experiments were conducted to test the effects of several variables on the process of water disinfection by solar radiation and the impact of each of these variables on the efficiency of the inactivation of the total coliform, faecal coliform and E.coli by the solar radiation. These variables include water turbidity, the amount of solar radiation, air temperature, dust storms, cloud formation, and rainfall. These experiments were compared with the inactivation of bacteria by heating (oven) only. Results indicated that the amount of solar radiation incident on Baghdad during the period from 22 March 2009 to 4 July 2010, and temperature recorded by the Weather Station and by the thermometer mount on the system was always more than the threshold value required for the inactivation, except during days of winter months of November and December due to low amount of solar radiation. This was overcome by increasing the time period of exposure to the solar radiation from 6 hours to 48 hours. The results of experiments showed clearly the effect of water turbidity on the disinfection processes by solar radiation. Settling infected water samples before exposing them to solar radiation has inactivated 90% of bacteria. Experiments conducted during summer, when solar radiation values are relatively high showed the percentage of bacteria inactivation was 100%, while disinfection by heat only did not reach that value. The conditions of dust storm occurrence, cloud formation, and fall of rain greatly affect the disinfection processes by solar radiation, since these atmospheric constituents reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Results suggested that under such conditions, exposure time should be increased from 6 to 48 hours. Several experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the containers colors (wavelengths) on the bacteria inactivation. Three colors were selected; those are blue (short wavelength), yellow, and red. Results showed that the blue colored containers have the highest efficiency, yellow containers have moderate efficiency, and red containers have the lowest efficiency. Results also illustrated that infected water samples collected during summer have a larger number of bacteria that those collected during winter.

تاثير درجة حرارة سطح البحر المتوسط على درجة حرارة الهواء السطحية والامطار لبعض المواقع في الشرق الاوسط == The effect of Mediterranean Sea surface temperature on air surface temperature and rainfall for some locations in the Middle East

Author name: حنين حاكم عبد الرضا عباس
Supervisor name: منعم حكيم خلف الجبوري
General topic: Meteorology
Specific topic: Atmospheric Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: درجة حرارة سطح البحر تلعب دور مهم في التغير المناخي لانها تؤثر على درجة حرارة الهواء مباشرة فوق السطح ومعدل التبخر للماء والذي يؤثر بدوره على درجة حرارة الهواء وتكوين الغيوم والامطار. لذلك دراسة درجة حرارة سطح البحر مهمه في حل المشاكل للظواهر الجوية والبحرية ونظام المناخ للارض. يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة تاثير تغيرات درجة حرارة سطح البحرالابيض المتوسط(SST) على درجة حرارة الهواء السطحية(T2M) والامطار(TP) لمنطقة الشرق الاوسط خلال الفترة .(1980 - 2009) البيانات المستخدمة في هذه الدراسة تم الحصول عليها من المركز الاوربي وتم عمل ثلاث شبكات للمتغيرات لايجاد العلاقة بين SST وT2MوTP ب استخدام طريقتين للتحليل الاحصائي. ففي الجزء الاول من الدراسة تم استخدام طرق التحليل الاحصائي مثل السلاسل الزمنية ومعامل الارتباط, وتم اختيار ثلاث مواقع (نقاط) على الشبكة في البحر المتوسط واربع مناطق في الشرق الاوسط (بغداد, عمان, دمشق, بيروت).النتائج اظهرت ان التغيرات في درجة حرارة سطح البحر لها اكبر قيمة للميل في شهر تموز (0.06) للنقاط الثلاثة واقل قيمة كانت في الفصول الانتقالية, في شهر نيسان كانت (0.01) للنقطتين الاولى والثالثة, في شهرتشرين الاول كانت قيمة الميل (0.04) في النقطة الثالثة. اما اعلى قيمة للميل لدرجة حرارة الهواء السطحية في الشرق الاوسط فكانت في شهر تموز (0.06) في مدينتي بغداد ودمشق وكانت اقل قيمة في شهر نيسان (0.006 - ) في مدينة عمان. بالنسبة لقيمة الميل للامطار فكانت اعلى قيمة في عمان وبيروت (0.3) خلال شهري كانون الاول وشباط على التوالي, واقل قيمة للميل كانت في بغداد (0.27 - ) خلال شهر كانون الاول. بينت النتائج ان درجة حرارة سطح البحر لها اكبر تاثير على درجة حرارة الهواء السطحية في شهر تموز, بسبب ان معامل الارتباط كانت له اعلى قيمة (0.58), (0.48), (0.50), (0.56) للمدن بغداد وعمان ودمشق وبيروت على التوالي خصوصا مع النقطة الاولى. اقل قيمه خصوصا للنقطتين االثانيه والثالثه فكانت في شهر نيسان, (0.007 - ), (0.08 - ), (0.08 - ), (0.08 - ) للمدن بغداد وعمان ودمشق وبيروت على التوالي.ولوحظ انه لاتوجد علاقة بين درجة حرارة سطح البحر والامطار للمناطق الاربع لان معامل الارتباط له قيم قليله في كل المواسم المطرية.في الجزء الثاي من الدراسة فتم استخدام طريقة التحليل بواسطة الدالة التجربيبة المتعامدة (EOF) للتغاير المكاني واخذت اول نمطين للـEOF الاول والثاني (EOF2, EOF1) وطريقة التحليل بواسطة (PC) للتغاير الزمني للنمط الاول (PC1). استخدمت شبكتين للنقاط للبيانات, الاولى تمثل شبكة SST لمنطقة البحر المتوسط والشبكة الثانية تمثل شبكة ((T2M,TP لمنطقة الشرق الاوسط وبقدره تميز 0.50 x 0.50 وقسمت فترة الدراسة الى فترات تمثل كل عشر سنوات.النتائج بينت ان نسبة التغاير المكاني لدرجة حرارة سطح البحر للـEOF1 ودرجة الحرارة السطحية كانت 97% و95% من التغاير الكلي على التوالي , وهذا يشير الى وجود علاقة محتملة بينهم, بينما التغاير المكاني للامطار سجلت اقل قيمة خلال فترة الدراسة.اما التحليل بواسطه التغاير الزمني بواسطه PC للـ SST فقط لوحظ وجود دوره قوية لها عشر قمم كل عشر سنوات من فترة الدراسة. | Sea surface temperature plays an important role in the climate change, because it affects the temperature of the air immediately above the surface, evaporation rate of water, cloud formation and precipitation. Therefore, the study of sea surface temperature is fairly essential for solving many meteorological and oceanographic problems and climate system of the earth. The aim of this thesis is to study the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) variation of Mediterranean Sea on air surface temperature (T2M) and rainfall (TP) in Middle East during the period (1980 - 2009). The data used in this study obtained from the Europe center (ECMWF) and made three grids of the variables in order to determine the relationship between SST and (T2M, TP) by using two statistical analysis methods. In the first part of study, statistical analysis technique used such as time series and correlation coefficient, and select three location (points I,II,III) on the grid of Mediterranean sea and four locations on Middle East (Baghdad, Amman, Damascus, Beirut). The results show that, The variation of SST has the highest value of trend in July (0.06) for the points I, II, III and the lowest value was in the transition season, in April was (0.01) for point I, III, in October was (0.04) for point III. While the highest value of trend for T2M in Middle East was in July (0.06) in Baghdad and Amman city and the lowest value in April ( - 0.006) in Amman city. For the value of trend of rainfall, the highest value was in Amman and Beirut (0.3) in December and February months respectively, and the lowest value of trend was in Baghdad ( - 0.27) in December month. The results show that the SST has the largest impact on T2M in July, because the correlation coefficients has the highest value (0.58), (0.48), (0.50), and (0.56) for Baghdad, Amman, Damascus and Beirut respectively especially for point I. The lowest value of especially for point II, III, in April was ( - 0.07), ( - 0.008), ( - 0.008) and ( - 0.008) for Baghdad, Amman, Damascus and Beirut respectively. And notes there is no relation between SST and TP for the four locations, because the correlation coefficient has small value in all rainfall months. The second part of the study use the Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for the spatial variance and take the first two EOF (EOF1, EOF2) mode, and principle component analysis (PCA) tool for the temporal variation of (PC1) mode. Two grids of points have been used for the data; the first one represents the SST grid of Mediterranean Sea area and the second one represents the (T2M, TP) grid of Middle East of 0.50 x 0.50 and the period of study divided into periods every 10 years. The results show that the percentage of spatial variation of EOF1 for SST and T2M was 97% and 95% of total variance respectively, that indicate to have possible relationship between them while the spatial variance of TP record the lowest value in the period of study. The analysis made by the temporal variance of PC for SST show it has strong cycle with 10 peaks every 10 years of the period of study.

تاثير البقع الشمسية على بعض المتغيرات المناخية في العراق == The Effect of Sunspot Numbers on Some Climate Variability over Iraq

Author name: بيداء جعفر حسن
Supervisor name: عوني ادوار عبد الاحد | بدور ياسين حمود
General topic: Meteorology
Specific topic: Atmospheric Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان دراسة العلاقة بين النشاط الشمسي مع المتغيرات المناخية من العلوم المهمة والتي ترتبط ارتباطا مباشرا بالانسان وبيئته . في هذا البحث تم دراسة العلاقة بين النشاط الشمسي (دورة البقع الشمسية) مع بعض العناصر المناخية مثل الامطار ودرجات الحرارة وذلك بالاعتماد على سنين طويلة من الرصدات والبيانات . تم استخدام معاملات الارتباط الخطية لاختبار درجة الارتباط بين اي متغيرين . تم استخدام طريقتين لدراسة هذا البحث : الاولى هي دراسة العلاقة بين الدورات الشمسية (ما يقارب 11دورة شمسية ) مع كل من ظاهرة (NAO و(ENSO وقد تبين بان التغيرات طويلة المدى لل NAO)) تتناسب تناسبا عكسيا مع دورة البقع الشمسية عند نهاية القرن التاسع عشر وبداية القرن العشرين بمعامل ارتباط مقداره (0.65 - ) , بينما كان التناسب طرديا للفترة (1940 - 2010) وبمعامل ارتباط مقداره (0.75) ومن جهة اخرى تم دراسة العلاقة بين ( NAOو(ENSO مع درجات الحرارة والامطار للمحطات الثلاث موصل - بغداد - البصرة وقد تبين بان علاقة ال(NAO) مع درجة الحرارة عالية بشكل عام في الشتاء بينما كانت العلاقة ضعيفة في فصل الصيف للمحطات الثلاث وتقل تلك العلاقة كلما اتجهنا جنوبا . اما علاقة (NAO) مع الامطار كانت متذبذبة بين معاملات ارتباط عالية واخرى واطئة. اما فيما يتعلق بالعلاقة مع ال(ENSO) فهي ضعيفة عموما للمحطات الثلاث. الطريقة الثانية استخدام تقنية Continuous Wavelet Transformation) ) ذو الابعاد الثلاث ( three dimensions)من خلال برنامج MATLAB لمعرفة مدى الدورية periodicity للنشاط الشمسي مع المجموع السنوي للامطار للفترة (1910 - 2000) ومع درجات الحرارة للفترة 1871 - 2008 للعراق. وقد اشارت النتائج الى ان للبقع الشمسية ثلاث فترات periodicity رئيسية 11، 21 و33 سنة ، بينما كان للعناصر الجوية دورات صغيرة (2 - 9 ) سنة بالاضافة الى نفس الدورات اعلاه (11، 21،33 ) سنة. تم تطبيق المتوسط المتحرك moving average طبقا لتلك الدوريات periodicities حيث تبين ان للنشاط الشمسي علاقة جيدة مع الامطار ، بينما كانت علاقة النشاط الشمسي مع درجات الحرارة غير واضحة او متغيرة مع كل من الزمان والمكان | The study of the relation between solar activity with the climate elements is one of the important science which closely related with the human and his environmental. Relationships between solar activity (sunspot cycles) with some climate elements such as precipitation, Air temperature was the primary aim of this thesis, biased on many years of observations and using linear correlation coefficients to examine the relations between two variables. The methods of this research were organized in two domains as follows : The first domain : Studied the relation between solar cycles (for about eleven cycles) with (NAO) and with (ENSO). The main results were the long - term variations of NAO are negatively correlated with sunspot activity at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, with a correlation coefficient of ( - 0.65), whereas positively correlated for the period (1940 - 2010), with a correlation coefficient of (0.75), links (NAO and ENSO) with air temperature and precipitation have been also studied for three stations, Mosul, Baghdad and Basra. The main results showed that the NAO is closely correlated with air temperature in winter season (higher than summer) for the three stations, but this correlation relatively decreased toward south of Iraq. The relation between NAO and precipitation was oscillated between high and low correlations. The relations between the ENSO with air temperature and with precipitation were not obvious for the three stations. The second domain : is using continuous wavelet transformation by MATLAB technique. The relations between the solar cycles with annual precipitation for the period (1910 - 2000), air temperature, for the period (1871 - 2008) have been studied for Iraq. The results indicated that the sunspot cycles have three main periods, around 11, 21 and 33 year, while the studied climate elements had small periods (3 - 7) as well as the 11, 21, 33 years. After applying moving average according to the periodicities that found by continuous wavelet transformation, relations between solar cycles were closely related to the annual precipitation. Whereas the correlation of solar activity with air temperature was found to vary with place and time

تاثير شدة الاضطراب على اداء توربين الرياح == Effect of Turbulence Intensity on Wind Turbine Performance

Author name: باسم عبد السادة محمد الكناني
Supervisor name: عوني ادوار عبد الاحد | محمد احمد صالح
General topic: Meteorology
Specific topic: Atmospheric Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The ongoing depleting of oil and gas reserves, combined with the growing concerns about global warming, has made it inevitable to seek alternative resources of energy. To substitute oil produced energy and eventually minimize atmospheric degradation, renewable energy resources have increasingly become attractive and have been widely used. Therefore, this study focuses on one of the most important resources of renewable energy which is wind energy.Wind speed and direction data of Sulaymaniyah Province (airport station) in the north of Iraq in (2012) measured with 10 seconds time interval, were used to calculate wind potential in the site. Wind speed values with 10 seconds time interval are important to calculate wind turbulence intensity. Mean wind speed and standard deviation with (1, 10, and 60 minutes) time intervals were calculated, together with wind speed distribution, wind direction distribution, wind shear, and turbulence intensity; also, the appropriate class of wind turbine was identified.The impact of meteorological parameters (turbulence intensity, and wind shear) on the performance of wind turbine has been calculated using a MATLAB programming language, which was designed and implemented for this study.Results show that the turbulence intensity is the most significant parameter due to its major effects on the useful life time of a wind turbine. In addition, ambient turbulence intensity was determined, and the turbulence generated by wind turbines was calculated, this type of turbulence is called effective turbulence intensity (Ieff). It was found that wind turbine class (C) is a suitable choice to be installed at the study site (Sulaymaniyah airport station).VIAlso, results show that wind shear is a very important concept for wind turbine developers and installers, since a small difference in wind speed can lead to large difference in power output of a wind turbine. This can be achieved either by calculating wind speed at different heights using equivalent wind speed or by calculating wind speed at hub height using power law. It can be concluded that using equivalent wind speed to evaluate the site gives better calculation of mean wind speed available at that site than wind speed calculated at hub height only. In addition, shear exponent calculation as a function of height is more accurate than its assumed constant value (0.14), in power density estimation.Moreover, wind speed data, of Baghdad Province (Al - Mustansiriyah University meteorological station) in the middle of Iraq in (2008) measured with 15 minutes time interval, were used to calculate the characteristic turbulence intensity of small wind turbine, and monthly mean turbulence intensity. It was found that wind turbine class (B) is the best choice in Al - Mustansiriyah University site. In addition, the highest values of monthly mean turbulence intensity at Baghdad (Al - Mustansiriyah University) were obtained during November, and January, while the lowest values were in June, and July.Finally, wind data were analyzed using Weibull distribution function with its parameters (scale and shape), which were calculated using three analytical methods. Results show that the maximum likelihood method (MLM) gives the best calculation for Weibull parameters in both Sulaymaniyah airport and Al - Mustansiriyah University stations.

نمذجة ابذار الغيوم الدافئة بواسطة قطيرات محلول كلوريد الصوديوم == Modeling of Warm Cloud Seeding Using NaCl Solution Droplets

Author name: اصداف عبد الامیررعید
Supervisor name: رشید حمود النعیمي | قیس جمیل الجمیلي
General topic: Meteorology
Specific topic: Atmospheric Sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Clouds has a crucial role in the dynamic and thermodynamics of the atmosphere. Precipitation from clouds is of vital importance for human life and activity. Cloud seeding, a form of weather modification, is the attempt to change the amount or type of precipitation that falls from clouds, by dispersing substances into the air that serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which alter the microphysical processes within the cloud. The usual intent is to increase precipitation (rain or snow), but hail and fog suppression are also widely practiced in airports. The aim of this study is to develop and implement a numerical warm cloud models to simulate microphysical processes within clouds and investigate the effects of seeding process on the formation of raindrops. Results of the modeling the effects of solute on the formation of cloud droplets suggested that the super saturation is decreased by solutes and critical super saturation value depends on the activity of the solute. The results also indicated that Urea is the best solute for decreasing super saturation, as compared with other materials. Bulk modeling of warm clouds showed that updraft, fall speed, radius of cloud element, and surface temperature are the most important factors affecting the microphysical processes within the cloud parcel. An increase in these parameters can lead to an increase in the fallout from cloud. Simple model of warm cloud droplet suggested that updraft, initial drop radius, and liquid water content play an important role in the growth of cloud drop and rain formation. Numerical simulation of warm cloud seeding by salt solution showed that growth of most drops depends on seeding density value, the rate of growth of the cloud drop increase with increasing seeding density in a nonlinear way. The results illustrated that the radius of the large drop plays an important role in growth process while very small radius of small droplets has almost negligible effects on the growth process. It was found that rainfall is increased when seeding density is increased from 0 (the case of no seeding). The results also showed there is an optimum value for seeding density that gives the relatively largest amount of rainfall. Beside seeding density, the updraft radius of the cloud plays an important role in the formation of rain. Therefore the proper seeding density to be used depends on the updraft radius of the cloud

السحب العميق المتعدد المراحل للاقداح السداسية == Multistage Deep Drawing of Hexagonal Cups

Author name: صبيح سلمان داود
Supervisor name: وليد خالد جواد
Specific topic: Production Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this work is to design and manufacturing a multistage (three stages) deep drawing dies to produce cylindrical and hexagonal cups of (43,33.1,26.8)mm diagonal diameter through two methods. The first method by drawing the hexagonal cups directly by using hexagonal orifice die from a flat sheet (blank) of (80mm) diameter and (0.7) mm sheet thickness for (1006 - AISI) hot rolling low carbon steel material.The second method by redrawing a cylindrical cups of (43,33.1,26.8) mm outer diameter (produced previously by a cylindrical orifice die) in to hexagonal orifice die which transform (convert) these cylindrical cups into hexagonal cups of (43,33.1,26.8)mm diagonal diameter.For all stages of drawing hexagonal cups, wall corner radius of die (0.7, 4)mm, with punch and die profile radius of (4 and 8) mm and drawing speed of (50, 200, 500) mm/min were used to study the effect of these parameter on drawing forces, cup wall thickness, strain distribution over the cup wall and surface defect of the cup wall.A commercially finite element soft ware (ANSYS 11.0)was used to perform the numerical simulation for cylindrical and hexagonal cups in three stages of drawing process. A comparison between theoretical (simulation) and experimental results lie within average of (15 - 20%), and the agreement is good in the first stage.The results shown that excessive metal flow ,maximum thinning of cup wall and maximum strain occurred at corner radius of (0.7) mm and at drawing speed of (500mm/min )for hexagonal cup produced directly from flat sheet.The results shown that the best thickness distribution and strain distribution over the cup wall, better cup wall surface (less surface defects) and lowest drawing force was with percentage (63.8%,45.4%,74.1%) respectively occurred when transform (converting) the cylindrical cup into hexagonal cup with wall corner radius of die (Rc= 4)mm in three stages.

التقنية المثلى الحرارية لاعادة تشكيل القرنية اثناء الجراحة الليزرية == Thermal Optimization Technique For Corneal Reshaping During Laser Surgery

Author name: نبراس حسين عائب
Supervisor name: خالد احمد الجودي | سومر متي ناسي
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Fluid Dynamics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جرى التحقق من التغيير في شكل القرنية حراريا بمساعدة منظومة ليزر لتعويض الاخطاء الانكسارية. شملت الدراسة صياغة نموذج رياضي للمسالة ببعد واحد مع تجارب عملية باستخدام المزدوجات الحرارية والكاميرا الحرارية. كانت درجة الحرارة القصوى المحسوبة من النموذج الرياض | A change in corneal shape assisted by laser system to compensate the refractive errors is investigated thermally. The investigation included a mathematical one dimensional model and experimental work using thermocouples and infrared camera. The maximum th

تحسين اداء التبريد الغشائي لثقوب النفث باستخدام المنحدرات == Enhancement of Film Cooling Performance By Using Ramped - Holes Injection

Author name: فلاح فاخر حاتم الجابري
Supervisor name: عاصم حميد يوسف الدراجي | قتيبة جميل مهدي الخشالي
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The effect of introducing ramps with cylindrical and conical holes on the film cooling performance has been investigated numerically and experimentally in the present study. A computational fluid dynamic code (FLUENT) has been used to predict the flow beh

تقليل الاعاقة للجريان المضطرب الاحادي والثنائي الطور في الانابيب باستخدام بوليمر نوع CMC == Drag Reduction In Single And Two - Phase Turbulent Pipe Flow Using CMC Polymer

Author name: عصام مجبل عبد
Supervisor name: Sabah T. Ahmed
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Thermal Power
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان تقليل الاعاقة ظاهرة فيزيائية تتضح بشكل واضح خلال الجريان المضطرب عند اضافة بوليمر للجريان ذات سلسلة طويلة. ان خاصية السلسلة الطويلة للبوليمر لها فائدة في تكسير الطبقة المتاخمة المتكونة عند سطح الانبوب خلال عملية الجريان. يمكن ان يقسم الجريان الى نوعين | Drag reduction is a physical phenomenon appears through turbulent flow due to polymer additive. The long chain of polymer destroyed the sublayer which normally growing through single and two - phase flows. The flow is divided into Newtonian flow (zero con

دراسة سلوك الكلال تحت احمال ثنائية المحور لمادة بوليميرية مدعمة بالالياف عمليا وباستخدام الطرق العددية == Investigation of Biaxial Fatigue Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Using Experimental And Numerical Techniques

Author name: ياسر يعرب قحطان
Supervisor name: محسن جبر جويج | شاكر سكران حسن
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان البحث الحالي درس عدديا وعمليا تصرف المواد المصنوعة من الياف الكاربون والالياف الزجاجية المدمجة بواسطة المادة الرابطة البوليميرية (ايبوكسي) اثناء الاحمال التكرارية (الكلال) الثنائية المحور (Biaxial) بواسطة تسليط حمل من نوع شد - شد. هذا العمل احتوى على | The present work studied numerically and experimentally the fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with different numbers of layers under a biaxial loading of tension - tension. This work inclu

دراسة عددية وتجريبية لاداء توربين - المدخنة الشمسية == Numerical And Experimental Study of Turbine - Solar Chimney Performance

Author name: عباس جاسم جبير
Supervisor name: اركان خلخال حسين الطائي | وحيد شاتي محمد
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Thermal Power
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذه الدراسة اجراء محاكاة عددية وتقييم اداء محطة المدخنة الشمسية التجريبية في مدينة بغداد. تم نمذجة المحطة باستخدام برنامج Fluent والذي يعمل على اساس العناصر المحددة, وذلك لحل المعادلات الحاكمة (الاستمرارية, Naver - Stockes, الطاقة والاشعاع ) من خلال | Numerical simulation and performance evaluation for pilot plant solar chimney oriented in Baghdad city have been carried out in this work. A finite volume modeling technique is used to cast the governing equations [i.e.,continuity, Naver - stockes, energy

تحسين المواصفات الميكانيكية لسبيكة (Cu - Zn - Al) القادرة على استعادة شكلها بعد التشوه == Enhancing The Mechanical Properties of Cu - Zn - Al Shape Memory Alloy

Author name: صلاح نوري عبود النعماني
Supervisor name: ظافر الفتال | عبد الواحد راجح
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان زيادة الطلب على تطوير بعض المواد لاستخدامها في صناعات الفضاء والصناعات الطبية العسكرية، تتطلب دراسات واسعة النطاق لتعزيز مثل هذه المواد وخاصة السبائك الذكية القادرة على استعادة شكلها. وتلقى سبائك النحاس الذكية اهتماما واسعا نظرا للتطبيقات الهامة وانخفا | The increased demand for the development of certain materials to be used in aerospace, military and medical industries justifies the execution of an extensive investigation to enhance the properties of such materials, especially the shape memory alloys (S

خصائص سبيكة الالمنيوم - سليكون مقواة بدقائق سيراميكية == Characteristic Analysis of An Aluminum - Silicon Base Alloy With Nano Particulate Ceramic Reinforcement

Author name: رونق احمد محمد
Supervisor name: ابتهال عبد الرزاق محمود | عدنان داود محمد
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تستخدم سبائك الالمنيوم المتراكبة بدقائق الالومينا سواء كانت مايكروية او نانوية في نطاق واسع في تطبيقات عالية الاداء كالسيارات العسكرية والصناعات الفضائية والكهربائية بسبب امكانية تحسين خواصها الفيزياوية. تم تحضيرسبيكة A332 ثم اضيفت الدقائق المايكروية وال | Aluminium matrix composites (AMC) reinforced with micro and nano - sized Al2O3 particles are widely used for high performance applications, such as automotive, military, aerospace and electrical industries because of their improved physical and mechanical

An Investigation on The Combustion And Emissions Characteristics of (HSDI) Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel, Biodiesel And Heavy Fuel Oil

Author name: حيدر عبد ضهد
Supervisor name: Ekhlas M. Alfayyadh | Mohammed ali Abdulhadi
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In this study, an investigation was carried out on the combustion, regulated gases emissions, unregulated gases emissions and particulate matter emissions characteristics in a high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine fueled with rapeseed methyl es
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